peeuebheneoeebeeuees cieceianaraianietiahdin's siete: eemmmanciee ara Th re THOMAS LINCOLN CASEY LIBRARY 1925 : LIBRAIRIE SPEGIALE DES SCIENCES NatTUREDLES We. Gucoy BD. ANDAR, ’A BEAUNE (Cérey'On),. boulevird -Bectonnibee. “3 fi } G A fe ae ae g 2 - Posi Be. de yg Jivres Nouveaux et Occasions @< 3/ K Yoga Al, Sf er : ; fe oucua échanger © » mM ° fan 1 ~ 3 4] sce} os =) BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. ARACHNIDA-ARANEIDEA. Vou. I. BY Tue Rev. OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &c. 1889-1902. INTRODUCTION . CONTENTS. . Systematic List or Sprpers DrscriBepD AND FicguRED . Lust OF PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SPECIES IDENTIFIED BY THE AUTHOR . Errata ET CORRIGENDA DeEscRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. InDEX PLATES. INTRODUCTION. In dealing with the Central-American Araneidea, the subject was divided (see footnote to page 1) into two parts: I. to include descriptions and figures of those species considered to be new to science, taken according to my own convenience and other circumstances ; and II. a Systematic List of all the species known to occur within the region, with their geographical distribution. So far as this arrangement has been carried out, the present volume contains the species worked out by myself, according to the two appended Lists: (i.) a Systematic List of the new Species described and figured, numbering 417; and (ii.) a List of those Species identified by myself as already known, numbering 139. ‘The volume contains 309 pages of letterpress and thirty-nine coloured plates, the drawings for which have been prepared by Mr. A. T. Hollick, and transferred to stone by Mr. E. Wilson. OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE. August, 1902. SYSTEMATIC * LIST OF SPIDERS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED. Page. Plate. Fig. Page Plate. Fig. Cesonia (Helvidius) lugubris, 9 221 XXVII. 1 Fam. THERAPHOSID A. ( ) fagen Q eevee ee, 281| XXXII | 5 Spherobothria hoffmannii, Aursch, 2 3 89 XII. 1,2 || Prosthesima meesta, g 9 .......... 245 XXXII. 2 Eurypelma mesomelas, ¢ .......... 90 XI. 8 | Echemus pedestris, Q ...........: 273 XXXII. 13 Davus fasciatus T, d .............. 91 XII. 4 || Bonna fidelis, Q ................ 250 | XXXIIT. 1 Macrothele digitata, g Q .......... 92 XII. 3 Pachyloscelis robustus, 9 .......... 93 XII. 5 , Favila relatus, Soe... eee ce ee eee 156 XIX. 6 Rabiam. Cugnionin. Enrico mexicanus, 9 .............. 157 XIX. 8 | Bedriacum predator, g............ 251 XXXIITI. v4 Elaver tigrina, dQ ...........00. 238 XXX. 6, 7 SCTICEA, Do Li. eee ee eee eee 239 XXX. 11 Fam. FILISTATID. depuncta, 2 ........e0.. 008, 240 XXX. 10 ilistata tractans, G............-.. . lacida, QQ... . ee eee ee ee eee 240 XXXI. + canugied se Sonn b90 | XXUL | 4 | Ghabiona erosota, $90 168| XxI. | 2¢ capillosa, Qo... . ee eee eee eee 289 | XXXII. 1 — attigua, Dees. eee cece eee 169 XXL. 1 ee XXVI. JQ | ——excisa, dw... eee eee ee eee 245 | XXXIIT. zo) Insignis, SQ we .e sess sere 211 { XXVIII. | 8 |——mMmordica, 2 ......... 00.00. 274). XXXIT | 14 ‘ simplex, ¢ ............ 00s 195 a im Cragus pallidus, d.............45. 215 XXVI. 10 Fam. DYSDERID As. inornatus, G.. 0... 0.00000. 240 | XXXL | 9 Ariadne pilifera, Q) .. 1... ee ae. 235 XXX, 9 || Eutichurus putus, 9 ............., 237 XXXIV. 3 comata, 9... eee eee eee 235 XXX, 8 || Macrophyes attenuata, gd .......... 107 XIV. 8 | Diguetia (Ervig) albolineata, ? 151 XIX. 3 | Chiracanthium ferum, ¢ .......... 228 XXIX. 8 | c—) or 221 | XXVII. 6 debile, 9 2... se ee eae eee 229 | XXIX. 7 (——-) propinqua, 2 ........ 221 XXVII. 2 Dysderina plena, 9 ¢ ............ ibe a 4 Subfam. Lrocrayinz. Ochyrocera simoni, ¢ ............ 122 XVII. 13 || Liocranum (?) mirabile, ¢ @ ...... 214 XXVI. 8,9 . : Menalippe punctigera, 2 .......... 285 XXXIT,. 7 oo a. Subfam, ANYPHAENINZ. Subfam. Drassrrz. Delozeugma formidabile, ¢ ........ 106 XIV. 5 Satricum gnaphosoides, 3 2 serene 99 XIII. 4, 5 depictum, GS cece ccetecneeee 145 XIX. 1 Castianeira (Pedo) ornata, 2 ...... 220 XXVI. 14 mordicans, G ... ee ee eee eee 225 XXVIII. 1 ( ) plumosa, 2 .......... 242 XXXII. 12 || Teudis (Delozeugma) mordax, ¢ ....|182,199 XXII. 11 —— (——-) plorans, 6 9... 27 XXXIII. {10,11 ( ) gentilis, «oe... een. 199 XXV. 6 —— ( ) lachrymosa, 2 ........ 275 | XXXIV. 4 || Anyphena simplex, d 2 .......... 124 XVIII. 2,3 —— (——-) flebilis, 9 ............ 286 XXXII. 8 =A. clubionoides, ¢ 9...... 184, 203 XXIII. 1 —— (——-) luctuosa, Q .......... 287 XXXH. 9 larvata, Qo. cee ee eee eee 199 XXVI. 3 —— (——-) lugens, 2 .......-00.. 288 XXXII. 10 proba, J ww cece eee ee eee 200 XXVI. S * The order of the species, within their several genera, is not intended in all cases to be systematic. + Pella fasciata on the Plate. Vill SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS. Page Plate. Fig Page. Plate. Fig. | | Anypheena gibba, d ........-0005- 201 XXVI. 7 | ——gibbosa, Sv... eee cece e eee 202 XXV. | 9,10 Fam. PHOLCIDZ. | subgibba, fo. se. se seeeee eee 202 | XXV. 5 || Spermophora placens, 9° .....+ee- 922 | XXVIII. | 10 | judicata, S .... eee ee eee 203 XXVI. 4 Decetia incisa. oe 234 XXIX. 1 | t | 203) XXV, 7 neisa, excepta, Po wsseseseeereess - Metagonia caudata, 9 ............ 150 XXI. 8 | (Clubiona) placens, f ........ 195 eee 10 eee 246 XXXI. 7 1 Arachosia puta, 2 a a era son Pa 4.5 Micromerys delicatus, OG sve eeveceee 149 XXI. 7 Aysha simplex, 5 9 ......-+.+++5- 00 XXVL 5 || Physocyclus rotundus, 9 .......... 263, | XXXIX. 3 - (Anyphena) puta, Qo .-++- eee 5 93 | XXXII g || Coryssocnemis simoni, 9 .......... 237 XXXII. 9 Wulfila pallidus, © Govese eee sees 159 XIX. 11 | Modisimus maculatipes, Q.......... 7 3 a 2 proximus, 9.0... see. sees 159 | XIX. | 18 putas, & oUt 149 Xx 7 diversus, Q 0.6.0... sees eee 159 XIX 0 ng STE) 303 | xxxan | 4 Pelayo letus, So... ee cee eee ee 194 XXIV. 7 propinquus, dQ... cece cece 293 XXVIL. 8,9 Subfam. Mrcartn#. Mazax spinosus, 2... ... ee eee eee 276 | XXXIV. 2 Fam, THERIDHD A. Corinnomma dubium, 9 .... ..... 277 XXXIV. 1 | Theridion purum, 9 .............. 131° XVII. 6 pilosum, 6 Q owes eee ee eee 277 | XXXIII. | 3,4 facetum, Sw... eee ee eee eee 143 XVI. 14 ——jucundum, od ........ ee eee 166 XXI. _13 Subfam. Myrarcrn = —— munifex, 2 ....... eee ee eee 203 XXIV. 8. . . rostratum, Q@ «1... eee eee eee 204 XXIV. 10 Myrmecotypus fuliginosus, 2 ...... 124 XVIIL. 6 florens, Qo... . cee eee eee 205 XXIV. 12 Sphecotypus formicarius, Q ........ 153 XIX. 4 || ——mixtum, 9 .............0.. 206 AXIV, 11 oblivium, 9 ................ 207 XXIV. 13 sont XXXIV: 6* Fam. ZODARUD.A, -——— hispidum, ¢ .............08. 253 | XXXV, 5 Tenedos lautus, ¢ ........ 0.00005. 226 XXIX. 6 rotundum, Porte e settee ees _ SS ; ; Storena lauta, Q ............000. 279 XXXI. 10 My Poveee cesses eens - : ? albulum, 9 ..... ...... eee 255 XXXIV. 9 NiveuM, QQ ..eece sce ee eee 255 XXXIV. ii transversum, d 9 .......... 256 XXXYV. 3, 4 | Fam. DICTYNIDA. Vivum, Qo... eee cece eee eee 293 | XXXIV. | 8 | - Phyllonethis thorellii, g Q@ ........ 132 XVIII. 1,5 | Subfam. AmavRosrin 2. electa, 2d .....-- sees ee 165 xk 2,3 | Dictyna parietalis, d Q............ 171 XXII. 5, 6 adjacens, Q ...........0000. 166 XX. 1 yna p . : grandis, QQ .. eee eee eee eee 172 XXI. 4 || —— (Theridion) trepida, 9 ........ 256 | XXXIX. 9 | Mallos niveus, ¢ ...... 308 XXXV. 1 ( ) as 307 | XXXIV. | 10 Temecula mexicana, d ............ 170 XXII. 8 || Lithyphantes quesitus, g¢.......... 180 XXII. 6 —— letus, Sd .... ee eee eee 181 XXII. 12 - clarus, Qo... eee eee ee eee ee 252 | XXXVIII. 6 Subfam. Zonorsinz. Asagena masta, 9 .............. 209 | XXvV. 4 Zorocrates mistus, ¢ 2 .......-.... 176 XXI. 9, 10 quadrimaculata, ¢ .......... 189 XXIII. 12 Teutana zonata, Keys., d .......... 306 XXXV. 7 | On 306 XXXV. 8 Fam. AGELENID.T. Thwaitesia (Achea) vittata, 9 ...... 130, 197 XVII. ii Agelena nova, So 1... eee eee eee 175 XXIT. 5 , ae LS crete ee eeee eens ar XXYV. 2,3 Melpomene elegans, 3 ......... 285 XXXIX, | 6 | Wy 7 opie & yliitiipresssss 994 SEENE ; ius mordax, 2 ...........6.. ; On ¥ Xx 7 . 1 ‘ 9 eos eee ee ereve : ee et we e Rubrius mordax, ¢ 219 | XXXVI crocea, Geese eee e eee eee. 210; XXVL | Mesopneustes nigrovittata, ¢ ...... 126 XVII. 3, 4 1 . | Stemmops bicolor, ¢ .............. 125 XVII. 5 Fam. HERSILUD Ai, Wamba congener, ¢ ........ 191| XxIv. | 1 Hersilia mexicana, d Q.........04. 107 XIV. 6,7 || Ataulfo nugax, ¢ we... eee cece eee 178 XXII. 4 * Figured under the name of 7’. hirsutum on Plate XXXIV. fig. 6. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS. Page Plate. Fig Page. Plate. Fig. Egilona munda, ¢d ............40.. 188 XXIII. 7 Andrasta globosa, ¢ 2 ............ 192} XXIV. | 5,6 Fam. EPEIRID A. Euryopis lineatipes, Q ............ 108 XV. 6 Go eundsetigiunsenes BL] XVI 2 idols apie atch spinigera, dw... ee eee ee eee 146 XIX. » | Meta brevipes, Q ......--.20- eee 1 dE, 3 probabilis, Q9 2. .......-000. 295 | XXXIX. 1 | globosa, Qo... eee eee ee eee 2 I. 5 proxima, Q ............005. 296 | XXXIX. 2 | alboguttata, d Q ........-55 2 I. 1 Hubba insignis, ¢ ............0-.. 231 XXX. 4 | decolorata, Q ........0ee eee 3 J. 4 | | Dipcena proba, ¢ 2 ......-..0 06 e. 2904 | XXXVIL 19,10) —— flava, Sw. eee e eee eee eee 135 XVIII. 8 Theridula tricornis, Q ............ 208 XXY. 1 ——— superams, J .~..- eee eee eeee 217 XXVIII. 2 Itys pergrata, SD... eee eee eee 127 XVI. 12 | Metabus gravidus, 9 .............. 299 XXXVILI. ys Liger incomta, ¢ ..........0e cee 210 | XXVIII. G3 | Azilia guatemalensis, d Q ........ 12 IIL. 3,4 Coleosoma flavipes, ¢ .....-...--- 154 XIX. 12 ——affinis, 9 ..........-- +000: 115 XV. 4 Erigone dentosa, G ..... «2... 128 XVI. 1 Agniogratha bella, ¢ 6... ee eee ee 213 XXVIII. 7 Florinda mirifica, ¢ ......-...-0-. 164,224 XXI. 11 | -—— (Tetragnatha) pachygna- 4.91: Argyrodes argenteola, ¢ .......... 128 XVI. 4 thoides, J ow. eee eee eee eee eee an oe ‘ argenteo-maculata, G ........ 193 XXIV. y | Argyroepeira idonea, Q....... Te 4 i rs aurea, Q oe sees eee cece eee 207 XXVI. 1 acuminata, Q .....e esse eee 5 I. 6 —— eer rree 259 | XXXVIITL. | 4 debilis, Q ...... 0. +e eee eees 5 I. 9 furcata, Q 6.6... cece eee eee 258 | XXXVITI. | 30 —— i 218 | XXVIII. | 4,5 maculosa, 2 .......-.0 ee eeee 258) XXXVII. | 3 curta, Qo we eee eee eee ee ees 6 I. 10 linguata, Go... . eee eee eee 259 | XXXVIII | 1 fragilis, Q 6... eee eee eee 6 I. 11 subdola, Qo... - eee ee eee 260 | XXXVIII. | 2 reps 2 = Regs” (Ook 7 I. 8 Ariamnes furcata, 9 .........+--.. 129 XVII. 10. (|| ——— puleherrima, cys. pas c gracillima, Q ..........000- 129 XVII. 9 mocerens), Q ......--eee Lge, a20 anies . approximata, Q ..........6. 130 XVI. =| 8 | -— a. 230 wees +s procera, Q we. eee cess eee 257 | XXXVIII. | 5 | —— (Opas) lugens. Q ..........-- 185 | XXITL. 3 Rhomphea projiciens, dQ ........ 186 XXIII. /9,10 aurostriata, d Q ......-...-- 230 XXIX. 2,3 Spintharus lineatus, ¢ ........-... 190 XXIIL. 11 mesomelas, Q .......+-...+ 135 XVI. 3 affinis, ¢ ..... ee eee eee eee 190 | XXIV. z | Tetragnatha cognata, 2 ......-- 7 II. 10, 11 Mermessus dentiger, ¢ .......+2-.. 292 | XXXIX. 5 guatemalensis, J Q .........- 8 II. 6, 7 Mettus reclivis, Q .........-..0-5- 293 | XXXVIITI. | 8 tenuis, 9 dow... eee eee ee 8 I. 12,13 Linyphia lata, G ........ eee eee 261 XXXV. | 10 longa, SC Qo wees ee ee ee eee ee 9 If. 4,5 cena QP we ruwocncecucceees 261 XXXV. 11 tenuissima, d Q ..........-- 9 III. 1,2 confinis, Q ...... cee ee eee 306 XXXV. 9 pallida, SQ... ee eee ee eee 10 II. 8,9 Frontina phoenicea, ¢ Q .......--- 144 XVII 1,2 tropica, Qo... ee eee ee ee ees 11 Il. 3 Leptyphantes longispinosa, ¢ ...... 188 | XXIIT 8 digitata, I Q ws... e eevee ees 299 | XXXVI. /11,12 (2) dubia, 2.2... ... eee eee 262 | XXXIX g || Eugnatha gracilis, ¢ Q...........- 11 Il. 1,2 Bathyphantes sana, Q ............ 262 | XXXIX 4 Episinus cognatus, G .........--- 109 XV. 2 . Pe ohkis. 3! «.sos0s.ceccceeew 132} XVIII 7 Subfam. Anaiormz. — bigibbosus, 9 .............. 167 XX. 8 || Gea predicta, «1... e eee ee eee 267 | XXXVII 11 BA nace been ee uoeees 208 XXVI 6 || Argiope trivittata, ¢ Q........64-. 51 EV. 5, 6 Dolichognatha diversa, Q .......... 147 XX 9 personata, 9 ...... cee eee eee 110 LY, 14 Mimetus bigibbosus, ¢ ............ 133 XVII 12 godmani, 2 ........ eee eee 236 | XXXVII 8 rapax, dQ .....eeeee cence 296 XXXVI 6, 7 blanda, d 11.2... cece eee eee 267 | XXXVII 2 —— trituberculatus, 2 .......... 297 | XXXVI 5 || Pronous tuberculifer (= Paphlagon } 117 XIV 10 erudelis, ¢ 22... ee eee eee 297 | XXXVI 8 beatus), Q .. see cece ee eee eee ; hirsutus, Q ...--0-seeeceees 298 | XXXVI 9 ys Oo sees 281 | XXXVI 13 Gelanor mixtus, dQ .....--e eee, 303 — Cyclosa fissicauda, 2 ...........45- 49 VU. 7 medius, do -Q .....-scec ee eees 304 index, Q ..ue ee eee eee eee 51 VI. 6 nto GHSEINGUUS, QD... eee ee ee eee 304 culta, dw. ce eee ee ee ee eee 112 XIV. 12 errans, GQ .ceee eee reece 305 furcata, Qo... . eee ee eee ee 247 XXXI 3 consequus, 2 ...-.eee eee ees 306 eee “ Clara, Qo we ee ee ee ee eee eee 248 XXXI 8 Witica talis, ¢ .....e cece reece 160 XIX 13 tuberculifera, ¢ ....... eee 269 | XXXVI 10 - ; Turckheimia nodosa, Q .......... 47 IV. 11 walckenaérii, Q .........-.. 47 VIIL. 6 BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. I., August 1902. b Xx SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS. Page Plate Fig. Page Plate. Fig. Turckheimia diversa*, 9 .......... 136 XVI. 11 || Epeira clavispina, 9 .............. 37 VIL. 11 (?) armata, Q wo... ee eee eee 114 XIV. 11 graphica, Oo... eee eee ee eee 22 VIL. 16 scelesta, Q .... cece eee eee ee 268 | XXXIX 10 latebricola, Q .......... 008 31 VIIL. 4 —— minax, 9 ...........0 ee eens 112 XV. 1 —— pivariolata, 9 Gd ...... eee. 27 VI. 15 Subfam. Epxrrin2. —— nigropustulata, g............ 111 XV. 5 Epeiroides fasciolata, ¢ .......... 15 VIII 5 || —— seutigera, 2 ....... ee eee eee 243 | XXXIII. 8 Mangora trilineata, Q ............ 14 III. 7 |) ——nava, PQ... . ce eee eee ee eee 300 | XXXVII. 5 picta, OQ cee eee eee ee eee 14 II. 5,6 || ——smithi, Q ............0..06- 280 | XXXYVII. 4 (Epeira) passiva, 2 .......... 20 V. 4 hoxeea, Q ... eee ee eee eee ee 35 Vi 6 Epeirotypus brevipes, Q .......... 134 XVIII 11 septem-mammata, 2 ........ 42 VII. 6 i 161 XIX. 14 guatemalensis, 9 d .......... 40 VII. 4,6 Bion brevis, Go... cece eee ee neces 244 XXX. 5 METENS, DP... eee ee ee eee 246 XXXI. Z Singa flava, df... eee eee eee 136 XVII. 15t semifoliata, Q ........e.000. 301 XXXVI. 3 Eustala (Epeira) illicita, Q ........ 17 VI. 16 . honesta, Qo... eee eee eee 30U XXXVI. 6 ( ) tetragnathoides, 5 2 16 VII. 9,10 || Alpaida conica, 9 .............8.. 53 iy. 3 Epeira fragilis, Q ............-... 23 IV. 18 Mahadiva 11-variolata, ¢ Q........ 53 iii. 8,9 incerta, Q ...... ee eee ee ee ee 23 IV. 16 reticulata, ¢...... ce. eee eee 54 Lil, 10 laticeps, Q .... eee eee ee eee 18 IV. 16 || Amamra bituberosa, 9 ............ 55 Iii, 11 consequat, Q .........00- 36 IV. 14 gibbifera, Q ..... ee eee eee 137 XVIII 10 rufipes, 2... cece eee eee eee 31 IV. 12 nigromaculata, Q............ 155 XIX. 5 helvola, d Q.....- eee eee 24 V. 1,2 turrigera, 2 ..... eee eee eee 251 XXXI 6 gregalis, Q .. ke eee ee ee eee 22 V. 3 clivosa, 9 Sw... eee eee eee 270 XXXVI 1.2 intercisa, J... .. eee eee eee 18 Vv. 1L || Carepalxis tuberculifera, Q ........ 48 IV. 9 championi, d @ ............ 42 V. 12, 13/) -—— gibbosa, 2 ....... 0... eee eee 48 IV. 10 mobilis, 9... .. eee eee ee eee 30 VI. 1 americana, Q ...-.....0e. 49 IV. 8 fecunda, dQ .......e seen. 26 VI. 9, 10 nigriceps, Qo... eee eee cece 158 XIX. 9 -—— expleta, Q ...... 2. eee eee, 25 VI. 11 rotunda, Q ..... eee eee ee 224 XXVII z —— bimaculata, dQ ............ 21 VI. 12,13) Scoloderus gibber (=Carepalxis ocellata, Q 2... . ae ee ee eee 29 VI. 17 americana), dg .. ‘ be eeee a } 49, 282 IV. 7 aculifera, Q ...... ee eee eee 29 VII. 3 —), 2 ......e, 282 XXXVI. 4 cylindrica, Qo... ee eee 19 VIL. 12, 13)| Kaira altiventer, Q ..........000. 56 Iii. 13 lacerta, ¢ (=Cyclosa lacerta) .. 50 Vil. 14 gibberosa, 9... 2.2... eee eee o7 it 12 solersioides, G ...... ee ee eee 25 VII. 15 dromedaria, 2 ............4. 115 XIV. 9 —— lineatipes, d Q...........0.. 30 VII. 17,18) Cyrtarachne dugesi **, 9 .......... 113 KEV, 13 habilis, Q 2.1... eee eee eee 28 VIII. 3 (?) 10-tuberculata, ¢ ........ 59 i¥. 4 nigrohumeralis, Q .......... 111 XV. 3 J eetiene GLEE) ag) Tv) 1) Fam. GASTBRACANTHID.. rigida, Q .... ee ee eee wee eee 356 V. 5 || Hypognatha nasuta, ¢ 9 .......... 222 XXVIT 3, 4,5 gravabilis, 2 ...........0000e 33 V. 7 || Acrosoma furcula, Q .............. 60 Vill 11 —— hypocrita, d............005. 38 V. 8 parallelum, g ...........05. 60. Vill 15 spinigera, d Q ...... eee eee 43 V. 9,10 longicauda, ¢ ...........00. 61 . Vill 9 tauricornis, dQ .........6. 44 VI. 2,3 calcaratum, ¢ .........0005. 62 VIII 8 —_— ao +: VIIL. 1,2 brevipes, @ ...... cece eee, 62 Vill 10 spicata, Ge... eee eee ee eee 45 VE. 4 vitiosum, ¢ 2... ee eee eee 63 VIIL 14 —-— sargi, Q vee eee eee eee eee. 28 VI. 5 | —— 12-spinosum, 2 ............ 63 VIII 12 detrimentosa, SQ cececeeece 26 VI. 7,8 fericulum, 9 ............000. 64 VIll. 13 variolata, 9 Sow... eee eee ee 46 VI. 14 bimucronatum, 9............ 302 XXXVI. | 14 TUfa, QoL. cece eee e eee eee ee 34 VI. 18 | Edricus spinigerus, ¢ ............ 58 IV. 1 nephiloides, Q .............. 32 VII. 1,2 productus, d........ 0.00.08. 186 XXIT S purpurascens, ¢ Q .......... 33 VI. 4,5 | Keyserlingia cornigera, ¢ .......... 58 iV. 4 * 9=T. walckenaérii. y Figured under the name of Singa lutea. t Sub E. destricta, 2, on Plate. § Wrongly marked @ on the Plate. || Fig. 14 is £. consequa, °. §| The ¢ described under this name, fig. 7 » = Scolc=- derus gibber, which see. ** Figured under the name of Cyrtarachne mewicana. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS. i | Uloborus signatus, g 9 Fam. ULOBORID 2. Subfam. cinereus, 9 spernax, Q variegatus, vicinus, 9 Uxozorinz. eee eee reese ey Ce Dine ce cc cece nee | Ariston albicans, Q ..........0... Subfam. MraGcRAMMOoPINE. lineatus, 2 _Miagrammopes mexicanus, 2 ...... Fam. STEPHANOPID. Erissus pustulatus, Q ............ Stephanopoides cognata, Q ........ Epicadinus (Eripus) trifidus, 2 Fam. THOMISIDA, Subfam. THOMISIN.E. Thomisus odiosus, ¢ .........0008- Misumena (Runcinia) vigilans, ¢ 9 .. ( ) tibialis, ¢ ........ 008. —— (——-) blanda, ¢ ............ ( ) rugosa, 9 ............ —— (———) depressa, d 2 ........ ( ( ( ( ( ) ann )signata, Q............ ) sagittata, 9 .......... ) propinqua, Q ........ ) lutea, Q ...... eee. ulipes, d.......... particeps, 9 ..........-.006. ornata, 2 we... eee eee esenens pascalis, 2 pallida, 2 conjuncta, ee ad Q evcsecececeeees Synzema bimaculata, 9 d .......... cirripes, 5 2 puta, 2.. palliata, ? ee ee oe ee eres soe e seers er eer Beemer seeseanse maculosa, 5 .......-..-e eee affinitata, d 9 .........-.0.. socia, ¢ .. profuga, 2 oe eer eee eee OPH eee ewe adjuncta, Q ..... see ee eeee culta, 2 interrupta, madida, J prosper, d SQ vececese sees ooeeereeoesre eee eee ve ee ee ee ee owes eee Page. Plate. Fig. Page Plate. Fig. Synema polita, ¢ 2 .... eee. ee eee 241; XXXIII. (14,15 Diva puta, Q...... 0. ee eee 85 XI. 5 spinigera, J ...... cee eee eee 241 | XXXIIT. | 16 Bassania emula, 9 .............. 249 XXXI. 5 264 | XXXVIIT. | 9,10) Xysticus adustus, 2 ...........42. 70 IX. 11 2650 | XXXII | 13 advectus, Q ....... eee eee ee | 71 ‘IX. 12 265 | XXXIII. 12 pellax, dow... cece ee ee eee 138 XVII. 14 266 | XXXVIIf. | 11 facetus, Ge... ce cece pee eee 179 XXII. 1 266 | XXXVIITI. | 12 | Strophius hirsutus, Q ............ 87 XI. 9 216 XXVILI. Y signatus, Gv... eee ee eee 103 XIV. 3 Tmarus ineptus, Q .......,...4.. | 94 XIII. 3 -mundulus, 9 .........0 ee eee 95 XII, 11 corruptus, Q............006- 95 XII. 16 116 XV. 7 | —~—intentus, ¢ Qo... ee. eee ee 96 XIU, 1,2 134 XVII 12 |) ____ pauper, Gove sececeeeee eee ee 96 XII. 8. —— studiosus, 2 d .........2008. 97 XII. 6, 7 decens, 9 .............0000s 98 XII. 9 —— mendax, 9 .......... Lees 139 XVIII. 9 271 XXXY. 2 jJocosus, ¢ 9 ..... eee eee eee 288 XXXII. 11,12 104 XLV. 2 121 XY. 12 Subfam. APHANTOCHILINE. Majella affinis, Q .........-...05. ‘191 XXIV. 3 Bucranium spinigerum, Q.......... 87 XI. 11 271 XXXIV. 5 Subfam. Purnoprominz. 72 IX. 4,5 | Thanatus punctiger, 2 ............ 88 XI. 12 73 X. 3 longipes, d ........ be eseeas 168 XXI. 12 74 X. 1,2 | Philodromus maculatipes, dg ........ 118 XV. 14 7 1X. 16 albicans, Q ...... ee ee ee eee 227 XXIX. 9 75 X. 4,5 decolor, Q....... ee ee ee eee 291 XXXII. 3 7 IX. 6 || Tibellus affinis, 9 ................ 252 XXXI. 11 77 X. 7 || Apollophanes (Tibellus) punctipes, 2 .| 79, 252 IX. 15 77 X. 6 distinctus, Q............206- 290 XXXII. 2 78 IX. 13 3 xiv. " Subfam. Sparassinm.® 119 XV. 11,13) Sparassus minax, 2 gd ..-..-...... 177 XXII. 3, 4 85 XI. 6 || Sadala simonii, 2 ..............-. 65 VILLI. 17 86 XI. 10 fugiens, Gi... ee eee eee ee ee 66 IX, 10 86 XI. 7 || Vindullus similis, Q .............. 67 IX, 9 71 IX. 7,8 || Olios erroneus, Q ......,...000e ee 67 IX. 1 79 X, 11 manifestus, d Q .........05. 68 VIII. 16, 18 180 XXII. 2 SAQUS, QL. eee eee eee eee 69 IX. 3 80 X. 9 exasperans, Q ...........08- 69 IX. 2 81 X. 8 || Prusias nugalis, dw... eee eee. 102 XIII. 9 81 { X. 10 Oe 247 XXXII. 1 XI. 2 || Ramnes semotus, Q ........--40-5 102 XIII. 8 82 X. 12,13 83 XI. 4 e4 XL 2 Fam. TRECHALIDA, 84 XI. 1 || Perissoblemma approximatum, ?.... 105 XIV. 4 119 XV, 15 | Trechalea (Triclaria) habilis, ¢ ..../173,233 XXII. 9 120 XV. 9, 10 ( )extensa, ¢ .......... 174 XXII. 10 153 XIX. 7 ( ) connexa, d .....e eee 233 XXX. 1 213 XXVI 13 | Enna velox, ¢Q .............006. 232 XXX, 2,3 62 xli SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS. Page. Plate. Fig. Page. Plate. Fig. Fam. OXYOPID. ad ae Oxyopeidon facile, Q..........64.- 140 XVI. 6 Ctenus (?) mordicus, 2 ¢ ..... eee es 100 XIII. 6,7 putum, dQ... eee ee eee eee 140 XVI. 7,8 subfacile, Q ...........00 eee 141 XVI. 5 —— molestum, 9 .........-..0055 141 | XVI. 15 —— flebile, dQ ...... ee eee eee 141. XVI, 3 Fam. SENOCULID As. | | ——letum,9.. .......... 0. ee. 142] Xv~ | 10 | Senoculus (Labdacus) prolatus, 5 .... 218 | XXVIII. 3 || —— difficile, 9...............0.0. 142 | XVI. 13 Ham, LYCOSIDR Fam. SALTICIDAL. Fam. LYC Simonella decipiens, ¢ 2 ......-..- 163 | XIX. 15,16 Trochosa insignis, g ....-...... wee 272 | XXXVIII. 7 || Rhane munda, 9 ................ 162 XIX. 17 Pirata felix, Q .......... ee eee eee 243 XXXII. 6 || Coccorchestes scarabeoides, ¢ 2 .... 121 . as S. adjacens, d ...-...e-e eee 162 XX. 4 LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED*, Fam. THERAPHOSIDA, Spheerobothria hoffmannii, Karsch. Fam. FILISTATID. Filistata hibernalis, Hentz. Fam. SCYTODIDA. Loxoscelis rufipes, Luc. Fam. DRASSID. Echemus lubricus, Sim. Lauricius hemicloeinus, Sim. Trachelas ruber, Keys. Fam. DICTYNID. Zorocrates fuscus, S2m. Fam. PHOLCID. Artema convexa, Bl. Fam. THERIDIIDA. Theridion fordum, Hentz. . 9% tepidariorum, C. LZ. Koch. ‘s eximium, Keys. ‘s studiosum, Hentz. ” teeniatum, Keys. - evexum, Keys. 7 magnificum, Keys. a bimaculatum, Keys. rs -perniciosum, Keys. Thwaitesia (Achzwa) compressa, Keys. Teutana nitida, Holmb. » zonata, Keys. Euryopis floricola, Keys. om taczanowskii, Keys. Trithena tricuspidata, Bl. Lithyphantes nigro-femoratus, Keys. Latrodectus mactans, Fabr. - verecundus, Hentz. ” lineatus, Hentz. Frontina calearifera, Keys. ” hospita, Keys. Wendilgarda mexicana, Keys. Erigone montevidensis, Keys. Theridiosoma argentatum, Keys. » concolor, Keys. Chrysso albomaculata, Cambr. Theridula triangularis, Keys. ” multiguttata, Keys. - quinquepunctata, Keys. Spintharus elongatus, Keys. - flavidus, Keys. Argyrodes obscurus, Keys. Mimetus brasilianus, Keys. | Fam. EPEIRID®. Meta rubromaculata, Keys. Argyroepeira pulcherrima, Keys. ” hortorum, Hentz. » argyra, Walck. * Unless otherwise stated, these are all represented in the collections obtained by the Editors from Mexico or Central America. XIV LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED. Argyroepeira preciosissima, Walch. % volupis, Keys. ” striata, Keys. Tetragnatha bogotensis, Keys. * straminea, Emert. Nephila plumipes, C. L. Koch. » flagellans, Z. Koch. Argiope aurelia, Sav. ” argentata, Fabr. 5 argyraspis, Walck. » tasciata, Hentz. Cyclosa bifurca, M*Cook. Zilla melanocephala, Z'acz. Epeira crassicauda, Keys. », labyrinthea, Hentz. 55 benjamina, Walck. » (Eustala) fuscovittata, Keys. » grammica, Bl. » venilie, Keys. », tuberculata, Keys. » pallidula, Keys. », parvula, Keys. » guttata, Keys. 5 mexicana, Luc. » bifurcata, Walch. » MNicaraguensis, Keys. » arenata, Walck. » vravilla, C. Z. Koch, » theisii, Walck. (=oaxacensis, Keys. ?). » mormon, Keys. » globosa, Keys. » seutulata, Hentz. » edax, Bl. » trivittata, Keys. » maculata, Keys. » caudata, Hentz. caroli, Hentz. » vegeta, Keys. cambridgii, Keys. » vulgaris, Hentz. » Viriosa, Keys. », Stellata, Hentz. Mahadiva (Epeira) verrucosa, Hentz. ” ” meridionalis, Hentz. Fam, GASTERACANTHID. Gasteracantha hexacantha, ©. LZ. Koch. Gasteracantha cancriformis, C. LZ. Koch (in Coll. O. P.-C.). rubiginosa, C. LZ. Koch (in Coll. O. P.-C.). Acrosoma sagittatum M‘Cook. 99 » reduvianum, Walck. 3 gracile, Walck. (=rugosum, Hentz). ” gladiola, Walck. » lucasil, Keys. - swainsonil, Z. Koch. » petersii, Luc. » mitratum, Hentz. ” matronale, C. L. Koch. Fam. ULOBORID. Uloborus collinus, Keys. Fam. STEPHANOPID, Stcphanopis pentagona, Keys. » rugosa, Keys. Fam. THOMISID. Selenops mexicanus, Keys. ” spixli, Keys. (non Perty). ” nigromaculatus, Keys. (in Coll. O. P.-C.). Sadala (Sparassus) obscura, Keys. Misumena bivittata, Keys. » pallens, Keys. » rosea, Keys. » mexicana, Keys. Heteropoda venatoria, Linn. Fam. TRECHALIDA. Trechalea (Triclaria) longitarsis, C. LZ. Koch (in Coll. O. P.-C.). Fam. CTENID. Cupiennius salei, Sim. Fam. SENOCULID. Senoculus (Labdacus) purpureus, Sim. Fam. LYCOSIDAL. Sosippus mexicanus, Sim. Fam. SALTICIDA. Simonella americana, Peckh. LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED. XV Lyssomanes gemineus, Peckh. Salticus centralis, Peckh. Plexippus puerperus, Hentz. » Mmimicus, C. L. Koch. Bavia ornata, Peckh. Jotus lividus, Peckh. 5, opimus, Peckh. Pensacola signata, Peckh. Cytea concinna, Peckh. Martella petasii, Peckh. (in Coll. O. P.-C.). Rudea geniculata, Peckh. Amycus longipalpis, Peckh. » benignus, Peckh. Erica eugenia, Peekh. Pardessus gratiosus (C’. L. Koch). Ashtabula zonaria, Peckh. Cyrba teniola, Hentz. Phidippus howardii, Peckh. (in Coll. 0. P.-C.). Escantsia parvula, Peckh. (in Coll. O. P.-C.). Cyrene delecta, Peckh. (in Coll. 0. P.-C.). Euophrys albipalpis, Tacz. ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. Page Line 50 24 for £. read C. 165 10 for toothless read tooth-like. 221 between lines 19 and 20 insert: Hab. Muxtco, Amula (H. H. Smith). 230 6 erase the words “and figure.” 286 27 for florans read plorans. 297 14 for male read female. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. ZOOLOGIA. Class ARACHNIDA. Order ARANEIDEA. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES*. META, Keyserling. Meta brevipes, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. The cephalothorax, legs, and falces are brownish-yellow ; the legs short, 1, 2, 4, 3, moderately strong, once apparently furnished with a few slender spines, which have, however, been mostly rubbed off. Eyes on black spots. ‘The interval between those of the hind central pair less than that between each and the hind lateral eye next to it. The four centrals form a square whose anterior side is slightly shorter than the posterior. Height of clypeus less than the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. Falces rather long, strong, and a little prominent at their base in front. Mawille not more than half the length of the labium, very slightly divergent, and rounded on the outer side at their extremity. They are yellow-brown ; the /abium and sternum darker. Abdomen large, short, very much elevated, almost globular above, of a subtriangular form, broad at the fore part across the shoulders, and projecting greatly over the thorax. The ground-colour is a rather golden yellow-brown, and it is closely spotted with small silvery and silvery-gilt spots, leaving a central longi- tudinal line on the upperside, emitting two cr three oblique lines on each side; a somewhat curvilinear triangular area on the upperside is of rather darker yellow-brown than the rest, and has on each of its two curved sides several marginal blackish spots; the apex of this triangle is just above the spinners, and its base, which is defined by the anterior oblique lines, is in front, across the shoulders. On the underside is an oblong dark yellow-brown space defined by a silvery-gilt line just between the spinners and the genital aperture, which is darkish yellow-brown and inconspicuous, though of characteristic form. Hab. Guatemata, Chilasco (Sarg). A single specimen. This Spider is very Epeiriform, especially in the shape of the abdomen, which on the upperside reminds one strongly of the common British and European Epetra agalena, Walck. * [In treating of the “ Araneidea ” we propose to pursue a somewhat different course of arrangement from that adopted in other portions of this work, where a systematic sequence has been followed in most cases. We divide this subject, with the author’s approval, into two parts: the first to contain descriptions of the many new species contained in our collections and also the Plates accompanying them ; the second to include a systematic arrangement of all the species known to occur within the region under investigation, together with what is known of their geographical distribution. As a full explanation of the figures is issued on a separate page accompanying each Plate, it is not repeated in this portion of the work.—Epp. | BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., July 1889. By ARANEIDEA. bo Meta globosa, sp. n. Adult female, length scarcely 13 line. The colour of the cephalothorax, falces, legs, palpi, maxilla, labium, and sternum is a dull pale yellow, the legs tinged with greenish, and the maxille, labrum, and sternum with brown. The eyes are closely grouped together on black spots, and form an area not differing much in the length of its longitudinal and transverse diameter—the latter, if anything, being a little the longest ; those of the anterior row are very near together, the height of the clypeus being less than the diameter of a fore central eye. The legs are long, very slender, 1, 2, 4, 3, furnished with hairs and a few very fine spines. The falces are of moderate length and strength, and prominent at their base in front. The mawille are less in length than in Argyroepetra, nearly or quite straight (not divergent, or very slightly so) and scarcely widened at their extremities. The labium appears to exceed, slightly, half the length of the maxille, and the sternum is of a more heart-shape, 7. ¢. the sides are more curved and its form there- fore less rigidly triangular. The abdomen is rather large, nearly globular, but when looked at sideways the hinder part is more elevated and convex than the fore part, and falls vertically to the spinners; it is of a dull yellowish drab-brown colour, the sides and upperside covered more or less thickly with silvery spots and small blotches—in some examples those on the upperside roughly form some oblique stripes diverging backwards from the median line, along which is a tapering stripe free from spots. On each side of the posterior declivity is a large conspicuous round silvery blotch, and a strong curved silvery bar across the middle of the underside, the convexity of the curve directed forwards; behind this curved bar the surface is tinged with brown. The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous, but characteristic in its form. Hab. GUATEMALA, Panzos, Senahu (Sarg). This pretty and delicate little Spider decidedly approaches, if it be not identical with, the typical Meta, though its colours and markings bring it very close to Argyroepeira, and especially to A. curta, from which, however, the globular form of the abdomen will at once distinguish it. In this character it comes near to Theridion, and, particularly, to some species of Argyrodes. Meta alboguttata, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 2 lines; male, 14 line. The cephalothoraw of the female is of a dull yellowish colour marked with dark yellow-brown longitudinal stripes on the caput, which converge into a blunt point backwards about the thoracic junction. The occipital region is a little gibbose. The eyes are tolerably closely grouped together, and on black spots; the interval between those of the hind- central pair is a little less than that between each and the hind lateral next to it. The four central eyes describe a rectangular figure whose longitudinal is greater than its transverse diameter. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The legs are moderate in length and strength, 1, 2, 4, 3; they are similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and marked in front of the femora of the first and second pairs with more or less obscure, broken, longitudinal brownish lines: this character, however, is probably not constant. The anterior extremities of the tibie and metatarsi of the first two pairs are reddish-brown; they are furnished with hairs and a few fine spines, The falces are strong, rather long, prominent at their base in front, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and marked with a transverse brownish spot in front, not far from the cephalothorax. The mawxille, labium, and sternum are rather suffused with yellowish-brown, less so in some examples than in others. The maxille are like those of M. curta and M. globosa, though, if anything, slightly longer. The abdomen is short, stout, somewhat globular above and in front, and pointed at the spinners ; its ground- colour is dull drab, thickly speckled with small silvery spots on the sides and above—in some examples disposed somewhat in curved, transverse, and oblique lines; in some specimens there are traces of broken META.—ARGYROEPEIRA. 3 brownish lines and markings. The underside has a few silvery spots disposed transversely on each side, a little way in front of the genital aperture, which is simple but a little prominent, characteristic in form and of a red-brown colour. The male has the occiput more fulvous than the female, and the three groups of eyes more separated from each other. The cephalothorax is tinged with yellow-brown, and the falces and sternum strongly so. The palpi are short, pale yellowish; the radial joint is somewhat clavate, and longer than the cubital, and furnished in front with several longish curved tapering hairs, the cubital having a single one, and the legs a strong straight one. The digital joint is of moderate size at its posterior extremity; it ends with a curved, red-brown, sharp, horn-like apophysis, whose point is directed outwards. The palpal organs are well developed, not very complex, but with a distinct black tapering spine coiled round their anterior extremity, and a strongish, curved, obtusely-ended process on the outer side of the hinder extremity close to the point of the digital horn. The abdomen is less globose in form, and more thickly mottled with silvery spots above, where also the brown lines are more distinct, forming a tolerably regular pattern of a series; transverse parallel or looped transverse lines on each side of the median line. The falces are also longer than in the female. Hab. GuaTEMALA, San Marcos, Tamahu, Panzos, and Sakiyac (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Meta decolorata, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 lines. The whole of the fore part is pale yellow, the anterior extremities of the tibia, metatarsi, and tarsi of the legs strongly suffused with red-brown. Legs moderate in length and strength, 1, 2, 4,3; spines few and slender. Mawille rather long, double the length of the labium, straight, not greatly enlarged at the extremities, where they are rather rounded on the outer side. Labrum and maxille suffused with brownish. Eyes in the ordinary position of the genus. Height of clypeus equal to diameter of an eye of the fore central pair. The four central eyes, which are nearly equal in size, form a rectangular figure whose longitudinal diameter is distinctly longer than its transverse diameter; and the interval between the eyes of the hind central pair is distinctly less than that between each and the hind lateral eye next to it. The abdomen is rather large, subglobular. The ground-colour is pale dull drab, pretty closely but not densely covered above and on the sides with mostly roundish silvery spots; no pattern is traceable, but near the lower part of the sides the spots increase rather in size ; on each side, just behind the genital aperture, are also a few similar spots. The genital process is reddish-brown, prominent and conspicuous, the aper- ture small and characteristic. Hab. Guatemata, between Dolores and Chapallal (Sarg). Count Keyserling (who has kindly examined this and other Spiders for me) has labelled it a Zilla, but evidently this is an accidental error. As it is, it appears to me undoubtedly a Meta, with which all its generic characters exactly agree. ARGYROEPEIRA, Emerton. Meta, auctt. ad partem. Tetragnatha, Bl., ad partem. The genus Argyroepeira includes a number of Spiders intermediate between the typical Meta and Tetragnatha. ‘he legs are long and slender, 1, 2, 4,3; the first two much the longest, and not greatly different in length. The maxille are longer than those of Meta, but less in length than those of Tetragnatha, broad at the / ; BT 2 & ARANEIDEA. extremities, and divergent. The sternum is subtriangular. The falces are powerful, but not developing to the remarkable extent usual in Tetragnatha. The abdomen is usually subcylindric; stouter, but shorter than in Tetragnatha; it is often rather humped before, and its hinder extremity is sometimes prolonged in a quasi-caudal form. All the known species are more or less ornamented with patches, streaks, stripes, lines, or sprinklings of brilliant silver, sometimes varied with black and reddish on a whitish or yellowish, or (I believe) often in life a greenish, coloured ground; occasionally the abdomen is short, very stout, or subglobular. Considering the typical species of this group to be quite distinct generically from Meta, Koch, I had some years ago separated them in MS. under another generic appellation ; but no opportunity having occurred for its publication, I was glad to find my views subsequently shared by Mr. Emerton, who, in his able paper on the North- American (or rather New England) Epeiride (Trans. Connecticut Academy, vi. 1884, p. 331), has shortly characterized the genus under the name Argyroepeira, giving the widely spread and abundant species A. hortorum, Hentz, as its type. ‘The true Meta has the legs usually stronger and more spiny, and the abdomen of a more sub- triangular form than in Argyroepeira, approaching more nearly the larger spiders of the subfamily Linyphiine, in the family Theridiide. (The palpi of the male in Argyroepeira approach those of Tetragnatha very nearly in structure, as well as those of Pachygnatha, | which, until recently, has always been placed in the Linyphiine.) Argyroepeira idonea, sp. n. Adult female, average length nearly 33 lines. The cephalothorax and other anterior parts are yellow, the extremities of the joints of the legs and of the falces as well as the sternum, maxillw, and labium more or less tinged with brown cr reddish yellow-brown. The normal indentations between the caput and thorax and the thoracic indentation are strong. The eyes are small, in the usual position; the four centrals form a square, whose anterior side is the shortest ; the hinder pair are separated from each other by an eye’s diameter, and from the hind laterals by at least two diameters. Those of each of the lateral pairs are placed a little obliquely, and contiguous to each other on a slight tubercle. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The falces are long and powerful, very much rounded, and prominent towards their base in front. The legs are moderately long and strong, furnished with hairs and a few fine spines, relative length, 1, 2, 4, 3. The mawille are rather long, broad, and divergent at their extremities. The dabiwm is rather less than half the length of the maxille, rounded at its apex, and has a strong transverse impression about the middle. The sternum is of a subtriangular heart-shape. The abdomen is of a subcylindric form, and projects well over the base of the cephalothorax, but its hinder extremity is vertical, and does not project at all over. the spinners. It is covered more or less with coalescing silvery spots or patches, showing a pattern of a dull greyish-black hue consisting of three longitudinal stripes on the upperside, the central stripe throwing off three oblique lines on each side. The sides also have a broad grey-black longitudinal stripe on each side, and on the underside the silvery markings merely indicate a nearly obsolete transverse curved bar. The genital process and aperture is small and inconspicuous, but characteristic in form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). ARGYROEPEIRA. 5 This spider is closely allied to A. hortorum, Hentz, but may be distinguished by the form of hinder part of the abdomen, this part in A. hortorwm when looked at in profile always projecting perceptibly over the spinners, while in A. zdonea it is simply vertical, the markings in A. hortorum being also more vivid; there is a good deal of a greenish- yellow tinge on the silvery parts, and the darker portions are much intensified in hue at the hinder extremity, being quite black in some examples. ‘The underside also has a very distinct V-shaped silvery marking towards the spinners, the space enclosed being quite black. There is also a difference in the form of the genital aperture in the two species. In other respects, both in colours and in the general character of the markings, they are very similar. Seven examples were captured by Mr. Champion in Chiriqui. Argyroepeira acuminata, sp. n. Adult female, length 43 lines. In general appearance, colours, and markings this spider closely resembles A. cdonea and A. hortorum, It may be easily distinguished from the former by the more protuberant form of the anterior portion of the abdomen, and the rather considerable prolongation of the slightly tapering posterior extremity over the spinners; the oblique dashes of sooty-grey, which divide the two longitudinal central silvery stripes on the upperside of the abdomen, are in the present species mere slender lines, and the silvery stripes on the sides are more distinctly defined; the silvery markings also, generally, are often much suffused with reddish-golden and greenish-yellow hues, and the underside has simply a narrow silvery edging or line. Most of these characters will also serve to distinguish A. acuminata from A. hor- torwm, in which the hinder part of the abdomen is much less prolonged, but more distinctly marked with black. The genital process and aperture are of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion). Several examples. These are on an average rather larger than the usual run of the specimens I have of A. hortorum, Hentz; but a difference of size can scarcely be relied upon asa specific character, except as the result of a comparison of a large series of specimens. Argyroepeira debilis, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. Cephalothorax short, but otherwise of ordinary form, and together with the falces, maxille, labium, and palpi of a pale yellowish hue. The colour of the legs is yellow-brown, and the sternum is of a deeper hue. The eyes are on black spots, and in the usual position, but more closely grouped than in some other species, the interval between those of the hind central pair being a little greater than that between each and the hind lateral eye next to it; in another example, however (not adult), the interval seems less, but as the example appears to have been when captured just about to moult, it is possible that the apparent position of the eyes is not the correct one, otherwise it would point to a specific difference in the two spiders. The height of the clypeus is less than the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. Falces moderate in length, prominent towards their base in front, and a little divergent towards the extremities. Legs. These appear to have been moderately long, but as they were greatly damaged, their actual length could not be ascertained; relative length, 1, 2, 4, 3. Mawille long, enlarged and rounded and divergent at their extremity. Labium somewhat rounded at the apex, half the length of the maxille, and strongly impressed transversely a little below the apex. 6 ARANEIDEA. Abdomen short, greatly elevated above, nearly globular, and greatly projecting over the base of the cephalo- thorax. Itis of a dull leaden-blackish hue, thickly spotted above and on the sides with small silvery spots, and along the middle of the hinder half is a double series of darker blackish spots arranged in five pairs, the two lines which they compose converging together a little as they approach the spinners. The underside is dark leaden-blackish, with a transverse band of similar spots to those on the upperside. The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous, but characteristic, but less thickly spotted. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Two examples of this spider were contained in Mr. Champion’s collection from Chiriqui. In its short form A. debilis comes near the typical Meta, Koch. Argyroepeira curta, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 13 line. The whole of the fore part of this small species (including the cephalothorax, legs, palpi, falces, maxille, labium, and sternum) is of a yellowish hue, the region of the leg-joints rather suffused with brownish. The eyes are rather compactly grouped together, and seated on black spots. The interval (in an adult example) between the central pair of the posterior row is slightly greater than that between each and the lateral eye of the same row next to it, while in an immature, but rather larger, example it is smaller. The height of the clypeus is less than the diameter of one of the fore central pair of eyes. The /egs are furnished with a few very fine spines; their relative length appears to be 1, 2,4, 3, but they are much damaged in the only adult example examined. The form and structure of the mawille, labium, and sternum are normal, and the falces are tolerably long and strong, and prominent near their base in front. The abdomen is rather short and stout, but of a subcylindrical form, a little elevated or prominent above at the posterior extremity, which falls vertically to the spinners. The ground-colour is a dull yellowish-drab, marked with the ordinary silvery markings of this group, and after very much the same pattern; or it might be described as silvery on the sides and upperside, marked along the middle of the upperside with a broadish, somewhat tapering, yellow-drab band emitting several short oblique bars directed backwards on either side, two or three of these being near the hinder extremity. On each side of the almost vertical extremity is a conspicuous, nearly round, silvery patch. On the middle of the underside are three conspicuous silvery spots or blotches forming a transverse, somewhat curved or open-square stripe, the open side directed backwards. The genital aperture is characteristic in form, but small, reddish-brown, and inconspicuous. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Argyroepeira fragilis, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 14 line. In form and general characters this spider is very like A. hortorum, Hentz, and some other closely allied species. It is, however, much smaller than A. hortorwm, and (unless the only example I have seen is an abnormally coloured one) much paler and less distinctly marked, though resembling it in pattern. The sides and upperside of the abdomen are densely silvery with a dull drab-yellow longitudinal central tapering stripe on the upperside, emitting three oblique lines of the same on either side, and a curved horizontal line of a similar colour on each side. The underside is dull drab-yellow, margined with a distinct silvery line which encloses the greater part of the space between the spinners and the genital aperture. This portion of structure is reddish-brown, tolerably conspicuous, and of characteristic form. The abdomen is subcylindric in form, the hinder extremity vertical. The colour of the whole of the fore part, including the cephalothorax, falces, legs, palpi, maxille, labium, and sternum, is a pale yellowish. The falces are strong and prominent at their base in front. ARGYROEPEIRA,.—TETRAGNATHA. 7 The mawille are long, nearly squarely truncate at their extremities, divergent, and more than double the length of the labium, which with the maxille and sternum are somewhat suffused with brown. The legs, 1, 2, 4, 3, are not very long, but moderately strong, and furnished with a few slender spines. Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers). A single example, in bad condition, but quite recognizable. Argyroepeira lepida, sp. n. Adult female, length 5 lines; length of cephalothorax rather over 14 line, of abdomen 33 lines. The cephalothorax of this fine and distinct species is yellow, with a broad longitudinal central band, and a narrower marginal border of rich bistre brown; the central band continues quite through the ocular area, and meets the marginal border round the clypeus. The eyes are in three groups, unusually separated for this genus; the central group form a small quadrangle, whose longitudinal is greater than its transverse diameter. Those of each lateral pair are rather widely removed from the central group, and are contiguous to each other. The legs are long, 1, 2, 4, 3, moderately strong, yellow, broadly annulated with dark yellowish-brown, armed with spines, apparently rather stronger than usual, though most of them are broken off near their base. The metatarsi and tarsi of the first two pairs are furnished with two or more longitudinal rows of numerous strong, rather spur-like, divergent bristles. The falces are shorter than the cephalothorax, very strong and massive, rather divergent, porrected, convex in front ; the profile regularly curved, dark yellow-brown, softening into yellow in front and on the underside. Maville two thirds the length of the falces, divergent, and of the usual form, dark yellow-brown with reddish- yellow inner margin. Labium less than half, but more than one third, the length of the maxilla, oblong, rounded at its apex, dark yellowish-brown ; the apex paler. Sternum reddish yellow-brown, paler along the middle. Abdomen long, tolerably stout, subcylindric, the upper part of the posterior extremity projecting a little in a subcaudiform manner over the spinners. It is of a dull drab ground-colour, thinly spotted with minute silvery dots ; at each corner of the fore extremity is a slight subconical prominence, from the inner side ot each of which a jet-black rather irregularly angulated stripe runs backwards to the posterior extremity, the band enclosed by these stripes being rather darker than the rest of the ground-colour ; the sides are also broadly, but irregularly, marked with black ; and the underside has a longitudinal central yellow-brownish band margined with an indistinct darker line on which, near the middle (on each margin), is an elongate black patch or large spot; on each side of this central band is a stripe of a paler hue spotted with small silvery spots. The genital aperture is small, not very conspicuous, but characteristic. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). ‘Two examples. TETRAGNATHA, Latreille. Tetragnatha cognata, sp. n. Adult female, length 4 lines; adult male, slightly over 2 lines. This spider is nearly allied to the common European and British form 7’. evtensa (Linn.), which it resembies very closely in general appearance, size, colours, and markings, as well as in the position of the eyes; but it may be readily distinguished by the much shorter and proportionally stronger falces in both sexes, which are also differently armed in the male, and in the form of the palpi and palpal organs of the latter sex. Falces of the male less in length than the cephalothorax, rather strongly bent and divergent, a little gibbous on the outer side towards the fore extremity, parallel to which on the upperside a short, moderately strong, curved, obtusely pointed tooth is directed forwards. The fang is about three fourths the length of the falx, evenly curved, and lies along between two rows of denticulations, cf which the two terminal ones on the upperside forwards are much stronger than the rest ; near behind the point of the fang, as it lies at rest, is a blunt tubercular prominence. The palpi of the male are not very long; the cubital is slightly shorter than the radial joint, and is a little 8 ARANEIDEA. nodiform. The digital joint is long. The palpal organs very much of the ordinary form common to this genus, with a twisted prolongation at their extremity, which reaches quite to the end of the digital joint. In the female the falces want the curved tooth towards the fore extremity of the upperside. Hab. Guatemata, Volcan de Fuego, Cunen, Santa Ana, Cahabon (Sarg). Several females and a single male were contained in Mr. Sarg’s Guatemalan collection. Tetragnatha guatemalensis, sp. n. Adult female, length 34-5 lines; adult male, 3-4 lines. This species is also very nearly allied to 7’. ewtensa (Linn.), but may be distinguished by the greater length of the abdomen. The curved denticulation near the upper fore extremity of the falces of the male is less distinctly bifid at its point. The fang also is shorter, and near, a little way behind, its point, when at rest, is a large obtuse tubercular prominence. The palpi and palpal organs of the male are also very nearly alike in the two species, but in the present one the radial joint appears to be proportionally rather longer, being at least double the length of the cubital joint. The legs are also longer, especially those of the first pair, and the abdomen of the female is of a more regular cylindrical form. Hab. Guaremata, Cahabon, Laguna de los Coheteros near Coban (Sarg, Champion). Both sexes were contained in the collections of Mr. Sarg and Mr. Champion. Tetragnatha tenuis, sp. n. Adult female, length 4 lines; adult male, 23 to a little over 34 lines. The whole of the fore part of this spider is a dull pale yellowish-brown; the abdomen is long, slender, cylin- drical, at least, or over, three times the length of the cephalothorax in the male and four times in the female; it is of a uniform dull yellowish-drab, tolerably thickly spotted above and on the sides with minute silvery spots; in one example there are traces of a longitudinal, rather darker band along the © upperside, with some deeper linear spots along its margins. The legs, which are of great length and tenuity, 1, 2, 4, 3, have at the articulation of the joints a slight brown suffusion. The spines are few and exceedingly fine. The eyes are in the ordinary position ; those of each lateral pair are distinctly separated by at least a diameter of the anterior eye. The falces are much shorter than the cephalothorax, bent, divergent, a very little gibbous on the outer side towards the anterior extremity, near which, on the upperside, is a moderate-sized denticulation, slightly bent near its obtuse or very slightly notched extremity; below this, on the inner side, is another (belonging, in fact, to one of the two rows within which the fang lies at rest) as long and strong, but straight and sharp-pointed. The fang is simply curved, and about three fourths the length of the falx; a little way from its point is a small protuberance. The palp2 (male) are rather short, the cubital and radial joints of equal length. The digital joint is moderately long ; and the main lobe of the palpal organs is rather large and prominent and extends halfway to the extremity of the digital joint, and the process issuing from the lobe is very nearly straight and reaches to the end of the joint. | The sexes are very nearly alike, though, as is usually the case, the legs of the female are not so long, and the falces of that sex are shorter and have no denticulation on the upperside of the fore extremity. Hab. GuatemaLa, Cahabon, upper road to Chichochoe near Coban (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Both sexes were contained in Mr. Champion’s collection from Bugaba, Chiriqui, and females in that of Mr. Sarg. It is probable that in the living examples green would be the preponderating colour in this, as well as in some other species, whose colours in spirit of wine are dull yellowish, or drab, or dull yellow-brown. TETRAGNATHA. 9 Tetragnatha longa, sp. n. | Adult female, length 4 to over 5 lines ; of cephalothorax 1-13, of abdomen 3-33 lines. Length of an adult male, 4 lines; of abdomen 3 lines. This spider is allied to 7’. tenuis, but may be easily distinguished by the cephalothorax being marked with four longitudinal brown stripes (a submarginal one on each and two near together along the middle; these last are rather irregular, and tend to run together into one). The eyes also of the lateral pairs are separated from each other by nearly as wide an interval as that which divides the fore and hind central eyes; the interval appears to be greater in the female than in the male. The eyes of the hind central pair are wider apart than each is from the hind lateral on its side, the fore centrals being nearer. together than each is from its fore lateral eye. The legs are very long and slender, 1, 4, 2, 3; their colour is greenish-yellow, the spines short and weak, and issuing from small obscure dusky spots. The faices less in length than the cephalothorax, moderately strong, divergent, but not excessively so, those of the male having a not very large, curved, tapering, not very sharply, but simply pointed denticulation directed forwards near the fore extremity on the upperside; besides this there are no other denticula- tions, excepting the two rows of much smaller ones between which the fang lies when at rest. The palpi of the male differ from those of 7’, tenuis, They are short; the cubital joint is shorter, though more than half the length of the radial. The palpal organs are of the usual general structure; the main lobe extends to half the length of the digital joint, and the terminal process is strongly twisted and its point projects just beyond the end of the digital joint. There is also a circularly curved, black, tapering spine at the fore part of the main lobe, the filiform ends of the spine threading as it were the twist of the terminal process. The abdomen is long, slender, and cylindrical; it is of an obscure greenish-yellow hue, thickly stippled above and on the sides with small silvery spots, and the upperside has an indistinct, dark, irregular marginal line on each side. The underside is blackish-brown. The sternum is also darkish yellow-brown, the mawille and labium only tinged with that hue. Hab. Guatemata, Polochic valley between Tucuru and Chamiquin, and Salinas de Nueve Cerros (Sarg). Tetragnatha tenuissima, sp. n. Adult female, average length 5 lines ; of abdomen 4 lines. Adult male, average length a little over 33 lines ; of abdomen slightly over 1 line. , The cephalothorax of this very slender and attenuated species is marked with some dusky-brown lines on the normal indentations, the ground-colour being yellowish with a brown tinge. The eyes of the lateral pairs are near together but not contiguous ; in other respects their position resembles that of 7’. longa. The legs are excessively long, 1, 4, 2, 3; those of the first pair are, in the male, at least three and a half times its own length. The spines are very short and slender; they are like the cephalothorax in colour. The palpi (of the male) are moderately long, very slender, similar in colour to the legs; the cubital is a little longer than the radial joint ; the digital joint is long, longer than the radial and cubital joints together ; the main lobe of the palpal organs does not reach halfway towards the end of the digital joint. The terminal process, twisted at its base, extends, in conjunction with a black spine, quite to the end, if not slightly beyond, the extremity of the digital joint. The falces are long, equalling in the female, exceeding in the male, the length of the cephalothorax ; they are rather slender, very divergent, strongly bent, enlarging towards their extremities, near which, on the upperside, is a long, strongly bent (almost hooked at its end) tooth, directed forwards, and with a pro- minent point near its extremity on the upperside, giving the end of the tooth a more or less strongly bifid appearance; on the inner side of this tooth is.a simple, straight, and not half so long a denticulation, and some little way behind it, rather on the inner side, is another, the latter strong, straight, or only very slightly curved, and sharp, directed inwards. These two articulations, in fact, belong to the normal two rows between which the fang is disposed when at rest; but they are here (as.in many other allied BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., July 1889. cf 10 ARANEIDEA. species of this genus) misplaced and exaggerated in strength. The fang is curved, as usual, but it is a little bent also in the middle. The mawille, labiwm, and sternum are yellow-brown. The abdomen is long, slender, cylindrical ; in colours, ornamentation, and markings it appears to differ little (at least in the preserved examples) from that of 7. longa, from which, however, this spider may easily be distinguished by the narrower interval between the lateral eyes, and especially by the far longer and differently armed falces, as well as by the length of the radial and cubital and digital joints of the palpi, and the structure of the palpal organs. Hab. GuatemaLa, upper road to Chichochoc near Coban, Tamahu (Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Tetragnatha pallida, sp. n. Adult female, length 43 lines; length of abdomen over 34 lines. Adult male, 33 lines; length of abdomen 23 lines. The whole of this spider is of a straw-yellow, the abdomen, which is rather duller in its hue, thickly stippled over the upperside and sides with small distinct silvery spots, with no trace (in the adults) of any darker markings whatever ; in two immature specimens (if, indeed, they belong to this species) there are some detached linear dusky spots, forming two longitudinal lines along the upperside, between which the colour is darker than the rest. This species is even of a more attenuated and delicate form than either 7’. tenuis, J’. longa, or T. tenuissima, from all which it may easily be distinguished by the great length of the digital joints of the male palpi, and the armature and length of the falces. The eyes of the lateral pairs are divided by very nearly an equal interval from each other as those of the fore and hind central pairs of eyes, so that the eight eyes form almost two concentrically curved rows. The eyes of the hind central pair are separated by an interval rather less than that which divides each from the hind lateral on its side, and the four cubitals form an almost exact square. The legs are of great length and tenuity, 1, 4, 2, 3, and armed with (some of them) rather longish black slender spines. The falces are, in the female, equal to or longer than the cephalothorax; in the male, considerably longer. They are bent, but not very strongly, slender (but shorter in the female), strongly divergent, cylindrical, enlarging, but not greatly, towards their extremity, on the upperside of which, close to the end and directed forwards, is a strong curved denticulation, whose basal half is stronger than the other half, which is sharp and unguiform. The normal two rows, along which the fang lies at rest, are rather close together and none of its denticulations near the anterior end are out of place or much longer than the rest. The fang is simply curved. The palpi are moderately long, very slender; the cubital is not quite so long as the radial joint; the digital joint is of great length, distinctly longer than the radial and cubital joints together ; the main lobe of the palpal organs (which is rather large and prominent) does not extend more than one third from the base towards the extremity of the digital joint, and the process issuing from the lobe is very long, slightly twisted but straight, and in connection with a long pale spine reaches very nearly to the end of the digital joint. The radial joint is furnished with some long, prominent, slender, pale hairs. The abdomen is attenuated and cylindrical, but a little tapering from in front backwards in the female; it is in the adult entirely devoid of markings, excepting a blackish suffusion at the spinners. It is over three times the length of the cephalothorax. It is very possible that in this, as in some other instances, the colour of the spider may in life be of some tint or other of green, but I have no information on this point. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Several examples. TETRAGNATHA.— EUGNATHA. 11 Tetragnatha tropica, sp. n. Adult female, length rather over 5} lines ; length of cephalothorax 1% line. The cephalothorax is of a reddish-yellow-brown hue with a broad rich brown marginal border, and convergent The The lines of the same hue met at the thoracic junction by two central longitudinal ones over the caput. eyes are in the ordinary position; those of the central group form a quadrangle whose longitudinal is a little less than its transverse diameter, and its fore side slightly shorter than its hinder one. They are all on black spots, and the intervals between those of the posterior row are equal; those of each lateral pair are near together, but not contiguous. legs are moderately long and strong, 1, 4, 2, 3; they are of a paler colour than the cephalothorax, deepening in hue at the joints, and armed with a few, not very strong, spines on all excepting the tarsal and metatarsal joints, and issuing from small dark spots. The falces are equal in length to the cephalothorax, strong, divergent, bent, and enlarged at the middle on the inner side; the denticulations of the two normal rows, between which the fang lies at rest, are numerous, not very strong, but subequal, and the upper row stops short about one third of the length of the falx from the articulation of the fang. The fang is powerful, only half the length of the falx, curved and a little bent near the middle. The colour of the falces resembles that of the cephalothorax. The maxilla, labiwm, and sternum are dark brown; the first have a yellow vitta along their inner margin, and The the last a narrow, central, longitudinal reddish-yellow streak. abdomen is rather more than three times the length of the cephalothorax. It is comparatively stout, subcylindric, rather abruptly compressed, and tapering from its middle backwards; it is of a dull leaden- blackish hue, covered pretty thickly above and on the sides with small silvery and greenish-golden spots ; along the upperside is a rather darker broad central vitta, with a somewhat boldly angular margin, and marked on its edges here and there with a dark suffused spot; several of these spots are more conspicuous just above the spinners, where the end of the abdomen is bluff and rounded. The underside has a long, rather narrow, dull blackish, longitudinal vitta from end to end. Hab. Guatemata, Menché (Sarg). A single example. This is a fine species, and will be easily determined by the colour and markings of the cephalothorax and other specific characters above detailed. EUGNATHA, Savigny. Eugnatha gracilis, sp. n. Scarcely adult female, length 5 lines; adult male, 4 lines. The whole spider is of a pale yellowish hue, the cephalothoraw slightly tinged with orange-brown, and at the articulations of the leg-joints is a slight suffusion of red-brown, and the upperside and sides of the abdomen thickly stippled with small yellowish-silvery spots. This is from the specimen preserved in spirit. Mr. Sarg’s description, taken from the same example in a living state, is: —“ General colour light lemon-green. Abdomen marked above with a broad band of silver spots (stippled), which give it a yellowish appearance; on either side of this is a line of Indian red, beginning uninterrupted at the fore | end and continued by six spots, the first four elongated, the last two close together at the hinder extre- mity. Below this line the green is more intense, forming an indistinct band, shading off into paler on the underside. Thorax pale lemon-green with the margins darker; falces semitransparent, teeth red; legs green, with red spines and red joints. A very beautiful Spider.” From this it will be seen how entirely the green, and even how the red markings have disappeared under the action of spirit of wine. Still it is necessary to describe its appearance in this condition to avoid misleading collectors who, having only preserved examples before them, might think the plain colours of these denoted either a natural variation or possibly a distinction of species. Q@. The cephalothorax is of the ordinary form. The eyes very small, on black spots; the central four form very nearly a square, the posterior side being slightly longer than the rest; the two eyes forming this side are the largest of the eight. The interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is greater than that between the hind and fore centrals, being about oT 2 12 ‘ ARANEIDEA. equal to that between those of the hind central pair. The height of the clypeus is nearly equal to half that of the facial space. The falces are of great length, moderately strong, subcylindrical, bent, and extended laterally almost at right angles with the caput. Fang about three fourths as long as the other part, and when at rest lying along it between two rows of moderately strong subequal denticulations. The legs are very long and slender, 1, 2, 4, 3, armed with long and slender spines. The palpi are rather long, slender, and armed (though sparingly) like the legs. The abdomen is long, quite twice the length of the cephalothorax, cylindrical, and scarcely differs in size throughout. The posterior extremity is obtuse, truncated vertically, and the spinners small and closely grouped immediately before the inferior side of the truncation. As the specimen is scarcely adult the genital process is not developed. The male resembles the female in general appearance; but its legs, especially of the first pair, are longer in proportion and more slender, the spines, however, being shorter and less strong. The falces are longer, less strong, and have at the anterior extremity, on the upperside near the articulation of the fang, a longer and rather stronger than the rest, curved, tapering, pointed denticulation. The length of the falces in this sex exceeds that of the cephalothorax; the simply curved fang also is propor- tionally longer, extending to nearly the basal articulation of the falx, at any rate exceeding three fourths, or even five sixths, of its length. The palpi of the male are moderately long, very slender; the radial joint is distinctly more than double the length of the cubital; the digital joint is as long as the radial, and the main palpal lobe extends distinctly less than halfway along the digital joint, but is continued to its extremity by a nearly straight, tapering process. The maaille and labium are normal in both sexes. The abdomen of the male is longer and slenderer than that of the female; in the latter it is about twice, while in the male it is about two and a half times the length of that of the cephalothorax ; but of course the length of that of the female will vary somewhat according to whether distended with eggs or not. Hab. Guatema.a, Cubilguitz, San Juan Chamelco (Sarg). The female was found at Cubilguitz and the male at San Juan Chamelco. AZILIA, Keyserling. This well-marked genus shows evident affinity with Meta on the Epeirid side, and Linyphia as approaching the Theridiide. The cephalothorax is longer than broad, the anterior part of the caput not more than half the breadth of the thorax ; caput rather elevated and very distinctly defined by a deep groove separating it from the thorax. The eyes unequal, in two curved rows at the upper extremity of the caput, the convexity of the curve directed forwards, but the anterior row shortest and most curved, while the eyes of each lateral pair are widely separated from each other. The legs moderately long, rather strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, armed with distinct but short fine spines. The mazille moderately long, slightly divergent, widening gradually to their extremities, which are slightly obliquely truncated. The labium broad, rather rounded at the apex, and about half the length of the maxille. The sternum heart-shaped, longer than broad. The abdomen large, oval, and projecting well over the thorax. Azilia guatemalensis, sp. n. Adult female, length from 3 to 44 lines ; adult male, 2+ lines. Cephalothorax pale yellow ; the caput, whose fore part is rather prominent, and the ocular area broad and sloping forwards, is deep bistre-brown, prolonged in a central, rather tapering band over the thorax, AZILIA.—MANGORA. 13 which has a broad well-defined lateral band on each side of a similar colour; in fact some specimens might be perhaps more correctly described as having the cephalothorax bistre-brown, with a longitudinal yellow band on each side of the median line of the thorax. The thorax is a little gibbous on each side towards the fore part, near the groove which separates it from the caput. The eyes are rather large, on black spots, seated on slight tubercles; looked at from above and behind they form a nearly semicircular figure, the posterior row forming the rather hollow or curved chord of the arc described by the anterior row. The four central eyes form a largish square whose anterior side is rather shorter than the rest. The interval between the eyes of the hind central pair, which are the largest of the eight, is greater than that between each and the hind lateral eye next to it, and the same relative position holds good also in respect to the fore central and fore lateral eyes. The four central eyes form a large square, whose anterior side is shorter than the rest. The interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is equal to that between the fore central pair of eyes. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The falces are rather long, tolerably strong, slightly divergent towards their extremities, and of a deep rich brown colour. The legs are broadly and distinctly banded with alternate rings of deep brown and yellowish. The length of the first pair is distinctly greater than that of the second. The maaille are deep brown, narrowly edged at their extremities with pale dull whitish ; and the /abzwm is of the same hues. The sternum is deep black-brown, with a longitudinal central, more or less perfect yellowish stripe. The abdomen is thickly marked and mottled with brown of different depths, yellow-brown, and white. In most examples the pattern is very obscure owing to the mottlings running into each other ; but in some a white longitudinal central stripe on the upperside, emitting short lateral ones at right angles with it, is visible, and at the extremities of these lateral stripes the somewhat larger and darker brown markings form an irregular longitudinal broken line on each side. The dark markings on the sides run into lines, some parallel-longitudinal, some oblique. The underside is deep brown, edged laterally with a line of white spots. The spinners are short, tolerably compact, the two inferior ones dark black-brown, the rest pale, with a blackish spot or blotch on the outer side. The abdomen immediately above the spinners has a largish, rather pale, somewhat subtriangular patch of a yellowish-white hue. The genital process is simple in form, and slightly prominent. The male resembles the female, except in being much smaller, the first pair of legs much longer in proportion ; and the spines longer and stronger. The palpi of the male are short, dull yellowish ; the cubital joint has a single longish, prominent, tapering bristle in front, and the humeral joint has a prominent point beneath the fore extremity. The palpal bulb is rather small; the palpal organs consist chietly of a large smooth corneous lobe encircled on their outer side by a black tapering spine whose filiform point is in contact with the extremity of the oval digital joint ; and at the base of the bulb (on the outer side) is a not very large, curved process, much like one found in a similar position in so many of the Theridiide. Hab. Guaremata, Gualebalix on the Rio Negro two leagues south of Salinas de Nueve Cerros, between Dolores and Chapallal, Encuentros de Boloneb, Senahu, Cahabon, Tamahu, Salama (Sarg) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Apparently an abundant species in Central America; most of the specimens received (in fact, all except one) are females. MANGORA, gen. nev. Nearly allied to Epeira. Cephalothorax longer than broad, tapering gradually to the fore extremity ; laterai constrictions at. caput very slight. Thorax very gibbous, and much higher than the caput; the profile sloping gradually from the highest part to the ocular area, the anterior portion of which projects a little. Clypeus narrow. 14 ARANEIDEA. Eyes closely grouped in four pairs at the extreme part of the caput, rather unequal in size; the hind central - pair the largest; they are in two curved rows whose convexities are directed away from each other, describing a regular, transverse oval figure. Legs not very long, 4, 1, 2, 3, those of 4, 1, 2 not differing much in length. They are armed with long, but not very strong spines. Falces short and rather weak, vertical. Mazwille short, rounded at the extremity, somewhat bent and inclined to the Jabium, which is short and very slightly pointed at the apex. Abdomen rather broadest behind, being somewhat drawn out before, and projecting greatly over the thorax. Mangora trilineata, sp. n. Adult female, length 13 to 2 lines. Cephalothorax brownish-yellow marked with three longitudinal deep bistre-brown lines, a central, and a sub- marginal lateral one on each side. The central line scarcely reaches the ocular area, and all three are plainly visible in all specimens, but not always equally strong. The legs, falees, maxille, labium, and sternum are similar in colour to the cephalothorax; in some examples the legs are of a rather brighter hue. The four central eyes form a quadrangular figure whose longitudinal diameter is greater than its transverse one, and its anterior side the shortest. Those of each lateral pair are seated very slightly obliquely, but contiguous to each other. The abdomen is of a yellow-brown ground-colour, with a longitudinal dentated band on the upperside, varied with black and deep yellow-brown ; this band is broadest on the hinder half (in some examples it is obsolete on the fore part), and some short lateral blackish stripes often connect the angles with an irregular longitudinal lateral black stripe, so that both the angles themselves, as well as the connecting and lateral stripes, are often scarcely visible, and sometimes obsolete ; but the ground-colour on the upperside and sides is spotted more or less densely with silvery spots, and this applies to all the examples I have seen. The underside has a few silvery spots on each side, but they are often wanting. It may thus be seen that the abdominal pattern is liable to much variation in respect to its completeness, but it is generally traceable, and characteristic enough for determination. The genital process is small, inconspicuous, and but ver; slightly prominent when looked at in profile. Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz, Cahabon, Chiacam, Tamahu, Chicoyoito (Sarg) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Numerous examples. Mangora picta, sp. n. Adult female, length 14 line ; adult male, very slightly over 1 line. In its form, colours, and markings this spider is exceedingly like M. trilincata, and the abdominal pattern presents the same variations. It is, however, a smaller spider. The hind central pair of eyes are rather larger and nearer together. The genital process of the female is very different, being conspicuous and prominent. The male resembles the female in colours and markings, but the spines on the legs are stronger. The palpi are very short, the cubital joint has a long, curved, tapering, filiform, pointed spine at its fore extremity. The palpal bulb is globular. The palpal organs are well developed and prominent, but not very complex, with a black tapering spine curved in a circular form beneath their anterior extremity. Hab. GuatTemaLa, Choctum, Cahabon, Chisec, Patexbatun, Cubilguitz, Chiacam, San Juan Chamelco, Tucuru, Senahu, Yzabal (Sarg). EPEIROIDES. 15 EPEIROIDES, Keyserling. The genus Epeiroides, established in 1884 by Count Keyserling ona spider from Bahia, appears to differ little from Epeira, excepting in the entire absence of spines from the legs, and in the somewhat more elevated form of the abdomen. This latter, it is probable, however, will be found to be only a specific character. It seems to bear to the genus Epeira about the same relation as Theridiosoma, Cambr., bears to Theridion; and indeed to come very near to the Theridiide, and to approach very close to Theridiosoma, which stands at one point of the departure of the Theridiide from the family Epeiride. Epeiroides fasciolata, sp. n. Adult male, length nearly 1 line. Cephalothorax rather short and broad, but of ordinary Epeira-form ; it is of a yellow-brown colour, the thoracic grooves marked by white lines, those following the division of the caput from the thorax continued a little way backwards on each side of the central thoracic indentation, marked by a dark red-brown patch, from which a dark reddish central line runs to the ocular area, which is also of a red-brown hue. The eyes are of moderate size, in the ordinary three groups, but not widely separated from each other, in fact they might be simply described as in two transverse curved rows, the four central eyes, seated on a pro- minence, being larger than the rest, though apparently themselves of about the same size; they form a square whose anterior side is slightly the longest ; the anterior eyes being about an eye’s diameter from the lower margin of the clypeus. The eyes of each lateral pair are contiguous to euch other, and seated on a tubercle. The falces are neither very long nor strong; they are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and very slightly directed backwards. The legs are moderately long, but not very strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, those of the second pair being decidedly longer than the fourth; they are of a red-brown hue, annulated sparingly with yellowish, or dull orange; and are clothed with fine hairs only, being totally destitute of spines or even bristles. Palpi short, yellowish ; palpal bulb red-brown, and of moderate size. The cubital and radial joints are very short, without enlargements or upophyses, with one or two fine bristles, and a few hairs. The digital joint is large; it has no curved process at its base on the outer side, such as in some form or other is usual in the genus Zpeira, and it has an ordinary clothing of hairs only. The palpal organs are well developed, but not very complex, with a somewhat toothed corneous process beneath their extremity. — The mawille are reddish-brown, pale at their extremities, and margined on the outer side with a distinct black line for about half their length. In the bent form of the maxille, which incline strongly towards the labium, this spider certainly approaches the Theridiide. The lJabium is very short, broad, somewhat angular at the apex, which is broadly pale, the rest being reddish- brown. The sternum is large, of a somewhat subtriangular heart-shape, and rather convexly prominent ; its “echonr 3 is yellowish- -white, edged with an irregular, rather suffused border of red-brown. The abdomen is rather large, oval, prominent or humped above towards the fore part, the highest poiiit marked with a small roundish prominence on each side ; its colour is yellow-brown, marked, but not very regu- larly, with red-brown and white markings; the fore part in front of the two prominences is spotted with red-brown, and has a few white spots and markings along the median line; behind the prominences are one or two transverse white broken lines, and behind these are two indistinct, angular, longitudinal red- brown lines converging towards the spinners, and including between their anterior extremities one or two white spots; the sides also are marked with some oblique broken lines of white spots and marks. The underside is of a uniform reddish-brown hue ; spinners of the same colour, very short and compact. Hab. Paxama, Bugaba (Champion). 16 ARANEIDEA. EPEIRA, Walckenaer. The large genus Epeira of Walckenaer has, since his days, been considerably curtailed; it still, however, as now recognized by most araneologists, includes a rather heteroge- neous mass of species. All seem to agree fairly well in regard to several leading generic characters, though in some the exact form of the cephalothorax diverges a good deal from the ordinary generic type. The portion of structure presenting the widest range of difference is the abdomen ; while, therefore, making no attempt here to sub- divide this genus, I have roughly arranged. the new species received from Central America according to the leading characters of the abdominal form ; this is, however, intended chiefly to narrow as much as possible the field within which collectors may have to search for the identification of species, for the mere form of the abdomen, certainly in this group, will scarcely now, I imagine, take rank as a good generic character. Epeira tetragnathoides, sp. n. Adult female, length 24 to 3} lines; adult male, slightly over 2 lines. Cephalothorax of ordinary form; colour brownish-yellow tinged with orange, bisected Jongitudinally by a tapering, somewhat irregular, black stripe, and with a narrow black margin. ; Eyes on black spots in the usual position ; the anterior pair of the central group (which forms a square whose hinder side is considerably the shortest) are larger than the posterior pair, which are almost contiguous to each other ; the anterior pair are close to the lower margin of the clypeus. The falces are strong, prominent in front, and like the cephalothorax in colour. The leys are long, slender, 1, 4, 2, 3, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and closely mottled and minutely spotted, chiefly in front, with black; the first two pairs also marked with a longitudinal black line in front of the femora, tibia, and metatarsi. The legs are furnished with hairs, slender bristles, and fine spines. The palpi are like the legs in colour and markings. The mazille and labiwm are also brownish-yellow blended with a deeper hue. The former are very slightly divergent, and a little longer than those of the typical Zpeira in form. The sternum is black-brown, marked along the middle with a broad brownish-yellow band. The abdomen is elongate-oval, projecting considerably and in a somewhat pointed form over the thorax and also behind a little over the spinners. The upperside is blackish-brown, marked on each side with a slender longitudinal wavy pale line, containing a series of small black spots; along the centre also are two parallel slender pale lines: all these lines converge towards both the fore and hinder extremities of the abdomen. The sides are closely mottled with yellowish, and each with a longitudinal blackish stripe which at the lower margin is white. The underside is black, bordered on each side with a broadish yellow-white band and with a short broad band along the middle just in front of the genital process, which is simple, short, and not prominent. A variety of this spider has the legs unspotted and unmarked, and the abdomen closely spotted all over-with yellowish-white points or minute spots; the upperside has a longitudinal tapering white stripe along its whole length, bordered on each side with pale brownish-yellow, and along the outer side of this colour is a row, converging towards the spinners, of distinct black spots. The underside has a broad longitudinal black band, which encircles the spinners on their anterior side, and has a broadish white band along its fore half, next to the genital process. The male resembles the female first above described. The palpi are short ; the cubital joint is somewhat angular in front, with two very long, strong, prominent, EPEIRA. 17 tapering, divergent bristles; the radial joint is obtusely produced on its outer side. Palpal bulb small; palpal organs well developed and rather complex, with corneous lobes, processes, and spines. Hab. Guaremata, Sachenmax, Sakiyac, and Cumbre de San Joaquin (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider has much of the general appearance of a Tetragnatha, and approaches Meta in the form of the maxille; but I am supported by Count Keyserling in my view that it should be included in the genus Epeira. The examples found by Mr. Sarg are females; and the one found by Mr. Champion is a male. Epeira illicita, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 to 43 lines. The cephalothorax is of ordinary form, of a yellow-brown colour, clothed with whitish hairs and pubescence, and marked with a somewhat three-pronged (or bird’s-foot) dark brown marking, the three toes of the foot directed forwards, the fourth backwards. The eyes are in the usual three groups; the four representing the central group form very nearly a square, those of the hinder pair (which are the largest of the eight) forming a line slightly shorter than the rest, and separated from each other by less than a diameter’s interval ; those of each lateral pair (which are contiguous to each other and seated obliquely on a small tubercle) are placed at the extreme outside of the caput, and widely separated from the central group. The fore centrals are on a slight prominence, and about half a diameter’s interval from the lower margin of the clypeus. The legs are tolerably long and strong, of a yellow-brown colour, paler towards the extremities, broadly annu- lated (one annulus at the fore extremity of each joint) with deep brown. They are clothed with short grey hairs, and thinly furnished with, not very long nor strong, blackish spines, each of which appears to have a central yellowish annulus. Their relative length is apparently 1, 4, 2, 3, those of the third pair being no more than half the length of the fourth, if so much. The palpi and falces, which present no unusual features, are similar in colour to the legs. The sternum is oval, sharp-pointed behind, hollow-truncate before, and of a deep yellowish bistre-brown colour. The maxille and labium are of a similar hue, broadly bordered with yellow; the labium is of a somewhat curviangular form at its apex. The abdomen is large, of an elongate, somewhat subcylindrical form, obtusely pointed both before and behind, where it projects considerably over the spinners in a somewhat subcaudiform shape ; it is of a dull whitish colour, marked on the upperside throughout its length with three long, rather narrow, brown stripes or bands, of which the central is the darkest and most conspicuous; it tapers to a point at each end, and is bordered on each side with a somewhat wavy white streak, which separates it from the lateral brown stripes ; a still more wavy white streak or line divides these latter from the irregular brown markings and lines on the sides of the abdomen. Near the middle of the upperside are four impressed blackish dots, forming nearly a square. A broad central longitudinal deep black-brown band runs from end to end of the underside. The spinners are short, compact, and of a yellow-brown colour, The genital process is prominent and characteristic, its main limb being tapering, sharp-pointed, and reversed, 7. e. pointing towards the sternum. Hab. Guatemata, between Dolores and Chapallal, Yzabal (Sarg). Examples of the female only of this very distinct species were found by Mr. Sarg. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., July 1889. vf 18 ARANEIDEA. Epeira intercisa, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines. Cephalothorax rather elongate, oval. Caput well drawn out in front, where it is rather narrow ; sides con- verging forwards. Colour yellow, with a marginal diffused border to the thorax and a narrow central longitudinal tapering stripe of blackish hue running back from the hind central eyes. The eyes are of moderate size and of a pearly colour, seated on black spots. The three normal groups are rather close together, so that the anterior eyes form a curved line whose four eyes are not far off equidistant from each other. The four centrals form a square whose posterior side is much the shortest ; its eyes are separated by nearly a diameter’s interval, while those of the anterior side are divided by more than two diameters. Each fore central eye is distinctly nearer to the fore lateral on its side than to the other fore central eye. The fore centrals are seated on a strong prominence, and each is placed on a somewhat diverging tubercle at one of its anterior corners. The falces are moderately long, not very strong, directed backwards, and of a pale yellow colour. The legs are long, moderately strong, 1, 2, 4, 3; those of the first and second pairs are very long. They are all similar to the falces in colour, pale yellow, and furnished with hairs and long spines. The palpi are short, similar in colour to the legs; the cubital joint has two very long, strong, tapering, promi- nent spine-like bristles in front. The palpal bulb is of moderate size; the palpal organs are not very pro- minent, highly developed, nor complex. The maxille; labium, and sternum are yellow, the latter rather narrow, with a narrow blackish margin. The abdomen is of a rather narrow-oval form, pointed in front, obtuse behind, and projects greatly over the thorax; the greater part of its upperside, almost to the lateral margins, is occupied by a large, oblong, dark sooty- brown area laterally margined by several largish, almost connected, black, elongate, spots, forming a some- what broken angular stripe on each side, with a narrow whitish line on its inner edge ; two other stronger but somewhat broken whitish parallel longitudinal lines bisect the upperside of the abdomen, leaving a central and lateral sooty-brown stripe on each side ; from each somewhat angular exterior prominence of the marginal black stripe above mentioned a row of black spots drops vertically over the sides into an irregular thinly marked longitudinal band of blackish markings, the ground-colour of the sides being dull yellowish spotted thickly with whitish-testaceous spots. The underside has a broad longitudinal black band, with a diffused white blotch in the middle. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is allied to E. tetragnathoides. Epeira laticeps, sp. n. Adult female, length very nearly 4 lines. Cephalothorax of a somewhat oblong form. Caput large, very broad, roundly raised above and on the sides ; sides rather divergent forwards, then parallel or convergent. Colour orange-yellow-brown. Clothed with greyish hairs. In one example the lateral margins, a large portion of the caput just behind the eyes, and a central bar from the hind central pair of eyes to the thoracic indentation, where it ends in a bifid form, are deep brown tinged with reddish. The eyes are small, in the ordinary three groups, widely separated from each other. The four central eyes form a square whose posterior side is considerably the shortest, the eyes composing this side being less than a diameter’s distance from each other ; the anterior pair appear to be the largest, and are separated from each other by a diameter’s interval. The eyes of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other, and placed obliquely. The height of the clypeus is almost equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The falces are very strong, long, and very prominent at their base in front; they are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and (in the variety above described) are strongly marked and suffused with deep brown. The legs are rather short, tolerably strong, of a reddish-orange-yellow colour, furnished with hairs and spines ; the latter most numerous on the tibia of the first and second pairs. The maaxille and labium are reddish-orange-brown tipped with a paler hue. Sternum browner. The palpz are like the legs in colour and armature, the spiny part consisting more of strong bristles than spines. EPEIRA. 19 The abdomen is oblong-cylindric, well rounded at its posterior extremity, which projects rather over the spinners. The sides and upperside are of a blackish hue, with an oblique whitish stripe towards each lateral margin converging towards the spinners, which, however, it does not reach ; from the hinder half of this stripe, on each side, several whitish stripes fall vertically over the sides, and along the middle of the area included between the two lateral stripes is a white longitudinal somewhat dagger-shaped tapering band, bisected longitudinally by a strong black line or stripe ; on the middle of the upperside are six or eight small rust-red spots in two longitudinal lines or three or four pairs. The underside is yellowish or brownish-yellow, with a large blackish central patch. Spinners short, compact, and of a brownish-orange colour. The genital process is large, deep blackish-red-brown, and prominent; the epigyne is short, broad, somewhat bluntish subtriangular at its extremity, and transversely rugulose (in one example this portion les parallel to the surface of the abdomen, in the others it is only slightly directed backwards). Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A very handsome and distinct species. Epeira cylindrica, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 to 4 lines; adult male, slightly over 23 lines. 2. Cephalothorax longer than broad. Caput nearly as broad as the thorax ; sides almost parallel ; occiput rather raised and well rounded, and sloping forwards to the ocular area ; height of the clypeus equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The colour is a brightish orange-brown, with a submarginal border, which crosses over behind the lateral eyes and meets the central group, and also a longitudinal central stripe and two oblique ones (along the junction of the caput and thorax), of a dark red-brown ; these markings are obsolete in some examples. The cephalothorax is covered thinly with fine whitish hairs. The eyes are in the ordinary three groups and seated on tubercular prominences. The hind central eyes are separated from each other by no more than half an eye’s diameter, those of the fore central pair (which are largest of the eight) by a diameter’s interval. The four central eyes form a square whose posterior side is considerably the shortest. The eyes of each lateral pair are very small, contiguous, and somewhat obliquely placed. The legs are rather strong, not very long, 1, 2, 4, 3, of the same colour as the cephalothorax, clouded in parts, or, rather, broadly but indistinctly annulated with darker reddish-brown, and this is generally only visible on those of the third and fourth pairs. The legs are armed with spines, most numerous and strongest beneath the tibie of the first and second pairs. Falces strong, moderately long, prominent at their base in front, straight, vertical, and varying in colour from orange to dark orange-red-brown. Mawille dark reddish-yellow-brown, and pale whitish at the extremity. Labiwm darker in colour than the maxilla. Sternum dark yellow-brown. Abdomen cylindrical, and produced at its hinder extremity rather considerably over the spinners ; the fore extremity projecting over the thorax. It is of a dull greyish-drab in the spirit-preserved specimens (but Mr. Sarg says in his notes that it is of “a peculiar shade of purplish-yellow ” in the living spider), striped longitudinally on the upperside with four white stripes, and marked with six small impressed red-brown spots in three pairs, or two longitudinal lines. A broad longitudinal black band, strongly bent towards its posterior extremity, occupies each side ; there are also some black markings at each end of the upperside, and a broad transverse black band across the underside just behind the genital process, which is oval, convex, of a deep reddish-bistre-brown colour, slightly rugulose transversely, and with a narrow transverse aperture behind. Spinners short, strong, compact, and of a brownish-orange-yellow colour. The male resembles the female in general characters and colours as well as markings in the immature state, put in the adult the abdomen is marked on the upperside with three longitudinal blackish lines or slender stripes, the intervening space being of a whitish drab. According to Mr. Sarg, “ the abdomen is yellow- ochre, with three longitudinal sharp brown lines.” The dark submarginal border and other markings of the cephalothorax are more richly coloured and more conspicuous than in the female. The spines on the legs are also stronger, and there is one stronger than the rest at the fore extemity rather on the inner side of the tibiee of the second pair, with another similar one a little way behind it and beneath the joint. Df 2 20 ARANEIDEA. The first two pairs of legs are considerably the strongest, and the second pair is much longer than the fourth. The eyes of the hind central pair are almost contiguous to each other. The palpi are short ; the palpal bulb is large ; the palpal organs are prominent, tolerably complex, with spines and corneous processes; and the digital joint has a strong, deep, black-bistre-brown, curved, tapering, but obtusely pointed, corneous process at its base on the outer side. Hab. Guatemata, Saviexptr, between Dolores and Chapallal, Cahabon (Sarg). Females and immature males, and one adult male, were found by Mr. Sarg near Dolores and at Saviexptr; females also at Cahabon. Count Keyserling thinks this species should be placed in the genus Nephila; but after careful consideration it seems to me not to differ generically from Epeira, and to lack the chief characteristics of Nephila. Epeira passiva, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. The cephalothorax has the thoracic portion much elevated, with a long slope to the eyes and a very abrupt posterior slope; its colour, as also that of the falces, legs, palpi, sternum, and labium, is a bright orange- yellow, the tibie and tarsi in some examples being slightly clouded with dusky. The cephalothorax is bisected by a dusky blackish longitudinal line, which is strongest near the hind central eyes. The eyes are of moderate size, in three well, but not very widely, separated groups, forming a narrow trans- verse-oval figure, removed from the lower margin of the clypeus by scarcely a fore central eye’s diameter. The four central eyes form a square, the hinder pair being slightly the largest ; the eyes of each lateral pair are very small, contiguous to each other, and seated a little obliquely on a small tubercle. The legs are rather short, tolerably strong, tapering, and armed, chiefly on the tibie and metatarsi, with longish strong black spines. The relative length of the legs is apparently 1, 2, 4, 3, but the difference is not very great. The sternum in some examples has a dusky blackish border, and the maaille and labiwm are sometimes suffused with the same hue. The abdomen is of a rather elongate-oval form, somewhat bluntly pointed at its fore extremity, which projects greatly over the thorax. It is of a yellowish-brown colour above and on the sides, and of a paler hue underneath ; the upperside has a long, somewhat oblong-shaped longitudinal black marking, reaching from near its fore extremity (where it is somewhat pointed) to a little above the spinners, where it is truncated. Near the fore extremity of this black marking are two rather long, slightly curved, oblique, divergent or opposed, white stripes, and behind this, towards the spinners, are one or two transverse pairs of white spots. In one or two examples the black marking is bordered with white spots or broken patches ; in some others the black marking is of a dark yellow-brown, bordered and crossed transversely with black. The sides of the abdomen are marked more or less conspicuously with irregular longitudinal white and black markings ; and on the underside, on each side near the spinners, is a small bright white spot. The spinners are short, compact, black, and immediately above them is a series of transverse folds of the epidermis, decreasing in size to almost a point; close above them the last three of these folds look like a sort of segmented flap or continuation of the abdominal cuticle. The genital process is very small and inconspicuous. Hab. GuatEMALA, Cahabon, San Juan Chamelco, Tactic, on the upper road to Chi- chochoc, Laguna de los Coheteros, Coban (Sarg). Specimens in Mr. Sarg’s Guatemalan collection are labelled as from Cahabon (spinning a circular web on bushes), Coban, San Juan Chamelco, and other localities above mentioned. A note of Mr. Sarg’s says: “The cephalothorax burnt-sienna-red, legs the same ; abdomen burnt-sienna with a large patch of sepia down the centre, the markings on this Roman ochre ;” this shows how little the colour of specimens preserved in spirit can be depended upon. All the examples received are females. EPEIRA. 21 Epeira bimaculata, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 lines; adult male, 1 line. The whole of the fore part, including the cephalothorax, falces, sternum, maxillw, labium, legs, and palpi, is yellow tinged with orange; in the female the tibiae of the fourth pair of legs are broadly annulated with dark orange. A dusky blackish line bisects the cephalothorax longitudinally, and is least marked in the male. The legs are moderately strong, and armed with longish black spines; their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3, that of 4,1, and 2 not differing much. The thoracic portion of the cephalothorax is consi- derably raised or gibbous, and the hinder slope, therefore, correspondingly steep. The eyes are in the usual’three groups, well separated, but not greatly so. The four central eyes form a trapezoid, whose longitudinal is greater than its transverse diameter; the hinder pair of the trapezoid are the largest, edged with black, and almost contiguous to each other; the anterior pair are close to the lower margin of the clypeus, seated on a slight prominence, and separated from each other by about half a diameter; those of each lateral pair are smallest, contiguous to each other, and seated obliquely on a slight tubercle. The abdomen of the female is oblong-oval, obtusely pointed in front, and projecting greatly over the base of the cephalothorax; it is of a dull drab-yellow or light yellow-brown colour, marked on the upperside and sides with numerous small white cretaceous-looking spots; on the upperside towards the spinners are two longish oblong parallel dark brown spots or blotches, one on each side of the median line, broadly margined on their outer side by the white spots above mentioned, and both in front of and behind these brown blotches are faint indications of other brown spots along the middle of the abdomen, but forming no traceable pattern. On each side of and behind the two blotches the abdomen is strongly suffused with orange. The spinners are short, compact, of a dull orange-brown colour, and on each side of them the abdomen has a conspicuous white spot. The genital process is conspicuous, rather prominent, of a brownish- orange colour, edged with deep black-chestnut, Hab. GuateMALa, between Petet and Chicoyoito, Cahabon, Quirigua (Sarg) ; Panama, Veragua (Loucard). This spider is nearly allied to E. passiva, but may easily be distinguished by the size and disposition of the four central eyes, as well as by the form and structure of the genital process. The male resembles the female in colours and markings, though the large brown blotches on the abdomen of the latter sex are, in the male, each broken up into two or three smaller ones, and are almost jet-black, being thus very conspicuous. The palpi are short, exhibiting no very marked peculiarity. The cubital joint is furnished with a long, prominent, tapering bristle. The palpal bulb is rather small ; the palpal organs are well developed, not very complex, and have two tolerably conspicuous, slightly curved, dark spines—one at their fore extremity, and one on the outer side. In this sex the first and second pairs of legs are longer than the fourth. From Mr. Sarg’s notes it seems that preservation in spirit has rather destroyed the markings of, at any rate, one of the females. He says: ‘“ The cephalothorax is pale reddish-brown, covered with whitish hairs; legs yellow-ochre, the 3rd joint [? tibie | burnt sienna banded with dark ‘sepia ; abdomen pale yellow-brown, with a brown band and numerous brown marks down the centre, and yellow-ochre beneath, with a broad black band to the spinners.” He also remarks that the cocoon is complex, consisting of five connected angular sacs, each covered with knob-like processes. 22 ARANEIDEA. In the form of the cephalothorax and some other characters, this spider and E. pas- siva (p. 20) are closely allied to the two species of Mangora (supra, p. 14, Tab. III. figg. 5, 6, 7), with which I should have coupled them had it not been for the strong opinion to the contrary of Count Keyserling. Epeira graphica, sp. n. Adult male, length rather over 13 line. Cephalothoraw of ordinary form; caput moderately broad, prominent at the middle in front, the sides nearly parallel; the colour is yellow, with a large wedge-shaped deep brown area, including the upper part of the caput, the ocular area, and reaching to the thoracic indentation, where it ends in a point. The eyes are in the usual three groups; those of the central group are rather large and prominent, though apparently not differing much in size, but the hinder pair form a line less in length than the anterior pair, whose eyes are about half a diameter’s distance from the lower margin of the clypeus. The falces are moderately long, not very strong, yellow, with a black spot at the base in front towards the inner side. The legs are tolerably long, moderately strong, 1, 2, 4,3; the femora are blackish, but pale yellow at the base, the genua blackish, the rest of the legs annulated with blackish and pale yellowish, the first and second pairs tinged with brownish. They are furnished with hairs and a few not very strong spines, the latter mostly on the tibiee of the first and second pairs. The palp: are short, yellowish, the digital joint dark yellow-brown; palpal bulb of fair size; palpal organs prominent, not very complex, with a pale, curved, projecting corneous process, obtusely truncated at the end, at their extremity. The sternum is of a rather narrow-oval form, yellow, with a black longitudinal central marking. The abdomen is a regular oval, a little constricted across the middle (unless this is due to shrinking in spirit of wine) towards the margins of the upperside; on each side is a longitudinal, slightly indented,.white streak or stripe, edged on each margin with black, most conspicuous at the fore extremity, and fining off indistinctly at the hinder parts, and within this at the anterior end there is on each side of the median line (which is occupied by a short, bright white central tapering stripe) a jet-black spot, interrupted in the middle, but continued quite to the fore edge of the abdomen; from the point of the central white stripe towards the hinder extremity are some small ocellated whitish-yellow spots, followed by some narrow obscure transverse blackish-brown bars in a longitudinal series ; the ground-colour of the upperside of the abdomen is brownish, the underside being black. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Epeira gregalis, sp. n. Adult female, length from 33-42 lines. Cephalothorax rather oblong-oval. Caput broad and well rounded above, the sides very nearly parallel. Colour yellow-brown, the caput entirely rich dark yellow-brown and glossy, and the thorax margined narrowly with brown, and some converging lines of the same colour on the sides following the normal grooves. The eyes are small and in the usual three groups. The four central eyes form a square, whose posterior side is much the shortest, and its eyes are almost contiguous to each other, those of the anterior side being on strongish tubercles. The falces are rather long, powerful, and very prominent and rounded in front towards their base. They are directed rather backwards, and are very glossy, and similar in colour to the caput. The legs are short, strong, 1, 2, 4, 8. They are of a yellowish-brown colour, paler on the femora, furnished with hairs and spines ; the latter not very conspicuous. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature, the humeral and cubital joints the palest, like the femora of the legs. The maville, labvum, and sternum are dark yellow-brown, the two former tipped with yellowish-white. The abdomen is of an exact oval. Its colour is dull yellowish-white, covered, but not densely, with hairs; a EPEIRA. 23 strong zigzag or dentated longitudinal black stripe on each side converges towards, but does not reach, the spinners; these stripes are strongest at their anterior extremity, where they also converge to a point just at the fore margin of the abdomen, and enclose a strongly and distinctly dentated band, broadest at the shoulders, and thence gradually narrowing backwards; the band is bisected longitudinally by a more or less continuous black stripe, strongest and most distinct at the anterior extremity, and it also contains three pairs of distinct dark reddish-brown spots in two longitudinal parallel lines of three each. The sides have an indistinct longitudinal stripe of fine blackish lines, and numerous rows of black spots running parallel to each other, and a little obliquely backwards from the dentated bars on the upperside. The underside is indistinctly marked with blackish. The genital process is reddish-yellow-brown, prominent, and of a very characteristic form ; its anterior portion is broad, obtuse, and bifid, or notched, and its posterior side has a small blunt prominence in the middle, the lateral extremities are also split. Hab. Panama, Veragua (Boucard). This spider bears a considerable resemblance to Zilla atrica, Koch. Epeira incerta, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. Cephalothorax oval, of ordinary form. Sides of caput converging forwards, the caput itself rather narrow in front. Colour dull pale yellow-brown, with an indistinct central longitudinal darker stripe from the bind central pair of eyes backwards. The eyes are small and in the usual three groups, which are, however, not so widely separated as in many other species, owing to the caput there being narrower. The four central eyes form a square, whose posterior side is the shortest, and the eyes composing that side are almost contiguous to each other ; those of the anterior side are more than a diameter’s distance from each other, and less than that interval from the lower margin of the clypeus. Those of each lateral pair are seated a little obliquely on a slight tubercle, and not quite contiguous to each other. The falces are short, strong, vertical, and very prominent near their base in front ; their colour is yellow-brown, paler at the extremities. The legs are moderate in length and strength, 1, 2, 4, 3. They are of a brownish-yellow colour, the femora of the first three pairs strongly suffused with dark brown, the rest of the joints annulated with deep black- brown. They are furnished with rather long greyish hairs and spines. The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, and furnished with hairs and slender bristles. The mawille, labium, and sternum are yellow-brown, the two former paler at the extremities. The abdomen is short-oval, nearly as broad as long, and very convex above. It is of a pale yellow-brown colour, with a yellowish furcate marking in the median line of the anterior extremity, the forked part directed backwards; on the hinder half is an oblong darker area, faintly traced by darker lines, and the sides are marked by a longitudinal irregular dark blackish marking. The underside has a broad central, longitudinal yellowish band running backwards from the genital process, but not reaching the spinners ; the inferior spinners are black-brown, the rest paler brown. The genital process is characteristic, but not very large, it is prominent, dark yellow-brown, with a very small pale sinuously bent prominent epigyne. It is probable that other specimens of this spider would be found to have a much more decided pattern and colouring than the only example examined, which, however, sufficiently shows the distinctness of the species by the above-mentioned structure of the process and epigyne. Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers). Epeira fragilis, sp. n. Adult female, length a little over 1} line. Cephalothorax short ; thorax circular, the sides of the caput, which is very short, converging forwards. The whole of the anterior portion of the spider is pale yellow, with a white blotch at the occiput, immediately in front of the thoracic indentation. 24 ARANEIDEA. The eyes are very small and in the usual three groups. The four centrals form a square, whose anterior side is very slightly the shortest, and its eyes largest, seated on black spots, and very close to the lower margin of the clypeus. The laterals are contiguous, seated on a tubercle, and parallel to the lateral margin of the caput. The falces are short, moderately strong, vertical, and prominent at their base in front. ; The legs are of moderate length, not very strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, or 1, 2, 4, 3, furnished with hairs and a few not very strong spines. The extremities of the metatarsi and tarsi are tinged with rusty-reddish. The abdomen is large, nearly globular, but distinctly broader than long. The upperside and sides are of a uniform cretaceous-white. The underside tinged with dull yellowish. The genital process is prominent, yellow-brown and dark brown, and of a very characteristic form, presenting a somewhat cruciform shape, with a small epigyne directed forwards and upwards. The mawille are broad, and the sides appear to be nearly straight, slightly divergent, and angular at their extremity on the outer side, and the Jabium is short and of an oval (transverse) form. The form of these parts, especially of the mawill, departs so much from that of the generic type that it is questionable whether Z. fragilis ought not to form a new genus more nearly allied to Meta. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This little spider bears a very Theridion-like appearance. Epeira helvola, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines; adult male, 2% lines. Q. Cephalothorax nearly circular at the thorax, the sides of the caput converging forwards. It is of a yellow- brown colour, the oblique indentations between the caput and thorax broadly marked with a darker hue, the caput (and perhaps the rest) clothed with grey hairs, and with a pale patch at the occiput. The eyes are on black spots and in the usual three groups. Those forming the central group describe a square, whose anterior side is slightly the shortest, and the eyes of this side are smaller than those of the posterior side; the height of the clypeus is nearly equal to about a third of the facial space. The eyes of each lateral pair are seated, a little obliquely, on a tubercle. The falces are vertical, and moderate in length and strength, of a yellow-brown colour, a little clouded in front with a darker hue. The legs are short, moderately strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, of a dull orange-brown colour, indistinctly annulated with a darker hue, and armed with hairs and spines. The maaille and labium are dull yellowish, and the sternum is yellow-brown, marked with whitish converging lines from the insertions of some of the legs to the middle. The abdomen is oval, broadest in front; from each shoulder a blackish dentated line, margined outside with white, runs backwards, the two converging towards the spinners, but stopping short of them; the space included by these lines is of a dark brown or blackish colour finely mottled with paler points, and has a diamond-shaped figure formed by white spots at the centre of its fore part, followed backwards by several other white spots in a longitudinal row down the middle. The sides are densely marked with small white points, and have some irregular blackish markings. The underside, including the spinners, is black, mottled down the middle of the anterior portion with whitish points, and with a short curved white band ending posteriorly in a white blotch on each side of the fore part, with one or two more white spots on each side near the spinners. The genital process is strong, prominent, and characteristic ; it has a very slender, sinuously curved, prominent epigyne at its fore part. The male has the markings on the cephalothorax more distinct, and (as is usual in this sex) the central part of the ocular area is more prominent, and the clypeus narrower. The legs, particularly the first and second pairs, are longer and stronger, and the spiny armature more powerful. The greater portion of the femora, especially of the first and second pairs, is entirely dark yellow-brown. The falces are long, rather weak, and of a dark yellow-brown colour. The palpi are short ; the cubital joints have a short, black, strongish, cylindrical spine or bristle in front at the fore extremity (I should have thought that these might have been long tapering bristles broken off, but for their both being exactly of the same length and not appearing to have been fractured). The EPEIRA. 25 radial joints are greatly produced on the outer side. The digital joint has its hinder extremity prolonged by a strong, curved, tapering, obtusely ending process. The palpal bulb is large, and the palpal organs prominent and complex, with some strong spines and corneous processes at their extremity. The abdomen is similarly marked to that of the female, but more distinctly so. Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Jforrer). This spider in the abdominal pattern reminds one much of £. wmbratica, Clk. Epeira solersioides, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines. The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a pale yellow colour, excepting part of the tibis of the first and second pairs of legs, which are yellowish-brown (from the appearance of the specimen, however, it had not long attained maturity, and therefore the true colours were probably not yet developed). In general form and appearance it is very like a scarce variety of the common European (and British) Z. solers, Walck., but may be distinguished by differences in the structure of the palpal organs, as well as by much shorter legs and a different spiny armature, especially on the femora of the first and second pairs. The eyes differ slightly in position from those of #. solers, the fore central pair forming a rather longer line in proportion to that of the hind centrals. The legs of the first pair have the femora (besides a few other spines) armed in front with three longitudinal rows of spines, the outer row most numerous and regular, but not the strongest; on the femora of the second pair there is only one row, towards the outer side; the tibiz of the second pair are rather incras- sated, and armed with stronger spines. The palpi are short ; the cubital joint has two long, strong, tapering, prominent bristles in front. The palpal bulb is not very large, the palpal organs well developed, not very complex, with corneous lobes and pro- cesses, one of which ends on their outer side, at the extremity, with a short pointed claw-like spine. The abdomen is short, broad, oval, blunt-pointed behind ; its colour is brownish, closely mottled with yellowish- white cretaceous-looking spots above and on the sides. On the fore half of the upperside almost the whole area is occupied by a subtriangular white marking, the angle directed forwards, and divided into four quarters by a dark-brown cruciform figure; following the outer margin of this white area and con- verging towards the spinners are, on each side, several black spots, and traces of transverse brownish bars ; a patch underneath, just in front of the spinners, is sparingly covered with small white spots. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Epeira expleta, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. In general form and structure this spider is of the normal type. The colour of the cephalothoraa, falces, sternum, maxille, and labium is deep rich black-brown, the two latter having their extremities margined with yellow. The caput and sides of the thorax are thinly clothed with greyish hairs, The eyes do not differ greatly in size; they are placed on tubercles in the usual three groups; the posterior pair of the central group are much closer to each other, and so form a much shorter line than the anterior pair; the four form a square whose hinder side is the shortest. The legs are moderate in length and straight, 1, 2, 4,3; they are of a yellowish colour, annulated with deep brown, the femora being almost entirely of the latter hue, and are furnished with hairs and a few spines. The palpi resemble the legs in colour. The abdomen is of a short, broad, roundish-oval form, very like that of the European £. solers; its upperside is a dark drab-brown, completely surrounded with a broad marginal black band, the inner edge of the fore part dull yellowish, and irregular, or deeply indented all round. On the hinder half is a central broad, dentated, slightly tapering, black band, the points of the denticulations on either side being continued as BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., August 1889. ET 26 ARANEIDEA. oblique lateral stripes joining in with the black marginal band. The underside is black, and the spinners dark brown. The genital process or epigyne is of characteristic form, slender, prominent, and curved. Hab. Guatemata, Senahu in Vera Paz (Sarg). A single example. Epeira detrimentosa, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 23 lines; adult male, very slightly over 1 line. In size, form, colours, and general appearance this spider is very like the common European Epeira agalena, Walck., to which it is evidently closely allied. In the female (and, indeed, in the male also) the anterior side of the quadrilateral figure formed by the four central eyes is distinctly longer in proportion to the posterior than in EZ. agalena, in which these eyes form as nearly as possible a square; and in the male of the present species the palpal bulb (i. ¢. the digital joint and palpal organs as a whole) is very much smaller than that of EZ. agalena, and the palpal organs are of quite a different structure. The only male contained in Mr. Sarg’s collection may have been abnormally small, but it is not half the size of the smallest E. agalena I have ever come across. The genital processes in both species are remarkably similar. A pretty variety of the female has the whole of the upperside of the abdomen pale dull yellow (when alive of a pale creamy-green, vide Mr. Sarg’s notes), with the sides and underside of a nearly uniform reddish- brown, paler in the middle, with no pattern or markings visible. Hab. Guatemaua, between Petab and Chicoyoito, Chilasco (Sarg), Antigua (S¢ol/). The male was found between Petab and Chicoyoito, near the river; several females at Antigua; the variety of the female mentioned above, at Chilasco; and a female at Magdalena, near Antigua. Epeira fecunda, sp. n. Adult female, length 24 lines: some examples are rather more, some rather less. Adult male rather smaller than the female, but, like her, varying somewhat in different examples. This spider belongs to the ZH. cornuta, Clk., group. Its cephalothorax is yellow-brown, the thoracic inden- tations and a central longitudinal line on the caput marked with a deeper hue. The eyes are in the usual three groups; those of the central group form nearly a square, whose posterior side The is shorter than the anterior, its eyes being almost contiguous. legs are rather short, 1, 2, 4, 3, moderately strong, tapering, furnished with hairs and spines, and (together with the falces, palpi, mawille, labiwm, and sternum) of a yellow-brown colour. The abdomen is of a short-oval or somewhat heart-shaped form, and projects considerably over the base of the cephalothorax. A broad central longitudinal deep blackish-brown band extends from end to end of the upperside, tapering to the spinners; this band is angulated on the lateral margins, each of the prominent points being generally marked by a small spot or blotch, and is bisected longitudinally by a more or less conspicuous white stripe, pointed in front, then enlarging, and thence tapering to a sharp point poste- riorly (in most specimens, however, this stripe is almost obsolete, being much obscured with blackish and running into a black line, excepting at the fore extremity, where the white is usually conspicuous). The rest of the upperside is whitish mixed with black points, mostly arranged in oblique lines, the white predominating at the anterior extremity. The sides and underside are dark blackish-brown, sometimes tinged with yellow-brown, and in some examples two longitudinal parallel bands are visible on the under- side. The genital process is characteristic, though not very large; it is of an obtuse and somewhat transverse oval form. Tn the male the two anterior pairs of legs are longer than those of the female, and the spines on the tibix are EPEIRA. 27 stronger. The palpi are very short, the palpal bulb not large; the cubital joint has a long, curved, tapering black bristle in front, and one less strong is on the front of the radial joint. The palpal organs are well developed, prominent, and moderately complex, several pointed processes being directed a little outwards in front. Hab. GuateMata, generally distributed (Sarg). Numerous examples (mostly females), from many localities, appear to show that this is a very abundant species in Guatemala. On one specimen Mr. Sarg notes that the abdomen is black with large blotches and markings of rose-carmine: no rose-carmine is visible on any I have examined; this hue must therefore have entirely disappeared since the immersion in spirit of wine. Epeira bivariolata, sp. n. Adult female, length 3-34 lines ; mate, immature, 33 lines. The whole of the anterior portion of this spider is yellow. The legs in one example of the female (and still more strongly in the immature male) have a broad red-brown annulus at the fore extremity of the femora, tibiz, genua, and metatarsi; they are furnished with numerous short and not very strong spines, whose basal portion is black and their points pale yellowish. The relative length of the legs (which are mode- rately long and strong) is 1, 2, 4, 3. The eyes are in the three usual groups; those of the central group form a square whose posterior side is the shortest, and the eyes of this square are about equal in size; the height of the clypeus rather exceeds the diameter of the fore centrals. The abdomen is subtriangular, and blunt-pointed at the fore extremity; it is of a pale yellowish hue, covered with minute whitish cretaceous points, and furnished with pale hairs and bristles. At the hinder extre- mity are two circular, corneous, rather raised, shining spots or prominences, each encircled with a yellowish- white ring. The size of these spots seems to be variable, and in two examples the spots are small and jet- black, in another large and yellow-brown. On each side of these spots, following the lateral marginal line of the abdomen, and extending halfway to the fore margin, are four oblique narrow pointed oval dark dashes, also (faintly) margined with yellowish, and having a corneous appearance; in two examples these dashes are scarcely traceable. The genital process is very simple, small, not prominent, but directed backwards. Hab. Guatemata, Chamiquin, Chiacam, Cubilguitz (Sarg). In the immature male the two shining black spots on the abdomen are larger and more prominent, the yellowish annuli encircling them showing out more vividly by the surrounding surface being black, the four oblique black, narrow, pointed, oval spots being also much larger, more conspicuous, and distinctly margined with white, and just on the inner side of each of the two anterior ones is another much smaller one of the same kind; the upper surface of the abdomen in this example is of a whitish- yellow, and of a somewhat coriaceous appearance, without hairs or bristles (perhaps rubbed off). Of this example Mr. Sarg says:—‘“ Thorax, legs, and lower part of abdomen orange, verging on light burnt-sienna; on the abdomen, sharply outlined, bright green, metallic when caught, bordered anteriorly by a narrow white line, posteriorly by ten black ocelle with clear white margins.” This, again, shows how ET 2 28 ARANEIDEA. little the preserved specimens can be relied upon in respect of colouring, that portion which in life was shining green having changed to a dull whitish-yellow. Epeira sargi, sp. n. Adult female, length 32 lines. Cephalothorax brownish-yellow, the caput and parts of the thorax thickly clothed with white hairs, a large patch on each side of the thoracic indentation dark brown. Legs spinous, yellow, distinctly annulated with black, the yellow portions thickly clothed with white hairs. Sternum black, with an irregular central longitudinal yellow stripe. « Abdomen subtriangular, rather roundish, pointed in front, strongly and subconically prominent at each shoulder. Its colour is bright yellow above, with five large irregular black markings, two in front between and leading from the inner side of the summit of each conical prominence, two about the middle, and one forming a vertex behind of a Y-shape; the anterior as well as the posterior black markings are connected with the black underside, which is strongly and irregularly emarginate all round, where it joins the yellow of the upper part. On the middle of the underside are four yellow spots (of which the two hinder ones are the largest) forming very nearly a square. The genital process is not very strong nor conspicuous; the epigyne connected with it is pale coloured, slender, tapering, and of moderate length, nearly straight, directed backwards, and slightly bent at the end. Hab, GuatEMALA, Chilasco (Sarg). A fine, very distinct, and handsome species. Epeira habilis, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 to 33 lines. This spider belongs to the £. diademata, Clk., group, and its general form needs no particularization. The cephalothoraw is of a deep brown colour, with a large, somewhat diffused patch of a pale dull yellowish hue on each side of the median line of the thorax. The legs are yellow, the tibie rather indistinctly annulated with brown, the femoral joints as well as a portion of the femora more or less strongly suffused with the same hue. The strongest and deepest coloured annulus is at the hinder extremity of the tibie of the fourth pair; these latter are furnished with hairs and a few inconspicuous spines. The eyes are in the usual three groups, and seated on tubercles; those of the central group form a square whose posterior side is shorter than the rest. They do not differ much in size, but those of each of the lateral groups, which appear to be the smallest, are contiguous to each other and are placed obliquely. The clypeus retreats a little, and its height is much less than half that of the facial space. The falces are moderate in length, but powerful ; they are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and per- pendicular to the caput. The mawille, labium, and sternum are like the falces in colour, the two former margined with pale whitish-yellow. The palp: are similar in colour to the legs. The abdomen, which is large, oval, broad, and projects considerably over the thorax, is of a yellowish-white colour, and somewhat cretaceous in appearance. The whole of the upperside is margined with a broad deep brown band very irregularly edged on the inner side, and a conspicuous longitudinal band of the same hue, and rather tapering form, occupies the middle of the hinder half of the upperside, its hinder extremity coalescing with the marginal band before noted; the exterior margins of the central band are deeply but obtusely indented, and are bordered with a white, or nearly white, line, and a little way in front of the band is a transverse row of four black spots, the two middle ones widest apart and representing two of the normal indentations or points of internal muscular attachment, two others of the same kind, but smaller and much closer together, being placed rather more than halfway between them and the marginal band at the fore extremity of the abdomen. The underside of the abdomen is similar to the mar- ginal band in colour, and just behind the genital process are two pale yellowish blotches placed transversely, and of a roundish, or, sometimes, somewhat diamond form. The genital process is of a pale hue, and very EPEIRA. 29 much resembles that of £. diademata in its form. In one or two examples, the exterior one on each side of the black spots above noted forms the last of a lateral series of four or five conspicuous deep brown spots, each margined with white, and the series converging towards the spinners. In the typical example these spots are apparently merged in the central band. Hab. GuateMata, Chilasco Mts., Coban, Magdalena near Antigua (Sarg). Mr. Sarg obtained specimens of this species from flowers. Epeira ocellata, sp. n. Immature female, length 2 lines. Although not adult this spider presents so very marked and characteristic a pattern on the abdomen that I am induced to describe it as a distinct species. It is of the ordinary form belonging to the Z. diademata group. The whole of the fore part is yellow; the legs annulated, but not very distinctly, with dark yellow-brown, the metatarsi and tarsi only tinged with it at their fore extremities. The legs are tolerably strong, but not very long, 1, 2, 4, 3. Spines few and inconspicuous. Abdomen subtriangular, of a dull drab hue ; from near the fore part on each side two rows of four or five very distinctly defined ocellated spots converge towards the spinners ; these spots are oval, black, and encircled with a pale yellowish border, outside which a black ground runs through the row; from each of these spots a row of others, decreasing gradually in size, runs obliquely downwards over the side of the abdomen, those spots also being more or less distinctly ocellated. The large triangular space between the two rows on the upperside is occupied by whitish-yellow curved or oblique markings, forming, however, no very definite pattern. Spinners short, compact, yellow-brown. The eyes are small, subequal, and in the usual three groups; those of the central group form a square whose posterior side is shorter than the other three; the eyes of the posterior side are the largest, and are separated by less than a diameter’s interval. Hab. GvUATEMALA, Cahabon (Sarq). Epeira aculifera, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. This spider belongs to the Z. cornuta, Clk., group. The cephalothorax is yellowish-brown, with a rather darker central longitudinal broken line, and a deep brown oblique dash on each side along the grooves, where the caput and thorax unite, and it is clothed with whitish hairs. The eyes are in the usual three groups ; those of the central group are on a prominence, and form a square, whose posterior side is slightly shortest, the anterior pair being an eye’s diameter from the lower margin of the clypeus, and the posterior pair the largest. The falces are dark yellow-brown, moderately powerful, and vertical. The legs are short, moderately strong, clothed with grey and other hairs, armed with spines, some black, others pale whitish. Their colour is yellow to yellow-brown, irregularly annulated with dark brown; relative length 1, 4, 2, 3. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. The mawille and labiwm are blackish-brown tipped with whitish, and the sternwm is of the same colour, bisected longitudinally by a broad but ill-defined pale band, and clothed with grey hairs. The abdomen is of a subtriangular form, rounded in front, obtuse behind, and has the upperside of a greenish- white hue, the larger portion being occupied by a broad yellow-brown band which tapers from the fore margin to the spinners, and has its sides defined by a sharply dentated black-brown line on each side. Within this area is a longitudinal dagger-shaped whitish-yellow marking, double-crossed at the anterior extremity. The sides appear to be marked with some irregular oblique brown stripes. The underside has its central portion blackish, and marked with four whitish spots forming a square. Spinners normal, and of a dark brown hue. The abdomen is clothed with greyish hairs, and has a few prominent dark and pale bristles on the upperside. The genital process is characteristic and prominent; from its fore 30 ARANEIDEA. side a slender epigyne bends a little over it, and has its very fine thorn-like extremity directed almost perpendicularly downwards. This portion of its structure will serve to distinguish Z. aculifera easily from all its near congeners known to me. Hab. Guatemata, southern slope of the Volcan de Fuego (Sarg). Epeira mobilis, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. In size, form, colours, and general characters of the markings this spider closely resembles the common and well-known European and British Epeira acalypha, Walck. It may, however, be easily distinguished by the following characters :—The cephalothorax has no marginal black border (I have examined numerous English examples and not found one yet in which this is absent), The spines on the legs are much longer and stronger. The parallel oblique black stripes on the sides of the abdomen, so constant and regular in the European form, are quite irregular in HZ. mobilis. The underside of the abdomen has also only one white spot, just in front of the genital process, while in the European spider the underside of the abdomen has its lateral margins also marked with a strong broken white stripe or series of spots. The genital process also in the two forms differs slightly but distinctly. The pattern on the upperside of the abdomen in E. modzlis consists of an undivided central longitudinal black stripe flanked on each side of it, over the hinder half, with another parallel to the central stripe (in most of the European forms the central stripe becomes broken and irregular over its posterior half); this character, however, may perhaps be found to vary in EZ. mobilis on examination of a series of specimens. Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer) ; Guatemaa, Motagua valley, Chicoyoito (Sarg). An example found at Chicoyoito on bushes and another from the Motagua valley were contained in Mr. Sarg’s collection. It has also been found in Mexico by Mr. Forrer. Epeira lineatipes, sp. n. Adult female, length 14 line ; adult male, 13 line. The whole of the fore part of this small spider is pale yellow, with two converging black lines on the cephalo- thorax indicating the indentations between the caput and thorax, and meeting at the thoracic junction, and longitudinal black lines in front of the first and second pairs of legs; three lines on the femora, one on the femoral and tibial joints. The sternum also has some dusky marginal spots opposite the insertion of the legs, and there are two or three short longitudinal black lines on the basal portion of the falces. The eyes are in the usual three groups, somewhat closely placed together; the four centrals form a square, and the posterior pair are light amber-coloured, and larger than the anterior pair, which are placed almost close on the lower margin of the clypeus. The legs are of tolerable length and strength, 1, 4, 2, 3, yellow, with a slight suffusion of reddish-brown at the anterior extremities of the tibie. They are furnished with hairs and a very few fine spines. The abdomen is of a short-oval form (or subtriangular), being broadest before and pointed behind, and dull colour, closely mottled with white ; a tolerably regular white dagger-shaped marking runs along the middle of the upperside ; and on each side a longitudinal row of a few black spots converges to the spinners ; a few irregular white markings are on the underside. The genital process is characteristic, not very prominent, but with a small prominent recurved epigyne. In the male the ocular area is more prominent, and the black lines on the caput and legs more complete and conspicuous. The spines on the legs are also numerous, long, and rather strong, especially on the tibic of the second pair. The palpi are short, the cubital joint has two strong prominent tapering black bristles in front, the radial joint is strongly and angularly prominent on the outer side, and the palpal bulb is of moderate size. The palpal organs are prominent, well developed, and furnished with lobes, corneous points, and spines. EPEIRA. 31 The upperside of the abdomen of the male has a strongly, though rather irregularly indented or angular black line on each side converging to the spinners, giving somewhat the appearance of a longitudinal series of triangular marks, decreasing in size as they approach the spinners. The fore extremity of the abdomen is transversely spotted with lines of small black spots, and the sides are marked with slightly oblique black lines and other similar markings. Hab. Guatemata, road between Retalhuleu and Mazatenango, Santa Ana (Sarg), Guatemala city (Champion). Epeira rufipes, sp. n. Adult female, length 43 lines. Cephalothorax of ordinary form, the sides of the caput converging forwards, and black, continued in a tapering band to the hinder part of the thorax, the rest of the thorax orange-red. The eyes are very small; the four centrals form a rectangle, rather longer than broad, the anterior pair dark coloured, edged with yellow, larger than the posterior pair, and separated from the lower margin of the clypeus by a diameter’s interval. Laterals seated slightly obliquely on a small but prominent and distinct tubercle, and nearly contiguous to each other. The falces are short, powerful, roundly prominent in front, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The legs are short, strong, orange-red, clothed with hairs, and with a very few slender spines, 1, 4, 2, 3. The maaille, labium, and sternum are similar to the legs in colour, the two former tipped with pale whitish. The abdomen is large, subtriangular, almost as broad in front as long, and projects greatly over the thorax ; it is of a whitish hue above and on the sides, with traces of darker markings, but none distinct, nor any traceable pattern (very probably these have been obliterated in course of preservation). The underside is blackish, with three not very distinct white blotches, one in the median line just in front of the genital aperture, and another on each side just behind the spinners, which last are short, compact, and black. The genital process is small and inconspicuous, though characteristic ; the epigyne is small, sinuous, some- what spoon-shaped, diaphanous, and directed backwards parallel to the surface of the abdomen. Hab. Guatemaa, Sabo in Vera Paz (Champion). In spite of the evident loss of colour and pattern on the abdomen, the colour and markings of the cephalothorax, the colour of the falces and legs, &c., with the form of the genital process, will serve to distinguish this spider without difficulty. Epeira latebricola, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. Cephalothorax dull brownish-yellow, with a large deep brown nearly central area, embracing the anterior portion of the thorax and the hinder part of the caput. The eyes are in the usual three groups; the four centrals form a square whose anterior side is slightly longest. The eyes of the anterior side are, if anything, a little less in size than those of the posterior; they are separated by an eye’s diameter from the lower margin of the clypeus. The falces are rather long, moderately strong, vertical, of a yellow-brown colour marked or suffused longi- tudinally with brown. Legs moderate in length and strength, 1, 2, 4, 3, brownish-yellow, broadly annulated with deep brown, and furnished sparingly with hairs and a very few fine spines. Palpi similar to the legs in colour and armature. Mazille and labium yellowish-brown, broadly tipped with pale yellowish. Sternum pale yellow, bordered with yellow-brown. Abdomen large, and of a somewhat spade-shape, broad and truncate before, rather pointed oval behind. It projects greatly over the cephalothorax, and has a hollow under the middle of the fore part to receive the thorax. This portion of the abdomen is black, and its width here is nearly equal to the length. The upperside of the abdomen is almost wholly occupied by a whitish area clouded in parts with brownish- 32 ARANEIDEA. yellow, beginning nearly the whole width in front and gradually tapering to a small breadth a little above the spinners. The margins of this area are marked with an indistinct white angulated line whose prominent points are indicated by elongate black spots. The sides are black, marked with several parallel slightly oblique rows of more or less coalescing white spots. The hinder extremity of the abdomen is bluff, and a little way above the spinners is a quadrate black patch edged with yellowish ; the underside is yellowish-brown mixed with black, and there are two white spots in the longitudinal median line just in front of the genital process, which is small, but prominent, and of a deep blackish-red-brown colour. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider in the form of its abdomen bears much resemblance to Cyrtarachne. Epeira nephiloides, sp. n. Aduli female, length 5 to 8 lines. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, clothed with greyish hairs and pubescence, the fore part of the caput and an irregular marking along the centre being of a deep bistre-brown. The eyes are rather small and placed in the usual three groups; those of the central group form a square, and are seated on a tubercular prominence; the height of the clypeus rather exceeds a diameter of one of the fore central eyes, which are almost as large as the hind centrals; those of each lateral pair are seated obliquely on a tubercle, but are not quite contiguous to each other. The falces are powerful, vertical, and of a dark brown hue. The legs are moderate in length and strength; relative length 1, 4, 2, 3. The femora and two basal joints are reddish-orange, the remainder being of a yellowish colour, broadly annulated and sometimes suffused with deep bistre-brown. They are clothed with greyish and other hairs, and armed, but not thickly, with small black spines. The palpi are yellow, the radial and digital joints brownish-black. Mazille and labiwm deep black-brown, edged at their extremities with yellow. Sternum similar to the labium in colour. Abdomen large, of an elongate subtriangular shape, rounded before and obtuse at the hinder extremity, which projects somewhat over the spinners; the outer margin of the upperside is marked with an irregular black line, strongest towards the posterior extremity, the enclosed space being pale yellowish, thickly mottled with whitish cream-coloured spots of different sizes, and (in one example) mixed with black in the interstices near the middle and hinder half. The sides and front are yellow-brown, the former marked with an elongate black patch towards the spinners, and with some vertical whitish stripes or dashes. The underside has a large area, square in front, rounded behind, of a jet-black colour margined with bright cream-white. The spinners are large but short, compact, and of an orange hue. The genital process is small, roundish at the base, and has a pale, slender, elongate, tapering sinuous epigyne directed backwards. In some examples the whole of the upperside of the abdomen is of a uniform whitish-yellow, irregularly margined with black; and in another there is a broad longitudinal central space suffused with red-brown. Of this last example, found at Cubilguitz, Mr. Sarg says:—‘The cephalothorax is burnt-sienna, the caput distinctly marked, covered with fine white hairs. Legs bright burnt-sienna towards yellowish, fourth joint to the end black, covered with black hair; between the joints white hairs, giving a greyish appear- ance to the legs. Abdomen emerald-green, closely dotted with minute golden-chrome-yellow spots, over all a very fine cellular network of dark lines; down the centre is a dark-brown mark, sides chocolate-brown ; below orange, with a deep black band from the genital aperture to the spinners; just above the spinners, on either side, is a black velvety patch. Spinners burnt-sienna. Sternum black.” From this description it will be seen that the main difference in the preserved specimens is the loss of the emerald-green colour of the upperside of the abdomen. Hab. Guatema.a, Dolores, Cubilguitz, Menché, Panzos (Sarg). From Panzos we have received an immature female; from Dolores an adult female, EPEIRA., 393 of which Mr. Sarg gives a very similar description to that of the one found at Cubil- guitz; and from Menché adult females. Epeira purpurascens, sp. n. Adult female, length 8 lines; adult male, length 5 lines. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown, clothed, but not thickly, with greyish hairs, from some of which the surface (apparently) gets purple tints in some lights. The eyes of the central group are seated on a slight prominence, and form a quadrilateral figure whose posterior side is much shorter than the anterior; the eyes forming the posterior side are much smaller than those of the anterior, and are separated from each other by only about half a diameter’s interval. Those of each of the lateral pairs, which are smallest of the eight, are seated obliquely on a small tubercle, and are not quite, though almost, contiguous. The height of the clypeus is about equal to the diameter of a fore central eye. The falces are strong, vertical, similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and clothed with greyish hairs. The leys are rather long, strong, relative length 1, 2, 4, 3, of a dark yellow-brown hue, clothed with hairs, of which those on the tibia have a reddish hue, the rest dark, mixed with grey; they are also armed with spines, which, however, are neither very strong nor conspicuous. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. The maaille and labium are dark yellow-brown, with pale whitish margins at their extremities, and the sternum is of a similar hue. The abdomen is large, subtriangular, rounded before and obtuse behind; on the upperside and sides it is of a rich chocolate-brown, clothed thinly with long reddish bristles, and divided longitudinally by a central tapering yellowish stripe, reaching from end to end, and which has two somewhat lozenge-shaped enlarge- ments towards its anterior extremity. The underside is orange, clothed with reddish hairs, and with a large, black, central triangular area, whose posterior angle, close to the spinners, is truncated. The spinners are short, compact, and of a dark yellowish-brown colour. The genital aperture, which is of characteristic form, is furnished with an exceedingly long slender epigyne, bending sharply over from its fore extremity and, running parallel to the surface of the abdomen, reaches with its sharp point the base of the inferior spinners. The male differs in several respects from the female. The caput is much drawn out before, the eyes being on much stronger prominences, though their relative sizes and positions are similar. The falces are long and slender, directed backwards and much bent inwards below their base. The legs are yellow-brown, partly annulated with yellowish, and their spinal armature is much stronger and more conspicuous, the colour of the spines being mostly pale yellowish with bistre-brown bases. The tibize of the second pair are bent and much enlarged on their inner sides forwards, where the spinal armature is very strong, some of the spines being black. The palpi are short; the palpal bulb is of enormous development; the palpal organs are very prominent and complex, but no description would avail for their satisfactory comprehension, which can be obtained only from accurate figures. Hab. GuatTeMaLa (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Both sexes of this fine and distinct spider are contained in the collection made by Mr. Champion at Bugaba, Chiriqui. An adult female is also in Mr. Sarg’s Guate- malan collection, but I can find no special note as to its locality. Epeira gravabilis, sp. n. Aduli female, length 3 lines. Cephalothoraw rather short and broad, but otherwise of normal form. Colour yellow-brown, with darker markings behind the ocular area and also along the normal grooves and indentations; the sides of the caput, which is very short, converge forwards. Eyes in the usual three groups. The four centrals form a small square, or trapezoid, perhaps a trifle longer BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., August 1889. ET 34 ARANEIDEA. than broad ; the posterior pair of eyes are larger than the anterior, which last are separated from the lower margin of the clypeus by an eye’s diameter. The eyes of each lateral pair are almost contiguous to each other, and are placed in a parallel line to the lower margin of the caput. The falces are strong, vertical, prominent near the base in front, and of a dull yellowish hue. The legs are short, 1, 4, 2, 3, or 1, 2, 4, 3, moderately strong, of a brownish-yellow colour, faintly annulated with yellow-brown, mostly so near the anterior extremities of the femora. They are furnished with hairs and spines, but most of them are rubbed off, though, judging from what remain, the spines are not very long nor strong, nor very numerous. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. Mawille and labium yellow-brown, tipped with pale yellow. Sternwm brownish-yellow. The abdomen is large, short heart-shaped, or subtriangular, a little broader in front than long, somewhat sub- angular before as well as behind, and projects greatly over the thorax. At the broadest part in front there is a slight subangular prominence on each lateral margin at the shoulders, and close behind it, on each side, a sharply dentated deep brown line runs backwards towards the spinners, where the two lines converge and almost unite. The triangular area included between these dentated lines is dark yellowish- brown, the rest of the upperside and sides being of a dull hue closely mottled with whitish cretaceous spots; in the middle of the most prominent part of the anterior extremity is a large white spot. The sides have some broken blackish markings, and the underside, which is of a dull brownish colour, has two white blotches, one on each side of the median line, halfway between the frontal process and the spinners. This process is prominent and characteristic in form, and has a slender, sinuous, transversely rugulose epigyne directed horizontally backwards over its aperture. Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). This spider belongs to the Z. angulata, Clk., group. Epeira rufa, sp. n. Adult female, length 4 lines. This fine species is of the EZ. angulata, Clk., group. The cephalothorax is of a brownish-orange-red colour, clothed with fine greyish hairs. The eyes are in the usual position ; those of the central group form as nearly as possible a square, whose pos- terior side may be very slightly longer than the anterior; the eyes forming the posterior side are of an amber colour and are larger than the others, though nearer together. The height of the clypeus is about equal to the diameter of one of the fore centrals. The falces are powerful, vertical, and similar in colour and clothing to the cephalothorax. The legs are moderately long and strong; they are of an orange-brown colour annulated with yellow, the extremities being reddish-bistre-brown ; their relative length is, 4, 1, 2, 3, though the difference, if any, between 4 and 1 is very slight. They are armed with not very strong spines, and clothed with greyish and other hairs. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, markings, and armature. The sternum is similar to the cephalothorax in colour, but of a deeper hue towards the margins, and clothed with greyish hairs. The mawille and labium resemble the falces in colour, but are paler at their extremities. The abdomen is large, subtriangular, projects well over the base of the cephalothorax, and is produced at its fore extremity on either side into a strong, pointed, conical eminence. Its colour is a uniform brownish- yellow tinged with reddish, and darkest in front. It is clothed with fine greyish pubescence, and has a few dark bristles and hairs. Between the spinners (which are strong, short, and compact) and the genital aperture are two large cream-white blotches in a transverse line. The genital process is large, prominent, and of an obtuse transverse shape, with an epigyne of a short, broad form, rounded at the extremity, and directed a little backwards over its aperture; its colour is a shining rich brown-black. Hab. GuaTEMALA, between Petet and Chicoyoito (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Cham- pion). EPEIRA. 35 This spider was found in a crevice in a wall between Petet and Chicoyoito, near the river; and Mr. Sarg has the following note upon it:—‘‘Cephalothorax brown, a mixture of burnt-sienna and purple-madder, covered with fine grey hairs; central pair of eyes yellow; legs and palpi burnt-sienna banded with sepia; abdomen like the thorax, across the highest ridge more pure burnt-sienna, and behind this wavy irregular transverse lines of the same; underneath pale sepia, with two yellow-ochre spots between the spinners and the fore extremity.” It was also found at Bugaba, Chiriqui, by Mr. Champion. _ Epeira hoxea, sp. n. — Adult female, length a little over 4 lines. Cephalothorax of ordinary form. Sides of caput parallel. Caput rather broad, and the middle of the ocular area considerably drawn out or prominent, the hinder part of the area of the central group of eyes being rather raised above the rest of the caput. The colour is pale yellow, the fore part of the caput strongly suffused with rusty-reddish-brown. A central longitudinal dark red-brown line, with an enlarge- ment on each side about the middle of the caput, runs back from the hind central eyes to the thoracic indentation, where it is enlarged into a conspicuous angular blotch; there are also some slight brown markings along the oblique indentations between the caput and thorax. The eyes are small, in the usual three groups; the central group forms a square, whose posterior side is much shortest, and its eyes separated by more than a diameter’s interval; those of the anterior side separated by nearly twice the diameter of one of its eyes, which are also separated from the lower margin of the clypeus by rather more than a diameter. The eyes of each lateral pair are seated on a small tubercle, contiguous to each other and parallel to the lower margin of the caput. The falces are tolerably long and powerful, of a pale yellow hue, and slightly directed backwards. The legs are not very long nor strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, of a pale yellow colour, annulated and marked with rusty- reddish-yellow-brown. They appear to have been clothed with hairs and armed with spines, of which, however, few remain. The palpi are tolerably long, and similar to the legs in colour and markings. The mawville and labium are yellow-brown, tipped with pale yellowish. The sternum is yellowish, with a strong longitudinal central yellow-brown band, which sends off some short spurs on each side to the insertions of the legs. The abdomen is large, subtriangular, but rounded both before and behind; at each shoulder is a sharpish conical nipple-like prominence, followed on the same side, backwards, by two other similar ones, making a lateral row of three on each side; also at the hinder extremity, at the beginning of the posterior declivity, are five other prominences of about the same size, four in the form of a diamond and one in the centre, the hinder prominence being the smallest. The general colour is whitish-yellow, with a broad, central, longitudinal, deeply dentated, reddish-yellow band; the sides are marked indistinctly with whitish and reddish-yellow-brown, vertical, narrow stripes, and the underside is indistinctly marked with yellow- brown, whitish, and rusty, and has two white blotches, in a transverse line, a little way behind the genital process. This process is not very large, of a reddish-yellow-brown colour, and is prolonged backwards by a rather strong, transversely rugulose, yellowish epigyne, which enlarges a little near its sharp point, the enlargement being dark brownish-red. Hab. Panama, Tolé (Champion). It is probable that the only example examined had lost colour and pattern by preservation; but the number and position of the nipple-like prominences on the abdomen, as well as the form of the genital process and epigyne, will easily serve to distinguish this spider. FT 2 36 ARANEIDEA. Epeira consequa, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. Cephalothorax broad-oval ; caput broad, truncated before, the sides subparallel, or rather converging forwards, flattish on the upper surface, but the sides rather gibbous. The thorax is reddish-yellow-brown in colour, the caput deep brown, and the whole is clothed with short grey hairs and pubescence. The eyes are in the usual three groups. The central group seated on a prominence, the hinder pair on a strong, prominent, geminated, pale yellowish-brown tubercle. The eyes of this group form a square, whose anterior side is slightly the shortest, and the eyes composing it are rather smaller than the posterior pair, which are of a dull amber colour. The height of the clypeus is nearly half that of the facial space. The eyes of each lateral pair are very small, apparently almost equal in size, seated on the outer side of a slight tubercle, separated from each other by at least half a diameter of the anterior eye, and placed not obliquely but parallel to the lower margin of the caput. The falces are long, strong, rather prominent at their base in front, very slightly inclined to the maxille, of a yellow-brown colour, suffused with deep brown towards their extremities, and clothed with grey hairs. The legs are rather short, not very strong, 1, 2, 4, 3; they are rather paler in colour than the cephalothorax, annulated with deep brown, and furnished with hairs and spines, the latter not very long nor strong, and mostly of a pale hue. The maville, labium, and sternum are yellow-brown, the two former broadly tipped with pale yellowish- white. The abdomen is large, broad-oval, projecting greatly over the thorax; at each shoulder, or fore corner on the upperside, is a strong, blunt-pointed, or very obtusely-conical hump or prominence, and on each side are three rudimentary ones in a longitudinal line along the margin, the hinder ‘one rather more than halfway towards the spinners; these slight prominences are connected by a longitudinal dentated black line, which reaches very nearly to the spinners. The whole upperside is mixed with black, brown, yellow-brown, and a paler whitish hue, which last suffuses most of the area just behind the fore-corner humps; within the indented lines mentioned above are two others with stronger indentations, edged brokenly with yellowish, and running parallel (one on each side) to the lateral marginal ones, and converging towards the spinners, but not reaching them ; portions of this line are stronger than the alternate portions, and form a series of short oblique black bars on each side of the hinder half of the abdomen, the foremost meeting across the middle. A little in front of, and between, the fore corner humps is a black patch edged with brownish- yellow, and two elongate bright whitish spots in the median line. The sides of the abdomen are blackish, and the underside is of a dull leaden hue, with some minute white points, and with a broad, somewhat rusty-brown, longitudinal band on each lateral margin. The spinners are short, strong, very compact, the inferior pair much the largest and of a deep blackish-brown, the others yellow-brown. The genital process is rather large, of a rich yellow-brown colour, with a strong, broad, not very long, rather tapering, but obtusely pointed, epigyne, directed backwards and parallel with the inferior surface of the abdomen ; it has a longitudinal central depression, crossed by numerous stri or fine wrinkles. Another example of the female (from Chiriqui) has the abdomen of a subtriangular form, with scarcely any trace of the small lateral prominences noted in the other example; but the abdomen in this specimen is not in good condition, it being so swollen in the spirit of wine that these prominences had probably become effaced and most of the markings obliterated. Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (forrer); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Epeira rigida, sp. nl. Adult female, length rather over 5 lines. Cephalothorax oval; caput broad, and the lateral margins converging forwards, not deviating very considerably from the slope of the thorax, ¢.e. the lateral marginal indentation at the caput is slight. Of an orange- yellowish colour, clothed with short greyish hairs, the caput a rich dark brown continued in a somewhat pointed form, or wedge-shape, over the thorax, the fore part of the caput being somewhat mottled with orange-brown. The eyes are of moderate size and in the usual three groups; those of the central group form a square whose EPEIRA. 37 posterior side is much the shortest, the eyes forming this side being separated by a diameter. The ante- rior pair of eyes of this group appear to be rather the largest and to be separated from the lower margin of the clypeus by an eye’s diameter. Those of each lateral pair are seated on a tubercle, nearly contiguous to each other, and very slightly obliquely. The falces are long, powerful, and vertical; they are of a deep brown hue, marked in front with a rather oblique yellowish line or narrow stripe, and paler brownish-yellow towards the extremities. The legs are tolerably long, strong, 1, 4,2, 3, or 1, 2, 4, 3, of an orange-yellow colour, distinctly annulated and marked with rich deep yellowish-brown; they are furnished with hairs and bristles and armed with spines, of which many are white wholly or in part. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. Tho mazxille and labiwm are rich black-brown, tipped with pale yellowish-white. The sternum is dull orange- brown, clouded with dark brown along the middle and on the margins. The abdomen is large, of a somewhat subtriangular form, though rounded at both extremities; at each of the shoulders it is strongly and conically prominent, as well as on each side at the hinder extremity, where it falls perpendicularly to the spinners, and between the two hinder prominences and in the same line is another very much smaller one. The abdomen appears to be densely clothed with a velvety-looking pubescence, and its general colours are black and rich brown mixed with a little yellow-brown, and with a pattern indicated chiefly by short white hairs—this comprises a strongly dentated line from each of the anterior prominences to the posterior prominence on its side. The are thus included has a mixture of black and brown patches, among which is conspicuous a large, round, convex, boss-like, shining central spot edged (like other portions) with white hairs; and in front of it, a little in advance of the prominences, is another large oval black spot of a similar kind. The underside is black, with a cream-yellow spot a little way in front of the genital process, which is rich black-brown, prominent, and continued by a long, strong, tapering red-brown epigyne; this latter runs backwards parallel to the surface of the abdomen, and its point reaches nearly halfway to the spinners, covering and extending beyond the yellow spot mentioned above. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This fine handsome spider would probably present many varieties of colouring on examination of a series of examples. Epeira clavispina, sp. n. Adult female, length 4-53 lines. Cephalothorax dull orange, clothed with white hairs and pubescence, especially on the caput and fore part of the thorax, the grooves showing the thoracic junction with the caput deep bistre-brown; behind these are also some short lines of the same hue, converging to the median thoracic junction (which is also similarly marked), and indicating the segments of the thorax ; these lines, with a brownish-orange ground- colour, form an irregular curved band on either side. The caput, instead of sloping forwards, is rather raised towards the ocular area, which is prominent in the middle, where the ordinary central group of eyes is seated, thus leaving a clypeus of much greater width than usual in this genus, being very nearly equal to half that of the facial space. The eyes are on black spots and in the usual three groups; the central group forms a square whose posterior side is shortest on the almost vertical face of the middle of the caput, and the space in the middle of the square is a little drawn out into a blunt conical point surmounted by a single short black spine; the posterior eyes of this group are larger than the anterior, and are separated from each other by an eye’s diameter. Those of each lateral pair are very small and distinctly separated from each other. The falces are strong, tolerably long, yellow, and suffused with reddish-brown at their extremities. The legs are moderately long and strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The femora are broadly and distinctly, some of the other joints faintly, annulated with black-brown ; they are furnished with hairs and bristles and armed with spines, of which many are marked with white at the base or tipped with black-brown, and some of the strongest are of a clavate form, the most characteristically formed of these being on the femoral joints. 38 ARANEIDEA. The palpi are moderately long, yellow, and furnished with hairs, bristles, and fine spines. The mawille are strong and yellow, tipped with whitish. The labiwm is broad, short, like the maxille in colour, and with an angular apex. The sternum is yellow. The abdomen is large, of a subtriangular form, with three subconical protuberances in the longitudinal median line of the hinder part—the largest at the extremity, where the hinder declivity to the spinners begins, and another very small one both above and below it. This declivity, with a portion of the sides, is blackish freckled with round whitish points; the rest of the abdomen, excepting a blackish transverse patch at the fore margin, is whitish-yellow. The upperside of the abdomen is clothed not only with hairs but with many claviform spines, blackish at their lower and middle portions, which are gouty or enlarged, white at their sharp fine extremities; these characteristic spines are chiefly at the fore and hinder extremities, though perhaps they may have been accidentally rubbed off from the other parts. The underside is marked with a large, somewhat triangular area bearing on its middle a yellowish oval marking drawn out behind into a fine point. The spinners are short, compact, yellow, the front of the inferior pair black. In one example the upperside of the abdomen has, in the median longitudinal line of the fore half, two distinct blackish markings—the anterior one diamond-shaped, the posterior one oval and margined with a whitish line. Probably there would be much variation in the markings of a series of this species. The genital process is characteristic and vertically prominent, with the obtusely-pointed epigyne projecting forwards from its extremity. ; Hab. Guatemaa, Cubilguitz in Vera Paz (Sarg). Mr. Sarg found this spider on bushes. Epeira hypocrita, sp. n. Adult male, length 33 lines. Cephalothorax oval; thorax nearly circular; caput well produced in the middle of the ocular area, the sides converging forwards. Of a yellowish-brown colour, clothed with whitish hairs and pubescence and marked with dark brown spots, lines, and markings, mostly following the direction of the normal grooves and indentations ; four spots form a square near the middle of the thorax. The eyes are of tolerable size, and are in the usual three groups; the central group is seated on a strong pro- minence, and forms a square whose posterior side is shortest; the anterior eyes are larger than the posterior, and separated from the lower margin of the clypeus by much less than an eye’s diameter. The laterals are seated on a strong tubercle, nearly contiguous to each other, and parallel to the lower lateral margin of the caput. The falces are moderately long, weak, and vertical ; their profile line, both from in front and from the sides, The is hollow; they are of a yellowish colour, with a large proportion in front, at their base, and on the sides dark brown. legs are rather long, strong, 1, 2,4, 3; their colour is brownish-yellow, annulated and marked with dark yellow-brown ; they are clothed with grey and other hairs, and armed with numerous spines, chiefly on the tibize and femora—those on the latter joints are mostly of a pale whitish hue, and some also of the rest are more or less white ; at the outer side of the anterior extremity of the exinguinal joint of the first pair is a prominent blunt spine or corneous process, and also a single small, short, sharp, curved spine at the fore extremity of the coxee of the fourth pair. The palpi are short, yellowish marked with brown ; the cubital joint is angularly prominent in front, where it has a long, strong, sinuously curved, tapering, reddish bristle; the radial joint is obtusely produced on its outer side, where it is furnished with a tuft of longish white bristly hairs. The palpal bulb is not large, but the palpal organs are very highly developed, prominent, and complex, with corneous processes and spines; an enormous curved process, bifid at its extremity, issues from near their hinder extremity, and is directed prominently outwards and forwards. The mawille and labium are dark yellow-brown, tipped with pale yellowish. The sternum is dark yellow-brown, with seven marginal yellow spots—three on each side and one at the posterior extremity. The abdomen is subtriangular, with a conical prominence at each of the shoulders or anterior angles, and three EPEIRA. 39 others, much smaller, in a transverse line at the posterior extremity, which is obtuse, and drops thence perpendicularly to the spinners. The middle one of these three prominences is rather the strongest ; it is clothed with whitish and other pubescence, reflecting greenish-golden tints in a strong light, and has a few slender prominent bristles on the upperside, which is of a dull greyish-yellow hue; from the sum- mit of each anterior prominence a black-brown dentated line runs to the outer posterior prominence, forming a strong curve whose convexity is directed inwards—the space included by these lines, as well as the whole front of the abdomen beyond the anterior prominences, is dark brown marked longitudinally with a somewhat obscure darker central line. The sides and hinder declivity are nearly concolorous with the upperside, and are marked with blackish-brown broken lines and markings. ‘The underside is of a leaden-black hue, with two white spots—one (the largest) near the middle, the other just in front of the spinners. Looked at in profile the hinder part of the abdomen (where the posterior prominences are placed) is rather elevated, so that the profile line is hollow, and gives the abdomen a slightly constricted appearance. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is allied to E. armata, but differs in the abdominal pattern and in the colours and markings of the legs, and also in the precise character of the armature of the coxal and exinguinal joints of the first and fourth pairs. The palpal organs also, though showing a great similarity of development, are not nearly so large, and differ in the form of the processes and in the much less size of the palpal bulb. Epeira destricta, sp. n. Adult male, length 43 lines. Cephalothorax round in the thoracic region, the sides of the caput converging rather strongly forwards. It is of a yellow-brown colour, clothed with grey hairs; the sides of the thorax, as well as several spots on the occiput, and some short diverging markings on the upper part of the thorax, dark yellow-brown. The eyes are in the usual three groups; the prominence of the central group is well produced forwards, the four central eyes forming a square whose posterior side is considerably the shortest—the eyes composing it are smaller than the anterior pair, and are separated by more than a diameter’s interval. The eyes of each lateral pair are placed a little obliquely and almost contiguous to each other on a strong tubercle. The fore central eyes are removed from the lower margin of the clypeus by no more than half a diameter, and from each other by a diameter’s interval. The falces are long, rather weak, inclined towards the sternum, hollow in profile both from in front and laterally, and of a pale yellowish colour. The legs are tolerably long, strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, clothed with greyish and other hairs, and armed with spines, the latter strongest and most abundant on the tibie and femora, especially on the tibie of the second pair. The exinguinal joint of the first pair have a short, curved, blunt-pointed, spiny process at their extremity on the outer side. They are of a yellowish colour, faintly annulated with yellow-brown. ‘The palpi are short ; the cubital joints show the broken base of a strong spiny bristle in front of each; the radial joints are strongly and obtusely produced on their outer sides; the digital joints are clothed with coarse white bristly hairs, and have the base produced backwards and outwards into the curved process usual in males of this genus, but in the present species this process is broad and bifid at its extremity. The palpal bulb is large; the palpal organs are highly developed, prominent, and complex, and two large corneous curved processes project at their extremity on the outer side, both obtuse, but the hinder one longest and most curved. The mawille and labium are dark yellow-brown, tipped with yellowish. The sternum is dull yellowish, with an indistinct broad, tapering, central, longitudinal yellow-brown band. The abdomen is subtriangular, but rounded at each end. It is clothed with grey and other pubescence and a few erect and other strong bristles and hairs; at each shoulder it has a conical enlargement, and another smaller one on each side at the hinder extremity at the beginning of the vertical declivity to the spinners, and midway, but in a line between these two promiinences, is another, less strong prominence. The space 40 ARANEIDEA. between these prominences is dark brown mixed with yellowish-brown and blackish ; it is much widest in front and bounded on each side by a dentated blackish line, rather broadly bordered outside by a whitish-yellow bar; a slightly curved but irregular blackish line connects these two anterior prominences transversely, and is bordered outside by a very distinct yellowish-white stripe ; in the middle, in front of this, is a black-brown dentate marking edged with yellowish-white and tapering to its fore extremity, the front of the abdomen being dark brown mixed with blackish and yellow-brown. The sides are pale yellow-brown, marked with parallel dark brown and dull whitish lines running perpendicularly from the upper to the underside. The underside is black, with a longitudinal, lateral, curved, pale sooty band on each side and some white irregular markings, the chief of which are two (one on each side) near the middle, and another on each side and just in front of the spinners. The spinners are yellow-brown, short and compact. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is allied to HZ. armata, E. rigida, and E. hypocrita. Epeira guatemalensis, sp. n. Adult female, length 6 lines; adult male, 13-2 lines. The cephalothorax is of the usual general form, but the occiput is a little gibbous. It is of a dull yellowish colour, clothed with grey hairs and pubescence, and has a large, somewhat irregular, central, deep yellow- brown patch extending backwards in a broken tapering form, and with some irregular markings of a similar colour infront onthe caput. There is also a broad, irregular, marginal reddish-yellow-brown band. The eyes are small, but in the usual three groups; those of the central group form a quadrilateral figure, and are seated on a slight prominence—its anterior eyes are rather larger and form a longer line than the posterior pair, which last are separated from each other by an eye’s diameter. The height of the clypeus equals nearly the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The falces are of tolerable length and strength, similar to the cephalothorax in colour, clouded and marked in front (where they are rather prominent) with dark brown. Legs moderately long, not very strong, of a yellowish hue, spotted and annulated with deep yellow-brown ; the femora of the first and second pairs are suffused with reddish. They are clothed with greyish and other hairs, and armed with spines both dark and pale-coloured. The palp: are similar in colour and armature to the legs. The mawille are deep brown, broadly margined at their extremities with pale yellowish-white. The labium is also dark brown, tipped with whitish. The sternum is yellow-brown, with some indistinct paler blotches opposite the insertion of the legs. The abdomen is large, massive, subtriangular, rather rounded before and somewhat truncate behind ; near each of the fore corners or shoulders is a subconical elevation, and at the hinder extremity a group of five similar ones, though some are not so large—four form a diamond-pattern, with the fifth in the centre, the smallest being the posterior one. From this group the abdomen runs perpendicularly to the spinners. A large portion of the upperside, which is whitish-yellow, clothed with greyish-yellow pubescence, is occupied by a somewhat tapering, irregularly-edged blackish area extending from the fore margin at its greatest width to the anterior humps or elevations, and then with an incurved direction to the exterior humps of the hinder group—this area has in the middle of its broadest part (in front) several white blotches, of which the central one is far the largest and most conspicuous. ‘The sides are similar in colour to the upper part and have a large blackish mottled patch near the spinners; and the underside is blackish, with two white spots in a transverse line just in front of the genital process, this latter being strong and prominent, and terminating with a short, strong, somewhat tapering epigyne, whose direction is backwards and parallel with the under surface of the abdomen. The spinners are short, strong, compact, dark brown, the superior pair striped with yellow. The anal prominence is very distinctly 3-jointed, yellow marked with dark brown. The perpendicular portion between the spinners and the group of prominences is suffused with reddish-yellow-brown. In the male the abdomen nearly resembles that of the female in form; some of the prominences, however terminate with a minute red-brown spine or point, and the upperside is of a somewhat quadrate form, of EPEIRA. Al a brownish hue irregularly marked with darker spots and lines; the anterior portion of the abdomen is also more produced. The cephalothorax is dark reddish-yellow-brown, with the caput and thoracic margins yellowish. The ocular region is rather produced forwards, and the falces less strong than in the female, and directed rather backwards. The legs are yellow, the femora of the first and second pairs dark brown, the other femora yellowish, faintly annulated with a darker hue; armed with spines, these being most conspicuous on the tibis of the first and second pairs. The palpi are short, the palpal bulb large; the palpal organs well developed, complex, and prominent. Hab. Guatemata, Livingston, Chicoyoito, Polochic valley near Tamahu, Cubilguitz (Sarg). This spider belongs to the #. verrucosa, Walck., group. Epeira armata, sp. n. Adult male, length 3% lines. Cephalothorax of a somewhat oblong-oval form, rather broader at the fore part of the thorax than behind, the sides of the caput converging forwards. Colour yellow-brown, the occiput and normal indentations marked with broken lines and spots of dark yellow-brown. It is clothed with greyish hairs, of which there are some longer and stronger than the rest just behind each lateral pair of eyes. The eyes are of tolerable size and in the usual three groups. The four central eyes are on black spots and form a square whose posterior side is considerably the shortest, its eyes being separated by a diameter’s interval; the height of the clypeus appears to be about equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. Those of each lateral pair are seated on a strong tubercle, contiguous to each other and slightly obliquely placed. The falces are moderately long, rather slender, or weak, the profile lines (both lateral and in front) hollow, and slightly directed backwards. They are of a pale yellow colour. The legs are rather long, strong, furnished with hairs, some grey, others reflecting greenish-golden tints in a strong light, and armed with numerous spines. The spines on the tibie of the first and second pairs, especially on the latter, are the most powerful ; some of them are pale whitish in the middle portion, others brown to red-brown. At the anterior extremity of the exinguinal (or basal) joints of the first pair of legs is a strong, prominent, but not very sharp-pointed spine, and at the fore extremities of the coxal (or 2nd joints) of the fourth pair are three short, curved, sharp spines in a row; and in a similar position on the coxe of the second pair of legs is a small pointed corneous process, tipped with a small tuft of bristly hairs. This exinguinal and coxal armature is characteristic, though it is possibly only sexual. The palpi are short; the cubital joint has a long, strong, tapering sinuous bristle in front ; the radial joint is strongly and obtusely produced on its outer side; the palpal bulb is large; the palpal organs are of a rich deep red-brown colour, greatly developed, very prominent and complex, with strong corneous pro- cesses and spines. One enormous process, curved, rather enlarged and bifid, or cleft at its extremity, projects perpendicularly upwards on their outer side. The digital joint is furnished with long, bristly, grey and yellowish hairs. The maxille and labium are yellow-brown tipped with a paler hue. The sternum is pale yellowish. The abdomen is subtriangular, with a conical prominence at each of the shoulders, or lateral margin of the broadest part in front, and two others, one on each side of the hinder extremity where the declivity towards the spinners begins, these last two being only half the distance from each other that the others are. The abdomen is of a yellowish-brown colour, clothed with grey and other hairs reflecting greenish-golden tints in a strong light; there are also some strong dark bristles on the upperside; it is lined and reticu- lated with deep brown in front of the anterior prominences, and on the sides, where there are also numerous round light reddish-brown spots. In front of and between the two posterior prominences is an oblong dark brown area, reaching halfway to the anterior ones, with dentate lateral margins and a prominent curved horn-like prolongation at each of the fore corners, directed outwards and forwards. The anterior prominences are connected by a well-defined black-brown margin to the brown markings on the fore part, BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., November 1889. ef 42 ARANEIDEA. which margin is also followed by a transverse stripe of whitish spots. The underside has broken. dark brown lateral margins and markings, with a central white spot. The spinners are short, compact, and of a yellow-brown colour. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A fine distinct species. Epeira championi, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines ; adult male, 1% lines. The cephalothorax, legs, palpi, and sternwm are pale yellow, without any markings; the falces are similarly coloured, but have the extremities suffused slightly with blackish ; the mawille and labium are blackish, broadly tipped with yellow. The form and structure of these parts are normal. The eyes are in the usual three groups, widely separated from each other, and conspicuous from the black spots on which they are seated. The four centrals form a square whose anterior side is slightly the shortest, the posterior eyes being larger than the anterior. The falces are powerful, and rather prominent in front. The legs are neither very long nor strong, relative length 1, 2, 4, 3. They are furnished with hairs and a very few short fine spines. The abdomen is oblong, almost cylindrical, though rather narrowest behind; the hinder part scarcely projects over the spinners, but it is at least perpendicularly truncated there. The upperside is white, with a broad longitudinal central, more or less sooty or blackish band throughout its length. This band tapers or narrows towards the posterior extremity with a prominent angle at each side before, and has a series of white markings along it, more or less separated from each other, and ending in a point behind. The white on the upperside might perhaps be as well described as consisting of these markings and a broad longitudinal band on each side, and the central blackish band would then be described as somewhat irregular stripes with a projecting angle on the outer side near the fore extremity. The sides are marked with two longitudinal well-defined parallel bands, the upper one blackish, the lower one white; and the underside is entirely blackish, but between the spinners and the pattern on the upperside is a single larger or smaller oval or oblong white spot. In several examples all the portions above described as white are bright red-brown or rust-coloured, having only a narrow edging of white by the black markings. The genital process is prominent, of a rich dark red-brown hue, with a short curved epigyne directed backwards. The male resembles the female in colours and general characters, but the fore part of the caput is more pro- minent; the legs are longer and are armed, especially on the tibis of the first and second pairs, with long spines ; the pattern on the abdomen is often entirely interrupted in the middle, both on the upper part and on the sides. The palpi are short; the cubital joint has a single long, strong, tapering, prominent bristle in front; the radial joint is broad, projecting strongly and obtusely both on the outer and inner sides ; the palpal bulb is large, and the palpal organs are very prominent, highly developed, with lobes and corneous processes and spines. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Examples of both sexes of this very pretty and distinctly marked spider were con- tained in Mr. Champion’s Chiriqui collection. I have no note of its colours when alive, but it is very possible that some of the colours now yellow are green in life. Epeira septem-mammata, sp. n. Adult females, length 24 and 3 lines. The cephalothorax is rather broad, and the caput is somewhat gibbous above towards the occiput; its colour is pale yellow, with a very broad dark bistre-brown central longitudinal band, including the upperside and part of the sides of the caput, and reaching from the eyes to the hinder part of the thorax. EPEIRA. 43 The eyes are of moderate size and in the usual three groups. The central group form nearly a square, seated on a slight and black prominence; the anterior pair of eyes are the largest, and form a rather longer line than the posterior pair. The falces are powerful, rather long, prominent in front, and directed a little backwards. Their colour is yellow, strongly tipped with dark bistre-brown, and with a large, less dark blotch towards their base in front. The legs are short, not very strong, yellow, distinctly marked and annulated with rich black-brown, clothed with hairs and bristles and a very few fine spines ; relative length 4, 1, 2, 3. The palpi are similar in colour to the legs. The mawille and labwwm are dark brown, distinctly tipped with pale yellowish. The sternum is of a somewhat shining cream-colour. The abdomen is large, of a short and somewhat quadrate-oval form; it is encompassed on the upperside by seven subconical mammiform eminences of different sizes—one at each of the fore corners (or shoulders) of the abdomen, one (the largest) of a somewhat caudal nature behind, and two others (the smallest) on each side between them. The colour of the abdomen is whitish-yellow above and on the sides, marked with numerous irregular black lines, spots, and veinings. Among these are specially noticeable the black anterior portions of the seven eminences and a dentated longitudinal black line reaching from each of the foremost eminences to the base of the hinder eminence; across the hinder part of the area included by these are two or three transverse black lines, and at its fore extremity are two longitudinal parallel black ones. The underside of the abdomen is black, with two large whitish-yellow patches, one on each side between the spinners and the genital process, which is large, prominent, of a shining deep bistre- brown hue, red in the middle, and furnished with a short epigyne. The spinners are very short and compact, the inferior pair black, the superior pair yellow. Of one example found by Mr. Sarg at Choctum there is in his notes the following description, taken when alive :—‘ Cephalothorax shining pale olive-green; caput dark olive-brown, this colour continued as a broad band down the centre of the thorax. Legs olive-yellowish closely banded with brown, palpi ditto. Abdomen dull yellowish-brown, with dotted and linear markings of brown ; provided laterally with three pairs of knob-like processes, also with indented lines. Sternum conspicuously deep Naples-yellow. Abdo- men underneath black, with two orange spots in front of the spinners.” In another example found in the same locality the legs were ‘ yellowish-olive-green banded with brown;” the abdomen “ pale brown- madder with a reddish tinge, the processes dark brown-madder, the sternum conspicuously orange.” In this description (as in many others) we chiefly note the change of green into yellow or dull yellowish- white. Hab. GuatTemaua, Choctum (Sarq). Epeira spinigera, sp. n. Adult female, length 4 lines; male (not adult), 2 lines. Cephalothoraz oval; caput full above, broad, sides parallel, covered sparingly with short fine pale hairs; its colour is orange-yellow, as also is that of all the other anterior parts excepting the legs and palpi, which are of a dull greenish-yellow hue, the tarsi suffused with brown. Eyes small, in the usual three groups, very widely separated; seated on black tubercles. The four centrals form a small compact square, whose anterior pair of eyes are smallest and removed by a diameter’s distance from the lower margin of the clypeus. Laterals on each side very minute, contiguous to each other, and placed obliquely. Falces powerful, vertical, and prominent near their base in front. Legs short, and not very strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, furnished with hairs and a few rather short dark spines. There are a few shorter but comparatively stronger spines on the front of the femora of the first two pairs (mostly on the first). The mazille, labium, and sternum are normal. The abdomen is large, short-oval, somewhat quadrate (or sides nearly parallel), and subcylindric in form. The fore part projects well over the thorax, and the hinder part projects a little over the spinners, though not in a caudal form. At each of the fore corners of the anterior part on the upperside is a short but con- at 2 44 ARANEIDEA. spicuous, slightly curved, strong, tapering, sharp-pointed red-brown spine ; the upperside is white, cretaceous-looking, and marked only with some dull leaden irregular reticulations and lines ; the sides and underside are leaden-black, the former has a few perpendicular tapering white stripes dropping downwards from the upper part, and on the underside are two longitudinal parallel rows on the hinder half of three white spots each, the anterior spot largest, the posterior ones placed on either side of the spinners, which are short, rather small, and black. The genital process is moderately strong, almost perpendicularly prominent, and ending with a very short epigyne directed backwards. An immature male had the upperside of the abdomen whitish-yellow, with a longitudinal central slightly tapering dark greyish band edged with black, and ending with a large black blotch on each side at the upper part of the end of the abdomen, the black continued over the hinder part and spotted with white ; from the black edge of the central band, on each side, issue several strongish black tapering stripes over the sides, where are also a few white spots; the anterior spots on the underside are oblong and very much the largest. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is allied to £. tawricornis. Epeira tauricornis, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines; adult male, 2 lines. This spider is one of a group which marks the transition to the Gasteracanthidw, and in the prevailing rage for the multiplication of genera it might well form the type of a genus separate from Epeira; but although no doubt the subdivision of many of the old genera became, and is, necessary for the practical dealing with crowded generic groups, it seems, in some instances at least, to have been carried to excess and to thwart its own end. Upheld, therefore, in the present case with the opinion of so able an Arach- nologist as Count Eugéne Keyserling, I retain the spider before us, at all events for the present, in the genus Hpeira. Cephalothorax broad, the caput somewhat quadrate before and gibbous above on each side near the thoracic region. It appears to vary in colour from yellow-brown to a deep bistre-brown, marked with lighter or darker patches, and dotted with short grey hairs or pubescence. The eyes are in the usual three groups; those formed by the two lateral pairs are widely distant from the central group owing to the width of the caput, at the extreme outer fore corners of which they are placed, forming a straight transverse line with those of the fore central pair, which are almost contiguous to the fore margin of the clypeus. The four central eyes form a square, the hinder pair being much larger than the anterior. The falces are rather long, strong, vertical, prominent in front, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The legs are short, not very strong; they are of a brownish-yellow colour annulated with darker brown; the femora of the first and second pairs being of a dull orange or red-brown, their anterior halves, as well as the genual joints, being, in a well-coloured example, nearly black. They are clothed with short greyish hairs, but there appears to be an almost total absence of spines. The relative length of the legs is apparently 1, 4, 2, 3, or 1, 2, 4, 3, though the difference between 1, 2, 4, is very slight. The tibiz have the slightly bent form characteristic of the Gasteracanthide. The mawille, labium, and sternum are black-brown, the apex of the labium being of a rounded form, and the maxille have a pale margin at their extremities. The abdomen is large, of a somewhat quadrate-cylindric form (like that of the well-known European Cyrtophora opuntice). It has on the upperside eleven variously sized circular and flattened conical prominences or boss-like humps—three on each side in a longitudinal line, and five forming a diamond-shaped group of four, with one in the centre on the hinder part. The central one of this group appears to be very variable in its size and length: in one example of each sex it is much the largest, and in others the whole posterior portion of the abdomen is drawn out into a tail bearing the prominences at the end of the group and pro- jected in a caudiform manner. The anterior prominence on each side (situated at the fore corners of the abdomen) is much the largest, and terminates in, or is drawn out at its summit into, a strongish, slightly bent, sharp thorn-like corneous spine; all the other humps end with a rudimentary spine of a similar kind. EPEIRA. 45 There seems to be much variety in the strength of these spines. The colour of the abdomen is deep brown above, yellow-brown mixed with darker shades behind, on the sides, and underneath; the humps are deep yellowish-brown. In very well preserved examples no doubt some distinct pattern would be traceable though very variable in different examples, but most of those I have had the opportunity of examining had suffered some deterioration of the epidermis. The spinners are very short and compact. The genital process is tolerably strong, prominent, and directed backwards, the extremity of the epigyne being at right angles to the base. In one example, besides the prominences above noted, there are one or two other very small ones in a longitudinal central line on the upperside of the abdomen. The male resembles the female in general characters and colours (though the abdomen seemed blacker), but is smaller. The palpi are short, the palpal bulb large; the palpal organs very prominent, large, and compact though complex. ‘The tibie of the two anterior pairs of legs are armed with a few short spines. Hab. GuateMaLa, Cahabon, Cubilguitz, Santa Ana, Antigua, between Retalhuleu and Mazatenango, Retalhuleu, Quezaltepeque (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). Both sexes of this spider were found by Mr. Sarg in various localities in Guatemala ; also by Mr. Champion numerously at Bugaba and other parts of Chiriqui. Epeira spicata, sp. n. Male (immature), length 33 lines, length of abdomen 23 lines. This spider is nearly allied to EZ. tawricornis, but is larger, and varies in the number and proportions of the spino-tuberculous parts of the abdomen. Cephalothorax longer than broad, the sides of the thorax deep rich brown; caput paler, marked above with patches of a deeper hue, the patches continued backwards in a tapering band to the hinder extremity of the thorax, its margins marked by grey-white hairs, the rest of the upper part of the caput being covered with greyish pubescence ; just in front of the thoracic junction are two long, erect, sharp-pointed, red- brown spines, almost close to each other in a transverse line (no trace of these exist in #. tawricornis). Falces similar in colour to the caput. Eyes normal. Legs moderate in length and strength, 1, 2, 4,3; furnished with a few spines, an irregular longitudinal row, some longer and stronger than the rest, disposed on the inner side of the femora of the first pair, these joints being stronger than those of the other legs and of a reddish-orange hue, those of the second pair rather paler. The rest of the joints of these two pairs, and the whole of the third and fourth pairs, are yellow annulated with dark brown, the dark annuli at the fore extremities of the joints being much the broadest. Maxille and labium black-brown, tipped with whitish. Sternwm heart-shaped, emarginate in front, black-brown, with small, but distinct, tubercular marginal eminences opposite to the insertion of the legs. Abdomen large, somewhat subtriangular or heart-shaped, with the posterior extremity produced and dilated into five strong conical prominences, all directed backwards, three in the central transverse line being the longest and subequal, the outer ones strongest and divergent, and in front of, or below, the middle one are the two others ; at each fore corner of the abdomen is a strong subconical bifid prominence or ending with two tapering spiny points, and from these forming a slightly curved line, with the outer posterior prominence on each side, are two other subconical ones, each ending with a sharp spiny point. The upper surface is thickly pubescent and of a somewhat velvety nature, showing a very distinct pattern though not easy to be described; the prevailing colours are grey, yellowish, brown, and blackish; a yellowish-white line runs from each outer spine of the two anterior prominences, obliquely backwards and inwards, almost meeting at the middle of the upperside, whence they run straight and parallel to each other to the beginning of the posterior production, where they again diverge a little, enlarge, and then terminate. Towards and on the sides are other irregular whitish and dark lines and markings. The underside is black, with a marginal border on each side of variously sized white spots; a transverse 46 ARANEIDEA. black stripe connects the three middle posterior prominences. It is probable that a series of examples would present much variety in the distribution of colours and consequent apparent pattern. Hab. Guatemata, Valley of the Motagua (Sarg). A single example. Epeira variolata, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines; male (immature), 3 lines. The general form of this spider is of the ordinary Epeira type. The whole of the anterior parts are yellow; the legs, 1, 2, 4, 3, are slightly annulated with reddish-brown, the darkest annuli being at the fore extre- mities of the joints. The anterior eyes of the central four form a square whose fore side is distinctly longer than the posterior side; these eyes are very slightly, if at all, larger than the hinder ones, the height of the clypeus being equal to their diameter. The hind central eyes are separated from each other by no more, if not rather less, than a diameter’s interval. The abdomen is of a subtriangular or heart shape, rounded before and obtusely pointed behind ; the upperside is of a creamy-white colour, with two large, convex, shining black, boss-like marks edged with a narrow whitish border on a black patch in a longitudinal median line a little above the spinners. These bosses are not contiguous to each other, but separated by about half the shortest diameter of the hinder one, which is of a transverse-oval shape, the fore one quite circular; on each side of these is an oblique row of four other smaller and much narrower-oval spots of a similar kind, and similarly margined ; the hinder spot is on a level with the hinder boss, and the foremost one is more than halfway along the outer margin of the upperside of the abdomen ; some dusky blackish markings form an indistinct border round, but a little short of, the anterior margin, which, as well as the sides and underside, is of a clay-yellow colour thickly mottled with whitish. The above description is taken from the immature male. The female had evidently lost its colours, and the markings were not so large nor so conspicuous, though similarly placed. The genital process is short, small, and of a simple form. Hab. GuaTemaua, Chamiquin and Cubilguitz (Sarg). Mr. Sarg’s description of the immature male is as follows:—* Thorax, legs, and lower part of abdomen orange verging on light burnt-sienna; on abdomen a sharply outlined bright green (metallic when caught) ‘Halmsich, bordered anteriorly by a narrow white line, posteriorly. by ten black ocelle with a clear white margin.” This, with the sketch added of the form and position of the ocelle, gives the exact pattern, but shows how the true colours have faded. The proper place of this spider would be next to E. bivariolata (antea, p. 27). TURCKHEIMIA, gen. nov. Cephalothorax short ; caput broadish and abruptly elevated; thorax rounded and rather gibbose on the upper- side, with a strong depression in the middle thoracic junction. Falces strong, rather inclined to the sternum, Maxille and labium short and Epeiriform. Sternum heart-shaped. Eyes as in Epeira ; small. Abdomen large, somewhat quadrate, and furnished with gibbosities of various sizes and forms. The cuticle is somewhat coriaceous, and densely clothed with short hairs and pubesvence. Spinners short, strong, compact, and in the middle of the underside of the abdomen. Legs short, strong, 4, 1, 2, 8, but little difference between 4 and 1, without spines. Tibie rather bent, and enlarging gradually towards their anterior extremities. This genus bears certain affinities to Epeira, Cyclosa, Gasteracantha, and Cerostris ; I have much pleasure in connecting Herr von Turckheim’s name with it. TURCKHEIMIA. AT Turckheimia nodosa, sp. n. Adult female, length 34 lines. . Cephalothorax black, shining, and glossy ; caput abruptly elevated, the summit rather flat; thorax rather higher at the beginning of the posterior slope than at its junction with the caput. Thoracic indentation rather deep and transverse, a whitish longitudinal central line running from this indentation backwards. The eyes of the central four form a quadrangular figure, whose posterior side is much less in length than its anterior side. The legs are dull reddish-orange, with black and pale yellowish annuli; palpi black, with a yellow annulus at the base of the radial joint. Falces black. Maville and labium deep black-brown, tipped with a pale hue. Sternum heart-shaped, black, with a central longitudinal yellow-ochreous stripe on its posterior half. Abdomen large, of a somewhat quadrate form, with its fore corners rounded off; upper surface flattish convex, with four very large divergent corner-gibbosities which are enlarged and round at the extremities, of a blue-blackish metallic hue, clothed with short yellowish and other hairs and pubescence. At the posterior extremity between the two hinder gibbosities are two others much smaller, of a nipple form, and in the median longitudinal line, the anterior one being slightly the longest. These last, as well as the whole upper surface, hinder slope, and sides of the abdomen, are of a dull reddish-orange-yellow, marked with a bold pattern of oval and other forms, of a deep blackish-yellow-brown colour, and of a velvety appearance, the various markings margined with a line of bright yellowish-white hairs. The colours and markings are apparently caused by dense pubescence. The underside is black, marked on each side with two or three transverse scribbly lines of white hairs. The genital process is very small and inconspicuous, and of a dull whitish-leaden hue. Spinners black-brown. Hab. GuatemMaa, Chicoyoito (Turckheim). Weare indebted to Mr. Sarg for an example of this exceedingly interesting spider; it was found by Herr von Turckheim in its small geometric snare on a citron-tree at Chicoyoito. Turckheimia walckenaérii, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines. The cephalothorax has the caput considerably raised, and the sides of the thorax gibbous, the indentations between these two parts (caput and thorax) being very strong, and at the thoracic junction isa deep transverse somewhat curved pit or indentation. The colour is deep brown, paler on the front and sides of the caput, and clothed, but not densely, with coarse whitish or grey hairs, The eyes are small, in the usual three groups. The four central eyes describe a square whose anterior side is longer than the posterior, and its eyes are placed close to the fore margin of the clypeus. The falces are not very long, but strong, inclined backwards and of a deep brown hue. The legs are rather short, moderately strong, clothed with coarse grey and other hairs, and a very few fine spines, relative length 1, 2, 4,3, or1,4, 2,3. They are of a yellow colour, the fore half of the femora of the first and second pairs is deep blackish-bistre-brown, the other legs and joints annulated with deep brown. The palpi resemble the legs in colour and armature. The maxille and labium are deep brown tipped with dull yellowish. The sternum is black, with eight dull orange spots or eminences round the edge, corresponding with the in- sertions of the legs. The posterior spot is geminated, forming one only for the two posterior legs. The abdomen is large, somewhat quadrate, and has a small subconical eminence on each side towards the anterior extremity, and four others forming a group, two in the median line and one on each side at the posterior extremity, which extends considerably over the spinners, and is somewhat caudiform ; the distance from the spinners to the eminences being equal to the whole length of the abdomen. The colour above and on the sides is pale yellowish-brown, marked with black markings and whitish spots and lines (owing to the shrinking of the epidermis in spirit of wine but little regular pattern can be seen, except- ing a large curvilinear diamond-shaped marking indicated by white lines, just in front, in the middle, of 48 ARANEIDEA. the two anterior eminences; one example has the whole of the upperside and sides closely marked with yellowish points or spots). The underside, including the spinners, is black with some irregular white spots on the sides forwards and across the middle. The genital process is deep brown, characteristic but not very prominent, with a short epigyne directed backwards. Hab. Guatemaua, Volcan de Fuego and Chiacam (Sarg). CAREPALXIS, Koch. Carepalxis tuberculifera, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly less than 13 line. Cephalothorax dull orange, clothed with yellowish-grey hairs. Occipital eminence broad, obtuse, and massive. Eyes not large, in the usual position, with deep bistre-brown rims ; those of the central group form a quadrangle whose anterior side is shortest. The height of the clypeus is distinctly less than half that of the facial space. Legs short, 1, 2, 4, 3, dull yellowish tinged with brown, moderately strong. Clothed with hairs only. Falces similar in colour to the cephalothorax, with a dusky transverse bar near their extremities, strong, straight, vertical. Palpi similar to the legs in colour. Mawille, labtum, and sternum similar in colour to the cephalothorax. Abdomen large, heart-shaped, projecting greatly over the thorax; at each fore corner are two or three small tubercular prominences. It is of a dull clay-colour, clothed with short hairs and a few short black spine- like bristles, and with some indistinct brown markings, and four black impressed spots on the upperside, the latter forming a large square, whose fore side is shorter than the others. In front, in the hollow between and below the tubercles, it is blackish-brown, with a longitudinal central line of yellow spots. Sides brown with pale spots, the underside blackish. The genital process (so far as I can see it) appears to be of very simple form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example. Carepalxis gibbosa, sp. n. Not quite adult female, length 2% lines. Cephalothorax covered with short yellowish-grey hairs. Caput darkish yellow-brown, the thorax much paler, a strong longitudinal median indentation from the ocular area to the occipital eminence, which is composed of two strong, slightly divergent, dull orange-yellow conical prominences, whose bases are contiguous. The lower fore corners of the caput rather rounded. Eyes in the ordinary position, not very large; the four centrals form a quadrangle whose anterior side is shortest, and the height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. Falecs moderate in length and strength, of a dull orange colour, clothed with greyish hairs, prominent in front, the prominent part and also the extremities marked with a deep bistre-brown blotch. Legs rather short, moderately strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, of a yellow colour, the anterior portion of the femora and the genua being dark brown and the anterior parts of the other joints more or less suffused with the same tint. They are clothed with grey hairs and armed with spines, of which a group of several on the anterior sides of the femora of the first pair are the most noticeable, two of them being much the longest and strongest, dark at the base, and the rest pale-coloured. Palpi yellowish, the digital joints rather long and a little tumid, looking like those of the very undeveloped male palpi, and terminating with a thickly pectinated black claw. Maanlle brown, pale greyish at their extremities. Labium quadrate and brown at the base, pale and pointed at the apex. Sternum pale yellow-brown, with some whitish-yellow cretaceous-looking markings along the middle. Abdomen rather large, somewhat heart-shaped, projecting greatly over the thorax; at its fore extremity on CAREPALXIS.—CYCLOSA. 49 the upperside are two subconical prominences near together, side by side, in the median line, and, a little further back, another larger prominence at each fore corner, also two rudimentary ones on each side towards the hinder part; it is of a dull yellowish colour, thickly clothed with short yellow-grey pubescence, among which are mixed, on the upperside, a few short, somewhat pointed-claviform black spines—these are most numerous in front. A large, blackish, somewhat quadrate, dentate-edged area occupies a considerable portion of the upperside, on which are also four small, oblong, black, impressed spots, placed obliquely, and forming a quadrangle whose anterior side is shortest. Underside black, with two white spots in a transverse line a little way in front of the spinners, Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example. Carepalxis americana, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines; male, 1 line. The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a brightish orange-brown, more or less completely covered with short grey hairs. Cephalothorax large, broad and quadrate in front; the occipital elevation very strong, transversely keel-shaped, with the corners rounded off and the slightest possible depression in the middle when looked at from in front. Eyes unequal ; the posterior pair of the central four much the largest, amber-coloured, and separated by an eye’s diameter ; those of each lateral pair very small, contiguous, on a small tubercle, and close to the anterior lower corners of the caput. Legs (2) rather short, not very strong, furnished with short grey hairs only, 1, 4, 2,3; tibia of the first two pairs very slightly bent. Falces moderate in length and strength, straight, vertical. Abdomen large, heart-shaped, fitting up over the thorax close to the occipital elevation, slightly and subconic- ally protuberant at each anterior corner of the upperside; of a uniform dull pale yellowish-brown, clothed with short greyish hairs, among which are a few dark ones of a more bristly kind; on the middle of the upperside are four impressed black round spots, forming a quadrangle whose shortest side is in front. Spinners short, compact. Genital process red-brown, small, prominent, characteristic, and furnished with a small epigyne. In the male the eyes are rather larger in proportion, the occipital eminence less high and less keel-shaped, being rounder behind, and more massive. The legs, 1, 2, 4, 3, the first pair longer, and the first and second pairs, particularly the femora, stronger, and the tibiz armed with a few strongish spines. The falces are somewhat granulose in front, and the caput also on the upperside. The palpi are very short, the palpal bulb small; the palpal organs not very complex, and presenting no very remarkable processes; the digital joint has a short curved obtuse process at its hinder extremity. The abdomen is of a similar hue, but has some oblique dark lines on the sides, and a transverse dark, but not very conspicuous, stripe just in front of the anterior protuberances. Hab. Panama, Bugaba in Chiriqui (Champion). CYCLOSA, Menge. Cyclosa fissicauda, sp. n. Adult female, length 3-4 lines. The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a uniform pale yellowish hue, clothed with pale whitish hairs and pubescence. The eyes are small, seated on black spots, and in the usual three groups, which are, however, less widely removed from each other than in numerous species of Epeira, owing to the less width of the fore part of the caput. Those of the central group form a trapezoid whose posterior side is distinctly shorter than the anterior side. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., December 1889. ut 50 ARANEIDEA. The legs are moderately strong, not very long; their relative length, 1, 2, 4,3; they are armed with bristles and spines, most of which are on the metatarsi and tarsi. The palpi are similar in colour and armature to the legs. The falces are strong and vertical. The maxille and labium are similar to the falces in colour ; the former are sometimes suffused in the middle with dusky ; the latter is pointed at the apex and its lower half is black. The sternum is blackish, marked with six yellow raised spots on the margin opposite to the insertions of the three anterior pairs of legs, and bisected longitudinally with a yellow stripe, the stripe strongly constricted near the middle, in some examples broken into two or three spots of different size and form. The abdomen is large, somewhat oblong-oval in form, of a cream-white colour all over, clothed with grey pubescence and destitute of any markings, at any rate in the preserved specimens, but a little suffused with yellow-brown on the sides. On the fore part, towards but not close to the foré margin, are four distinct, though not very large, somewhat tubercular subconical eminences forming a square; the hinder extremity is more or less produced and projects considerably over the spinners, and the caudiform portion is cleft deeply at the end into two large obtusely pointed lobes; the underside, embracing the spinners on each side, is white. The spinners are short, compact, and of a pale yellow-brown hue. The genital process is of moderate size, prominent, of characteristic form, and has its hinder portion recurved in a kind of short epigyne. Hab. GuatTEeMaa, between Dolores and Chapallal, and between Dolores and Chisec (Sarg). An example found by Mr. Sarg between Dolores and Chapallal had the abdomen (at the time it was taken) of “a creamy-yellow-pink hue.” Others were found between Chisec and Dolores. This spider apparently belongs to the L. anseripes group. Cyclosa lacerta, sp. n. Adult male, length 12 line. Cephalothoraw broad and rounded behind, moderately convex above. Caput comparatively narrow, and its fore part sloping downwards; the colour of the cephalothorax is deep bistre-brown, paler in the ocular region, and the thoracic portion is narrowly but distinctly margined with dull yellow. The eyes are on black spots and in the usual position, forming a square whose hinder side is shortest; the anterior pair of the central group are apparently rather larger than the posterior pair—they are seated on a prominent tubercular projection, and also form a considerably longer line than the posterior pair, the eyes of which are of a pearly colour, and separated from each other by a very narrow interval. The falces are moderately long, rather slender, and directed backwards, being dark brown in colour, with paler extremities. The legs are moderate in length and strength, 1, 2,4, 3, 2 and 4 differing little, if anything at all. The colour of the femora of the first pair is deep brown like the cephalothorax, the other femora are similar but pale yellowish at their base, the remaining joints are yellow-brown, or yellowish, annulated with darker yellow-brown. They are clothed with short hairs and some spines, the most conspicuous of which are on the tibie of the first and second pairs. The surface of the tibie of these pairs is roughened with minute granular tubercles. The palpi are short; a strong, tapering, black, prominent bristle issues from the fore extremity of the cubital joint. The digital joint has a curved process at its base on the outer side. The palpal bulb is large, the palpal organs very prominent, highly developed and complex, with several characteristic lobes and corneous processes. The maaille and labium are dark black-brown, edged at their extremities with yellowish. The sternum is similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and is margined with seven yellowish-white spots, three on each side, and one at the pointed posterior extremity. CYCLOSA.—ARGIOPE. 51 The abdomen is long-oval or somewhat subcylindric in form, the hinder extremity produced in an obtuse caudiform shape over the spinners. The upper part and sides appear to cover or overlap the underside, roof-fashion, though this appearance may only be due to contraction in the process of preservation in spirit of wine; from the same cause, perhaps, may also arise a strong contraction across the middle of the abdomen, though I think this latter is normal. The colour is yellow-brown, marked above and on the sides with black, and with some yellowish or white spots above on the anterior half, and one at the posterior extremity on the upperside. The underside and spinners are black, the latter strong, short, and compact. Hab. GUATEMALA, between Chichochoc and Coban (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is nearly allied to Epeira tauricornis, though easily distinguishable from it by the absence of tubercular prominences and spines on the abdomen. Cyclosa index, sp. n. Adult female, length to base of posterior prominence 14, to extremity of the same 2} lines. Allied to C. conzca, Pall., but differs in the form of the abdomen, and in the size, shape, and position of its posterior production. The abdomen is nearly globular, and projects greatly over the thorax; on each side above, at the fore extremity, are two conical eminences, their height equal to their breadth at the base; and from the middle of the hinder extremity is another much longer eminence, tapering, and equal in length to the interval between its base and the fore extremity of the abdomen on the upperside, and the spinners on its underside ; this eminence is directed backwards, and rather upwards, at right angles toa line drawn from the spinners to the anterior side of the fore eminences. The posterior eminence gives the abdomen the shape of a peg-top. Its colours are a variegated mixture of dark black-brown, brown, yellow-brown, white, and cream-yellow, with a somewhat dagger-shaped yellowish marking along the middle of the upperside ; the blade of the dagger-shaped marking is rather dentate along its edges, and its point dilates into a yellow spot or blotch at the base of the hinder prominence, and on each side of the dagger-blade is a largish irregular black marking. Genital process small, but characteristic in form, and directed backwards. The cephalothorax is dark yellow-brown. Legs pale yellow, 1,4, 2,3; the fore extremity of the femora, and the genua of the first and second pairs, dark brown; with a few other irregular markings of the same hue on the other joints and legs ; furnished with hairs, but no spines, or at any rate very slender ones. Palpi yellow. Falces, maxille, and labium yellow-brown, the maxille and the labium paler at their extremities. Sternum blackish, surrounded by a marginal row of very distinct cream-yellow tubercles opposite the point of insertion of the legs. Across the middle of the underside of the abdomen, between the spinners and the genital aperture, is a trans- verse raised ridge marked with white irregular spots on a black ground. Hab. GuatemaLa, Tamahu (Sarg). A single example. ARGIOPE, Audouin ex Savigny. Argiope trivittata, sp. n. Adult female, length 34 lines; adult male, 2} lines. 2. Cephalothorax yellow, tinged with orange, marked with a longitudinal central and lateral dark yellow- brown bands. The lateral band on each side is marginal and the broadest, and does not reach further forwards than the marginal indentation ; the central one reaching to the ocular area. Eyes all black and rather small; the four centrals are equal in size and form a square, whose anterior side is HT 2 52 ARAN EIDEA. very slightly the shortest; the hind centrals are slightly nearer together than each is to the hind lateral eye on its side. Those of the anterior row are equidistant from each other ; those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other and seated obliquely on slight tubercles. The height of the clypeus is no more than half the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. Faices moderate in length and strength; straight, vertical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. Mazxille and lubium dark brown tipped with pale whitish. Legs moderately long, 1, 4, 2, 3, tolerably strong, armed with longish spines; of the same colour as the cephalothorax, faintly annulated and marked with yellow-brown ; an indistinct longitudinal line of this colour on the inner sides of the femora. Palpi and sternum similar to the legs in colour. Abdomen cylindrical, projecting considerably over the thorax. On each side of the median line near the fore extremity is a very small, but perceptible subconical prominence. The upperside has a broad longitu- dinal central dark brown band, with a much narrower white one on each side, the latter marginally defined by black lines. The central band also has some black as well as white markings on it. The fore part of the abdomen is almost entirely white. The sides are marked with black and white, some of the markings being rather oblique. The underside is of an olive-brown colour, with a longitudinal row on each side of white spots and short bands, the last being a round white spot on each side of the spinners; these rows are broadly margined with black. On the fore half of the underside are six small but distinct white spots in three pairs or two longitudinal lines. Spinners short, yellowish, marked with deep brown; genital process large, prominent and characteristic, and of a brownish-yellow colour. The hinder extremity of the abdomen is slightly elongated, and projects distinctly over the spinners when looked at in profile, and there are four small white spots forming nearly a square between the upper extremity and the spinners. The male resembles the female in colours and in the general character of the markings, but the pattern on the abdomen differs: the central band is of a yellow-grey hue, and is longitudinally bisected by a black line or narrow stripe until it reaches the middle, when this line joins a black transverse line which cuts the central band in two; the side bands of white are continuous though strongly angulated or bent at the middle, and also defined by marginal black lines. The sides are alternately and longitudinally striped with lines and stripes of olive-brown, black, and white. The underside is black, with a marginal white stripe and spots on each side, and two shorter white lines within them and two white spots in a trans- verse line at the fore extremity. Sternum yellow with a broad margin of black, leaving a long central wedge-shaped yellow marking. The palp: are short, similar to the legs in colour; the palpal bulb is of moderate size. The palpal organs are prominent, tolerably complex, with some strong corneous projecting processes and spines at their fore extremity. The above descriptions of this species are made from the specimens preserved in spirits of wine. The following (of the male) is taken from Mr. Sarg’s notes on the living spider :—‘ Cephalothorax pale olive-green, smooth and shining. Caput well-defined, eyes black, a black narrow line down the centre beginning just behind the eyes, and continuing over the thorax; broad black marginal bands on the thorax only; legs olive-greenish-reddish-brown ; palpi very pale greenish. Abdomen creamy-Naples- yellow, with dark brown linear markings forming a figure within which the colour is of a richer reddish- yellow.” The chief point to be observed in regard to the above is the entire absence in the preserved specimens of the green tints noted by Mr. Sarg; and the small reliance we can place on the colours of such specimens in those cases where (in the Epciride especially) we may suspect our yellow, dull brownish-yellow, and whitish hues to have once been of various tints of green. Hab. GuaTEMALA, Dolores, Sacrixpur, between Dolores and Chapallal, and San José River near Chiquimuh (Sarg). ALPAIDA, gen. nov. Cephalothorax of an oblong form, rather longer than broad; the thorax rounded but not much broader than the caput, the sides of which are parallel and its fore extremity truncated. The caput is much rounded at the occiput, and forms at least half of the cephalothorax, Legs short, and not very strong, 4, 1, 2, 3, nor very unequal in length. Spines few, slender, and inconspicuous. ALPAIDA.—MAHADIVA. 53 Eyes as in Epeira, in three widely separated groups at the base of the anterior slope of the caput. Clypeus almost obsolete. Falces strong, straight, vertical, prominent towards their base in front. Mawxille short, bent, inclined to the labiwm, which is short, broadish, and of a nearly triangular form. Sternum short, heart-shaped, or nearly round, truncated before and pointed behind. Abdomen rather large, oval, drawn out behind into a short conical caudal prolongation. This genus is allied to EHpeira. Alpaida conica, sp. n. Adult female, length 2} lines. The cephalothorax is pale yellow with a deeper tinge on the sides of the caput, on each side of which is a large subtriangular blackish patch occupying the indentation between the caput and thorax, and reaching (forwards) to the lateral pairs of eyes. The profile of the thorax and caput forms as nearly as possible a semicircle. The eyes are not large, but rather unequal in size; they are on slightly tuberculate black spots. The four centrals form a square whose anterior side is shorter than the posterior; the hind central eyes are separated by a diameter’s interval; the laterals are contiguous, obliquely placed, and very near the extreme outer corner of the caput. The falces are similar in colour to the cephalothorax. Mazille pale yellow; labium dark brown, with yellowish apex. Sternum deep brown, bordered with yellow. Abdomen of a whitish stone-coloured hue, marked with blackish and grey on each side of the fore part and of the hinder extremity as well as on the sides, leaving a rather conspicuous large cruciform white marking on the upperside, with a roundish large black spot on each side of the base of the caudal prominence, and a longitudinal white band on each side. The underside is black. Spinners short, closely grouped and of a dull brownish colour. The genital process is rather prominent and conspicuous, of a reddish- brown colour, with a large transverse oval, characteristic aperture. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example of this very distinct spider was found by Mr. Champion at Bugaba, Chiriqui. MAHADIVA, Keyserling. Mahadiva undecim-variolata, sp. n. Adult female, length 3-34 lines, breadth of abdomen 3-4 lines, length of abdomen 2-23 lines; length of adult male 1% line. 9. Cephalothorax yellow, the hinder slope deep bistre-brown, the indentations between the caput and thorax marked by stripes of the same colour, of which also there are some other marks on the caput more or less distinct but at times obsolete. The eyes are rather small, subequal; the central group form a square, whose posterior side is shorter, than the other three, its eyes being separated by an eye’s diameter only. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The legs are moderately long, 1, 2,4, 3, rather slender, yellow. The anterior portion of the femora, the genua, and the extremities of the tibize are of a dark bistre-brown, the metatarsi and tarsi also suffused slightly with a similar hue, furnished with hairs and a very few weak spines. Falces strong, rather long, straight, vertical, prominently convex in front. Mawille and labium deep black-brown tipped with whitish. Sternum deep black-brown. Abdomen large, much broader than long, subtriangular, the fore side somewhat curvitruncate, and the fore corners produced in a sharpish subconical form. On the posterior half are eleven obtusely subconical eminences—nine in three curved rows of three each at the extremities, and one on each side a little in 54 ARANEIDEA. advance of the anterior row. These eminences are not very large, and do not vary much in size, those of the hinder (or lower) row being the smallest. All have the larger fore part black, with a basal white rim or border, and the rest white. The rest of the upperside is mixed with black and white. Some examples are of a uniform dull cream-white, including the eleven prominences. Others are uniformly and thickly spotted with white on a blackish ground, and have a transverse black band across the fore part; a few have this black band edged with white on the sides, and in the middle two large well-defined round white spots. The sides are suffused with deep blackish-brown ; the underside is of the same colour, with a large central dull cream-white area, immediately in front of which is the genital process, which has a slender, sharp, tapering thorn-like process projecting backwards from the middle of its anterior margin. The spinners are dark brown encircled by a black area. The male (the only one I have seen) resembles the paler examples of the female above described; the legs, of course, being much longer in proportion, especially those of the first pair. In the characters of the tibie of the second pair there is a strong resemblance to those of MV. reticulata ; but the furcate prominence in the present species is nearer the posterior extremity of the joint, which is itself also less strong and enlarged, the terminal spines of the fork are also less strong and are of equal length, and those in advance of it are less strong. The anterior legs also in the present species are longer and more slender. The femora of the first two pairs of legs are marked underneath with two longitudinal (incomplete) dark brown lines; the tibise and metatarsi of the third and fourth pairs and the metatarsi of the first and second are also marked with a single longitudinal brown line above. The spines on the tibie of the first and second pairs are long and tolerably strong. The palpi closely resemble those of M. reticulata, but the spines and processes of the palpal organs are far less strong. This species may easily be distinguished from M. (Epeira) verrucosa, Hentz, by the much smaller and less pointed form of the prominences on the hinder part of the abdomen, and their different relative position, there being in WM. verrucosa only a single one behind instead of a curved row of three. There are thus only nine instead of eleven as in the present species. There are, however, two others in M. verrucosa (one on each side nearly halfway between the anterior prominence and the fore corner of the abdomen), but one of the most noticeable differences from Hentz’s spider is the much greater length and strength of the epigyne issuing from the genital process—in M. verrucosa this reaches backwards more than halfway to the spinners, and the process itself is of a different structure. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Several examples of the female and one of the male were found by Mr. Champion at Bugaba, Chiriqui. Mahadiva reticulata, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines, length of abdomen slightly over 1 line, breadth 14 line. In general form and characters this species closely resembles M. (petra) verrucosa, Hentz, but may easily be distinguished by many well-marked specific characters. Cephalothorax brownish-yellow, marked largely with deep brown on the occiput, along the middle of the thorax, and the normal converging indentations; these latter suffusing more or less the whole sides of the thorax. Eyes of the central group forming a square, whose anterior side is longer than either of the others; the posterior pair are divided by less than an eye’s diameter; the anterior pair, which are much the largest, are divided by about, or perhaps less than, half a diameter from each other. Clypeus almost obsolete ; lateral eyes oblique, contiguous, and placed on a strongish tubercle. Legs moderately long and strong, those of the first two pairs much the longest and strongest, of pale dull yellowish hue, the femora and tibia of the first and second pairs strongly suffused and marked with deep olive-brownish, half the femora of the fourth and a portion of those of the third pairs being similarly suffused, and armed with spines of varied length and strength; the chief spines, in respect to definite position, are a longitudinal row in front of the femora of the first and second pairs, and some longer and stronger ones in a line beneath the tibiw of the first pair; others, longer but not symmetrically placed, are also on other parts of these joints. The tibie of the first pair are long, slightly bent, and a little MAHADIVA.—AMAMRA. 55 incrassated at their fore extremities; those of the second pair are short, a little bent, and considerably enlarged beneath, and at the middle of the enlargement is a strong prominence directed forwards, furcate at its extremity, each prong of the fork ending with a strong articulated spine, the lower one stronger than the upper; in front of this, halfway to the extremity of the joint, is a smaller prominence, similarly terminated, and a strong spine quite at the extremity of the joint. The form and armature of this joint is (there can be little doubt) a character of the male only. Falces rather long, weak, prominent at their base in front, straight, vertical, of a dull pale yellowish colour suffused with dark olive-brownish on the basal half. Palpi short, the palpal bulb of large size ; cubital joint very short, but produced in front; radial joint also very short, but produced on each side. The hinder extremity of the digital joint terminates with a strong curved horn-like process, the extremity of which is red-brown, truncated, and directed outward and upwards. The palpal organs are highly developed, very prominent, complex, with corneous processes and spines; one of these, long, curved, and tapering to a blunt point, projects on the outer side, and others project conspicuously at their extremity. Mazille and labium blackish-brown tipped with pale whitish. Sternum black-brown. Abdomen rather large, broader than long, the upper surface flattened-convex, subtriangular both before and behind, with a small subconical eminence at each lateral fore corner, and some rudimentary tubercular eminences along the hinder margin; these latter are of a whitish-yellow hue, as also is an irregular patch on each side of the median line of the anterior part. The rest of the upperside is spotted or reticulated with black and whitish-yellow, with four unequal spots, of a reddish-yellow-brown, forming a square on the middle. The sides are marked with blackish lines forwards, and the underside has a large, somewhat quadrate, brown patch at its anterior extremity. Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). A single example. This spider may easily be distinguished from J/. verrucosa, Hentz, by the absence of the strong round tubercular eminences at the hinder half of the abdomen and the much longer legs of that species, besides other differences of colour and markings, and of structure of the palpal organs. AMAMRA, gen. NOV. Cephalothorax much longer than broad. Caput somewhat drawn out before, and the lateral marginal inden- tations tolerably strong; the central tubercular prominence, on which the four central eyes are placed, has its face perpendicular (or nearly so) to the clypeus. Eyes, in the main as in pera, small, the laterals parallel to the lower margins of the caput. Falces moderate in length and strength, vertical, slightly divergent. Legs short, moderately strong, 4, 1, 2, 3, and armed with spines. Mawille short, broad, bent, and inclined to the labium. Labium short, subtriangular. Abdomen short-oval, very convex above, bigibbose at its fore extremity on the upperside. Sternum heart-shaped. Amamra bituberosa, sp. n. Adult female, length 37 lines. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, clothed rather thickly with greyish-yellow adpressed hairs. Height of clypeus not equal to half that of the facial space, but greater than the diameter of a fore central eye. Eyes small, unequal; the hind centrals are of a dull amber colour, and placed rather on the sides of the posterior portion of the central prominence, which is here more prominent than the anterior portion, the latter being scarcely more prominent than the clypeus. The fore central eyes form a square, whose posterior side is rather longer than either of the others; lateral eyes widely removed from the centrals, 56 ARANEIDEA. very minute, seated contiguously on a not very strong prominence, and parallel with and not far from the margin of the caput at its anterior corners. Falces similar in colour and clothing to the cephalothorax, convex, but not very prominent in front. Legs short; 1, 2, and 4 subequal, and 3 not very short, if anything 4 longer than 1, of a yellow-brown hue, portions (mostly of 1 and 2) of the femora strongly suffused with deep yellow-brown, clotbed with hairs like the cephalothorax. Spines chiefly in two, parallel, rows beneath the tibize and metatarsi. Palpi similar to the legs in colour and armature. Maaille and labium like the cephalothorax in colour, tipped with a pale whitish or grey hue. Sternum dark yellow-brown. Abdomen of a greyish-drab colour, thickly clothed with yellow-grey pubescence, thinly mixed with short dark bristly hairs; the sides have the appearance of numerous slashings or tapering, vertical, greyish-yellow stripes ; the anterior upper part of the abdomen has an obtuse gibbosity on each side, with the space between and a little in front of them strongly suffused with deep yellow-brown. Spinners short, tolerably compact, dark yellow-brown. Genital process deep bistre-brown, prominent, strong, somewhat tapering, and directed backwards, obtusely pointed, with a protuberance on each side near the middle. Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers). A single example. This spider appears to have some slight affinity with Poltys, Koch, towards which it may perhaps be taken to indicate a passage from Epeira. KATRA, gen. nov. Allied to Cyrtarachne. Cephalothorax longer than broad. Thorax broadest behind, narrowing gradually to the lateral constrictions at caput, which are tolerably strong. Thoracic indentation strong and transverse; behind the ocular area a depression or constriction runs over to the lateral constrictions on the margin. Eyes small, in three widely separated groups, on more or less strong tuberculiform prominences. The central group of four eyes forms a small quadrangular figure, and each lateral group is seated at the extreme upper edge of the caput, the eyes of each being distinctly, but not widely, separated from each other. Legs, 1, 2, 4, 3, rather short, those of the first two pairs much the strongest; the inner sides of the tibia and metatarsi (which are of a rather bent form) armed with numerous slightly curved spines, of which many on the first and second pairs are closely and regularly set, as though designed for some purpose analogous to that of the calamistrum in some genera of spiders. Tarsi very short. Mazille short, bent, somewhat rounded at their extremities. Labium short, subtriangular. Sternum elongate, heart-shaped, or triangular. Abdomen large, semicoriaceous, immensely developed above, and furnished with prominences and tubercular projections. Kaira altiventer, sp. n. Adult female, length from the clypeus to just above the spinners 5 lines, height of abdomen from spinners to extremity of gibbosity nearly 7 lines, length of cephalothorax slightly over 2 lines, breadth of thorax 1? line. The colour of the fore part is dull brownish-yellow, and the cephalothorax is clothed thinly with fine whitish hairs. The eyes are very small, those of the central group equal to each other. The hind centrals are separated from each other by about two diameters’ distance, but each is slightly nearer than this to the fore central eye on its side. The anterior side of the central quadrangle is longer than the posterior. The height of the clypeus is slightly less than half that of the facial space. Falces moderate in length and strength, straight, vertical, rounded but not very prominent in front. Abdomen very large and high, and projecting greatly over the thorax; on each side of the upper extremity is a strong eminence (the termination pointing inwards) covered with many small blunt subconical prominences. KAIRA.—EDRICUS. 57 It is of a dull whitish-yellow, tinged with yellow-brown and marked in front and on the sides with some irregular rather darker lines, The spinners are short and compact. The genital process is very small and has a minute sharp recurved point. Hab. Panama, Veragua (Boucard). A single example. Kaira gibberosa, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines, height of abdomen 33 lines. Cephalothorax of a whitish colour, irregularly streaked with dull brownish-yellow. Height of clypeus distinctly less than half that of the facial space. Eyes of central group forming very nearly a square, whose anterior side is very slightly longer than the poste- rior side; the hinder eyes of this group are slightly larger than the fore ones. Legs short, 1, 2, 4, 3, and armed as in K. altiventer. They are yellow, marked in parts with whitish ; the fore extremities of the femora are deep brown, and the tibie, tarsi, and metatarsi are faintly annulated with yellow-brown. The femora also of the first pair are armed with some spines, of which, however, the bases only remained in the specimen examined. The falces are short, moderately strong, and similar to the cephalothorax in colour. Mawille and labium brown, tipped with a pale hue. Sternum of a still darker brown. Abdomen continuously elevated on the upperside in a subconical form, ending in a large, somewhat wrinkled, subcylindrical eminence, the extremity of which is bifid or has a subconical prominence on each side ; on the fore part of this eminence, as well as on the sides and lower hinder part of the abdomen, are some small subconical tubercles or prominences—two of these, one on each side of the median line, a little way above the spinners, are larger and more conspicuous than the rest. The colour of the abdomen is yellowish- white mixed with yellow-brown, and obscurely marked in parts with blackish; on only one part is any pattern visible, and that is on the hinder portion, where a large triangle is delineated by black lines just above the two tubercular prominences above mentioned. The spinners are very short, compact, and of a deep brown colour. The genital process is exceedingly small and inconspicuous but characteristic. Hab. Panama, Veragua (Boucard). A single example. EDRICUS, gen. nov. Cephalothorax longer than broad, narrow behind, gradually widening to the caput, and narrowing again forwards; caput produced forwards. Eyes unequal in size, on strong tubercular prominences. The four centrals are seated on a very large pro- minence, the posterior ones the largest ; those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other, on a strong projecting tubercle on the sides of the caput, and removed backwards beyond the straight line of the hind central eyes. Legs long and slender, 1, 4, 2, 3, or 4, 1, 2, 3, devoid of spines, excepting in the male, in which the tibie of the second pair are short, enlarged, and have a strong sharp spine at the fore extremity on the inner side. Falces rather long, not very strong, and inclined backwards toward the sternum. Mazille short, bent towards the labium, which is also short, and rounded at its apex. Sternum deeply indented on the lateral margins to receive the legs, which have the appearance of being inserted into its surface, especially those of the third pair, the basal joints of the fourth pair being contiguous. . Abdomen long, cylindrical, produced over the spinners and armed with spines. This genus shows some affinity with Acrosoma. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Mebruary 1890. If 58 ARANEIDEA. Edricus spinigerus, sp. n. Adult male, length 3 lines, length of cephalothorax 1} line. Cephalothorax rather flat, the surface granulose, and of a deep rich reddish-brown colour, thinly clothed with short white coarse hairs. The normal grooves and indentations shallow and slightly marked. The height of the clypeus, which is very retreating, about equal to half that of the facial space. The hinder eyes of the central group are large, and separated from each other by about two diameters, and seated one on each side of the hinder part of the central prominence; the anterior eyes are small, nearer together on the lower part of the front of the prominence. The laterals are smallest, and seated obliquely and contiguously on a prominence. Legs brown, clothed with hairs; the basal half of the metatarsi paler, and the tibiee darker than the rest; the tibiee often incrassated, and armed with a strong sharp spine near the fore extremity and rather on the inner side. Palpi very short, the radial joint obtusely produced on the outer side. The cubital joint has a longish, promi- nent, tapering, filiform, pointed, curved bristle on its fore side; palpal bulb roundish, and not very large; palpal organs prominent, highly developed and complex, with spines and corneous processes. Falces, maxille, labium, and sternum deep brown. Abdomen long, cylindrical, its margins a little sinuous ; its hinder part is produced beyond the spinners, and is a little elevated, enlarged, and rounded at its extremity, on the upperside of which there are three sharp, conical, spine-like prominences, describing a triangle whose base is towards the thorax; at the anterior extremity of the abdomen are four spines, the two foremost, on one side, long, tapering, and sharp, and a little way behind each is a very small one, with a still more rudimentary one between each and the posterior extremity. The abdomen is black in colour, marked on the upperside with a pale yellowish slightly angulated line along its whole length on each side, touching the spines above mentioned; along the centre also are some other indistinct pale lines and markings, and between the spinners and the apex of the triangle, formed by the three hinder spines, is a large pale yellow-brown kite-shaped marking. The spinners are very short and compact, and on each side of the under surface, in the middle, between them and the fore extremity, is a short yellow stripe or elongated spot. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example. ~ KEYSERLINGIA, gen. nov. Allied to Edricus, but easily distinguished by the lateral eyes being separated from each other by nearly two diameters’ interval; the tubercles, also, on which they are seated are less prominent. The central eyes are as in Edricus, as also is the form of the cephalothorax. Legs, 4,1, 2,3, short, devoid of spines, the femora of the first and second pairs the strongest and slightly tuberculose. Sternum as in Edricus; the basal joints of the posterior pair of legs are articulated into a distinctly raised kind of socket-joint, and nearly contiguous to each other at the hinder extremity of the sternum, which is covered over by the somewhat produced thorax with a sort of shield, which also covers the pedicle connecting it with the abdomen. Abdomen broadest behind, where it is produced into a blunt caudiform prolongation. Spinners small, compact, and seated at the end of a sheath-like circular prominence, like that of Gaster- acantha and others. Keyserlingia cornigera, sp. n. Adult male, length 27 lines. Cephalothorax glossy, of a yellowish-brown colour, obscurely marked along the normal indentations with a deeper hue; the slope from the hinder extremity to the ocular area is gradual and uniform, but not great. The height of the clypeus is about half that of the facial space. The eyes are on black tuberculate spots; those of the central group (of four eyes) form a square whose KEYSERLINGIA.—CYRTARACHNE. 59 anterior side is the shortest. The hind-centrals are the largest of the eight. The fore laterals with the hind centrals form a straight transverse line over the caput. The falces are short, moderately strong, roundly prominent in front, inclined a little towards the sternum, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax, as are also the maxille and labium. The sternum is rather darker than those parts, and is transversely rugulose. The leys are of a dull greenish-yellow-brown colour; the femora of the first two pairs are the darkest, and somewhat tuberculose on the surface; they are furnished with hairs only. The palp? are short, similar to the legs in colour. The palpal bulb is rather large. The radial joint is dilated in front, obtusely prominent on the outer side, and has a short, sharp, spine-like prominence at the fore extremity on the inner side, and from immediately underneath its anterior extremity on the upperside, and close to the base of the digital joint, issues a long, strong, curved, tapering, but obtusely pointed horn-like spine, directed backwards, while its point is directed forwards (I found it very difficult to see the exact origin of this horn-like spine, whether it is connected with the radial or digital joint or with the palpal organs, but I think it issues from the inside of the radial joint). The digital joints are of irregular form. The palpal organs are large, prominent, and not very complex, consisting chiefly of a large corneous lobe, which is drawn out into two or more coincident processes at its extremity, directed outwards, and has a small, curved, prominent, slightly tapering spine, pointing outwards beneath its basal portion. The abdomen is of a triangular form, widening gradually from its fore extremity, but its hinder part is pro- duced into a short, blunt, caudal prominence, giving the whole a somewhat diamond shape. It is of a dull leaden-brown hue, the upperside thickly marked with white and yellowish, and with a brown sub- triangular pattern, corresponding nearly to the form of the abdomen, this portion being very glossy. The sides are somewhat longitudinally rugulose. The anterior portion of the underside is covered with a coriaceous, oblong, granulose, slightly reddish-brown cuticle, forming at its extremity a circular collar, into which the pedicle connecting the abdomen and cephalothorax is inserted. The spinners are very short, inserted at the extremity of a kind of coriaceous, prominent, deep-brown sheath of a truncated cone-shape. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example. CYRTARACHNE, Thorell. Cyrtarachne decem-tuberculata, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines. Cephalothorax of a deep black-bistre-brown, covered with minute tubercles or granulosities, from which spring short spine-like black bristles, mixed with greyish hairs; the hinder part of the thorax has a yellowish longitudinal band, with a deep brown stripe along the middle. Eyes large. Those of the central group are much the largest, and describe a square whose anterior side is rather the longest ; the posterior pair are separated by an eye’s diameter ; those of the anterior pair (which are the largest) also appear to be divided by a similar interval. The height of the clypeus equals the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The lateral eyes are on the extreme outer sides of the caput, con- tiguous, and seated on a strong tubercle. The falces are rather long, not very strong, straight, deep brown, paler at the base and extremities. Legs rather short, tolerably strong, devoid of spines, 1, 2, 4, 3, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, annu- lated rather distinctly with yellow and dull orange. ‘Lhe tibie are rather bent, and enlarged at their anterior extremities, and all the femora are covered with strongish tubercular prominences of various sizes. Palpi very short, similar to the legs in colour; palpal bulb large, nearly globular, Palpal organs large, pro- minent, and tolerably complex, with corneous lobes and processes. Mawille and labium deep black-brown tipped with greyish. Sternum deep bistre-brown, with a dull orange-brown oval marking towards the fore part, and some similarly coloured marginal spots. If 2 60 ARANEIDEA., Abdomen large, triangular, projecting greatly over the thorax, where it is most massive. It is of a dull leaden- black hue, its surface pretty thickly covered with small red-brown tubercles or granulosities, from whence issue small spinous bristles; there are also ten red-brown gibbosities of different sizes, somewhat sub- conical in form and similarly granulose, distributed over the abdomen, six (three on each side) on the upper part and four on the posterior slope—the intermediate one on each side is the largest, and is bifid at its extremity, the lower pair on the posterior slope (which is almost perpendicular) being the smallest. There are some small indistinct whitish markings along the median line of the upper part and posterior slope, and an oblong yellowish patch from the spinners to the lowest pair of gibbosities. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A single example only of this very distinct species has been received. ACROSOMA, Perty. Acrosoma furcula, sp. n. Adult female, length 5 lines, length of the abdomen nearly 4 lines. Cephalothorax glossy, reddish-brown, clothed with whitish silky hairs especially on the sides and hinder part. Thorax more convex than the caput. Normal grooves and indentations very slight, excepting the thoracic indentation, which is circular and deep. Eyes of the central group forming a square. The legs are short, 4, 1, 2, 3, slender, clothed with hairs, but without spines, and of a yellow-brown colour. Mawxille and labium deep blackish-brown, with the extremities and apex pale. Sternum deep bistre-brown, heart-shaped, transversely impressed, and with small marginal eminences. Abdomen projecting over the whole thorax: it is of a somewhat oblong-oval shape, truncate before, and with its posterior extremity produced in a caudal form, the produced part ending in a strong fork, or two lobes, each of which terminates with a small spiny point. The upper surface is glossy, of a yellow or orange colour, pretty thickly covered with transverse curved rows of bright rusty-red cicatricose spots of various sizes, some of which have deep red or blackish centres, and there is a dusky central longitudinal line towards the hinder end. The sides are strongly rugulose, and with the under surface are yellowish- brown, a little mixed with yellow. In some examples the upperside of the abdomen has some short black transverse lines on the outer (lateral) margins, these lines being connected with the red spots nearest the margin. The abdomen is thinly clothed with fine pale silky hairs. The spinners are about one-third of the distance from the fore end, on a strong, subconical, obliquely truncated prominence. The genital process is prominent and characteristic in form. Hab. GuateMALA, Dolores, Menché on the River Usumacinta, and between Dolores and Chapallal (Sarg). In his notes, Mr. Sarg speaks of the abdominal spots as being of an “ intense scarlet ” ; in other respects the colours do not appear to have been much affected by preservation in spirit. Acrosoma parallelum, sp. n. Adult male, length 23 lines, length of the abdomen rather over 14 line. Of a flattened form. The cephalothorax and abdomen extending in the same plane, and their upper surface on the same level. The colour of the former is brownish-yellow, with a broad lateral band of darker yellow- brown on each side. The sides of the thorax are thickly marked with impressed points or punctures, The eyes are normal, seated on slight tubercles. The four centrals form a small square group. Clypeus narrow and retreating. ; Falces small and directed backwards. Legs rather short and slender, 4, 1, 2, 3, furnished with hairs and fine spines ; of the latter there are two ACROSOMA. 61 longitudinal parallel rows beneath the tibia of the first and second pairs. The colour of the legs is yellow-brown, the femora rather the darkest. The palpi are short, pale brownish-yellow. The digital joint is darker, and has its hinder extremity pro- duced into acurved horn-like somewhat obtusely pointed prominence directed outwards. The palpal bulb is of fair size ; the palpal organs are prominent and well developed, with processes whose points project at the fore end. The sternum is small, of a rather narrow-oval shape; the legs are articulated on its sides and in the same plane, the articulations being covered in a shield-like form by the projecting margins of the thorax. The abdomen is about double the length of the cephalothorax, and narrow; the hinder extremity truncate in a slightly curved form ; the sides are nearly parallel, being very slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed outwards ; the fore end fits up close upon and over the thorax. It is of a dull luteous-yellowish hue above, with an incomplete blackish marginal band on each side, whose outer edge is white. The hinder extremity has a blackish, more or less diffused spot or patch above. The underside is yellow- brown, more or less suffused with blackish; at the posterior extremity is a somewhat conical promi- nent point on each side, above which are two transverse ruge. ‘The spinners, which are short, compact, and but little prominent, are placed more than one-third of the distance from these ruge to the anterior extremity of the abdomen. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Several examples. Acrosoma longicauda, sp. n. Adult male, length 24 lines, length of the abdomen 12, that of the portion beyond the spinners 1} line, The cephalothorax is of a yellow-brown colour, and its surface is granulose and thinly clothed with short hairs, The normal grooves and indentations are fairly defined, and the posterior margin is a little turned up. The eyes of the central group form a square. The legs are short, 4, 1, 2, 3, of a brownish-yellow colour, the femora of the first three pairs being of the same hue as the cephalothorax. They are furnished with short hairs but are destitute of spines, and the under- sides of the femora are slightly granulose. The palpi are short, the palpal bulb rather large. The digital joint has its hinder extremity produced into a strong, curved, bifid, obtusely pointed prominence directed outwards; the palpal organs are highly deve- loped, and have several prominent corneous lobes and processes. The sternum is elongate-oval or somewhat subtriangular, convex, and granulose, similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The abdomen is narrow, oval, truncated before, and fixed to the cephalothorax by a short pedicle. Its hinder extremity is produced into a long caudiform prolongation, whose posterior portion is segmented, or at any rate has the appearance of it from two strong transverse constrictions, the hinder edges of each of which overlap the next segment. The extreme end is rather dilated and truncate, with four subconical pro- minences, one at each corner. (I suspect that the segments noted above are so far real segments that the caudal portion can be elevated or depressed, like a true tail. They are probably an extreme development of the transverse rugs, observable very distinctly in some, and slightly in most, spiders at the extremity of the abdomen—to speak more correctly, they are perhaps a reversal to, or may be the survival of, an original segmented condition common to the far off progenitors of the Araneidea.) The whole upper surface of the abdomen is coriaceous, finely granulose, and covered with short hairs; it is of a pale yellow-brown colour, obscurely marked on the upperside and also along the underside (this part being granulose) with blackish ; on the upperside near the middle are two pairs of reddish-brown oval spots, margined narrowly with yellowish, and forming an oblong figure, the posterior pair being much the largest. The sides of the abdomen are longitudinally rugulose. The spinners are in a strong sheath-like prominence, and placed scarcely more than one-fourth of the way from the fore extremity towards the hinder part of the caudal prolongation. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). 62 ARANEIDEA. ~ This remarkable spider may easily be distinguished by its long, narrow, caudiform abdomen. Acrosoma calcaratum, sp. n. Adult male, length 24 lines, length of the abdomen 14 line. The cephalothorax is of a deep bistre-brown colour, very glossy. The normal grooves and indentations are slight, the central portion of the ocular region is rather produced forwards, and the posterior margin is truncated and curved upwards. The eyes of the central group form a quadrangular figure whose posterior side is rather longer than the anterior. The legs are slender, moderately long, 4, 1, 2,3. The fore sides of the femora of the first, second, and fourth pairs are granulose ; the third and fourth pairs are dark yellowish-brown ; the femora of the first and second pairs, as well as the undersides of the tibia and metatarsi, are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, the other portions being yellowish-brown. They are furnished with hairs, but are destitute of spines. The palpi are short, the palpal bulb large. The digital joint has a short, curved, obtusely pointed process at its base on the outer side. The palpal organs are very prominent and highly developed; two long, strong, contiguous, corneous processes extend from their fore extremity rather backwards, and at their base on the outer side there projects a spiny process, one of whose limbs forms a longish, curved, horn-like, not very sharp pointed spine. There are also other spines and processes connected with these organs. The sternum is of a subtriangular form and granulose, with marginal eminences near the articulation and a strong transverse impression near the hinder extremity of the legs (in respect to the articulation of the latter there is the same peculiarity in A. parallelum and other species). The abdomen is articulated to the thorax by a short but distinct pedicle ; it is half as long again as the cephalo- thorax, narrow (equal to the width of the hinder part of the thorax) in front, and enlarging gradually to rather more than double the breadth at its hinder extremity, which is deeply indented—it is thus of an elongate-triangular form. The upperside is black and glossy, with narrow yellowish-white lateral and posterior margins; in the centre is a dull yellowish, suffused, slightly tuberculose spot, and midway between it and the hinder margin are two larger, round, yellowish-white, well-defined tubercular spots near together, but not contiguous, in a transverse line. The lateral margins of the abdomen are some- what sinuous, indicating suppressed eminences, which in the female may very probably be represented by distinct prominences or spines; each corner of the hinder extremity has a group of several small tuber- cular prominences. The spinners are in a strong, prominent, sheath-like prominence, and situated about one third of the way from the hinder extremity towards the fore end. The underside is dark yellow- brown and strongly rugulose. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). A very distinct species. Acrosoma brevipes, sp. n. Adult male, length 13-2 lines, length of the abdomen 1-14 line. This spider may easily be distinguished from A. parallelum by the dark olive-brown, uniformly glossy cephalo- _ thorax; the shorter and more slender legs, which are devoid of spines; the abdomen much less flattened in form, and narrower before, and enlarging gradually to the posterior extremity, where it is bluff and truncated; and the spinners prominent and placed nearly midway between the fore end and the hinder part. The legs are 4, 1, 2, 3, dull yellowish-brown behind, but much darker in front. The palpi are somewhat similar in general structure and appearance to those of .A. parallelum, but the palpal bulb is rather smaller ; the production at the base of the digital joint has its end strongly hooked, with a prominent though bluntish point behind the crook, giving it a bifid appearance. The radial joint is also bifid at its anterior extremity, being produced into two sharp corneous points. The palpal organs have ACROSOMA,. 63 several strong corneous processes, one of which projects at their fore end, and is enlarged and trun- cated at its extremity. The sternum is dark black-brown, and its surface is marked with some converging grooves and. furrows. The abdomen is joined to the thorax by a short but distinct pedicle ; its breadth at the fore end is equal to that of the base of the thorax, but it enlarges gradually to at least double that breadth at the hinder end; it has a rudimentary prominence at each fore corner, two on each lateral margin, and one at each hinder corner. ‘These prominences are black, and give the margins of the upperside a sinuous appearance. The upper surface is glossy, and varies from dark yellowish-brown to blackish ; about the middle is a white spot followed towards the hinder extremity by two others, larger and close together in a transverse line; the sides and posterior extremity beneath are rugulose, of a yellowish-brown colour marked with vertical rows of whitish spots. The underside varies from yellowish-brown to black-brown. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Acrosoma vitiosum, sp. n. Adult male, length 13-2 lines. Cephalothorax of a more than usually regular oval form, its colour deep pitchy-brown; the normal grooves and indentations obsolete, excepting a small indentation at the thoracic junction. The surface is covered closely with fine stric. The eyes of the central group form a quadrangular figure, longer than broad, its anterior side rather shorter than the posterior. The /egs are rather short, 4, 1,2,3, The femora and tibie of the first and second pairs are considerably stronger than the rest; they are furnished with hairs and spines, the latter weak and not very conspicuous ; colour yellow-brown, deepening into blackish-brown on the femora. The palpi are short and similar to the legs in colour. The palpal bulb is rather large. The digital joint has two subconical prominences, one at its base, the other near the middle; the radial joint is very short but prominent, both on its inner and outer sides. The palpal organs are very prominent, with several bold lobes and corneous processes. The sternum is small, oval, and black, and has the legs articulated to it as in A. parallelum. Abdomen rather longer than the cephalothorax, to which it is joined by a very short pedicle ; narrow in front, and enlarging gradually to its hinder extremity, which is roundly truncate ; it has a short-pointed pro- minence on each lateral margin nearer to the hinder than to the fore extremity, and another at each corner of the hinder extremity. Its colour is black, with a narrow anterior margin of yellowish-white, several irregular ochre-coloured spots or patches along each lateral margin, and a largish oblong-oval, transverse, convex, somewhat tuberculose spot of pale cream-colour near the middle of the upperside, and in front of this are three very minute points or prominences in a transverse line across the abdomen. The spinners are prominent and situated a little way from the posterior extremity. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is allied to A. brevipes, but may easily be distinguished by its darker hues and the stronger anterior legs (which latter are not spinose in A. brevipes), as well as by its markings and the very different structure of the palpi and palpal organs. Acrosoma 12-spinosum, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines, length of the abdomen 12 line. Cephalothorax longer than broad; thorax considerably gibbous just behind the thoracic junction, and per- ceptibly raised above the level of the caput; colour dull yellowish, with a broad longitudinal band of dusky brown on each side. Eyes of the central group forming a square whose posterior side is slightly shorter than the others. The poste- rior eyes of this group are much larger than the others, which, with the laterals, are very small. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3, slender ; similar in colour to the cephalothorax, furnished with hairs, and on the tibiz of the first pair are a few very fine spine-like bristles. All the femoral joints are finely granulose. 64 ARANEIDEA. Abdomen somewhat quadrate, longer than broad, or, at least, its width at the posterior extremity, exclusive of the prongs of the two hinder corners, almost equal to its length. The anterior extremity is concave to admit the thorax, and is nearly equal in width to the cephalothorax, and each of its corners is pro- longed into a sharp tapering spine of no great length, directed forwards in the same plane as the level upper surface of the abdomen ; each hinder corner is produced into a considerable and strongly divergent prominence directed obliquely outwards and upwards, the extremity of which is trifid—the central limb largest, and the inferior one, which is directed rather downwards, smallest, each limb tapering, cor- neous, and ending with a dark spiny point; on each lateral margin of the abdomen in advance of the hinder prominence are two small slightly curved spines in a longitudinal line, the anterior one on each side being nearly halfway between the fore and hind corners. The abdomen is of a cream-yellow colour, margined laterally with dusky brownish, and has a double row of dark impressed spots on each lateral margin, and six larger reddish-brown ones in three pairs in the median line of the fore part of the upperside ; the posterior part, which is of a triangular form, is also cream-yellow, marked with four longitudinal rows of small impressed dark points; the sides are longitudinally rugulose, dark brown, with two or more yellow spots along each rugulosity. The spinners are in the usual, almost circular sheath-like prominence. Underside dull olive-greenish-yellow-brown ; genital prominence strong and of character- istic form. The falces, mawille, labiwm, and sternum are similar in colour to the cephalothorax. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Acrosoma fericulum, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 14 line, length of the abdomen 1 line. Cephalothorax dull yellowish-brown, less flattened, or rather more regularly curved than in some other species of the genus; normal grooves and indentations slightly marked. Eyes of the central group on black spots, forming a square whose anterior side is shorter than the others. Legs short and slender, 4, 1, 2, 3, of a yellow-brown colour, some of the joints partially or wholly suffused or marked with dark brown and blackish. Sternum convex, heart-shaped, deep bistre-brown, and devoid of lateral eminences. Abdomen large, double the length of the cephalothorax, and attached to it by a short pedicle. It is of a some- what subtriangular form, bluff and rounded behind. On the upperside on the lateral margin are three pairs of sharp, slightly curved, outwardly directed, thorn-like spines, these being continuations of the abdo- minal prominences ; the anterior pair of spines are a short distance behind the fore extremity, the middle pair rather nearer the hinder than to the anterior pair, the hinder pair a little way from the posterior extremity and rather shorter than the others, which are of nearly equal size, the middle pair being perhaps the longest. On each side of the rounded posterior part of the abdomen is another short spine. The abdomen is of a yellow-brown hue, marked above with some small round, reddish, cicatricose spots, and three whitish-yellow tubercular spots in the form of a triangle about the middle, the largest spot (the apex of the triangle) in front; the spines are black; and there is a whitish longitudinal stripe behind each of the three pairs of prominences. The sides are rugulose and marked with two vertical dull yellowish stripes. Spinners very prominent, at the extremity of a large subconical sheath-like eminence, a little way behind the middle of the underside. Genital aperture not very conspicuous, but of charac- teristic form. Hab. Guatemaua, Menché, Yzabal (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). The above description is chiefly taken from the Bugaba specimens. In Mr. Sarg’s collection there is an example from Menché, and another from Yzabal, both immature males ; these have the three larger pairs of spines on the abdomen rather straighter, and the fourth pair obsolete. -SADALA. 65 SADALA, Simon. (Sparassus, Keyserling, partim.) | This genus is nearly allied to Sparassus, Olios, and Sarotes. It was formed for various South-American species by Mons. Simon in 1880, in his “ Révision de la Famille des Sparasside ” (Actes de la Soc. Linn. ‘de Bordeaux, xxxiv. p. 317); bunt whether the slight differences given between Sadala and those genera are sufficient to justify the formation of a separate genus seems doubtful. The specimen from which the species. below is described has been kindly examined by M. Simon, and by him referred to Sadala. Sadala simonii, sp. n. Adult female, length very nearly 12 lines. The cephalothorax is very slightly longer than broad ; profile strongly and evenly convex; lateral marginal indentations at the junction of the caput and thorax very slight; broad and obtuse at the anterior margin ; height of the clypeus equal to the diameter of one of the anterior central eyes. The colour of the cephalothorax and legs is reddish-orange; the latter having the fore extremity of the femora, and nearly the whole of the metatarsi, and a slight suffusion beneath the hinder extremity of the tibie, blackish-red- brown, the tarsi having a very broad central dark band ; while the metatarsi are clothed with deep orange- yellow hairs towards the margin, and divided longitudinally by a strong blackish line or narrow stripe ; the sides of the caput, along the junctional line with the thorax, also suffused with brownish, and a black line, broken by the fore central pair of eyes, runs round the anterior margin. ‘The upper surface of the cephalothorax is thinly covered with pale hairs. . The eyes are all of a pale amber colour and are in two nearly concentric curved rows, the posterior row being rather the most strongly curved, the convexity of the curve directed backwards. The central pair of the anterior row are the largest of the eight, and are rather nearer to each other than to the laterals on either side. Those of the posterior row are smallest, about equal in size, and the central pair are distinctly (rather considerably) nearer to each other than to the laterals respectively.- The four central eyes form a trapezoid whose anterior side is distinctly the shortest; the eyes forming the anterior side are separated from each other by a little less than a diameter’s interval, and from those of the posterior side by a rather greater distance. | The Jegs are long and tolerably strong, 2, 1, 4, 3, armed with strongish but not numerous spines, and clothed thinly with fine hairs ; the tarsi and metatarsi are furnished with a rather dense broad scopula throughout, and with claw-tufts; the underside of the two basal joints of the legs are dark coloured, like the labium. (Their colour in other respects has been noted above.) The palpi are similar in colour to the legs ; the radial and digital joints being thickly clothed with short dark hairs. The falces are powerful, vertical, prominent at their base in front, and of a rich deep black-brown hue. The maaille are of tolerable length, rather inclined to the labium, rounded and enlarged at their extremities, which are pale, clothed with coarse reddish hairs, the remainder being deep red-brown. The labiwm is almost quadrate, the corners of the apex being slightly rounded off ; its colour is rather darker than that of the maxilli. The sternum is heart-shaped, and of a deep blackish-red-brown colour. The abdomen is large, oval, and considerably convex above; it is of a reddish-buff colour, fairly clothed with short fine hairs, some of which are of a brownish hue. The underside is brown-black, and on each side rather beneath the fore extremity is a dark diffused patch. The spinners are short and compact. The form of the genital aperture, which is, however, not of large size, is characteristic, but simple. © Hab. Guatemata, Salinas de Nueve Cerros (Sarg). Mr. Sarg has the following note upon this spider: “ Whilst clearing for camp towards BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., December 1890. Kt 66 ARANEIDEA, evening this remarkably handsome spider was observed running away on the ground. Two Indians who took it up successively as quickly dropped it on receiving sharp bites; it was most active and pugnacious, but was finally secured by Mr. Reutter. The bitten men complained of severe itching for hours afterwards,” The colour of the abdomen is described by Mr. Sarg as ‘‘deep red-orange furred with hairs of cadmium-yellow,” and the underside “a shade of chocolate and purple madder.” These richer colours therefore have now subsided into the plainer ones described above from the preserved specimen. Sadala fugiens, sp. n. Adult male, length 6 lines. The cephalothorax is a little longer than broad ; caput broad, slightly curvo-truncate anteriorly, the lateral mar- ginal compression rather strong; profile curvo-convex ; colour dull orange-yellow, the caput, especially its sides along the junction with the thorax, strongly suffused with brown; the other normal indentations are also marked with dusky brown. ‘The height of the clypeus is rather less than the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The eyes are in two as nearly as possible straight lines, though if looked at in some positions the lines might be described as slightly curved, the convexity of the curves directed backwards, and the anterior row more curved than the posterior. The two central eyes of the anterior row are scarcely, if at all, larger than the laterals; those of the posterior row are smallest, and of equal size. The interval between the hind central pair is distinctly less than that between each and the lateral next to it. The eyes of the anterior row are equidistant from each other. The four central eyes form a square whose anterior side is rather the shortest. The legs are long, moderately strong, 2, 1, 4, 3. Their colour is orange-red-brown, the tarsi and metatarsi of a deeper hue, and furnished with a broad scopula and claw-tuft. Spines moderately long and strong. The palpi are of moderate length; the cubital joint is short, but a little longer than broad; the radial joint is just double the length of the cubital, slightly enlarging towards the fore extremity, which ends on the outer side with a small tapering, not very sharp-pointed apophysis, no longer than the width of the hinder extremity of the joint. The digital joint is long, narrow-oval, longer than the radial and cubital joints together, and of a dark brown hue, thickly clothed with hairs, the rest of the palpus being similar in colour to the legs. Palpal organs simple. The falces are powerful, straight, not very convex in profile, of a deep rich red-brown colour, clothed with coarse pale hairs and bristles. The mawzle are strong, straight, enlarged and rounded at the extremity, slightly inclined to the labium, of the same colour as the falces, and furnished with a tuft of coarse reddish hairs at the extremity on the inner side. The Jabiwm is nearly square, rather rounded at the apex, and about the length of the maxille, which it resembles in colour. The sternum is heart-shaped, pale yellow, similar in colour to the basal joints of the legs. The abdomen is oval, broadest in front, of a yellow-brown colour, clothed with pale hairs. The normal marking on the fore half of the upperside (corresponding to the dorsal vessel) is indicated by dark brownish broken marks and lines, followed on the hinder half by an indistinct longitudinal series of reddish-brown united angular markings or chevrons, which reach to the spinners ; these are short and compact, and from them to the spiracular plates extends a broad deep blackish-brown central band which widens as it runs forwards, and becomes of an elongate lyre-shape. The sides are marked with oblique dark irregular lines. Hab, GuateMata, Montafia de Cahabon (Sarg). Mons. Simon has kindly examined the specimen above described, and determines it SADALA.—OLIOS. 67 to be of his genus Sadala, the characters of which, however, as given by him (J. ¢. antea) would seem to need revision in order to include it. VINDULLUS, Simon, Formed for a spider from Brazil, nearly allied to Sparassus, by Mons. Simon (Actes de Ja Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, xxxiv. p. 288). The specimen from which a new species has been described below has been examined by M. Simon, and determined to be of this genus. Vindullus similis, sp. n. Adult female, length rather over 4} lines. This spider (in the cabinet specimen) is of a uniform yellow, the abdomen being paler than the rest, and clothed with pale hairs. The cephalothoraw is distinctly longer than broad; profile rather flattened convex. Caput moderately broad, and rather roundly truncated anteriorly on the upper margin; the height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes, and the lateral marginal indentation of the caput is tolerably strong. The eyes are small, pale brownish coloured. Those of the fore central pair are slightly the largest. The anterior row is straight, though it looks curved in some positions owing to the curvature of the fore margin of the caput; its eyes are equidistant from each other. The posterior row is longest and very slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards ; the interval between the central pair of this row is distinctly, in fact considerably, greater than that between each and the lateral eye next to it of the same row. (In M. Simon’s characters of the genus the eyes of the posterior row are stated to be equi- distant from each other, and the four centrals to form a square, whereas in this species they form a trapezoid or square, whose posterior side is distinctly longer than the other three sides, which are equal.) The legs are very slender, 2, 1, 4, 3; on the upper side of the fore half of the metatarsi and throughout the tarsi are two parallel red-brown, not very distinct, longitudinal lines. They are furnished with rather long pale hairs, a thin scopula, and claw-tuft. The spines are long, tolerably strong, sessile, and of a brownish- red hue; the most conspicuous are beneath the tibis and metatarsi—three pairs in two parallel rows under the tibise, and two pairs under the metatarsi, the latter being the longest and strongest. The palpi are similar in colour and armature to the legs. The mawille are moderately long, enlarged and rounded at the extremity, and slightly inclined to the labium, which is about equal in length and breadth, but rather widened and rounded at the apex. The falces are moderately strong, vertical, and straight, their profile not greatly convex. The abdomen is of moderate size, rather roundly truncated anteriorly, and somewhat tapering to the spinners, which are short and compact. The form of the genital aperture is simple but characteristic. Hab. GuatTeMALa, Chisec (Sarg). Mr. Sarg says that when caught this spider was of a bright green hue. OLIOS, Walckenaer (partim). Olios erroneus, sp. n. Adult female, length 7-73 lines. The whole of the fore part of this spider, except the falces, is of an orange-yellow colour, and the abdomen is of a paler, more clayey hue. The underside of the abdomen has a broad longitudinal dusky-blackish band with a pale margin. The falces are deep reddish-brown. The cephalothorav is longer than broad ; profile flattishly curved. Kf 2 68 _ ARANEIDEA. » The eyes are small, those of the fore central pair rather the largest ; the two rows are straight, though (for the same reasons given in respect to O. manifestus) apparently ¢ curved ; those of each row respectively are equidistant from each other. The four centrals describe a square whose anterior side is slightly, but perceptibly, shorter than the other sides. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of a fore central eye. The legs, 2, 1, 4, 3, are long and tolerably strong ; they are clothed with rather long pale hairs, also, but not thickly, with long slender spines; and there is a dense, very broad, pad-like, dark mouse-brown scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi, with claw-tuft. The scopula gives a broad dark plumigerous appearance to the legs. . The falces are massive, a little projecting. Profile convex, and furnished with coarse reddish hairs in front. The mawille are moderately long, straight, much enlarged at the extremity, and similar to the falces in colour. The labium is nearly quadrate, a little broader than long, with the corners of the apex slightly rounded ; its colour is like that of the maxille. The sternum is short, heart-shaped, orange-yellow. The abdomen is large, oval. The spinners are short and compact, and the genital aperture is rather large, but of simple and characteristic form. The upperside of the abdomen appears to be destitute of pattern, and only clothed thickly with fine pale hairs. Hab. Guatemata, Petexbatun and Antigua (Sarg). Olios manifestus, sp. n. Adult female, length 44 lines ; adult male, length 33 lines. Female. The cephalothorax is equal in length and breadth; profile of caput rather flattened convex, broad and obtuse, nearly squarely truncate, at the eyes; its colour is orange-yellow, the caput has a few black bristly hairs on the margins and in the median line, and the normal converging indentations are faintly marked by dusky lines. The eycs are in two transverse rows, of which the anterior is shortest and straight, though owing to the slightly curved outline of the caput it has the appearance of being also curved, and the same may be said of the posterior row ; owing, however, to the curvature of the surface of that part the two rows are not, as otherwise they would be, concentric, but the extremities converge a little towards each other. They are small, all on slight black spots; those of the fore central pair are the largest, but not greatly so; those of the pasterior row are of equal size, the interval between the two centrals being rather greater than that between each and the lateral on its side, and exceeding two diameters ; those of the anterior row are equidistant from each other, the interval between the two centrals being slightly more than a diameter. The four central eyes form a trapezoid whose posterior side is perceptibly the longest, the anterior being slightly the shortest. The height of the clypeus appears to be rather less than a diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The legs are long, rather slender, 2, 1, 4, 3, orange-yellow in colour, speckled pretty thickly, chiefly below: with small, deep red-brown spots and specks, slightly hairy, and armed with long, but not very numerous spines. There is a thin dusky scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi, and a strongish claw-tuft at the extremity of the former. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. The falces are tolerably strong, straight, nearly vertical, convex in front, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, furnished with bristly and other hairs, and each is marked with a longitudinal blackish line in front, rather towards the outer side, and fining off to nothing a little below the middle. The mawillw are short, slightly inclined to the labium, enlarged and rounded at the extremity, and of a rather paler hue than the cephalothorax. The labium is shorter than broad, the sides parallel, the apex very slightly curved. Colour like that of the maxille and sternum, which last is broad heart-shaped. The abdomen is oval, of moderate size, rather truncate anteriorly, and of a brownish-orange colour, thinly clothed with pale greyish hairs; on the fore half of the upperside is a slightly darker longitudinal central tapering marking whose margins are indicated by an imperfect reddish-brown line, and following this to the OLIOS. _ | 69 spinners is a series of angular red-brown markings, or connected chevrons, the spaces between them being paler than the ground-colour, and so forming of themselves a longitudinal series of pale chevrons, The sides of the abdomen are marked indistinctly with broken blackish lines and scratchy marks. Spinners short, compact, and of a yellow colour. The underside is slightly suffused with dusky brown, bounded _ on each side by a pale longitudinal line. The genital aperture is inconspicuous but characteristic. The male resembles the female in general characters, colours, and markings; but its legs are longer and more slender, and its eyes larger. The radial joint of the palpus is longer than the cubital, and is greatly enlarged at its fore extremity, where its outer side is produced into a large apophysis, larger than the joint, enlarged and obtuse at its extremity, which ends off suddenly in a ‘small point directed down- wards. (Nothing, however, except figures, could give a correct idea of its exact form.) The digital joint is very large, elongate oval, longer than the femoral and cubital joints together, and has a somewhat truncated prominence at its hinder extremity (or base). The palpal organs are highly developed, though not very complex; a strong curved process surrounds their posterior portion, and running round the inner margin fines off into a slender point beneath the fore extremity of the joint. Had. GuatemaLa, Cahabon and Petexbatun (Sarg). Olios Sagus, sp. n. Adult female, length 5 lines. The cephalothorax is a little longer than broad; caput broad, squarely truncated in front ; lateral marginal indentations strong ; colour dull orange-yellowish; clothed with pale hairs, and with some prominent bristles on the caput; the normal indentations are indicated by broken black-brown lines, and there are also some other irregular lines on the caput. The eyes are on black spots; the posterior row is straight, the interval between those of the central pair greater than that between each and the adjacent lateral; the anterior row is curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards. The fore central eyes are rather the largest and are seated on a slight prominence; the interval between them is rather larger than that between each and the lateral eye next to it. The four central eyes form a trapezoid whose posterior side is rather the longest. The height of the clypeus is slightly less than the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The legs are moderately long and strong, 2, 1, 4, 3, similar to the cephalothorax in colour, clothed with pale hairs, and thickly speckled with small reddish- brown spots. Spines long and tolerably strong, a broad scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi, and a claw-tuft. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature. The digital joint is the darkest and densely clothed with brown hairs. The falces are rather short, but massive, projecting, strongly prominent in front; rather richer coloured than the cephalothorax, and marked in front with a longitudinal black tapering stripe or line. The maxille and labiwm are normal in form, and similar to the cephalothorax in colour. The abdomen is oval, of a dull brownish-yellow hue. The normal dorsal marking is yellow, margined with a broken dark red-brown line, and a short oblique yellow stripe issues each side towards its hinder extremity. The dorsal marking is followed to the spinners by a series of pale angular markings or chevrons, within the apex of each of which is a red-brown angular spot, forming a longitudinal series reaching quite to the spinners. The sides are marked with indistinct brown lines and spots. The under- side has a broad, longitudinal, central dark brown band margined with a yellowish line, and two indistinct parallel yellowish lines near together along the middle. The genital aperture is moderately large and of characteristic form. Spinners short, compact. Hab. Guaremats, Petexbatun (Sarg). Olios exasperans, sp. n. - Adult female, length 63 lines. The cephalothorax is very slightly, if at all, longer than broad; caput broad, slightly eurvo-truncate anteriorly ; lateral marginal indentations slight ; colour. dull orange-yellow ; the normal grooves indicated by dusky 70 ARANEIDEA, lines ; profile tolerably convex. ‘The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The eyes are in two rows, with the usual appearance of being curved when looked at from above and behind ; the convexity of the curve of the anterior row is directed slightly forwards, while that of the posterior row is in an opposite direction. The fore central pair are rather the largest; those of the posterior row are the smallest and of equal size with each other. The eyes of the anterior row are equidistant from each other, while the interval between the hind central pair is slightly less than that between each and the lateral next toit. The four central eyes form a slightly oblong trapezoid whose anterior side is a very little shorter than the posterior side. The legs are long, rather slender, 2, 1, 4, 3; similar in colour to the cephalothorax, the tarsi and metatarsi dark brown, and furnished with a broad, rather dense scopula and a claw-tuft, Spines long and tolerably strong. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and armature, the digital joint black. The falces are strong, straight, slightly projecting forwards, and prominent in front, clothed with coarse hairs and bristles. The mawille are straight, enlarged and rounded at the extremity, slightly inclined to the labium, and of a dark reddish-brown hue. The labium is short, shorter than broad, the apex slightly rounded ; similar to the maxille in colour. The abdomen is rather large, of a dull brownish-yellow hue, clothed with pale hairs; an elongate stripe bounded by a broken dark line, and rather tapering to its extremity, occupies the median line of the fore half of the upperside, and is followed to the spinners by a series of transverse, slightly oblique bars, similarly indicated, and meeting in a dark irregular longitudinal central line, representing the usual chevrons. The underside has a broad, central, longitudinal dark sooty-brown band from the genital aperture nearly to the spinners. The genital aperture is large, transverse-oval or rather kidney-shaped. The spinners are short, compact, and brown. Hab. GvaTEMALA, Chicoyoito (Sarg). The egg-cocoon accompanied this spider ; it is of very large size, round, lenticular. p g ) ) XYSTICUS, C. Koch. Xysticus adustus, sp. n. Adult female, length rather over 23 lines. This spider is of the ordinary form. The colour of the cephalothoraw is a dull orange-yellow, slightly deeper in the ocular region, and the sides of the thorax are a deep rich red-brown, the inner margin of the coloured portion broken but well defined, and with strong prominent black bristles on and near the ocular area and clypeus. The legs are of moderate length, strong, well furnished with spines, bristles, and hairs; similar in colour to the cephalothorax, spotted with small deep red-brown spots, from many of the larger of which the spines and bristles spring; the genus and nearly the fore half of the tibie (with a small portion of their base) of the first and second pairs are dark red-brown. The falces are strong, conical, vertical, similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and furnished with some strong prominent bristles near their base. The mawville, labuum, and sternum are yellow, the last being clearer and paler in colour than the others. The eyes are normal in relative size and position; those of each lateral pair are seated on strong greyish tubercles. The height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. The abdomen is of the ordinary form in this genus, broader behind than in front, where it is somewhat roundly truncated. ‘The upperside is furnished with numerous prominent slightly curved black bristles ; its colour is dull brownish-yellow, palest along the middle, where traces of the normal angulated pattern are visible, the rest of the upperside being marked in a somewhat striated fashion with broken markings of a deep blackish-red-brown ; three whitish spots forming a triangle on the fore half are rather distinct, XYSTICUS.—SYNAEMA. 71 there being one or two less distinct on the hinder half; the fore corners of the abdomen are also suffused with white. The sides and underside are brownish-yellow; rugulose, The genital aperture is small but of characteristic form and structure. Hab, Guatemata, Coban (Sarq). Xysticus advectus, sp. n. Adult female, length rather over 24 lines. In its general form, colour, and appearance this spider calls to mind various European species of the X. cris- tatus-group. The cephalothorax has its sides of a deep brown, mottled and irregularly marked with a lighter hue; the broad central band, the larger portion of which in front forms the normal spade-shaped marking, is of a light brown colour, darker across the fore end, where it includes the posterior eyes, and bisected longitudinally by a dark brown line interrupted by two or three pale spots; the spade-mark is delineated by a narrow white marginal line, the central band behind this marking being of a yellowish- white hue. The clypeus and ocular area are yellowish-white, this colour forming a transverse well-defined oblong marking whose four corners are produced and divergent. The cephalothorax is furnished with strong bristles, strongest and most numerous on the upper part and in front. The height of the clypeus is equal to nearly half that of the facial space. The eyes are normal. The falces are strong, conical, dark brown at the base, where they have some strong bristles, yellowish-white across the middle, and paler brown at the extremity. The sternum is brownish-yellow mottled with white, spotted with dark red-brown and broadly bordered with blackish-red-brown anteriorly. The legs are rather short, moderately strong, furnished in the ordinary way with spines, bristles, and hairs. They are of a pale dull yellowish hue, mottled and indistinctly lined with white, and spotted and marked with dark reddish-brown. The markings on the tibie, genue, and metatarsi of the first two pairs are more distinctly linear than the rest, and the basal joints (coxa) of all the legs are marked with three longitudinal broken dark brown lines with white interspaces. The abdomen is of the ordinary form. It is of a dull yellowish colour, marked and mottled with white, and has some broken blackish lines and markings indicating the normal angulated central longitudinal pattern, and the sides towards the hinder part have some oblique lines of black spots. Its upperside is thinly furnished with short strongish black prominent bristles. The genital aperture is small, but of character- istic form. Hab. GuatTEMALA, Chicoyoito (Sarg). SYN/EMA, Simon. Synema bimaculata, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines; adult male, length 13 line. The cephalothorax (Q) is orange-yellow, paler at and near the thoracic junction, and with a slender black marginal line; on and near the sides and front of the caput are a few long black bristles. The height of the clypeus is a little less than half that of the facial space. The legs are moderate in length and strength, brownish-orange-yellow ; the first two pairs have the femora and genus, as well as the base and extremity of the tibice (leaving an orange-brown annulus near the middle of the latter), almost entirely rich dark brown ; the two posterior pairs, as well as the falces, maaille, labium, aud sternum, are yellow. The legs are furnished with spines, chiefly on the metatarsi, femora, and tibie of the first and second pairs. The eyes are in the normal position—two almost concentric curved rows, the anterior row rather the most curved; all are on greyish tubercles, those of the lateral pairs the strongest. The four central eyes form =-1 oe ARANEIDEA.. --- very nearly a square, the anterior side being slightly shorter than the posterior side. The lateral eyes of the anterior row are largest, the hind laterals next, and the four centrals smallest. The abdomen is broad and rounded behind, narrow and rounded in front; of a pale yellowish-brown hue flecked The with white on each side of the anterior half, and with two large conspicuous white round or oval spots in a transverse line near the middle of the upperside, and placed in conjunction with some irregular deep rich black-brown markings forming altogether a large triangle ; this is followed towards the spinners by some transverse bars of the same colour, forming (some at least) broken angular marks or chevrons. The lower part of the sides, as well as some portion of the underside, principally in the vicinity of the spinners, are also marked with dark brown. The abdomen is furnished sparingly with hairs and a few bristles. The genital aperture is small and simple, but characteristic in form. (One example of the female has the abdomen completely dark rich reddish-black-brown, with only the two white spots, followed by several fine pale angular stripes or chevrons, decreasing in length to the spinners.) male has the cephalothorax entirely deep rich reddish-black-brown, the eyes margined with yellowish. The legs are much longer than those of the female; the femora, genus, and tibie of the first and second pairs similar to the cephalothorax in colour, excepting a paler annulus near the middle of the tibiee. The rest of the legs and the palpi are pale yellowish. The femora of the first pair are furnished with, some long strong spines, the second pair having fewer spines ; those on the tibia of both pairs are also strong. The palpi are short; the cubital and radial joints are of equal length ; the latter has several strong bristles, the longest and strongest of a tapering spine-like form on the inner side, and a small prominent spine-like pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side. The digital joint is rather small, oval, rather sharp- pointed at its extremity. The palpal organs are simple, neither prominent nor highly developed. The abdomen is entirely deep rich reddish-brown both above and below, excepting the two white characteristic spots on the upperside. Hab. GuateMaa, Chicoyoito, Cahabon, Chichochoc, Coban (Sarg). RUNCINIA, Simon. Runcinia vigilans, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines ; adult male, length rather over 1 line. The The The cephalothorax is bright yellow-brown, narrowly margined with dull yellowish, with a large oval portion on and around the thoracic junction of a paler brownish-yellow hue ; from the middle of thisa white line runs forward, becoming indistinct where it approaches the eyes ; on each side of this line is another less distinct, the two converging towards but not reaching the thoracic junction. The sides of the cephalothorax are also marked with some irregular somewhat sinuous pale lines. The whole is clothed with short pale bristly hairs. The ocular region is paler than the rest, and has a curved transverse white line running across it just in front of the posterior eyes, marking the edge of a sharp transverse ridge. eyes are minute, the fore laterals being distinctly largest; the quadrangle formed by the four centrals is rather broader than long, and the anterior side of it is the shortest. The height of the clypeus is consi- derably less than half that of the facial space. The intervals between the eyes of the posterior row are as nearly as possible equal. legs are tolerably long and moderately strong, the second pair being much longer than the first pair; the colour of these last, and that of the two posterior pairs, is pale dull yellowish; the colour of the second pair is dark yellow-brown, mottled with dull cream-colour underneath, the metatarsi and tarsi being less dark than the rest. The metatarsi are armed underneath with five pairs of strong spines, while those (three pairs) under the tibise are much less strong. The fulces are strong, conical, and of a brownish-yellow colour, mottled in front with whitish. . The abdomen is of the ordinary Thomisid form, broadest behind, truncated in a very slightly curved line in front. Upper surface flattish ; sides and hinder side steep, strongly rugulose longitudinally on the sides, trans- versely behind ; of a clear yellow-brown hue marked above with rather irregular transverse broken black stripes which are continued obliquely over the sides, and two largish black spots in a transverse line near RUNCINIA. . 73 the middle, the whole being spotted with minute whitish points and furnished with short pale bristles. The underside of the abdomen (as well as the sternum, maxille, labium, and palpi) is of a dull yellowish colour. The genital aperture is small and very inconspicuous, though of characteristic form. The male resembles the female in general colour and markings; but the cephalothorax, in the only example examined, has no pale oval marking at the thoracic junction, the whole being of a unicolorous yellow- brown hue. The palpi are short, similar in colour to the posterior legs; the radial joint is very short, shorter than the cubital, furnished with three spine-like bristles on the upperside, and with a rather long slightly tapering straight apophysis, longer than the joint itself, at its outer extremity (fitting up close to the outside of the digital joint), and slightly bifid at its point; the digital joint is narrow-oval, about equal in length to the radial and cubital together. The palpal organs are simple—an oval lobe surrounded by aslender paie pointed spine—and with a small pointed spine at their anterior extremity. The armature of the second pair of legs is stronger than in the female; but the spines are fewer in number—only three pairs, while in the female there are five pairs. Hab. GuateMALa, Chicoyoito (Sarg). Runcinia tibialis, sp. n. Adult male, length 13 lines. This species is of a very flattened form, short, and broad. The cephalothorax is distinctly broader than long, the caput very short, the thorax rounded on the sides ; its colour is bright red-brown suffused with blackish on the sides ; a clear, strongly defined, yellowish-white line running across the caput immediately in front of the posterior row of eyes. On the sides of the thorax, near the margin, are a few short spines springing from small tubercles, and there are also a few prominent spines on the ocular area and lower margin of the clypeus. The height of fire~elg perth is less than half that of the facial space, and its direction is vertical. The eyes are in the usual position. Those of the posterior row are very nearly equidistant from each other ; if anything, the interval between the two centrals is slightly the largest. The four centrals describe a trapezoid whose anterior side is shorter than the posterior, and the sides rather shorter than the anterior. The eyes of the anterior row are equidistant from each other, and its laterals are rather the largest of the eight. The legs are 2,1, 4,3. The first and second pairs are long and strong, the third and fourth pairs short and much smaller, The former have the femora, genus, and tibiw black-chestnut coloured, and the metatarsi and tarsi reddish-yellow-brown, becoming gradually paler towards the extremity. The femora, tibia, and genue of the first and second pairs are all unusually strong, but the tibie dispropor- tionately so. The femora are covered with small tubercular granulations, from which issue small spines, bristles, or hairs ; beneath the tibie are three pairs of strong spines and some coarse bristly hairs, and beneath the metatarsi are two pairs of spines. The third and fourth pairs are of a reddish-orange colour, furnished with hairs and bristles, but devoid of spines. The falces are rather short, conical, directed backwards, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The palpi are very short. The radial is shorter than the cubital joint, and has a strongish slightly tapering spine issuing from its outer side, with two other shorter spines on its inner side, its outer extremity being produced into a somewhat tapering apophysis as long as or longer than the joint itself, with its rather broad end extremity bifid or notched. The digital joint is of moderate size, oval, pointed at its extremity, furnished with bristles and one or two spines outside. The palpal organs are simple and encircled by a closely adhering black spine. . The abdomen is of a short-oval or somewhat quadrate form truncated in front; its colour is dull’ yellow- brown, the lateral margins, sides, four diffuse spots on the middle of the upperside, and some transverse lines or bars on the hinder half extending over the sides being deep chocolate-brown. The colour of the maxille, labium, and sternum is similar to that of the cephalothorax. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., April 1891. | Lf 74 ARANEIDEA. Runcinia blanda, sp. n. Adult male, length 13 to 1? lines. The cephalothoraa is nearly equal in length and breadth, rounded behind, truncated before, and of equal and moderate convexity. The colour is a dull orange-brown, with in some examples a pale yellowish central patch on the thorax, pointed behind and bifid in front, this patch being sometimes obsolete ; the ocular region is whitish, owing to the tubercles of that colour on which the eyes are seated; and the sides of the thorax have some minute granulosities on their surface. The height of the clypeus equals half that of the facial space. The eyes are in the usual position and of the normal relative size. The legs are 2,1, 4,3. Those of the first and second pairs are long, tolerably strong, and of a deep rich yellow-brown approaching liver-colour, the femora being perhaps rather the darkest, the latter covered with minute granulosities and with a row of four spines along the upperside; underneath the tibie are two pairs of spines, and there are three pairs of spines beneath the metatarsi. The third and fourth pairs of legs are short, without spines, except two or three minute ones on the upperside of the femora, and of a yellow colour. Falces moderately strong, subconical, vertical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. Palpi short. The radial is scarcely more than half the length of the cubital joint, the latter having a spine-like bristle on the outer side and two other bristles on the inner side. The digital joint is narrow-oval, rather longer than the cubital and radial joints together, and on the inner margin forwards are several spines ; on the outer extremity is a, not very long, tapering apophysis scarcely equal to the length of the joint, and whose fine point is a little turned outwards, and underneath is a shorter obtuse apophysis. The palpal organs are simple and encircled round their margin with a closely adhering black spine. The colour of the palpi is similar to that of the third and fourth pairs of legs, as is also that of the maxille, labium, and sternum. The abdomen is of a short-oval rather flattened form, roundly truncated in front; it is of a dull brownish- yellow hue, smooth and glossy on the upperside, where it is of a rather deeper colour, with the five normal depressed points dark yellow-brown. Although nearly allied to Runcinia tibialis, this spider may easily be distinguished by the incrassation of the tibiee of the first and second pairs of legs, as well as by the various other specific differences, It is also still more closely allied to R. annulipes, but may be distinguished by the following characters :— (i) The unicolorous dark yellow-brown (rather liver-coloured) first and second pairs of legs (these being annulated in R. annulipes); and the presence of spines in pairs beneath the tibiz and metatarsi. (ii) The form of the pale central patch on the thorax: this is, when visible, in the present species pointed behind and bifid in front, making it look like a barbed arrow-head directed backwards; in some examples, as above noted, this patch is obsolete, and in others only faintly visible. (iii) The apophysis at the fore extremity on the outer side of the radial joints of the palpi is shorter than the joint, not so strong as in FR. annulipes, and terminates in a simple point, a little directed outwards. In other respects the two species, 2. blanda and R. annulipes, are remarkably similar. This, however, only applies to the male, from which the female differs remarkably, if indeed it is the female of the same species, of which, in spite of the opinion of Mons. Simon, who has kindly examined these examples, I have some doubt. Adult female, length slightly over 3 lines. . The cephalothoraz is dark yellow-brown or liver-coloured, with a conspicuous yellowish-white longitudinal patch on the thorax, bifid in front and emitting a central branched line of the same colour from its fore extremity to the ocular region. The legs are not very long, strong, and of a pale whitish-yellow colour; the genue, a small well-defined annulus at the base, a much larger one at the fore extremity of the tibie, and a less distinct one at the fore extremity of the metatarsi being of a similar colour to the cephalothorax. The tibie have only one or two spines underneath, while there are five or six pairs beneath the metatarsi. RUNCINIA. 75 The mawilie, labium, sternum, and cowal joints of the legs are yellow-brown, not quite so dark as the annuli on the legs. The abdomen is of the pentagonal form common among the Thomiside in this sex. It is of a cream-yellow colour, with a brownish-yellow angular marking, formed by two oblique stripes meeting in front and open behind, on the fore part of the upperside, followed by two irregular patches of the same colour in a transverse line nearly halfway towards the posterior extremity, and wider apart than the ends of the oblique stripes. The anterior sides of the abdomen, as well as a broad central longitudinal band on the underside, are also of a brownish-yellow hue. The form of the genital process is characteristic and distinct, although rather inconspicuous. If future research should prove this to be not the female of the male above described, the short diagnosis given will perhaps enable it to be removed to its proper place. Hab. Panama, 3 Bugaba, ? Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). Runcinia rugosa, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 to rather over 23 lines. In its general form and structure, as well as in the position of the eyes, this spider is of the usual type. The whole surface is more or less covered with short, blunt, prominent bristles, some almost spinous in their character, some (on the caput and abdomen) showing a tendency to become slightly clavate at the extremity. The cephalothorax is of a reddish-yellow-brown hue, deepest on the sides of the thorax, and a broad central longitudinal pale band gradually merges into the normal colour of the rest on the caput; on the sides are traces of some indistinct converging and oblique pale lines. A transverse curved yellowish line runs across the caput through the middle of the ocular area. The legs are rather strong and not very long, 2,1, 4, 3. Their colour is similar to that of the cephalothorax, and there are strongish spines in pairs beneath the tibiee and metatarsi of the first and second pairs ; the number of pairs of spines does not seem to be quite similar in different examples. The third and fourth pairs of legs are pale yellowish, slightly marked with brown near the joints, and have no spines. The falces, maxille, and labiwm are rather lighter coloured than the two anterior pairs of legs; and the sternum is similar in colour to the two posterior pairs. The abdomen is of the ordinary (Thomisid) pentagonal form—truncated before, broad behind ; it is of a dull yellow-brown hue, marked with deep brown, transverse, broken and sometimes confluent, curved, parallel lines on the hinder half, with others differently arranged on the fore part of the upperside. The ordinary ruge are also marked with small pale spots, giving a generally speckled appearance. Under- neath, the colour is a uniform pale yellow-brown. The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous, but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Runcinia depressa, sp. n. Adult male, length 1 line ; adult female, length 2 lines. The general form of this species is short, broad, and flattened. The cephalothoraw of the male is as short as, or shorter than, broad, and its surface (chiefly of the thorax) is granulose, with short spine-like bristles. The colour is rather bright red-brown, the normal converging indentations of a deeper hue, and there is a narrow nearly black margin. Along the centre of the hinder part, and reaching a little into the caput, is an indistinct red band sharply bifid in front; a conspicuous white transverse curved line runs through the middle of the ocular area. The height of the clypeus is nearly or quite equal to half that of the facial space, and on its lower margin are several strong prominent pointed spines. The eyes are rather larger than usual, and the two middle ones in each row are distinctly wider apart than each is from the lateral eye in the same row. Lp 2 76 ARANEIDEA. The legs are moderately long, rather strong, 2, 1, 4, 3. Those of the first and second pairs are of a deep dark rich brown; the genue and tibie black, the tibiae somewhat incrassated ; the metatarsi paler, and the tarsi reddish-yellow-brown. Beneath the tibia and metatarsi are several pairs of spines, those beneath the tibie the longest, most prominent, and slightly curved. The two posterior pairs of legs are of a brownish-yellow colour, with some faint traces of darker annulation. The palpi are very short, of a yellow-brown colour. The radial is shorter than the cubital joint ; the cubital has several short rather obtuse spine-like bristles in front, and the radial some longer ones, and the fore extremity of the latter on the outer side is produced into a short, tapering, straight, and bifid apophysis, the two limbs obtusely pointed. The digital joint is of moderate size, oval, and slightly longer than the radial and cubital joints together. The palpal organs are simple and encircled with a closely fitting spine. The mawille, labium, and sternum are of a dark yellowish-brown hue. The abdomen is of a flattened form, truncated before, rounded and broadest behind; it is of a deep rich chestnut-brown colour, marked and mottled with a paler hue, and a few small whitish-yellow spots are sprinkled somewhat symmetrically over its surface; it'is also sparingly furnished with short rather obtuse spine-like bristles. The female resembles the male in general colour and appearance, but the markings on the cephalothorax are different: the sides are marked with converging black lines, and three irregular yellowish lines run backwards—one from each of the hind lateral eyes and the middle one through the ocular area, meeting in a blotch of the same colour at the thoracic junction. The margins of the caput are also yellowish-white. The legs, especially the femora, are distinctly marbled on their anterior side with yellowish. On the abdomen a central yellow-brown stripe, with a blotch of the same hue on each side, towards the hinder part of the upperside, is pretty distinct. Hab. Guaremaua, Chiacam, Petet, Coban (Sarg). Runcinia signata, sp. n. Adult female, length 4 to 54 lines, Cephalothoraw rather longer than broad; colour dull orange-yellow-brown ; on each side—leaving a more or less definite lateral stripe margined narrowly with cream-white—is a broad longitudinal dark reddish- yellow-brown band. In some examples these bands become dilated and suffuse the whole of the sides, with the lateral paler band darkest coloured at its anterior extremity; at the thoracic junction is a pale cream-yellow distinctly defined patch, somewhat quadrate in form, but deeply notched in at its fore margin. The ocular region is also cream-white, and a line of a similar colour runs a little way back obliquely from beneath each lateral pair of eyes. The legs are moderately long and strong; their colour is yellow, washed in parts with cream-white, and (in some examples) the genuz, a small band at the hinder end of the tibie, and the metatarsi are more or less strongly suffused with dark yellowish-red-brown. Beneath the tibie of the first two pairs of legs are two pairs of spines, and there are five pairs of spines in two longitudinal parallel rows beneath the meta- tarsi. There are also several (three to five) small denticule on the anterior or upper side of the femora of the first pair of legs, somewhat resembling those in a similar position in the genus Ornithoscatoides (Cambr.), and which are, in that genus, considered to be used as a means of steadying the spider when lying on its back on a leaf waiting for its prey (vide P.Z. 8. 1884, p. 199). The second pair of legs is rather longer than the first. The colour of the coxal and exinguinal joints is dull yellowish-red-brown, as is also that of the maaille and labium; the sternum being yellow, broadly margined with reddish- yellow-brown. The eyes are minute, the fore laterals slightly the largest; they describe the usual crescent or segment of a circle; the four ceutral eyes form a quadrangle broader than long, its anterior side being shorter than the posterior side, but longer than the length of the quadrangle. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. The falces are moderately long, strong, conical, dark yellow-brown, irregularly washed in front with cream-white. The abdomen is large, of a pentagonal form, much broader behind than in front, where it is somewhat roundly RUNCINIA. 17 truncated. The sides and hinder part are longitudinally and transversely rugulose, as well as the rest of the upperside; each interval between the ruge has a series of very minute tubercular denticula. The colour of the abdomen is dull yellow and cream-white, the latter colour most suffused on the upperside, but chiefly following the direction of the ruge. In some examples the sides are marked with one or more fine black lines. In one or two specimens the ground-colour of the abdomen is dark yellowish-brown. The genital aperture is small, inconspicuous, but of characteristic form. Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon and Chicoyoito (Sarg). Runcinia sagittata, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. The general form and aspect of this spider is of the ordinary type. The cephalothorax is yellow-brown, darkest on the sides of the caput. The thorax has a distinct yellow-white marginal border, and a clear line of the same colour runs transversely across the fore part and sides of the caput below the eyes. The ocular area is suffused with yellowish-white, and the upper part of the caput has some streaks and marks of the same colour connecting the ocular area with a very distinctly marked, barbed, arrow-head, yellow-white patch covering the thoracic junction, the point of the arrow- head directed backwards. The eyes are in the ordinary position, small; the fore laterals only slightly the largest, and the intervals between the central pair of each row very little greater than that between each and the lateral eye next. to it of the same row. The height of the clypeus is more than half that of the facial space. The falces are yellowish-white, slightly marked near the base with yellow-brown. The legs are moderate in length and not very strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, of a dull yellowish hue tinged with brown. The anterior two-thirds of the metatarsi, as well as the tarsi, of the first and second pairs are dark reddish-brown, and the anterior extremity of the tibie of these two pairs is also slightly marked with red-brown. ‘The spines are few and weak, none apparently on the femora, two in front of the tibiz of the first pair. The rest in pairs beneath the metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs. It is possible, however, that some spines may have been broken off. Mawille, labium, and sternum similar in colour to the legs. The sternum has a broad yellow-white angular border in front. The abdomen is somewhat pentagonal in form, narrow and truncated ; in front, much the broadest behind. It is of a yellow-brown hue, suffused more or less with whitish-yellow and at the centre of the fore extre- mity is a not well defined dark brown patch somewhat bifid behind. The underside has a brown longi- tudinal central band bordered laterally with whitish-yellow. The genital aperture is distinct and of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Runcinia propinqua, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 to 3 lines. This species is of the ordinary form. The cephalothorax is brownish-yellow, with narrow lateral margins, a broadish lateral longitudinal reddish- brown band on each side, and a somewhat angular yellow-white marking at the thoracic junction, the angle directed backwards. A clearly marked whitish line runs transversely across the fore part and sides of the caput below the eyes; on the caput are two or three short black bristles. The eyes are normal in relative size and position; those of the posterior row are very nearly equidistant from each other, while the interval between the central pair of the anterior row is distinctly greater than that between each and the lateral eye next to it. The height of the clypeus is half that of the facial space. The falces are yellowish-white, with a large irregular yellow-brown patch at the base in front. The legs are rather short, strong, 2,1, 4,3. They are of a yellowish hue, the fore half of the tibie of the first and second pairs dark reddish-brown, and their metatarsi and tarsi of a lighter brown. The femora 78 ARANEIDEA. appear to be devoid of spines, but there are some in pairs beneath the tibie and metatarsi. The third and fourth pairs of legs are without spines. The maxilla, labium, and sternum are of a uniform yellow colour. The abdomen is of a subpentagonal form, narrowest and rather rounded in front and broadest behind, but less pointed at its posterior extremity than in some other species. Its colour is a uniform yellowish-white, with the five normal depressed points on the upperside yellow-brown. The genital aperture is very small, but characteristic. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). ‘This species is nearly allied to R. sagittata, but may easily be distinguished by the form of the genital aperture, and also by the different armature and colouring of the legs, as well as by the colours and markings and form of the abdomen. Runcinia lutea, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines. This species is very nearly allied to 2. propinqua, but the cephalothorax wants the longitudinal lateral reddish- brown bands. The legs also are weaker and unicolorous, and the spines beneath the tibie of the first and second pairs are weak, The genital aperture is very small, but characteristically different. In most other respects there is a great similarity. The whole of the fore part of the spider is yellow with a slight.brownish tinge and with a white triangular marking at the thoracic junction, joined to the ocular area by a central white line. The abdomen is yellowish-white, with a well-defined deep red-brown patch on each side at the fore extremity. The ocular area is whitish, and a distinct white transverse line runs round the caput below the eyes. The cephalothorax is narrowly margined with white. Hab. GvuatEMALA, Montafia de Chilasco (Sarg). Runcinia annulipes, sp. n. Adult male, length 14 lines. Cephalothorax slightly broader than long, but of the usual form ; colour yellow-brown, with a broad pale yellowish central band, not, however, reaching the ocular area, with which it is connected by a yellowish central line bisecting that area; a very distinct white marginal line runs round the front and sides of the caput. The eyes are on rather stronger than usual grey or whitish tubercles, and in each row the interval between the two central eyes is slightly but distinctly greater than that which separates them respectively from the laterals. The four centrals form a trapezoid the front side of which is shorter than the hinder, and the sides rather shorter than the front. The laterals of the anterior row are the largest of the eight, and the height of the clypeus is scarcely more than equal to the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The surface of the cephalothorax is apparently devoid of granulosities, but has a few short spine-like bristles on each side of the hinder part of the thorax. The falces are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, subconical in form and furnished with strong promi- nent bristles in front. The legs, 2, 1, 4, 8, are not very strong, but the first two pairs are long and the third and fourth short, as usual. The first two pairs are of a yellow-brown hue, for the most part considerably darker than the cephalothorax, the femora being the darkest, finely granulose, and with a few spine-like bristles along the hinder margin. The tibiew, metatarsi, and tarsi have each a distinct broadish though not sharply defined yellowish annulus at their base; they are well furnished with hairs and long bristles, but devoid of spines, excepting perhaps one or two beneath the metatarsi. The two hinder pairs of legs are pale yellow, the tibie with two or three spines or spine-like bristles on their upper or posterior side. ‘The palpi are short aud of a pale yellowish colour. The radial is shorter than the digital joint, and has several spine-like bristles on it, and at the outer extremity it is produced into a tapering apophysis about equal to RUNCINIA.—SYNAMA. 79 the joint in length, and ending with a very short curved claw or nail. The digital joint is of a narrow- oval form, sharp-pointed before. The palpal organs are simple, of a rather prominent semiglobular form, surrounded by a closely adhering black spine. The maxille and labiwm are similar to the cephalothorax in colour, the colour of the sternum being like that. of the two posterior pairs of legs. The abdomen is of an oval form, rather flattened; its colour is a dull brownish-yellow, the upperside smooth and glossy, showing distinctly the five normal impressed spots of a dark yellow-brown hue; the sides have a not very distinct blackish marginal stripe, and the underside has four longitudinal parallel blackish lines. In general appearance this species somewhat resembles Runcinia blanda, but the absence of the pairs of spines beneath the tibie and metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs, and many other specific differences, will serve to distinguish it without difficulty. Hab. GuaTeMALA, immediate neighbourhood of Guatemala city (Sarg). TIBELLUS, Simon. Tibellus punctipes, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 lines, The cephalothorax, legs, palpi, and falces are pale yellow, marked with minute black spots, those on the legs being the largest. The abdomen is thickly mottled with white, powdered with very minute black points, and has an elongated cruciform dull blackish marking on the fore half of the upperside. The underside of the abdomen, as well as the maxille, labium, sternum, and coxal joints of the legs, is unspotted. The eyes are very small, black, and in the ordinary position, the height of the clypeus being half that of the facial space. The legs are moderately long, rather strong, furnished with hairs, bristles, and long spines. Hab. Guatema.a, between Sibacapo and Tajulla, on the mountains, at a height of 3800 metres (Sarg). SYNZEMA, Simon. Synema cirripes, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines ; length of leg of first pair 44 lines, and of leg of second pair 4 lines. The cephalothorax is nearly round. Caput short, slightly constricted laterally on the margins forwards, of a dull orange-yellow colour, narrowly edged with a black marginal line, and with the upper part of the caput in a large wedge-form, and some indistinct converging stripes on the sides, of a paler hue. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. The fore margin and sides of the caput are furnished with some long, strong, spine-like, black bristles. The eyes are unequal in size, in form of a crescent, those of the lateral pairs the largest ; the largest of these being the fore laterals ; all are seated on bluish-grey tubercles, those of the laterals much the strongest. The four centrals are of equal size and form a square. The hind central pair are nearer to each other than each is to the hind lateral on its side, the fore central pair being much further from each other than each is from the fore lateral eye on its side. The legs of the first and second pairs are long, nearly equal in length (they were, in the only example examined, much damaged, but those of the second pair seemed to be longest),and rather slender ; the femora and genuze dark brownish-orange ; the tibie paler, with nearly the fore half deep reddish-brown. The metatarsi and tarsi are pale yellowish, the tip of the latter brown; they are armed with hairs, bristles, and slender spines. The hairs on the dark anterior portion of the tibiee of the first pair, and (in a less degree).on that of the second pair, form a kind of thin tuft. The spines of the first pair are stronger and more numerous than 80 . ARANEIDEA. those of the second; the third and fourth pairs are much shorter than the others, of a pale yellow colour, but armed like those of the first and second pairs. The falces are moderate in length and strength, conical, vertical, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and furnished with some strongish prominent bristles near their base in front. The palpi are short, similar to the legs of the first two pairs in colour. The radial and cubital joints are short, the latter rather the longest ; the former has the outer extremity produced into a tapering, sinuous, sharp- pointed apophysis as long as the joint itself; these joints are furnished with long, strong, curved, black, tapering bristles of different lengths. The digital joint is large, broad-oval, rather pinched-in at the point, and furnished with long hairs and bristles ; near the base on the outer side is a small prominence terminating with a small, curved, pale, sharp-pointed spine nearly in contact with the point of the radial apophysis. The palpal organs are simple, not very prominent, and encircled with a strongish black spine. The mawille, labium, and sternum are of normal form, and of a pale yellow colour. The abdomen is oval, roundly truncated before, and obtusely pointed ; the upper surface is rather flat and of a dull brownish-yellow colour; the sides of the fore half are marked with large irregular deep blackish chocolate-brown markings, the hinder half with a series of transverse bars of a similar colour, diminishing in length as they approach the spinners, and the whole surface furnished thinly with some long, strong, tapering, slightly curved, black bristles directed backwards; the outer edge of the upper pattern has a few whitish spots on it, but the sides are slightly rugulose and of a pale whitish-yellow hue; the underside has a broad, central, longitudinal, darkish orange-brown band, narrowest at the spinners, and occupying nearly its whole area. The spinners are short, compact, and of a brownish colour outside. Hab. Guatemata, Magdalena near Antigua (Sarg). A fine and very distinct species. Synema puta, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly less than 2 lines. The cephalothoraa is normal in form, of a dull orange-yellow colour, with an indistinct paler angular or some- what arrow-head-shaped marking behind the caput, the point directed backwards; a few black bristles are disposed on various parts of the surface, and the height of the clypeus is rather less than half that of the facial space. Tho eyes are normal in their general position and relative size. The central trapezoid is a little longer than broad, the anterior side being rather the shortest. The eyes of the hind central pair are slightly smaller than the fore centrals, and are distinctly but not greatly nearer together than to the hind laterals, and those of the fore central pair are very slightly further from each other than from the fore laterals. The falces are short, strong, subconical, vertical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The leys, 2,1, 4, 3; very little difference in length between those of the first and second pairs—if any, the second appear to be the longest; these pairs are similar to the cephalothorax in colour, the anterior portion of the tibie suffused with a deeper hue; the metatarsi and tarsi, together with the legs of the third and fourth pairs, are pale yellow. The spines are strongest and most numerous on the tibie and metatarsi. The palpi are short, pale yellow, and furnished with a few bristles. The mawille, labium, and sternum are of normal form and of a yellow colour, not quite so pale as the posterior legs. The abdomen is short, tolerably convex above, much the broadest behind, subpentagonal in form, of a uniform deep chocolate colour, marked indistinctly with pale reddish-yellow points and markings, and clothed thinly with hairs and slender bristles. The genital aperture is very small and inconspicuous, but charac- teristic in form. Spinners short, yellowish, marked with brown on their outer sides. Hab. Guaremata, Tikal (Sarg). SYNAMA. 81 Synema palliata, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. The cephalothorax is of ordinary form, of a greenish-yellow hue tinged with reddish in the ocular region, and the sides of the thorax broadly dull red-brown, clothed thinly with short hairs and furnished with a few strongish black bristles directed forwards. The eyes of the central trapezoid form nearly a square: the hinder side is longest, and the anterior the shortest ; this last and the sides are as nearly as possible equal. This central figure is thus shorter than normal. The eyes of the hind central pair are distinctly further from each other than from the hind laterals, and those of the fore central pair are distinctly (though only a little) further apart than from the fore laterals. The height of the clypeus is less than, though more than half, that of the facial space. The falces are strong, moderately long, subconical, vertical, furnished with several strong bristles near the base, and of a reddish-yellow-brown colour. The legs are rather short, 1, 2, 4, 3, tolerably strong ; spines and hairs normal. The femora, genua, and tibie of the first and second pairs are dark reddish-yellow-brown, the tibise having a broad yellowish band near the posterior extremity, extending to nearly half the length of the joint. The tarsi and metatarsi are yellow. The legs of the third and fourth pairs are of a uniform pale yellow colour. The palpi are similar in colour to the hinder pairs of legs. The maaille are yellow-brown, the labium of a more sooty hue, and the sternum pale yellow. The abdomen is short, subpentagonal, very convex above, rounded before, obtusely pointed behind. The upper- side, excepting a small portion above the spinners, is of a uniform cream-yellow colour, clothed with short paler hairs and a very few fine dark bristles. The portion above the spinners and the sides are somewhat rugulose, of a dark chocolate-brown hue, with lines of minute yellowish points following the courses of the different ruge. The underside is of a deeper and more uniform chocolate-brown. The spinners are short and of a dull brown colour. The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous, but characteristic. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Synema maculosa, sp. n. Adult male, length 14 lines; length of a leg of the first pair over 43 lines. The cephalothoraw is of a dull orange-yellow-brown colour, margined narrowly with black, above which but connected with it in the thoracic region is a broader black-brown border. The eyes are seated upon greyish subconical tubercles, those of the lateral pairs, especially the anterior ones, much the strongest. The eyes of the anterior row are equidistant from each other, while the interval between the hind central pair is slightly less than that between each and the adjacent lateral eye of the same row. ‘The four central eyes form nearly a square, the posterior side of the trapezoid being longest, the sides are next in length, and the fore side the shortest. The height of the clypeus is less than halt that of the facial space by about the diameter of one of the fore central eyes. The legs of the first pair are long and rather slender (those of the second pair are wanting in the example described). The femora, genua, and tibice of the first pair are dark reddish-brown, the metatarsi and tarsi of a paler hue (only two or three spines remain, the rest having been broken off—they would appear from the broken bases and those remaining to have been tolerably numerous, long, and moderately strong). The two hinder pairs of legs are, as usual, unicolorous, and of a pale yellow hue. The palpi are short, and similar in colour to the hinder legs. The radial joint is slightly shorter than the cubital, and its fore extremity on ‘the outer side terminates with a small, blackish, tapering, pointed apophysis. The digital joint is of moderate size, oval form, and yellow-brown colour. The palpal organs are simple and partly encircled with a black spine. The falces are of tolerable length and strength, subconical, and vertical ; their colour is similar to that of the cephalothorax. The mawille, labium, and sternum are normal in form and similar in colour to the falces, ' The abdomen is of a rather elongate-oval form, rounded at each end, somewhat flattened above, and the upper- side seems to form somewhat of a shield or carapace, enveloping the under part (but this may be only the BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., September 1891. MP 82 . ARANEIDEA. result of shrinkage of the underparts from the action of the spirit in which it was preserved). It is of a luteous colour, marked, but not regularly, with some whitish cretaceous-looking markings on the upper- side, which also has three transverse rows, each of four dark black-red spots,—the first row is on the fore margin, and the other two rows divide the upper surface; the space, however, between these rows is greater than that between each and the extremity nearest to it. The posterior margin is marked by a black transverse narrow, but very distinct, border. The sides are margined with blackish-brown. Hab. Guaremata, San Juan Chamelco in Vera Paz (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). An immature male only from Bugaba. Synema, affinitata, sp. n. Adult male, length 14 lines; female, length 3 lines. The cephalothorax of the male is of a red-brown hue, bordered with a deep blackish-red-brown marginal stripe —a mere line at the caput, but gradually becoming much broader at the thorax; the sides and caput are also marked with paler converging stripes corresponding with the normal indentations. The surface is thinly granulose, and thickly covered with very minute shallow punctures, giving it an appearance of shagreen. The eyes are normal in relative size and position ; those of the fore central pair are, if anything, very slightly further apart than each is from the adjacent lateral eye, while those of the hinder row are equidistant from each other. The four central eyes form very nearly a square, three sides being equal, but the posterior side is slightly longer than the rest. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. The legs, 2, 1, 4, 3, are moderately strong. Those of the two anterior pairs are, as usual, much the longest, and nearly of equal length, and have the femora, genua, and tibiae of a rich blackish-red-brown colour, the metatarsi and tarsi being of a brownish-yellow hue. They are furnished fairly with long, tolerably strong, spines of different lengths. The femora of the first and second pairs are slightly granulose. The two posterior pairs are of a pale brownish-yellow colour, and also spinose. The falces are short, strong, subconical, vertical, and like the cephalothorax in colour. The palpi are short, similar in colour to the tarsi and metatarsi of the anterior legs; the radial is rather shorter than the cubital joint, and has a long, strong, tapering black spine near its inner side in front, and its outer fore extremity is produced into a short, slightly curved, pointed, tapering, rather prominent apophysis. The digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal organs, which are simple, appear to be encircled with a double-coiled spine. The maxille, labiwm, and sternum are normal in form and rather paler in colour than the cephalothorax. The abdomen is rather elongate-oval, flattish convex above, of a somewhat coriaceous texture, and covers the underparts like a shield. A few long, strong, prominent, spine-like bristles are placed at intervals round the anterior margin (but most of them are broken off in the only male example seen). The upperside is of a luteous colour, slightly mottled with whitish and bordered with a narrow whitish border. Each side of the fore half has a rather broad dusky submarginal band, and a transverse bar of the same hue, broken in the centre, runs across a little way behind the middle. The posterior extremity has a narrow black margin. The female is much larger than the male, and the sides of the cephalothorax are more broadly banded with a darker hue than the upper part. The height of the clypeus is very near equal to half that of the facial space; and there are some long strongish bristles, chiefly on the sides of the caput and along the lower margin of the clypeus. The legs are similar in colour to those of the male, excepting that they have a broad pale annulus on the hinder half of the tibie of the first and second pairs. The abdomen is large, the upper surface flattish, of a subpentagonal form ; the fore extremity and posterior angles much rounded. The upperside is yellow-brown, with a broad marginal cream-white band and two spots of the same colour in a transverse line across the middle. The marginal band is broadest behind, SYNAMA. 85 but does not extend round the posterior part, which, with the underside, is of a dark blackish-red-brown, the sides being a little paler, but traversed obliquely by deeper coloured ruge. The spinners are short and of a dark reddish-brown colour. Hab. GuaTEMALA, Chiacam (@ ), Cahabon (¢ ) (Sarg). This spider is nearly allied to S. maculosa; but the anterior legs of the male are proportionately shorter and stouter, the abdomen has no dark spots on its upperside, the palpi differ in their structure, and the eyes have a slightly different relative position. From Mr. Sarg’s note on the male it seems that the colour of the tarsi and metatarsi of the first two pairs of legs is pale green, and the whole of the third and fourth pairs olive-green, the abdomen also is pale olive-green, showing how little in some cases the colours of the preserved specimens can be relied upon as representing the spider in life. In his note upon the preceding species, S. maculosa, Mr. Sarg does not specially mention its colours, but remarks its near general resemblance to S. affinitata, excepting the dark spots on the abdomen; whence we may conclude that some portions also of S. maculosa are in life greenish as in the present species. Synezema, socia, sp. n. Adult male, length 13 lines. The cephalothorax is of a dull brownish-yellow colour, with a broad thoracic marginal border well defined, broadest in the middle, and of a deep reddish-brown hue. The surface is furnished with a few long, tolerably strong, tapering black bristles. The eyes are in the usual position,—two very nearly concentric, strongly curved transverse rows, the convexity of the curves directed forwards. The fore laterals are rather larger than usual. They are seated on rather pale tubercles, and have each a narrow, clear yellow margin. Those of the anterior row are very nearly equidistant from each other, if anything the interval between those of the central pair is greater than that between each of them and the lateral next to it; the interval between the hind central pair is considerably less than that between each of them and its contiguous lateral eye. The four central eyes form an oblong rectangular trapezoid. The legs, 2,1, 4,3; those of the first and second pairs are long, rather slender, those of the second pair being a little the longest. The femora are granulose, and with the genua and tibie are dark yellow-brown, the tibiz having an obscure annulus of a paler hue near its base; the metatarsi and tarsi are yellowish. They are armed (excepting the tarsi) with many longish black spines, these being most numerous on the tibie. The two hinder pairs are short and yellow. The falces are moderate in length and strength, vertical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The palpi are short, similar to the posterior legs in colour. The cubital joint is slightly longer, but less strong, than the radial; it has a long, strong, tapering, slightly curved, prominent black spine above at its anterior extremity. The radial joint has, along with some others of lesser size, a black tapering spine on its inner side nearly equal in size to that on the cubital joint; also at its outer extremity is a rather small, slightly curved, sharp-pointed, somewhat spine-like, apophysis. The digital joint is of moderate size and yellow- brown hue, clothed with hairs and bristles. The palpal organs are simple, and encireled by a black spine. The mawille, labium, and sternum are of normal form, the two former of a pale yellowish-brown colour, the latter yellow. . The abdomen is oval, with the upperside rather flattened convex, shining, and somewhat shield-like; its colour is pale luteous-yellow, with three transverse rows of dark red-brown spots, four in each row, and each bearing a long, strong, tapering black bristle ; between the hinder row of spots and the spinners are. two black patches in a transverse line, and another just above the spinners. The sides of the abdomen MT 2 84 ARANEIDEA. are marked with short fine black lines or streaks, running somewhat obliquely. The underside is pale luteous, with a curved bar of short fine black lines in front of the spinners. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Synema profuga, sp. n. Adult female, length 23 lines. The cephalothorax is of ordinary form ; its colour is dull yellow-brown, with somewhat of an olive tinge (probably in life the colour is greenish) ; furnished with a few longish black tapering bristles. The eyes are on greyish tubercles. Those of the central pair of each row are further from each other (though not very much) than each is from the lateral eye of the same row adjacent to it. The four central eyes form a trapezoid whose anterior side is distinctly shorter than the posterior, and the sides are very nearly equal to the anterior side. The height of the clypeus is nearly equal to half that of the facial space. The legs are rather long, moderately strong. The femora, genua, and tibie of the first and second pairs are of a deep rich slightly reddish-brown, with a rather distinct dull orange-yellow annulus at the base of the tibia ; the metatarsi yellow, appearing somewhat spotted owing to the red-brown bases of the spines ; the tarsi yellow, with a distinct black claw-tuft. The femora, genua, and tibie are armed with spines, strongest, and some of them of a pale hue, on the tibie. The legs of the two posterior pairs are short and yellow. The falces are tolerably long, strong, vertical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The palpi are short, and similar to the two hinder pairs of legs in colour. The mawille and labium are normal in form and similar in colour to the falces. Sternum yellow. The abdomen is rather large, much broader behind than in front, of the work-bag-shape common in this and some allied genera, tolerably convex above, and well rounded both before and behind. It is of a dull lnteous colour, more or less marked in parts above and on the sides with cretaceous white, also with black and red-brown markings, leaving more or less distinctly defined the usual angulated Thomisid pattern on the upperside. The sides, towards the under surface, are marked with black parallel streaks, and on the underside is a broad, central, longitudinal, somewhat shield-shaped band. The spinners, which are yellow-brown, are encircled with a black stripe; probably much variety exists in different examples in the abdominal pattern according to the extent and continuity or otherwise of the darker markings on the upperside. The genital aperture is small, but of characteristic pattern. Hab. PanaMa, Bugaba (Champion). Synzema adjuncta, sp. n. Adult female, length 2% lines. The cephalothoraa is of a yellow-brown colour, rather darker in the ocular region and on the clypeus. The sides and hinder slope of the thorax, which is much impressed, are deep rich reddish-brown. The eyes are on greyish tubercles. The central pair of the anterior row are a little further from each other than each is from its adjacent lateral eye, while those of the posterior row are equidistant from each other. The four central eyes form very nearly a square, the hinder side being slightly longer than the rest. The height of the clypeus is nearly equal to half that of the facial space. The legs are short, moderately strong, 2,1, 4,3. Those of the first two pairs have the femora, genua, and tibie dark yellow-brown, paler in front of the femora, which are also closely, though minutely, granulose. The tibi have a pale annulus near the hinder extremity (or base). The metatarsi and tarsi are brownish- yellow, paler than the tibia. Spines on the femora, genua, tibia, and metatarsi, but not very strong. The two posterior pairs are much the shortest, and their colour is yellow. The falces are rather long, moderately strong, vertical, and a little prominent near their base in front; they are similar in colour to the clypeus and ocular region. The palpi are short, slender, and similar in colour to the posterior legs. The maazlle and labiwm are yellow-brown, with a pale marking at the base of each, that on the 1 an isosceles triangle, the others somewhat oblong. The sternum is yellow, indistinctly bordered with yellow-brown. abium being SYN AMA.—MISUMENA. 85 The abdomen is large, broader behind than in front, where it is well rounded ; the upperside is very convex. It is of a pale luteous colour, closely freckled above with white cretaceous spots; near the middle of the upperside is a large curvilinear chevron or circumflex-accent marking of a dark brown colour, the angle directed forwards; this is followed towards the spinners by three other much smaller and less conspicuous markings, The underside is yellow-brown, darkest along the middle, the spinners dark yellow-brown. Genital aperture small and very inconspicuous, but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). DLA, Thorell. Diza puta, sp. n. Adult female, length 2% lines. The whole of the anterior portion of this spider is of a pale yellow colour. The eyes are on greyish tubercles, compactly placed in the form of a crescent. The anterior row is much the shortest. The fore central pair are smallest, and separated from each other by two diameters’ interval, but are nearer than that to the laterals. The fore laterals are considerably the largest. The intervals between those of the posterior row are equal. The four central eyes form a square whose anterior side is distinctly shorter than the others. The clypeus is less than half the facial space in height; it has two spine-like bristles projecting forwards, with converging points in the middle close to its lower margin. The legs are short, 1, 2, 4, 3, and rather strong. Those of the first and second pairs do not much exceed the length of the spider, and are very nearly equal in length. The tibie are armed beneath with four, and the metatarsi with three, pairs of strong spines, besides a few others of very small size. The two posterior pairs are much the shortest, and have a few fine spines only. The falces are short, strong, vertical, and conical in form. The labium is short-oval. It is of a pale luteous colour, thickly mottled with cretaceous white spots. The genital aperture is very characteristic; in form it is somewhat kidney-shaped. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). MISUMENA, Latreille. Misumena pascalis, sp. un. Adult female, length 3 lines. The cephalothorax is yellowish-brown, with two broad bright red-brown parallel bands—one on each side of the caput, ending just beyond the thoracic slope; at the middle in front of the thoracic junction, between these two bands, is a conspicuous X-shaped yellow-white marking. The eyes are very small; the fore laterals slightly the largest. All are on greyish-yellow tubercles, those of the lateral pairs the strongest. The four central eyes form a square whose anterior side is the shortest. Taken in two transverse rows the eyes of each row are equally separated from each other. The height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. The falces are rather small, nearly vertical, conical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The legs are short, moderately strong, 1, 2, 4, 3. Their colour is dull orange-yellow. Those of the first and second pairs have the femora marked with two longitudinal broadish white bands underneath, and an obscure whitish line along the upperside of the tibiew. The extremities of the genua and tibie are suffused with rusty-brown, but scarcely amounting to annulation. Beneath the metatarsi are four, and beneath the tibize six, pairs of spines, but not very strong ones; there are also four spines on the upperside of the femora of the first pair—three in a longitudinal row and one behind. The spines on the two hinder pairs, which are paler in colour than the others, are very small and irregularly disposed. The abdomen is large, of a subpentagonal form, much the broadest behind, the angles rounded. It.is thickly covered with white cretaceous spots, with a broad, deep brown band round the fore half of the upperside, narrowest in the middle, and a central longitudinal, somewhat oval, patch of deep brown is followed by some irregular oblique stripes of brown and black-brown on the hinder half, their obscure extremities 86 ARANEIDEA. meeting an oblique irregular stripe running laterally on each side from above the spinners forwards. The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous, but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Misumena pallida, sp. n. Adult female, length 34 lines. The cephalothorax is of a pale dull yellow-brown hue. The eye-tubercles and the rest of the ocular area white, and a strong, somewhat V-shaped white marking close to and on the thoracic junction. The upper surface is also furnished, but not thickly, with some longish prominent spine-like bristles. The clypeus is slightly less in length than half the facial space, and has a row of prominent bristles along its lower margin. The eyes are small, but in the normal position. Those of each of the fore and hinder rows respectively are equally separated one from another. The length of the trapezoid formed by the four central eyes is rather greater than its width behind, and the anterior side is rather shorter than the posterior. The falces are moderate in length and strength. Similar in colour to the cephalothorax, but mostly white in front. The legs are short, tolerably strong, similar to the cephalothorax in colour; the anterior sides of the femora and genua white. The metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs have seven pairs of strongish, but not very long, spines beneath them ; the tibie of the first pair of legs have five pairs of spines, but those of the second only two pairs. The two posterior pairs of legs have a few very fine spines irregularly disposed. The mawille, labium, and sternum (as well as the under sides of the coxal and exinguinal joints of the legs) are more or less suffused with white. The abdomen is yellowish-white, large, of a somewhat pentagonal form, furnished with a few prominent black bristles on the upperside, and has some dusky markings on the hinder part, representing faintly the normal oblique bars or broken chevrons. The genital aperture is tolerably conspicuous and of characteristic form. flab. Panama, Veraguas ( Boucard). Misumena conjuncta, sp. n. Adult female, length 22 lines. The cephalothorax of this spider is reddish-yellow-brown, the sides and hinder part of the thorax yellow, and has a longish, somewhat X-shaped, cream-yellow marking near the thoracic junction. The eyes are small, but in the ordinary position, and on greyish tubercles: the interval between the two fore central eyes is slightly greater than that between each and the fore lateral next to it; the eyes of the posterior row are equidistant from each other. The four centrals form a square whose fore side is shorter than the rest. The height of the clypeus equals half that of the facial space. The falces are rather small, vertical, straight, and conical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The legs are rather short, 1, 2, 4, 3, not very strong, the two anterior pairs of a reddish-yellow colour, with six pairs of spines beneath the metatarsi, and four pairs of spines beneath the tibie, all small, the former stronger ; on the femora are four spines. The two posterior pairs of legs are yellow, with a few irregularly. disposed very fine spines. The maaille, labium, and sternum are yellow. The abdomen is considerably broader towards the hinder part than in front, but not so pentagonal in form as in M. pascalis. It is of a dull yellow-brownish hue, marked on the sides forwards and towards the spinners with an irregular black band or elongate patch; on the hinder part of the upperside is a somewhat broken diamond-shaped patch, formed by slight black markings. The sides are also mottled with yellowish-white cretaceous spots. ‘The genital aperture is very small and inconspicuous, but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Boucard). This spider is nearly allied to I. pascalis, but differs in its characteristic markings, and also in the structure of the genital aperture. STROPHIUS.—BUCRANIUM. 87 STROPHIUS, Keyserling. Strophius hirsutus, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 2 lines. The cephalothoraw is dark, slightly reddish-brown, narrowly margined with white, and covered thinly, chiefly towards the sides and in the ocular region, with minute tubercles or granulosities, each emitting a coarse spiniform bristle. The clypeus looked at in profile projects on a similar slope to that of the ocular area ; it is equal in height to half that of the facial space, and has a row of prominent bristles on its fore (or lower) margin. The eyes are small, excepting the fore laterals, which are considerably the largest. They are placed in two transverse nearly parallel rows; the anterior row being the shortest, but not greatly so. Each fore central eye is scarcely more than a diameter’s distance from the fore lateral eye on its side; the interval between the two fore centrals being at least three times as large. The two hind central eyes are rather wider apart than the fore centrals, and the four form a transverse oblong nearly twice as long as it is broad. The eyes are all narrowly margined with yellow, and those of the lateral pairs are seated on moderately strong tubercles. The legs are moderately strong and rather short ; the difference in length between 1-2 and 3-4 is not nearly so great as in the allied genera Xystious, Runcinia, Synema, &c. They are nearly similar in colour to the cephalothorax, but gradually become rather paler towards their extremities. Those of the two hinder pairs are marked with a straight, longitudinal white line along the upperside. Slight traces of a similar line are visible in parts on the first and second pairs of legs. They are nearly destitute of spines, excepting a few not very strong ones on the femora (which are rather granulose), and one or two at the extremities of the tibiz of the first and second pairs of legs. The falces are not very powerful; they are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and furnished in front some- what thickly with short strong prominent bristles. The palpi are short, and similar to the legs in colour. The mazille are similar to the falces in colour, and are armed with a row of spine-like bristles on the outer margins and extremity of their anterior half. The sternum is rather darker, and its surface is slightly rugulose. The abdomen is very Thomisiform, broadest behind and moderately convex above ; it is covered rather thickly with prominent spine-like bristles. The upperside is deep brown, nearly black behind, with a broad cream-white transverse band near the middle; this band is continued obliquely over the sides, where it becomes of a yellow-brownish hue. Conspicuous on this band near the middle of the abdomen are two deep red-brown round impressed spots in a transverse line, and a little behind them is a largish nearly white patch forming a protuberance of the band itself; on the fore margin of the transverse band are two similar but smaller impressed spots nearer together. The sides are obliquely rugulose and spotted with white, and there are also a few scattered white spots on the hinder part of the abdomen near the spinners; in one example these spots form some broken transverse curved lines; the underside is dark brown. The genital aperture is not very conspicuous, but characteristic in form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). BUCRANIUM, Cambridge. Bucranium spinigerum, sp. n. Adult female, length rather over 2 lines. The cephalothorax is of a deep rich reddish-brown colour, strongly tuberculose and its surface densely granulose ; the caput is very broad, the lower fore corners rather prominent, the fore margin indented or somewhat shallow angulated. The height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space. The ends of the ocular area are very tuberculosely and irregularly prominent and divergent. On the upperside of the caput and sides of the thorax are eight or nine subconical spine-bearing prominences or tubercles of different sizes: the two largest are in a transverse line just at the thoracic junction, and each bears twe 88 ARANEIDEA. divergent sharp pale spines, longer than the tubercles ; the rest have only one spine each, but of a similar length and character. On the fore part of the caput, the lower margin of the clypeus, and ocular promi- nences are also some short prominent spines issuing from tubercles. The eyes are small, not very unequal in size, and occupy a wide area. Each hind lateral eye is just behind, and near the extremity of, the large divergent tubercular prominence above mentioned ; each fore lateral being near its base in front; the fore centrals form a much longer line than the hind centrals, and with the latter describe a transverse oblong figure whose width is double its length on the posterior side. The legs are short, not very strong, nor greatly differing in length, 1, 2, 4, 3, dark brown, somewhat annulose with yellowish markings and annuli. The whole of the metatarsi of the first and second pairs, and the lower half of the femora of the third and fourth pairs, are pale yellow. The femora are tuberculose, the tubercles having the appearance of being once armed with spines, now broken off. The palpi are short, strong, of a yellow-brown colour, the humeral joint deep blackish-brown and armed beneath with short tuberculous black spines. The falces are of moderate length and strength, and of a yellowish-brown colour, armed in front with a few short spines. The maxilla, labium, and sternum are deep dark brown. The maxille are long and narrow, almost close together, and bristly, the labium being acuminate, almost similar to that of Aphantochilus, Cambr. The abdomen is Thomisiform, much broadest and rounded behind, tolerably convex, though rather flattened above. Its upperside is of a dull brownish-yellow colour, with two largish round black impressed spots in a transverse line near the middle, and a little way in front of these, but nearer together, are two other much smaller spots; just in front of these last and describing nearly a square are four conspicuous, conical, amber-coloured diaphanous tubercles, each bearing an erect, sharp, tapering pale spine, a little longer than the height of the tubercle. A marginal row of similar but smaller spinigerous tubercles runs round the anterior side of the abdomen, and there are also several others of a similar kind on each side of the central square; besides these, towards the hinder part are some small blackish bristle-bearing granu- losities. Just behind each of the largest central round black spots is a pale curved somewhat semilunar patch merging laterally. The convexity of the curves is directed backwards, and the anterior margins of the patches are white. The sides and underside of the abdomen are dull brownish, the former slightly spotted or freckied with whitish. The genital aperture is very minute and inconspicuous, but of charac- teristic form. Hab. PaxaMa, Bugaba (Champion). This spider, though nearly allied to Bucranium taurifrons, Cambr. (P. Z. S. 1881, p- 772), from the Amazons, is quite distinct from it. THANATUS, C. L. Koch. Thanatus punctiger, sp. n. Adult female, length 3% lines. The cephalothoraa is yellow tinged with orange-brown, and clothed with fine grey pubescence ; the sides of the thorax are marked (pencilled in a somewhat reticulated fashion) with deep black-brown ; the caput being less thickly marked, a dark line running backwards from each hind lateral eye, and a few spots arranged in a somewhat cruciform pattern at the thoracic junction. The clypeus equals half the facial space in height, and has a few prominent bristles towards its lower margin. The eyes are small, the hind laterals rather the largest. Those of the posterior row are separated from each other by as nearly as possible equal intervals, as are also those of the much shorter anterior row. The interval between the lateral pairs on either side is rather greater than that between each hind lateral eye and the hind central next to it. The interval between the fore centrals is slightly greater than that between each and the fore lateral eye on its side; and the interval between each hind central eye and the fore central, not next to it but on the opposite side, is equal to that between the eyes of the posterior row. THANATUS.—SPHEROBOTHRIA. 89 The legs are moderately long, apparently 2, 1, 3, 4, rather slender, yellow, thickly spotted on the uppersides and in front, especially those of the first and second pairs, with small red-brown and black spots. The difference in length between 1, 3, and 4 is very slight. They are armed with spines on the femora, tibie, and metatarsi, those beneath the tibiz and metatarsi being long and arranged in pairs. There is no scopula beneath the tarsi. The falces are moderately long and strong, straight, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and with a few similar spots in front. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and markings. The maxille, labium, and sternum are yellow. The abdomen is elongate-oval, of a dull luteous colour, thickly covered with, mostly coalescing, cretaceous spots, and much marked and spotted on the upper part and sides with dark chocolate-brown ; these markings form a kind of diffused broad longitudinal band on each side of the median line, broken into somewhat oblique bars towards the hinder extremity. The genital aperture is small but of characteristic form. The abdo- men is very thinly clothed with pale pubescence and a few short bristly hairs. This spider is very nearly allied to Z%bellus, but on the whole comes, probably, more naturally into the genus Thanatus. Hab. Guatemata, Chiacam in Vera Paz (Sarg). In his notes, Mr. Sarg speaks of this spider as having the ground-colour of the abdomen “ pinkish-white.” The pink tinge has, however, disappeared by preservation in spirit of wine. SPHA.ROBOTHRIA, Karsch. Spherobothria hoffmanni. Spharobothria hoffmannii, Karsch, Zeitschr. ges. Nat. lil. p. 536, t. 7. figg. 1, 2 (1879). Adult female, length 20 lines; adult male, length 15 lines. The cephalothorax is a little longer than broad, truncate in front, and moderately convex above. The caput does not rise much nor abruptly from the thoracic level, and the normal indentations are fairly but not very strongly marked. The thoracic indentation is circular and filled up by a kind of chitinous plug of a subconical form. (This is a most remarkable and conspicuous feature, and had determined me to base a new genus upon it, before I was aware that it had been so dealt with by Dr. Karsch.) The cephalothorax is of a dull yellow-brown colour, clothed with coarse grey-brown pubescence. The eyes are small, seated on a small oval hump or eye-eminence close to the fore margin of the caput. Those of the anterior row, which run in a straight line transversely over the hump, are separated by equal intervals, and its laterals are apparently a little the largest ; behind each of the central eyes of this row, and nearly ina line between it and the hind lateral eye, is an eye of the hind central pair, which are very small. The eyes may therefore be described as in two small groups forming nearly an equilateral triangle at each end of the eye-eminence, from which also some coarse reddish-brown bristles are directed forwards. The legs are moderately long, strong, 4, 1, 2, 3, similar in colour to the cephalothorax ; clothed with similar pubescence and long coarse hairs and bristles, some of which have a dull reddish hue, There are a tew small spines on the tibie and metatarsi (strongest and most conspicuous in the male); and the tarsi and metatarsi have a dense scopula beneath them, reflecting metallic hues ; this scopula, however, only extends about halfway along the metatarsi of the fourth pair. The palpi are rather long, strong, leg-like, similar in colour to the legs; the digital joint (of the 9) has a dense scopula beneath. The falces are strong, prominent, and arched in profile. They are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and clothed with pubescence and coarse bristles like the legs. The mawille are long, divergent, nearly cylindrical, with a small projecting point at their extremity on the inner side. Labium short, broad, truncated at the apex, which is nearly as broad as the base, BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arach. Aran., April 1892, Nt 90 ARANEIDEA. The sternum is small, oval. The maxille, labium, and sternum are similar in colour and clothing to the cephalothorax. The abdomen is of moderate size, oval, of a deep dull brown-black, and clothed densely with hairs and long bristles, some of which are of areddish hue. The spinners are four in number, the superior ones the longest, but not very long, upturned, 3-jointed, or (counting the base) 4-jointed; the inferior spinners short, 1- or 2-jointed, and placed immediately at the inner side of the base of the others. The male resembles the female in colour and general appearance, but the legs and superior spinners are longer, as are also the spines on the legs; beneath the fore extremity of the tibie of the first pair, and directed rather inwards, is a strong curved projection, densely clothed with bristles. The palpi of this sex have the radial joint nearly double the length, and stronger than the cubital, furnished with spines, hairs, and bristles, the latter longest and most numerous underneath; digital joint short; the palpal organs consist of a basal bulb produced gradually in a pyriform curved shape, and ending in a rather obtuse point directed outwards. The colour of these organs is black-brown on the convex, and red on the concave side. Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers). The genus Sphwrobothria appears to come near Hurypelma, Koch, and may be easily distinguished by the remarkable subconical plug with which the thoracic inden- tation is closed up. Numerous examples of the female, and also two males, of this remarkable spider were contained in the collection made by Mr. H. Rogers in Costa Rica in 1878. The male is new to science, the genus and species having been established by Dr. Karsch upon the female only. Dr. Karsch’s specimen also came from Costa Rica. EURYPELMA, Koch (Auss.). Eurypelma mesomelas, sp. n. Adult male, length 21 lines, to end of falces 25 lines; length of cephalothorax nearly 12 lines; breadth, a little over 10 lines. The cephalothorax, the abdomen, and the femora of all the legs are covered with a dense, smooth, velvety-black- brown pubescence ; the cephalothorax more or less tinged with brown. The fore extremities of the femora are furnished thickly with foxy-red hairs, as also are the genua and portions of the other joints, especially on the upper sides of the first and second pairs of legs ; these other joints have also numerous black and brown hairs in parts, with which are mixed some very long, prominent, foxy-red bristles. The tarsi are all dull blackish, and beneath them and the metatarsi is a dense scopula, The tibia and metatarsi are armed with not very strong spines. At the fore extremity of the tibie of the first pair of legs on the inner side, rather underneath, are two strong, prominent, processes densely clothed with bristly hairs. The abdomen is thinly furnished towards the hinder part with long foxy-red bristles. The eyes are small, seated on a rather small, but distinct, transverse-oval eminence, close to the fore margin of the cephalothorax. The two central eyes are placed in a transverse line near the middle of the eminence, the interval between them being distinctly more than a diameter. The other eyes are situated three on each side rather close together; the two posterior eyes of these three are contiguous to each other, and the anterior eyes (which are each separated from the central eye next to it by a space equalling the diameter of the latter) are the largest of the eight. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, strong, and rather long ; the humeral joints are black-brown like the femora of the legs; the other joints are more or less bright foxy-red; the radial joints are longer and stronger than the cubital, furnished with spines, and numerous long bristly hairs beneath ; the digital joint is small, and cleft at its fore extremity; the palpal organs consist of the usual somewhat EURYPELMA.—DAVUS. 9] pyriform bulb, of a rich black-brown colour; the stem (or anterior portion) enlarging into a flattish, somewhat oval form, whose rounded obtuse extremity has a semitransparent red rim. The falces are Jong, strong, roundly arched in profile, and densely clothed with foxy-red hairs and bristles, mixed with a few of a browner hue. The fang is long, strong, curved, and black. The cephalothorax is oval in form, narrowed and truncated at the caput, and longer than broad. The relative length of the legs. which are robust and rather long, is 4, 1, 2, 3, but the actual difference in length is not great. The maville are long, straight, divergent, with a prominent angular point on the inner side of the anterior extremity ; they are of a red-brown colour, their inner margin being clothed with a strong fringe of red bristly hairs, as also are the undersides of the falces. The ludiwm is almost quadrate, but rather broader at the base than at the apex, which is truncated. The sternum is small, oblong-oval, about double as long as broad, and (with the basal joints of all the legs) densely clothed with deep brown pubescence, mixed with longer, blackish, bristly hairs. The spinners are four in number, the superior pair the longest, moderately long and upturned (these parts were injured by the opening and stuffing, for preservation, of the abdomen, so that their exact length and joints cannot be accurately seen). Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers). DAVUS, gen. nov. Cephalothorax as broad as long, narrow and truncate at the caput, very broad behind. Caput scarcely raised above the thorax ; thoracic indentation roundish, but not particularly strong or conspicuous. Eyes on a distinct oval eye-eminence ; a line drawn across close below the central pair would just pass between them and the fore laterals, which are larger than the centrals, the hind lateral and hind central eye on its side (which last is the smallest and of irregular shape) are almost or quite contiguous to each other. Legs short, very robust, without spines, or, if any, a very few fine ones beneath the metatarsi; they are much injured in the single specimen obtained, but judging by the femora, which are all entire, their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3, though the actual difference is small; beneath the tarsi and a small portion of the metatarsi of those legs which are tolerably perfect is a scopula. Falces strong, prominent, somewhat abruptly bent (in a rounded form) in profile. Mawille long, straight, divergent, and with a very small prominent point at the extremity on the inner side. Labium longer than broad, of a somewhat oblong form. Sternum of moderate size, oval, broadest behind, and hollow-truncate in front. Abdomen small, oval. Spinners 4. Superior pair as long as the tarsi of the second pair of legs. The nearest allies of the spider for which this new genus is proposed are Lurypelma, C. Koch (Auss.), Zasiodora, C. Koch, Lasiocnemus, Auss., and Homeomma, Auss. Davus fasciatus, sp. n. | Adult male, length 74 lines, to end of falees &} lines; length and breadth of cephalothorax 43 lines. The cephalothoraa above and below, the legs, falces, and palpi are dark brown, the cephalothorax clothed with dull yellowish-brown pubescence and hairs. The eye-eminence has some long bristly hairs in front and behind, meeting over the middle. The abdomen is densely clothed with hairs and pubescence, banded with distinct alternate lateral bands of black-brown and foxy-red (whether the bands traverse the upper- side or join into a longitudinal central band cannot be distinctly seen); there are also numerous long bristly hairs of a foxy-reddish colour on its upper surface. The two central and fore lateral eyes form a straight row (looked at from above and a little behind) over the anterior side of the eye-eminence. The hind lateral eye on each side is contiguous to the hind central eye ; the latter is smallest and both are of irregular form and bright red colour. The interval between those of the hind central pair is a diameter, and is greater than that between each and the fore lateral eye next toit. The hind central eyes are also almost contiguous to the fore laterals ; in fact the eyes form two groups, the eyes of which are exceedingly close together, some being quite contiguous. The palpi are tolerably long and strong; the radial exceeds the cubital joint in length and strength, Digital Nf 2 92 ARANEIDEA. joint small. The palpal organs consist of a large roundish basal bulb, produced into a not very long but strongish, curved, tapering sharp-pointed spiny process, almost concealed among the long dense hairs beneath the radial joint. The tibie of the first pair of legs are furnished with two strong prominences or spurs clothed with hairs at the fore extremity on the inner side. Hab. Costa Rica (Loucard). This spider is remarkable, not only for the large comparative size of the cephalo- thorax and its short strong legs, but also for the very distinct pattern on the abdomen. MACROTHELE, Ausserer. Macrothele digitata, sp. n. Adult female, length & lines; length of abdomen 5, and of the spinners of the superior pair 63 lines: adult male, length 6 lines ; length of abdomen 34, and of the superior spinners 5 lines. Female. The cephalothorax is short, oval, truncated anteriorly, flattened, the caput not rising above the thoracic level, excepting the eye-eminence, which is of moderate size and height, oval, and close to the fore margin of the caput. Normal indentations tolerably strong, and marked by converging dark brown lines, the ground-colour being yellowish-brown, and the surface covered with adpressed silky greyish-yellow pube- scence. Thoracic indentation deep, slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed backwards. The eyes are of tolerable size, disposed in the usual form: two large, round, and prominent, in a transverse line, occupy the middle at the fore part of the eminence ; the interval between these is not much more than half a diameter. At about the same distance on each side of these is a group of three others on a tubercle near the base of the eminence; the two outer ones (lateral pair) oval, almost as large as the centrals, and nearly contiguous to each other; the other (hind central) small, oval, and nearly contiguous to the hind lateral eye on its side, These are of a pearly-white hue, the centrals dark grey. The legs are tolerably strong, not very long, 4, 3, 2,1, of a yellowish-brown colour, marked with deep reddish- brown at the ends of the joints, and clothed with numerous hairs, bristles, and spines (the latter chiefly on the metatarsi and tibiw, though there are a few near the extremity on each side of the tarsi); each hair, bristle, and spine issues from a minute dark reddish-brown tubercle, giving the legs a closely spotted or speckled look. The tarsi end with two superior curved claws, beneath which is another smaller one, all three pectinated. The tarsi are all long, thin, and devoid of scopula. The palpi are short, strong, and resemble the legs in colour and armature, terminating with a single claw, which is pectinated and slightly curved. The falces are strong, very prominent, and abruptly curved downwards near their extremity in profile ; they are of a deep rich red-brown colour, furnished in front with numerous long black bristles. Fang short, powerful, and similar in colour to the falces. The mawille are not very long, but broad, straight, and divergent, with a prominent obtuse point at their extremity on the inner side; they are of a red-brown hue, yellow on the inner side, where towards the base are numerous minute red-brown spines or denticles. The labium is very small and short, set almost at right angles to the sternum, deep reddish-brown, with a yellow apex. The sternum is short, oval, pointed behind, truncated before, of a blackish-red-brown colour, furnished with numerous prominent bristles, and with a marginal row of clear roundish yellowish-red-brown spots marking the insertion of each leg. The abdomen is oval, rather convex above, of a dull chocolate-brown hue, thinly covered with yellowish pubescence and some bristly hairs; it is marked on the upperside with two longitudinal rows of fine oblique pale stripes, the last three or four of which meet, and form the ordinary angular bars or chevrons. The four spiracular plates are of a yellowish hue, marked round their inner sides with a half-ring or crescent marking of deep black-red-brown. The spinners of the superior pair are longer than the abdomen, three-jointed, the last joint very long, tapering to a fine point, and palpiform ; the inferior ones one-jointed, cylindrical, and shorter than the first joint of the superior pair. MACROTHELE.—PACHYLOSCELIS. 93 The mate is of a rather clearer and lighter colour than the female, especially the legs and palpi; the abdomen, however, is as dark, and the oblique lines on it are more distinct ; the tibie of the first pair of legs are very strong, and at their extremity on the outer side, somewht underneath, is a strong obtuse prominence whose extremity is armed with eight or nine short, strong, divergent spines; the metatarsi of the same pair are bent, and have a conical tooth-like prominence near the middle on the outer side. The palpi are strong, the radial joint somewhat tumid; the digital joint small, but with its outer extremity produced into a long, cylindrical, finger-like projection, armed with several short black spines at and near its termination. The palpal organs consist of a small roundish-oval bulb, gradually produced into a long curved spine, with a fine hair-like termination. Hab. Guatemaua, Cubilguitz, Chamiquin, Tucuru, Escuintla (Sarg). Mr. Sarg says of this spider that it lives in holes in the ground, near which it makes small, strong, irregular webs, consisting of various floors or chambers. It is a very remarkable species, from the peculiar form of the digital joint of the male palpus, and is, so far as I am aware, the second species only of this genus recorded as yet from the New World. PACHYLOSCELIS, Lucas. Pachyloscelis robustus, sp. n. Adult female, length 104 lines; to end of faices 13 lines. The cephalothorax, falces, legs, palpi, and other fore parts are of a rich dark brown colour ; in some examples the genua, tibis, metatarsi, and tarsi of the two anterior pairs of legs, and occasionally of all the legs, are of a reddish-yellow-brown hue. The abdomen is of a dull but warm brown colour. The cephalothorax is slightly longer than broad ; broadest between the insertion of the first and second pairs of legs, and thence narrowing gradually to the hinder extremity. Its surface is very glossy and smooth. The caput is considerably elevated, the hinder part abrupt and rounded, broad and truncated in front ; the thoracic indentation is large, deep, strongly curved, the convexity of the curve directed backwards, and at each of its ends is an additional indentation. The thorax is flat, and has a strong depression at the thoracic junction. The height of the clypeus is about equal to the length of a line formed by the fore central pair of eyes. The eyes are eight in number, seated on very slight tubercles, unequal in size, and form a transverse oblong rectangular figure about two and a half times longer (in its transverse diameter) than broad, ‘They may, however, be most conveniently described as in three groups rather widely separated from each other—a central group of two (the smallest) near together in a transverse line, and at some distance on each side a group of three in a triungle formed by the lateral pair and the hind central eye next to it. The hind central eyes are oval and not much, if at all, larger than the fore centrals, and each is separated from the hind lateral eye next to it by about its own diameter’s distance. The fore laterals are slightly the largest (though in some examples the hind laterals appear the largest), aud are separated trom the hind laterals by a space equalling about once and a half their diameter. The interval between the eyes of the central group is about a diameter, and each is separated from the fore lateral on its side by about three diameters of the latter. Legs very short, strong, 4, 3,1, 2; those of the two hinder pairs considerably the strongest, furnished sparingly with hairs and bristles ; the edges of the undersides of the tarsi and metatarsi of the first two pairs are furnished with short strong spines, and on the upperside of the metatarsi of the third pair are two parallel rows of spines. The outer sides of the genua of the fourth pair are thickly covered with very short denticular spines, a few similar ones are also on those of the third pair, with a marginal row of the same at the fore extremity, both of the genua and tibia. Each tarsus ends with three strongly curved, simple claws, beneath which is a small group of bristles, though scarcely to be called either a scopula or claw-tuft. 94 ARANEIDEA. The palpi are strong and leg-like, and the undersides of the digital and radial joints are armed with two rows of strong spines. , The falces are powerful, prominent, in profile arched; they have a considerable prominence at the extremity on the inner side armed with strong spines. The mawille are short, broad, and strong, divergent; at their extremity on the inner side is a distinct conical prelongation or prominenee. The labium is a little longer than broad at its base, and of a subtriangular form rounded at the apex, where (as well as on the front surface of the mayille) on the inner side are numerous short denticular spines. The sternum is of a somewhat elongated pentagonal form, broadest behind, and strongly impressed along the middle. The abdomen is short-oval, of moderate size, rather convex above; the spinners, four in number, are short, the upper pair very strong, 4-jointed, the lower pair small and 2-jointed, The spiracular plates 4, and in ordinary position. Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Boucard). TMARUS, Simon. Tmarus ineptus, sp. n. Adult female, length 2} lines. The cephalothorax is short, broad, oblong-oval, truncate in front just above the falces; sides dark yellow-brown, with pale converging broken lines. The eye-area and clypeus are marked and mottled with yellow-brown and whitish, and this is continued in a tapering form to the hinder extremity ; the central longitudinal band is constricted at the beginning of the hinder slope, and has a fine prominent pomt there on each side. The surface of the cephalothorax is thinly covered with minute tubercles, from each of which issues a strong prominent bristle. The height of the clypeus is half that of the facial space. The eyes are in the usual position, and occupy the whole width of the caput. Those of the lateral pairs are much the largest, the anterior of each pair being the larger of the two. They are seated on large whitish tubercular prominences of a somewhat truncated conical form, strongly globose towards the base. The fore centrals are the smallest of the eight, and are considerably nearer to each other than those of the hind central pair. The interval between those of the fore central pair is equal to that between each and the hind central eye opposite to it, and the interval between those of the hind central pair is less than that between each and the hind lateral eye next to it. The four central eyes are also on small tubercles. The legs are short ; the first pair is slightly longer than the second. The third and fourth pairs are much the shortest, and as nearly as possible equal in length. They are all of a pale brownish-yellow colour, broadly striped longitudinally with cream-white, and the white bands are marked with roundish chestnut-brown spots ; these are most marked on the first and second pairs, of which the fore extremities of the metatarsi are marked with a small black-brown annulus. ‘The tibix and metatarsi of the first two pairs are armed with spines issuing from slight tubercles; of these spines the chief are arranged in three pairs under each tibia and four under the metatarsi, forming two longitudinal parallel rows. All the femora have some spines on the upperside. The tarsi end with two curved pectinated claws. The palpz are small, short, and similar to the legs in colour. The falces are small, short, subconical, and similar in colour to the clypeus. The maaille and labiwm are similar to the legs in colour. The sternum is cream-whitish, narrowly margined with yellowish-brown. The abdomen (looked at from above) is of somewhat subtriangular form; the hinder part is elevated and termi- nates in a strong subconical prominence, from the base of which the hinder slope to the spinners is straight and rapid. The colour is dull yellowish, marked and mottled with cream-white and brown, the former chiefly distributed along the middle of the upperside. It is thinly sprinkled above and on the sides with minute deep red-brown tubercles, from each of which issues an erect blackish spine-like bristle. The genital aperture is small but of a characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). TMARUS. 95 Tmarus mundulus, sp. n. Adult female, length 13? lines. This spider bears a general resemblance to 7’. ineptus ; but the legs are shorter, their armature is different, the clypeus is higher, the markings on the cephalothorax and abdomen differ, and the form of the genital aperture is quite distinct. The cephalothorax is dark yellow-brown, paler behind the eyes, in a somewhat subtriangular form margined and bisected longitudinally with cream-yellow lines ; the hinder angle is produced backwards in a narrow cream-yellow band abruptly truncated just behind the thoracic indentation. The sides of the thorax are marked with converging cream-yellow lines; and the clypeus, which is distinctly higher than half the facial space, is much suffused with cream-ycllow. The surface is thinly furnished with not very strong prominent bristles. The eyes are like those of 7’, ineptus, excepting that the line formed by those of the fore central pair is distinctly shorter than that formed by each and the hind central eye on its side; in fact, the sides and hinder side of the figure formed by the four central eyes are equal, whereas in 7’. ineptus the fore side and sides of this figure are equal. The legs are short, yellow-brown, 2,1, 4,3; 2 and 1 scarcely appearing to differ in length, and 3 being a little shorter than 4. They are but faintly marked with whitish; and the spines under the tibie of the first and second pairs are four in number, in two pairs, and there are three pairs beneath the metatarsi. The falces are moderately long and strong, subconical, and about equal to the height of the facial space in length ; they are of a dark yellow-brown colour, marked more or less with ereamy-whitish in front. The palpi and maxille are similar in colour to the legs. The labium is dark yellow-brownish, and the sternum is of a slightly lighter hue. ‘The abdomen is subpentagonal, much broader behind than in front, and has a smail subconical eminence at the top of the posterior slope, which last runs down nearly vertically to the spinners; its colour is whitish above and on the sides, mottled and marbled with yellow-brown; there is also a large, tolerably well defined yellow-brown patch on each side at the fore extremity and on each side just behind the subconical eminence. The underside has a broad central longitudinal dull yellowish-brown band from end to end. The upperside is covered sparingly with small prominent bristles. The genital aperture is small but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Tmarus corruptus, sp. n. Adult female, length 3 lines. The cephalothorax is of the ordinary form. The height of the clypeus slightly exceeds half that of the facial space. It is of a yellow-brown colour, marked with converging cream-white lines defining the caput and thoracic segments. The caput is much suffused with whitish, and towards the margins of the thorax there are also some irregular whitish mottlings. The eyes are normal in respect to their relative size, lateral tubercles, and general position. Those of the anterior row are separated by equal intervals. The hind central pair are nearer to each other than each is to the hind lateral eye on its side. The four centrals form nearly a rectangle whose anterior side is slightly shorter than the sides, and these last are a little shorter than the hinder side. The legs are moderately long and not very strong, 1,2, 4,3 ; there is little, if any, difference between the first and second pairs, but the third are a little longer than the fourth. They are of a pale yellow colour very slightly tinged with brown, and there is a broad whitish longitudinal band mottled with greyish-brown spots on the undersides. On the femora of the first and second pairs are, besides some others, three spines in a longitudinal row on the anterior side. There are also three pairs of spines beneath the tibiv of those two pairs of legs, and four pairs beneath the metatarsi, AJ} these spines spring trom minute blackish tubercles, and give the legs a spotted appearance. . The falces are moderate in length, not very strong, yellow-brown at the base, whitish beyond and on the inner side. The mawille are dull whitish ; the labium rather browner; and the sternum, which is more oval than in many other species of the genus, is yellowish-white thickly spotted with greyish-brown. 96 ARANEIDEA. The abdomen is subpentagonal, broad, and well rounded on the sides behind; and with a strongish blunt sub- conical prominence at the middle of the posterior extremity ; from the base of the prominence to the spinners the hinder slope is abrupt and of rather considerable extent. The upperside and sides are whitish, with a broad blackish longitudinal central band above and an oblique blackish stripe near the middle of each side. The underside has a central black longitudinal stripe flanked on either side by a white one; the white stripes are spotted with dark grey. (Specimens in better condition than the only one as yet seen of this species would probably show a more distinct pattern on the abdomen than that above described.) The genital aperture is of moderate size and characteristic form. Hab. PaxaMa, Bugaba (Champion). Tmarus intentus, sp. n. Adult male, length 14 lines. The cephalothorax is of normal form ; the height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. The cephalothorax is of a yellow-brown colour, marked with deep red-brown and converging whitish lines thickening to stripes on the sides of the thorax ; three of these lines run backwards from the middle and outer sides of the ocular area, and from their point of convergence at the thoracic junction a broad well- defined white band runs to the extremity of the hinder slope, the rest of which is deep red-brown ; several minute scattered red-brown tubercles are visible on the upperside, but the spines with which they had once probably been surmounted have almost all been broken off. The eyes are normal in their general position and relative sizes. The four centrals form a quadrangle whose anterior side is much the shortest, the other three sides not differing much. . The legs are long, slender, 1, 2, 4, 3. They are of a brownish-yellow colour, spotted longitudinally on the fore sides of the femora of the first and seeond pairs with dark grey. The spiny armature has been somewhat injured, but there appears to have been three pairs of spines beneath each of the tibize and metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs. The palpi are short, slender, and similar in colour to the legs. The radial and cubital joints are very short and furnished with bristles ; the former has its outer extremity slightly and obtusely produced. The digital joint is small but equal to the radial and cubital joints together in length; the palpal organs are simple, and have a tapering black spine curved round their extremity, and another on their inner side. The falces project forwards; they are moderate in length and strength, yellow-brown; the sides and extre- mities white. The mawille, labium, and sternum are yellow. The abdomen is oblong, very slightly produced in a somewhat segmented caudate form behind ; it is of a dull brownish hue suffused on the sides with whitish, and with a longitudinal whitish central band not well defined ; the upperside is covered thinly with minute red-brown tubercles, from each of which at one time no doubt there issued a long spine-like bristle, but these have almost all been broken off. The underside is of a dull brownish hue tinged with yellowish, and marked off from the sides by a longitudinal blackish stripe. The adult female differs from the male only in being a little larger and of a somewhat more generally yellow- brown hue. The legs are, however, shorter. The genital aperture is small and simple, but charac- teristic. Hab. Guatumaua, Chiacam (Sarg, 6); Panama, Bugaba (Champion, ¢ ). Tmarus pauper, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines. The cephalothoraw is of the ordinary form. The height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. The colour is dark yellow-brown, marked with converging yellowish lines, of which those indicating the caput (which run backwards a little way from each hind lateral eye), and another running from the TMARUS., 97 middle of the ocular area until it meets the two before mentioned at the thoracic junction, are the brightest and best defined. The sides of the thorax are also somewhat marbled or reticulated with yellowish. The eyes are normal in general position and relative size. The four centrals form a quadrangle, whose anterior side is the shortest and the posterior side slightly the longest; and the interval between those of the fore central pair is distinctly less than that between each and the fore lateral eye next to it. The legs are long and slender, 1, 2, 4, 8. They are of a yellow-brownish hue, with a rather broad dark brown longitudinal stripe along the front of the femora of the first pair; these femora, as well as those of the second pair, being also marked with white along their inner sides, The legs of the two hinder pairs are paler than the rest, and, except for some traces of white, unicolorous. The spines beneath the tibiz and metatarsi of the first two pairs appear to consist of two pairs on the former and three pairs on the latter. The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, very short, the cubital and radial joints especially ; these two joints are about equal in length, the radial being the strongest, and having its outer extremity produced into a short obtusely pointed apophysis, and a strongish projection at its extremity beneath; the form of this last is not easy to make out exactly. The digital joint is of moderate size, and equal to the radial and cubital joints in length. The palpal organs are well developed, simple, encircled by a slender black filiform spine, and at their base a prominent strongish T-shaped process. The falces are deep yellow-brown, slightly marked in front with yellowish. They are of a subconical form, moderate in length and strength. The mawille are brownish-yellow, the labium and sternum dark yellow- brown. The sternum is of an oval shape. The abdomen is oblong, somewhat subtriangularly produced at its posterior extremity. It is of a yellow- brown colour, with a narrow longitudinal central, somewhat irregularly margined, cream-white band spotted with a darker hue on the upperside, leaving a darkish yellow-brown stripe on each side of it. The sides are longitudinally striated, the strie marked with cream-white lines ; on each side of the hinder extremity a little way from the spinners are some black markings forming a kind of short curved stripe. (If this spider ever had any spiny or bristly armature on the cephalothorax or abdomen it has been broken off, but there are traces of minute tubercles from which these may have sprung.) Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). This spider is nearly allied to 7. intentus, but may be readily distinguished by the absence of a well-defined cream-white longitudinal band bisecting the hinder slope of the thorax, as well as by the structure of the palpi and palpal organs, and other characters. Tmarus studiosus, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines; adult female, 22 to 3 lines. The cephalothoraw is of the ordinary form ; it is of a yellow colour, rather darker and tinged with orange on the sides of the caput and thorax, and has a few prominent black bristles on its upperside. The height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space. The eyes are normal in their general position and relative size. The tubercles on which they are seated are greyish-white and perhaps rather stronger than usual. The four centrals form nearly a square whose anterior side is the shortest. Those of the front row are separated from each other by equal intervals. The legs are long, slender, 1,2,4,3. Their colour is yellow, rather paler than the cephalothorax. The spines beneath the tibiz and metatarsi of the first and second pairs are irregularly disposed, not in the usual pairs ; beneath all the metatarsi and tarsi are some prominent pale slender spines somewhat regularly disposed. The palpi are short, similar to the legs in colour. The radial is equal to the cubital joint in length, but is stronger; it has its extremity on the outer side produced into a strong pointed apophysis equal to the joint in length, and with a long nearly straight tapering black spine-like process issuing from beneath its BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arach. Aran., May 1892. of 98 ARANEIDEA. extremity and lying in close proximity to the underside towards the base of the digital joint. This pro- cess gives a bifid appearance to the radial apophysis. There is also a strong slightly curved process at the extremity beneath the radial joint, rather enlarged at its end. The digital joint is of moderate size, and exceeds in length the radial and cubital joints together. The palpal organs are surrounded by a black tapering sharp-pointed spine, at the base of which is a large curved somewhat irregular process. The falces are moderate in length and strength, subconical, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The mawille, labiwm, and sternum (which last is oval) are similar in colour to the legs. The abdomen is of a somewhat cylindrical oblong form, pointed behind, this portion being of a quasi-segmentate structure. It is of a dull luteous-yellowish hue, marked on the upperside with two parallel slender white lines along the middle of the fore part, followed by a series of more or less distinct slightly angular lines or chevrons of a similar kind. The sides of the abdomen are closely mottled with white, and the upper- side is furnished thinly with long spine-like bristles issuing from minute red-brown tubercles. The female resembles the male in colours and markings, the abdomen being perhaps more suffused with white. The legs are shorter, and beneath the metatarsi of the first and second pairs the spines are more regularly arranged in pairs. In one or two specimens (which may perhaps prove eventually to be of a distinct species) the sides of the thorax have traces of white veinings and mottlings, and the anterior sides of the femora of the legs are also similarly mottled. The genital aperture is of moderate size and very characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). Tmarus decens, sp. n. Adult female, length 33 lines. The cephalothorax has the thoracic region more gibbous than usual; and the clypeus, which equals or very slightly exceeds in height half that of the facial space, is very prominent. It is of a dark dull yellowish- brown colour, almost entirely covered with cream-white mottlings, converging lines, and markings, which, however, do not overrun the hinder slope. The eyes are normal in general position and relative size, though the two transverse curved lines formed by them are nearer together than usual. The four centrals form a quadrangle whose posterior side is longer than the other three sides. The legs are moderate in length and strength, 1, 2,4, 3. They are dull yellowish, much marked with white and spotted with yellow-brownish, and the under or anterior sides of the femora and genua of the first and second pairs are dark brown; beneath the tibie of the first and second pairs are four, and beneath the metatarsi five, pairs of rather short spines very regularly arranged. The falces are moderate in size, subconical, and similar in colouring and mottling to the cephalothorax. The maxille are yellowish mottled with white. The labium and sternum are dark brown. The abdomen is of an elongate subpentagonal form, with the sides towards the hinder part roundly protuberant ; apparently it has a somewhat coriaceous epidermis. Its colour is dull cream-whitish tinged with brownish, marked, lined, and spotted with black above, the most conspicuous black marks being one on each side near the protuberant part, and another on each side near the spinners. The sides are strongly rugu- lose. The underside has a broad longitudinal dull blackish band along the middle, with a whitish stripe edged with a deep red-brown irregular line of spots. The genital aperture is obscure, but of characteristic form. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). SATRICUM. 99 SATRICUM, gen. nov. Nearly allied to Drassus. Cephalothorax: male, length and breadth equal ; female, breadth not much more than two-thirds of the length ; oblong-oval in the latter, broad-oval in the former ; lateral marginal constrictions at the caput moderate, nearly squarely truncated at the caput. The profile slopes a little downwards in a very slight convex curve from the hinder slope to the anterior eyes, with a slight depression at the thoracic junction ; hinder slope abrupt. Height of the clypeus less than half that of the facial space. Eyes small, almost equal in size; in two transverse rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior row slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed backwards; rather near together. The eyes of the hind central pair are much nearer together than each is to the hind lateral eye on its side, and with the fore central pair they form very nearly a square, whose posterior side is slightly longer than the others—at any rate in the female. The eyes of each lateral pair are near together but not contiguous to each other. Legs strong, moderately long, 4, 1, 2, 3, but little difference between 4 and 1, furnished with hairs and spines ; a scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi of the first two pairs, but only beneath the tarsi of the third and fourth pairs. A claw-tuft beneath the two terminal tarsal claws. . Mazille long, strong, straight, broadest and rounded at the extremities on the outer side, somewhat obliquely truncated on the inner side, especially in the male. Labium oblong, truncated at the apex, and about two-thirds as long as the maxille, rather shorter in proportion in the male. Sternum oblong-oval, slightly pointed behind. Spinners short, compact, the four outer ones of very nearly the same length. Satricum gnaphosoides, sp. n. Adult male, length 73 lines ; female, length 92 lines. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, of a rather deeper hue on the caput, clothed pretty thickly with pale grey fine hairs. The eyes of the hind central pair are separated by as nearly as possible a diameter’s interval, and each is about two diameters distant from the hind lateral eye on its side. The legs are similar to the cephalothorax in colour. The spines are tolerably strong, and are disposed chiefly on the tibie and metatarsi; five pairs beneath the tibie and two pairs beneath the metatarsi of the first pair of legs, but only four pairs beneath the tibia and two beneath the metatarsi of the second pair. The falces are strong, straight, rather roundly prominent in front, of a deeper hue than the cephalothorax, and furnished with numerous hairs and bristles. The labium and mawille are a little paler than the falces ; and the sternum is similar in colour to the legs. The abdomen is oval, densely clothed with hairs and greyish pubescence, and of a yellowish-brown hue. The genital aperture of the female is conspicuous, of characteristic form, somewhat subtriangular, and of a deep reddish-brown colour. The sexes do not differ much in colour. The armature of the legs of the only male specimen obtained is defec- tive; but it appears to be a little different from that of the female, as I can only trace four pairs of spines beneath the metatarsi of the first pair of legs, similar in fact to those of the second pair. The palpi of the male are moderately long, similar to the legs in colour; the radial and cubital joints are furnished thickly with long, coarse hairs, and are nearly equal in length, the latter rather the shortest and strongest, with a single black slender spine on the inner side near the base; the humeral joint has near its extremity on the upperside three strongish black spines in a transverse row, and a single one behind them; the radial joint has a small, tapering, sharp-pointed, rather prominent apophysis at its extremity on the outer side, the blackish point a little bent inwards. The digital joint is large, oval. The palpal organs are highly developed, prominent, with, among others, a small hooked corneous process at the middle of the most prominent part. Hab. Guatemala, Tactic (Sarg). Mr. Sarg speaks of these as “‘ ground spiders.” 100 ARANEIDEA. ARACHOSIA, Cambridge. Arachosia puta, sp. n. Adult female, length 5 lines. Cephalothoraa considerably longer than broad ; lateral margins at the caput moderately constricted, and the anterior margin squarely truncated. It is of a yellow colour, with regular, rather tapering, converging, dull reddish-yellow lateral stripes on the thorax, and from each of the hind central eyes a slender dark red-brown line runs backwards, the two meeting in a fine point just above the posterior margin of the thorax ; there is also a similar but rather broken line running round a little way above the margins of the thorax. The height of the clypeus is rather more than equal to the diameter of one of the anterior rows of eyes. The eyes are small and almost of equal size, seated on black spots, in two transverse rows, the anterior row The shortest and nearly straight, the posterior row strongly curved, the convexity of the curve directed backwards. The interval between the eyes of the fore central pair is equal to about a diameter, each being almost contiguous to the fore lateral eye on its side. The interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is about two diameters, and those of the hind central pair are considerably further from each other than each is from the hind lateral eye on its side. legs are moderate in length and strength, and do not differ very greatly in length, 4, 3,1, 2. They are ofa yellow colour, furnished with long spines (these are so much injured that it is not possible to ascertain their disposition and numbers accurately). There is a thin scopula beneath the tarsi and a portion of the metatarsi, and a claw-tuft beneath the two terminal tarsal claws. At the hinder extremity of the tibie and metatarsi of the first two pairs are two or three small red-brown elongate spots. Falces moderately long, straight, vertical, and like the cephalothorax in colour. Maxille moderately long, straight, sides parallel, rounded at the extremities, similar to the falces in colour. Labium short, somewhat oval, yellow, with a dusky curved marking on it. Sternum rather narrow, oval, yellow. Abdomen oval, cream-white, with a short red-brown dash at the middle of the fore margin of the upperside and two other similar dashes in a transverse line at the middle, also a few minute spots of red-brown on the lateral margins. The genital aperture is of a very characteristic form, and rather more than' halfway between it and the spinners is a transverse slit, no doubt leading to a tracheal or breathing- organ. Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). CTENUS, Walckenaer. Ctenus mordicus, sp. n. Adult male, length 9 lines; adult female, length 12 lines. Cephalothorax of male longer than broad and of normal form ; the lateral marginal constrictions at the caput tolerably strong ; the anterior margin of the caput squarely truncated ; yellow-brown in colour, covered with greyish pubescence ; a broad central longitudinal band slightly darker than the rest, and margined with a deeper reddish-brown broken stripe, reaches from the eyes to the hinder margin; the sides also have a dusky broadish marginal border. The clypeus is low, and its middle portion, including also the four central eyes, is red-brown, and a stripe of the same hue runs obliquely downwards from each lateral pair of eyes to the corner of the lower anterior margin of the caput. The space between the four central eyes is clothed with coarse yellowish-grey hairs. The eyes are in the ordinary position; four form a central quadrangle, whose posterior side, formed by the largest eyes of the eight, is the longest, the interval between these two eyes being no more than half a diameter ; the fore central pair are not more than half the size of the hind centrals, from which, and the lower margin of the clypeus, they are separated by a very narrow but about equal interval. The hind lateral eyes are large, but not so large as the hind centrals, seated on strong tubercles and directed out- CTENUS.—PRUSIAS. 101 wards ; the fore laterals are very small, close, but not contiguous to the fore centrals, being separated from them by a diameter’s interval only. The legs are long, strong, 1, 2, 4,3; the difference between 1 and 2 small. They are of a yellow-brown colour, clothed with coarse yellowish-grey hairs, and armed with strong black spines. Beneath the tarsi and metatarsi of the first and second pairs, and the tarsi and a portion of the metatarsi of the third and fourth, is a rather dense scopula, and a strong compact claw-tuft beneath the two terminal tarsal claws. On the outer side of the femora of the first pair are two large oblique patches of a darker hue than the rest, and the fine pubescence on the metatarsi of all the legs gives them a somewhat spotted appearance. The palpi are paler in colour than the legs, clothed with hairs, and moderate in length; the radial joint: is stronger than, and double the length of, the cubital, with a small pointed projection underneath close to its anterior extremity; on the upperside of the radial joint near the hinder extremity are three long tapering black bristles in a transverse line, one in a similar position on the cubital, and four near the anterior end of the humeral joint, with a single one behind them. The digital joint is of a narrow oval form, rather shorter than the radial. The palpal organs are confined to a circular space at the basal half of the joint, and are neither very highly developed nor conspicuous. The falces are powerful, straight, vertical, reddish-yellow-brown, clothed in front with coarse yellowish-grey and dark hairs, and the basal portion striped longitudinally with deeper red-brown ; perhaps the striped appearance is caused by the disposition of the hairs and pubescence ? The maville are strong, straight, about double as long as broad, broader at the extremities than at the base, rounded on their outer extremity, rather obliquely truncated on the inner extremity; yellow-brown, darker at the extremities, and clothed with prominent coarse hairs. The Zadiwm is about half the length of the maxille, longer than broad, truncate at the apex, the corners of which are, however, rounded off; its colour is dark yellow-brown, paler at the apex. The sternum is oval, clothed with coarse dark hairs of a dark yellow-brown colour, rather paler in the middle. The abdomen is oval, pale yellow-brown, clothed with pubescence and coarse bristly yellowish-grey hairs; along the middle of the whole length of the upperside is a broad dark brown slightly tapering band, rather dentated on the margins of the hinder part, and with a clear yellowish central stripe along the fore part for about a quarter of its length ; this stripe is obtusely pointed behind and has a subprominent obtuse point on each side near the middle. Nearly the whole of the underside is occupied by a broad, tapering, longitudinal dark black-brown band reaching from end to end. The spinners are short, compact, the four outer ones nearly equal in length. The female resembles the male pretty nearly in general colours and appearance, but the legs are much shorter and stronger ; the femora of all the legs are marked in front with oblique dark yellow-brown bars, giving them a somewhat annulose appearance, but there is no white mottling with pubescence on the metatarsi as in the male. The cephalothorax also is of a uniform yellow-brown hue, and the markings on the upperside of the abdomen are less distinct. The spinners pale yellow. Hab. Guatemata, Salinas de Nueve Cerros (Sarg). PRUSIAS, gen. nov. Nearly allied to Sparassus, Walck. Cephalothorax longer than broad, well rounded behind, and narrowing to the caput, with a strong lateral marginal indentation on each side at the junction of the caput and thoracic segments. The profile from the anterior row of eyes to the hinder slope forms an easy continuous curve. Clypeus almost obsolete. Eyes in two transverse, curved, nearly equal rows (the front row rather the longest), occupying almost the whole width of the caput, the convexity of the curves directed forwards, and that of the anterior row the strongest ; they are subequal in size, those of the fore central pair the largest. Legs long, slender, 2, 1, 4, 3, armed with very long slender spines and long bristly hairs on the tibie and 102 ARANEIDEA. metatarsi, with a thin scopula beneath the tarsi and the anterior half of the metatarsi, and a compact claw-tuft beneath the two terminal pectinated claws. Mawille of moderate length, rounded and broadest at their extremities, somewhat inclined towards each other over the labium, which is very short, transverse oblong, and a little narrower at the apex, the latter rounded. Sternum heart-shaped. Falces moderate in length and strength, a little divergent, prominent towards their base in front. Prusias nugalis, sp. n. Immature male, length 43 lines. The whole spider is of a yellow colour ; the cephalothorax perhaps rather darker than the rest, and clothed with pale hairs. The cephalothorax has a largish suffused blackish spot at the thoracic indentation, and the caput also has some slight dusky blackish markings. The eyes are on slight tubercles: the four centrals form a quadrangular figure, whose anterior side is the longest, and the other three sides equal. The fore central pair are separated from each other by slightly more than an eye’s diameter, and from the laterals by a very narrow interval, being almost contiguous ; they almost reach the anterior margin of the caput, leaving little or no clypeus. The legs and palpi are marked with small blackish spots and points, as also are the falces on their prominent portion. The abdomen is oval, yellow, thinly furnished with hairs. The upperside is marked with small black spots; a diffused, rather broad, somewhat reddish-brown band runs along each side of the median line, leaving a broad central longitudinal yellow band slightly spotted with black, the latter with a large, well-defined, angular prominent point on each side towards its fore extremity, thus forming a kind of cruciform marking ; the hinder part of this marking is formed by the coalition of the series of normal angular bars, diminishing in width as they run backwards. Spinners small and inconspicuous. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). RAMNHES, gen. nov. Nearly allied to Prusias. Cephalothorax a little broader than long; profile of caput slightly convexly curved from the anterior eyes to the thoracic junction ; lateral marginal indentations at the caput strong. Clypeus almost obsolete. Legs long, rather slender, 2, 1, 4, 3, furnished with long spines on the tibia and metatarsi, and a tolerably strong scopula beneath the metatarsi and tarsi, with a compact claw-tuft beneath the terminal pectinated tarsal claws. Falces moderately long, strong, straight, and a little prominent towards their base in front. Eyes occupying the whole width of the caput, in two transverse curved rows; the convexity of the curves directed forwards, and the anterior row slightly the longest and most curved. The four centrals form a quadrangular figure very slightly longer than broad. Mazxille short, broad, very nearly straight, broader at their extremities (where they are slightly rounded) than at their base. Labium very short, small, and almost semicircular in form. Sternum heart-shaped. Ramnes semotus, sp. n. Female (? adult), length 5 lines. The cephalothorax is pale orange-yellow, the caput marked above with distinct black lines and other less regular markings, the thorax with a few dusky black markings on the sides. The clypeus is almost obsolete, the middle anterior or fore central pair of eyes being close to the fore margin of the caput. The eyes are rather small and nearly equal in size, the fore centrals rather the largest ; those of the hinder row are separated by very nearly equal intervals, those of the fore central pair are rather further from each other than each is from the fore lateral eye on its side. RAMNES.—STROPHIUS. 103 The legs and palpi are similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and spotted and marked with blackish-brown spots and small strie. The falces are a little deeper in colour than the legs, and are marked along the front on the basal half with a dark slightly reddish-brown stripe. The maville, labiwm, and sternum are pale yellow, without any markings. The abdomen is of a short-oval form; its colour is yellow, spotted and marked with red-brown. On the anterior half of the upperside is a longitudinal central clear yellow band pointed behind, and margined with deep red-brown broken spots and markings; following this, towards the spinners, is a series of almost confluent yellowish transverse angular bars or chevrons, and from the spinners upwards to about halfway towards the point of the central yellow band is a deep red-brown irregular stripe. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). MISUMENA, Simon. Misumena particeps, sp. n. ‘Adult female, length 4 lines. Cephalothorax yellow, with a broad longitudinal dark red-brown stripe, somewhat indented on its margins, on each side. The fore part of the broad central band between the stripes is dusky, and behind this just in front of the thoracic indentation is a V-shaped white marking. The cephalothorax is furnished with prominent spine-like bristles issuing from minute tubercles. The height of the clypeus is slightly less than half that of the facial space. The eyes are very small, the fore laterals slightly the largest; the four centrals form a square. The eyes of the anterior row are equidistant from each other. The hind centrals are nearer together than each is to the hind lateral eye on its side. The lateral eyes are seated on strongish yellowish-white tubercles. The legs are moderately long and strong, 2, 1, 4, 3, yellow, a small portion of the base of the tibia and a larger portion at the extremity dark reddish-yellow. Beneath the tibix of the first and second pairs are five pairs of spines, and beneath the metatarsi are six pairs, in two longitudinal rows. The falces are moderate in length and strength, straight, subconical, of a yellowish-white colour, darker at the base in front. The maxille, labiwm, and sternum are yellow. The abdomen is somewhat pentagonal, much the broadest behind, of a whitish hue, thinly clothed with bristly hairs issuing from very minute tubercles. Along the middle of the upperside it is suffused with blackish- brown, having a central longitudinal white line, and some pale spots and points indicate the normal trans- verse angular bars or chevrons, diminishing in size towards the spinners. On the underside is a long sharp-pointed black marking running forwards from the spinners for about half its length, and on each side just above the spinners are several parallel dark lines near together, followed forwards by a long ill- defined curved blackish stripe. The genital aperture is very distinct and of characteristic form. Hab. GUATEMALA, Coban (Sarq). STROPHIUS, Keyserling. Strophius signatus, sp. n. Adult male, length 13 lines. Cephalothorax blackish-chestnut-brown, covered with small shining black tubercles. The height of the clypeus, which projects much forwards, is rather less than half that of the facial space. The eyes are in two transverse rows, occupying the whole width of the caput; the anterior row is straight, the posterior row slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards. The four central eyes form a large quadrangular figure broader than long ; and each fore central eye is much nearer to the fore lateral eye on its side than each is to the other, being separated from it by little, if anything, more than a diameter’s interval. The lateral eyes are seated on strongish tubercles, and are about equal in size, but larger than the rest, the fore centrals being rather the smallest. 104 ARANEIDEA. The legs are rather short, not very strong, 2, 1, 4, 3, of a dark reddish-brown colour, becoming a little paler towards the extremities. The femora of the first and second pairs are covered with minute granulosities or tubercles, with a few spines on the upperside ; the other joints appear to be furnished with hairs and slender bristles only. A conspicuous slender white line runs along the upperside of the genua, tibie, and metatarsi of the third and fourth pairs, and a less conspicuous one on those of the first and second. pairs, indeed on the latter it is scarcely traceable. The palpi are short, the radial and cubital joints very short, the former the shortest and granular. The radial joint has its extremity on the outer side produced into a tapering sharp-pointed apophysis, rather closely fitting up to the digital joint, and a strong prominent obtuse one at its extremity underneath. The digital joint is of tolerable size, broad-oval, pointed in front. The palpal organs are simple, and encircled by a black pointed spine. The falces are of moderate length, a little tapering, rather weak, and projecting forwards, similar in colour to the legs. The maaillw are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and nearly meet over the long, narrow, sharp-pointed, lanceolate labiwm, which with the sternum is of the same colour as the maxille. The abdomen is broad-oval, somewhat truncate behind, where it is strongly transversely rugulose, having almost a segmentate appearance ; it is of a deep black colour, its upper surface covered somewhat sym- metrically with roundish shining black tubercles, and in the central line, about two-thirds of the distance towards the spinners, is a conspicuous somewhat diamond-shaped bright reddish-orange spot, followed by and partially connected with a small one of the same hue; on the sides near the spinners are two or three small linear spots. The underside is dark black-brown, and the spinners are small and compact. Hab. GuatTeMata, Chamiquin (Sarg). STEPHANOPOIDES, Keyserling. Stephanopoides cognata, sp. n. Adult female, length slightly over 3 lines. Cephalothorax reddish-yellow-brown, covered with short whitish hairs, and with some faint darker markings along the middle, and a distinctly marked broad, deep red-brown band along each side. The height of the clypeus is distinctly less than half that of the facial space. The eyes are normal in general position and relative size ; those of the fore central pair are nearer together than each is to the fore lateral eye on its side. The legs are short, strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, furnished with white and other hairs, and strong spines on the tibie and metatarsi; of these spines four pairs are situated beneath the tibiz and three pairs beneath the metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs, in a regular longitudinal series ; there are also two pairs beneath the metatarsi of the third pair. The legs are of a yellow-brown hue, the anterior half of the tibiz and two broad rings on the metatarsi of the first and second pairs being deep reddish-brown. ‘The corresponding joints of the third and fourth pairs are somewhat similarly but less conspicuously marked. The palpi are brownish-yellow, the radial and digital joints red-brown. The falces are powerful, rather long, subconical, and prominent in front towards the base. Their colour is deep red-brown, covered with short whitish hairs like the cephalothorax. The mawille and labium are yellow-brown, the latter the darkest. The sternum is yellow, with a yellow-brown margin, marked with darker brown spots opposite the points of insertion of the legs. The abdomen is of a somewhat subpentagonal form, broadest behind, subangularly prominent on each side at its broadest part. It is of a dull yellow-brown hue—probably whitish-yellow in parts, when alive; on the upperside is a large diamond-shaped area of a darker hue beginning some little distance behind the anterior extremity and running to the spinners. This area has four black spots with yellowish marginal rings forming a quadrangle, broader than long, near the middle, the two anterior spots being the largest. There are also many yellowish spots of various sizes, some of the most conspicuous of which are symmetri- cally disposed between, and in front of, the quadrangle. Also from this diamond-shaped area two’ oblique STEPHANOPOIDES.—DELOZEUGMA. 105 yellowish stripes run downwards on each side. Between the genital aperture (which is of simple but characteristic form) and the spinners there is on the underside a broad brown longitudinal band, narrowest behind and margined with yellowish-white. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Boucard). This spider is nearly allied to S. brasiliana, Keys., and S. simonii, Keys., both from Para; but M. Simon has decided it to be distinct. PERISSOBLEMMA, Cambridge. Perissoblemma approximatum, sp. n. fmmature female, length slightly over 1 line. In general form and appearance this spider closely resembles P. thomisiforme, Cambr., from the Amazons (P. Z. S. 1881, p. 774, t. 66. fig. 6); it differs, however, in its colours and in the position of the lateral eyes of the anterior row and their relative size. The cephalothorax, falces, maxille, labium, and sternum are dark yellowish-brown. The legs are moderately long and strong, armed with spines beneath the tibiw and metatarsi, yellow, with a slightly olive-green tinge. They are nearly equal in length, those of the third pair a little the shortest. The abdomen is dull sooty-brown, paler underneath, and clothed with short hairs. The eyes of the fore-central pair are much larger than the laterals on each side of them, and these last, instead of being almost in the same curved line as the two on each side of the posterior row, are placed much more in front of them—the four anterior eyes forming, in fact, a straight line, whereas in P. thomisiforme the line is curved. The height of the clypeus rather exceeds the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes. Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion). DELOZEUGMA, gen. nov. (Drasside). Cephalothorax oval, rounded behind, moderately constricted laterally forwards, truncated in front ; moderately convex above, caput fairly rounded and scarcely higher than the thorax, a slight dip only, when looked at in profile, between the caput and thorax; thoracic indentation longitudinal, deep, but narrow; hinder slope gradual; clypeus low. The middle of the ocular area a little projecting forwards. Eyes, looked at from above and behind, in two transverse curved rows, the curves of which are directed away from each other. They are of moderate size, subequal; those of the fore-central pair are considerably the largest, and their visual axis is directed straight forwards. The four centrals form a square; those of each lateral pair are placed slightly obliquely on a very small tubercle, and the eyes: of each are nearly, but not quite, contiguous to each other. Legs rather long, moderately strong, armed with spines (at least those of the third and fourth pairs, for the others are absent, owing to damage before the specimen was received ; their relative length, therefore, cannot be ascertained). The tarsal claws appear to be two, with a small but compact thick claw-tuft and a thin scopula beneath the tarsi. Falces \ong, powerful, cylindrical, divergent, projecting forwards and rather downwards. Fang of great length and strength, as long as the falx; articulated horizontally, with a vertical movement, and, when at rest, lying straight backwards longitudinally along the middle of the underside of the falx, asin the Theraphosidee. Maville moderate in length and strength; rounded at the extremity on the outer, and obliquely truncated on the inner side, a little inclined towards the labium. Labium broader than long; scarcely half the length of the maxille, and somewhat roundly truncate at the apex, where it is not so broad as at the base, near which is a fine transverse suture. Sternum oval, hollow-truncate at its anterior extremity. (The abdomen is too much shrunken to give any certain idea of its form or of the spinners, which last appear to be short and compact, with immediately BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., September 1893. pt 106 ARANEIDEA. in front of them a rather conspicuous plate, whose posterior edge being free, probably covers the orifice of a spiracular organ.) The spider on which this genus is founded is remarkable on account of the mode of articulation and movement of the fangs of the falces. This has hitherto been consi- dered a primary differential character between the Theraphoside and all other spiders. We have here, therefore, a manifest transition from the Theraphoside to the Drasside, perhaps through the Dysderide. Delozeugma formidabile, sp. n. Adult male, length 5 lines; length of the cephalothorax very nearly 3 lines ; length of the falces slightly over 2 lines. The cephalothoraa is of a deep rich black-brown colour, tinged with reddish ; its surface is thickly covered. with minute granulations. The normal grooves and indentations are very slightly indicated. The eyes of the hind-central pair are further from each other than each is from the hind-lateral eye on its side, and the interval between those of the fore-central pair, which are the largest of the eight, is less than a diameter, these two eyes being seated on a prominence of the ocular space with a vertical position. The height of the clypeus (which is much impressed) is not much greater than the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes. The legs are yellow-brown (only those of the third and fourth pairs remain, and on these spines are present on the femora, tibie, and metatarsi). The palpi are moderately long, yellow-brown, the digital joint dark brown. The cubital joint is slightly clavate ; the radial joint is longer than the cubital, somewhat produced in front at the anterior extremity, and on the outer side is a moderately long apophysis of a somewhat flattened or flap-like form, truncated at its extremity ; beneath the humeral joint on its posterior half are five or six erect bristles in a longi- tudinal line, and three fine short spines on the fore part of the upperside. Falces long, prominent, subcylindrical, straight, with two long strong sharp teeth beneath rather towards the outer side ; the longest of these teeth is in the middle and directed obliquely forwards, the other is towards the base near the extremity of the maxilla, and vertical. The fangs are as long as the falces, and very slightly curved; beneath each a little way forwards from its insertion is a strong nearly vertical tooth. The fangs when at rest lie along the underside of the falces close up to the two long teeth above noted. The falces are similar to the cephalothorax in colour, and also in being covered along the upperside with minute granulations ; the sides being glossy and smooth. The maxilla, labium, and sternum are dark yellow-brown. The abdomen, which is much shrunken, appears to be oblong-oval in form, of a yellow-brown colour, palest along the upperside, and furnished with short hairs. Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Alfred Dugeés). The description is taken from a dry and much injured specimen kindly communicated to me by Prof. Alphonse Herrera, of the National Mexican Museum. MACROPHYES, gen. nov. (Drasside). Cephalothoraw short, oval, but longer than broad, somewhat flattened above, truncate before ; profile line level to the eyes, with the slightest possible impression at the junction of the caput and thorax. yes small, tolerably closely grouped, and not greatly different in relative size, except the fore-centrals, which are much the smallest, in two transverse rows, very slightly curved away from each other ; the anterior row shortest. Ocular area slightly prominent, and sloping a very little forwards, the clypeus low. Legs 1, 4, 2, 3, very long, slender, furnished thinly with fine hairs, and armed with long slender spines, those beneath the tibize of the first and second pairs arranged in a series of pairs. The tarsi end with two curved pectinated claws, beneath which is a small scopula. MACROPHYES.—HERSILIA. 107 Palpi long, slender ; armed like the legs. Falces long, divergent, and projecting. Mamtlle \ong, rather divergent, broad at the extremity, which is rounded on the outer, and cut away on the inner side. Labiwm about half the length of the maxilli, the lateral margins slightly curved; the apex truncated, but slightly depressed or hollow in the middle. Sternum oval. Abdomen very long, narrow, cylindrical but slightly tapering to the spinners, the superior pair of which are much longer than the inferior, and two-jointed. % This genus is nearly allied both to Cludiona and Chiracanthium. Macrophyes attenuata, sp. n. Adult male, length 4 lines ; length of cephalothorax 1 line, length of abdomen 3 lines. The cephalothorax, falces, and maxille are yellow, the legs, palpi, and sternum rather paler, and the abdomen is of a pale luteous-yellow. The radial joint of the palpus is slightly curved, very long, and”almost equal in length to the humeral joint, and has a small rather tapering blunt-pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side; the digital joint is also long and narrow, furnished with coarse hairs, and with a large lobe on the outer side. The palpal organs are well developed, prominent, not very complex, consisting of a large oval lobe, encircled with a long, slender, closely-fitting, sinuous spine ; a short sharp-pointed dark spine, and a bent, obtusely- pointed corneous process are near together at their extremity. The eyes are seated on black tubercles and are all of a pearly lustre, excepting the fore-central pair, which are dark, and much the smallest of the eight; the other six are nearly of uniform size, the fore-laterals being the most prominent ; the hind-centrals are oval and separated from each other by rather a wider interval than that between each and the hind-lateral eye next to it. The falces are furnished with numerous coarse bristly hairs on the inner side towards their extremity, some of them being of a spinous nature, strongly and regularly bent, and forming a longitudinal row on the upperside of the rest ; beneath these hairs is a row of five or six minute teeth ; and there is a single strong prominent sharp tooth on the underside near the articulation of the fang. The mazille are furnished with numerous prominent coarse hairs near their extremity on the inner side. Hab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (#7. H. Smith). HERSILIA, Savigny. Hersilia mexicana, sp. n. Adult female, length 34 lines ; adult male, length 23 lines. In general form and appearance this spider nearly resembles the type species (H. caudata ,Aud.: in Sav. ‘Egypte,’ t. 1. fig. 8). The cephalothorax of the female is of a dark yellowish-brown colour, with a lateral longitudinal band of whitish hairs on each side some little way above the margin, and a short longitudinal more or less distinct yellow line divides the upperside of the caput. The very small caput is prominent, or rather the normal indentations showing the junction with the thorax are large and deep. The clypeus projects considerably at its lower margin, and its height is more than half that of the facial space. The eyes are of moderate size, subequal, placed in two curved rows (whose convex sides are directed forwards) on the front or face of the caput, the lower row being much the most strongly curved. The four central eyes form a quadrangle whose opposite sides are equal, but its length is greater than its breadth, and the lower pair of eyes are a trifle larger than the others. The eyes of the posterior (or upper) row are equally divided from each other; and the lateral eye (on each side) of the anterior (or lower) row is halfway between the hind-lateral and fore-central eyes, though rather outside of their direct line, and appears to be the smallest of the eight. The legs are very long, slender, 1, 2, 4, 3, those of the third pair being very much the shortest. They are PH 2 108 | ARANEIDEA. pale yellow, broadly and distinctly banded with black-brown, furnished with fine hairs and a few short fine spines. The tarsal claws (3 in number) spring from a very small false terminal joint. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, but the dark annuli are smaller. The falces are moderately long, not very strong, straight, and a little inclined to the maxille. Their colour is similar to that of the cephalothorax. The maxille are short, rounded at the extremities, and much inclined over the labium, which has an impressed transverse line or groove across the middle, and its apex somewhat bluntly subangular. The colour of these parts is yellowish-brown. The sternum is heart-shaped, broadly and very hollow, truncated at its anterior extremity ; its colour is pale yellow. The abdomen is of a short, broad-oval form, widest behind, where it is well rounded; the upperside is mode- rately convex. It is of a dull luteous-brown ground-colour on the upperside and sides, considerably and closely marked with black, the principal pattern being a longitudinal central somewhat dentate stripe, with a bifid area on the fore half, followed to the spinners by a series of transverse, more or less perfect, angular bars. A broken transverse, yellow-white, rather irregular band crosses the abdomen a little in advance of the middle, and in front of this are two short longitudinal curved bars of the same colour, one on each side. The underside is pale dull whitish, with a bordering of white cretaceous spots. The spinners of the superior pair are as long as the abdomen, and taper to a point; their colour is yellowish, annulated with blackish-brown. The genital aperture is small but of characteristic form. The adult male resembles the female in general characters, colours, and markings, but the legs, palpi, and superior spinners are less distinctly annulated ; the latter being also somewhat longer in proportion. The palpi are rather long. The radial joint is nearly double the length of the cubital, a little incrassated towards its extremity, but with no projection or apophysis. The digital joint is as long as the radial, and drawn out into a finger-like point at its fore extremity, ending with several short curved spine-like bristles. The palpal organs are prominent, globular, rather simple, extending to only half the length of the digital joint. Hab. Mzxico, between Amula and Chilapa, at an elevation of 6000 feet (H. H. Smith). EURYOPIS, Menge. Euryopis lineatipes, sp. n. Adult female, length very nearly 2 lines. Cephalothorax dark brown. The profile forms a continuous and steep slope from the eyes to the posterior margin, which is considerably excavated ; the clypeus is impressed beneath the eyes, but prominent below, and its height considerably exceeds half that of the facial space; ocular area rather prominent. The eyes are moderately large, and not very greatly different in relative size. The four centrals form a large quadrangle whose anterior side is the longest and the posterior the shortest. The fore-central pair are largest, and are separated by an interval of a diameter and a half from each other, and from the laterals by less than half a diameter. Those of each lateral pair are very close together, but not quite contiguous. The hind-centrals are separated from each other by about a diameter, but by a diameter and a half from the laterals. The posterior row is very nearly straight, the anterior row strongly curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards. The legs are short, subequal, 4, 1, 2, 3; the femora, metatarsi, and tarsi pale yellow, the femora. conspicuously marked with short, black, transverse lines, markings, and spots; the metatarsi have a longitudinal black stripe along the side, with short transverse black marks on the outer side, on the third and fourth pairs the longitudinal stripe is on the posterior side, and the transverse marks on the inner side. The coxal, genual, and tibial joints are all dark yellowish-brown, irregularly suffused with blackish. All the legs are thickly furnished with coarse bristles, some, especially on the tibie, being almost spines; indeed, one or two on their uppersides are quite so. Palpi short, strong ; pale yellow, with transverse black lines and markings. Fulces moderately long, vertical, not very strong, yellow-brown, suffused with blackish on the anterior half. EURYOPIS.—EPISINUS. 109 Mawille rather strong, somewhat pointed, and almost meeting over the labiwm, which is of a quadrangular form, pointed at the apex. These parts are yellowish-brown, suffused with blackish. Sternum short, broad heart-shaped, indented in front, similar in colour to the labium. Abdomen rather large, heart-shaped (indented in front), or somewhat triangular with the anterior corners rounded off. It projects considerably over the base of the cephalothorax. The upperside is of a shining silvery-white, the fore margin and sides dull black; at the anterior part of the silvery upperside is a large subtriangular dull black marking, its apex sharp and directed backwards, its sides somewhat crenated, and its base (in front) much curved—this marking, in fact, is very nearly of a similar shape to that of the abdomen. The upperside and sides of the abdomen are furnished thinly with coarse prominent dark bristles. The underside is dull yellowish-brown, mottled with small silvery markings and black fine strie, except a large central portion, from the fore part to the spinners, which is black-brown, with a small silvery patch just behind the genital aperture, and two other larger ones, one on each side a little way from the spinners. The genital aperture is of a red-brown hue and nearly circular. The spinners are small, short, prominent ; they are of yellow-brown colour ; the inferior pair largest. Hab. Guatemata (Sarq). This exceedingly pretty spider is nearly allied to Huryopis funebris, Hentz, sub Theridion (also figured and described by Keyserling in ‘ Spinnen Amerikas: Theridiide,.’ ii. Halfte, zweiter Bd., p. 49, t. 12. fig. 161), and to HE. taczanowzkii, Keys. (op. cit. p. 47, t. 12. fig. 160); but may easily be distinguished by the different pattern on the abdomen, and the strikingly different markings on the legs. The genital aperture also is of a different form. EPISINUS, Walckenaer. Episinus cognatus, sp. n. Adult male, length 2 lines. The cephalothorax, legs, palpi, maxille, labium, and sternum are of a dull yellow hue. The cephalothorax is clothed thinly with coarse greyish hairs, and is deeply indented longitudinally at the thoracic junction. It is marked with a central longitudinal black line, bifid at its anterior extremity behind the eyes, and has also some broken blackish markings on the sides of the thorax. The ocular region is a little raised; and the clypeus is prominent, its height appearing to be about half that of the facial space. The eyes are of moderate size, and placed on tubercles in the normal position ; the interval between the hind- central pair is greater than that between each and the hind-lateral eye next to it. The legs are very long, 1, 4, 2, 3, slender; furnished pretty thickly with coarse hairs, and with a few bristle- like spines on their tibial and genual joints ; their colour is dull yellow, with the anterior portion of the tibiee slightly suffused with yellow-brown. The palpi are long, slender, and furnished with coarse bristly hairs; the humeral, cubital, and radial joints are somewhat clavate, or gradually incrassated at the fore extremities; the radial is a little shorter than the cubital joint, the former somewhat pointed at its fore extremity above. The digital joint is of a rather narrow or oblong-ova] form ; and the palpal organs are tolerably compact, but complex, with various spiny processes. The falces are moderately long, not very powerful, and project forwards. The mawille are of tolerable length, somewhat bent and inclined towards the labium, and slightly obliquely truncated at their extremity. The labiwm is short, less than half the length of the maxille, and truncated at its apex. The sternum is heart-shaped, dull yellowish slightly suffused with brown. The abdomen is oval, truncate before, slightly subangularly prominent on each side towards the hinder part ; and its posterior extremity is rather drawn out into a somewhat subcaudal form, showing plainly on the upperside by its transverse lines the pristine segmentation of that part. The abdomen is of a dull pale drab colour, marked on the upper part and sides (but not giving any very distinct: pattern) with black spots and small markings, and with also a few white obscure spots; on the upperside are a few coarse 110 ARANEIDEA. bristly hairs, and towards the hinder part two or three longer ones of a somewhat flattened or blade- shape. The spinners are short, compact, and placed at the extremity of the produced portion of the abdomen. Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith). This spider is nearly allied to Episinus longipes, Keys. (a Peruvian species), but differs in not having the legs distinctly annulated, as well as in the markings of the cephalo- thorax and abdomen. | ARGIOPE, Audouin ex Savigny. Argiope personata, sp. n. Adult female, length 123 lines. Cephalothorax of ordinary form ; colour dull reddish-yellow ; ocular area black, with a small central yellowish spot ; on either side is a broad, broken, blackish, longitudinal, lateral band, not quite reaching the ocular area; from the thoracic indentation a blackish line runs forwards and meets the anterior extremity of the lateral bands, and behind the thoracic indentation the slope is also blackish. The surface of the cephalo- thorax is covered with short grey hairs or pubescence. The eyes are small and in the usual position; those of each lateral pair are seated on a strongish tubercle, and the fore-central pair are also on a strong prominence ; the four central eyes form a trapezoid whose length is about one half greater than its breadth, and its posterior side rather shorter than its anterior side. The hind-central pair are the smallest of the eight; those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other and placed slightly obliquely. The legs are moderately long, strong, 1, 4, 2, 3, of a bright reddish-yellow, or orange, broadly and distinctly banded with black, and furnished with hairs and numerous short, black, not very strong spines. The yellow portions are clothed with grey pubescence. The palpi are similar in colour and armature to the legs. The falces are moderate in length and strength, their colour black, with patches of orange-yellow in front. The maaille are of normal form, yellowish,‘marked with black strongly but irregularly at the base and on the outer side. The labium is semicircular, black, with a reddish-yellow apex. Sternum oval, hollow-truncate in front, bright yellow, with a broad well-defined marginal black band. The abdomen is of rather oblong-oval form, squarely truncate in front and somewhat angularly prominent on each side, or corner, of the fore extremity; the posterior extremity is conically produced into a short caudiform elongation projecting well beyond the spinners. The upperside is of a pale yellowish-brown colour, darkest at the two extremities, strongly marked with transverse and oblique white bands and stripes ; these (probably) have a satiny or silvery hue in life. The three posterior bands are curviform and span the whole upperside; the next forwards is broken in the middle, and so also is the anterior one, which runs up in an angular point to the extremity of the lateral prominence on each side ; between the ends of these bands are shorter lateral ones. ‘The sides are yellowish, thickly streaked and marked with dark brown. The underside is black-brown, marked along the sides with cream-yellow somewhat con- nected patches ; some yellow spots, in pairs, occupy the median line from the genital process to the spinners, which are short, compact, and of a deep black-brown colour. The genital process, or epigyne, is long, black, rather narrow, and extends, almost in close contact with the abdominal surface, through the middle of a brightish yellow somewhat quadrate patch. Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (H. H. Smith). Mr. Smith notes that this spider “ makes a very large, strong, perpendicular, geome- trical web (often three feet in diameter), having four radiating, zigzag, opaque strips forming a St. Andrew’s Cross, and extending only one-third of the distance to the outer edge of the web.” EPEIRA. 111 EPEIRA, Walckenaer. Epeira nigropustulata, sp. n. Male (immature), length 23 lines. Cephalothorax oval, longer than broad, almost squarely truncated before ; lateral constrictions at the caput moderate ; height of the clypeus not much more than equal to the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes; colour brownish-yellow ; ocular area rather projecting. Eyes small and not greatly different in size; they are placed in the usual three groups: four form a small central quadrangle rather longer than broad; these are on the central prominence of the caput: those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other, placed on a slight tubercle, and removed from the central group by an interval equal to the length of the line formed by its posterior side. Legs rather short, moderately strong, relative length 1, 2, 4,3, furnished with hairs and a few very fine spines ; colour brownish-yellow, the tips of all the tarsi and of the tibia of the fourth pair of a darker yellow- brown. Palpi short, yellow; digital joint and palpal bulb (the organs not yet developed) almost globular, and of moderate size. Falces yellow, moderate in length and strength, prominent at their base in front. Mawille, labium, and sternum of normal form, and of a dull yellowish dusky-brown hue. Abdomen of a somewhat oblong-oval form; profile-line moderately curved; hinder slope abrupt, almost vertical, The upperside is black, with a longitudinal central white stripe, widening from the front to the middle, and contracting thence to the beginning of the hinder slope, with two or three angular promi- nences on each side; at the end of this stripe and in the same line with it are two round, rather conspi- cuous, raised, shining black bosses or pustules, near together, and on each side of these two (but not contiguous) is another similar boss, but of larger size. These four bosses are very characteristic, and each has a distinct white blotch at its hinder side; in front of each lateral boss is another conspicuous, white, elongate, transverse blotch; and along the lateral margins of the black of the upperside of the abdomen are three or four other less distinctly defined white spots or blotches merging in the rest of the white lower portion of the sides; underside dusky, with a longitudinal central white line. Spinners short, compact, and of a dull yellow colour. Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith). Epeira nigrohumeralis, sp. n. Adult female, length 2 lines. The cephalothorax is of normal form; the ocular region a little produced. It is of a yellow-brown colour, the sides of the caput blackish, and the whole thickly clothed with long, fine, pale grey hairs. The eyes are in the usual position and on slight tubercles ; the four centrals are subequal and form a square ; those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other and placed obliquely, being removed from the four central eyes by an interval about equal to the line formed by the anterior pair. The clypeus is very low and retreating. The legs are very short, 1, 2,4, 3, tolerably strong, fairly well armed with spines (some of which are long), and clothed with grey hairs. Their colour is yellow-brown; the femora and the anterior portion of the tibiz are more or less suffused with black. Palpi yellowish. Falces moderately long, rather strong, and similar to the cephalothorax in colour. Mazille normal in form, yellow-brown, palest at the extremity. Labiwm rather pointed at the apex, where it is of a paler brownish-yellow hue than the rest. ‘Sternum heart-shaped, yellow-brown, with one or two white markings of variable form. Abdomen large, short broad-oval in form, of a dull luteous colour, obscurely spotted or mottled with whitish ; a large oblique black patch, white-bordered on the inner side, occupies each side, or shoulder, of the abdomen forwards, and on the hinder part is a rather indistinct central longitudinal brownish band whose fore extremity forms an angular point; on either side of this band near the spinners are some short hori- zontal, parallel, linear, black spots or dashes. The underside of the abdomen has four white patches or 112 ARANEIDEA. irregular spots (of which the two posterior are the largest and best defined), forming a large square just behind the genital process, which is small but prominent and of characteristic shape. Hab. Mrxico, Venta de Zopilote, at an altitude of 2800 feet (H. H. Smith). This spider is of the E. sollers, Walck., group. Epeira minax, sp. n. Adult female, length 7-9 lines. This spider is of normal form, and is allied to LZ. purpurascens, Cambr. (anted, p. 33, Tab. VII. figg. 4, 5), but is larger and differs in colours and markings. The cephalothorax is of a bright reddish hue, a little suffused with brownish on the sides, and clothed pretty thickly with long, coarse, pale grey hairs. The eyes are small, subequal ; the four centrals are seated on a prominence and form a small quadrangle whose posterior side is the shortest and its anterior slightly the longest. The interval between those of the fore- central pair (which are the largest) is equal to rather more than two diameters ; that between those of the hind-central pair is less than two diameters. Those of each lateral pair are on a tubercle at a considerable distance from the four central eyes, very small, placed obliquely and contiguous to each other. The clypeus is very retreating ; its vertical height is less than half that of the facial space. The legs are long, strong, 1, 2, 4,3; the femora are of a dark black-brown colour; the genual and tibial joints are bright reddish, the latter deepening in hue at their anterior extremities, the metatarsi and tarsi being of a dull yellowish hue deepening to brown at the fore extremities. They are clothed pretty thickly with long pale grey hairs and armed with (mostly) pale spines. The maaille and labium are black-brown, tipped with whitish. The sternum is subtriangular, of a reddish hue, suffused in the middle with brown. The abdomen is large, oval (in the only examples seen this part has shrunk a good deal, but its general form appears to be that of the common European species, H. diademata, Clk.). It is of a black-brown hue, thinly covered with long, prominent, pale grey, bristly hairs. On its upperside is a large, central, some- what dagger-shaped, yellowish-white, longitudinal marking, pointed at each extremity but sharpest behind ; and on each side is a long, bold, longitudinal stripe of the same colour. In the middle of the underside is a large, black, shield-shaped area margined with dull orange-yellow. The genital process is of a boldly rugose form, and has connected with it a long, tapering, sharp-pointed strong epigyne, which, issuing from in front, bends backwards over the aperture and runs parallel with the under surface of the abdomen, reaching nearly, if not quite, to the spinners. Some considerable variety would probably be found in a series of this spider in respect to the markings on the abdomen: in one of the examples examined there is only a comparatively small, elongate, sharp-pointed, oval, longitudinal marking on the middle of the upperside, the lateral markings being represented by a few small spots. Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero 3500 feet (7. H. Smith). CYCLOSA, Menge. Cyclosa culta, sp. n. Adult male, rather more than 13 lines. The The cephalothorax is of normal form, the caput drawn out in front at the ocular region. Its colour is bright orange-yellow, with a blackish longitudinal line at the junction of the caput and thorax, whence some diverging dusky lines, marking the obsolete segments of the thorax, run towards the margins on each side. eyes are small, subequal, and placed in the usual four pairs at the extremity of the rather produced caput. The two central pairs form a quadrangle whose greatest breadth is rather less than its length and its posterior side the shortest. The eyes of the fore-central pair are separated by an interval of nearly two diameters from each other, and seated on strongish tubercles; those of the hind-central pair are less than a diameter apart, and with those of the two lateral pairs form an almost straight transverse line. Those of each lateral pair are nearly contiguous, and seated obliquely on a small tubercle. CYCLOSA.—CYRTARACHNE. 113 The legs are moderate in length and strength, 1, 4, 2,3; the coxal, exinguinal, femoral, and genual joints are similar to the cephalothorax in colour; the tibis, metatarsi, and tarsi blackish-brown, more or less faintly annulated with yellowish. They are furnished with hairs and a few spines, the strongest and most numerous of which are on the tibiz of the second pair. The falces are moderate in strength, inclined towards the maxillx and labium, and (with those parts) are of an orange-yellow hue. The sternum is heart-shaped, orange-yellow, suffused with blackish. The palpi are short, of a pale yellow colour ; the digital joints brownish-yellow. The cubital and radial joints are very short; the former has on its upperside a single, not very strong, curved, tapering bristle, and the latter is much dilated at its anterior extremity. The palpal bulb is rather large, and the palpal organs are complex, with strong spiny processes. The abdomen is oval, and almost as deep as it is broad, with the upper part of the hinder extremity somewhat bluntly or subangularly produced, though when looked at in profile the produced part projects very little beyond the spinners. It is of a dull yellowish colour, with a longitudinal laterally angulated band, defined by a dusky blackish marginal border along the upperside, and with obscure whitish spots in the angles of the band. The sides are marked with an irregular blackish patch and short linear spots. The spinners are surrounded by a blackish area whose margin is dentated, and from this a broad yellow-brown band runs forwards to the fore extremity, and has a black spot on each side towards the spinners. Hab. Mexico, Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas, near Omilteme, in Guerrero, at an altitude of 9500 feet (H. H. Smith). It is most probable that the intensity and distinctness of the colours and pattern of the abdomen would be found to vary considerably in a series of this species. CYRTARACHNE, Thorell. Cyrtarachne dugesi, sp. n. Adult female, length 7 lines ; length of cephalothorax 24 lines ; height of abdomen vertically from epigyne to highest point rather over 5 lines. Cephalothorax rather longer than broad; caput large, broad in front, strongly gibbous above near the occiput ; thoracic indentation large and deep. It is yellow-brown in colour, deep yellow-brown on the sides and at the thoracic indentation’; clothed with short grey hairs, some of which, whiter than the rest, form a marginal line, and other white lines connect the eye-prominences and mark the junction of the caput and thorax, as well as the occipital region. Eyes on three prominences, the central prominence of moderate strength, bearing the four central eyes, and a lateral prominence on each side, each bearing a lateral pair, and proportionally stronger than the central prominence. The eyes are small, and do not differ much in size. The four centrals form a small square whose anterior side is slightly shorter than the other sides. The lateral pairs are on the sides of the lateral prominences, and those of each lateral pair are very near but not quite contiguous to each other. The clypeus is very retreating, owing to the projection of the central eye-prominence, and its height is considerably less than half that of the facial space. Legs short, moderately strong, 1, 4, 2,3; 1 and 4 being very nearly equal in length. They are of a dull yellow colour, faintly annulated with yellow-brown ; clothed with short greyish hairs, and armed with short, not very strong spines, Palpi short, similar in colour and armature to the legs. The falces are powerful, moderately long, very convex or prominent in front, of a clearer yellow-brown colour than the cephalothorax, and furnished with short grey hairs. Mawille very short, rather broad, truncated at the extremity (which is whitish, the rest being yellow-brown), and inclined over the labium; this part is also very short. The apex is somewhat obtusely subangular. The colour of the labium is deep yellowish-brown. The sternum is heart-shaped, yellowish, with yellow-brown blotches opposite the insertion of the legs, and clothed with coarse grey hairs. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., September 1893. at 114 ARANEIDEA. The abdomen is very large, roughly globular, or very short convex-oblong. It projects almost completely over the cephalothorax, and is as high as it is long. Its upper surface is furnished with fourteen subconical prominences (not differing greatly in size), of which five on each side form a lateral rather curved row, meeting at the hinder part in another prominence which, being in the centre, is common to both rows ; the anterior prominence on each side is duplex or bifid ; between these bifid prominences is a central one well in advance of their straight line; and the fourteenth is near the hinder part, larger than the rest, and a little in front of the one common to the lateral rows. The abdomen is of a yellow-brown colour, marked with darker yellow-brown, forming a pattern which is also outlined by lines of short greyish- white hairs; this pattern consists chiefly of a broad, deeply dentated, longitudinal band on the upperside, the space included by it being probably in some examples darker than the rest. There are also a number of small, circular, deep reddish-brown spots or points scattered evenly over the surface; and the sides are marked with several indistinct oblique whitish stripes. The underside has an indistinct, longitudinal, yellow-brown band a little darker than the rest, with a narrow, transverse, yellow bar just in front of the spinners, looking like the edge of a spiracular orifice. The spinners are short, tolerably compact, and of a dark yellow-brown hue. The genital process is small, but of characteristic form, and has a small, pro- minent, curved or crochet-shaped, tapering epigyne issuing from it. Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Alfred Duges). TURCKHEIMIA, Cambridge. Turckheimia (?) armata, sp. n. Adult female, length 5 lines. Cephalothorax deep blackish-brown. Caput elevated, strongly tumid or gibbous on the sides of the upper part, the constriction at the junction with the thorax very strong. The upper part of the caput is furnished with a few grey hairs, and has its surface thickly covered with impressed dots or punctures. The margins of the thorax have some granulosities. The height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space. Eyes small, subequal. The four centrals form asmall quadrangle, nearly or quite square, on a small prominence in front of the caput, and the lateral pairs are on either side at the extreme width of the caput. Legs short, moderately strong, 4, 1, 2, 3, armed with neither very long nor strong spines, and clothed with short grey hairs ; their colour is deep black-brown, the tibia, metatarsi, and tarsi rather irregularly annu- lated with pale yellow. Falces strong, maxille and labium short, sternum short, heart-shaped. These parts are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, the maxille and labium narrowly tipped with pale whitish. The abdomen is large, its general form somewhat oblong. The fore extremity on the upperside is produced into two strong subconical eminences, one on each side in a transverse line; each of these is bifid at the extremity, being divided into two sharp-pointed spine-tipped finials. Two other somewhat similar single- pointed eminences are longitudinally placed on each side towards the hinder part, where there is a group of five similar eminences of different sizes, the three largest placed in a transverse line (the middle one less large than the others) and another is placed immediately in front of and behind these three—that in front of the three is the most regularly tapering, that behind them is the smallest; these five eminences (or at any rate the four posterior ones) have no terminating spiny point or finial, or if there be one it is very small and blunt, a mere corneous tip. The spinners are very short, compact, and placed about halfway between the thoracic pedicle and the extremity of the posterior prominences. The abdomen is black, covered with very short grey hairs and a few erect bristles, the various prominences and some other patches on the upperside being brown; the whole appears to be covered thickly with small black granulosities. The genital process is strong, prominent, directed backwards, and terminating with a small obtuse epigyne. Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero, at an elevation of 2800 feet (H. H. Smith). I include this spider somewhat doubtfully in the genus T'urckheimia, as it has spines on the legs, which are not present in the typical species. AZILIA.—KAIRA. 11d AZILIA, Keyserling. Azilia affinis, sp. n. Adult female, length 34 lines. Cephalothorax of normal form ; it is yellow in colour, with a broad well-defined longitudinal central dark brown band ending in a trifid form just behind the eyes, and with an angular prominent point on each side of the thoracic indentation. The oblique grooves denoting the junction of the caput and thorax are marked with a short curved dark brown streak, and on each side of the thorax is a broad band of the same hue, touching the margins at the fore part and at the caput. Eyes normal ; the interval between those of the hind-central pair is slightly greater than that between each and the hind-lateral eye next to it. Falces deep brown, tinged with reddish. Legs moderatcly long, tolerably strong, 1, 2, 4, 3, furnished with hairs and spines; colour yellow, distinctly annulated with deep blackish-brown; the spines spring from small spots of a similar hue, giving a distinctly speckled appearance to the legs. ' Palpi yellow, with blackish annuli. Masille and labium dark brown. Sternum dark brown, with a central longitudinal yellow streak. Abdomen blackish, with a longitudinal central pale dusky stripe on the fore half of the upperside, marked also with dusky and white spots, showing a pattern of broad blackish transverse bars and fine white transverse lines ; a not very distinct but diffused curved white bar encircles the fore margin and ends on each side with an enlarged white spot. The whole of the upperside is covered with short fine greyish hairs ; and thus the distinctive pattern is not easily observed. On the underside, between the genital aperture and the spinners, is a large, somewhat quadrate white patch. Spinners short, compact, yellow, with a broad blackish stripe on each. Genital aperture small, but characteristic in form. This spider is nearly allied to FEAGULIS Ose @ eI er as rer e.D8 : IDONEA. izi¢a,b 2 TETRAGNATHA TENTS: 4 4a-c@ po Me TA 8. 0°8,002 bEPI DA. 13,13a-d 5 Dye O..00 se DEBILIS. 2? Aor atinici< cal Taking fe vee ; Bl HOUIe oe] . Lith &Imp.Camb.Sci.Inst.Co. SOYIJEd |01}UOD 10/0D WVGOm 10. ll. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE IL. . Eugnatha gracilis, 8 : 1a, profile without legs or palpi; 16, eyes and falces from in front ; 1¢ and 1d, palpus in two positions. Eugnatha gracilis, 9 : 2a, profile without legs or palpi; 26, eyes and falces from in front. Tetragnatha tropica, 9 : 3a, profile without legs or palpi; 36, eyes and falces from in front. Tetragnatha longa, 3 : 4a, profile without legs or palpi; 46, eyes and falces from in front ; 4¢ and 4d, palpus in two positions. Tetragnatha longa, 3 : 5a, profile without legs or palpi; 56, eyes and falces from in front. . Tetragnatha guatemalensis, g : 6a, profile without legs or palpi; 646, falces and eyes from in front ; 6c and 6d, palpus in two positions. Tetragnatha guatemalensis, 2? : 7 a, profile without legs or palpi; 7 6, eyes and falces from in front. . Tetragnatha pallida, 3 : 84a, profile without legs or palpi ; 86, eyes and falces from in front ; 8c and 8d, palpus in two positions. Tetragnatha pallida, ° : 9a, profile without legs or palpi; 96, eyes and falces from in front. Tetragnatha cognata, $ : 10a, profile without legs or palpi; 104, eyes and falces from in front ; 10c and 10d, palpus in two positions. Tetragnatha cognata, ¢ : 11a, profile without legs or palpi; 11 4, eyes and falces from in front. 2 ee ee ee ae : Biot DEM T- Q/ , 1, baa RUGNAI OS GRAciats. oat © i. ae 2 : 6,6ad 4 wee. tl AGN TA TROPA ia be 4 4a-dd E LONGA . J) A.T.Hollick.del. TETRAGNATHA LONGA . 22 GUATEMALENSIS. 22 SL CIE | ee 6,6a-d,¢ » » l2,l2a-c.9 EPREIRA RUFIPES. 18,18 a-c,? ° FRAGILIS: A T.Hollick.del. Lith &lmp.Camb.Sci.Inst.Co. S9yd}eq [01]U0D 10109 YVGO™ ARACHNIDA.—_ARANEIDEA. PLATE V. . Epeira helvola, 3 : 1a, spider in profile; 16 and 1c, palpus in two positions. . Epeira helvola, 2 : 24, genital process from in front; 20, ditto in profile. . Epeira gregalis, 9 : 3a, spider in profile ; 3 6, genital process from in front; 3c, ditto in profile. . Epeira passiva, 2 : 4a, spider in profile; 46, genital process from in front; 4c, ditto in profile. . Epeira rigida, 2 : 5a, spider in profile; 5, genital process from in front; 5, ditto in profile. . Epeira hoxea, 2 : 6a, spider in profile; 66, genital process from in front ; 6 ¢, ditto in profile. . Epeira gravabilis, 2 : 7 a, spider in profile ; 7 6, genital process from in front; 7c, ditto in profile. . Epeira hypocrita, : 8a, spider in profile; 84 and 8c, palpus in two positions ; 8 d, one of second pair of legs enlarged. . Epeira spinigera, 8. . Epeira spinigera, 2: 10a, spider in profile; 106, genital process from in front; 10 c, ditto in profile. . Epeira intercisa, 3 : 11a and 11 4, palpus in two positions. . Epeira championi, 3 : 12a and 124, palpus in two positions. . Epeira championi, 9 : 134, spider in profile ; 13, genital process from in front; 13c, ditto in profile. ee een ae J poe 3 Bop ty SS SAA SS ae eS a3 aes INN... SS SRS Be os Liete BPEIR A He VOGA. nee acre: e = we ere = iB GREGALIS. 4 4a-c,9 = PASSIVA. A Hollick del. \ Nad fe / NAV UPL fy NW 7 76 D, Da-CF 6, Ba-c& 7 Oe 8, 8a-d6 9 6. ne RIGIDA. HOA A. GRAVABILIS. Hiro TA. SPINIGERA. 10,10 a-c,? to ae Ta, 12355 6 To bse HPHIRA. SPO Gis. 0» INTERCISA. 09 CHAMPIONI. Lith &Imp.Camb.Sci.Inst.Co. : & ~ : = ‘ Fig. 1. 17. 18. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE VI. Epeira mobilis, 2? : 1a, spider in profile, without legs or palpi; 14, genital process from in front; 1c, ditto in profile. Epeira tauricornis, 8 : 2a, spider in profile ; 24 and 2c, palpus in two positions. Epeira tauricornis, 9 : 3a, spider in profile; 3, genital process from in front; 3c, ditto in profile. . Epeira spicata, 3: 4a, spider in profile. Epeira sargi, 9: 5a, spider in profile; 5, genital process from in front; 5c, ditto in profile. . Cyclosa index, 2 : 6 a, spider in profile; 6 4, genital process from in front ; 6c, ditto in profile. Epeira detrimentosa, 3 : 7a and 7 4, palpus in two positions. Epeira detrimentosa, 2: 8a, abdomen of var.; 84, profile of spider (fig. 8) without legs; 8c, genital process from in front; 8 d, ditto in profile. Epeira fecunda, $ : 9a, spider in profile; 94 and 9 c, palpus in two positions. . Epeira fecunda, ?: 10a, genital process from in front. . Epeira expleta, 9 : lla, spider in profile; 110, genital process from in front; lle, ditto in profile. . Epeira bimaculata, g : 12a, spider in profile; 125 and 12c, palpus in two positions. . Epeira bimaculata, 2? : 18a, spider in profile; 130, genital process from in front; 13 ¢, ditto in profile. . Epeira variolata, 2: 14a, spider in profile; 144, genital process from in front. . Epeira bivariolata, 2: 15 a,spider in profile; 15 4, genital process from in front; 15c, ditto in profile. . Epeira illicita, 2: 16a, spider in profile; 160, genital process from in front; 16, ditto in profile. Epeira ocellata, 9: 17 a, spider in profile. Epeira rufa, 9: 18a, spider in profile; 18 5, genital process from in front ; 18 c, ditto in profile. Nrachnida Terancdea Gab 6 7, 7ab,6 EPEIRA DETRIMENTOSA. 13,18a-c9 EPEIRA BIMACULATA. - TAURICORMES. 8. 8a-49 14, 144,62 : VARIOLATA. @ Sa-03 FECUNDA. 5 1580,8 oe » BIVARIOLATA. , SPICATA, 10104, ° : ; ire oo Tae Sei io ee 11,11 a-0,? : EXPLETA. Ve 8, OCLs 6, 6-4? CYCLOSA INDEX. 1210 2-88 ; BIMCULATA.; thane. Bue AT. Hollick. del. Lith &Imp. Camb. Sci. Inst.Co. + ’ ~ . 4 Fig. wore o> OU “I ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE VII. . Epeira nephiloides, 3 (var.) : 14, underside of abdomen. . Epeira nephiloides, 2 : 2a, spider in profile ;,2 4, genital process from above; 2c, ditto in profile. . Epeira aculifera, 2 : 3a, spider in profile; 3, genital process from above; 3c, ditto in profile. . Epeira purpurascens, 8: 4a and 46, palpus in two positions. . Epeira purpurascens, 2: 5a, spider in profile; 5, underside of abdomen, showing genital process; 5c, genital process in profile. . Epeira septem-mammata, 2: 6a, spider in profile; 64, genital process from above ; 6 c, ditto in profile. . Epeiru guatemalensis, 9: 7 a, spider in profile; 7 5, genital process from above ; 7 ¢, ditto in profile. Epeira guatemalensis, : 8a, spider in profile; 86 and 8c, palpus in two positions. Epeira tetragnathoides, 8: 9a and 9 4, palpus in two positions. . Epeira tetragnathoides, 2: 10a, spider in profile; 106, genital process from in front. . Epeira clavispina, 2: 11a, spider in profile; 114, genital process from above; 11, ditto in profile; 11d, portion of a leg, showing the form of spines. . Epeira cylindrica, 8 : 124, spider in profile; 126 and 12c, palpus in two positions. . Epeira cylindrica, 2 : 13a, genital process from above; 13 4, ditto in profile. . Epeira lacerta, 3: 14a, spider in profile; 14.5 and 14 c, palpus in two positions. ' . Epeira solersioides, §: 15 a,spider in profile; 15 6 and 15, palpus in two positions. . Epeira graphica, 8: 16a, spider in profile; 164 and 16, palpus in two positions. . Epeira lineatipes, 8: 17, spider in profile; 17 and 17 c, palpus in two positions. . Epeira lineatipes, 2 : 18a, gemtal process from in front; 18 4, ditto in profile. iol, Contr ttm. trachnide raneidea Lak 1,1a 9 EPEIRA NEPHILOIDES.%az 7, %a-c2 EPEIRA GUATEMALENSIS. 1313a,0° EPBIRA CYLINDRICA. Kea ,, » Basten e. |, i 14idecd , AC cee, ADULIFEBA. 4 9abS6 ., TETRAGNATHOIDES1515a-cé ,, SOLERSIOIDES. 44206 ,, PURPURASCENS. 1010%b9 ; (Gi6ecd - |, ~GRAPHICA. Pee os : lta ts CAV REINA. 1v1vacé ,, LINEATIPES. 6.6a-c° ., SEPTEM-MAMMATA 1212a-c8 ,, CYLINDRICA. ee oe 29 AT. Hollick.del. hith &lmp.Camb.Sci. Inst Co “I 13. 14. 18. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE VIII. Epeira tauricornis, 8, var.: 1a, profile without legs. . Epeira tauricornis, 2, var.: 2a, profile without legs; 20, genital process from above and behind ; 2, ditto in profile. Epeira habilis, ? : 3a,abdomen of var. ; 3 4, spider in profile without legs; 3c, genital process from above and behind; 3d, ditto in profile. Epeira latebricola, 2: 4a, profile without legs; 46, genital process from above and behind; 4c, ditto in profile. Epeiroides fasciolata, 8: 5a, profile without legs; 56 and 5c, palpus in two posi- tions; 5d, eyes from in front; 5e, maxilla, labium, and sternum. Turckheimia walckenaerii, 2 : 6a, profile without legs; 64, genital process from above and behind ; 6 ¢, ditto in profile. . Cyclosa fissicauda, 9: 7a, profile without legs; 76, genital process from above and behind ; 7 c, ditto in profile. Acrosoma calcaratum, 3: 8a, profile without legs; 86, eyes from in front; 8c and 8d, palpus in two positions; 8e, leg of first pair, showing serrations on one side. Acrosoma longicauda, $: 9a, profile without legs; 9, eyes from in front; 9c and 9 d, palpus in two positions. Acrosoma brevipes, §: 10a, profile without legs ; 10 0, eyes from in front ; 10 c and 10d, palpus in two positions. . Acrosoma furcula, 2 : lla, profile without legs ; 114, genital process from above and behind ; 11 c¢, ditto in profile; 11 d, eyes from in front.’ . Acrosoma 12-spinosum, 2? : 12a, profile without legs ; 12 5, posterior extremity of abdo- men, enlarged ; 12c, eyesfrom in front ; 12d, genital process from above and behind ; 12 e, ditto in profile. Acrosoma fericulum, ? : 18 a, profile without legs ; 13 6, eyes from in front ; 13 ¢, genital process from above and behind; 13 d, ditto in profile. Acrosoma vitiosum, g: 14a, profile without legs; 145, eyes from in front; 14¢ and 14 d, palpus in two positions ; 14, leg of first pair, enlarged, showing spines on femur ; 14f, leg of second pair, enlarged, showing tumid tibia and spines. . Acrosoma parallelum, 8: 15a, profile without legs; 15 d, eyes from in front; 15 ¢ and 15 d, palpus in two positions. Olios manifestus, 8: 16a, 166, 16c, and 16d, palpus in various positions. . Sadala simonii, 2: 17, profile without legs; 17 6, underside of cephalothorax, showing © maxille, labium, sternum, and falces; 17 ¢c, eyes and falces from in front; 174d, genital aperture from above and behind. Olios manifestus, ? : 18 a, profile without legs; 18 6, underside of cephalothorax, showing maxille, labium, sternum, and falces; 18 c, eyes and falces from in front; 18 d, eyes from in front, in slightly different position and more enlarged ; 18 e, genital aperture from above and behind. ial Centr otf, tract mide open Cee Fo oi \ Vy Ml AN \ PTV 5 BAM. ai ps I8e Nat. Size Ss uf ' oe i ae i? h a 18 lla ¢ EPRIRA TAURICORNIS, Zur 7, 7a-c@ OYCLOSA FISSICAUDA. 13]3a-d2 ACROSOMA FERICULUM. 2,aa-c ¢ “ i » 8,8a-e 6 ACROSOMA CALCARATUM. 1414a-f 6 : VITIOSUM. 3, 3a-d@ és HABILIS. 9, 9a-dd . GONGIGAUDA. “1535 a-d4 + PARALL ELUM. 4, 4a-c@ - LATEBRICOLA. 1010 a-d 4 »» BREVIPES . 1616 a-dé OLIOS MANIFESTUS. o,0a-e 6 EPHIROIDES FASCIOLATA. Litt ard 2 . FURCULA. I717a-d? SADALA SIMONI. 6,6a-c@ TURCKHEIMIA WALCKENAERII. 1212a-e 2 . la-SPINOSUM. 1818a-e 9 OLIOS MANIFESTUS. AT. Hollick, del. Lith.&Imp.C amb.Sc1.Inst.Co. S9YI}Ed [O1}UOD 10]/0D HVGOMm Fig. 1. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE IX. Olios erroneus, 2 : 14, spider in profile; 16, eyes and falces from in front; le, maxille, labium, and sternum ; 1 d, eyes from in front, looking a little more down- wards ; le, genital aperture. Olios exasperans, 2: 2a, genital aperture; 2, eyes and portion of falces from in front. Olios sagus, 2: 3a, maxille, labium, and sternum; 3 4, eyes and portion of falces from in front; 3c, genital aperture. . Runcinia vigilans, 8: 4a, 46, palpus in two positions. Runcinia vigilans, 2: 5a, spider in profile; 56, eyes from in front; 5c, genital aperture. . Runcinia signata, 2? : 6a, spider in profile; 66, maxille, labium, and sternum; 6, eyes and portion of falces from in front ; 6d, genital aperture. . Synema bimaculata, 2: 7 a, spider in profile ; 7 4, abdomen of a variety ; 7 c, eyes and portion of falces from in front ; 7 d, genital aperture. . Synema bimaculata, 3: 8a, 8 4, palpus in two positions. . Vindullus similis, 2: 9a, spider in profile ; 9 6, eyes and portion of falces from in front ; 9c, maxille, labium, and sternum; 9 d, genital aperture. . Sadala fugiens, 3: 10a, eyes and portion of falces from in front ; 10 4, tarsus and meta- tarsus of an anterior leg; 10 c, 10d, palpus in two positions. . Xysticus adustus, 2: 1la, genital aperture. . Xysticus advectus, 9: 12a, genital aperture. . Runcinia lutea, 2: 184, spider in profile; 13 6, genital aperture. . Runcinia annulipes, 8: 144, spider in profile; 144, 14 c, palpus in two positions. . Tibellus punctipes, 9: 15a, spider in profile; 15 5, eyes and portion of falces from in front; 15 c, genital aperture. . Runcinia rugosa, ¢: 16a, abdomen from behind ; 164, genital aperture. iE DOO & I 2000 \ u wg) l,ia-e,2 OLIOS ERRONEUS. 2. om, 08 EXASPERANS. of are? SAGUS. 4,4a,b,6 RUNCINIA VIGILANS. J, Oe-6, 2 e 3 AT Hollick del . 10,10 a-d4 toh 8; 2 RUNCINIA SIGNATA. SYN MA BIMACULATA. VINDULLUS SIMILIS. SADALA FUGIENS. XYSTICUS ADUSTUS. oa, tate &, BS 14,14 a-c,3 1 beRae 16,16 a,b, ¢ pees Bos AYSTICUS ADVECTUS. RUNCINIA LUTEA. . ANNULIPES. TIBELLUS PUNCTIPES. RUNCINIA RUGOSA. Cambridge Engraving Company. Fig. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE X. . Runcinia blanda, 8: 1 a, profile without legs or palpi; 14,1, palpus in two positions. Runcinia blanda, 9: 2a, genital aperture. . Runcinia tibialis, 8: 3a, profile without legs or palpi; 3,3, palpus in two positions. . Runcinia depressa, 3: 4a, profile without legs or palpi; 4.4, 4c, palpus in two positions. . Runcinia depressa, 3: 5a, genital aperture. . Runcinia propinqua, 9: 64a, profile without legs or palpi; 64, genital aperture. . Runcinia sagittata, 2: 7 a, profile without legs or palpi; 7, genital aperture. . Synema palliata, 2: 8a, eyes and falces from in front; 84, genital aperture. . Synema puta, 2: 9a, eyes and falces from in front; 9 6, genital aperture. . Synema maculosa, § (immature): 104, profile without legs or palpi. . Synema cirripes, §: 11a, profile without legs; 116, eyes and falces from in front; llc, 11d, palpus in two positions. . Synema affinitata, $: 12a, outline of abdomen from behind, showing its carapace-like cuticle ; 12 6, eyes and falces from in front; 12, 12d, palpus in two positions. . Synema affinitata, 2 : 13 a, eyes and falces from in front; 13 4, genital aperture. Go. fee Z en) Hhiiok Contr COTM. ottrach nid ee Lb IO c(t) (4 1!) ee Reteets a NO Z, NAN ae is Lela-c 6: RUNCINIA®’ BANDA. 3,053.9 RUNGOA DEPRE SSA. 10, 10a. 6 SYNAMA MACUL Gee ee ores : Fi Oba, 6:9 PROPINQUA. ll, lla-ddé x CIR RIPE 3: ood G6 e TIBIALIS. bre, B.S e SAGITTATA. la, lea-d6 2 BP PLN EA se. nea ‘ CU PR ook. O.ga0? SYNAMA = PATLIATA. Ley trey 0 :, Oa, oY PUTA. AT.Hollick.del . : Cambridge Engraving ¢ mpany, Fig. 1. Hi. 12. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XI. Synema adjuncta, 2: 1a, eyes and falces from in front; 1 5, genital aperture. . Synema maculosa, 3: 2a, profile without legs; 2 6, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, outline of abdomen from behind; 2d, 2e, palpus in two positions.—N.B. In the specimen from which this figure was drawn the legs of the second pair were broken off, the outlines are therefore only conjectural. . Synema profuga, 2: 3a, eyes and falces from in front; 36, genital aperture. Synema socia, §: 4a, profile without legs; 46, eyes and falces from in front; 4c, 4d, palpus in two positions. Diea puta, 2: 5a, profile without legs ; 5 4, eyes and falces from in front; 5 ¢, genital aperture. . Misumena pascalis, 9: 6a, profile without legs; 60, eyes and falces from in front ; 6 ¢, genital aperture. . Misumena conjuncta, 2: 7a, profile without legs; 7d, eyes and falces from in front ; 7c, genital aperture. . Eurypelma mesomelas, 8 (natural size): 8a, profile without legs (reduced); 84, eyes from in front; 8c, 8d, palpus in two positions. . Strophius hirsutus, 2: 9a, profile without legs; 90, eyes and falces from in front; 9¢, genital aperture. . Misumena pallida, 3: 104, profile without legs ; 10 4, eyes and falces from in front; 10 c, genital aperture. Bucranium spinigerum, @: 11 a, profile without legs; 11 4, eyes and falces from in front ; 1l1c, underside of cephalothorax with legs and palpi truncated; 114, genital aperture. Thanatus punctiger, 9: 12a, profile without legs; 12 8, eyes and falces from in front ; 12, genital aperture. Lira ee Bend ovbmn, 10a cil oe ey Mlb Ic Lab? SONA Ae Dac? BIAA PUPA. 2, GeO? -SITROPHIUS .HiesiTie 2, 28-86 - MAGUIOUSR <6, 65-02 MISUMENA “PASCAILAS Oar MI SUN A. PAT IDA oe ae Peay ae. 7, 7/aC® is CONT UN'G Pa: Lied? BUCRANIUM. -SPINIGH RIUM. 4, 4a-dd SOCLA. 6, Sa-ed. BURYPE LMA MESOMERAS. igige-ts THANATUS d? CAREPALXIS ROTUNDA. 9,9ad? ARISTON ALBICANS. : 10,10a-¢'5 SPHEMOPHORA PLACHNG. ° HYPOGNATHA NASUTA. 8,8ae 6 MODISIMUS PROPINQUUS. Edwin Wilson.Cambridge. Sayd}ed |01]U0D 1010 YVGOm ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. af 3 _ PLATE XXVIIL . ” a: .: Fig. 1. Delozeugma mordicans, 8: 1a,-profile; 14, eyes from above and behind; 1c, eyes and falces from in front; 1 d, falx and fang from beneath; le, ditto, in profile ;' 1 f and lg, palpus in different positions. 4. 2. Meta superans, 3: 2a, profile; 24, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, 2d, and 2e, palpus in different positions. 3. Labdacus prolatus, 8: 8a, profile ; 34, eyes from above and behind ; 3c, eyes and falces from in front; 3d, 3e, 3f, palpus in different positions. 4. Argyroepeira debilis, 8: 4a, profile; 4.4, eyes from above and behind; 4c, eyes and falces “from in front ; 4d and 4¢, palpus in different positions. 5. Argyroepeira debilis, 3: 5 a, profile; 5, eyes from above and behind ; 5 c, eyes and falces from in front; 5d, genital aperture. 6. Liger incomta, 6: 6a, profile; 64, eyes from in front and behind; 6c, eyes and falces from in front; 6d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 6 e and 6 f, palpus in different positions. 7. Agriognatha bella, 3: 7a, profile; 75, eyes from above and behind; 7 c, eyes and falces from in front; 7d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 7e and 7/, palpus in different positions. 8. Filistata insignis, 9: 8a, profile; 86, eyes from above and behind. otlrachinlli tra nedidat. Gil 2B PE Ars wat, Sey peep aa ae aa ee Zn a-g 6 DELOZEUGMA MORDICANS. 4,4ae¢ ARGYROBPHIRA DEBILIS. 6 6af 6 LIGER INCOMTA. eo MerA SUPRAANS. 2 oad 2 - wo. (let © BORON ATA Shs 3,oat ¢@ LABDACUS FRODAI US. | 8,8a.b FILISTATA INSIGNIS. AT Hollick del. ’ Edwin Wilson,Cambridge . S9YIJEd [01}U0D 10/0D NVGO™ Fig. 1. Or ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXIX. Decetia incisa, 9: 1a, profile; 14, cephalothorax and eyes from in front; 1 c¢, underside of abdomen, and genital aperture. . Argyroepeira aurostriata, §: 2a, profile; 26, cephalothorax and eyes from in front; 2c and 2d, palpus in two positions. . Argyroepeira aurostriata, 2: 34a, profile; 3, cephalothorax and eyes from in front; 3c, genital aperture from above; 3d, ditto, in profile. Aysha simplex, 3: 4a, profile; 45, cephalothorax and eyes from in front ; 4c, underside of abdomen, showing short transverse slit in front; 4d, 4e, and 4 f, palpus in different positions. . Aysha simplex, 9: 5 a, genital aperture. Tenedos lautus, §: 6a, profile; 66, cephalothorax and eyes from in front; 6c, maxille, labium, and sternum; 6 d and 6e, palpus in two positions. Chiracanthium debile, 9: 7a, profile; 75, cephalothorax and eyes from in front and above; 7 ¢, genital aperture. . Chiracanthium ferum, 3: 8a, profile; 86, cephalothorax and eyes from above and in front ; 8c, 8d, and 8 e, palpus in different positions. . Philodromus albicans, 9: 9a, profile; 9 5, cephalothorax and eyes from in front; 9c, genital aperture. C/) ay ( pe vi ey: {7} EEO es pt Ae oe I oe eC” LOL a CTW i are? /) ; j G54 eas Bei ihe ee ? ee oy <7. Mee Ta ear ayy fa POISVILYV ra TI INWI MCAS 27 rs Vf Cae Use TUM LUTON, CLOW k Ss Vege YAN Ay Wha Wy, Uy i; Wy, [Lehi \ Gy TNA f py NWN \\})! \ ) /f Wy \\\Y WY | / |) Wi oa tec S DNC le INS. 4 4af é AYSHA SIMPLEX. 7, "ta-c 2 CHIRACANTHIUM DEBILE. card 6 ARGYROEPEIRA AUROSTRIATA. owt > »? ®) da ae : a ee PERUM. 3 Sad 9 se 6 TENEDOS LAUTUS. 9,9ec9 PHILODROMUS ALBICANS. ATHollick del. Edwin Wilson. Cambridg é. S9YIJEd [01}UOD 10]/0D WVaO»w ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXX. Fig. 1. Triclaria connexa, 8: 1a, profile; 16, cephalothorax, eyes, and falces from in front ; le, 1d, 1 e, palpus in three positions. 2. Enna velox, 3: 2a, profile; 2.6, cephalothorax, eyes, and falces from in front; 2¢, 24d, palpus in two positions. 3. Enna velox, 2 : 3a, profile; 3, genital aperture. 4. Hubba insignis, 8 : 4a, profile; 46, maxilla, labium, and sternum; 4c, eyes and falces from in front; 4d, 4e, palpus in two positions. 5. Bion brevis, 8: 5a, profile; 55*, eyes and falces from in front; 5¢,5d,5e, palpus in three positions ; 5 f, eyes from above and behind; 5g, maxille, labium, and sternum. 6. Elaver tigrina, 8 : 6a, profile; 66, eyes and falces from in front; 6c, maxille, labium, and sternum; 6d, eyes from above and behind; 6e, 6 f, 6 gy, palpus in three positions. 7. Elaver tigrina, ¢ : genital aperture. 8. Ariadne comata, ? : 8a, eyes from behind and above; 84, eyes aud falces from in front ; 8 c, genital aperture. 9. Ariadne pilifera, ¢ : 9 a, eyes from above and behind ; 9 4, eyes and falces from in front ; . 9c, genital aperture. 10. Elaver depuncta, 2 : 10a, profile; 10, eyes and falces from in front; 10c¢, eyes and falces from above and behind; 10d, genital aperture. ll. Elaver sericea, 2 : 11a, profile; 11 4, eyes and falces from in front; 11 ¢, eyes from above and behind ; 1] d, genital aperture in profile; 11 e, genital aperture from in front. * In this figure (5 5) the engraver has made the hind-central pair of eyes rather too wide apart: vide fig. 5 f. ise oe ee CZ me peo =e Sane ee Zi d, av ] biol (QE WMT eC CID. ' He, ee Ty as ue sf ee eget CY may GAS APLCIUMM COVWMNALLL CHT a \ \( wi yy A i) Bae Smee Yo | | a ieee o TRIGLARIA CONNT AA. a,c0e0 OC AON A ori ean os : 4,4a-e 0 HUBBA INSIGNIS. Jord Oo BION BRE Vis. 0a-¢? ARIADNE COMATA 8 ,6a-go ELAVER TIGRINA. 9,9ac® %9 PILIRERA, 0 1 = © ON . » » j0a-d? HLAVER DEPUNCTA. jt a-e @ >» SERICEA. 1 I 1 : J rn ies AT Hollick del Edwin Wilson. Cambridae. SOYIJEd [01JUOD 10]/0D HVGOm a Ie oe O9 “I Il. 12. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXI. . Prusias nugalis, 9 : 1 a, genital aperture. Epeira merens, 9: 2a, profile; 26, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, fore part of caput and eyes from above and behind; 2d, maxille, labium, and sternum ; 2 e, genital process from beneath ; 2/f, ditto, from in front and above ; 2 g, ditto, in profile. . Cyclosa furcata, 3 : 3a, profile; 36, eyes and falces from in front; 3c, caput and eyes from above and behind; 3d, genital process in front; 3 e, ditto, in profile. Elaver placida, ? : 4a, profile; 46, fore part of caput from above and behind; 4:c, eyes aud falces from in front; 4d, genital aperture. . Bassania emula, 2 : 5a, profile; 5 6, eyes and falces from in front; 5c, 5d, eyes from above and behind ; 5e, maxille, labium, and sternum; 5/, genital aperture. Amamra turrigera, 2? : 6a, abdomen from behind; 64, profile; 6c, eyes and falces from in front ; 6d, eyes from above and behind. . Metagonia caudata, 3: 7 a, profile; 7 6, eyes and falces from in front ; 7 c, caput and eyes from above and behind ; 7 d, 7 e, palpal organs in two positions. . Cyclosa clara, 2: 8a, profile; 86, eyes and falces from in front; 8¢, caput and eyes from above and behind; 8d, sternum; 8 e, genital process. . Coryssocnemis simoni, 2: 9 a, profile; 96, eyes and falces from in front; 9c, cephalothorax and eyes from from above and behind; 9d, maxille, labium, and sternum ; 9 e, genital process in profile; 9/f, ditto, from in front. . Storena lauta, 2: 10a, profile; 106, eyes and falces from in front; 10 c, eyes from above and behind; 10d, genital aperture. Tibellus affinis, 9 : lla, profile; 114, eyes and falces from in front; llc, eyes from above and behind; 1] d, genital aperture. Castianeira (Pedo) plumosa, ¢: 12a, profile; 12, eyes from above and behind; 12, eyes and falces from in front; 12 d, genital aperture; 12e, 12 f, plumose hairs on abdomen and legs. a hate i Fe : { Yj a \N\\V YAR ae IW AV) ip yy tla 9 PRUSIAS NUGA LIS b,5a-f 2 BASSANIA AMULA Gait: O- Cf 1 220-92 EPEIRA MERENS 6,6a-d@ AMAMRA TURRIGERA. 0,10a-d2 STOR | 3,3a-62 CYCLOSA PUBCA TA. Ya-eod METAGONIA ( CAUDATA, 11.t1a-dQ2 TIBELLUS AFFINIS. 440-40 ELAVER PLACIDA. 8'8a-02 CYCLOSA CLAR: 12,12a-f @ PEDO PLUMOSUS. tollick del. Edwin Wilson. Cambrid Es Fig. 1. Ot “I ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA, PLATE XXXIL Filistata capillosa, 2: 1a, profile; 16, eyes from above and behind; 1c, underside of abdomen ; 1 d, leg of first pair, showing dense brush of hairs. . Apollophanes distinctus, 2 . Philodromus decolor, 2: 83a, profile; 36, eyes and falces from in front; 3c, genital aperture. — Modisimus inornatus, Cambr., 3 : 4a, profile; 46, eyes and falces from in front; 4c, 4d, and 4 e, palpus in different positions. . Cesonia fugaz, 2 : 5a, profile; 5 6, eyes and falces from in front; 5c, genital aperture. . Memnon peragrans, 9 : 6a, profile; 66, eyes from above and behind ; 6c, eyes and falces from in front; 6d, underside ; 6 e, genital aperture. . Menalippe punctigera, 2: 7 a, profile; 7 6, eyes from above and behind; 7 c, eyes and falces from in front; 7 d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 7 e, genital aperture. . Castianeira debilis, 2 : 8 a, profile; 84, eyes from above and behind; 8c, genital aperture, . Castianeira luctuosus, 2: 9a, profile; 964,eyes and falces from in front; 9c, genital aperture. . Castianeira lugens, 9 : 10a, profile; 104, eyes from above and behind; 10c, genital aperture. . Tmarus jocosus, 8: lla, profile; 110, eyes from above and behind; lle and 11d, palpus in two positions. Tmarus jocosus, 2 : 12a, profile; 12, genital aperture. . Echemus pedestris, 9 : 184, profile; 13 6, eyes and falces from in front; 13c, eyes from above and behind; 13 d, genital aperture. . Clubiona mordica, 2 : 14a, profile; 144, eyes and falces from in front; 14¢, eyes from above and behind; 144, genital aperture. Ce. peo S- / = ae 4 jf 0, So} lo © 0 Seg Ya Radek: 5b | ee LAPT \\ i970) ah) ra ES Rie qa. ARIETEES fiat ltt A hh, (es Ce) Vile (KU ] YY, y Us : wi Ze Gn EARS Soo? 736 oI) Le 13%) 736 1,ta-d? FILISTATA CAPILLOSA | ,6a-e 2? MEMNON PRHRAGRANS a4 APOLLOPHANE'S DISTINGTUs. 7,fa-e? MENALIPPE PUNCTIGER A 3, ee PHILODRO MUS DEGOLOR . 8,8a MI \ oe ASTIANEIRA LUGENS. -c9 CASTIANEIRA FLEBILIS. 4 A da-e 6 MODISIMUS INORNA’ 13 TMARUS JOCOSUS 2 00.40 ro oh 9,9a-c? : FUG, AX OR ae KINA J [US is) 5 bac ® Cit SONIA LucTuosus 3186 a ECHEMUS PEDESTRIS 14'14a-d° CLUBIONA MORDICA. AT Hollick del Edwin Wilson Cambridge. Fig. 1. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXIII. Bonna fidelis, 2: 1a, profile; 1, eyes and falces from in front ; 1c, eyes from above and behind; 1 d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 1 e, genital aperture. . Prosthesima mesta, 3: 2a, profile; 25 and 2¢, palpus in two positions; 2d, eyes and falces from in front; 2, eyes from above and behind; 2/, genital aperture, 9. . Corinnomma pilosum, 8: 84a, profile; 3 6, eyes and falces from in front; 3c, eyes from above and behind; 3d and 3e, palpus in two positions. Corinnomma pilosum, 9: 4a, maxille, labium, and sternum ; 43, genital aperture. . Clubiona excisa, 3: 5a, profile; 5b, eyes from behind; 5 ¢, eyes and falces from in front ; 5 d and 5 e, palpus in two positions. Pirata felix, 2: 6a, profile; 66, eyes from behind; 6c, eyes and falces from in front ; 6 d, genital aperture. . Bedriacum predator, 8: 7 a, profile ; 7 6, eyes from behind ; 7c, eyes and falces from in front ; 7d and 7 e, palpus in two positions ; 7 f, maxillz, labium, and sternum. . Epeira scutigera, 2: 8a, profile; 8b, eyes and falces from in front; 8c, eyes from behind ; 8d, genital aperture; 8e, ditto in profile. Cragus inornatus, 3: 9 a, profile; 96, eyes and falces from in front ; 9c, eyes from behind ; 9d,9e, and 9f, palpus in three positions. . Castianeira (Pedo) plorans, 8: 104, profile; 100, eyes and falces from in front ; 10 ¢, eyes from behind ; 10d and 10e, palpus in two positions. . Castianeira (Pedo) plorans, 9: 11a, genital aperture. . Uloborus spernaz, 2: 12a, profile ; 124, eyes and falces from in front; 12c, eyes from behind; 12 d, genital aperture. . Uloborus cinereus, 2: 13a, profile; 134, eyes and falces from in front; 13c, eyes from behind ; 13d, genital aperture. . Synema polita, 3: 144, profile; 14 4, eyes from behind ; 14:c, eyes and falces from in front ; 14d and 14e, palpus in two positions. . Synema polita, 9: 15 a, genital aperture. . Diea spinigera, 8: 16a, profile; 16.4, eyes and falces from in front ; 16c, eyes from behind ; 16d and 16e, palpus in two positions. ee APTTT) Des PEs Ape ep A POPAAOPane PP Dyn . ee TP PIRATA FELIX. BEDRIACUM PREDATOR. EPEIRA SCUTIGERA. CRAGUS INORNATUS. ASTIANEIRA (PEDO) PLORANS. INA FIDELIS. _ IMA M@STA. RINNOMMA PILOSUM. CLUBIONA EXCISS 3 (ih \)\ NM QQ Y/Y S Ly WW pp/ Vis OS c ce S Q (cy le LLM Vi yA) ee ies nl ae ae ae WNKMHMEAL. CAH. ANEIRA (PEDO) PLORANS. BORUS SPERNAX. CINEREUS. SYNASMA POLITA. ALA SPINIGER f Wilson Cambridge. 10. Il. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXIV. Corinnomma dubium, 9: 1a, profile; 16, eyes and falces from in front; le, genital aperture. . Mazax spinosus, 2: 2a, profile; 26, eyes from above and behind; 2, eyes and falces from in front; 2d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 2 e, genital aperture. . Eutichurus putus, 9: 3a, profile; 36, eyes from above and behind; 3c, eyes and falces from in front; 3d, genital aperture. Castianeira (Pedo) lachrymosa, 9: 4a, profile; 46, eyes and falces from m front ; 4c, eyes from above and behind; 4d, genital aperture. . Thomisus odiosus, 8: 5a, profile; 50, eyes and falces from in front; 5c, palpus; 5d, ditto in another position. Theridion hirsutum, 3: 6 a, profile; 66, eyes from in front; 6c¢ and 6d, palpus in two positions. Theridion rotundum, ?: 7 a, profile; 76, eyes and falces from in front; 7c, eyes from above and behind; 7 d, genital aperture. . Theridion vivum, 2: 84a, profile; 84, eyes and falces from in front; 8c, genital aperture. . Theridion albulum, 2: 9 a, profile; 96, underside of abdomen; 9c, eyes and falces from in front; 9d, eyes from above and behind ; 9 e, genital aperture. *Theridion (Phyllonethis) trepidum, 8: 10a, profile; 100, eyes and falces from in front ; 10c and 10d, palpus in two positions. Theridion niveum, 2: lla, profile; 114, eyes and falces from in front; llc, eyes from above and behind; 11d, genital aperture ; 11 e, ditto in profile. * The female only of this spider is described (p. 256). The male here figured shows by the form of the falces that it is of the genus Phyllonethis, Thor. 77 ey. OES GNC CHU. OL Ure otx Ws USE Mele a, K< = ix ae — = Lickel IPA IIE SSS SESE Za a ———— SSeS EEE Kiana ee oe ee (SS —< KER, Ae AK SASS Wee MW Ny ) Wo SL Hrhnw: OSI PIT Fo ey, SSOP é< SRR ne Kee SS SS aS Ss oe SSS Py SSS a. — TA yr SALA _ ma lac? CORINNOMMA DUBIUM. 5,5a-dd THOMISUS ODIOSUS. 20-69 MAZAX SPINOSUS. 6.6a-dd THERIDION HIR 3.3a-d2 EUTICHURUS PUTUS 7, Ta-d9 443-4? CASTI THERIDION VIVUM | % ROTUNDUM. 1 LANEIRA (PEDO) LACHRYMOSA’ 4 ? Q ‘ AT. Hollick del. Fpaevigt aa oh PREPS goer abr Cs res Hdwin Wilson. Cambridge J Fig. 1. © ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXYV, Mallos niveus, $: 1a, profile; 16, spinners; 1c, eyes and falces from in front ; 1 d, eyes from above and behind; le, part of leg of fourth pair showing calamistrum; 1/, maxille, labium, and sternum. . Erissus pustulatus, 9: 2a, profile; 2, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, eyes from above and behind; 2d, genital aperture. . Theridion transversum, 3: 3a, profile; 3 6, eyes and falces from in front; 3c, eyes from above and behind; 3d and 3e, palpus im two positions. . Theridion transversum, 9: 4a, profile; 4.4, genital aperture. . Theridion hispidum, g : 5a, profile; 5 6, eyes and falces from in front; 5c, eyes from above and behind; 5d and 5 e, palpus in two positions. Theridion morulum, @: 6a, profile; 66, eyes and falces from in front; 6c, eyes from above and behind ; 6d, genital aperture; 6 e, ditto in profile. . Teutana zonata, 8: 7,7 a, and 7 6, palpus in three positions. Teutana zonata, 9: 8a, profile; 84, eyes aud falces from in front; 8c, genital aperture. Linyphia confinis, 2: 9 a, profile; 95, eyes and falces from in front; 9c, genital aperture. . Linyphia leta, 8: 10a, profile; 106, eyes and falces from in front; 10 c¢ and 10 d, palpus in two positions. . Linyphia leta, 2: 114, profile ; 116, hinder view of abdomen; 11 c, eyes and falces from in front; 11 d, genital aperture. Sle tte, Bem AX REESE LEELA SRR RHI ” WW 4/7 VAN A 00 tad: / a SSW : SES ox i (feck /. ‘D dba 4 Cxtcs 6 eon / IC = RAW OOsanws 99 x AT Hollick : del, serene \ age NWN CS Gd 6 THERIDION HISPIDUM . 4 4 MORULUM . 6 TEUTANA ZONATA. 8,8a-c? TEUTANA ZONATA. 9,9a-c? LINYPHIA GONFINIS. 10.10a-d 3 p LETA, 11.11a-d9 : : Edwin Wilson. Cambridge. . Sayo}ed JO1JUOD 10109 YVGO Fig. 1. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXVI. Amamra clivosa, 2: 1a, profile; 1, genital aperture and process. Amamra clivosa, 8: 2a, profile; 2, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, 2d, 2e, palpus in three positions ; 2, leg of second pair. Epeira semifoliata, 2: 8, profile; 3d, eyes and falces from in front ; 3c, genital aperture and process. Scoloderus gibber, 2: 4a, profile; 4, eyes and falces from in front ; 4.¢, genital process in profile; 4:d, ditto from in front. . Mimetus trituberculatus, 9: 5a, eyes and falces from in front; 56, genital aperture and process. . Mimetus rapazx, 3: 6a, eyes and falces from in front; 66, 6¢,6 d, palpus in three positions. . Mimetus rapax, 2: 7 a, genital aperture. . Mimetus crudelis, 8: 8a, eyes and falces from in front ; 8 4, 8c, palpus in two positions. . Mimetus hirsutus, 9: 9 a, profile. . Cyclosa tuberculifera, 8: 10a, profile; 100, eyes from in front; 10 ¢, eyes and caput from above and behind; 10d, 10e, palpus in two positions. . Tetragnatha digitata, 8: 11a, profile; 11 4, falces from in front ; 11d, 11 .e, palpus in two positions; 11, eyes and caput from above and behind. Tetragnatha digitata, 9: 124, profile. . Paphlagon beatus, §: 18a, profile; 13 4, eyes and falces from in front; 18 c¢, 13d, 13e, palpus in three positions. Acrosoma bimucronatum, 2: 14a, profile; 14.6, eyes and caput from above and behind. Ye EN a > = Perr ae Spy” OCT if Ze SSS asa SSS Se PELE SP SSS SS BSS Ooi yg 3 ping DD Doo > > ZN L76 L006 AMAMRA aL oa SA. 6,6a-do MIMETUS RAPAX 10,10a-e o& CYCLOSA TUBERCULIFERA. 1.4ab9 4 2.2a-f o 7,746 @ : 7 {1 tla-f ¢ TETRAG SNATHA DIGITATA. 3'3a-c 9 EPEIRA SEMIFOLIATA B8acg CRUDELIS 12°29 ; 4,4a-49 SCOLODERUS GIBBER. 99a 9 > HIRSUTUS. 13:13a-e d PAPHLAGON BEATUS 5,5a,b@ MIMETUS TRITUBFRCULATUS, idida,b 9 ACROSOMA BIMUCRONATUM Edwin Wilson,Cambridge S9YIJEd |01}JUOD 10/0DN AVGO»m Nt 10. 11. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXVII. Rubrius mordax, 2: 1a, profile; 16, eyes and falees from in front ; 1c, eyes from above and behind ; 1 d, maxille, labium, and sternum ; le, genital aperture. . Argiope blanda, $ : 2a, profile ; 26, eyes and falces from in front; 2c, eyes from above and behind ; 2d and 2, palpus in two positions ; 2 f, underside. . Argyrodes maculosa, 2? : 3a, profile; 35, eyes from above and behind. . Epeira smithi, 2 : 4a, profile; 4, eyes and falces from in front ; 4c, genital process in front ; 4d, ditto, in profile. . Epeira nava, 2? : 54, profile; 5 6, eyes and falees from in front ; 5c, genital aperture and process in front ; 5d, ditto, in profile. . Epeira honesta, 2 : 6a, profile; 64, eyes and falces from in front ; 6c, genital aperture and process ; 6 d, ditto, in profile. . Metabus gravidus, 9 : 7a, profile ; 76, eyes and falces from in front ; 7c, eyes from above and behind ; 7 d, maxille, labium, and sternum ; 7 e, genital aperture. Argiope godmani, 2: 8a, profile; 86, underside; 8c, eyes from above and behind ; 8 d, eyes and falces from in front ; 8e, genital process in front ; 8f, ditto, in profile. Dipena proba, 3 : 9a, profile ; 94, eyes and falces from in front ; 9¢ and 9d, palpus m two positions. Dipena proba, 2 : 104, profile; 104, sternum ; 10¢, genital aperture. Gea predicta, : 11a, profile; 11, eyes and falces from in front ; 11 c, eyes from above and behind; 11d and 11e, palpus in two positions ; 11/, maxille, labium, and sternum. tpravhnils Ttroneten LLI sue A Y g if TKS S\N) mn AO Se 4,1a-e9 RUBRIUS MORDAX. 5,5a-d2 EPEIRA NAVA. 8,8a-f2 ARGIOPE GODMANI B Dae : OPE BLANDA., 6.Bad? 9 > HONESTA. %9a-dd DIPENA PROBA “RODES MACULOSA. 17,7a-e9 METABUS GRAVIDUS. 1010a-c 9 > IRA SMITH. itiaf @ GEA-PRADICTA. A.T Hollick del. Edwin Wilson.Cambridae. D SOYI}JEd [01}UOD 10|0D AVGOm 9. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXVIII. . Argyrodes linguata, $: 1a, profile of cephalothorax; 1%, eyes from above and behind ; lc, eyes, clypeus, and falces from in front; 1d and ] e, palpus in two positions. . Argyrodes subdola, 2: 24a, profile; 26, eyes from above and behind; 2c, genital aperture. . Argyrodes furcata, 2: 3a, profile; 34, eyes from above and behind ; 3 ¢, genital aperture. . Argyrodes aurea, $: 4a, profile; 46, eyes from above and behind; 4c, eyes and falces from in front; 4d and 4 e, palpus in two positions. . Ariamnes procera, 3: 5a, profile; 5 6, eyes and falces from in front. . Lithyphantes clara, 9: 64a, profile; 6 6, eyes and falces from in front; 6c, eyes from above and behind; 6 d, genital aperture. Trochosa insignis, §: 7a, profile; 7 6, eyes and falces from in front; 7c, eyes from above and behind; 7 d and 7 e, palpus in two positions. . Mettus reclivis, 2: 84a, profile; 84, eyes from above and behind; 8 ¢, eyes and falces from in front; 8d, maxille, labium, and sternum; 8e, genital aperture. Uloborus signatus, 6: 9a, profile; 9 6, eyes and falces from in front; 9c, eyes from above and behind; 9d and Qe, palpus in two positions. . Uloborus signatus, 2: 10a, profile; 106, genital aperture ; 10 c, ditto in profile. . Uloborus variegatus, 2: 11a, profile; 116, eyes and falces from in front; llc, eyes from above and behind; 11 d, leg of first pair; lle, genital aperture; 11 /f and 11g, under- side of abdomen in two examples. . Uloborus vicinus, 2: 12a, profile; 126, eyes and falces from in front; 12c¢, eyes from above and behind; 12d, genital aperture; 12 e, cephalothorax, showing form of charac- teristic stripe; 12 f, underside of abdomen ; 12g, genital process in profile; 12%, genital process. (The last four figures are from another example.) 6 " Y, ee : : ge be Via or 2 AM. BEL LIM, IQA VAL CHT O20 SEB 2 4 , SS if Asie PENA | Gah 70a : Zs é We 1tiaeed ARGYRODES LINGUATA. 5, 28.0 - ARLAMNES PROCERA. 9.9a-e d ULOBORUS SIGNATUS S. Gy eee © » SUBDOLA. 6,6ed? LITHYPRANTES: CLARA. 1010a-c 2 338-09 » FURCATA. T7aed TROCHOSA INSIGNIS. ~ 11 Mag§ > ‘ VARTEGATUS 4 Aare 3 ois AUREA. 8,8a-e? METTUS RECLIVIS. 12ZlZan » VICINUS. AT Hollick del. . EdwinWilson Cambridge. Sayo}ed |01]U0D 10109 YVGO Fig. 1. 10. ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. PLATE XXXIX. Euryopis probabilis, : 1a, profile; 16, eyes from above and behind ; 1 ¢, eyes and falces from in front; 1 d, genital aperture. . Euryopis proxima, ¢ : 2a, profile ; 26, eyes from above and behind ; 2, eyes and falces from in front; 2 d, genital aperture. . Physocyclus rotundus, 2 : 3a, profile; 35, eyes and falces from in front ; 3c, underside of abdomen. . Bathyphantes sana, 2 : 4a, profile; 4, eyes from above and behind ; 4c, eyes and falces from in front; 4d, underside of abdomen ; 4e, genital aperture. . Mermessus dentiger, 3 : 5a, profile; 5 5, eyes and falees from in front ; 5, 5d, palpus in two positions. . Melpomene elegans, 8 : 6a, profile; 64, eyes and falces from in front ; 6c, eyes from behind; 6d, 6e,6//f, palpus in different positions; 6g, underside of cephalothorax, showing maxille, labium, and sternum. Achea mendax, 3 : 7 a, profile; 7 4, eyes from above and behind ; 7c, eyes and falces from in front ; 7 d, 7 e, palpus in two positions. Leptyphantes (?) dubia, 2 : 8a, profile; 84, eyes and falces from in front; 8c, genital aperture. . Phyllonethis trepida, 3 : 9a, profile ; 9, eyes and falces from in front; 9c, eyes from above and behind ; 9 d, genital aperture. Turckheimia scelesta, 2 : 10a, profile; 106, eyes and falces from in front; 10c, eyes from above and behind; 10d, underside of cephalothorax, showing maxille, labium, and sternum ; 10 e, genital aperture. obi bentr-oton fp — if i 4 o> ~ -) i i s va ee i: he Se Ye 4% oy QI LIPS POOOL ILL. ES I DEI TE BL TO ET 's VMNC§ Yo, AMA LO CCAD PLES Ss Cay, Wii oo * LE ELLE LEE RE ert ene SS ak Me a SK LEE EEE —~ MEE he Pa Say SSS ° EURYOPIS PROBABILIS. 4,4a-€9 pe gee 5. 4,4a-e9 BATHYPHANTES SANA. 8,8a-c? LEPTYPHANTES OD tne Ue 5,5a-do’ MERMESSUS DENTIGER. 9,9a-d? F ETHIE ,3a¢2 PHYSOCYCLUS ROTUNDUS. i fa Ls ee, Ol SE : AiO opee ak 6,6a-go' MELPOMENE ELEGANS. 1010e-c2 TURCKHEIMIA SCI f,7a-eo' ACHAA MENDAX AT. Hollick del. Edwin Wilson ,Camb SdYyd}eq [01]U0D 10109 YVGO™