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Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library

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271

MOLLUSCA.
By E. R. Sykes,
WITH INTERCALATIONS ON ANATOMY

By Lt.-Col. Godwin-Austen.

Contents. § 1, General remarks, p. 271 ; § 2, Systematic account, p. 275 ; § 3, Bzblo-
graphic list, p. 400; § 4, Alphabetical list of names placed as synonyms, Pp. 407 ;
§ 5, Alphabetical list of unidentified or erroneously recorded names, p. 412.

Tue material upon which this study of the land and fresh-water Mollusca is based,
in addition to the collection formed by Mr Perkins, consists in a great measure of the
collection in the British Museum (Natural History), where the bulk of Newcomb's and
Pfeiffer’s type-specimens are to be found. Thanks to the kindness of Prof. A. Hyatt,
an examination has been made of the type-specimens of the species described by
Gulick, of the genus Leféachatina, and now preserved at Boston. Mr D. D. Baldwin,
of Maui, has also very kindly sent over a number of specimens and Mons. Ancey has
lent the types of some species described by him. A collection formed in the Islands by
Mr Hutchison has also been placed in my hands for examination by Mr Fulton.

Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., has enabled me to add to the interest of
this work in a great degree, by very kindly dissecting some of the species and permitting
me to incorporate here the results; it is hoped that he may be able to give a further
account of the anatomy in the Achatinelldae.

To Mr Edgar A. Smith, I desire, in conclusion, to express my most grateful thanks
for his unfailing help and courtesy.

§ 1. General Remarks on the Mollusca.

To the student of the Mollusca, the Hawaiian Islands fauna is probably more
familiar by name than that of many better known places, owing to the occurrence there
of the well-known Achatinelloid group of forms.

Tables of the distribution of the fauna are given below, but a few general remarks
here may be of interest.

ifs 385. Wt 36

Or i} Kole

ory

FAUNA HAWATITENSIS

to
N
to

The Limacidae yield nothing very peculiar or very striking and the few forms
peculiar to the Islands may well have been developed from introduced European
ancestors.

The Zonitidae are scattered over the Islands; all are peculiar, but they are
nearly related to forms found in other islands of the Pacific: similar remarks apply
to the Endodontidae, one group of which (Perodzscus), however, appears to be peculiar.

The presence—and that strongly contested—of only a single indigenous species
of the Helicidae again indicates affinities with Polynesia.

The Pupidae as a family, have a very wide geographical range, and hence no
deductions can be drawn from their presence; it should be noted that here—if the
identification be correct—the fauna includes a species not peculiar to the Islands.

With reference to the Achatinellidae it may at once be noted that several divisions
of the family may be made. First, the brightly coloured forms which fall into the
genus Achatinella proper and which are replaced in the Southern Pacific Islands by
the genus Partu/a. The metropolis of distribution of all these forms seems to be
Oahu, save in the case of the subgenus Paréulina when Maui and Molokai appear to
divide the honour. No species has been found on Kauai and only two on Hawaii at
the other end of the group. Species have been described by authors upon coloration
and band-formations ; in my opinion numbers even of the ‘species’ here admitted will
prove, when their anatomy is carefully investigated, to be varying forms of one common
species. Consider, for example, such a shell as Yachea nemoralis dealt with in the
same manner as the Hawaiian forms have been! Still, even when reductions are made,
the fauna will remain remarkable for its numerical strength in species.

Secondly, passing through Perdicella and Newcomdza, confined to the islands of
Molokai and Maui, we come to the second great division, typified by Leptachatina and
Amastra. Here, while the metropolis again seems to be Oahu, Kauai, the oldest
island geologically considered, ranks well with the rest.

Thirdly, passing through the interesting and recently described Thaanumia of
Oahu, we come to Carvelzia, which is confined to Kauai save for one subfossil species on
the Island of Niihau (the only mollusc on that island).

Fourthly, we have the little group of Auriculella and Frickella, which leave the
impression that they are linking forms between Achatinella and Tornatellina, and,
again, belong in the main to Oahu. It should be borne in mind, as illustrating the
peculiarity of the fauna, that only about half a dozen out of, approximately, 330
species of Achatinellidae are found on more than one island, and indeed some of
these may be due to errors of identification. In our present state of knowledge a
faunal list is largely influenced by the ‘personal equation’ of the writer.

From the residue of the fauna but little is to be learnt; the development of
Succinea appears abnormal and further research will probably reduce the so-called
‘species’ of this group.

MOLLUSCA 27

Oo

The following general conclusions may, however, be drawn:

1. The Molluscan fauna is nearly related to that of the Polynesian islands, and
shows hardly any trace of continental influence, Asiatic or American.

2. The species are nearly always confined to one island; but it is very doubtful
if, as has been stated, ‘‘each valley has its peculiar species.”

3. When the genera found are confined to the islands, the majority of living
species usually occur on Oahu.

I give below tables of distribution ; but, owing to the fauna being so restricted in
distribution, have not added percentages of peculiar species.

(1) Families Limacidae, Zonitidae, Endodontidae, Helicidae, Pupidae.

Species peculiar to one Island.

Limacidae. Zonitidae. Endodontidae. Helicidae. Pupidae. Total.
Kaual 3 8 Il
Oahu Vi 3 4 14
Molokai I I 2
Lanai I 2 3
Maui I 5 2 8
Hawaii I 3 I I 2 8

Species occurring in more than one Island.

Limacidae. Two species (Z. gagates and Agriolimax laevis) are found elsewhere,
and may have been introduced. One species is common to Kauai and Maui, one to
Maui and Hawaii, and one to Kauai, Oahu, and Maui.

Zonitidae. One species common to Kauai, Oahu, and Maui; one to Oahu,
Molokai, and Lanai; and one, respectively, to Kauai and Maui, Maui and Oahu.

Philomycidae. One found in Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii, and one in Oahu only;
these species, however, are not peculiar to the Hawaiian fauna.

Endodontidae. Two species are common to Kauai and Oahu; one, respectively,
to Kauai and Lanai, Maui and Oahu, Lanai and Oahu, Lanai and Molokai; while
three are of uncertain habitat.

Helicidae. One species—introduced—in Kauai and Oahu.

Pupidae. One in Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii; one, respectively, in Kauai and
Oahu, Oahu and Hawaii; further, a single species is found outside the Islands.

274 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Achatinellidae. In view of their interesting characters I have here dealt
with the distribution by genera.

Species occurring in only one Island.

ACHATINELLA group.
: x Z
2 x : S Pc 5
2 o 8 Ss 8 & = = F
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= = aS 8 = R BS S s is SS a
= BS = 3 s $ S s = s Ss rs
= S Ss $ 5 & S = S 8 3:8 =
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ey = N =
x S :
: x
Kauai 7 15 8 T 3
Oahu 7 19 I 29 40 33 I ike) 150
Molokai 2 3 8 15 3 2 42
Lanai 3 12 5 20
Maui 16 3 5 I 17 4 | Ay
Hawaii 2 3 4 I 13

The only forms of Achatinellidae found on more than one island are in the
genera Leptachatina and Auriculella; in the former one species is said to be found
on Kauai and Oahu, and two on Maui and Oahu; in the latter similar notes occur
with regard to Oahu and Maui, Molokai and Lanai, Maui and Molokai, and (doubt-
fully) Oahu and Hawaii.

Further a single subfossil species of Care/ia is recorded from Niihau; and the
following are of uncertain habitat: Budémella 1, Partulina 3, Achatinellastrum 1,
Amastra 7, Leptachatina 6, and Auriculella 2.

(3) The residue of the fauna.

Species occurring in only one Island.

Led . |
E < di s
5 a S A 3 N 3 = a
= = S = x > oS = S
3 iS = 2 3 8 = = ic
Pl e)] a |e)! Pie sie
3 “A =
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a S|
" | :
Kauai 3 3 2 | 8
Oahu I 2 3 I I 3 II
Molokai °
Lanai I ee 2
Maui 3 | 4 I I 9
Hawaii 2 I 12 I 16

MOLLUSCA 275

Species occurring in more than one Island.

Tornatellina. One species, said to be found in Oahu, occurs in the Tonga
Islands. Two species are common to Kauai and Oahu, one to Hawaii and Oahu,
and one to Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii.

Stenogyridae. Opeas junceus is said to be found in all the Islands, and both this
and O. prestont (Hawaii) occur elsewhere. One species is of uncertain habitat.

Succinea. Two species in Oahu, Molokai, and Hawaii; one in Lanai, Oahu, and
Maui; one in Kauai and Hawaii, one in Maui and Molokai.

Limnaeidae. One species in ‘all the Islands’; one in Kauai and Oahu, one
in Oahu and Maui; three of uncertain habitat.

Melania. One common to Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Molokai; one to Kauai
and Oahu ; one to Kauai and Molokai; one of uncertain habitat.

Helicina. One common to Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, and Molokai; one to Maui
and Lanai.

Neritina. One common to Maui, Oahu, and Hawaii; two of uncertain habitat.
Two said to be found in ‘all the Islands.’

These three tables show that Kauai has 50 species peculiar to it, Oahu 175,
Molokai 44, Lanai 25, Maui 64, Hawaii 37.

§ 2. Systematic account of the fauna.

Fam. LIMACIDAE.

Amalia Moquin-Tandon.

Amalia M.-T. Hist. Moll. France, 1855, . p. 19 [first species Limax gagates,
Drap. |.

Milax Gray, Cat. Pulm, Brit. Mus. 1855, p. 174 [has the same type; there are,
also, older names supposed to be identical, but founded on erroneous characters or
improperly described ].

While dealing with slugs it may be convenient to note that Semper has recorded a
species stated to be very near Limax tenellus Nilsson; further Dr Cooper is said to
have seen a species of /aze//a from these islands, but I have been unable to trace his
note from the reference given (see Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 50).

(1) Amaha babori Collinge.

Amalia babori Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1897), p. 294.
Has. Maui, at 5000 ft., Haleakala——Hawaii, 2000 to 4000 ft., Olaa to Kilauea
(Perkins).

276 FAUNA HAWAITENSITS

(2) Amala gagates Draparnaud.

Limax gagates Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. France, 1801, p. 100 ; Hist. Moll. France,
1805} p: 122, ple wx. es: 1,2

Amata gagates Drap., Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 49.

Has. Maui (Perkins).

AGRIOLIMAX Morch.

Agriolimax Morch, J. Conchyl. xu. (1865), p. 378.
As to the correct name for this genus, see Cockerell and Collinge, Conchologist,
Il. pp. 199, 200.
(1) Agriolimax bevenoti Collinge.

Agriolimax bevenoti Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (Nov. 1897), p. 295.
Has. Kauai, at 4000 ft.—Oahu, 2000 ft., Honoluluu—Maui, 5000 ft., Haleakala
(Perkins).
(2) Agriolimax globosus Collinge.

Agriolimax globosus Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (April 1896), p. 47.
Has. Hawaii, Mauna Loa (Perkins).

(3) Agriolimax laevis Miiller.
Limax laevis Miller, Hist. Vermium, 11. (1774), p. 1.
Agriolimax laevis Miiller, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 295.

Has. Kauai, at 2000 ft., Lihue.—Maui, 5000 ft., Haleakala (Perkins).

(4) Agriolimax perkinst Collinge.

Agriolimax perkinsi Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (April 1896), p. 47.
Has. Lanai, at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

(5) <Agriolimax (?) sandwichiensts Souleyet.
Limax sandwichiensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1. (1852), p. 497, pl. Xxvul.
figs. 8—11 [animal and shell].
Has. Hawaiian Islands (?).
It seems uncertain whether this be really Hawaiian, or even accurately repre-
sented ; see Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 46.

MOLLUSCA 277

Fame ZONITIDAE.
GopwWINIA, n. gen.

This new genus is proposed for the V7ztrzna caperata of Gould, which has, of
recent years, usually been placed in f/edzcarion ; it will be seen from the valuable
anatomical notes of Lt.-Col. Godwin-Austen that there are differences which separate
the species from that genus. Probably the Vetrzna tenella of Gould also belongs here.
The types of Heltcarton Férussac (Tabl. Moll. 1821, pp. xxxi, 24) appear to have been
the Australian forms /reyctnetz and cuvzere.

(1) Godwinia caperata Gould.

Vitrina caperata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 181; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. 1856, pl. 1. fig. 9.

Flelix newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 (Jan. 1855), p. 51; Reeve,
Conch: leon ex, placixxxix. fig. 1321.

Plate XII. figs. 6—12.

Has. Kauai (Gould, Perkins).—Oahu (Pfeiffer).

Very possibly the habitat of ‘Oahu’ is a mistake.

“The animal is dark, with a rather broad pale pallial margin; foot with a well
defined central area beneath; the specimen was so much contracted that the mucous
gland could not be decisively made out; from analogy, however, one should be present.
There are no shell-lobes, the mantle-edge is curved and well defined. The right dorsal
lobe is small, and the left lobe is long, narrow, and continuous.

“The visceral sac has three coils. The buccal mass has a strong, broad, muscle on
the lower posterior side ; the oesophagus is short, leading into a very capacious stomach;
the salivary gland is in one compact, rounded mass. Jaw solid, dark sienna in colour,
with a very straight cutting edge; odontophore long and narrow, with a few large
median teeth ; at first sight these centrals appear to be simple and straight-sided in form,
and they are very nearly so, but closer examination shows that the centre and adjoining
teeth have very small notches on the outer side; these are not cusps. The laterals are
all curved and aculeate. The dental formula is :

18—5—1—5—18
23—I—23

Unfortunately the generative organs were not seen by me, all this portion being lost
during dissection, as will sometimes occur in these small species.

278 FAUNA HAWATTENSIS

“Tt will be seen from the above characters that this species cannot be placed in the
Helicarionidae—the absence of shell-lobes forbids this. Aculeate laterals are hardly
ever met with even in the genera of Zonitidae possessing shell-lobes ; I can only recall
one species, JJacrochlamys castaneolabiata. The solid jaw, divided foot, and, in all
probability, the presence of a mucous gland place it in the Zonitidae. In so many
points is it distinct from any of the Indian and Malayan forms that I am acquainted
with that I the more regret that the generative organs have still to be made out”

(H. H. Godwin-Austen).

(2) Godwinza (?) tenella Gould.

Vitrina tenella Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. 1847, p. 181; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. 1856, pl. 1. fig. ro.

Has. Kauai (Gould).-—Maui, Haleakala, 5000—go0o0 ft. (Perkins).

The specimens found by Mr Perkins appear to be identical with Gould’s species,
which, so far as I can trace, has not been rediscovered on Kauai. In fresh specimens
the lip is margined with black.

Vitrea Fitzinger.

Vitrea Fitz., Beitr. Landeskund. Oesterr. m1. p. 99.

Fitzinger's type, as I understand him, was dzaphana Studer.
Until the anatomy of these Hawaiian species is known, I can suggest no better
reference than to the present genus.

(1) Vitrea lanatensis Sykes.

Vitrea (?) lanaiensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 298.
Plate XI. figs. 43, 44.

Has. Lanai, mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

(2) Vitrea molokaiensis Sykes.

Vitrea (?) molokatensts Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1897), p. 298.
Plate XI. figs. 45, 46.

Has. Molokai, forest above Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOEBUSCA 279

(3) Vitrea pauxillus Gould.
Flelix pusillus Gould, P. Boston Soc. u. 1846, p. 171 [won H. pusilla, Lowe,
HO3 1),
Flelix pauxillus Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. AZo//. p. 40, pl. m1. fig. 46.

Flyalimia baldwint Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. 1889, p. 192; Sykes, P.
Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. xt. figs. 1—3.

Has. Maui (Gould); West part of Maui (Ancey) ; Haleakala, 5000 feet (Perkins).

See, for a note on the synonymy, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 298.

PSEUDOHYALINA Morse.

The original type was, I gather, e/2x exzgwa Stimpson.

(1) Pseudohyalina kauaiensis Pfeiffer.

flex kawatensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [1855], p. 52; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Helix, sp. 1256.

Has. Kauai (Pfeiffer).—Maui and Oahu (Baldwin).

I follow M. Ancey in the generic reference, as I do not know how, at present, the
nomenclature may be bettered.

Microcystina Morch.

Type Manna vinkiz, Morch.

(1) ALicrocystina (?) cryptoportica Gould.

flehx cryptoportica Gould, P. Boston Soe. 1. (1846), p. 20; U. S. Explor. Exped.
oll... pl. Va oan 2

Has. Oahu (Pease, Baldwin).

I place this here as the description states ‘columella valde intorta.”

Microcystis Beck.

For a discussion as to the type, see P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. pp. 130—2.

Eas, LTS 37

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

to
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(1) Microcystis chamissoi Pfeiffer.

Flelix chamessot Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 91; Bland and Binney,
Ann. Lyc. New York, x. p. 338, pl. xv. fig. 3 (jaw and radula; copied
in Ann. New York Ac. m1. pl. xvi. fig. O).
Has. Kauai, Waioli and Haena (Baldwin); Makawele and Mountains above
Waimea (Perkins).
Bland and Binney give ‘“ W. Maui” on the authority of Newcomb, but this
seems very dubious; Mons. Ancey gives Oahu, but I think this must be an error. The
figures in the Manual of Conchology (Vol. u. pl. xxxvu. figs. 74—6) are not good.

PHILONESIA, gen. nov.

Recently’, I discussed the genus J/zcrvocys¢7s Beck, and expressed the opinion that
these small Zonitoid forms so characteristic of the Hawaiian Islands, and scattered over
the Islands of the Central Pacific, could not be placed in that genus. I, further,
referred them to Macrochlamys, stating that “whether our small forms are in accord
with the typical group of this genus anatomically, remains to be proved; but, concho-
logically, they only appear to differ in size.”

Specimens of a form which IJ refer to the unfigured Wecrocystis baldwint Ancey,
and which were collected by Mr Perkins, contained the animal, and Lt.-Col. Godwin-
Austen has most kindly made an examination of it. His full report will be found on
p. 281, but I may here summarize it by saying that this species does not belong to
Macrochlamys at all, and the query I suggested has been answered. He points out its
affinity to Sztada and Kadlzel/a and here it is interesting to note that Mr Perkins found
a species in the Hawaiian Islands that I have referred to the latter genus.

Under these circumstances, and as the shells are distinct by the conchological
characters of the columella from both JZzcrocystena and Lamprocystts—anatomically,
also, from the former—I have ventured to create a new genus and propose to take
Microcystis baldwint Ancey, as the type. Probably the bulk of the Hawaiian Zonitoid
forms belong to this group.

(1) Philonesia aberlled Ancey.

Microcystis abertlet Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 199.

Haz. Molokai (Ancey); Mapulehu (Baldwin); wet forest above Pelekunu
(Perkins).—Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins).—Lanai (Perkins).

All the specimens are young, but I cannot sever them from this species.

* P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 130.

MOLLUSCA 281

(2) Philonesia baldwint Ancey.

Microcystis baldwint Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 204.
Plate XII. figs. 1—5.

Has. Oahu and west part of Maui (Ancey); Head of Panoa Valley, Nuuanu, and
Honolulu Mts. (Perkins).

“The animal is brown; spotted and splashed with pure white (Plate XII. fig. 1 @)
on the integument which covers the branchial chamber and visceral sac, these markings
shew clearly through the transparent shell and give it a very pretty, mottled ap-
pearance. The extremity of the foot is truncated; with a mucous gland. In the
specimen examined the foot (Plate XII. fig. 2) is very much contracted, but there is
every indication that a small lobe overhangs the mucous gland. The foot, which is
regularly segmented, has a central area (Plate XII. fig. 2@); the pallial margin appears
unusually broad, but this is deceptive and due to the extreme lateral contraction under-
gone; the two grooves above are similarly widened. The mantle edge has a well-
developed, tongue-like, right shell lobe near the respiratory orifice, with an indistinct,
narrow, left shell lobe. The right dorsal lobe is black and well developed, the left
paler and moderately broad. Tentacles black.

‘Plainly seen through the shell were four embryonic shells, lying one behind the
other in the uterus, in various stages of development. The enveloping integument is
transparent and so thin that the small shells, being comparatively heavy bodies, very
readily break away, and the spermatophore adjacent was not made out.

“The odontophore has a formula of

“ The basal plates of the central teeth are quadrate in outline. The central tooth is
tricuspid, the side cusps basal, blunt; the central point with convex sides. The
median teeth have a blunt cusp only on the outer basal side, the ninth tooth is a
narrower basal plate and is intermediate in form, the next eighteen being curved and
bicuspid ; the most interesting character is seen at this part of the row, for all the
succeeding and outermost teeth are tricuspid, occasionally with even four points. The
radula is remarkable for the similarity of the outermost teeth to those of Kalella
barrakpurensis’; those of Sztala attegia and S. znfula* should also be compared, in
which latter the pectiniform teeth are seen on the whole length of the row. The
present shell shows an approach to Aadze//a in a few of the outermost laterals, but it

* Land and F. W. Moll. India, 1. pp. 19, 20, pl. v. fig. rr.
* Tom. cit. pl. vir. figs. re & 2¢, after Stoliczka.

282 FAUNA HAWAITENSTS

must be noted that the median teeth have a single outer cusp, while Aa/e//a has both
outer and inner cusps; this latter characteristic is, however, not present in S7zfa/a.
Katella has few teeth in the row, Sztada many ; 33 : I : 33, 153: I : 153, respectively.
A more important link with the genus Sz¢aZa is displayed by the presence of right and
left shell lobes, which Kadze//a does not possess; the close parallel lines of contraction
across the right shell lobe shew that it has considerable extension in life. Stoliczka
also mentions in Sz¢ala tzfuda the swollen uterus and the advanced state of development
of the ova; pointing to similar embryonic stages in these molluscs. Yet another
character is in common, namely, the absence of any amatorial organ. The male organ
of the present species is also slightly different; I am unable, having only one specimen
to dissect, to examine this in section.

“The jaw is very thin and delicate, and so colourless that its detection and ex-
traction are very difficult. It has a well defined central projection on the cutting edge.

“ The generative organs (Plate XII. figs. 3, 3a) cannot be described so fully as one
would wish, owing to the expanded state of the uterus. The hermaphrodite duct and

albumen gland were perfect: and the male portion thence complete. The prostate—as
it is called by Semper, shewn in his figure of Jecrocystis myops as a loose fringe-like set
of convolutions—appears in this species as a closely packed and thickened mass of
oblong form, flattened on one side, where the oviduct would be lying attached if perfect.
The vas deferens is given off at the anterior end. The penis is a thickened muscular
tube, broad and bulbous below, tapering upwards to where the very short thickened
retractor muscle is given off: the vas deferens at this point has three sharp con-
volutions ; seen with transmitted light a short, sharp, ‘kink’ occurs in the bulbous
portion near the generative aperture.

“The sculpture of the shell, magnified about thirty times, presents a very fine,
regular, slightly wavy, longitudinally striated surface; this striation is strongest near
the suture, becoming finer outwards. There are about 11 striae to ‘003 inch. The
most advanced embryonic shell consists of 2} whorls, the sculpture is well shewn on it.

‘The point now to be solved is whether we are to retain this species in M2crocysts.
Mr Sykes regards’ J. ornatella as the type of the genus; this was also the opinion of
H. Nevill. Further Mr Sykes goes on to say ‘ Now these small Zonitoids [7.e. those
of the Hawaiian Islands] hardly fit into the same genus as this species and therefore
some other generic title is required for them.’ The anatomy now described, shews, for
many reasons, that the shell cannot be placed in J/acrochlamys as Mr Sykes, guided by
the shell characters, proposed. In my opinion it is undoubtedly close to Kadiedla,
still closer to Sz¢a/a, and yet there are sufficient differences in the generative organs to
separate this Hawaiian form from both. If we take the shell alone into account, the
sculpture presents one character, viz. fine, close longitudinal striation, not found in the
Indian species of Sz¢a/a, in which the general surface is smooth, with spiral liration.

' P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. 1896, p. 31.

MOLLUSCA 283

The sculpture of Ka/e//a is finer and transverse to the whorl, so differs still more.
It therefore may become necessary, if this shell be generally distinct from JZ. ornatella,
to create a new genus.

“When we consider the immense area on the Equatorial belt over which Aa/ze//a,
Sztala, and this allied form are distributed, it appears that they fall naturally into a
subfamily of their own which may be called the Siratinaz, Godwin-Austen, ome. nov. ;
one that is sufficiently distinct from the Durgellinae on the one hand, with which they
are associated over a large portion of their range, and from the Macrochlaminae on the
other, where the area of association is more restricted and the differences in the animal
much greater.” (H. H. Godwin-Austen.)

(3) Phrlonesra cicercula Gould.
Helix cicercula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1846), p. 171; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll pl. vs. fig. 73.
Has. Hawaii (Gould); Kohala (Perkins).

var. boetigertana Ancey.

Microcystis cicercula var. boettgeriana Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 206.

Has. Hawaii, Kona (Ancey).

(4) Phalonesia exaeguata Gould.

Helix exaequata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1846), p. 171; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll, pl. v. fig. 61.

Helix disculus Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. vir. 1851, p. 68 [vox Deshayes].

Helix obtusangula Pfeiffer, 2. ¢. p. 153.

Nanina discus Pfeiffer, Tryon, Man. Conch. Ser. 1. Vol. 11 p. 114.

Has. Kauai (Gould, Perkins).

(5) Philonesia hartmannt Ancey.

Microcystis hartmanni Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 198.
Has. Oahu (Ancey); Kalaikoa (Baldwin).

FAUNA HAWATIENSIS

ty
ror)
aS

(6) Philonesia indefinita Ancey.

Microcystis tndefinita Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 203.
Has. Maui, east part (Ancey); Makawao (Baldwin).

(7) Philonesta lymanniana Ancey.

Microcystis lymanniana Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 329.
Has. Oahu, Waialae (Ancey).

(8) Phrlonesta oahuensts Ancey.

Microcystis oahuensts Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 202.
Has. Oahu (Ancey); Halemano (Perkins),

I refer, with some doubt, a single specimen found by Mr Perkins, to this unfigured
species.
var. depresstuscula Ancey.

M. oahuensts var. depressiuscula Ancey, ¢. ¢. p. 203.

Has. Oahu (Ancey).

(9) Philonesia perlucens Ancey.

Microcystis perlucens Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 207.
Has. Maui, east part (Ancey).

(10) Phlonesia perkinst Sykes.
Macrochlamys perkinst Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1896), p. 126.
Plate XI. figs. 41, 42.

Haz. Lanai.—(?) Oahu, a single specimen (Perkins).

(11) Philonesta platyla Ancey.

Microcystis platyla Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 196; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xi. figs. 13—15.

Haz. Oahu (Ancey); Waianae Mts. (Baldwin, Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 285

(12) Philonesia plicosa Ancey.

Microcystis plicosa Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, v1. (1889), p. 200.
Has. Oahu (Ancey); Palolo (Baldwin).

(13) Phrlonesta sertcans Ancey.

Microcystis sericans Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. (1899), p. 268.
Has. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(14) Philonesta subrutila Mighels.

Flelix subrutila Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 19.

Has. Oahu (Mighels, &c.).—Mr Baldwin gives Kauai, but | doubt this ; the
species is unknown to me,

(15) Phelonesta subtilisstma Gould.
Felix subtilissima Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1846), p. 177; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll, pl. v. fig. 62.

Unknown to me; from the figure I am not certain of its generic position.

Has. Maui (Gould).

(16) Phzlonesta turgida Ancey.
Microcystis turgida Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1890), p. 339; Sykes,
P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xm. figs. 5—7.

Has. Maui (Ancey); Makawao (Baldwin); Mts. at 4ooo ft. (Perkins)—A speci-
men found on Lanai by Mr Perkins, may belong to a variety.

Obs. The Helix misella of Férussae has been recorded with a query from the
islands, but does not really belong to their fauna.

KaALreLLA Blanford.

Type the group of Helix barrakporensis Pir.

286 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(1) Katella konaensts Sykes.
Kalella konaensts Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1

Plate XI. fig. 33

vo

<p. 208.

A remarkable little shell which seems to fall between Aalel/a and Tyrochoconulus.

Has. Hawaii, Mt. Kona, at 3000 ft. (Perkins).

Fam. PHILOMYCIDAE.
TEBENNOPHORUS Binney.

Tebennophorus Binn., J. Boston Soc. tv. 1844, p. 171 (Type Lzmax carolinensis,
Bosc).

(1) TZebennophorus belineatus Benson.

Lnevlaria bilineata Benson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1x. 1842, p. 486.

Philomycus bilineatus Benson, Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Mollusca, p. 16,
ple vaste. or:

Tebennophorus australis Bergh ?, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 50.
Tebennophorus striatus Hasselt, Collinge, 4 ¢c. p. 295.

Has. Oahu, Mount Tantalus, Honolulu at 2000 ft.—Kauai, Lihue at 2000 ft.—
Hawaii, Olaa at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

See Collinge, J. Malac. vit. 1900, p. 80.

(2) TZebennophorus striatus Hasselt.

Meghimatium striatum Hasselt, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. ur. 1824, p. 82.
Tebennophorus striatus Hasselt, Collinge, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 50.
Has. Oahu, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

Fam. ENDODONTIDAE.

Enpoponta Albers.

Exndodonta Alb., Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 89 (first species /elix lamellosa, Fér.) ;
Op. cut. Ed. 2, 1860, p. 90 (‘‘typus Helix lamellosa, Fér.”).

MOLLUSCA 287

(1) Lxdodonta apiculata Ancey.

Endodonta apiculata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 189.
Has. Kauai, Dr Newcomb (Ancey).

(2) Lxdodonta lametlosa Férussac.

Flelix lamellosa Feérussac, Hist. Moll. 1. p. 369, pl. tr a, fig. 3; Quoy and
Gaimard, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 469, Pfeiffer, Conchylien-Cabinet, He/zx,
p- 197, pl. c. figs. 6-—8.

Felix fricki Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 21, pl. xu. fig. 3.

According to Mérch (J. Conchyl. xm. p. 395) this species ‘‘dépose ses ceufs
dans l’ombilic.”

The teeth or lamella seem to be variable ; some specimens shew traces of a second
tooth in the upper portion of the outer lip, thus having nine teeth in all. Considerable
variation is also shewn in the relative proportions of height and breadth, and in the
width of the umbilicus.

Has. Oahu (Pease, Ancey); Waianae Mts. and Konahuanui (Baldwin); Mt.
Kaala.—Lanai Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(3) Lxdodonta laminata Pease.

Flelix laminata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 292.

According to the diagnosis this differs from the last by being spirally sculptured
as well as transversely ribbed, thereby becoming decussated. The teeth appear to
be identical in number and position and I believe it will, eventually, only prove to be a
local race.

Tryon (Man. Conch. Ser. 2, m1. p. 70) considered it to be a form of £. cavernula,
Hombr. and Jacq., stating “I have before me two trays of shells named Hedex
laminata Pease, from the ‘Sandwich Is.,’ one of them from the describer, which
undoubtedly represent the same species.” Since the two forms differ, from the
diagnoses, so widely in the armature, there must, I think, be some error.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Kahiliwi to Haena (Baldwin).

288 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Sub-genus THaumatopon Pilsbry.

(4) L£xndodonta (Thaumatodon) contorta Férussac.

‘Helix contorta Férussac, Hist. Moll. 1. p. to, pl. ur a, fig. 2

flelix intercarinata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 18.

Specimens found by Mr Perkins, and which I refer to this species, appear to shew
considerable variation and may be divided as follows :

A. Six specimens, fairly typical in shape and size, but only one is furnished with
five palatal teeth, the others having four.

B. One specimen, darker in colouration, the colour markings being very distinct,
palatal teeth five, these being remarkably incrassated.

C. A long series (from Makaweli), larger, slightly more strongly sculptured and
very variable in colouration, sometimes the dark brown colour predominating, at others
a greenish yellow. All appear to have four palatal teeth only.

Has. Oahu (various authors).—Kauai (Perkins).

(5) L£xdodonta (Thaumatodon) hystricella Pfeiffer.
Flelix hystricella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 25.

The original examples of this unfigured species, referred to as in Mus. Cuming,
do not appear to be now in the British Museum. Two specimens found by Mr Perkins

agree well with Pfeiffer’s diagnosis and dimensions ; they also accord in the number of
teeth.

Has. Kauai (Pease).—Oahu, Kaala (Perkins).

(6) L£xdodonta (Thaumatodon) nuda Ancey.

Endodonta (Thaumatodon) nuda Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. (1899), p. 268,
pl Xin fig; #2

Has. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(7) Lndodonta (Thaumatodon) ringens Sykes.
Endodonta ( Thaumatodon) ringens Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. 1. (1896), p. 126.
Plate XI. figs. 39, 4o.

In describing this species, I referred to it as having four teeth within the outer
lip; perhaps it would be more correct to say ‘‘one basal tooth and three within the

MOLLUS CA 289

The ribs appear to be at varying distances apart. The Molokai specimens

outer lip.”
appear to belong to a large variety.

Has. Lanai Mountains, behind Koele-—Molokai in wet forest above Pelekunu
(Perkins).

(8) Lxdodonta (Thaumatodon) rugata Pease.

Helix rugata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 291.

Has. Maui (Pease).

Sub-genus Nesopuita Pilsbry.
The following table may assist in separating the species of Mesophzla.

A. Parietal lamellae absent.—Z. cafzllata Pease.
B. Parietal lamella single.-—£. decussatula Pease; E. elisae Ancey; £. jugosa

Mighels; £. danazensts Sykes; £. stellula Gould.
C. Parietal lamellae two.—Z. dcxarza Pfeiffer; Z. hystrzx (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer ;

EL. paucicostata Pease.
D. Parietal lamellz several... daldwint Ancey; £. distans Pease; E. tara

Mighels.
(9) ndodonta (Nesophila) baldwint Ancey.

Charopa baldwint Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 176
Mons. Ancey also records a white variety.
Has. Hawaiian Islands (Ancey).
(10) L£xdodonta (Nesophila) binaria Pfeiffer.

Flelix binarza Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 33.

I am unable to trace the type of this species, which should have passed with
Cuming’s collection into the British Museum.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

(11) L£xdodonta (Nesophila) capillata Pease.

Flelix capitlata Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 29

2

Has. Kauai (Pease).
38—2

290 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(12) Lxndodonta (Nesophila) decussatula Pease.

Felix decussatula Pease, Amer. J. Conch. u. (1866), p. 291.
Has. Molokai (Pease); Mountains at 4ooo ft. (Perkins).

Mr Baldwin gives ‘‘ Kauai” as the habitat, but, since he marks it as a species he
has not seen, I think there is probably some error.

(13) L£xdodonta (Nesophila) distans Pease.

Hehx distans Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 290.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

(14) &xdodonta (Nesophila) elisae Ancey.

Pitys elisae Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vr. (1889), p. 180.
Unknown to me.

Has. ? Hawaiian Islands (Ancey).

(15) L&xdodonta (Nesophila) hystrix (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Flelix hystrix Pfeiffer, Symb. Hist. Hel. m1. p. 67; Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll, pl. iv. fig. 52™.

Flelix setigera Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. p. 174 [nec Sowerby].

It is, of course, not the Helzx hystrix of Cox, an Australian species.

Has. Oahu (authors); Mount Kaala, Oahu (Perkins).

(16) L£ndodonta (Nesophila) jugosa Mighels.

Felix gugosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. m1. (1845), p. 19.
Flelix rubiginosa Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1846), p. 173; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. tv. p. 49.

The two forms were first united by Pease', who stated that the synonymy was
accepted by Gould; recently Mons. Ancey? has revived &. rudig?nosa as a species,
referring to it some shells from Oahu. In this state of conflict I have followed Pease,
considering that he and Gould were in the best position to form an opinion.

Has. Kauai, Waioli to Kapaa (Baldwin); Kauai (Perkins, etc.).

" J. Conchyl. x1x. (1870), p. 95.
* Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 179.

MOLLUSCA 291

(17) Lndodonta (Nesophila) lanatensis Sykes.

Endodonta (Nesophila) lanaiensts Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 127.

Plate XI. figs. 37, 38.

Specimens from Kauai which I refer to this species are strongly hispid in the
young state, but with age the hairs appear to be rubbed off; none of those from Lanai
are very young, and only traces of hairs can be seen. The species appears to be near
E. decussatula, but it almost lacks decussation and is darker in colour ; the interstices of
the ribs are closely, finely, striate. Save for the presence of a parietal lamella, the
Kauai specimens approach Pease’s diagnosis of £. capzllata.

Has. Lanai Mountains, behind Koele.—Kauai, Makaweli, on Dracaena and
Chetrodendron (Perkins).

(18) L£xdodonta (Nesophila) paucicostata Pease.
Flelix paucicostata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 395.
Helix filocostata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 454.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

(19) L£xdodonta (Nesophila) stellula Gould.

Helix stellula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1844), p. 174; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll, pl. iv. fig. 52t.

Has. Maui (Gould).

(20) Lndodonta (Nesophila) tiara Mighels.
Helix tiara Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19; Kuster, Conch.-Cab. edzx,
pl. cxxv. figs. 9—1I.
According to Mons. Ancey! this species possesses several parietal lamelle ; if so,
the character has been omitted from the various diagnoses,

Has. Kauai (various authors).

(21) L£xdodonta (Nesophila), sp.

Two interesting little specimens with a depressed spire were found on Molokai by
Mr Perkins, the exact habitat being ‘‘ Forest above Pelekunu”; they have 4—44 whorls,
with two parietal lamella and no teeth within the other lip, but appear not to be adult.
Has. Molokai.

* Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 175.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

to
‘oO
cS)

Preropiscus Pilsbry.
Type, P. wesleyt Sykes.
(1) Pterodiscus digonophorus Ancey.
Patula digonophora Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 171 ; Sykes,

P. Malac. Soc. London, ur. pl. xm. figs. 9—11.
Has. Oahu (Ancey); Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).

(2) Pterodiscus petasus Ancey.

Pterodiscus petasus Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, mt. (1899), p. 268, pl. xm.
fig. 4.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Ancey).

(3) Pterodiscus wesleyt Sykes.

Endodonta (Pterodiscus) wesleyt Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 127.

Endodonta (Pterodiscus) alata Pfeiffer, Pilsbry, Man. Conch. (2) 1x. p. 36, pl. rv.
fig. 44 [nec Helix alata, Pfeiffer].

Has. Hawaiian Islands.

The following two species, placed in this group by Mr Pilsbry'’, with the habitat of
Hawaiian Islands, are unknown to me. They were originally described from “ Islands
of the Central Pacific” by Pease: the first has been recorded from Tahiti, but never
again found there, and Mons. Ancey has suggested a Hawaiian origin; the second has
been localized as from (?) Lanai. They are Hex prostrata and A. depressiformis
(P.’ Zool. Soc.) London;: 1864, %p.. 670):

Pan, HELICIDAE.

Papuina von Martens.

Papuina Mart., Die Heliceen, Ed. 2, 1860, p. 166 (type Helzx ituus, Lesson).

(1) Paputna barnaclet Smith.

Flelix (Merope?) barnaclet Smith, Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 242.
I am informed that careful search has been made, in the neighbourhood indicated,
but that no trace of the species can be found. At present, bearing in mind on the one

' Man. Conch. (2) 1x. p. 36.

MOLLUSCA 293

hand the improbability of a species of Pafuzna occurring in Hawaii, and on the other
the positive statement of the original collector, | can but include it, with this note of
warning.

Has. Hawaii, eight miles from Kailua (Smith).

Evutora Hartmann.

Eulota Hart., Erd- und Susswasser Gasteropoden, p. 179 (type Melia /ruticum,
Miill.). The date usually given is 1842, but the title-page of the copy in the British
Museum bears that of 1840.

(1) £ulota stmilarts Feérussac.

Flelix stmilaris Férussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 47 (zo. sol.); Hist. Moll. 1. p. 171,
pl. xxv. B, figs. 1—4, xxvu.a, figs. I1—5.

A widely scattered species; presumably not indigenous.

Has. Kauai (Pilsbry).—Oahu, Tantalus (Perkins).

The following have been described under the term /e/zx and recorded from the
Islands.

Flelix fornicata Gould, P. Boston Soc. u. (1846), p. 172.

Supposed to come from Kauai. Tryon notes’: ‘In the corrigenda to the Mollusca

of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, Dr Gould states that the only specimen was lost,
and //. tongana Quoy, figured by the artist for this species.”

Flelix sandwichensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1849, p. 128.
Appears to be the young of a South American Systrophia.
Hehe \cxascria Ptettter, P= Zool. Soc, London, 1856, p: 32:

Only a fragment of the type remains; it has never been figured.

Fam: PUPIDAE-
Pura Draparnaud (1801).

Pupa Drap., Tabl. Moll. France, pp. 32, 56 (first species Zurbo muscorum L.) ;
1805, Hist. Moll. France, p. 59.

There appears to be a Pupa of Lamarck of even date (Syst. anim. sans Vert.
p. 88) with Zwrbo uva as type; also, through the kindness of Mr Sherborn, I have

1 Man. Conch. (2), 111. p. 27.

204 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

examined the I/usewm Boltentanum, Ed. 1. 1798, and Bolten proposed Pufa (p. 110)
for Voluta flammea and V. solidula. The first species belongs to Actaeon (1810) and
the second is the type of Sodidula (1807). If, therefore, Bolten’s names are to be
used, Ppa Drap. cannot stand unless it prove to be the same as Pupa Humphrey,
1797 (Mus. Calonnianum).

An excellent study of the Pupidae of Oceania has been written by Dr Boettger ;
the attention of subsequent authors does not appear to have been sufficiently directed
to this paper.

(1) Pupa acanthinula Ancey.
Pupa acanthinula Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 709.
Has. Oahu, Makiki (Ancey).
(2) Pupa admodesta Mighels.
Pupa admodesta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. u. (1845), p. 19; Boettger, Conch.
Muttheil. 1." p. 58, pl xin, fig. 15:
Has. Oahu (Mighels).
(3) Pupa bacca Pease.
Pupa bacca Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462.
Has. Hawaii, Kalapana (Pease).
(4) Pupa costata Pease.
Pupa costata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462.
Has. Hawaii (Pease).
(5) Pupa lyonstana Ancey.

Pupa lyonstana Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p.

“NI
=
a5)

Has. Oahu, Punahou (Ancey).

(6) Pupa lyrata Gould.

Pupa lyrata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1843), p. 139; Boettger, Conch. Mittheil.
i, P.O, pl. XID Gos 17:

Pupa striatula Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 461.

Pupa magdalenae Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 716.

MOLLUSCA 295

I follow Dr Boettger in placing P. striatula with P. lyrata, and have added
P. magdalenae, since the character of two parietal teeth, on which Mons. Ancey lays
special stress, is found in some undoubted specimens of P. Zyrata.

Has. Hawaii (Pease).—Oahu (Baldwin); Palaina (Ancey).

(7) Pupa mirabilis Ancey.

Pupa mirabilis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vit. (1890), p. 339.
Has. Oahu (Ancey).

(8) Pupa newcomdb: Pfeiffer.

Pupa newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 [1854], p. 69; Kuster, Conch.-
CabaLpa, plexes fes.23,724:.

Pupa costulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462.

Has. Hawaii (Pease, Baldwin)—Oahu and Kauai (Baldwin) [sed quaere, E.R.S.].

var. seminulum Boettger.

Pupa newcombi var. seminulum Boettger, Conch. Mittheil. 1. p. 58, pl. xu.
fig. 14.
Has. Probably Hawaii (Boettger).

(9) Pupa pediculus Shuttl. var. xacca Gould.

Vertigo nacca Gould, P. Boston Soc. vir. (1862), p. 280.

Dr Boettger has pointed out that this is only a form of P. pediculus, Shuttleworth
(Bern. Mittheil. 1852, p. 296), and barely of varietal rank. The typical form appears
not to be found in the Hawaiian Islands.

Has. Hawaii (Gould).

(10) Pupa perlonga Pease.

Pupa perlonga Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 462; Boettger, Conch.
Mitte is p. 60, pl. xii figs 16.
Only two specimens, which I refer here with some hesitation, since the teeth are
rather obscure.
Has. Oahu (Pease).—Kauai, Makaweli (Perkins).

ie eno 39

296 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

Fam. ACHATINE LLIDAE,

The various species of this family form probably one of the most puzzling groups
of land-shells known: numerous ‘species’ have been described, founded almost entirely
on shell colouration or banding, and this, bearing in mind such protean forms as Tachea
nemoralis or Polymita picta, is a course which often leads to endless trouble. At present,
such genera as Achatinella s.s. and Achatinellastrum are in utter confusion, and any
attempt at a list of species simply reflects the general view of the writer and cannot be
regarded as authoritative.

Of recent years some species have been described, based on shell-colouration com-
bined with that of the mantle, but it should be remembered that some malacological
characteristics are frequently as liable to variation as are conchological ones. The
severance of species by consideration of habitat is, again, not a necessarily certain
guide, since one species of mollusc may range widely, while at different points of its
range, local variations may occur.

The history of the Achatinellidae in literature commences with Dixon’s description
of Turbo apexfulva ; subsequently stray species were described by various authors, but
no serious attempts were made at their study until about 1850-60, when Newcomb and
Pfeiffer added greatly to our knowledge. To Mr Gulick, in 1858, we owe large addi-
tions to the catalogue—so far as names go—but his views of species were somewhat
too narrow, and he described many trifling variations as species, mainly on the ground
of geographical range. Later, Pease did useful work and gave a catalogue of the family.
Dr Hartman, in 1888, listed the known forms in a similar way. Of recent years Mr
Baldwin has done the chief work on the group, and his very valuable catalogue has been
of great assistance.

Numerous genera and sections have been described, almost all on purely concho-
logical grounds, and so variable are the forms that linking species are easily found.
Still they prove useful in the arrangement of species and therefore have been admitted
in this work. |

A list of them arranged in chronological order may be of use.

1828. Achatinella Swainson, Q. J. Sci. Lit. and Arts, p. 81.
1847. Leptachatina Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. p. 201.

1854. Partulina Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1 p. 114.

1854. Newcoméca Pfeiffer, ¢. c. p. 117.

1854. Bulimella Pfeiffer, 4 ¢c. p. 119.

1854. Lamenella Pfeiffer, ¢. c. p. 126.

1854. <Achatinellastrum Pfeiffer, 4. ¢c. p. 133.

1854. Ladbzella Pfeiffer, 2. ¢. p. 142.

MOLLUSCA 297

To554 Caveza Wage A. Adams, Gen, Rec. Moll. 1. p.. 132.

MOSQeweasi7 a, WdeOn EN. NGATMS, «21.6. Pp. 137.

1855. Auriculella Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1. p. 3.

ROS 5a Livuceedia. Pieler 2. 6p. 3:

1860. Apex Martens, Die Heliceen, p. 248.

1870. Edurnella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 647.
1870. Perdicella Pease, ¢. ¢c. p. 649.

1875. Carinella Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. tv. p. 116.

1899. Thaanumia Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 269.
1899. Baldwinia Ancey, ¢. ¢. p. 270.

Mr Pilsbry’s remark, that the use of Férussac’s term /7eZzcteres “ would open the
door to an endless series of vagaries in nomenclature,” appears to me to be thoroughly
justified ; for the converse view see Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 3. The
Achatinella of Schliiter (1838) appears to be a mixture of Aerussacza and allied groups.

Our knowledge of the anatomy is due primarily to Bland and Binney, who pointed
out that the Achatinellidae may be divided into two main groups based on the cha-
racters of the radula and jaw; also that Cave/za, while it agrees in the radula with the
Leptachatina and Amastra group, differs in the characters of the jaw. Heynemann has
also written on the subject, and recently notes have been published by Messrs Gwatkin,
Pilsbry and Suter. Mr Pilsbry has recently! stated with reference to Partuda and
Achatinella that “these forms have no relations with the Bulimulidae and Achatinidae,
with which conchologists associate them, but lie at the base of the terrestrial pulmonate
teow

The classification here adopted is:

Genus Achatinella. Subgenn. Achatinella s.s. (Syn. Apex.) Bulimella. Partu-
lina. (Syn. Baldwinia.) Achatinellastrum, (Syn. Lburnella.)

Genus Perdicella.

Genus evwcomnbta.

Genus Amastra. Subgenn. Amastra s. s. Laminella. Amastrella, n. subgen.
Kauaia, n. n. | Cartnella, Pfr., nec Sby. |

Genus Lefptachatina.

Genus 7haanumta.

Genus Carelza.

Genus Auriculella.

Genus /rickella.

1 Ann. nat. Hist. tv. (1899), p. 156.

FAUNA HAWATIIENSIS

to
‘oO
ioe)

ACHATINELLA Ss. str.

Synonym. Afexr von Martens.

Well has Dr Hartman remarked, that the species of this group “are involved in
almost inextricable confusion.” Our ignorance of the animal in most forms, combined
with the fact that authors have described frequently from single specimens, or from
series of two or three, entirely at present prevents one ascertaining the true specific
limits.

In the one or two instances where I have attempted ‘lumping,’ the results are due
to a long series of specimens in which I have been unable to arrive at a definite break
between the one ‘species’ and the other.

The conclusions I have drawn are founded on Newcomb’s and Pfeiffer’s type
specimens ; specimens compared with Gulick’s types; further a few of the types de-
scribed by Mr Smith; and, finally, the specimens collected by Mr Perkins and a collec-
tion formed by Mr Hutchison.

All the species of this group are confined to the Island of Oahu.

(1) Achatinella albospira Smith.

Apex albospira Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 77, pl. x. fig. 8.

Unknown to me; it has been united by Dr Hartman with A. turgida Newc.
[ =A. cestus Newc.].

Has. Oahu, Ewa.

(2) <Achatinella apexfulva Dixon.

Turbo apex fulva Dixon, Voyage round the world, 1789, p. 344, figd. on an un-
numbered plate.
Turbo luguéris Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. x1. 1795, p. 278, pl. ccrx. figs. 2059,
2060.
Cochlogena (Flelicteres) lugubris Chemnitz, Feérussac, Prodrome, p. 60, no. 431.
Monodonta seminigra Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. vi. (1822), p. 37.
Achatinella pica Swainson, Zool. Ill. MWod/. ser. 1. pl. xcrx. fig. 1.
Has. Oahu, Kawailoa (Baldwin).
Dixon was thoroughly binomial, as a reference to his work will show : his figures
are good, and the only point that can be made against the utilization of his name is that
it appeared in three words. This, probably, was a printer's error, or a slip, as other

names in the same work are proper, and suitable descriptions are given.

MOLLUSCA 299

(3) Achatinella apicata (Newcomb MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella apicata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 210.
Has. Oahu, Halemano (Perkins).

var. polymorpha, Gulick.

Apex polymorpha Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 81, pl. x. fig. 5.

Has. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Ahonui (Gulick); Kawailoa Gulch, and above
Ewa (Perkins).

var. vespertina Baldwin.

Achatinella (Apex) vespertina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 219 [shell and
animal], pl. x. fig. 14.

Has. Oahu, Kawailoa (Baldwin); from a ridge between Waala and Kawailoa
Gulches (Perkins).

var. alba, var. n.

Shell snow-white, save for the peristome being margined with lilac, similar tinting
appearing on the columella plait, and inside the outer lip at its junction with the body-
whorl of the shell.

Has. Oahu, near head of Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

A fine series of this species. It appears to be distinct from A swzftz Newc.
[=A. cestus Newce. var.], to which Newcomb subsequently referred it, and the type of
which I have examined. The shell is larger, different in form, and more polished, the
ground colouring darker, and the banding not so conspicuous in the typical form:
the protoconch is in general brown, and but rarely white. The prevailing tint
is brown, sometimes becoming black with a white area below the suture, rarely
altogether snow-white. A few, from near Kawailoa, are tinted with lilac on an
ashy ground, occasionally having a chestnut sutural line; these form a passage to
A. vespertina Baldwin, in which the lilac tint has changed to cream-colour. This
latter is the only form in which the animal appears to have been noticed.

(4) <Achatinella bicolor (Gulick) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella bicolor Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. tv. 1859, p. 520.
Near, apparently, to A. cookez Baldwin.

Has. Oahu, Lehui (Pfeiffer).

300 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Achatinella cestus Newcomb.

Achatinella cestus Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132, pl. xxi.
fig. 8.

Achatinella turgida Newcomb, tom. cit. p. 134, pl. xx. figs. 10, toa.

Has. Oahu, Palolo and Ewa (Newcomb); Ewa and Halemano (Perkins).

var. swzftit Newcomb.

Achatinella swiftii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 133,
pl. xx. fig. 9; Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 325 [animal].
Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) valida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,
pl. xxx. fie. 24-
Apex flavidus Gulick, of. czt. 1873, p. 80, pl. x. fig. 1.
Apex tuberans Gulick, tom. cit. p. 81, pl. x. fig. 3.
Apex tiliaceus Gulick, tom. cit. p. 79, pl. x. fig. 4.
Apex turbiniformis Gulick, ¢om. cet. p. 81, pl. x. fig. 7.
Has. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb); as A. flavedus, Kalaikoa and Ahonui (Gulick) ;
as A. tuberans, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Wahiawa and Halemano (Gulick); as A. ¢urédz-
niformis, Kalaikoa and Lehui (Gulick).

var. forbesiana Pfeiffer.

Bulimella forbesiana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5, pl. xxx. fig. 16.

Apex gulickit Smith, doc. cet. 1873, p. 78, pl. 1x. fig. 19 [von 17].

Hap. Oahu as A. gulickit, Kalaikoa, Ahonui and Waialei (Smith).

The type form has the bands interrupted; in the variety swzf¢zz they are continuous
and almost confluent, recalling a dwarf A. dugudris. From the variety swz/tzz, given a
fair number of specimens, we may pass by slight variations up to a nearly white shell
with hardly a trace of banding. One specimen is light yellow and almost unmarked
except the latter half of the last whorl, which is strongly banded with dark brown (Plate
XI. figs. 6, 7). The general brown colouring is more persistent in the variety than in
the typical form. The variety /fordeszana is somewhat more elongate and slightly
differently banded and coloured.

(6) <Achatinella cooket Baldwin.
Achatinella (Apex) cooker Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 220, pl. x. fig. 15
[shell and animal]; Suter, 4 ¢c. p. 239 [radula].

Has. Oahu, Waiau (Baldwin).

MOLLUSCA 301

(7) Achatinella decora Férussac.

Cochlogena (ffelicteres) decora Férussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 60, no. 430.
Turbo lugubris sinistrorsus Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. xt. 1795, p. 307, pl. ccxim.

figs. 3014, 3015.
Achatinella perversa Swainson, Quart. Journ. Sci. &c. 1. 1828, p. 84; Zool. Ill.
1833, ser. 11. pl. xcix. fig. 2; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. 1858,

p. 309 [animal ].
Achatinella concedens Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York vi. 1858, p. 234, pl. vim.

fig. 54.

Has. Oahu, Halemano, Waimea.

var. leucophaea Gulick.
Apex leucophaeus Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 82, pl. 1x. fig. 16.
Has. Oahu, Waialei.

var. xeglecta Smith.

Apex neglectus Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 78, pl. 1x. fig. 22.
Apex coniformis Gulick, tom. cet. p. 81, pl. 1x. fig. 17.

Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Halemano (Smith, Gulick).

var. versicolor Gulick.

Apex versicolor Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 80, pl. 1x. fig. 18.
Has. Oahu, Ahonui, Kalaikoa.

var. zuznotabilzs Smith.

Ww

Apex innotabilis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 78, pl. 1x. fig. 2
Has. Oahu.

subspecies mstelina Mighels.

Achatinella mustelina Mighels, P. Boston Soe. 11, 1845, p. 21; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Achatinella, pl. m1. fig. 21; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 313
[animal |.

Has. Oahu, Waianae, Kaala.

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

ios)
fe)
nN

var. leucorraphe Gulick.

Apex leucorraphe Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 79, pl. x. fig. 2.

Has. Oahu, Kalaikoa.

var. cznevosa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Bulimella) cinerosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2,
plixxx. fig 5.
Has. Oahu.

It is with much diffidence that the above ‘lumping’ has been attempted. While
not very difficult as a general rule to identify single specimens, I have been unable to
divide the long series of specimens which, partly collected by Mr Perkins and partly by
Mr Hutchison, have passed through my hands. Shape, colour, and form, seem to be
as nothing, and one passes by infinitesimal graduations from one so-called species to
another. True it is that the animals are said to differ in colour, but this alone is not, in
my opinion, sufficient for a specific character ; even if it be so, it can, in general, only
avail the field naturalist, and not the Museum student.

The variety zeg/ecta Smith is not really so greenish as represented in the original
figure ; fig. 23 on the same plate gives a better idea of the real colour.

Férussac appears to have confounded more than one distinct form under his decora ;
the name has therefore been here used for the species he first referred to.

(8) Achatinella dolium Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Bulimella) dolium Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5, pl. xxx.
fig. 1
Has. Molokai (Baldwin).

I fancy this habitat must be wrong and that the species really belongs to Oahu;
the shell is very close to A. hanleyana Pf., and may prove to be only a colour variety.

n

(9) Achatinella hanleyana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Bulimella) hanleyana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 202.

Related to the form of A. ovata described as A. xobzlis, and may prove to be an
extreme variety.

Has. Oahu.

MOLLUSCA

is)
e)
ios)

(10) <Achatinella lorata Férussac.

Fflelix (Cochlogena) lorata Férussac, Prodrome, 1822, p. 60.

Achatina lorata Férussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 1. p. 193, pl. civ. figs. g—11.
Achatinella lorata Férussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, tv. p. 310 [animal] ;
Semper, Reis. im Philippinen, Landmollusken, pl. xvi. fig. 23 [anatomy |.

Achatinella alba Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 11. 1839, p. 58 [omen solume |].
Achatinella pallida Nuttall, Jay, doc. cet. ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 2.
Achatinella (Bulimella) nobilis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 202.
Achatinella ventrosa Pfeiffer, of. cz¢. 1855, p. 6, pl. xxx. fig. 20.

Non A. 4orvata Férussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 6.

A very variable shell, with or without colour bands, and, occasionally, pure white.

Has, Oahu (various authors); Manoa to Halawa (Baldwin); Nuuanu, Head
of Panoa Valley, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

(11) Achatinella multrilineata Newcomb.

Achatinella multiiineata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 138,
Pl ext Hes 23.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mountains (Baldwin); Koolau poko (Newcomb). Dr
Hartman referred. this species, apparently by error, to Maui.

(12) <Achatinella napus Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) napus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5,
plea hie. m0:

Achatinella (Bulimella) concavospira Pfeiffer, of. cit. 1859, p. 30.

Apex leucozonus Gulick, of. czt. 1873, p. 83, pl. x. fig. 6.

Has. Oahu.

I regret to be unable to agree with Newcomb that 4. napus is the same as
A. pulcherrima Swainson. A. concavospira seems to be only an elongate variety ; the
types of both species are in the British Museum (Natural History).

(13) <Achatinella ovum Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) ovum Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 334.
Has. Oahu.
Fa Ee. 11. 40

304 FAUNA HAWATIIENSIS

(14) <Achatinella pulchella Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) pulchella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,
Ole oot, Mites Oe

A small species, very variable in colour, with a blunt apex, and somewhat
depressed in form.

Has. Oahu, mountains behind Ewa (Perkins).

(15) Achatinella sordida Newcomb.

Achatinella sordida Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pl.
SEE os 27s
Some specimens run very close to A. decora Fer.

Has. Oahu, Lihue (Newcomb).

(16) Achatinella swainsoni Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Bulimella) swainsoni Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 4, pl.
KOCKUn LI Cemnae
Newcomb suggested that this might be only a form of 4. sordida; it appears,
however, to be distinct, being broader, brown in general coloration, and having a
brown, in place of a white lip. It is a little doubtful, from its form, if it be correctly
placed in this group, but the sections are very artificial.

Has. Oahu.

(17) Achatinella vittata Reeve.

Achatinella vittata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, 1850, sp. 9.

Achatinella simulans Reeve, loc. cit. sp. 15.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) globosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 7,
pl xx firs os

Apex albofasciatus Smith, op. cet. 1873, p. 78, pl. 1x. fig. 21.

Apex tumefactus Gulick, tom. cet. p. 82, pl. 1x. fig. 20.

Flelix decora Férussac, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Uranie et Phys. 1824, Zool.
p. 478 [nec H. decora Fér. 1822=A. perversa Swainson],

Achatina decora Feérussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 1. pt. 2, p. 191, pl. ctv.
AOS Shy

Achatinella decora Férussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 307
| animal].

? ? Achatinella vestita Mighels, P. Boston Soc. u. 1845, p. 20.

Has. Oahu, Waheawa, Halemano, Nuuanu Valley, &c.

MOLLUSCA 305

var. cimeread, n. var.

Banding almost black on the last whorl, ash coloured on the whorl above, the
upper whorls tinted with pale brown banding above the suture, replaced by an almost
black line at the apex.

Has. Oahu, Nuuanu (Perkins).

Having examined the types of the first five species mentioned in the above
synonymy, I am unable to separate them specifically ; with a fair series of specimens
the forms shade one into another. The variety is noteworthy for its banding being
ashy and almost black, while in the typical form it is red-brown in various patterns. If
A. vestita be really this species it takes precedence in date: I have never seen a
specimen.

subgen. BuLIMeELLa Pfeiffer.

Bulimella Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1 (1854), p. 119 (as section of Achatinella, first
species A. rosea Swainson).

(18) Achatinella (Bulimella) abbreviata Reeve.

Achatinella abbreviata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 19; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. p. 317 [animal].

Achatinella bacca Reeve, loc. cet. sp. 45; Newcomb, Joc. cet. p. 318 [animal].

Achatinella nivosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132, pl.
OG ie Bite (0),

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) clementina Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855
[Reba 856i pe 205:

Has. Oahu, Palolo and Konahuanui (Baldwin); Niu (Newcomb); Head of

Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

The specimens found are of a puzzling form, shewing links between clementina and
colorata.
The animal, as described by Newcomb, seems to vary a good deal in colour.

(19) <Achatinella (Bulimella) ampla Newcomb.
Achatinella ampla Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 n854]) p: 137, pl.
2O-anly Siemens
Mr Baldwin considered this a synonym of A. colorata Rve.; the only specimen |

have seen is the type, which is somewhat injured, and I incline to place it near
A. abbreviata Rve.

Has. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb).

40—2

306 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(20) <Achatinella (Bulimella) bulimordes Swainson.

Achatinella bulimoides Swainson, Brand’s Journ. 1828, p. 85; Zool. Illustr. ser. 2,
i. pl. cvut. fig. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 8; Heynemann,
Malak. Blatt. x1v. (1867), p. 146, pl. 1. fig. 2 [anatomy].
Achatinella obliqua Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 245, pl. vu. fig. 63.
Achatinella oomorpha Gulick, ¢. ¢c., p. 246, pl. vit. fig. 64.
A. obligua was united with this species by Newcomb; Mr Baldwin, however,
gives it as distinct. This latter view may be correct, but the two forms are very
closely related.

Has. Oahu, Kahana (Gulick); Kawailoa (Baldwin).

(21) Achatinella (Bulimella) byronit Wood.

Helix byronit Wood, Index Test. Suppl. p. 22, pl. vi. fig. 30.

Achatinella melanostoma Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 132,
pl saat. fie 7.

Achatinella timbata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 252, pl. vim. fig. 70.

Achatinella mahogani Gulick, ¢. ¢., p. 254, pl. vu. fig. 72.

Achatinella pulcherrima Swainson, Zool. Ill. pl. cxxim. fig. 2; Gwatkin, P. Ac.
Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula}.

Has. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb); Ahonui, Kalaikoa (Gulick); Panoa Valley,

Halemano, and ridges between Opaeula and Kawailoa Gulches (Perkins).

var. vecta Newcomb.

Achatinella recta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pl. xxim1.
fig. 45.

Bulimella multicolor Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1855, p. 4, pl. xxx. fig. 11 [ pars, non
Hioeyat-a |.

Has. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb); Halemano and Nuuanu Valley (Perkins).

var. nzympha Gulick.

Achatinella nympha Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 251, pl. vit. fig. 69.

Has. Oahu, Ahonui, Wahiawa, Halemano, Kawailoa, Waimea (Gulick) ; Hale-
mano (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 307

The variation is, as usual in the group, very great. A long series collected by
Mr Hutchison, added to those of Mr Perkins, has led me to be unable to form any
definite break between the various described species which are here placed as varieties.
A, pulcherrima appears to be a large race in which the colouring has been broken into
bands. A. multicolor and A. recta are, | think, only dwarf varieties. The sinistral
shell figured by Pfeiffer (oc. cz¢. pl. xxx. fig. 11a) as a variety of A. multicolor
belongs really to A. ovtformis. A. nympha seems a small, elongate, almost colourless
variety, with a white lip.

(22) Achatinella (Lulimella) decipiens Newcomb.

Achatinella decipiens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153,
pLexxprignoS,7.nn. Wye: New York, vi. p. 332 |lanimalll:

Achatinella viridans Pfeiffer, Mal. Blatt. 1854, p. 121 [nec Mighels, fide New
comb |.

Achatinella planospira Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 185

Achatinella herbacea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, v1. p.

Achatinella scitula Gulick, ¢. c. p. 241, pl. vir. fig. 61.

Gooey elle O.o.a aikegatce

33) pls vil he. 52.

Has. Oahu, Kahana (Newcomb, Baldwin); Koolauloa (Hartman); Waimea,
Kawailoa, Hakipu (Gulick).

(23) Achatinella (Bulimella) faba Pfeiffer.
Achatinella (Bulimella) faba Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.

Has. Hawaiian Islands.

I cannot trace this species in the Brit. Mus. ; it seems not to have been recognized
by any recent author.

(24) Achatinella (Bulimella) glabra Newcomb.

Achatinella glabra Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pl. XxII.
fig. 215.

Achatinella frock Pfeiffer, of. cet, 1855, p. 3, pl. xxx. fig. 7.

Achatinella platystyla Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 196, pl. vi. fig. 25

Achatinella wheatleyt Newcomb, MS.

Has. Oahu, Kawailoa to Hauula (Baldwin); Koolau poko (Newcomb); Ka-
waiawa (Hartman); Kawailoa (Gulick and Perkins),

Only two dead specimens. I think A. frick?, which Newcomb placed with
Al. ovata, really belongs here ; fig. 7 a, however, belongs to A. ovata. The determina-
tion of A. wheatleyi is from specimens so named in the Brit. Mus.

308 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(25) Achatinella (Bulimella) elegans Newcomb.
Achatinella elegans Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149,
pl. xxiv. fig. (57:

Has. Oahu, Hauula (Newcomb); Hauula and Kaipapau (Baldwin).

(26) Achatinella (Bulimella) luteostoma Baldwin.

Achatinella (Bulimella) luteostoma Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 217, pl. x.

figs. 7, 8 [with a note on the animal].

Has. Oahu, Palolo to Niu (Baldwin).

(27) <Achatinella (Bulimella) lymaniana Baldwin.
Achatinella (Bulimella) lymaniana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 219, pl. x.

AGS: 125013:

Has. Oahu, Waianae mountains (Baldwin).

(28) Achatinella (Bulimella) lyonsiana Baldwin.

Achatinella (Bulimella) lyonsiana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 218, pl. x.
figs. 9—11 [with note on animal]; Suter, 4 ¢c p. 239, pl. x1 fig. 52
[radula ].

Has. Oahu, Konahuanui mountain (Baldwin).

(29) Achatinella (Bulimella) ovata Newcomb.

Achatinella ovata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 22 [May, 1853]; Z. «.
p. 324 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 130, pl. xxi. fig. 2.

Bulimella candida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pl. xxx. fig. 4.

Achatinella phaeozona Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 215, pl. vi. fig. 4o.

Achatinella spadicea Gulick, ¢. ¢. p. 247, pl. vu. fig. 65.

Achatinella lorata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 6 [nec Férussac }.

Has. Oahu, Kahana, Waianae (Newcomb); Kawailoa (Baldwin); as 4. phaeo-
zona, Keawaawa, Kailua, Olomana (Gulick) ; as A. spadzcea, Kahana (Gulick); Hauula
to Kahana (Baldwin).

Gulick’s two species are unknown to me. I follow Newcomb in placing them
here; Mr Baldwin has, however, given them rank as species.

MOLLUSCA 309

(30) <Achatenella (Bulimella) oviformis (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella oviformis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 208.
Achatinella multicolor Pfeiffer, 4c. p. 4, pl. xxx. fig. r1a [mec fig. 11, which
equals A. dyronzi, var. |.

Has. Oahu (various authors).

(31) <Achatinella (Bulimella) rosea Swainson.

Achatinella bulimoides var. rosea Swainson, Brand’s Journ. 1828, p. 85.

Achatinella rosea Swainson, Zool. Illustr. ser. 2, pl. cxxur fig. 1; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 28; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 309
[animal ].

Bulimella rosea Swainson, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 30, pl. 1. fig. 4.

A good series, including some varieties approaching A. ovata.

Has. Oahu, Wahiawa to Kawailoa (Baldwin); Waialua (Hartman); Halemano
(Perkins).

(32) <Achatinella (Bulimella) rotunda Gulick.

Achatinella rotunda Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. p. 249, pl. vit. fig. 67.
This form has, with much doubt, been allowed specific rank. In this I have
followed Mr Baldwin ; Newcomb considered it a variety of A. ovata.

Has. Oahu, Kaawa and Kahana (Gulick); Head of Kawailoa (Perkins).

(33) <Achatinella (Bulimella) rugosa Newcomb.

Achatinella rugosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 138,
ple xxIL. fig. 22:

Achatinella corrugata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 248, pl. vim. fig. 66.

Achatinella torrida Gulick, ¢. ¢. p. 250, pl. vir. fig. 68.

I strongly suspect that this will prove to be only a roughened form of A. dyronzz
Wood.

Has. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb): as 4. corrugata, Hakipu (Gulick); Kahana
(Baldwin): as A. ¢orrida, Kahana, Kaawa, Waikane, Waiolu (Gulick).

310 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(34) Achatinella (Bulimella) sowerbyana Pfeiffer.

Bulimella sowerbyana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 4, pl. xxx.
fig. 14.

var. fuscobasis Smith.

Bulimella fuscobasis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 77, pl. 1x. fig. 15.
I think Mr Smith's species is only a colour variety.

Has. Oahu (type form, authors); Mount Kaala (variety, Smith),

(35) <Achatinella (Bulimella) taeniolata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella taeniolata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 38; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Achatinella, sp. 7.

Achatinella rubiginosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [1855], p. 154,
pl. xxiv. fig. 69.

Bulimella macrostoma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pl. xxx.
fig GO.

Newcomb was of opinion that A. macrostoma was identical with A. rudczla, but,

after examining the type, I prefer to place it here.

Has. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb); Niu to Palolo (Baldwin),

(36) Achatinella (Bulimella) vidua Pfeiffer.

Bulimella vidua Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 3, pl. xxx. fig. 10.
Newcomb placed this as a synonym of A. ovata; Mr Baldwin regarded it as a

distinct species. The columellar plait is very small in the specimens in the Brit. Mus.

Has. Oahu (Baldwin, &c.).

(37) <Achatinella (Bulimella) viridans Mighels.

Achatinella viridans Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20; Newcomb, P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1854, p. 310 [animal |

Achatinella radiata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 89; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 35.

MOLLUSCA 311

Achatinella subvirens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136,
pl XXit. fig. FS:
Achatinella rutela Newcomb, t. c. p. 138, pl. xxu. fig. 21; Op. cit. 1854, p. 310
[animal]; Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 326 [animal],
Has. Oahu, Niu (Newcomb); Palolo, Niu, Konahuanui (Hartman); Nuuanu to
Waialae (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu, Waialae (Perkins).

subgen. PartuLina Pfeiffer.

Partulina Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 114.

Pfeiffer had no fixed type for his section, but the species all belong to one group,
and I would suggest that his first-named, A. vzvgulata Migh., be treated as the type.

Pease, in his review of the genus in 1869, did not alter the grouping, so far as
regards Partulina.

Mons. Ancey has recently (P. Malac. Soc. London, 111. 1899, p. 270) proposed to
place P. physa Newc., and its allies, in a new subgenus Baldwinza.

(38) <Achatinella (Partulina) anceyana Baldwin.

Achatinella (Partulina) anceyana Baldwin, P. Ac Philad. 1895, p. 223, pl. x.
fig. 16; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].

Has. Maui, Makawao (Baldwin).

(39) <Achatinella (Partulina) aptycha Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Newcombia) aptycha Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March],
igh 2OOe TiS I

Has. Hawaiian Islands. Probably from Maui.

(40) <Achatinella (Partulina) compta Pease.

Partulina compta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. 1869, p. 175.

Curiously enough some specimens collected on Maui, and sent to me by Mr
Baldwin, exactly agree with a specimen from Molokai presented by Pease to the
British Museum under this name.

Has. Molokai (Pease); Kawela (Baldwin)—Maui (Baldwin).

EES LTe 41

312 FAUNA HAWATIIENSTS

(41) Achatinella (Partulina) confusa nom. nov.

Achatinella physa Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. 1855, p. 218; Amer. J. Conch. 11.
F306, p. 214. pl xm fg. 16:

Achatinella (Partulina) physa Newcomb, Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 225
[animal ].

Nec A. physa Newcomb, 1854, q. v. (p. 316).

An inspection of the figures and descriptions given by Newcomb (P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1853, p. 152, pl. xxiv. fig. 64, and as given above) will, I think, show that
he was confusing two species, under the belief that the first description related only
to a young specimen. It therefore becomes necessary to restrict his name to the
species he first referred to, which unfortunately appears to be the same as A. hawatt-
ensts Baldwin, and to rename the other form, which, it is to be regretted, is the species
universally known as 4. fhysa. It may be noted that the habitat originally given by
Newcomb agrees with that of Hamakua given by Mr Baldwin for his 4. hawazzenszs,
whilst Kohala is a different, but adjoining, district.

Has. Hawaii, Kohala (Newcomb).

(42) <Achatinella (Partulina) crassa Newcomb.

Achatinella crassa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155, pl. xxiv.
fig. PI.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb); near Koele (Perkins).

(43) Achatinella (Partulina) dolet Baldwin.

Achatinella (Partulina) dolet Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 221, pl. x. figs. 17,
1S; outer, te p. 236, ply xp. 55 | radulal.
Belongs to the group of A. tappaniana C. B. Ad.; specimens, precisely similar to
some kindly sent me by Mr Baldwin, were identified by Mr Gulick as a variety of his
A, fasciata ( =tappaniana).

Has. Maui, Honomanu (Baldwin).

(44) <Achatinella (Partulina) dubta Newcomb.

Achatinella dubia Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 23 (May, 1853); P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 152, pl. xxiv. fig. 65.
Has. Oahu, among stones, and Waianae on bushes (Newcomb) ; Makaha Valley,
Waianae Mts (Perkins).

MOLELUSECA gus

(45) <Achatinella (Partulina) dwighttt Newcomb.

Achatinella dwightii Newcomb, Ann. Lyc., New York, vi. p. 145 (Oct. 1855);
Amer J; Concha p: 2raapl xm. fis. 9); Gwatkin, Ps Ac. Philad: 1395,
p. 238 [radula].

Closely related, apparently, to some of the varieties of 4. redfieldi Newc.

Has. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin); Mountains (Perkins).

(46) <Achatinella (Partulina) fusordea Newcomb.
Achatinella fusotdea Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 144 (Oct. 1855); Amer.
J. Conchwir. 1866; p. 273, pl. xu. fig. 8.
Has. Maui, Haleakala (Newcomb).

(47) <Achatinella (Partulina) gouldi Newcomb.

Achatinella gouldi Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 21 (May 1853); P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 129, pl. xxur. fig. 1.

Achatinella talpina Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 212, pl. vir. fig. 38 (Dec.
1856).

Achatinella myrrhea Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. tv. p. 517.

Has. Maui, on Tutui trees, Wailuku Valley (Newcomb); Wailuku (Gulick).

(48) <Achatinella (Partulina) grisea Newcomb.

Achatinella grisea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153, pl. xxv.
fig. 66.
Has. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb, &c.).

(49) <Achatinella (Partulina) hayseldent Baldwin.

Partulina hayseldent Baldwin, Nautilus, x. p. 31, July 1896.
Plate XI. fig. 2.
Belongs to the group of A. varzabzls Newc.

Has. Lanai (Baldwin); Lanaihale, near highest point of Mountains (Perkins).

(50) <Achatinella (Partulina) hornert Baldwin.

Achatinella (Partulina) hornert Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 224, pl. x. figs.
20, 21, 22; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].
Has. Hawaii, Hamakua (Baldwin).

41—2

314 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(51) Achatinella (Partulina) lignaria Gulick.

Achatinella lignaria Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 209, pl. vit. fig. 35 (Dec.
1856).
Has. Maui, Wailuku (Gulick).

var. cvocea Gulick.

Achatinella crocea Gulick, t. c. p. 211, pl. vir. fig. 36 (Dec. 1856).

I think A. crocea is only a variety; both were placed by Newcomb as synonyms
of his A. ¢erebra.

Has. Maui, Waihee (Gulick).

(52) <Achatinella (Partulina) marmorata Gould.

Achatinella marmorata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 200 (1847); U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. fig. 94; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 311 [animal];
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Achatinella adamst Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 19 (May, 1853);
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 137, pl. xxu. fig. 20 (as A. adamsiz).

Achatinella induta Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 207, pl. vit. fig. 34 (Dec.
1856).

The synonymy of this species is difficult; Newcomb united two other forms de-
scribed by Gulick from a different district of Maui; Mr Baldwin on the other hand
regards them as species. For the present I have left them, with some hesitation, specific
rank ; they are A. ustulata and A. pluméea.

Has. Maui, Haleakala (Gould); Makawao (Newcomb, Baldwin); Wailuku
(Gulick).

(53) Achatinella (Partulina) mighelsiana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella mighelsiana Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv. 1. p. 238; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc.
New York, vi. p. 319 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula];
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 40.

The typical form is a whitish shell with a single black band at the periphery ; this
single band is occasionally split into two smaller ones. Some lovely varieties were
collected by Mr Perkins, which may be tabulated as follows :

(a) White and bandless.

(8) Bandless, of a rich orange hue with strigations of a slightly darker shade,
tubercle white.

MOLLUSCA 315

(y) One-banded, the whitish shell tinted with yellow, ashy, or slaty strigations.
A few are white above the band, yellowish below, and show traces of a second band in
the umbilical area.

(5) Two- and even three-banded, ground-colouring white, tinted faintly with
ashy strigations, shell not quite so attenuate.

Has. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin) ; the Mountains (Perkins).

(54) Achatinella (Partulina) morbida Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Bulimella) morbida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.
Has. ? Oahu.

The only authority I am aware of for the exact habitat is Mr Baldwin, who gives
Oahu, but he marks it as one of the species he has not seen.

(55) Achatinella (Partulina) mucida Baldwin.

Achatinella (Partulina) mucida Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 222, pl. x. fig. 23.

A series of about 60 specimens. It is generally of an ashy colour with a dark zone
at the periphery ; smaller colour lines are also present in most specimens. The brown
stain at the base of the columellar plait is also noteworthy.

Has. Molokai, Makakupaia (Baldwin); Makakupaia, and Mountains of Molokai
(Perkins).

(56) Achatinella (Partulina) nivea Baldwin.

Has. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin).

(57) Achatinella (Partulina) perdix Reeve.

Achatinella perdix Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 43 (1850); Newcomb,
Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 317 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895,
p. 238 [radula |.
Achatinella undosa Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 205, pl. vu. fig. 33 (Dec.
1856).
A. undosa was wrongly placed by Clessin (Nom. Helic. Viv. p. 305) as a synonym
of A. radiata Gould.

Has. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin); Olinda at 4ooo ft. (Perkins).

316 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(58) <Achatinella (Partulina) physa Newcomb.

Achatinella physa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 152, pl. xxv.
fig. 64.

Achatinella (Partulina) hawaiensis Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 225, pl. x.
figs. 2426; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].

Nec A. physa Newc. subsequently.

See for notes on the synonymy under A. confusa Sykes.

Has. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Newcomb); Hamakua (Baldwin).

(59) <Achatinella (Partulina) plumbea Gulick.

Achatinella plumbea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 213, pl. vit. fig. 39.
Has. Maui, Kula (Gulick).

(60) <Achatinella (Partulina) porcellana Newcomb.

Achatinella porcellana Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 146
pl. xxin. fig. 47.

In appearance recalling a dwarf specimen of A. terebra Newc. of W. Maui; only
known to me from the type.

Has. E. Maui (Newcomb).

(61) Achatinella (Partulina) proxima Pease.

Flelicter proximus Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 6.
Partulina proxima Pease, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 27, pl. 1. figs, 22
Achatinella proxima Pease, Gwatkin, |. c. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

A fine series. A variety is interesting as showing a link towards A. theodoret
Baldwin ; it is much more slender and smaller than the typical form, generally lighter
in colour, and the colour-markings are much finer in pattern. It was found with the
typical form.

Has. Molokai, Waikolu (Baldwin); Kahanui, and mountains of Molokai
(Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 317

(62) <Achatinella (Partulina) pyramidalis Gulick.

Achatinella pyramidatis Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 204, pl. vu. fig. 32
(Dec. 1856).
Newcomb regarded this as a variety of A. perdix Reeve; not having seen speci-
mens which unite them I have left it as a species. Clessin (Nom. Helic. Viv. p.
306) placed it—erroneously—under A. marmorata Gould.

Has. Maui, Lahaina (Gulick) ; Huelo (Baldwin); Waihee (Perkins).

(63) <Achatinella (Partulina) radiata Gould.

Achatinella radiata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. 1845, p. 27.

Bulimus gould: Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. fiir Malak. 1846, p. 116.

Partula densilineata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Partula, sp. 9.

Has. ? Maui (Baldwin).

The specimens in the British Museum are labelled “Oahu”, but probably this is
erroneous and Maui is the correct habitat.

(64) <Achatinella (Partulina) redfieldi Newcomb.

Achatinella redfieldi Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (May 1853), p. 22; t. c
p. 325 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pl. xx. fig. 5;
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

The long series collected by Mr Perkins has given me considerable difficulty.
Newcomb originally gave both Maui and Molokai, Clessin (Nom. Helic. Viv. p. 306)
gave Molokai and Kauai (the latter being obviously wrong), and Mr Baldwin gives
Mapulehu, Molokai. I think Maui was a slip, due to confusion with the very closely
allied A. splendida, and that A. redfeldi is really a Molokai shell. Next arises the
question of what the typical form may be ; Newcomb states that the shell is either plain
or banded on the third whorl oxzZy, while he gives six as the number of whorls, the shell
figured being banded (as A. sp/endzda) on all the whorls. The forms I refer to this

species are:

a. Typical (Plate XI. fig. 15). Varies from nearly white to chestnut, sometimes

being particoloured.

Has. Makakupaia, Molokai (Perkins).

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

318
8B. Light to dark fawn colour, banded with brown, the lip being sometimes white.

This is the form figured by Newcomb.
Molokai, towards or above Kamalo (Perkins).

Has.
y- Lip white, shell chestnut, a white band at the periphery and often a smaller
(Plate XI. fig. 16.)

one above it, upper whorls finely tessellated.
Molokai, Makakupaia and Kamalo (Perkins).

Has.
(65) Achatinella (Partulina) rufa Newcomb.

Achatinella rufa Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 21 (May 1853); t. ¢.
p. 324 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 130, pl. xxu. fig. 3.

Has. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin) ; mountains (Perkins),
Dr Hartman gave, erroneously, Maui for this shell. The figure is not good, being
too elongate and too highly coloured: a pale variety exists.

Achatinella (Partulina) splendida Newcomb.

(66)
Achatinella splendida Newcomb, Ann, Lyc. New York, vi. p. 20 (May, 1853); P.

Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pl. xxu. fig. 4.
Achatinella baileyana Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 202, pl. vm. fig. 31

(1856).
Achatinella solida Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. tv. p. 516.
Maui, Wailuku (Newcomb, &c.) ; Lahaina and Wailuku (Baldwin).

Hap.

Achatinella (Partulina) tappaniana C. B. Adams.

(67)
Achatinella tappaniana C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. p, 126 (1850) [with var
> fig 23%

dubiosa|,

Achatinella eburnea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 199, pl. vi
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Achatinella ampulla Gulick, t. c. p. 200, pl. vi. fig. 29.

Achatinella fasciata Gulick, t. c. p. 201, pl. vir. fig
Achatinella tuba Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv.
Maui, (as A. tappaniana) Lahaina (Baldwin); (as A. edurnea) Honuaula

30.
IV. p.

97
<-):

on

Has.
(Gulick) ; (as A. ampulla and A. fasciata) Honukawai (Gulick).

MOLLUSCA 319

(68) <Achatinella (Partulina) terebra Newcomb.

Achatinella terebva Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854] p- 144, pl.
XXIII. fig. 40.

Bulimella attenuata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March], p. 4, pl. xxx.
fig. 12.

Achatinella corusca Gulick, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. Iv. p. 525.

Achatinella perforata Gulick, Pfeiffer, pag. cit.

Has. Maui; W. Maui (Newcomb); Wailuku (Hartman) ; Honokowai (Baldwin).

(69) Achatinella (Partulina) tessellata Newcomb.

Achatinella tessellata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 19;
t.c. p. 327 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 139, pl. xxi. fig.
26; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula}.

A very fine series. The forms found at Pelekunu are generally dextral and of
large size; recalling in shape and colouring A. wxgulata, but as they possess the
mottled colouring of the earlier whorls, so characteristic of the present species, I have
placed them here.

Has. Molokai, Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin); Pelekunu, Makakupata, Kahanui,
&c. (Perkins).

(70) Achatinella (Partulina) ustulata Gulick.

Achatinella ustulata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 211, pl. vu. fig.
Nec A. ustulata Newcomb MS.; fide Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1 p. 136 (=A.
colorata Reeve).

Has. Maui, Beautiful Valley (Gulick) ; Lahaina (Baldwin).

(71) <Achatinella (Partulina) variabilis Newc.

Achatinella variabilis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 154, pl.
XXIV. fig. 70.

Achatinella fulva (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, loc. cit. 1855 [1856], p. 208.

Achatinella lactea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. 1858, p. 198, pl. vi. fig. 27
[bad ].

Haz. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.); windward side on ridges facing Maui, above

Waiapaa, behind Koele, and Lanaihale (Perkins).
Hon Eien oITG

320 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

var. semicarinata Newc.

Achatinella semicarinata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156,
ploxxivs fig. 76.

From an examination of the very fine series collected by Mr Perkins, I think
Newcomb was quite right in placing A. fudva and A. d/actea in the synonymy. The
former is a straw-coloured form without banding and the latter a white form with a
reddish-brown stain in the interior of the aperture. Mr Baldwin remarks that A.
variabtlis is ‘invariably dextral,’ but sinistral specimens, typical in every other respect,
were found by Mr Perkins. In placing A. semzcarinata as a variety I have been
guided by the great difficulty I found in endeavouring to separate this form from 4.
fSulva, the type specimens of which shew traces of the carina.

Mr Perkins remarks that ‘the broader form with ridge more raised’ is ‘from
higher elevations’: it appears to be gradually replaced by the form /w/va at lower
altitudes and this latter shades into 4. varzadzlzs (typical).

Has. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.); mountains (Perkins).

(72) Achatinella (Partulina) virgulata Mighels.

Partula virgulata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. 1845, p. 20.
Achatinella virgulata Mighels, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatznella, sp. 3; Newcomb,
Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 312 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895,
p. 238 [radula].
Bulimus rohri Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. f. Malak. 1846, p. 115.
Lulimus insignis Mighels, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 3.
Has. Molokai, Kaluaaha to Halawa (Baldwin); Mapulehu and mountains
(Perkins).
It is a very variable species and the following, which I take to be a variety, is
perhaps worthy of note.

var. a. Either entirely white or slightly tinted with brown on the last whorl;
mouth varying from dusky to white; the spiral black line on the upper whorls either
present or absent.

Has. Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).

subgen. ACHATINELLASTRUM Pfeiffer.

Achatinellastrum Pfr., Malak. Blatt. 1. (1854), p. 133 (first species A. venulata
Newc.).

MOLEOGSEA 321

(73) Achatinella (Achatinellastruni) augusta Smith.

Achatinella augusta Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 74, pl ix he. 7.
Dr Hartman referred this shell, as A. angusta, to A. fulgens Newc.
Has. Oahu, Waialae, Waialupe, Palolo (Smith).

(74) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) bella Reeve.

Achatinella bella Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 17; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. p. 316 [animal]; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238
[radula |.
Pease (P. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 652) united the species, I think erroneously, with
A. polita Newc.

Has. Molokai (various authors and Perkins); Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin).

(75) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) bilineata Reeve.

Achatinella bilineata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatznella, sp. 22.
Achatinella johnsoni Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 147, pl. xu. fig. 50.
Achatinella aplustre Newcomb, t. c. p. 147, pl. xxi. fig. 51.

Has. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb) ; Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin).

(76) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) buddic Newcomb.

Achatinella buddii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155, pl. xxiv.
fig 73:

Achatinella pexa Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 197, pl. vi. fig. 26.

Achatinella plumata Gulick, t. c. p. 217, pl. vu. fig. 41.

Achatinella cesia Gulick, t. c. p. 234, pl. vim. fig. 53.

Achatinella fuscozona Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pl. 1x. fig. 9.

I follow Mr Baldwin in uniting Mr Smith’s species, with which I am unacquainted.
Dr Hartman (P. Ac. Philad. 1888) places it (on p. 32) amongst the synonyms of 4.
buddii; possibly this may be a slip as further on (p. 33) he leaves it specific rank,
remarking ‘this may be a good species, though it approaches very near to 4. fusco-
lineata, Smith,’ a comparison which appears to me inaccurate.

Has. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb); Niu, Wailupe, Waialae, Palolo, Kailua, and
Waimea (Gulick) ; Makiki, Palolo (Smith).

42—2

w&
Ln)
Ny

FAUNA HAWATIENSTIS

(77) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) casta Newcomb.

Achatinella casta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 134, pl. xxu. fig. 12.
Achatinella guncea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 230, pl. vu. fig. 49.
Achatinella cognata Gulick, t. c. p. 240, pl. vu. fig. 60.

A. cognata is only known to me from the description: I incline to think Newcomb
was right in suppressing it as a species; Mr Baldwin, however, considers it distinct.

Has. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb, Baldwin); Kalaikoa, Wahiawa, Halemano, Haiki-
puu, and Waikane (Gulick) ; above Ewa (Perkins).

(78) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) cervina Gulick.

Achatinella cervina Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 241, pl. vim. fig. 62.

Newcomb placed it as a variety of 4. ovata; Mr Baldwin, on the other hand, gives
it rank as a species and places it in Achatinellastrum. If the specimens in the Brit.
Mus. are correctly identified, it is very close to A. duddiz Newc.

Has. Oahu, Kahana (Gulick).

(79) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) colorata Rve.

Achatinella colorata Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 18; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. p. 316 [animal].
Has. Oahu, Ahuimanu (Hartman); Kalihi (Baldwin).

(80) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) concolor Smith.

Achatinella concolor Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pl. 1x. fig. 1.
Dr Hartman considered it to be a form of A. colorata Rve.
Has. Oahu, Ewa (Smith).

(81) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) cucumis Gulick.

Achatinella cucumis Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 225, pl. vit. fig. 45.

Has. Oahu, Kalihi (Gulick); Kalihi to Moanalua (Baldwin); Kaliua (sic)
(Hartman).

MOLLUSCA 323

(82) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) cuneus Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) cuneus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855,

Pp» 205;
Newcomb considered this a form of A. decipiens; Dr Hartman appears to have
been in some confusion, as he placed it (P. Ac. Philad. 1888) at p. 29 under A. deczpzens,
and at p. 30 under 4. vzvzdans. I have seen a long and characteristic series found on

the Island of Oahu by Mr Hutchison.
Has. Oahu (authors); Halawa (Baldwin) ; mountains behind Ewa (Perkins).

(83) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) curta Newce.

Achatinella curta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 144, pl. xxur. fig. 43.
Achatinella undulata Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 219; Amer. J.
Conchieain4 1866), px 216, pl. xur. figs 15); Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc! london;
Oy Da ZOO:
Achatinella dimorpha Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. p. 236, pl. vin. fig. 56.
Achatinella albescens Gulick, t. c. p. 237, pl. vit. fig. 57.
Achatinella contracta Gulick, t. c. p. 239, pl. vit. fig. 59.
Achatinella rhodoraphe Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pl. 1x. fig. 10;
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].
Achatinella pygme@a Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pl. 1X. fig. 11.
Has. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb); various localities (Gulick); Halemano,
Waipio, &c. (Smith); between Kawailoa and Waala gulches, generally between
Kawailoa and Halemano, Waimea (Perkins).

(84) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) delta Gulick.

Achatinella delta Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 231, pl. vim. fig. 50.

Newcomb considered A. de//a to be a more banded variety of A. curta Newc. ;
from the material I have seen I incline, with doubt, to leave them distinct.

Has. Oahu, Kalaikoa, Halemano, &c. (Gulick).

(85) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) diluta Smith.

Achatinella diluta Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pl. 1x. fig. 14.

It is near to, but seems distinct from, A. /zgata Smith, with which Dr Hartman
placed it.

Has. Oahu, probably (Smith).

324 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(86) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) ernestina Baldwin.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) ernestina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 217,
pl. x. figs. 5, 6 [animal described].

Has. Oahu, Nuuanu Valley (Baldwin).

(87) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) formosa Gulick.

Achatinella formosa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 235, pl. vit. fig. 55.
Has. Oahu, Waimea (Gulick).

(88) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) fulgens Newc.

Achatinella fulgens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 131, pl. xx.
fig. 24.
Has. Oahu, Niu (Newcomb); Waialua, south-east end (Hartman).

(89) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) germana Newcomb.

Achatinella germana Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pl.
XXIV. fig. 61.

Has. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb).

(90) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) juddit Baldwin.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) juddit Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 216, pl. x.
fi9S.) 3,. 4.

Has. Oahu, Halawa (Baldwin).

(91) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) lehuiensis Smith.

Achatinella lehuiensis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pl. rx. fig. 4.

I have not seen the species, but it appears from the figure to be near A. zonata
Gulick; Dr Hartman has suggested that it is a form of A. multicolor Pfr.
( = oviformrs Pfr. ).

Has. Oahu, Lehui (Smith).

MOLLUSCA 325

(92) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) gata Smith.

Achatinella ligata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pl. rx. fig. 13.

Achatinella bellula Smith, t. c. p. 77, pl. 1x. fig. 8.

I fancy these two forms are only varieties of one species; they approach A.
nympha Gulick.

Has. Oahu, Waimolu (Smith); Panoa and Nuuanu (Baldwin); ridges round
Nuuanu, Waimea, and beyond head of Panoa Valley (Perkins).

(93) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) livida Swainson.

Achatinella livida Swainson, Zool. Ill. pl. cvut. fig. 2.
Achatinella emmersonit Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156, pl.
KKMVe MOLT.

Achatinella viridans Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 25 [nec Mighels ].

Achatinella reevet C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 128.

Achatinella consanguinea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 73, pl. 1x. fig. 3.

Nec A. “vida Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 89 [ =A. vulpina Feér.].

According to Dr Hartman, Mr Smith’s species is probably a variety of A.
colorata; from the specimens I have seen, | think it rather belongs here.

Has. Oahu, Waialua (Newcomb, Baldwin); Ahuimanu (Smith).

(94) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) longispira Smith.

Achatinella longispira Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 73, pl. 1x. fig. 5.

Placed by Dr Hartman as a synonym of A. vulpina, but the present species is
much more slender in form; I should be inclined rather to refer it to the group of
A. olivacea.

Has. Oahu, Halawa, Ahuimanu (?) (Smith).

(95) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) multizonata Baldwin.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) multizonata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 215,
pl. x. figs. 1, 2 [animal described }.
The shells collected by Mr Perkins from ‘round Nuuanu’ are in no sense typical
of this species, they appear to be forms shewing links between it and 4. del/ula Smith
(=4zgata Smith) ; indeed the two may prove to be forms of one variable species.

Has. Oahu, Nuuanu Valley (Baldwin); ridges round Nuuanu and Waimea
(Perkins).

326

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(96) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) natti Baldwin and Hartman.

Achatinella nattii Baldwin and Hartman in Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 34,
pl. 1. fig. 3 [as zeaéz in explanation of plate]; Gwatkin, 1. c. 1895, p. 238.
[ radula |.

Has. Maui, Makawao to Honomu (Baldwin).

(97) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) olivacea Reeve.

Achatinella olivacea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 20.
Achatinella prasina Reeve, |. c. sp. 27.

Has. Oahu, Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin); Nuuanu and Mt. Tantalus (Perkins).

(98) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) papyracea Gulick.

Achatinella papyracea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 229, pl. vu. fig. 48.
Has. Oahu, Kalaikoa, Ahonui, Wahiawa (Gulick).

(99) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) polita Newcomb.

Achatinella polita Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 24 (1853, May); t.c.
p. 328 [animal].

Pease considered this to be identical with A. dedla,

Has. Molokai (Newcomb); Kaluaaha to Halawa (Baldwin).

(100) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) producta Reeve.

Achatinella producta Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 13; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. p. 315 [animal]; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New
York, x. p. 336, pl. xv. figs. 2, 4 [radula and anatomy].

Achatinella venulata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 146, pl. xxim.
fig. 48.

Achatinella hybrida Newcomb, t. c. p. 147, pl. xxu. fig. §2.

Achatinella dunkert (Cuming MS.) Pfeiffer, op. cit. 1855, p. 208.

u

Has. Oahu, Koolau (Newcomb, Hartman); Manoa to Nuuanu (Baldwin).

MOLLUSCA 327

(101) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) saccata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) saccata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 30.
Unknown to me.

Has. Hawaiian Isles (Pfeiffer); Oahu (?) (Baldwin).

(102) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) solitarta Newcomb.

Achatinella solitaria Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 150,
pl. xxiv. fig. 60.

Has. Oahu, Palolo (Newcomb).

(103) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) trilineata Gulick.

Achatinella trilineata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 226, pl. vi. fig. 46.
Has. Oahu, Palolo, Waialae, Wailupe, and Niu (Gulick).

(104) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) versipellis Gulick.

Achatinella versipellis Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 224, pl. vm. fig. 44.
Has. Oahu, Kailua (Gulick).

(105) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) vulpina Férussac.

Flehx vulpina Feérussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 447, pl. txvu. figs.
Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1. p. 508, pl. xxrx. figs. 3, 4 [animal }.

Achatina vulpina Feérussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 193, pl. cv. fig. 1.

Achatinella vulpina Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 29.

Achatinella castanea Reeve, |. c. sp. 24.

Achatinella adusta Reeve, |. c. sp. 30.

Achatinella virens Gulick, Ann, Lyc. New York, vi. p. 254, pl. vi. fig. 73 (1858).

Achatinella fuscolineata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 75, pl. rx. fig. 2.

Achatinella linda Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 89 [nec Swainson].

Has. Oahu, Palolo (Baldwin); Kailua, Palolo, Halawa (Smith); Manoa to

Nuuanu (Baldwin); Nuuanu Valley and Mt. Tantalus (Perkins).

125 al Ut 43

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

es
to
Co

var. stewarti Green.

Achatina stewartt Green, Contrib. Macl. Lyc. Philad. 1. (1827, July), p. 47, pl. rv.
figs. I—4.
Achatinella stewartt Green, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 26.
Achatinella pulcherrima Reeve, |. c. sp. 23, fig. a [nec Swainson].
Achatinella tricolor Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 76, pl. 1x. fig. 6.
Has. Oahu (various authors); Heia (Smith); Nuuanu and Mt. Tantalus
(Perkins).

var. crassidentata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) crassidentata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855,
ps Os plexes ioe a

Achatinella diversa Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 220, pl. vu. fig. 42
(1856, Dec.).

Achatinella varia Gulick, t. c. p. 222, pl. vu. fig. 43.

Achatinella analoga Gulick, t. c. p. 227, pl. vu. fig. 47.

Has. Oahu, Halawa (Baldwin); Halawa, Palolo, Waialae and Wailupe (Gulick) ;

Waialae and Nuuanu (Perkins).

var. Ziliacea Pfeiffer.

A chatinella (Achatinellastrum) tiliacea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859,
Pp. 3.

Has. Oahu (Baldwin),

The difficulty of arriving at a satisfactory dividing line between A. vadpina and
A. producta is very great. As at present arranged, A. vulpena is the brown shell,
var. stewarte the greenish coloured form, var. cvasszdentata the parti-coloured, and
var. /z/iacea the bandless variety; all the above being sinistral. A. producta on the
other hand is reserved for the larger and, usually, dextral form.

(106) <Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) warluaensts, sp. nov.

Testa dextrorsa, subperforata, nitida, turrita, solidula, levissime striata, alba, lineis
castaneis picta, apud peripheriam zona alba, in sutura linea nigro-castanea notata ;
anfr. 5—54, regulariter crescentes, convexi; apertura auriformis; margine columellari
plica fusca mediocri munita, margine dextro acuto, callo parietali tenuissimo. Long.
1575, alt. 84 mill. Plate XI fig. a:

A pretty little shell of the group of A. della Reeve, of Molokai. A variety also
occurred (Plate XI. fig. 20) in which the banding is almost obsolete, save in the suture
of the earliest whorls and in one strong dark band below the periphery.

Has. Maui, Wailua (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 329

(107) Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) zonata Gulick.

Achatinella zonata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 237, pl. vim. fig. 58.

Achatinella glauca Gulick, t.c. p. 232, pl. vin. fig. 51.

United by Newcomb with A. ¢rzlzneata Gulick; it appears however to have
much flatter whorls, and I follow Mr Baldwin, with some little doubt, in restoring it to
specific rank. According to Newcomb, A. glauca is a synonym of A. “vida Swain.,
but specimens in the Brit. Mus. ‘‘named from Gulick’s type” as a variety, lead me to

place it here.

Has. Oahu, Waimea, Pupukea, Waialei, Kahuku, Hauula, and Kaawa (Gulick);
above Ewa (Perkins).

The following appears to be only a manuscript name:

Achatinellastrum olesontt Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 5.

Has. Oahu, Nuuanu.

PERDICELLA Pease.

Perdicella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649.

Pease, unfortunately, having named no type, it becomes necessary to select one
and I propose to take A. helena Newc. The species come from Maui and Molokai.

(1) Perdicella fulgurans, sp. nov.

Testa subperforata, dextrorsa, ovato-turrita, nitida, sub lente lineis spiralibus
confertim sculpta, albida, strigis fulgurantibus castaneis elegantissime picta, sutura
modice impressa, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 54, plano-convexi, ultimis 3 longitudinis testae
aequans ; apertura ovato-pyriformis, intus lilacina; peristoma margine dextro simplici,
columellari subreflexo; plica columellaris torta, subprominens, mediocris, rapide
ascendens. Long. 16; lat. 8; long. apert. 8:1 ; lat. apert. 4:9 mill. (Plate XI. fig. 5.)

This very pretty shell is akin to P. zedvina Pfr., but may be readily separated
from it by its greater size, by being much broader in proportion to the length, and by
the colour-pattern being finer in design and more zigzag. The protoconch is brown,
then becoming paler with a dark shade near the sutural line. It is the Partulina

zebrina Pfr. of Mr Baldwin’s valuable catalogue.

Has. E. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin); Maui (Hutchison).

330 FAUNA HAWATIENSTS

(2) Perdicella helena Newcomb.

Achatinella helena Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vr. (May, 1853), p.27; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pl. xxiv. fig. 63.
Has. Molokai, on Ti-tree (Newcomb); Kamalo to Kalae (Baldwin); Kalae and
Makakupaia (Perkins).

(3) Perdicella mautensis (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella maniensis (sic, err. typ.) (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London,
1855 [1856], p. 207; Newcomb, Amer. J. Conch. 1. p. 217, pl. xu. fig. 16.
Has. Maui, Makawao to Huelo (Baldwin).

(4) Perdicella minuscula Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Newcombia) minuscula Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.
Has. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin).—Molokai Mts. at 4ooo feet (Perkins).

Both these habitats can hardly be correct; I suspect the former may be an error
of identification.

(5) Perdicella ornata Newcomb.
Achatinella ornata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149, pl. xxiv.
fig. 55.
Has, Maui; E. Maui (Newcomb); Lahaina (Baldwin).
(6) Perdicella theodoret Baldwin.

Achatinella (Partulina) theodoret Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 226, pl. x.

Has. Molokai, Kawela (Baldwin); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(7) Perdicella zebra Newcomb.

Achatinella zebra Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 142 [Oct. 1855].
Placed by Dr Hartman, in his list, both in Achatinellastrum and Laminella |

Has. E. Maui (Newcomb).

MOLLUSCA Zam

(8) Perdicella zebrina Pfeiffer.

Newcombia zebrina Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 202.
Has. E. Maui (Baldwin as P. zebra Newc.).

Newcomeia Pfeiffer.
Newcombia Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 117; Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London,
1869, p. 649.
Pfeiffer’s list of species was very heterogeneous and included shells of diverse

groups, his first species being A. helena Newcomb ; fortunately Pease in 1869 properly
confined the group to the shells it is now used for.

Two sections may be formed: I. Spirally lirate; MW. “vrata, etc. II. Nearly
smooth, usually more elongate; MV. cumzngz, etc.

(1) MNewcombia canaliculata Baldwin.
Achatinella (Newcombia) canaliculata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 226, pl. x.
figs. 28, 29; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 238 [radula].
Has, Molokai, Halawa (Baldwin).

(2) Mewcombia cinnamomea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella cinnamomea Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1v. 1857, p. 230.
Achatinella (Newcombia) cinnamomea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.
Newcombia cinnamomea Pfeiffer, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Conchologically this is very close to V. cuming? Newe.

Has. Molokai, Mapulehu (Baldwin); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(3) Newcombia cumingt Newcomb.
Achatinella cumingt Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vr. 1853, pe 2h Ps eZool:
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], pl. xxiv. fig. 59.
Has. Maui, Haleakala (Newcomb); Lahaina and Makawao (Baldwin).

(4) Newcombsa gemma Pfeiffer.
Achatinella gemma Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. tv. 1857, p. 323.
Achatinella (Newcombia) gemma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.
Akin to WV. 4rata Pfr., but the sculpture is almost obsolete.
Has. Molokai Mts. (Perkins).

FAUNA HAWATIIENSIS

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tN

(5) Newcombra plicata (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella plicata Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 1. 1848, p. 235; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. 1858, p. 312 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatznella,
Sp. 44.

Bulimus hiratus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [1853], p. 261.

I cannot trace the supposed description by Mighels in P. Boston Soc. as
Bulmus plicatus.

Has. Molokai, Kalae (Baldwin); Mountains (Perkins).

(6) Newcombia perkinst Sykes.
Newcombia perkinst Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. 1896, p. 130.
(Plate XI. fig. 36.)
Has. Molokai Mts. (Perkins). A fine series of this handsome shell.

(7) Newcombia pferffert Newcomb.

Achatinella pfeiffert Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 25 (May, 1853);
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 150, pl. xxiv. fig. 58.
Bulimus newcombianus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 261 [ Dec. 1853].

Has. Molokai, Kaluaaha (Baldwin).

(8) NMewcombra philipprana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella philippiana Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. tv. 1857, p. 89.
Has. Molokai, Makakupaia (Baldwin).

(9) Newcombia sulcata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella sulcata Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. tv. 1857, p. 231.
Achatinella (Newcombia) sulcata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 22.
Newcombia sulcata Pfeiffer, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].

Has. Molokai, Pohakupili (Baldwin).

MOLLUSCA

&
Ww
&

Amastra H. and A. Adams.

Amastra H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, . p. 137.
Type: the group of A. magna Ad.

This large genus may for convenience be subdivided into groups somewhat in the
following manner ; perhaps the large first section might be more broken up, though I
think no sectional name will prove necessary,

subgen. AmasTRA (s. str.).

(1) <Amastra affinis Newcomb.

Achatinella affinis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142, pl. xxi.
fee a5:

Achatinella (Laminella) goniostoma Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 203.

Amastra rustica Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pl. x. fig. 17.

Dr Hartman has suggested that 4. rustzca may equal A. variegata Pfr., an Oahu
species.
Has. E. Maui, Kula (Newcomb, Gulick).

(2) Amastra albolabris Newcomb.

Achatinella albolabris Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 149,
pl. xxiv. fig. 56.
Achatinella nucleola Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 39 [zon Gould].

One young specimen I refer to this species. See a note under A. sudbrostrata

Pie,

Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Newcomb, Perkins) ; Kapalama and Kalihi (Baldwin).

(3) Amastra anucta Smith.

Amastra amicta Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pl. x. fig. 20.

Dr Hartman notes that this species ‘“‘ may equal fefricola” ; it appears to me quite
distinct.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Smith).

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

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ios)
cs

(4) Amastra assimilis Newcomb.

Achatinella assimilis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 148,
plexxun fies 42:
Amastra assimilis Newcomb, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula}.
Achatinella deshayestt Morelet, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle, 1857, p. 27
[ pars |.
It has been suggested that this is a variety of A. xubzlosa Mighels, but the present
species is a more slender shell with much flatter whorls.

Has. W. Maui (Newcomb).

(5) Amastra aurostoma Baldwin.

Amastra aurostoma Baldwin, Nautilus, x. (July, 1896), p. 31.
Has. Lanai (Baldwin).

(6) Amastra badia Baldwin.

Amastra badia Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 230, pl. x1. fig. 4o.
Has. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin).

(7) <Amastra biplicata Newcomb.

Achatinella biplicata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 156,
ple xxiv. fig. 75.

Achatinella deshayesti Morelet, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle, 1857, p. 27 [ pars];
Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652.

Morelet’s original series, now in the British Museum, consists of three specimens,
one belonging to this species, and two to A. assimilis Newc.; his diagnosis however
refers to a form with only one columellar plait. From Mr Perkins’ long series, it
appears that the upper plait is variable and sometimes becomes obsolete; in one
specimen, which has received an injury, both plaits are dwarfed so as to show only as a
slight thickening of the columella.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb); Waiapaa and Koele (Perkins). ’

(8) Amastra breviata Baldwin.

Amastra breviata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 231, pl. x1. figs. 45, 46.
Has. Oahu, Palolo and Halawa (Baldwin).

MOLLUSCA 335

(9) Amastra citrea Sykes.
Amastra citrea Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1896), p. 129.
Plates el hea:
Has. Molokai (Hutchison).

(10) Amastra conicospira Smith.

Amastra conicospira Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pl. x. fig. ro.

Dr Hartman places this in the synonymy of 4. asszmzls Newc.; I have never
seen the present species, but from the figure it appears distinct.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Smith).

(11) Amastra contfera Smith.

Amastra conifera Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pl. x. fig. 11.
Has. E. Maui, Kula (Smith).

(12) Amastra cornea Newcomb.
Achatinella cornea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141, pl. xx1m.
fier 32
Has. Oahu, below Kaala (Perkins).

Newcomb appears not to have noted the exact habitat; the type-tablet in the
British Museum is, however, labelled ‘Oahu.’

(13) Amastra crasstlabrum Newcomb.

Achatinella crasstlabrum Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854] p. 141,
Di p<xiin fig 31:
Has. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb, &c.).

(14) Amastra cylindrica Newcomb.

Achatinella cylindrica Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 134,
pl. xxi. fig. 11; Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 325 [animal].
Haz. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

FRE: i; A4

FAUNA HAWATIIENSIS

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OV

(15) Amastra decorticata Gulick.

Amastra decorticata Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pl. x. fig. 14.

Dr Hartman has united this with A. ed/pso¢dea of Gould, from Maui, but a glance
at Gould’s figures would have shewn him their distinctness.

Has. Oahu, Kawailoa, Halemano, and various localities (Gulick); ridges of

Nuuanu (Perkins).

(16) Amastra durandt Ancey.

Amastra durandi Ancey, Naturaliste, 1897, p. 178.
Has. Oahu (Ancey).

(17) Amastra ellipsoidea Gould.

Achatinella ellipsoidea Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 200; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pl. vir. fig. 96.
A species unknown to me: Newcomb united it with his 4. pupordea, but it appears
not to be so produced in form.

Has. Maui (Gould).

(18) Amastra elliptica Gulick.

Amastra elliptica Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83, pl. x. fig. 15.
Has. Oahu, Waialei, Kahuku, Hauula, Kawailoa (Gulick) ; Waianae (Hartman).
Two specimens, collected by Mr Perkins on “ Waianae Mts. Oahu,” may belong to

a large, incrassate variety.

(19) Amastra extincta Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) extincta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856],
p. 204.

? ? Leptachatina hartmani (Newe. MS.) Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 54.

I fancy that the new name given by Dr Hartman, on the ground that recent
examples had been found, was due to an error of identification. Specimens submitted
to me under the name of A. extizncta by Mr Baldwin appear to be only a form of
A, similaris Pease.

Has. Oahu, subfossil (Pfeiffer).

MOLLUSCA 233i

(20) Amastra flavescens Newc.
Achatinella flavescens Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pl.
XXIV. fig. 62.
Has. Hawaii (Newcomb).

Dr Hartman gives also ‘‘ Wanoa, Oahu (Newcomb),” but this must be an error.

(21) Amastra frosti Ancey.
Amastra frostt Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 719; Sykes, P.
Malac. Soc. London, 1. pl. xi. fig. 12.

Mons. Ancey has also described (P. Malac. Soc. London, m. p. 269, pl. x11.
fig. 11) a variety znzcolor.

Has. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(22) Amastra grayana Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) grayana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.],
p. 204.
A single specimen. Dr Hartman has suggested that this is a form of 4. magna,

but I have not seen linking specimens. It is marked with spiral bands, due probably
to the periostracum.

Has. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881); ? Oahu (Baldwin),—Lanai,
Lanaihale, a ground shell (Perkins).

(23) Amastra humilis Newcomb.
Achatinella humilis Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143;
Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 211, pl. xm. fig. 4.
Has. Molokai, Kalae (Newcomb); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins).

(24) <Amastra inflata Pfeiffer.
Achatinella (Laminella) inflata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856]
Pp: 203:
Has. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv.); Koolauloa (Baldwin).
44—2

FAUNA HAWAIITENSTS

ios)
iss)
[o/e)

(25) <Amastra intermedia Newcomb.
Achatinella intermedia Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135,
pl xi, figs ae:

Has. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb); ridges of Nuuanu, and Waianae Mts. below
Kaala (Perkins).

A long series.

(26) <Amastra wregularis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella irregularis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 205.
Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

(27) Amastra lineolata Newcomb.
Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pl. xxi. fig. 29.
Has. Hawaii (Newcomb).

The habitat ‘Maui,’ originally given, seems to have been a slip.
oD 5 DS Pp

(28) Amastra longa Sykes.
Amastra longa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, u. (Oct. 1896), p. 129.
Plate pel figs 35:

Has. Lanai (Newcomb); windward side, apparently extinct (Perkins).

(29) Amastra luctuosa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) luctuosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],
p. 204.

Laminella luctuosa Pfeiffer, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x. pp.
335—6 | jaw and radula].

Has. Oahu, Waialee (Baldwin).

MOLLUSECA

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Ne)

(30) Amastra magna C. B. Adams.

Achatinella magna C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. p. 125, 1850; Newcomb,
Ann, Lyc. New York, vi. (1858), p. 319 [animal].

Achatinella baldwinit Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155,
ple xxiv. fig. 72:

I have seen a good series of this handsome shell.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb); behind Koele (Perkins).

(31) Amastra malleata Smith.

Amastra malleata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pl. x. fig. 18.

Mr Baldwin has united this with 4. affinzs Newcomb; I have not seen a specimen,
but, from the figure and description, they appear distinct.

Has. FE. Maui, Kula (Smith).

(32) Amastra masterst Newcomb.

Achatinella masterst Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153, pl.
xxiv. fig. 67; Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 332 [animal].

Laminella masterst Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x. p. 335,
pl. xv. figs. 7, g—11 [jaw and radula |,

Amastra masterst Newcomb, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 239 [radula].

Achatinella rubens Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1854, p. 129 [mec Gould, fide Newcomb].

Has. Maui (Newcomb); ? Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins),

Two, apparently immature, specimens, which I refer here with some hesitation.
Four specimens from ‘ Molokai Mts.” appear to me to be very close to this species.

(33) Amastra melanosts Newcomb.

Achatinella melanosts Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144,
plexoai. fie. 41,

Has. Hawaii (Newcomb).

(34) Amastra modesta C. B. Adams.

Achatinella modesta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 128.
Achatinella pumila Gulick, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 313.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Adams).—Molokai (Hartman, Baldwin).

340 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(35) Amastra moesta Newcomb.

Achatinella moesta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 157, pl. xxiv.
hig. 77.
Achatinella obscura Newcomb, t. c. p. 157, pl. xxiv. fig. 78.

According to Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651), and he is followed by
Dr Hartman (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 47), these two forms are one species. Probably
this is correct.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb).

(36) Amastra mucronata Newcomb.

Achatinella mucronata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (May 1853), p. 28;
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pl. xxi. fig. qo.

Achatinella (Laminella) fusiformis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5,
Pla XX Gr 1S.

Has. Molokai (Newcomb, Baldwin).

Newcomb, in his later paper, gave the locality of ‘Maui,’ but probably this is a
slip due to the fact that he was, as he subsequently stated, unable to see the proofs.
Two specimens, collected on Molokai by Mr Perkins, appear to belong to a dwarf race.

(37) Amastra nana Baldwin.
Amastra nana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 232, pl. x1. figs. 48, 49 [with
animal]; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].

Has. Maui, Makawao at 4000 feet (Baldwin).

(38) Amastra nigra Newcomb.
Achatinella nigra Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (Sept. 1855), p. 219; Amer. J.
Conch. 1. (1866), p. 210, pl. xi. fig. 3.

According to Clessin (Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311) A. glodosa, Gulick nec
Pfeiffer, is a synonym.

Has. E. Maui (Newcomb).

MOLLUSCA 341

(39) Amastra nubilosa Mighels.

Achatinella nubilosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. Achatinella, sp. 1; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 312
[animal ].

Achatinella nubilosa Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pl. vi. fig. 95.

Has. Molokai (Newcomb); Kalae (Baldwin).

It has been suggested, but I think erroneously, that this species comes, in reality,

from Oahu.

(40) Amastra nucula Smith.

Amastra nucula Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pl. x. fig. 19.
Has. Lanai ? (Smith).

(41) <Amastra peaset Smith.

Amastra peaset Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pl. x. fig. 13.
Has. Hawaiian Islands (Smith).—Oahu ? (Baldwin).

(42) Amastra pellucida Baldwin.
Amastra pellucida Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 231, pl. x1. figs. 41, 42 [with
animal }.

Has. Oahu, Waianae Valley (Baldwin).

(43) Amastra petricola Newcomb.

Achatinella petricola Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143;
Amer: |. Couch: im (1866))"p. 211, pl. xim. he: 6:

Achatinella (Laminella) umbilicata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [ Feb.
1856], p. 205.

Amastra umbilicata Pfr., Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pl. 1. fig. rr.

Has. Molokai (Newcomb); Mapulehu (Baldwin).

(44) Amastra porphyria Newcomb.

Achatinella porphyria Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136,
ply axa. fig. 16.

Achatinella (Laminella) grossa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],
paZO4e

Has. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

342 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(45) Amastra porphyrostoma Pease.

Amastra porphyrostoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1869), p. 172; Hartman, P. Ac.
Philad. 1888, p. 48, pl. 1. fig. 6.

Has. Oahu (Pease).

(46) Amastra pullata Baldwin.

Amastra pullata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pl. x1. figs. 31, 32;
Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].

Amastra umbrosa Baldwin, t. c. p. 229, pl. x1. figs. 36, 37 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239
[ radula ].

After an examination of the long series collected by Mr Perkins I have been
unable to sever these two species. The animals are said to differ in colour, and they
are said to inhabit different districts; conchologically they seem to shade into one
another, and the radula appears to be identical. Probably they will prove to be local
races,

Has. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin, as A. wmdbrosa); Waikolu (Baldwin, as A.
pullata); Kamalo and Makakupaia Mts. (Perkins).

(47) <Amastra pupordea Newcomb.

Achatinella pupoidea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144,
pl. xx. fig. 42.
The colouring is somewhat exaggerated in the figure. See also a note under A.
ellipsordea Gould.
Has. E. Maui (Newcomb).

(48) Amastra pusilla Newcomb.

Achatinella pusilla Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 144;
Amer.’ J. Conch, um: (t866))p, ert, ply scieeess,

Achatinella pulla (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856],
Pp- 209.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb).

MOLLUSCA 343

(49) Amastra reticulata Newcomb.
Achatinella reticulata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 148,
plixxiv. fig, 5245

Achatinellastrum conspersa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March], p. 7,
pl xxx, figs) 26:

Has. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb).

(50) <Amastra rubens Gould.

Achatinella rubens Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 27; Newcomb, Ann. Lye.
New York, vi. p. 314 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 42,
pars b [fide Newcomb].

Has. Oahu, W. Mts. (Newcomb); Kaala (Baldwin).

(51) Amastra rubicunda Baldwin.

Amastra rubicunda Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 229, pl. xr. fig. 38 [with
animal]; Suter, t. c. p. 240, pl. x1 figs. 54 [jaw], 56 [radula].
Has. Oahu, Konahuanui Mt. (Baldwin).

(52) Amastra rubida Gulick.

Amastra rubida Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pl. x. fig. 12.
Has. Oahu, Kahuku (Gulick),

(53) Amastra sericea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) sericea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.
Has. Hawaiian Isles (Pfeiffer).—? Oahu, Waialua (Baldwin). Unknown to me.

(54) <Amastra simularts Hartman.

Amastra simularis Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 252, pl. xm. fig. 7.
Amastra stmilarts Hartman, Gwatkin, op. cit. 1895, p. 239 [radula].

Has. Molokai (Hartman, Perkins); Mapulehu (Baldwin).

F. H. Il. 45

FAUNA HAWAIENSIS

var. voseotincta Sykes.

A. simularis Hartman, var. voseotincta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 130.
Plate XI. fig. 3.
Has. Molokai mountains (Perkins).

Varieties under the names of maura and semicarnea have recently been described

by Mons. Ancey (P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. p. 270, pl. xm. figs. 8, 16).

and

(55) Amastra solida Pease.

Amastra solida Pease, J. Conchyl. xvit. (1869), p. 173.
Has. Oahu (Pease).

(56) Amastra spirizona Férussac.

Helix (Cochlogena) spirizona Férussac, Prodrome, no. 433.

Achatina spirizona Fér., Hist. Moll. 1. pt. 2, p. 196, pl. civ. figs. 14, 15.

Achatinella spirizona Fér., Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. p. 307 [animal].

Achatinella acuta Swainson, Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, 1. (1828), p. 84; Zool.
MustrSerss2)) ple xix. Hoes:

Achatinella betica Mighels, MS.

Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin); Waianae Mts. below Kaala on lee side,

Halemano (Perkins).

var. nigrolabris Smith.

Amastra nigrolabris Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pl. x. fig. 9.
Has. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Waimea (Smith); Halemano (Perkins).

var. rvudis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella rudis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5 (pars).
Laminella albida Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203.

Newcombia chlorotica Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203.

Has. Oahu.

A. nigrolabris Smith, is, in my opinion, only a broader variety, in which the light

band below the suture is wider: in a box of specimens from Halemano forms are found

showing a graduation from it to the typical form. It is possible that 4. xwadzs may be

a distinct species, but I fancy it is only a paler colour variety. Mr Perkins notes that

he found the species “mostly on dead branches of trees, covering itself with mucus to

which débris of bark and wood stick, and therefore very well concealed.”

MOTIEMGS GA 345

(57) Amastra subrostrata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) subrostrata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.
Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).—? Oahu (Baldwin).

Dr Hartman suggests that this is the same as A. albolabris Newc. ; it may possibly
be an elongate variety, but I doubt it.

(58) Amastra tenulabris Gulick.

Amastra tenutlabrts Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83, pl. x. fig. 16.
Has. Oahu (Gulick, with some doubt).
Dr Hartman remarks that from ‘a comparison of types” this is a synonym of A.

fiavescens Newc. I have, equally, examined the types, and this species differs in being
stumpier, with a larger mouth, and more shouldered whorls.

(59) <Amastra tenurspira Baldwin.

Amastra tenuispira Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 232, pl. x1. fig. 51.
Has. Oahu, Kaala Mt. (Baldwin).

(60) <Amastra textilis Férussac.

Flelix (Helicteres) textilis Férussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool., p. 482.

Achatinella textilis Férussac, Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x1. p. 190, pl. xiv.
fig. G [radula }.

Amastra textilis Férussac, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pl. 1 fig. 8.

Achatinella microstoma Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 28.

Achatinella ventulus Férussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 31; Pfeiffer
in Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, p. 287, pl. txvu. figs. 12, 13 [nec Feérussac].

Has. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison, &c.).

A single specimen from Nuuanu, Oahu, appears to be a varietal form.

(61) Amastra transversahs Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) transversahs Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [ Feb.
1856], p. 204.
United by Newcomb with A. reticulata, but appears distinct.
Has. Oahu, Keawaawa (Baldwin).
45—2

346 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(62) Amastra tristis Feérussac.

Flelix (Helicteres) tristis Férussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 482, pl. Lxvut.
fess (6.07:

Achatinella tristis Férussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 37; Pfeiffer in
Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, pl. Lxvu. figs. 1o—11 [not good].

Achatinella fuliginosa Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 28.

Has. Oahu, Palolo (Hartman); Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin).

(63) <Amastra turritella Feérussac.

Flelix (Cochlogena) turritella Feérussac, Prodrome, No. 434; Voy. Freycinet,
Zool. p. 481.

Achatina turritella Fér., Hist. Moll. 1. pt. 2, p. 196, pl. crv. fig. 13; Souleyet,
Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1. p. 509, pl. xxrx. figs. 7—8 [animal].

Achatinella turritella Fér., Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal].

? Helix (Cochlogena) luteola Férussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 480.

? Achatina luteola Fér., Hist. Moll. 1. pt. 2, p. 196, pl. crv. fig. 12.

? Laminella lutcola Fér. (sic), Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 42.

Achatina oahuensis Green, Contrib. Macl. Lyc. Phil. 1. (1827), p. 49, pl. rv. fig. 5.

Achatinella tnornata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 21.

Newcomb states that he was unable to trace the type of A. Zu¢feo/a, and apparently
it is lost: Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) united it with A. ¢urritella, and
probably this will prove to be correct.

Has. Oahu (authors); Kalihi to Palolo (Baldwin); ridges of Nuuanu Valley
(Perkins).

(64) Amastra undata Baldwin.

Amastra undata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 230, pl. x1. fig. 39.
Has. Oahu, Nuuanu (Baldwin).

(65) Amastra uniplicata Hartman.

Amastra uniplicata Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pl. 1. fig. 7.
Has. Molokai (Hartman).

MOLLUSCA 347

(66) Amastra variegata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella variegata Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1849, p. 90; Conch.-Cab.
Achatinella, p. 282, pl. Lxvit. figs. 14, 15.

Amastra rubens, Reeve, pars, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, fig. 42 a [fide Newcomb].

Achatinella decepta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 127.

Has. Oahu, head of Boothes Valley (Hartman); Waianae (Baldwin).

(67) Amastra ventulus Feérussac.

Flelix (Felicteres) ventulus Férussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 481.

Achatinella ventulus Férussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 306
[animal ].

Achatinella melampoides Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [Dec. 1853], p. 262 ;
Pfeiffer in Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, p. 288, pl. Lxvu. figs. 8, 9.

Achatinella (Amastra) manoaensts Newc., Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311.

May prove to be a Leftachatina.

Has. Oahu, Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin); Panoa Valley and ridges of Nuuanu

(Perkins).

(68) Amastra violacea Newcomb.

Achatinella violacea Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 18;
Fe Zool. Soe seondon,. 1353) [1854], (peers5, plo xx. fig: 14.

Achatinella gigantea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136, pl.
Odili, Giles IU

These two species have been united by Pease and Dr Hartman, the latter
remarking ‘‘ The only example of gzgantea ever found is in the British Museum. It
probably equals a large example of A. vzolacea, Newc.” Probably the locality of Maui,
given by Newcomb, was an error, as his specimen appears to be only an elongate
form of the Molokai shell. This varies very much in size and shape, as may be seen
from the following :

Alte 34° idiaime 1655" altap. 15; lat. “ape O75) mill!
RC eR TIE wii mh am RSD ANG]
ye bn op Ses Sr 8 autre eke pimerr C y»

Mr Baldwin has left A. gzgantea in his list as a Maui shell, but the fact that this
diligent collector has marked it as a shell unknown to him, lends confirmation to the
view that it does not really come from that island.

Has. Molokai, Haleakala (Newcomb); Mapulehu to Halawa (Baldwin); Halawa
and Pelekunu (Perkins).—? Maui as A. gigantea, Haleakala (Newcomb).

348 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

subgenus LAMINELLA Pfeiffer.

Laminella Pfr., Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 126.

Pfeiffer’s original group was very heterogeneous, as was that of Pease under
this name (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 648); the latter author also proposing
Perdicella for a portion of the group. I would propose to select 4. gravida Feér., the
old and well-known species, as the type.

(69) <Amastra (Laminella) alexandri Newcomb.

Achatinella alexandri Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. mi. (1865), p. 182; Amer. J. Conch.,
It. (2866), 1p, 2T6sepls xm (ig. eA:
Has. West Maui, at 7500 feet (Newcomb); top of West Maui (Baldwin).

(70) Amastra (Laminella) citrina (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella citrina Mighels, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 11 (1848), p. 234; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 33; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 312
[animal ].

Pease united (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) this species with A. venzsta.

Conchologically, they differ in the periostracum, shape of whorls, &c., while, from the
descriptions given by Newcomb, the animals are distinct in colouration.

Has. Molokai, Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin); Molokai (Perkins).

(71) Amastra (Laminella) concinna Newcomb.

Achatinella conctnna Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854] p. 157,
ple xxiv. fig. 79:

Newcomb’s type was a bandless dextral shell. In the very fine series collected,
both dextral and sinistral forms occur; black bands are either absent or present, and,
in the latter event, vary from one to even four in number.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.); Koele side of highest point, side of highest point
furthest from Koele, near Koele at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(72) Amastra (Laminella) depicta Baldwin.

Laminella depicta Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pl. x1. figs. 335 [animal
described ].
A very fine series, shewing a range of colour from pale yellow to rich orange,
tinged with crimson; it is sometimes dextral, but sinistral forms predominate.

Has. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin); mountains, and above Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 349

(73) Amastra (Laminella) elongata Newcomb.

Achatinella elongata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 26.
Achatinella acuta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142 [nec
Swainson |}.

The figure given in P. Zool. Soc. London (1. c.) under this name does not (fide
Newcomb) represent the present species, but 4. sovor. Dr Hartman gives ‘ Makawao,
Maui’ as the habitat, but this must be an error; further he unites the species,
erroneously in my opinion, with A. hutchinsonz Pease.

Has. Oahu, Lehue (Newcomb); Waianae Mts (Baldwin).

(74) <Amastra (Laminella) erecta Pease.

Lamuinella erecta Pease, J. Conchyl., xvu. (1869), p. 174.
Close to A. mzcans Pfeiffer.
Has. Maui (Pease).

(75) <Amastra (Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 334.
nec Amastra farcimen, Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 46, pl. 1. fig. 5.

Dr Hartman states that his figure is “typical”; this is obviously incorrect as the
type is a sinistral specimen, of considerable size, while the figure represents a smaller,
dextral, shell of another group. What species his shell may belong to, I am unable to
determine, but it appears to possess no columellar plait.

Haz. Maui (Newcomb, fide Pfeiffer).

(76) Amastra (Laminella) fraterna Sykes.

Amastra fraterna, Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Oct. 1896), p. 129.
Plates xX). fig. 23:

Has. Lanai, mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

(77) Amastra (Laminella) gravida Férussac.

Flelix gravida Férussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 478, pl. txvui. figs. 4, 5.
Achatina gravida Férussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 1. p. 192, pl. civ. figs. 3, 4.

ep

Achatinella gravida Fér., Newcomb, Ann, Lyc. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal |,

350 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

Achatinella suffusa Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 11.

Achatinella dimondi C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 126 (with var.
lata).

The specimen described by Reeve does not now appear to exist in the Brit. Mus.
collection.

Has. Oahu, Kalihi to Niu (Baldwin); Nuuanu (Perkins),

(78) Amastra (Laminella) helvina Baldwin.

Achatinella (Laminella) helvina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 227, pl. x1
fig. 30 [shell, animal, and anatomy]; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula].
Some specimens, given to Mr Perkins by Mr O. Meyer, are broader and have

more periostracum, forming a link towards A. fzcta.

Has. Molokai, Ohia Valley, near Kaluaaha (Baldwin); Molokai (Perkins).

(79) <Amastra (Laminella) hutchinsonti Pease.

Flelicter hutchinson Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 7.
Amastra hutchinson Pease, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 45, pl. 1 fig. 9.

Dr Hartman suggests, I think erroneously, that this is a synonym of A. elongata
Newc.

Has. Maui (Pease).

(80) Amastra (Laminella) micans Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) micans Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31.
Amastra micans Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pl. 1. fig. to.

Dr Hartman’s figure is not very good.

Has. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison).

(81) <Amastra (Laminetla) picta Mighels.

Achatinella picta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc.
New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 36;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, p. 284, pl. Lxvui. figs. 28, 29 [not very
good]; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x. p. 335, pl. xv. fig. 6
[ jaw ].

Achatinella picta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. go.

Has. Maui, Lahaina and Makawao (Baldwin); Haleakala, at 4000 feet, and Iao

Valley (young shells) (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 351

var. dulbosa Gulick.

Achatinella bulbosa Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1858), p. 253, pl. vu.

Me Fil
Newcomb placed 4. dudbosa as a synonym; it appears to me to be of varietal
rank, and to differ in being larger and in the whorls being more flattened. I fancy
the species will prove to be variable, as Mr Perkins’ shells are more slender than the
series in the Museum. Specimens sent by Mr Hutchison as from ‘ Maui’ are still
more slender, and may possibly prove to be distinct. Mighels gave, by error probably,

‘Oahu.’
Has. E. Maui, Honuaula and Kula (Gulick).

(82) <Amastra (Laminella) remy: Newcomb.

Achatinella remyt Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 146;
Amer. jj. Conch: 1m (1866), p. 275, pl. xi. fig. 13.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb).

Only known to me from the original series in the Brit. Mus.; Pfeiffer

(P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 207) gave Hawaii as the habitat, but probably this
was an error.

(83) Amastra (Laminella) sanguinea Newcomb.

Achatinella sanguinea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135,
pl. xxu. fig. 15; Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. p. 326 [animal].
Laminella ferussaci Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 203.
Has. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb); Waianae and Halemano (Baldwin); Halemano,
Kawailoa, and Makaha Valley (dead) (Perkins).

(84) <Amastra (Laminella) soror Newcomb.

Achatinella soror Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pl. xxm.
fig. 38 [also fig. 36, sub nom. 4. acuéa].

Has. Maui (Newcomb).

The additional locality of Lanai given, subsequently, by Newcomb, really, I think,
refers to my A. /raterna.

Mp 186 10 46

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

w&
on
to

(85) <Amastra (Laminella) straminea Reeve.
Achatinella straminea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 38; Newcomb, Ann.
Lyc. New York, vi. p. 318 [animal].
Has. Oahu, Panoa to Palolo (Baldwin); Nuuanu (Perkins).

(86) <Amastra (Laminella) tetrao Newcomb.

Achatinella tetrao Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 219; Ann. Lyc. New
York, vi. p. 334 [animal]; Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 214, pl. xm.
AGS atin Te

From the fine series collected it appears that the ground-colouring, under
the zigzag periostracum, varies considerably. Shades of crimson or rich orange pre-
dominate, but occasionally the colour is confined to a band below the suture, the
rest of the shell being whitish.

Has. Lanai (Newcomb); mountains and behind Koele (Perkins).

(87) Amastra (Laminella) venusta Mighels.

Achatinella venusta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21; Newcomb, Ann. Lyc.
New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 32 ;
Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x1. p. 191, pl. xiv. fig. D.

Has. Molokai, Mapulehu (Baldwin); mountains (Perkins).

Mighels gave, but erroneously, ‘Oahu’ as the locality.

(88) Amastra (Laminella) villosa Sykes.
Amastra villosa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 129.
Plate Sel) figs 24:

The specimen here figured is not the one whose measurements were given in the
original diagnosis, but a slightly smaller shell whose periostracum is better preserved.

Has. Molokai (Perkins).

subgenus AMASTRELLA, n. subgen.

This name is proposed for a group of rotund, generally incrassated, small forms,
which have been usually placed in Amastra. I take as the type A. rugulosa Pease.
They are nearly all natives of Kauai, but a few species are found on other islands.

MOEEOSEA 2c3

(89) Amastra (Amastrella) anthonit Newcomb.

Achatinella anthontt Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), p. 93; Amer. J. Conch. u.
(1866), p. 210, pl. xm. fig. 2.

Haz. Kauai (Newcomb).

(90) Amastra (Amastrella) antigua Baldwin.

Amastra antigua Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 233, pl. x1. fig. 47.
Has. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin, as fossil).

(91) Amastra (Amastrella) cartnata Gulick.

Amastra carinata Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83.

Achatinella obesa var. agglutinans Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854],
Da, 1435) ply xxim:, tig. 26912.

This appears to be specifically distinct from A. odesa Newe.

Has. W. Maui, Wailuku (Gulick).

(92) Amastra (Amastrella) cyclostoma Baldwin.

Amastra cyclostoma Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pl. x1. fig. 53 [animal
and shell].

Has. Kauai, Makaweli (Baldwin).

(93) Amastra (Amastrella) nucleola Gould.

Achatinella nucleola Gould, P. Boston Soc. u. (1845), p. 28.
Achatinella brevis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. go.
Has. Kauai (Newcomb); Hanalei (Baldwin).—? Oahu, Manoa Valley (Clessin,
Nomenc. Helic. Viv.).
I feel doubtful as to this last locality: the A. xucleola Gould, of Reeve, is
A. albolabris Newc. (cf. p. 333).
46—2

354 FAUNA HAWAIENSIS

(94) Amastra (Amastrella) obesa Newcomb.

Achatinella obesa Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 24; t.c.
p. 329 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pl. xx. fig. 39;
Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x1. p. 191, pl. xtv. fig. H [radula and jaw].

Has. Maui, Makawao and Kula (Baldwin); Haleakala (Newcomb).

(95) Amastra (Amastrella) rugulosa Pease.

Amastra rugulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 95 ; Crosse, |. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 99, pl. 1. fie. 4

var. semzlarts Pease.

Amastra similaris Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.).

Amastra rugulosa var. stmilaris Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 96.

Mr Perkins’ specimens are small but otherwise agree with some presented by Pease
to the British Museum. I have seen specimens collected by Mr Hutchison as from
Oahu, but think there must be an error as to the locality.

Has. Kauai (Pease, type and var.); Kapaa (Baldwin); Lihue (Perkins).—E.
Maui, Kula (Hartman) |? an error |}.

(96) Amastra (Amastrella) sphaerica Pease.

Amastra sphaerica Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.) ;
J: Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p.-94; €rosse; 1c. xxiv. (1876).) proc aplee
figs. 5, 5a.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

The habitat is given as “? Lanai” by both Mr Baldwin and Dr Hartman, but
I know not on what authority.

(97) Amastra (Amastrella) vetusta Baldwin.

Amastra vetusta Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 10 (nom. sol.) ;

P. Ac. Philad: 1895;"p.. 233, .p) 32. figs. se.

Hap. Oahu, near the base of Punchbowl] Hill, Honolulu, fossil (Baldwin).

MOLLOSCA 355

subgen. Kavala, nom. nov.

Carinella Pfr. (1875) nec Sowerby (1839).

The type of Pfeiffer’s group is A. kawazensis Newc.: the subgeneric name was
used first by Sowerby for a different group of Molluscs, Whether 4. adata and
A. helictformis really belong here I am not clear.

(98) Amastra (Kauazia) alata Pfeiffer.

Flelix alata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 33.

I have elsewhere (P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. p. 127) pointed out that all authors
have overlooked the fact that this shell has a columellar plait. It is, in my opinion,
not a Helicoid at all, but belongs to an aberrant group of Amastra. The columellar
plait does not ascend rapidly into the shell, but stands almost horizontally, and has no
final ‘knob.’ The single specimen found by Mr Perkins measures diam, max. 8; alt. 4;
ailtzwapert.. 3 mill.

Has. Lanai (Pfeiffer); Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(99) Amastra (Kauata) heliciformis Ancey.

Amastra heliciformis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1890), p. 340.
Has. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(100) Amastra (Kauaia) kauarensis Newcomb.

Achatinella kauaiensis Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vu. (April, 1860),
p. 145; Amer. J. Conch. 1. (1866), p. 209, pl. xm. fig. 1.

Achatinella (Carinella) Rauaiensis Newc., Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. Iv. p. 115,
pl. cxxvi. figs. 8—rIr.

A good series, principally however dead shells, of this almost extinct species.
Mr Perkins notes that one specimen was found “with embryonic shells in mouth.”

Has. Kauai (authors); Halemanu (Baldwin); Makaweli at 2000 ft. and Hale-
manu at 4000 feet (Perkins).

56 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

ios)

(101) Amastra (Kauaia) knudsent Baldwin.

Amastra knudsent Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pl. x1. figs. 43, 44.

Has. Kauai, Halemanu (Baldwin, Perkins). A single specimen of this very
fine species.

The following appear to be only MS. names: Amastra ferruginea Baldwin,
Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 9 (nom. sol.). Hab. Oahu, Ewa and Waianae
(Baldwin).—A mastra testudinea Baldwin, t. c. p. 10. Has. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin).

LEpTACHATINA Gould.

Leptachatina Gould, P. Boston Soc. u. p. 201; type Achatinella acuminata
Gould.

It is frequently difficult to draw the line between this group and Aastra, and
perhaps such species as 4. melampordes Pfr. (=A. ventulus Feér.) may eventually be
transferred to Leptachatina.

Pfeiffer proposed Ladzelda (Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 142) for the group with an
incrassated lip, such as A. dadzata Newc., and perhaps it may, conchologically, form a
convenient section.

The species are principally from Oahu, but an elongate and generally striate group
characterizes the older Islands, such as Kauai.

(1) Leptachatina accincta Mighels.

Achatina accincta (err. typ.) Mighels, P. Boston Soc. nm. (1845), p. 20; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 101.
nec Achatinella accincta Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pl. vit. fig. 97.
Achatinella granifera Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 185, pl. vi.
fig. 13; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. pl. xiv. fig. 5.
Achatinella (Leptachatina) margarita Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 206.
Gulick admitted (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 91) the identity of his species
with Pfeiffer’s. If Mighels’ dimensions and description are accurate, I think the above
identification will prove correct. The shell figured by Gould does not appear to be
Mighels’ species. See also a note under Z. grana Newc.

Has. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer); MKeawaawa (Gulick).

MOLLUSCA 357

(2) Leptachatina acuminata Gould.

Achatinella acuminata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 200; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pl. vi. fig. 100.
Plateexcile fies: 135803 a
The type of the genus; the radula is figured from a dissection by Lt.-Col. H. H.
Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.
Has. Kauai (Gould); Hanalei (Baldwin); Kaholuamano (Perkins).

(3) Leptachatina antigua Pease.

Leptachatina antigua Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 94; Crosse, J. Conchyl. xxiv. p. 98, pl. m1. fig. 6.
Leptachatina antiguata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1870), p. 87 [err. typ. ].

Has. Kauai (Pease); Mana (Baldwin).

(4) Leptachatina approximans Ancey.

Leptachatina approximans Ancey, Naturaliste, 1897, p. 222.
Has. Waianae, Oahu (Ancey).

(5) Leptachatina arborea, n. sp.

Testa ovato-oblonga, turrita, tenuis vel tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, cornea, longitudina-
liter levissime striatula; anfr. 6—7, plano-convexi, ultimus 2 altitudinis testae
aequans ; sutura bene impressa; apertura quadrato-ovata, margine dextro subincras-
satulo, columellari verticali, incrassato, reflexo, plica parva vix conspicua munito.
mt os diam. 3°60 mill; Plate XI. fig. 21.

The plica is very inconspicuous; the colour becomes lighter in adult specimens, and
then the polished, transparent gloss disappears and the shell becomes of a straw colour.
Over thirty specimens were collected by Mr Perkins ; they vary slightly in shape, a
few being broader in proportion to the length, and having more inflated whorls.
Mr Baldwin sends me the following note: ‘It is found on the Candle-nut tree
(Aleurites moluccana), among the leaves of the Bird-nest fern (Aspdentum nidus), some-
times at a height of 30 or 4o feet. All the other known species of Leftachatina are
terrestrial—under rocks or on dead leaves and decaying wood.”

Has. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins); Olaa, Hilo (Baldwin).

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(os)
Nn
[or]

(6) Leptachatina balteata Pease.

Leptachatina balteata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;

J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 91; Crosse, |. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 96, pl. rv. fig. 4.

Four, apparently immature, specimens; they approach this species very closely

save that they do not possess the colour band, and the last whorl measures just over,

rather than under, half the length of the shell. As the species is only known to me

from description and figure, I think it safer to refer them here with a query than to
describe them.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Wahiawa (Baldwin); at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(7) Leptachatina brevicula Pease.

Leptachatina brevicula Pease, J. Conchyl. xv. (1869), p. 169.

Only known to me from the description. The specimens, while slightly larger
than the dimensions stated by Pease, agree well with the proportions given. The
plait, which he states is “valida, fere transversa,’ seems to vary much in size and
prominence,

Has. Kauai (Pease); Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(8) . Leptachatina (Labiella) callosa Pfeiffer.
Achatinella (Labiella) callosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856 [1857], p. 334-

Only known to me from the unique type in the British Museum.
Has. Oahu (Pfeiffer).

(9) Leptachatina cerealts Gould

Achatinella cerealis Gould, P. Boston Soc. mu. (1847), p. 201; U. S. Explor.

Exped. Mollusca, pl. vu. fig. 99; Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pl. 1. fig. 13.
Two specimens only, which, if not this species, are probably undescribed.
Has. Oahu, Waianae (Gould); Waianae Mts. below Kaala (Perkins).

(10) Leptachatina chrysallis Pfeiffer.

Achatina chrysallis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 99.

This species has been united with Z. od¢usa Newe., by Mr Baldwin, but appears
to me to be quite distinct; the habitat he gives of ‘Wahiawa to Kawailoa, Oahu’
probably really refers to L. odtusa.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

MOLLUSCA 359

(11) Leptachatina cingula Mighels.

Achatinella cingula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 21.

Leptachatina cingula Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pl. 1. fee 4:

Achatinella (Leptachatina) dimidiata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 205.

The Z. cingula Mighels is unknown to me; I quote the following from Mr
Hartman, “Achatinella dimidiata Pfeiffer, equals cznguda Migh. in coll. Newcomb ex
Auct. The figure of this shell in Chemnitz [i.e. Conch.-Cab. Budimacea, pl. LXvI.
figs. 5—7] does not represent the species, but equals an Amastra.”

Has. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer); Halemano, Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins).

(12) Leptachatina clausina Mighels.

Bulimus clausinus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. m1. (1845), p. 20.
Leptachatina clausiana (sic) Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad, 1888, p. 52.
Unknown to me.

Has. Hawaii (Mighels).

(13) Leptachatina columna Ancey.

Leptachatina columna Ancey, Naturaliste, 1889, p. 266; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc.
London, 1. pl. xm. fig. 18.

Near L. chrysalis Pfr.
Has. Oahu (Ancey).

(14) Leptachatina compacta Pease.

Labiella compacta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1869), p. 172.

The specimens appear to agree with Pease’s description ; the species has not been
figured.

Has. Maui (Pease); E. Maui (Baldwin); Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(15) Leptachatina conicordes, sp. nov.

Testa conico-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea, apud suturas
crenulata; anfr. 6, ultimus # altitudinis testae aequans; sutura subimpressa ; apertura
subverticalis, sinuato-oblonga, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari reflexo,

Ey He Vik 47

360 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

adnato, plica obliqua, parva, compressa munito, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Alt.
7°5; diam. 3°5 mill.
Plate XI. fig. 26.

A somewhat conic shell, in which, when adult, the columella plait becomes incon-
spicuous. One adult and three young specimens.

Has. Molokai (Perkins).

(16) Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov.
Testa turrita, elongata, gracilis, tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, brunneo-cornea, laevis, polita,
nitida, apice obtusulo; anfr. 63, convexi, turgiduli, ultimus 5%; altitudinis testae aequans ;

sutura bene impressa; apertura pyriformis, margine columellari sinuato, plica minima
munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. Alt. 8; diam. 2°8 mill.

Plate XI. fig. 11.
A shell of the group of Z. exz/és Gulick, but with more inflated whorls, slightly

more tapering towards the apex, and the mouth not so drawn out to the right. Three
specimens.

Has. Oahu, Waiolani (Perkins).

(17) Leptachatina corneola Pfeiffer.
Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 99.
Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ackhkatinella, sp. 4.

Has. Oahu ? (Baldwin); Oahu, one young specimen (Hutchison).

(18) Leptachatina coruscans Hartman.
Leptachatina coruscans Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 52, pl. 1. fig. 16.
A variable shell in thickness and colouration.

Has. Molokai (Hartman); Kamalo (Baldwin); Kapanui, Kolamaula, and at
4000 ft. (Perkins).

(19) Leptachatina costulata Gulick.
Achatinella costulata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 177, pl. v1.
fig. 5; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, mu. pl. xiv. fig. 4.
Newcomb united this shell with Z. seszcostata Pfeiffer, but Gulick’s type is much

more slender than that species, the mouth is of a different shape, and other minor
differences exist, all leading me to regard it as a good species.

Has. Oahu, Pupukea, Waimea, and Kawailoa (Gulick).

MOLLUSCA 361

(20) Leptachatina costulosa Pease.

Leptachatina costulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 90; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. p. 96, pl. m1. fig. 4.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Waimea and Kealia (Baldwin).

(21) Leptachatina crystallina Gulick.

Achatinella crystallina Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vr. (1856), p. 186, pl. vi
fig. 14.

Newcomb united this species with his ZL. zz¢zda.

Has. Oahu, Mokuleia, Kamoo, Waialua (Gulick).

(22) Leptachatina emerita, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, subcylindrica, imperforata, dextrorsa, cornea vel hyalina vel
flava, tenuiuscula, sub lente longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo; anfr. 63,
plano-convexi, ultimus % altitudinis testae fere aequans; sutura impressa, marginata ;
apertura ovata, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica parva
inconspicua ascendente munito. Alt. 8; diam. 3°5 mill.

Plate) X17 fie. 10:

Variable in colour, shading from brown to a hyaline tint; adult specimens lose
their gloss and become of a straw-yellow. The columellar plait is small and incon-
spicuous.

Has. Molokai, Kalamaula, and at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(23) Leptachatina exilis Gulick.

Achatinella exilis Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 188, pl. v1. fig. 16
[bad]; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. pl. xiv. fig. 18.
Leptachatina cylindrata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1869), p. 168; P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1869, p. 650 (nom. sol.).
Remarkable though the distribution may be, I am unable, after a comparison of
Gulick’s type with specimens of Z. cylindrata presented by Pease to the British
Museum, to sever these two species.

Has. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick).— Kauai (Pease) ; at 4000 feet (Perkins).
47—2

362 FAUNA HAWATIENSIS

(24) Leptachatina extensa Pease.

Leptachatina extensa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvim. (1870), p. 92.

Four specimens, agreeing fairly well with Pease’s diagnosis, are referred to this
species.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Kaholuamano (Perkins).

(25) Leptachatina fumida Gulick.

Achatinella fumida Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 181, pl. vi. fig. 9 ;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 111. pl. xiv. fig. 15.

Newcomb united this with his Z. vztvea, but they appear to me to be quite
distinct.

Has. Oahu, Waialei, Pupukea, Waimea, Kawailoa, Halemano (Gulick).

(26) Leptachatina fumosa Newcomb.

Achatinella fumosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov.], p. 140,
pl. xx. fig. 28.

Has. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb); Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins). Only a single

specimen.

(27) Leptachatina fusca Newcomb.

Achatinella fusca Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853), p. 28; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov. ], p. 145, pl. xxiu. fig. 44.

Has. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb).

(28) Leptachatina fuscula Gulick.

Achatinella fuscula Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. (1856), p. 180, pl. vi. fig. 8.

Has. Oahu, mountain forests of Mokuleia (Gulick).

MOLLUSCA 363

(29) Leptachatina glutinosa Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Laminella) glutinosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856,
ebm py 204;

Achatinella lacrima Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856, Dec.), p. 176, pl. vr.
fig. 4; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. xiv. fig. ro.

Has. Oahu, Lihue, Kalaikoa, Wahiawa, Halemano, Peula (Gulick); Waianae

Mts., below Kaala (Perkins). Only a single specimen.

(30) Leptachatina gracilis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) gracilis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6,
plex ihigee22.

Achatinella elevata (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, t. c. [1856, Feb. ], p. 209.

Achatinella subula Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. [1856, Dec.], p. 191, pl. v1.
fig. 19; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 111. pl. xiv. fig. 16.

Gulick’s species appears to be a bandless and slightly more attenuate variety.

Has. Oahu (various authors); Palolo Valley (Gulick); Kaala (Baldwin) ;

Waianae Mts., below Kaala, lee side (Perkins).

(31) Leptachatina grana Newcomb.

Achatinella grana Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pl. xxm. fig. 46.

Leptachatina grana Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x.
p. 336 [radula].

The types of this species have met with an accident and are entirely broken.
Newcomb believed that Z. granifera Gulick [= LZ. acczncta Mighels] was a
synonym, but I feel doubtful of this.

Has. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb); Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(32) Leptachatina guttula Gould.

Achatinella guttula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 201; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pl. vi. fig. 98.
Achatinella gummea Gulick, Ann, Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 182, pl. vt.
fig. 10; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. xiv. fig. 1.
Achatinella fragilis Gulick, t. c. p. 183, pl. vi. fig. 11; Sykes, t. c. pl. xiv. fig. 2.
Newcomb united—I think correctly—the two Gulickian species with Gould’s;
Mr Baldwin has, however, in his ‘Catalogue’ allowed them specific rank.

Has. Oahu, Mokuleia, Lihue, Punaluu, Hauula, Halemano (Gulick).— Maui (Gould).

364 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(33) Leptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, flavido-cornea, sub lente
longitudinaliter minute striata; anfr. 64, plano-convexi, ultimus # altitudinis testae
aequans ; sutura impressa; apertura elongato-ovalis, margine dextro arcuato, acuto,
columellari incrassatulo, reflexo, plica minima, inconspicua munito, marginibus callo
tenui junctis. Alt. 7; diam. 2°6 mill.

Plates cl; ig. 6:

Only asingle specimen. It recalls Z. exz/’s of Gulick, but is more conic—i.e. the
upper whorls are narrower in proportion—and is of a light straw-yellow. The
columellar plait is deeply-seated and inconspicuous.

Haz. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 4ooo feet (Perkins).

(34) Leptachatina tmpressa Sykes.

Leptachatina impressa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. (1896), p. 127.
Plate XI. fig. 8.

Has. Lanai, Mountains behind Koele (Perkins).

(35) Leptachatina isthmica Ancey.

Leptachatina tsthmica Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. (1899), p. 270; Sykes,
tHe. pl Si. 119 20,

Has. Maui, Sand Hills between East and West Maui, subfossil (Ancey).

(36) Leptachatina konaensts, sp. nov.

Testa elongato-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea vel pallide cornea,
longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo; anfr. 6, planati, ultimus 2 altitudinis
testae aequans ; sutura impressa, marginata; apertura sinuato-ovata, columella arcuata,
margine dextro intus subcalloso, columellari subreflexo, plica mediocri ascendente
munito. Alt. 8; diam. 4 mill.

Plate 1. fis. 13:

Akin to Z. semplex Pease, but is much more swollen and inflated. Six specimens.

Has. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 365

(37) Leptachatina (Labiella) labsata Newcomb.

Achatinella labiata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853), p. 27; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141, pl. xx. fig. 33; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad.
1895, p. 239 [radula].

Achatinella lagena Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 175, pl. vi. fig. 3;
Sykes, P. Malac) Socs Eondon, in: pl. xiv. fig. 9:

Achatinella dentata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 7, pl. xxx. fig. 27.

I follow Newcomb in including Gulick’s species, but the latter’s type does not

fully shew the thickening on the columellar wall, nor the denticle on the outer lip.

Has. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb); Halemano, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa (Gulick) ;
Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(38) Leptachatina laevis Pease.

Leptachatina laevis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl.. xvi. (1870), p. 91 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 96, pl. 1v. fig. 6.
Has. Kauai (Pease); Waimea (Baldwin).

(39) Leptachatina leucochila Gulick.

Achatinella leucochila Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vr. (1856), p. 173, pl. vi.
fig. 1; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. x1v. fig. 12.

Newcomb united this with Z. pyramzs Pfr.; I think it is quite distinct
specifically.

Has. Kauai (Gulick).

(40) Leptachatina lineolata Newcomb.
Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool.
Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pl. xxu1. fig. 29.

The real habitat seems somewhat uncertain; Newcomb originally gave Maui,
subsequently Hawaii, which is more probably correct.

Has. Maui (Newcomb and Hartman).— Hawaii (Newcomb and Baldwin).

(41) Leptachatina lucida Pease.

Leptachatina lucida Pease, J. Conchyl. xvut. (1870), p. 93.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Kealia (Baldwin).

366 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(42) Leptachatina marginata Gulick.

Achatinella marginata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 179, pl. vr.
ieee
United by Newcomb with Z. succzncta Newc., but the present species is smaller
and more slender.

Has. Oahu, Kalaikoa (Gulick).

(43) Leptachatina nitida Newcomb.

Achatinella nitida Newcomb, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 29;
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140.

Leptachatina nitida Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lyc. New York, x. p. 336,

pl. xv. fig. 8 [radula].

The figure given by Newcomb (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, pl. xx. fig. 30)
apparently has been taken by error from some other shell, and does not represent this
species. The form found by Mr Perkins appears to be a variety.

Haz. E. Maui (Newcomb).—Maui and Oahu (Hartman).—Oahu, Mt Kaala
(Perkins).

(44) Leptachatina obsoleta Pfeiffer.
Spirvaxts obsoleta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335

I50°
A species of the group of Z. sanxdwicensis. Mr Perkins found a single young shell

on ‘ Haleakala at 5000 feet,’ Maui, which may be the young of this species.
Has. ? Oahu (Baldwin).

(45) Leptachatina obtusa (Newcomb) Pfeiffer.

Achatinella obtusa Newcomb, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 209.

Mr Baldwin has suggested that this species is identical with Z. chrysadlzs Pfeiffer,
but I cannot agree with him.

Has. Hawaiian Islands.—? Oahu (Baldwin).

(46) Leptachatina octogyrata Gulick.
Achatinella octogyrata Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 190, pl. v1.
fig. 18; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xrv. fig. 7.
Newcomb placed it as a synonym of Z. odclavata, Pfr. [ = L. sandwicensis Pfr. |.

Has. Oahu, Palolo Valley (Gulick).

MOLLUSCA 367

(47) Leptachatina oryza Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Leptachatina) oryza Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb. ],
p- 206.

Achatinella triticea Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856, Dec.), p. 184, pl. v1.
figs 12> Sykes, Ps Malac: Soc. London, mt. pl. xiv. fig. 3.

Has. Oahu, subfossil (Pfeiffer) ; Keawaawa (Gulick).

(48) Leptachatina (Labiella) pachystoma Pease.

Labiella pachystoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1869), p. 171.
I am not sure if this be a true Ladvzella,
Has. Kauai (Pease).

(49) Leptachatina perkinst Sykes.

Leptachatina perkinst Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1896), p. 128.
Plate XI: fig. 30.
Has. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(50) Leptachatina petila Gulick.
Achatinella petila Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 189, pl. vi. fig. 17;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xiv. fig. 14.

United by Newcomb with Z. fusca Newc., but appears to me to be quite
distinct.

Has. E. Oahu, Koko (Gulick).

(51) Leptachatina pyramis Pfeiffer.

Achatinella pyramis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 41 [good].

Appears from its form to be an Oahu species, and I am not sure that Pease’s
localization will prove correct.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

is Tet, ioe 48

368 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(52) Leptachatina resinula Gulick.
Achatinella resinula Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 174, pl. v1. fig. 2 ;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 111. pl. x1v. fig. 11.

Has. Oahu, Kawailoa, Waialei, and other localities (Gulick).

(53) Leptachatina saccula Hartman.

Achatinella (Leptachatina) saccula Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55, pl. 1.
fig. 15.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Hartman).

(54) Leptachatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer.

Achatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846 [ May],. p. 32.
Achatinella (Leptachatina) obclavata Pfeiffer, Op. cit. 1855 [July], p. 98.
Leptachatina octavula Paetel, Clessin, Nomenc. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 316.

Pfeiffer placed his Achatina sandwicensis in the synonymy of ZL. acctncta Mighels;
the above identification is from an examination of Pfeiffer’s types.

Has. Oahu (Pfeiffer); Waianae Mts. (Perkins). One young specimen only.

(55) Leptachatina saxatilis Gulick.

Achatinella saxatihs Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 187, pl. vr.
fig. 15; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. xiv. fig. 17.
Leptachatina saxitilus Gulick, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55.

Has. Oahu, Mokuleia (Gulick).

(56) Leptachatina sculpta Pfeiffer.

Achatina sculpta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p.
Has. Oahu (Pfeiffer); (Hutchison, one specimen).

to
_
~

(57) Leptachatina scutilus Mighels.

Bulimus scutilus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 20.
Has. Oahu (Mighels).

MOLLUSCA 369

(58) Leptachatina semicostata Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Leptachatina) semicostata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856,
PED, yp. 200:

Dr Hartman remarks (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) ‘Dr Newcomb thinks it
questionable if this species be not a synonym of ZL. fusca Newc.”; it is quite distinct.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

(59) Leptachatina semtpicta Sykes.

Leptachatina semipicta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128.
Plate XI. fig. 12.
Has. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(60) Leptachatina simplex Pease.

Leptachatina simplex Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ;
J. Conchyl. xvi. 1869, p. 170.

Dr Hartman notes (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) that “Examples Z. xztida Newe.
(coll. Newc.) and Z. szmplex Pse. (coll. Pse.) are similar.” There must be some error
here, as specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum are quite distinct from
L. nitida Newc. ; further, Newcomb’s species does not come from Hawaii.

Has. Hawaii (Pease); Kona, at 3000—4000 feet (Perkins).

(61) Leptachatina smitht Sykes.

Leptachatina smutht Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1896), p. 128.
Plate XI. fig. 29.
Has. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(62) Leptachatina stiria Gulick.

Leptachatina stiria Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pl. vr. fig. 2.
Has. Oahu, Halemano, Peula, Kawailoa (Gulick).

48—2

370 FAUNA HAWATIIENSIS

(63) Leptachatina striata Newcomb.

Tornatellina striata Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. mu. (1861), p. 93.
From the description this appears to be close to L. /ucrda Pease.
Has. Kauai (Newcomb).

(64) Leptachatina striatella Gulick.

Achatinella striatella Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vt. (1856), p. 178, pl. v1. fig. 6 ;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xiv. fig. 109.

United by Newcomb with Z. fusca Newc., but appears to me to be distinct.

Has. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick).

(65) Leptachatina striatula Gould.

Achatinella striatula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 28.
Achatinella clara Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846, Jan.], p. 90; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 5.
A nice series, shewing both the form with the sutural band and the unicolorous
variety.
Has. Kauai (various authors); Makaweli, Kaholuamano, Lihue, and at 4000 ft.
(Perkins).

(66) Leptachatina succincta Newcomb.

Achatinella succincta Newcomb, P. Boston Soe. v. (1855), p. 220; Amer. J. Conch.
IL 11866); p23, ply Sau foe,
Leptachatina succinata Newcomb, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55 (err. typ.).

Has. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb); Halemano (Perkins). One specimen only.

(67) Leptachatina supracostata, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuis, cornea, polita; anfr. 8,
ultimus $ longitudinis testae fere aequans, primi apud suturas subcostulati, reliqui
fere laeves ; sutura impressa, marginata, linea spirali notata; apertura lunata, columella
sub-arcuata; margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica minima
oblique torta munito, Alt. 6°3; diam. 2 mill.

Plate xi ips 22;

MOLLUSCA 371

Only two specimens. It belongs to the group of Z. exz/zs Gulick; is in-
conspicuously costulate below the suture, the sculpture gradually fading out, until the
last whorl hardly shews any marking beyond the lines of growth. There is a faint
spiral line just below the suture.

Has. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins).

(68) Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease.

Labiella tenebrosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.).
Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1870), p. 92; Crosse, I. c. xxiv.
(1876), p. 96, pl. mi. fig. 5.
Has. Kauai (Pease); Wahiawa (Baldwin); Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet
(Perkins).

(69) Leptachatina tenuicostata Pease.

Leptachatina tenutcostata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1869), p. 170.
Has. Hawaii (Pease).—Oahu (Baldwin).

I feel doubts as to the accuracy of the last locality, as Mr Baldwin marks it asa
species he has not seen.

(70) Leptachatina terebralis Gulick.

Achatinella terebralis Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 193, pl. v1.
fig. 21; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, i. pl. xiv. fig. 3.

Has. Oahu, Kawailoa (Gulick); Waianae Mts., below Kaala (Perkins).

(71) Leptachatina teres Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Leptachatina) teres Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856],
p- 206.
Near ZL. obtusa Newcomb.

Has. MHawaiian Islands.

(72) Leptachatina turgidula Pease.

Labiella turgidula Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.).

Leptachatina turgidula Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1870), p. 89; Crosse, |. c, xxi.
(1876), p. 96, pl. tv. fig. 5.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Halemanu (Baldwin); Makaweli (Perkins). Five

specimens.

372 FAUNA HAWATENSIS

(73) Leptachatina turrita Gulick.

Achatinella turrita Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 192, pl. vi. fig. 20;
Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pl. xiv. fig. 6.
United by Newcomb with ZL. odclavata Pfr. [= L. sandwicensis Pfr.], but
L. turrita is a broader and stouter shell, of a darker colour.

Has. Oahu, Lihue (Gulick).

(74) Leptachatina vana sp. nov.

Testa pyramidato-conica, dextrorsa, imperforata, tenuiuscula, brunneo-cornea, nitida,
sub lente obsolete longitudinaliter striata, sutura marginata; anfr. 8, lente accrescentes,
ultimus 2 altitudinis testae aequans; apertura pyriformis, margine dextro acuto,
columellari sub-reflexo, sinuato, plica mediocri munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo
junctis. Alt. 7°38; diam. 3°9 mill. Plate XI. fig. 27.

Four specimens of a brownish-horny, pyramidal shell, which has no striking
characteristics.

Has. Oahu, Mt. Kaala (Perkins).

(75) Leptachatina vitrea Newcomb.

Achatinella vitrea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142, pl. xxm.
fig. 34.
Has. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb).

(76) Leptachatina vitreola Gulick.

Achatinella vitreola Gulick, Ann. Lyc. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pl. vr. fig. 23.
Achatinella parvula Gulick, t. c. p. 195, pl. vi. fig. 24; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc.
London, 10. pl. xiv. fig. 13.
Both were united by Newcomb with his Z. gvana; they appear to me to be quite
distinct from that species.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Gulick); W. Maui (Baldwin for Z. parvula).

MOLLUSCA

THaanumia Ancey.

Thaanumia omphalodes Ancey.
Thaanumia omphalodes Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, ut. (1899), p. 269, pl. XI.
fig. 8.
The type, and only, species.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mountains (Ancey).

CarELia H. and A. Adams.
Carelia H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, 11. (Feb. 1855) p. 132.

This interesting genus, confined to Kauai save for one species on the Island of
Niihau, was described by Messrs H. and A. Adams, with no named type.
The anatomy has been described by Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, who

points out that it agrees in general with the Amastra group, but differs in having a
costate jaw.

(1) Carelra bicolor Jay.

Achatina bicolor Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. m1. (1839), p. 119, pl. vi. fig. 3.

Carelia bicolor Jay, Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, pl. vr. [anatomy].
Achatina adusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 26.

Carelia adusta Gould, var. angulata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 403.
Achatina fuliginea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 [1854], p. 66; Conch.-
Cab. Achatina, p. 267, pl. xt. figs: 21, 22.

Has. Kauai (various authors).

(2) Carelia cochlea Reeve.

Achatina cochlea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 5.

The spiral sculpture is nearly obsolete in some specimens; I have seen one
measuring 61 mill. in length.

Has. Kauai (various collectors).

(3) Careha cumingiana Pfeiffer.

Spiraxis cumingiana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 106, pl. xxx. fig. 1.
Has. Kauai (Pfeiffer, &c.).

374 FAUNA HAWAITTENSIS

(4) Carelia dolet Ancey.

Carelia dolec Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 328.
Has. Kauai, Hanalei (Ancey); Haena, subfossil (Baldwin).

(5) Carela glutinosa Ancey.

Carelia glutinosa Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 324:

Has. Probably Kauai. Unknown to me.

(6) Carelia olivacea Pease.

Carelia olivacea Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 293.
Carelia variabilis Pease, J. Conchyl. xv. (1870), p. 402 [with var. vzrzdzs];
P: Zool: Sac; London, 1871; prays:
I do not quite follow why Pease described C. varzaézlis, when, in the same paper,
he stated that it and C. od’vacea were varieties of one species.

Has. E. Kauai (Pease).

(7) Carelia paradoxa Pfeiffer.
Spiraxis paradoxa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 128.

Differs from all others known to me in its strongly granulated surface.

Has. Kauai.

(8) Carelta sinclairt Ancey.

Carelia sinclairt Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 720.

Has. Niihau, subfossil (Ancey).

(9) Carelia turricula Mighels.

Achatina turricula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 20.

Carelia turricula Mighels, Kobelt, J. B. Malak. Ges. 1. (1875), p. 225, pl. vu.
fips

Achatina obeliscus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 129.

Achatina newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [1853], p. 262.

Has. Kauai, Hanalei (Baldwin, Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 375

AURICULELLA Pfeiffer,

Auriculella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 1; Mal. Blatt. 1. p. 3.

The type appears to be the Partula auricula Fér.

(1) Auriculella ambusta Pease.

Auriculella ambusta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvr. (1868), p. 345.
Probably the locality suggested by Mr Baldwin is correct.
Has. Oahu ? (Baldwin).

(2) <Auriculella auricula Fer.

Partula auricula Férussac, Prodr. p. 66, no. 6; Voy. de Freycinet, Zool.
p. 486.

Auricula owathiensts Chamisso, Nov. Act. Leop. xiv. (1829), p. 639, pl. xXxxv1.
ow or,

Auricula sinistrorsa Chamisso, tom, cit. p. 640, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2 [spec. juv. |],

Partula dumartroyt Souleyet, Rev. Zool. v. (1842), p. 102.

Bulimus armatus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 19.

This species varies greatly in size and shape ; it is generally unicolorous, varying,
from nearly white, through shades of yellow and green, to brownish green; a few
specimens have a single brown band.

Has. Oahu, Mount Tantalus, Mount Kaala, Halemano, Head of Kawailoa
Gulch (Perkins).

(3) <Auriculella brunnea Smith.

Auriculella brunnea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pl. x. fig. 23;
Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula].
Two Lanai specimens have a single darker band at the periphery; others are
unicolorous.
Has. Molokai and Lanai (Smith); Molokai, Kalamaula, also Lanai, behind
Koele (Perkins).
Bers 49

ioe)
“I
OV

FAUNA HAWAITIENSIS

(4) Auriculella cerea Pfeiffer.

Achatinella cerea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pl. xxx. fig. 21.

Pease has suggested (J. Conchyl. xvi. p. 343) that this is identical with A. petzteana
Pfeiffer ; he is not improbably correct, but I have only seen the single type specimen.
Has. Molokai (Nevill, fide specimens from Newcomb).

(5) Auriculella chamissot Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Auriculella) chamissot Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 98.
Has. Oahu (Baldwin).—Hawaii (fide tablet in Brit. Mus.).

(6) <Auriculella crassula Smith.
Auriculella crassula Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pl. x. fig. 22.
Auriculella ponderosa Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 225.

Has. Maui, Makawao (Baldwin); Iao Valley, Olinda, and Haleakala at 4000 feet
(Perkins).

(7) Auriculella diaphana Smith.
Auriculella diaphana Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pl. x. fig. 25.
Auriculella patula Smith, tom. cit. p. 88, pl. x. fig. 24.

Has. Oahu, various localities (Smith); Mount Tantalus, and head of Panoa
Valley (Perkins).

(8) Auriculella expansa Pease.

Auriculella expansa Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 343, pl. xiv. fig. 8.
Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pease).—Probably Maui (Ancey)—Kauai (Baldwin).

(9) Aureculella lurida Pfeiffer.
Lornatellina castanea Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. mt. (1853), p. 524.
Achatinella (Auriculella) lurida Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 1v. p. 570.

Pfeiffer re-named the species, apparently to avoid confusion with Achatzinella
castanea Reeve.

Has. Maui ? (Baldwin).—Oahu, Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA S77

(10) <Auriculella newcomdi Pfeiffer.

Balea newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. 1852. [1854], p. 67.
Achatinella obeliscus Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 11. (1855), p. 166.

Has. Molokai, Kalamaula (Perkins).

(11) <Aurzculella obliqua Ancey.

Auriculella obligua Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 721; Sykes,
Pe Malacs Socy london 1. p: 275, pl xi. hg. 17.

Appears to be very near A. amdbusta Pease.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).

(12) <Auriculella perkinsi sp. nov.

Testa subperforata, elongato-conica, brunnea aut corneo-brunnea, linea brunnea
ad peripheriam saepe notata, nitida; anfr. 6—63, planiusculi, ultimus 2 altitudinis
testae aequans ; apertura auriformis, intus brunnea, margine parietali lamina obliqua
intrante, columellari lamina volvente munitis; peristoma leviter reflexum, incrassatulum.
Mitac lat. 4, mill:

Plate Xl figs: 17,18:

var. a. Magis elongata et tenuior, flavida, peristomate albido.

I cannot identify this species with any of the numerous varieties of 4. auricula,
and therefore describe it. It is very variable in colour, shading from rich brown to
light yellow: when brown the band—if present—is yellowish, and conversely. The
lip varies in colour from dark brown to white. It is a fairly thin shell and appears to
be common.

Has. Oahu, ridges round Nuuanu, and Mount Tantalus (Perkins).

(13) Auriculella petitiana Pfeiffer.

Tornatellina petitiana Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. Malak. tv. (1847), p. 149; Kuster, Conch.-
Cab. Tornatellina, p. 153, pl. xvul. figs. 24, 25.

Has. Hawaiian Islands.
See a note under A. cerea.

49—2

378 FAUNA HAWAITIENSTS

(14) Auriculella perpusilla Smith.

Auriculella perpusilla Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pl. x. fig. 26.
Has. Oahu, Kahalu (Smith).

(15) <Auriculella pulchra Pease.
Auriculella pulchra Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 346, pl. xiv. fig. 6.

Specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum under this name do not
quite agree with his diagnosis, and his figure appears to have been drawn from a
variety which he notes, and not the type form. I have followed the identified specimens ;
possibly it is a variable species, or an error may have occurred in translating his paper.

Has. Oahu (authors); Mount Tantalus and Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(16) Auriculella tenella Ancey.

Auriculella tenella Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232.
Has. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey).

(17) Auriculella tenuts Smith.

Auriculella tenuis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pl. x. fig. 27.
Mons. Ancey has described (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 230) a var. solzda.

Has. Oahu, various localities (Smith).

(18) <Auriculella triplicata Pease.

Auriculella triplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xv. (1868), p. 346.
Has. Maui (Hartman).—Oahu, Tantalus and Panoa (Baldwin).

(19) Auriculella uniplicata Pease.

Auriculella uniplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xv1. (1868), p. 344, pl. xiv. fig. 7.

Has. Maui (Pease); West Maui (Baldwin).—Molokai, Kalamaula, and above
Pelekunu (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 379

(20) <Auriculella westerlundiana Ancey.
Auriculella westerlundiana Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 218;
Sykes, P2 MalaesSoce. London, 11. p. 275, pl.*xmi. fig. 21.

Has. Hawaii, Kona, and Waimea (Ancey); Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa
(Perkins).

INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN OR ERRONEOUSLY RECORDED SPECIES.

The following appear to be only manuscript names: jucunda Smith; solida
Gulick ; sof¢dzsstema Smith (confer Ann. Lyc. New York, x. pp. 331—2).

Bulimus pumicatus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. p. 19.
Has. Oahu.
Probably this is really an Aurzculedla ; I am totally unacquainted with it.

Partula pusilla Gould, P. Boston Soc. . p. 197; U.S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca,
pl. vu. fig. go.

This species has been referred to Auriculella, and consequently a Hawaiian
habitat has been suggested for it; it is really, however, a Zornateliina and was
described from Metia [ = Mata].

FRICKELLA Pfeiffer.

Frickella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2; Mal. Blatt. 11. p. 3.

Frickella amoena Pfeiffer.

Achatinella (Frickella) amoena Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 2, pl. xxx.
fea
This aberrant species appears to be a link between AchateneHla and Tornatellina.

The single young shell, found by Mr Perkins, does not quite agree with the type, as
the whorls are flatter, but ] am unable to sever it specifically.

Has. Oahu, Konahuanui (Baldwin) ; Halemano (Perkins).

380 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

TORNATELLINIDAE.
TOoRNATELLINA Beck.

Beck (Index Moll. 1837, p. 80) proposed this name as a subgenus of Achatina, and
placed in it four species, all of them undiagnosed. Pfeiffer in 1841 (Symb. Hist. Helic.
pt. 2, p. 5) diagnosed the genus and gave (p. 130) a list of species. Previously to this
Anton had proposed (1839) S¢vodzZus, but in considering his claims it should be borne
in mind that S¢oé2/a had twice previously been used in Zoology.

The Hawatian species appear to be but little understood: the only attempt at
figuring them was made by Gould, whose six figures, under one name, represent three
different species.

I have endeavoured to avoid the creation of synonyms by a careful study of the
descriptions and measurements given by the various authors. The habitat in the case
of these very small shells is not always reliable, as they are very liable to be transported
with plants, &c.

(1) TZornatellina baldwint Ancey.

Tornatellina baldwint Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vt. (1889), p. 238.
Has. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey); Waianae Mts. (Perkins).—Kauai (Baldwin).

(2) TZornatellina compacta sp. nov.

Testa perforata, ovata, brunneo-cornea, nitidula, tenuis ; spira curta, apice obtusulo ;
anfr. 5—54, lineis incrementi bene notati, convexiusculi, regulariter et lente crescentes,
sutura bene impressa; apertura ovato-pyriformis, lamina unica pygmaea_ volventi
interdum praedita; peristoma simplex, margine columellari reflexo et expanso.
Alt. 2:2, diam. 1°2 mm.

Plate el fice 1.

A compressed, compact little form, the aperture measuring about 2 of the length ;
the whorls are somewhat convex.

Has. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 2000 feet, on hilo grass (Perkins).

(3) Zornatellina confusa sp. nov.

Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. mu. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pl. vu. figs. 104 a—c.
See for remarks under Zornatellina peponum Gould; this is the edentulous form
figured by him.

Has. Kauai, Makaweli (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 381

(4) TZornatellina cylindrica sp. nov.

Testa elongata, cylindrica, cornea, perforata; anfr. 5—54, convexiusculi, striatuli,
ultimus rotundatus, 2 altitudinis testae aequans, sutura impressa; apertura ovata vel
lunaris, lamellam in pariete gerens; columella incrassata, albida, contorta, interdum
denticulo mediocri munita. Alt. 2°2, lat. vix 1 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 28.

This species may be distinguished from the true 7. peponum, by its smaller size
and more slender shape.

Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins).—Kauai, Makaweli, one specimen (Perkins).

(5) TZornatellina dentata Pease.

Tornatellina dentata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.

I identify Mr Perkins’ specimens with some doubt; if not this species they
belong to no other recorded Hawaiian form.

Has. Hawaii (Pease); Puna (Baldwin) ; Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(6) TZornatellina euryomphala Ancey.

Tornatellina euryomphala Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vt. (1889), p. 239.

Not found by Mr Perkins; I have specimens from another source, without indica-
tion as to which island they come from.

Has. W. Maui (Ancey).

(7) Tornatellina extincta Ancey.

Tornatellina extincta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 341.
Has. Central Maui, subfossil (Ancey).

(8) TZornatelhina gracilis Pease.

Tornatellina gracilis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.

A single shell, found by Mr Perkins, agrees well with Pease’s description and
measurements, save that Pease speaks of the shell being sometimes spirally sulcate,
while Mr Perkins’ specimen shews traces of a single spiral thread at the periphery.

Haz. Kauai (Pease).—? Hawaii, Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

382 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(9) TZornatellina newcombi Pfeiffer.

Tornatellina newcomb: Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335.

I am not quite clear if the localities are to be relied on; the figure given by
Gould (as 7: peponum, U, S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pl. vit. fig. 104 e) does not, I think,

represent this species, as has been suggested,

Has. Maui and Oahu (Ancey).—Kauai, Oahu, and Maui (Baldwin).

(10) TZornatellina oblonga Pease.

Tornatellina oblonga Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 673; Binney, Ann,
Lyc. New York, x1. p. 190 [radula].

Tornatellina bacillarts Mousson, J. Conchyl. x1x. (1871), p. 16, pl. mr. fig. 5.

Tornatellina oblongata Pease, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 343 (err. typ.).

Unknown to me as Hawaiian; it was described from the Tonga Islands.

Has. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey).

(11) TZornatellina peponum Gould.

Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. m. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pl. vu. figs. 104, 104 d.

Gould has undoubtedly confused three species under this name: which it therefore
becomes necessary to restrict to one of his forms. I propose that it should be used
for the shells figured by him as fig. 104 and fig. 104d; namely the slender species with
a parietal lamina and no columellar tooth: of this I have Hawaiian specimens.

The next form, that figured as figs. 104 a—c, has no parietal lamina, and equally
no teeth on the columella; this has been found by Mr Perkins on Kauai, and is here
named 7. confusa.

The third form, figured as fig. 104 e (enlargement of mouth only) is a shell nearly
related to 7. euryomphala, Ancey ; it is not, I think, 7. xewcomds.

Has. Hawaii, Hilo, also Oahu (Gould).

(12) TZornatellina perkinsz, sp. nov.

Testa elongato-pyramidalis, subperforata, cornea, sub lente striatula; anfr. 7,
planiusculi, lente accrescentes, sutura subimpressa ; apertura ovata, lamellam sat minu-
tam in pariete gerens ; columella incrassata, albida, plicis duabus inconspicuis praedita.
Alt: 3; lat. 1-2 mm:

Plate XI. fig. 14.

MOLELOSEA 383

Its most noteworthy features are the very elongately pyramidal shape, flattened
whorls, and the two inconspicuous plicae on the columella, the upper one being more
deeply seated than the lower.

Has. Kauai, Kaholuamano at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(13) TZornatellina trochoides sp. nov.

Testa profunde perforata, cornea, pyramidalis, pellucida, fere laevis ; spira conoidea,
apice acutiusculo; anfr. 7—74, regulariter lenteque accrescentes, planiusculi, ultimus
ad peripheriam subcarinatus, sutura impressa; apertura quadrato-ovata, superne angu-
lata, laminam conspicuam validam in pariete gerens; columella brunnea, incrassata,
plicis duabus munita. Alt. 4, lat. 2 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 31.

Closely related, apparently, to 7. wmézlzcata Ancey; but differs from it in the
relative proportions of height and breadth.

Has, Lanai Mountains (Perkins).

(14) TZornatellina umbilicata Ancey.

Auriculella umbilicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232.
Tornatellina umbilicata Ancey, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, v. p. 721.

Has. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey).

Fam. STENOGYRIDAE.
Operas Albers.

Opeas Albers, Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 175; Martens, Die Heliceen, Ed. 2, 1860,
p- 265 (type Bulimus goodalli Miller).

(1) Ofeas junceus Gould.
Bulimus junceus Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 191; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. vi. fig. 87.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Gould); all the islands (Baldwin).—Oahu, Waianae
Mts. (Perkins).
i, 1k, TE. 50

384 FAUNA HAWAUENSIS

(2) Ofpeas prestont Sykes.

Opeas prestont Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, m1. (1898), p. 73, pl. v. fig. 4.

A long series, which I am entirely unable to sever from the shell recently
described by me from Ceylon. The whole genus, however, is notorious for having
been discovered in widely separated localities, and probably this species has been
transported with plants.

Has. Hawaii, Kawailoa, Mauna Loa at 1500 feet (Perkins).

(3) Opeas pyrgiscus Pfeiffer.

Bulimus pyrgiscus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 24; Malak. Blatt.
1861, p. 15; Novit. Conch. 11. p. 425, pl. xcvr. figs. 10—12.
This form does not seem to have been found in recent years.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer).

Opeas striolata Pease, is recorded as Hawaiian by Nevill (Handlist Ind. Mus.
pt. 1. 1878, p. 166); it appears to be a manuscript name only.

CaeciLioiwes (Blainville) Herrmannsen.
(1) Caecthiordes baldwint Ancey.

Caecilianella baldwint Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 718.
I have followed Mr Smith (J. Conch. vi. pp. 341—342) as to the generic name.
Has. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey).

Fam, SUCCINEIDAE:
Succrnea Draparnaud.

Succinea Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. 1801, p. 55 (first species S. amphzdza Drap.).

The large number of unfigured species described from the Hawaiian Islands
renders the identification of specimens belonging to this puzzling group by no means
an easy task.

Pease proposed (J. Conchyl. xvi. 1870, p. 89) the genus Catznella for Succinea
rubida; also the genus 7ywella (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 459) for S. elongata.
I have thought it best to leave all the forms in Szccznea, and have listed the species in

alphabetical order.

MOLLUSCA 385

Two species collected by Mr Perkins still await identification; they are not
improbably new, but so many of the described species are unknown to me that I
consider it safer to leave them for the present. One is from Honolulu and Waianae
Mts. in Oahu, with a dwarf variety from the mountains of Molokai at 4000 feet ; the
other from Kau, Hawaii: both belong to the group of S. caze/la Gould.

(1) Swucctnea aurulenta Ancey.

Succtnea aurulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 242; Sykes,
Pa Malace soc eondon, 10 p27, pl. xi. figs 4:

Has. Hawaii, North Kona (Baldwin); Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins).

(2) Swccenea baldwint Ancey.
Succinea baldwint Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 250.
The specimens are identified from the description alone.

Has. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin); Haleakala at gooo feet (Perkins).

(3) Swuccenea brcolorata Ancey.

Succinea bicolorata Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, mt. (1899), p. 271, pl. xu.

fig. 2.

Has. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey).

(4) Swccenea caduca Mighels.

Succinea caduca Mighels, P. Boston Soc. u. (1845), p. 21; Gould, U. S. Explor.
Exped. Mollusca, pl. 1. fig. 3o.

Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin)—Molokai Mts. (Perkins)—Lanai Mts.
(Perkins).

(5) Szcctnea canella Gould.

Succinea canella Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 184; U. S. Explor. Exped.

Mollusca, pl. 11. fig, 20; Bland and Binney, Ann, Lyc. New York, x. p. 338
[jaw and radula}.

Mons, Ancey has named (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. pp. 245—7) varieties
crassa, obesula, mamillaris, and lucida.

Has. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin).—Molokai and Maui (Ancey).—Maui, Haleakala
at 5000 feet; Molokai Mountains (Perkins).

fo

386 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(6) Szccenea casta Ancey.

Succinea casta Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1899), p. 272, pl. xu. fig. 10.
Has. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey).

(7) Succenea cepulla Gould.

Succinea cepulla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 182; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Mollusca, pl. u. fig. 15.

Succinea fragilis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1. (1852), p. 501, pl. xxvii. figs.
18—20 [shell and animal: nec S. fragzlis King].

Succinea souleyett Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 255.

The synonymy given here and under S. votundata has been arrived at from a
careful comparison of the original descriptions and figures, and a study of the identifica-
tions made by Pfeiffer amongst the specimens in the British Museum. The shell
fizured by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Succénea, fig. 69), purporting to be Hawaiian, under
the name of S. fragzlis King, is not the present species.

Has. Hawaii (Gould, &c.).—Oahu, Tantalus, Head of Panoa Valley (Perkins).—
Molokai Mountains (Perkins).

(8) Succenea cinnamomea Ancey.
Succinea cinnamomea Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 247.
Plate XI fig. 32.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin); Mount Kaala (Perkins).

(9) Szccenea delicata Ancey.

Succinea delicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 243.
Has. East Maui (Ancey); Kula (Baldwin).

(10) Swccenea elongata Pease.

Succinea elongata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1870), p. 96.

A single specimen was found by Mr Perkins ; the species was only known to me by
the description. Authors refer to a S. elongata Beck, but I have failed to trace the
reference.

Has. Kauai (Pease); Waimea (Baldwin) ; Kaholuamano (Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 38

NI

(11) Swccinea explanata Gould.

Succinea explanata Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, p. 13, pl. u. fig. 31.
Has. Kauai (Gould); North side (Baldwin).

(12) Succtnea garrettiana Ancey.
Succinea garrettiana Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, mi. (1899), p. 272, pl. xu.
fig. 7.

Has. Hawaii, Rainbow Falls, Hilo (Ancey).

(13) Swcctnea inconspicua Ancey.

Succinea tnconspicua Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1899), p. 273, pl. xu.
fig. 9.
Has. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey).

(14) Succenea konaensis Sykes.

Succinea konaensts Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1897), p. 299.
late eel hie93 4.

Has. Hawaii, Mount Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins).

(15) Szccenea lumbatis Gould.
Succinea lumbalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1 (1847), p. 183; U. S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pl. 1. fig. 18.

Has. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin).—Kauai (Gould); Makaweli, and above

Waimea at 4000 feet (Perkins).

The specimens from ‘above Waimea’ have a more drawn out spire, but only
belong, I think, to a varietal form.

(16) Szccenea lutulenta Ancey.

Succinea lutulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 244.
Has. Maui (Ancey); Ulapalakua (Baldwin).

388 FAUNA HAWATITENSIS

(17) Succznea mautensts Ancey.

Succinea mautensts Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 248.

Has. Maui (Ancey); Makawao (Baldwin); Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins).

(18) Swucctnea newcombiana Garrett.

Succinea newcombiana Garrett, P. Calif. Ac. 1. (1857), p. 103.

A species closely related to S. cepulla and S. votwndata, but, if my identification of
the latter is correct, this is smaller, the mouth is rounder, and the last whorl not so
much inflated.

Has. Hawaii, district of Waimea (Garrett); Kohala Mountains (Perkins).

(19) Succenea protracta sp. nov.

Testa tenuis, aureo-rufa vel pallide-cornea, lineis incrementi obliquis bene
notata; spira producta, apice acutulo, mamillato; anfr. 35 convexi, sutura bene
impressa discreti, rapide accrescentes : apertura ovato-pyriformis, fere recta; peristoma
simplex, tenue, margine columellari arcuato, haud plicato. Long. 12°7, diam. maj. 6;
alt. ap. 8, lat. ap. 5 mm.

Plate XI. fig. 25.

Belongs to the group of S. aurulenta Ancey, but is much more elongate and
slender, and the suture is more impressed. A single white specimen from ‘Mauna Loa
at 3500’ feet I also refer to this species.

Has. Hawaii, Kau (Perkins).

(20) Szccinea punctata Pfeiffer.

Succinea punctata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Szccznea, fig. 29.

The specimens from Kohala Mts. are young and have the spire slightly more
depressed, but appear to belong to this form. The white spots shewn in Reeve’s
figure are much exaggerated : most specimens have a few blotches of a paler tint, but I
have seen none regularly spotted in the way the artist has represented them.

Has. Hawaii (Pfeiffer); Kohala Mountains, Olaa Puna, and Kona at 3000 feet
(Perkins).

MOLLUSCA 389

(21) Swcctnea rotundata Gould.

Succinea patula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 21 [nec S. Aatwla Brug.,
nec King.

Succinea rotundata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 182; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. 1. fig. 14 [shell and animal].

Succinea newcomb: Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297;
Novit. Conch. 1. pl. 1x. figs. 3—5 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succznea, fig. 61.

Has. Oahu (Gould, &c.).—Molokai (Pfeiffer).—Hawaii, Kohala (Perkins).

See the remarks under S. cepul/a, which species seems to be, like the present one,
widely scattered over the islands.

(22) Swccenea rubella Pease.

Succinea rubella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460.

The coloration of this species is very variable, and some specimens are found of a
straw-colour ; it appears to be close to S. canel//a Gould.

Has. Lanai (Pease); Mountains (Perkins).

(23) Szccenea rubtda Pease.

Succinea rubida Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1870), p. 97.
Has. Kauai (Pease); North side (Baldwin).

(24) Succenea thaanume Ancey.

Succinea thaanumt Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1899), p. 273, pl. x11. fig. 3.
Has. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey),.

(25) Swccenea venusta Gould.

Succinea venusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 186; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. i. fig. 25.
Has. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin); Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa Puna
(Perkins).
The specimens from Kona are whitish and slightly more shouldered.

390 FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

(26) Succinea vesicalis Gould.

Succinea vestcalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1847), p. 183; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. 11. fig. 17.

The figure given by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Szccznea, fig. 85) does not represent this
species.

Has. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Gould); Kau, and Mauna Loa at 2000 ft. (Perkins).

(27) Succtnea watanaensis Ancey.
Succinea waianaensts Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. (1899), p. 273, pl. x1.
i Gerali2:

Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Ancey).

SPECIES INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN OR ERRONEOUSLY RECORDED.

Succinea aperta Lea. Unknown to me; it has been doubtfully referred to
S. votundata.

Succinea approximata Shuttleworth, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Swccznea, fig. 27.
Apparently really refers to the West Indian S. apfproximans.

Succinea pudorina Gould, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Szccznea, figs. 43, 75.
Two apparently distinct species are figured by Reeve under this name ; he records
it, I think erroneously, from the ‘Sandwich Islands.’

The following appear to be only manuscript names.

S. apicalis Ancey, Makawao, Maui.

S. tenerrima Ancey, Hilo, Hawaii.

Fam. LIMNAEIDAE.
LimnaEA Lamarck.

Limnaea Lamarck, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1799, p. 75 (type elzx stagnalis L.).

The name Lzmnaea appears to have been used as early as 1791 by Poli for the
animals of Unzo, Anodonta and Chama; but his work is so peculiar, that I feel doubts
if this can be regarded as preoccupying the name for a genus,

MOLEUSCA 391

The question whether these forms—when sinistral—belong to Physa or Limnaea,
has for long proved to be a difficult one. Gould, when describing his Physa retcculata,
remarked “its form is so much that of a reversed Lzmnaea that | am almost tempted to
consider it one.” Pease, in his review of the Hawaiian species, stated that he was
“confident,” having examined the animals of several hundred specimens, that there was
no species of Physa in the Islands. He also remarked that sinistral and dextral
specimens of the same species may be found together. Prof. E. von Martens, in 1866,
expressed the view, here adopted, that these Hawaiian forms were really sinistral
species of Lzmnaea.

As shewing how little the literature has been studied, I may remark that as late
as 1889 Mr Cooke (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 142), when pointing out the
affinities with Lzmnaea of the so-called Physae of Australia, notes that ‘Tryon
mentions, but I have failed to trace on what authority, that sinistral Limnaeas occur
in the Sandwich Islands.”

Mighels described (P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 21) two species, producta and umbzlicata,
as Physae: according to Pease the types were destroyed by fire and, as the species
are unidentifiable from the diagnoses only, I have omitted them.

(1) Limnaea aulacospira Ancey.
Limnaea aulacospira Ancey, Naturaliste, (2) x1. (Dec. 1889), p. 290; Sykes,
P,.Malac. Soc. London, m1. pl. xu. fig. ro.
Has. Maui (Ancey); Haleakala at 5000 feet, and Iao Valley (Perkins).

(2) Lemnaea binomints, nom. nov.

Physa sandwichensis Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Piysa, p. 342, pl. xivi. fig. 7
(1886).

nec Limnaea sandwichensts Philippi.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).—Oahu, Mts. near Honolulu (Perkins).

(3) Lzmnaea compacta Pease.

Limnaea compacta Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vr. (1870), p. 6, pl. 11. fig. 4.

Limnaea ambigua, Pease, t. c. p. 6, pl. m1. fig. 5.

Physa flavida Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 364, pl. LI. fig. 9 (1886).

Has. Oahu (Pease).—(as L. amdigua) Kauai, Kapaa (Baldwin).—(as L. compacta)
all the Islands (Baldwin).

185 18k, lls 51

392 FAUNA HAWAIITENSIS

(4) Lemnaea hartmanni Clessin.

Physa hartmannt Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 371, pl. Liv. fig. 9 (1886).
Has. Hawaii (Clessin).

Some catalogues give a Limnaea hartmanni of Studer and of Charpentier, but I
cannot trace a described sfeczes of that name; there appears to be a variety of

L. ovatus Drap bearing the name.

(5) Lzmnaea moreletiana Clessin.

Physa moreletiana Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 341, pl. xtvut. fig. 3
(1886).
Unknown to me, but from the figure I think it may be a form of L. turgzdula

Pease. It appears not to be the Lzmnaea moreletiana Gassies, of Adams (Gen. Rec.

Moll. 1. p. 253).

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(6) Lemnaea naticordes Clessin.

Physa naticoides Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Pysa, p. 341, pl. xivin. fig. 5
(1886).

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(7) Lemnaea oahuensis Souleyet.

Limnaea oahuensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. mu. (1852), p. 527, pl. xx1x.
figs. 3s—41 [with animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Lzmnaea, sp. 90.

Limnaea affinis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1. p. 528, pl. xxix. figs. 42—44.

Limnaeus sandwichensis Philippi, Arch. Naturg. u. (1845), p. 63; Kuster,
Conchylien-Cabinet, Lzmnaea, p. 26, pl. iv. figs. 25, 26.

Limnaea volutata, Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 211; U. S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. 1x. fig. 142.

I defer to Pease’s experience and unite Souleyet’s two species ; though, from the

figures, I should have regarded them as distinct. It is not the Lzmnaeca affinis

of Beck.
Has. Oahu (Souleyet, Pease, &c.).—Oahu and Maui (Baldwin).

MOEECSEA

(8) Lzmnaea peaser Clessin.
Physa peaset Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 339, pl. xivi. fig. 8 (1886).

Judging from specimens received by the British Museum from the Morelet
collection, the figure is by no means good.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin).

(9) Lemnaea reticulata Gould.

Physa reticulata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 214; U.S. Explor. Exped.

Moll. pl. 1x. fig. 140; Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Physa, fig. 56; Clessin,
Conch.-Cab. Physa, p. 330, pl. xLvi. fig. 4.

Limnaea reticulata Gould, Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. p. 5.

Neither Sowerby nor Clessin appears to have been aware of Gould’s published
description of this species.

Has. Kauai (Pease).

(10) Limnaea rubella Lea.
Lymnaeus rubellus Lea, Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1x. (1843), p. 12.
Limnaea rubella Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. p. 5, pl. 11. figs. 1—3.
Pease was of opinion that this might prove to be a variety of L. oakuenszs Soul.

Has. Oahu (Lea).—Kauai (Pease) ;

Mts. between Lihue and the sea, also
Wailua river (Perkins).

(11) Ltmnaea turgidula Pease.

Limnaea turgidula Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. (July, 1870), p. 5, pl. 11. fig. 3.
Has. Oahu (Pease).

Ertmnna A. Adams.

Erinna newcombt A. Adams.

Evinna newcombt A. Adams, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 120; H. and

A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. mu. p. 644, pl. cxxxvi. fig. 9; Bland and Binney,
Ann. Lyc. New York, x. p. 349 [jaw and radula]; Binney, P. Ac. Philad.
1874, p. 54, pl. v. figs. 7—10 [jaw and radula|.

Has. Kauai, Hanalei River (Baldwin, &c.).

H. and A. Adams give as locality
“ Henata River, Kami.”

See also a note on the genus by Dr Jousseaume, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 1. (1874),
p. 25.

pi

394 FAUNA HAWAIIENSTS

Ancy us, Geoffroy.

Ancylus Geoffroy, Traité sommaire des coquilles,......... aux environs de Paris,
1767, p. 122 [type apparently 4. dacustris|,

Ancylus sharpt sp. nov.

Testa pygmaea, convexiuscula, hyalino-flavida; apertura elongato-elliptica, apice
obtusulo. Long. 2; lat. 11; alt. °8 mill.

Plate XII. figs. 14, 14 @.

An insignificant little form with no striking characters; there being no other
species recorded from the Islands, I venture to give these shells a name; they are
probably not adult.

Has. Oahu, on pali, head of Nuuanu Valley (Coll. Dr B. Sharp, commisit
H. A. Pilsbry).

Fam. MELANIIDAE.
Mevania Lamarck.

The genus appears to have been first put forward by Lamarck in 1799 (Mém.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75) and to have been also characterised by him in 1801 (Syst.
An. sans Vert. p. 91). In both cases the species named by him was A/elanza amarula
Lam., which is therefore the type.

(1) Melania baldwint Ancey.
Melania baldwini Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (July, 1899), p. 273, pl. xu.
fig. 6:
Has. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey).

(2) Melania tndefinita Lea.

Melania indefinita Lea, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 187; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. MWelania, fig. 56; Brot, Conch.-Cab. Me/anza, pl. xxim. fig. 7.
Melania newcombii Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. p. 6 [nec Lea, fide Brot].

Has. Oahu (Pease).
The Philippine specimens in coll. Cuming seem identical with some from Oahu,
named JZ, newconebit by Pease.

MOLLUSCA 395

(3) M€Jelania kauarensis Pease.

Melania kauatensis Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. (July 1870), p. 7, pl. 1. fig. 6.
Has. Kauai (Pease).—Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).
Probably the species of JZe/anza are scattered over the various islands and not

confined to any single locality; J. mauzensis, for example, has been found on
Maui, Molokai, Kauai, and Oahu.

(4) MZelania mauzensis Lea.

Melania mauiensis Lea, P. Ac. Philad. vit. (1857), p. 145; Brot, Conch.-Cab.
Melania, p. 322, pl. xxxu. figs. 7, 8, 8a.

Has. Maui (Lea).—Maui, Oahu, Kauai (Pease).—Maui, Molokai (Brot).—
Molokai, in taro patches, Pelekunu (Perkins).

Large specimens were found on Molokai by Mr Perkins, exact spot not recorded,
and a small race, kindly identified for me by the late Dr Brot, on Pelekunu. J/elanza
tahitensis Pease MS. is stated by Brot to be a synonym. Schepman (Notes Leyden
Mus. xiv. p. 158) has recorded the present species from the Island of Soemba.

(5) Melania newcombi Lea.
Melania newcombi Lea, P. Ac. Philad. vim. (1857), p. 145; Brot, Conch.-Cab,

Melania, p. 213, pl. xxiv. figs. 2, 2a.
Melania contigua Pease, Amer. J. Conch. vi. (July 1870), p. 7.

I follow Brot in uniting JZ. contigua Pease; he also places JZ. oahuensts Pease
MS. and WZ. faulla Dunker MS. in the synonymy.

Has. Oahu (Lea); In stream in mountain gulch near Honolulu (Perkins),—
Kauai (Pease).

(6) Melanta verreauxiana Lea.

Melania verrauiana (sic) Lea, P. Ac. Philad. vir. (1857), p. 144.
Melania verreauxiana Lea, J. Ac. Philad. n. s. vi. pl. xxi. fig. 27; Brot, Conch.-
Cab. Melanza, p. 32, pl. Iv. fig. 2.
Unknown to me and may not really be Hawaiian. Dr Brot considered it might
be a form of WZ. dargilhert: Phil.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Lea).

396 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fan, PALO DEST RIN TDA:
PaLupestrina D’Orbigny.
Paludestrina porrecta Mighels.

Paludina porrecta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 22.
Has. Oahu (Mighels).

Pam. HELICINIDAE:

Heticina Lamarck.

In 1799 (Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 77) the genus was described but no type
or species named; in 1801 (Syst. An. sans Vert. p. 94) the only species named was
Helicina neritella Lam., which may be taken as the type. Lamarck refers for a figure
to Lister (Hist. Conch. fig. 59), and this illustration appears to represent a //edczna,
though it is hard to be certain whether it be 77. xerztedla or not.

(1) Helicina lacinzosa Mighels.

FHelicina laciniosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 19; Gould, U.S. Explor.
Exped. Moll. pl. vu. fig. 108.
A very variable shell in size and coloration; it appears to be always more
compact and elevated than /7. sandwichiensts.
Has. Oahu (Mighels).— Kauai (Baldwin).—Lanai, behind Koele; also Kalamaula,

Molokai; Kaala, Oahu; and between Lihue and the sea, Kauai (Perkins).

(2) Helicina magdalenae Ancey.

Flelicina magdalenae Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vit. (1890), p. 342.
Flelicina constricta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 120; Conch.-Cab.
Ftelicina, p. 22, pl. vu. fig. 37—9 [both relate to his variety only].
Pfeiffer’s typical form came from ‘Otaheite’ and appears to belong to a different
species to his variety, which seems to be identical with this. Possibly forms may be

found linking 7. magdalenae to H. uberta.
Has. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey).

MOLLUSCA 397

(3) Helcena rotelloidea Mighels.

Helicina rotelloidea Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 1. (1845), p. 19; Pfeiffer, Conch.-
Cab. Helicina, p. 23, pl. 11. fig. 4o—3.

Flelicina bronniana Philippi, Zeitsch. Malak. rv. (1847), p. 124.

Has. Oahu (Mighels, &c.).

(4) Helicina sandwichiensis Souleyet.

Helicina sandwichiensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 1m. (1852), p. 529, pl. xxx.
figs. 1—5.
nec ? Hl. sandwichtensts Sowerby, Thes. Conch. m1. pl. ccLxx. figs. 173—4.
A variety “8” has been recorded by Pfeiffer as from the Loyalty Islands ;
probably this is an error. See Crosse, J. Conchyl. xu. p. 405.
Has. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin); at and below Kaala (Perkins).

(5) Helcina uberta Gould.

Helicina uberta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 202; U.S. Explor. Exped.
Moll. pl. vit. fig. 114.

Has. Maui and Oahu (Gould).—Oahu, below Kaala (Perkins).

SPECIES DOUBTFUL OR ERRONEOUSLY RECORDED.

Helicina antoni Pfeiffer. Originally recorded without locality; subsequently Pfeiffer
gave the Hawaiian Islands and the Gambiers. It really appears to come from
Honduras, and the Hawaiian habitat is probably erroneous, these supposed Hawatian
specimens belonging, as undoubtedly the Gambier Island shells do, to 7. azz Crosse
(eConchyl! xan. p) 227, pl. vi. tig. 8).

FHelicina crassilabris, Philippi. It has been suggested by Pfeiffer that this is
Hawaiian, but it really comes from Venezuela or the Caribbean Region.

Helicina fulgora Gould, originally described from Manua, Samoa Islands; it has
also been noted, but, I think, erroneously, from the Hawaiian Islands.

FHtelicina pisum Philippi. 1 think ‘Sandwich Is.” must have been a mistake and
possibly refers to Vate or Sandwich I.: it may be a slip for Savage I., from which
specimens, inseparable from this, undoubtedly do come. This appears not to be the
HT, pisum Hombr. and Jacq., which equals (7. ¢ahztenszs Pease.

398 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. NERITIDAE.
NeErRITINA Lamarck.

I have not seen the first Edition of the ‘ Philosophie Zoologique’ (1809) in which
this genus is said to occur, but in the second edition (1830) the name appears in French
only, with no diagnosis or named species (Vol. 1. p. 321). However in his ‘ Hist. An.
sans Vert.’ it is duly given in Latin with named species (Vol. vi. pt. 2, p. 182).
The first is WM. ferversa Gmel., which is the type of Montfort’s Vedates (1810)
under the more correct name of V. conozdea, but the others belong to Mevitina as

we understand it to-day.
(1) Nerttina cariosa Gray.

Nerita cariosa Gray, Wood, Index Test. Suppl. Verzta fig. 9 (1828).

Neritina sandwichensts Deshayes, An. sans Vert. Ed. 2, vii. (1838), p. 579.

Neritina convexa Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.).

Neritina nuttalli Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 276; Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11.

pl. xxxiv. figs. 43—46.

Neritina solidissima Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 1. p. 541, pl. cxvi. fig. 573.

I have not sufficient material to determine whether the large synonymy given by
Tryon (Man. Conch. x.) is fully justified. Prof. von Martens (Conch.-Cab. Neritina)
expressed the opinion (p. 276) that Merzé7na cariosa Gray does not really belong here,
but is a form of MV. mauritzz: this has been dealt with by Mr Smith (P. Zool. Soc.
London, 1884, p. 275).

Has. Hawaiian Islands (various authors).—Maui and Oahu (Baldwin).— Hawaii,
Hilo (Smith). j

(2) Neritena granosa Sowerby.
Neritina granosa Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App. p. x1. (1825); Conch. Ill. Merztina
fig. 6.

Neritina papillosa Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 2, 1839, pl. 1v. fig. 11.

Neripteron gigas Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 187.

Has. All the Islands (Baldwin).—Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins).

(3) Neretena lugubris Philippi.
Neritina lugubris Philippi, Abbild. Conchylien, 1. pt. 2, p. 20, pl. 1. fig. g (1845).

This has been placed as a synonym of JV. cariosa, but from the description and
figure it seems to be distinct.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Philippi).

MOLLUSCA 399

(4) Neritina neglecta Pease.

Neritina neglecta Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 435.

Has. Hawaiian Islands (Pease).

(5) Neritena vespertina Nuttall.

Neritina vespertina Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.) ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Merttzna, sp. 61.
? Neritina sandwichensis Desh., Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 82 [nec Deshayes |.

Has. All the Islands (Baldwin).

In conclusion I may call attention to three species, attributed to the Islands, which
do not really belong to their fauna.

Partula terrestris Pease. Apparently a manuscript name; it has appeared in
Paetel’s ‘Catalog’ and in the Mon. Helic. Viv. (Vol. vu. p. 209) with the
habitat of ‘I. Sandwich.’ According to Dr Hartman, it is a synonym of
P. approximans Pease, from Raiatea.

Spiraxis sandwicensis was described by Pfeiffer (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856,
p. 335) as from the Hawaiian Islands. It appears to me to be a form of the
Bulimus lactifluus of Pfeiffer, described from Chili, and I feel no doubt the
Hawaiian habitat is erroneous.

Bulimus kauaiensis was described by Pfeiffer in the same volume (p. 332). It is
probably also Chilian and very close to Bulimus albicans Brod.; but I am not
quite sure of the identity, as the shell is slightly more succineiform.

Finally, it may be noted that a specimen of Viviparus chinensis Gray, doubtless
imported for food, was collected by Mr Perkins at “ Wailuku,” Maui.

My 18h JO 52

§ 3. Bibliographic List (arranged alphabetically).

Apams, A. Descriptions of two new genera and several new species of Mollusca, from the collection
of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [August to December], pp. 119—124.

Apams, C. B. Descriptions of new species of Partuda and Achatinella. Ann. Lyc. New York, v.
(1852), pp» 41—44.

—. Contributions to Conchology. Vol. 1. No. 8, 1850, pp. 125—128.

Apams, H. & A. The Genera of recent Mollusca. London, 3 vols. 8vo, 1853—1858.

ALBERS, J. C. Die Heliceen. Berlin, 8vo, 1850.

Ancey, C. F. Etude sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Bull. Soc. Malac. France, v1.
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+—. Mbollusques nouveaux de l’Archipel d’Hawai, de Madagascar, et de |’Afrique équatoriale.
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—. Diagnoses de Mollusques nouveaux. Naturaliste, ser. 2, an. ili (1889), p. 266 [Leptachatina
columna, N. Sp. ]-

—. Descriptions de Mollusques nouveaux. T. c. pp. 290, 291 [Limnaea aulacospira, n. sp.}-

——. Etudes sur la faune malacologique des fles Sandwich. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892),
pp. 708—722.

——. Etudes sur la faune malacologique des files Sandwich. Op. cit. vi. (1893), pp. 321—330-

—. Descriptions de deux nouvelles espéces de Mollusques. Naturaliste, ser. 2, an. xi (1897),
p- 178 [Amastra durandi, n. sp.].

—. Description d’un mollusque nouveau. T. c. p. 222 [Leptachatina approximans, n. sp.].

—. Some notes on the non-marine molluscan fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, with diagnoses
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Batpwin, D. D. Catalogue [of] land and fresh-water shells of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu,
8vo, 1893, 25 pp.

—. Descriptions of new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. P. Ac. Philad.
1895, pp. 214—236, pls. x, XI.

——. Descriptions of two new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Nautilus,
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Barnacie, H. G. Musical sounds caused by Achatinellae. J. Conch. tv. (1883), p. 118.

Beck, H. Index Molluscorum praesentis aevi musei...... Christiani Frederici. Havniae, 1837,
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Benson, W. H. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the Flora and Fauna of that Island.
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Bercu, R. Anatomische Untersuchung des Z7ibontophorus schuttet, Kefstr., sowie von Philomycus
carolinensis (Bosc) und australis (Bergh). Verh. Ges. Wien, xx. (1870), pp. 843—868,
pls. XI—xuI.

MOLLUSCA 401

Binney, W. G. On some of the species of naked Pneumonobranchous Mollusca of the United
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—. On the anatomy and lingual dentition of 47z0/émax and other Pulmonata. P. Ac. Philad. 1874,
pp. 33—62, pls. 1—xI.

—. On the genitalia, jaw, and lingual dentition of certain species of Pulmonata [with a note
on the classification of the Achatinellae, by Thomas Bland]. Ann. Lyc. New York, x1. (1875),
pp. 166—196, pls. x1I—xvi1l.

—. On the lingual dentition, jaw, and genitalia of Cavelia, Onchidella, and other Pulmonata.
P. Ac. Philad. 1876, pp. 13—92, pl. vi.

—. Notes on the jaw and lingual dentition of Pulmonate Mollusks. Ann. N. York Ac. m1. 1884,
pp- 79—136, pls. 11—xVI.

Bianp, T. & Binney, W. G. On the lingual dentition and anatomy of Achatinella and other
Pulmonata. Ann. Lyc. New York, x. (Nov. 1873), pp. 331—350, pls. Xv, XVI.

Borertcer, O. Die Pupa-Arten Oceaniens. In von Martens’ Conch, Mittheil. 1. (1880), pp. 45—72,
pls. x—x1I.

Cuamisso, A. DE. Species novas Conchyliorum terrestrium ex insulis Sandwich dictis attulit. Acta
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Cuessin, S. Nomenclator Heliceorum Viventium. Cassel, 8vo, 1881.

Cotuince, W. E. On a collection of Slugs from the Sandwich Islands. P. Malac. Soc. London, 1.
(April, 1896), pp. 46—51, figs.

——. On a further collection of Slugs from the Hawaiian (or Sandwich) Islands. Tom. cit.
(Nov. 1897), pp. 293—297, figs.

——. On the anatomy and systematic position of some recent additions to the British Museum
collection of Slugs. J. Malac. vit. (1900), pp. 77—85, pls. Iv, Vv.

Cooks, A. H. On the generic position of the so-called Physae of Australia. P. Zool. Soc. London,
1889, pp. 136—143, figs.

Crossr, H. Note complémentaire sur quelques espéces de mollusques habitant Vile Kauai (iles
Hawaii). J. Conchyl. xxiv. (1876), pp. 95—99, pls. I pars, 11 pars, IV pars.

Desuayes, G. P. [See Firussac & Desnayes.]

Dixon, G. A voyage round the world. London, 1789 [cf. p. 354].

DRAPARNAUD, J. ‘Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris, 8vo, 1801.

——. Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris and Montpellier,

1805.
Férussac, D. pe. Tableaux Systématiques des animaux mollusques...... suivis d’un Prodrome
général....... Paris, folio, 1822.

—. [Review of Swainson’s description of Achatined/a.] Bull. Sci. Nat. xvi. (1829), pp. 138—141.

—— & Desuayes, G. P. Histoire naturelle...... des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles....... Paris,
folio, 1820—1851.

Fitzincer, L. J. Verzeichniss der im Erzherzogthum Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als
Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. m1. (1833), pp. 88—122.

Garmarp, —. [See Quoy & Garmarp.]

Garrett, A. On new species of marine shells of the Sandwich Islands. P. Calif. Ac. 1. (1854—7)
(second edition, 1873), pp. 114, 115 [Succimea newcombiana, n. sp. ].

Georrroy, E. L. Traité sommaire des coquilles, tant fluviatiles que terrestres, qui se trouvent aux
environs de Paris. Paris, 1767, 12mo.

52—2

402

FAUNA HAWATIENSIS

Goutp, A. A. [Descriptions of shells from the Sandwich Islands.] P. Boston Soc. 1. (1843—4),
PP: 139; 174-

—. Descriptions of land shells from the Sandwich Islands. Op. cit. 1. (1845), pp. 26—28.

——. Descriptions of new shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition belonging
to the genus He/ix. Tom. cit. (1846), pp. 171—173, 177.

——. Descriptions of new shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition. Tom. cit.
(1847), pp. 181, 182—7, 191, 197, 200—2, 211, 214.

—. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the
command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Mollusca and Shells. Philad. 1852, 4to, with folio
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——. Descriptions of new genera and species of shells. P. Boston Soc. vi. (Feb. 1862), pp. 280—284.

Gray, J. E. Catalogue of the Pulmonata in the British Museum. Part I. London, 8vo, 1855.

GREEN, J. New species of Achatina, with remarks on the Ti, or the Dracena terminalis, of the
Sandwich Islands. Contrib. Maclurian Lye. 1. no. 2 (July, 1827), pp. 47—5o, pl. 1v.

—. Remarks on the Achatina stewartit. T.c. no. 3 (Jan. 1829), pp. 66, 67.

Gutick, J. T. Descriptions of new species of Achatinella from the Hawaiian Islands. Ann. Lyc.
New York, vi. pp. 173—255, pls. vi—vu11 [pp. 173 —230 bear date Dec. 1856, while pp. 231—255
are dated Feb. 1858: diagnoses reprinted Malak. Blatt. v. (1858), pp. 198—224].

—. On the variation of species as related to their geographical distribution, illustrated by the
Achatinellinae. Nature, vi. (July 18, 1872), pp. 222—224.

—. On the classification of the Achatinellinae. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, pp. 89—91.

—. On diversity of evolution under one set of external conditions. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. x1.
Pp. 496—505.

—. Lessons in the theory of divergent evolution, drawn from the distribution of the land shells of

the Sandwich Islands. P. Boston Soc. xxiv. (1890), pp. 166, 167.

& Smiru, E. A. Description of new species of Achatinellinae. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873,

pp. 73—89, pls. 1X, x.

Gwarkin, H. M. & Suter, H. with prefatory note by Pitspry, H. A. Observations on the dentition
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Harrman, W. D. A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Awriculella, Pfeiffer.
P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pp. 14, 15.

——. A bibhographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Achatinella. Tom. cit. pp. 16—56,
pl. 1.

——. New species of shells from the New Hebrides and Sandwich Islands. Tom. cit. pp. 250—252,
pl. xu. [? 1889'}.

HartMann, J. D. W. Erd- und Susswasser-Gasteropoden. St Gall, 1840.

Hassett, F. C. van. Extrait d'une lettre de F. C. van Hasselt sur les mollusques de Vile de
Java, adressée au Prof. van Swinderen 4 Groningue. Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. 111. (1824), pp. 81—87.

HeyNeMANN, F. D. Die Zungen von fartula und Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. xiv. (1867),
pp. 146—159, pl. 1.

——. Die Kiefer von Philomycus carolinensis, Bosc, und australis, Bergh. Nachrbl. Deutsch.
malak. Ges. 11. (1871), pp. 1, 2, pl. 1 pars.

Hyatt, A. Evolution and migration of Hawaiian land-shells. P. Amer. Ass. xLvu. (1898),
PP. 357, 358.

Jay, J.C. A catalogue of the shells...... in the collection of John C. Jay. Ed. 3, 1839, 4to.

JoussEauME, Dr. Des genres Zrinna et Lantzia. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 11. (1874), p- 25.

1 The sheet is certified by a note in the volume, dated Feb. 6, 1888 (sic), signed E. J. Nolan, to have been

presented on Oct. 23, 1888.

MOLLUSCA 403

KErerstEIn, W. Ueber die Anatomie der Gattungen Incillaria, Benson, und Meghimatium, Hasselt,
im Vergleich mit der von Philomycus, Rafinesque. Malak. Blatt. x11. (1866), pp. 64—709, pl. 1.

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———. Die geographische Verbreitung der Mollusken. 11. Die Inselfaunen. Op. cit. vi. (1879),
PP. 195— 224.

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——. Systtme des animaux sans vertébres. Paris, 1801.

__. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Paris, 7 vols., 1815—1822.

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——. Descriptions of fifteen new species of exotic Melaniana. P. Ac. Philad. vit. (1857),
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——._ Observations on the genus Unio, &c. Vol. x1. 1866.

___ New Unionidae, Melaniidae, &c., chiefly of the United States. J. Ac. Philad. n. s. vI. (1867),
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404

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

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MOLLUSCA 405

PFEIFFER, L. Descriptions of thirty new species of Helicea, belonging to the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
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—. Descriptions of twenty new species of Helicea, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit.
Pp- 37—41.

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——. Descriptions of twenty-nine new species of //edicina from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
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——. Nachtrage zur L. Pfeiffer Monographia Heliceorum: zu Vol. 11. Zeitschr. fiir Malak. vi. (1849),
pp. 85—95.

——. Beschreibungen neuer Landschnecken. Zeitschr. Malak. vu. (1850), pp. 65—80 [Helix
disculus, n. sp., p. 68; cf. p. 153]-

——. Nothwendige Vertauschung einiger Nahmen. Zeitschr. Malak. rx. (1852), pp. 62—64.

—. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Helicea from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [July to Dec. 1853], pp. 252—263.

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[March to May, 1854], pp. 56—7o.

——. Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of Mr Cuming. Op. cit.
1853 [1854], pp. 124—128.

—. Skizze einer Monographie der Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. 1. (1854), pp. 112—145.

——. Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach natiirlichen Gruppen. Op. cit. 1. (1855),
pp. 112—185.

——. Descriptions of forty-two new species of He/ix, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, pp. 49—57.

—. Descriptions of fifty-seven new species of Helicea from Mr Cuming’s collection. Tom. cit.
1854 [May, 1855], pp. 286—208.

——. Descriptions of twenty-seven new species of Achatinedla from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.,
collected by Dr Newcomb and by Mons. D. Frick, late Consul-General of France at the Sandwich
Islands. Op. cit. 1855 [March], pp. 1—7, pl. xxx.

——. Descriptions of forty-seven new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Tom. cit. [July], pp. 94—rot.

——. Descriptions of nine new species of Helicea from Mr Cuming’s collection. Tom. cit. [August],
pp. 106—108, pl. xXxxu.

—. Descriptions of twenty-three new species of Achatinella, collected by Mons. D. Frick in the
Sandwich Islands ; from Mr Cuming’s collection. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 202—206.

——. Descriptions of sixteen new species of Achatinella, from Mr Cuming’s collection, collected
by Dr Newcomb in the Sandwich Islands. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 207—210.

—. Descriptions of five new species of Terrestrial Mollusca, chiefly from the collection of
H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 210, 211.

——. Weitere Beobachtungen tber die Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. 1. (1854—1855),
pp. 1—7, 64—7o°.

——. Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach nattrlichen Gruppen. Tom. cit. (1855—1856),
pp. 112—185.

——. Descriptions of twenty-five new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, pp. 32—36.

——. Descriptions of fifty-eight new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Tom. cit. [March, 1851], pp. 324—336.

—. Ueber die in Gould’s Expedition Shells beschriebenen und abgebildeten Landschnecken.
Malak. Blatt. rv. (1857), pp. 29—37-

406

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

PFEIFFER, L. Neue Landschnecken. Tom. cit. pp. 85—89.

——. Diagnosen neuer Heliceen. Tom. cit. pp. 229—232.

——. Descriptions of eleven new species of land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858 [March], pp. 20—23, pl. XL.

——. Descriptions of twenty-seven new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Op. cit. 1859, pp. 23—29 [Helix hystricella, n. sp., p. 25].

—. Descriptions of eight new species of Achatinella, from Mr Cuming’s collection. Tom. cit.
pp. 30—32.

—. Descriptions of forty-seven new species of land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Op. cit. 1861, pp. 20—29 [Bulimus pyrgiscus, n. sp., p. 24].

Puiwippl, A. R. Diagnosen einiger neuen Conchylien. Arch. Naturg. 1845, 11. pp. 50—71 [Zzmnaea
volutata, n. sp., p. 63].

——. Testaceorum novorum centuria (continuatio). Zeitschr. Malak. rv. (1847), pp. 113—127.

—. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen...... Conchylien. Cassel, 1845—1851, 3 vols.

Pitspry, H. A. Relations of the land-molluscan fauna of South America. P. Ac. Philad. 1899,
p- 226 [reprinted Ann, Nat. Hist. 1v. (1899), p. 156].

——. [See also Gwarkin, Tryon. ]

Quoy, — & Garmarp, —. Voyage autour du monde...... Uranie et Physicienne....... Paris, 1824.
Reciuz, C. A. Descriptions de quelques nouvelles espéces de Nérites vivantes. Rev. Zool. 1841,
Pp- 274—276.

REEvE, L. Conchologia Iconica. Monographs relating to Achatinella, Helix, &c.

SEMPER, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Band 11. Landmollusken. Wiesbaden, 4to,
1870—1894.

SEMPER, O. Note relative aux genres Balea et Zemesa. J. Conchyl. xiv. (1866), pp. 41—45.

SENONER, —. Extrait d’une lettre par M. Senoner. Bull. Soc. Malac. Belgique, vil. pp. cxx, cxxi.

Smit, E. A. Description of a new species of Hedix. Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. (1877 Sept.), p. 242.

—. Anaccount of the land and fresh-water mollusca collected during the Voyage of the ‘ Challenger’
from December 1872 to May 1876. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, pp. 258—281, pls. Xx, XXII.

——. [See also GuLick.]

SOULEYET, —. Voyage autour du monde...... sur la corvette Bonite. Vol. 11. 1852, Paris.

——. Descriptions de quelques coquilles terrestres appartenant aux genres Cyclostome, Helice, &c.
Rev. Zool. 1842, pp. 101, 102.

SowErRsy, G. B. <A catalogue of the shells...... of the late Earl of Tankerville....... London, 8vo, 1825.

——. The Conchological illustrations. London, 8vo, 1841.

——. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Various Monographs.

Suter, H. [See Gwarkin.]

Swainson, W. The characters of Achatine/la, a new group of terrestrial shells, with descriptions
of six species. Quart. J. Sci. Lit. and Arts, 1. (1828), pp. 81—86.

—. Zoological Illustrations. Ser. u. London, 1832—1833.

Sykes, E.R. Preliminary diagnoses of new species of non-marine mollusca from the Hawaiian Islands.
Parts 1, 2. P. Malac. Soc. London, 1. pp. 126—132 (Oct. 1896), 298, 299 (Nov. 1897).

——. Contributions towards a list of papers relating to the non-marine mollusca of the Hawaiian
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—. Illustrations of, with notes on, some Hawaiian non-marine mollusca. P. Malac. Soc. London,
ul. (July, 1899), pp. 275, 276, pl. x11 pars, and xiv.

Tryon, G. W. Manual of Conchology. Series 2. Vols. 11 (1886), 1x (1894). Philadelphia.

Woop, W. Index Testaceologicus. Supplement. London, 1828.

MOLLUSCA

§ 4, List of named forms which are placed in this work as
varieties or synonyms.

PAGE
acuta Newcomb (Ach.) = elongata Newcomb (Amastra) . : : : : 349
acuta Swainson (Ach.) = spirizona Fer. (Amastra) : 3 ‘ : ; : 344
adamsi Newcomb (Ach.) = marmorata Gould (Ach.) . . 6 . . c 314
adusta Reeve (Ach.) = vulpina Fer. (Ach.) : : : . : ; . 327
adusta Gould (Ach.) = bicolor Jay (Carelia) 5 é . : : : : 373
affinis Souleyet (Limnaea) = oahuensis Souleyet (Limnaca) . ¢ F 5 0 392
alba Nuttall (Ach.) = lorata Fér. (Ach.) . : ‘ : : : : ; 303
albescens Gulick (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (Ach.) ° c : : 5 : 323
albida Pfeiffer (Amastra) = spirizona Fér., var. (Amastra) . o . : : 344
albofasciatus Smith (Apex) = vittata Reeve (Ach.) . : * : . ; 304
ambigua Pease (Limnaea) = compacta Pease (Limnaea) - : : : : 391

ampulla Gulick (Ach.) = tappaniana Adams (Ach.) . : . : : ; 318
analoga Gulick (Ach.) = vulpina Fér., var. (Ach.) d . . : : : 328

aplustre Newcomb (Ach.) = bilineata Reeve (Ach.) . : . 6 : ; 321
armatus Mighels (Budimus) = auricula Fer. (Auric.) . : : , 0 : B75
attenuata Pfeiffer (Bul.) = terebva Newcomb (Ach.) . : : 6 ; 5 319
bacca Reeve (Ach.) = abbreviata Reeve (Ach.) . c : : ; : : 305
bacillaris Mousson (Zornat.) = oblonga Pease (Tornat.) : : : 2 : 382
baileyana Gulick (Ach.) = splendida Neweorb (Ach.) . - 0 5 ¢ : 318
baldwini Ancey (Hyalinia) = pauxilla Gould (Vitrea) ; : ; : . 279
baldwinii Newcomb (Ach.) = magna Adams (Amastra) . : : ; : 339
bellula Smith (Ach.) = ligata Smith (Ach.) . ; : : : : : : 325
brevis Pfeiffer (Ach.) = nucleola Gould (Amastra) 6 : . : ; 353
bronniana Philippi (Helicina) = rotelloidea Mighels (Helicina) 5 : : . 397
bulbosa Gulick (Ach.) = picta Mighels, var. (Amastra) : 0 . 5 : 351
caesia Gulick (Ach.) = buddit Newcomb (Ach) . : : : ; c : 321
candida Pfeiffer (Bul.) =-ovata Newcomb (Ach.) c : : : : . 308
castanea Reeve (Ach.) = vulpina Fér. (Ach.) : c : : . F 327
chlorotica- Pfeiffer (Newcombia) = spirizona Feér., var. (ariasta) 0 : ; 344
cinerosa Pfeiffer (Ach.) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.) 3 : : 0 : c 302
clara Pfeiffer (Ach.) = striatula Gould (Leftach.) 5 ‘ ; 5 : : 370
clementina Pfeiffer (Ach.) = abbreviata Reeve (Ach.) . : : : . : 305
cognata Gulick (Ach.) = casta Newcomb (Ach.) . c 6 ; : : ; 322
concavospira Pfeiffer: (Ach.) = napus Pfeiffer (Ach.) . 4 6 : ; : 303
concidens Gulick (Ach.) = decora Fér. (Ach.) : : : : : ‘ 6 301
coniformis Gulick (Ach.) = decora Fér., var. (Ach) - é c : . : 301
consanguinea Smith (Ach.) = livida Swainson (Ach.) . : ° : : é 325
conspersa Pfeiffer (Ach.) = reticulata Newcomb (Amastra) . : : : : 343
contigua Pease (Melania) = newcombii Lea (Melania) . : 0 0 : : 395
contracta ‘Gulick (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (Ach.) : : . : Q : 323
convexa Nuttall (Weritina) = cariosa Gray (Neritina) . : 2 : : : 398

corrugata:- Gulick (Ach.) = rugosa Newcomb (Ach.) . : ‘ : ; : 309
125 Jel ahs

408

FAUNA HAWAITIENSIS

corusca Gulick (Ach.) = terebra Newcomb (Ach.)

costulosa Pease (Pupa) = newcombi Pfeiffer (Pupa) :
crassidentata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vulpina Fér., var. (Ach.) :
crocea Gulick (Ach.) = fignaria Gulick, var. (Ach.)
cylindrata Pease (Lefptach.) = exilis Gulick (Leptach.) .
decepta Adams (Ach.) = variegata Pfeiffer (Amastra) .
densilineata Reeve (Partula) = radiata Gould (Ach.) .
dentata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = labiata Newcomb (Leftach.) «

deshayesti Morelet, pars (Ach.) = assimilis Newcomb (Amastra) .
deshayesit Morelet, pars (Ach.) = biplicata Newcomb (Amastra) .

dimidiata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = cingula Mighels (Leptach.)
dimondi Adams (Ach.) = gravida Fér. (Amastra) ‘
dimorpha Gulick (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (Ach.) < 2
disculus Pfeiffer (7Zelix) = exaeguata Gould (Philonesia) .
discus Pfeiffer (Helix) = exaeguata Gould (Philonesia) -
diversa Gulick (Ach.) = vulpina Féy., var. (Ach.)
dumartroyt Souleyet (Partula) = auricula Fér. (Auriculella)
dunkert Pfeiffer (Ach.) = producta Reeve (Ach.) .

eburnea Gulick (Ach.) = tappaniana Adams (Ach.)
emmersonit Newcomb (Ach.) = fivida Swainson (Ach.) 5
Jasctata Gulick (Ach.) = tappaniana Adams (Ach.)
Jerussact Pfeiffer (Lam.) = sanguinea Newcomb (Amastra) .
Jilocostata Pease (Helix) = paucicostata Pease (Endodonta) .
fiavida Clessin (Physa) = compacta Pease (Limnaea) .
Jiavidus Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)
Sorbesiana Pfeiffer (Bul.) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)

Jragilis Gulick (Ach.) = guttula Gould (Leptach.)

Sragilis Souleyet (Succinea) = cepulla Gould (Succinea) :
Jricki Pfeiffer (Ach.) = glabra Newcomb (Acf.) «

Sricki Pfeiffer (Helix) = lamellosa Fér. (Endodonta)
fuliginea Pfeiffer (Ach.) = bicolor Jay (Carelia)

Juliginosa Gould (Ach.) = tristis Fér. (Amastra) . :
Julva Pfeiffer (Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb (Ach.) 5 5
Suscolineata Smith (Ach.) = vulpina Fér. (Ach.) .
Juscozona Smith (Ach.) = buddii Newcomb (Ach.) 5
Susiformis Pfeiffer (Ach.) = mucronata Newcomb (Amastra)
gigantea Newcomb (Ach.) = violacea Newcomb (Amastra)
gigas Lesson (iVeripteron) = granosa Sby. (Veritina) . :
glauca Gulick (Ach.) = sonata Gulick (Ach.) < - c
globosa Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vittata Reeve (Ach.) 5 ;
goniostoma Pfeiffer (Ach.) = affinis Newcomb (Amastra)
gouldi Pfeiffer (Bulimus) = radiata Gould (Ach.)

granifera Gulick (Ach.) = accincta Mighels (Leptach.) .
grossa Pfeiffer (Ach.) = porphyria Newcomb (Amastra)
gulickit Smith (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.) .

gummea Gulick (Ach.) = guttula Gould (Leftach.) c
hartmani Newcomb (Leftach.) = ? extincta Pfeiffer (Amastra)
hawattensis Baldwin (Ach.) = physa Newcomb (Ach.) .
herbacea Gulick (Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb (Ach.)

PAGE
319
295
328
314
361
347
317
365
334
334
359
35°
323
283
283
328
375
326
318
325
318
351
291
391
300
300
363
386
3°7
287
373
346
319
327
321
340°
347
398
329
304
333
317
356
341
300
363
336
316
397

MOLEOSCA

hybrida Newcomb (Ach.) = producta Reeve (Ach.)

induta Gulick (Ach.) = marmorata Gould (Ach.)
innotabilis Smith (Apex) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.)
tnornata Mighels (Ach.) = turritella Fér. (Amastra)
insignis Reeve (Ach.) = virgulata Mighels (Ach.) :
intercarinata Mighels (Helix) = contorta Fér. (Endodonta) .
Johnsont Newcomb (Ach.) = bilineata Reeve (Ach.)

juncea Gulick (Ach.) = casta Newcomb (Ach.)

lacrima Gulick (Ach.) = glutinosa Pfeiffer (Leptach.)

lactea Gulick (Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb (Ach.)

lagena Gulick (Ach.) = labiata Newcomb (Leftach.)
leucophaeus Gulick (Afex) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.)
leucorraphe Gulick (Apex) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.)
leucozonus Gulick (Apex) = napus Pfeiffer (Ach.).

liliacea Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vulpina Feér., var. (Ach.)

liliaceus Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)

limbata Gulick (Ach.) = byronit Wood (Ach.)

liratus Pfeiffer (Budimus) = plicata Pfeiffer (LVewcombia)
livida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vulpina Fér. (Ach.) .

lugubris Chemn. (Zurbo) = apexfulva Dixon (Ach.)

lurida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = castanea Pfeiffer (Auriculella) .
luteola Fér. (Helix) = ? turritella Fér. (Amastra)
macrostoma Pfeiffer (Ach.) = taentolata Pfeiffer (Ach.) .
magdalenae Ancey (Pupa) = lyrata Gould (Pipa)
mahoganit Gulick (Ach.) = byronit Wood (Ach.)

manoaensis Newcomb (Ach.) = ventulus Fér. (Amastra)
margarita Pfeiffer (Ach.) = accincta Mighels (Leftach.)
melampoides Pfeiffer (Ach.) = ventulus Fér. (Amastra)
melanostoma Newcomb (Ach.) = byronit Wood (Ach.) .
microstoma Gould (Ach.) = textilis Fér. (Amastra)
monacha Pfeiffer (Ach.) = multilineata Newcomb (Ach.)
multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (Bul.) = bvronit Wood, var. (Ach.)
multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (Bul.) = oviformis Pfeiffer (Ach.)
mustelina Mighels (Ach.) = decora Fér., subsp. (Ach.)
myrrhea Gulick (Ach.) = gould? Newcomb (Ach.)

nacca Gould (Pupa) = pediculus Shuttlw., var. (Pupa)
neglectus Smith (Apex) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.)
newcombi Pfeiffer (Helix) = caperata Gould (Godwinia)
newcombi Pfeiffer (Ach.) = turricula Mighels (Carelia)
newcombit Pfeiffer (Succinea) = patula Mighels (Succinea)
newcombianus Pfeiffer (Lulimus) = pfeifferi Newcomb (enone)
nigrolabris Smith (Amastra) = spirtzona Fér., var. (Amastra)
nivosa Newcomb (Ach.) = abbreviata Reeve (Ach.)

nobilis Pieiffer (Ach.) = lorata Fér. (Ach.)

nucleola Reeve (Ach.) = albolabris Newcomb Chae
nuttalli Récluz (lVeritina) = cartosa Gray (iVeritina) .
nympha Gulick (Ach.) = byronit Wood, var. (Ach.)
oahuensis Green (Achatina) = turritella Fér. (Amastra)
obclavata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = sandwicensis Pfeiffer (Leptach.)

409

410

FAUNA HAWAIENSIS

obeliscus Reeve (Achatina) = turricula Mighels (Carelia)
obeliscus Pfeiffer (Ach.) = newcombi Pfeiffer (Auriculella)
obligua Gulick (Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson (Ach.)

obscura Newcomb (Ach.) = moesta Newcomb (Amastra)
obtusangula Pfeiffer (Helix) = exaeguata Gould (Philonesia)
octavula Paetel (Leptach.) = sandwicensis Pfeiffer (Leptach.)
oomorpha Gulick (Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson (Ach.) .
owathiensis Chamisso (Aurtc.) = auricula Fér. (Auriculella)
pallida Nuttall (Ach.) = lorata Fér. (Ach.) .

popillosa Gray (Nerttina) = granosa Sby. (Neritina)
parvula Gulick (Ach.) = vitreola Gould (Leptach.)

patula Smith (Auric.) = diaphana Smith (Auric.)

perforata Gulick (Ach.) = terebra Newcomb (Ach.)
perversa Swainson (Ach.) = decora Fér. (Ach.) P
pexa Gulick (Ach.) = buddi Newcomb (Ach.) ; j
phaeozona Gulick (Ach.) = ovata Newcomb (Ach.) .
pica Swainson (Ach.) = apexfulva Dixon (Ach.) . :
planospira Pfeiffer (Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb (Ach.)
platystyla Gulick (Ach.) = glabra Newcomb (Ach.)
plumata Gulick (Ach.) = buddit Newcomb (Ach.)
polymorpha Gulick (Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. (Ach.)
ponderosa Ancey (Auric.) = crassula Smith (Auric.)
prasina Reeve (Ach.) = olivacea Reeve (Ach.)

pulcherrima Swainson (Ach.) = byrontt Wood (Ach.)
pultherrima Reeve (Ach.) = vulpina Fér., var. (Ach.) .
pulla Pfeiffer (Ach.) = pusilla Newcomb (Amastra)

pumila Gulick (Ach.) = modesta Adams (Amastra)

pusillus Gould (Felix) = pauxillus Gould (Vitrea)
pygmaea Smith (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (Ach/.) .

radiata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = viridans Mighels (Ach.)

recta Newcomb (Ach.) = byrontt Wood, var. (Ach.)

reevel Adams (Ach.) = livida Swainson (Ach.)

rhodoraphe Smith (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (Ach.)

rohvi Pfeiffer (Budimus) = virgulata Mighels (Ach.)
rotundata Gould (Succinea) = patula Mighels (Succinea)
rubens Pfeiffer (Ach.) = mastersi Newcomb (Amastra)
rubiginosa Gould (felix) = jugosa Mighels (Endodonta)
rubiginosa Newcomb (Ach.) = taeniolata Pfeiffer (Ach.)
rudis Pfeiffer (Ach.) = spirizona Fér., var. (Amastra) .
rustica Gulick (Amastra) = affints Newcomb (Amastra)
rutila Newcomb (Ach.) = viridans Mighels (Ach.)
sandwichensis Clessin (Physa) = binomints Sykes (Limnaea)

sandwichensis Philippi (Limnaca) = oahuensts Souleyet (Limnaea)

sandwichensis Deshayes (Neritina) = cariosa Gray (eritina)
scitula Gulick (Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb (Ach.)

semicarinata Newcomb (Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb, var. (Ach.)

seminigva Lamarck (Monodonta) = apexfulva Dixon (Ach.) .
setigera Gould (Helix) = hystrix Pfeiffer (Endodonta) .
similarts Pease (Amastra) = rugulosa Pease, var. (Amastra)

PAGE
374
377
306
34°
283
308
306
375
3°93
398
372
376
319
301
321
308
2098
3°7
3°97
321
299
376
326
306
328
342
339
279
323
310
306
325
323
320
389
339
290
310
344
333
311
391
392
398
3°97
320
2098
290
354

MOLLUSCA

simulans Reeve (Ach.) = vittata Reeve (Ach.)
sinistrorsa Chamisso (Auric.) = auricula Fér, (Auric.)
solida Gulick (Ach.) = splendida Newcomb (Ach.)
solidissima Sby. (Neritina) = cariosa Gray (Neritina) .
souleyett Ancey (Succinea) = cepulla Gould (Succinea) .
spadicea Gulick (Ach.) = ovata Newcomb (Ac/.) .
stewarti Green (Achatina) = vulpina Fér., var. (Ach.) .
striatula Pease (Pupa) = lyrata Gould (Pufa)

subula Gulick (Ach.) = gracilis Pfeiffer (Leptach.)
suffusa Reeve (Ach.) = gravida Fér. (Amastra) .
swiftii Newcomb (Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. (Ach.)
talpina Gulick (Ach.) = gouldi Newcomb (Ach) .
torrida Gulick (Ach.) = rugosa Newcomb (Ach.)
tricolor Smith (Ach.) = vulpina Feér., var. (Ach.) .
triticea Gulick (Ach.) = oryza Pfeiffer (Leptach.) .

tuba Gulick (Ach.) = tappaniana Adams (Ach.) .
tuberans Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)
tumefactus Gulick (Apex) = vittata Reeve (Ach.)
turbiniformis Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)
turgida Newcomb (Ach.) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.)

umbilicata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = petricola Newcomb (Amastra) .

umbrosa Baldwin (Amastra) = pullata Baldwin (Amastra)
undosa Gulick (Ach.) = perdix Reeve (Ach.)

undulata Newcomb (Ach.) = curta Newcomb (dch.)
valida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. (Acz.)
varia Gulick (Ach.) = vulpina Fér., var. (Ach.) .
variabilis Pease (Carelia) = olivacea Pease (Carelia) .
ventrosa Pfeiffer (Ach.) = lorata Fér. (Ach.)

venulata Newcomb (Ach.) = producta Reeve (Ach.)
versicolor Gulick (Apex) = decora Fér., var. (Ach.)
vespertina Baldwin (Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. (Ach.)
vestita Mighels (Ach.) = ? vittata Reeve (Ach.) .
virens Gulick (Ach.) = vulpina Fér. (Ach.) .

viridans Reeve (Ach.) = livida Swainson (Ach.) .

volutata Gould (Limnaea) = oahuensis Souleyet (Limnaea) .

wheatleyi Newcomb (Ach.) = glabra Newcomb (dc/.) .

All

FAUNA HAWAITENSIS

List of unidentified, or erroneously recorded, forms.

antont Pfeiffer (Helicina) .
aperta Lea (Succinea)

apicalts Ancey (Succinea)
approximata Shuttlw. (Swccinea)
crassilabris Philippi (felicina) .
exserta Pfeiffer (Hedix)
ferruginea Baldwin (Amastra)
Sornicata Gould (Helix) .
Sulgora Gould (Helicina) .
hauaiensis Pfeiffer (Budimus)
olesontt Baldwin (Achatinella) .
pisum Philippi (/Ze/icina)
pudorina Gould (Succinea)
pumicatus Mighels (Bulimus) .
pusilla Gould (Partula) .
sandwicensis Pfeiffer (Spiraxis)
sandwichensis Pfeiffer (felix) .
striolata Pease (Opfeas)
tenerrima Ancey (.Succinea)
terrestris Pease (Partula)
testudinea Baldwin (Amastra) .

PAGE

397
39°
399
390
397
203
356
293
397
399
329
397
390
379
379
399
293
384
390
399
356

DESCRIPTION SOP PEATE xd (V Olea IT)
MOLLUSCA.

1. Zornatellina compacta, sp. nov. (p. 380).
2. Achatinella (Partulina) hayseldenit Baldwin (p. 313).
Fig. 3. Amastra simularis Hartm., var. roseotincta Sykes (p. 344).
4. Amastra citrea Sykes (p. 335)-
5. Lferdicella fulgurans, sp. nov. (p. 329):

Figs.6, 7. Achatinella cestus Newcomb (p. 300).

Fig. 8. Leptachatina impressa Sykes (p. 364).

Fig. 9. Leptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov. (p. 364).

Fig. 10. Leptachatina emerita, sp. nov. (p. 361).

Fig. 11. Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov. (p. 360).

Fig. 12. Leptachatina semipicta Sykes (p. 369).

Fig. 13. Leptachatina konaensis, sp. nov. (p. 384).

Fig. 14. TZornatellina perkinst, sp. nov. (p. 382):
Figs. 15, 16. Achatinella (Partulina) redfieldi Newcomb (p. 317).
Figs. 17, 18. Auriculella perkinsi, sp. nov. (Pp. 377):
Figs. 19, 20. Achatinella (Achatinellastrum) wailuaensis, sp. nov. (p. 328).
Fig. 21. Leptachatina arborea, sp. nov. (Pp. 357):
Fig. 22. Leptachatina supracostata, sp. nov. (p. 37°).

Fig. 23. <Amastra (Laminella) fraterna Sykes (p. 349).

Fig. 24. Amastra (Laminella) villosa Sykes (p. 352).

Fig. 25. Succinea protracta, sp. nov. (p. 388).

Fig. 26. Leptachatina conicoides, sp. nov. (p. 359)-

Fig. 27. Leptachatina vana, sp. nov. (p. 372):

Fig. 28. TZornatellina cylindrica, sp. nov. (p. 381).

Fig. 29. Leptachatina smithi Sykes (p. 369).

Fig. 30. Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes (p. 367).

Fig, 31. Zornatellina trochoides, sp. nov. (p. 383):

Fig. 32. Swecinea cinnamomea Ancey (p. 386).

Fig. 33. <Kaliella konaensis Sykes (p. 286).

Fig. 34. Succinea konaensis Sykes (p. 387):

Fig. 35. Amastra longa Sykes (p. 338).

Fig. 36. Mewcombia perkinsi Sykes (p. 332):
Figs. 37, 38. Lxdodonta (Nesophila) lanatensts Sykes (p. 291).
Figs. 39, 40. Lndodonta (Thaumatodon) ringens Sykes (p. 288).
Figs. 41, 42. Philonesia perkinsi Sykes (p. 284).
Figs. 43, 44. Vitrea lanatensis Sykes (p. 278).
Figs. 45, 46. Vitrea molokaiensis Sykes (p. 278).

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS. VOL IL PLATE Xls

42

Mintern Bros.1m ‘Dp

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Sykes, Mollusca.

&

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2a.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 34.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 54.
Hig. 53.
Fig. 5¢
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig; 42.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 124.
Fig. 128.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 134.

Figs. 14, 144.

Al. Ga.

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Gen. ap.

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NN
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Yunns. ®

DESCRIPTION (OF PLATE edly (VOL: I)
MOLLUSCA.

PHILONESIA BALDWINI Ancey (p. 281).

Mantle margin, with shell and dorsal lobes. a, denotes white spots on integument covering
the branchial cavity.

Extremity of foot from left side.

Portion of foot showing sole.

Genitalia, not quite complete.

Male organs enlarged, to show the retractor muscle and coiled vas deferens.

Jaw.

Centre and two side teeth of radula.

Median teeth, 7th—rrth.

Lateral teeth, rgth—22nd.

Eleven of the outermost, or marginal, teeth.

GODWINIA CAPERATA Gould (p. 277).

Animal with shell removed, showing dorsal lobes.
Portion of mantle zone, near respiratory orifice.
Extremity of foot.

Buccal mass, and salivary gland, Xc.

Sole of foot.

Jaw.

Central tooth of radula.

Fifth intermediate, and following lateral teeth.
Outermost, or marginal, teeth.

Leptachatina acuminata Gould. Central teeth of radula (p. 357).
Intermediate and marginal teeth.
Ancylus sharpi, sp. nov. (p. 394).

EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERING.

albumen gland. | pr. prostate.

muscle of buccal mass. vr. @. tl. right dorsal lobe.
generative aperture. vr. m. P. retractor muscle of penis.
hermaphrodite duct. 7. s. ¢. right shell lobe.

intestine. | Sal. gid. salivary gland.

left dorsal lobe. st. stomach.

left shell lobe. v. @. vas deferens.

male organ.

The numerical digits in smaller type indicate the tooth figured, reckoning from 0, the central tooth.

All figures (except 14, 14 @) are from dissections and drawings made by Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S.

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