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A MONOGRAPH

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THE TROCHILID®

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FAMILY OF HUMMING-BIRDS.

Be

JOHN GOULD, F.R.S.,

F.LS., V.P. AND F.ZS., MES. F.R.GEOGS. MRAY S., CORR. MEMB. OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN; OF THE SOC. OF THE MUSEUM
OF NAT. HIST. OF STRASBOURG; FOR. MEMB. OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF NURNBERG, AND OF THE IMP. NAT. HIST. SOC. OF MOSCOW ;
HON. MEMB. OF THE NAT, HIST. SOC. OF DARMSTADT; OF THE NAT. HIST. AND THE NAT. HIST. AND MED. SOCS. OF
DRESDEN; OF THE ROY. SOC. OF TASMANIA; OF THE ROY. ZOOL. SOC. OF IRELAND; OF THE PENZANCE
NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE WORCESTER NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND,
DURHAM, AND NEWCASTLE NAT. HIST. SOC.; OF THE IPSWICH MUSEUM; OF
THE ORN. SOC. OF GERMANY; OF THE DORSET COUNTY MUSEUM AND
LIBRARY; OF THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION, ETC.

IN FIVE VOLUMES.

VOL. IV.

iO NO Ne

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 26 CHARLOTTE STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.

1861.

[THE AUTHOR RESERVES TO HIMSELF THE RIGHT OF TRANSLATION.]

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Chrysolampis moschitus
Orthorhynchus cristatus
ornatus
eee pails
Cephalepis Lalandi
——— loddigesi
Klais Guimeti
Myiabeillia typica .
Heliactin cornuta .
Heliothrix auritus .
auriculatus
—— phainolema

———. purpureiceps
Barroti
Schistes Geoffroyi .
— personatus
——— albogularis
Augastes scutatus .
Lumachellus
Petasophora serrirostris
Anais
iolata
Saimcae COLUSCalis
— thalassina
— cyanotis .
——— = De avike
Chrysobronchus virescens
viridicaudus
Patagona gigas
Docimastes ensiferus

Eugenia Imperatrix

Helianthea typica .
Bonapartei

a INOS

Lutetiz .

— violifera . :

Heliotrypha Parzudaki .

— viola

Heliangelus Clarissz

— strophianus

LIST OF

PLATES.

VOL. IV.
204 Heliangelus Spencei
205 amethysticollis
206 Mavors
207 Diphlogena Iris
208 Aurora
209 Clytolema rubinea
210 —? aurescens
211 Bourcieria torquata
212 ——— = ulerdioula
213 Conradi .
214 Inca
215 Ceeligena typica
216 purpurea
217 Prunelli .
218 — Wilsoni
219 Heliomaster longirostris
220 Constanti
221 See LUMO TE
222 =< NEO Leos
223 — Angele
224, Oreopyra leucaspis
225 Eustephanus galeritus
226 Stokesi
227 Fernandensis
228 Pheolema rubinoides
229 ABquatorialis
230 Eriocnemis cupreiventris
231 simplex
232 Isaacsoni
233 Luciani
234 Mosquera
235 — vestita
236 —— nigrivestis
237 —— — (Grorehim
238 —— D’Orbignyi
239 —_— Derbianus
240 ——— Aline
241 — squamata
242 = Jes
243 ae Aurelie .

244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261

262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283

CHURYSOLAMPIS MOSCHITUS,

Gould andl, Richter del et kih Tinllmundel & Walton, Tinp

CHRYSOLAMPIS MOSCHITUS.

Ruby and Topaz.

Trochilus moschitus, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 192.—Ib. Gmel. Edit., tom. i. p. 494.—Vieill.
Ency. Méth. Orn., part 1. p. 570.—Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 30.—Pr. Max.
Beitr. zur Naturg. von Bras., p. 56.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i. p. 103.
pl. 11.

Mellisuga Brasiliensis, gutture topazino, Briss. Orn., tom. i. p. 699. pl. xxxvii. fig. 1.

Le Rubis-topaze, Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p. 19.—Audeb. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i.
pp- 62, 64, 102, 103, 104. pls. 29, 30, 54, 55, 56.

LT’ Oiseau mouche a gorge topaze du Brésil, Buff. Pl. Enl. 227. fig. 2, et 640. fig. 1.

LT’ Oiseau-mouche a gosier doré, Audeb. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 89. pl. 46.

Ornismya moschita, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p- 166. pls. 52, 53, 54.—Ib. Traité d’Orn.,
p.. 280. |

Chrysolampis moschitus, Boie in Oken’s Isis, 1831.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 82, Chrysolampis,
sp. l.

Melhsuga moschita, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 253.—Gray and Mitch. Gen.
of Birds, vol. i. p. 118, Mellisuga, sp. 96.

Chrysolampis mosquitus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.—Reichenb. Aufz. der
Colibris, p. 9.—Ib. Troch. enumer., p. 5. pl. pecxx111.

Trochilus pegasus, Gmel. Edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 495 ?

—_—— guwanensis, Ib., p. 498 ?—Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 317.

—_— carbunculus, Ib., p. 498.—Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 317.

—_—— elatus, Ib., p. 499.

Melhsuga Cayanensis, ventre griseo, Briss. Orn., tom. iii. p. 709. pl. xxxvi. fig. 4 ?

L’ Oiseau mouche de la Guiane, Audeb. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 116?

L’Escarboucle, Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p. 28.—Audeb. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i.
p- 102. pl. 54.

Guiana Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 781.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 336?

Carbuncle Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 782.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 333.
—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 337.

Grey-bellied Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 334 ?—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii.
p. 332?

Ruby-necked Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 779.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 330.

Chrysolampis carbunculus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 9.—Ib. Troch. enumer., p. 5.
pl. pcex x11. fig. 4650.

Small green and crimson Humming Bird, Bancroft’s Guiana, p. 168.

Trochilus with a ferruginous tail, Bancroft’s Guiana, p. 168.

Aurora Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p- 338.

Ruby-headed Humming Bird, Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 329. pl. 42.

Brown-crowned Humming Bird, Trochilus hypopheus, Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 333 ?

Ir any one species of this extensive family of birds be better known than another, it is undoubtedly the Ruby
and ‘Topaz Humming Bird here represented, for it is not only one of those earliest discovered, but its beauty
is of such a character as at once to fix the attention of every observer. It is also one of the commonest of
the entire group, and plays no inconsiderable part in commerce, the capturing and skinning of the
specimens which are sent home by thousands affording considerable employment to the Brazilian slaves

and others in its native country, and to the bird-mounters in Europe and elsewhere; this species always
forming a conspicuous object among the groups of birds arranged under glass shades as ornaments for
our drawing-rooms, for which indeed few are better adapted, as its brilliant ruby crown and topaz throat
are there shown to great advantage. Such are the purposes to which the skins of this species are
applied; but what part does it perform in a state of nature? Alas! on this subject nothing whatever is
known; for although the bird has now been described for more than a hundred years, and its native country
repeatedly visited by enterprising explorers, no one of them has placed on record any details as to its
habits or economy, with all of which it would be most interesting to be made acquainted, for it can
scarcely be supposed that so much beauty has been bestowed upon it without some special purpose in
view.

Although Brazil is stated to be one of the countries inhabited by the Ruby and Topaz, according to the
best and most recent authority, Mr. Reeves, it is not found so far south as Rio de Janeiro, but is very
common in Bahia and Pernambuco, where, however, it only remains during a part of the year ; from
these localities northward, in each of the Guianas, the island of Trinidad, the Caraccas, and a great part of
Columbia, it everywhere occurs in abundance. _ It is said to perch occasionally on the more slender branches
of the flowering trees and shrubs it frequents, and to spread its large rounded tail to the fullest extent like
the Peacock, and that it then appears to the greatest advantage.

Some minute differences occur in the colouring and in the size of Columbian, when compared with
Brazilian specimens; they appear, however, to be mere local variations, similar to those observable
among many other birds. But endless indeed are the changes which take place in the plumage of the
bird between youth and maturity, and so puzzling are they, that, after the most careful examination of
numberless examples, I am unable even now to form any very distinct ideas on the subject. ‘These changes
it is which have occasioned the confusion existing with respect to this species in the works of the older
authors, and which has led them to regard each state as characteristic of a specific difference, the result
being, a list of synonyms pertaining to this bird, unsurpassed perhaps in number by those of any other
species.

The nest is a round cup-shaped structure, composed of cottony materials, and decorated externally with
leaves and small patches of lichens.

Descriptions of the more important of the various states of plumage above alluded to are here given ;
but it is impossible to say to which sex they belong, as that can only be determined by dissection.

At a very young age the upper surface is bronzy brown, with a crescent of rufous at the tip of each
feather ; the tail bronzy brown, faintly barred with rufous and tipped with white; under surface brownish
grey.

In another stage the head and back are bronzy greenish brown; the rump-feathers are broadly tipped
with rufous; the tail is bronzy purple, the outer feathers being tipped with white; under surface grey, with
a stripe of metallic topaz-coloured feathers down the centre of the throat.

In a third state we find the head and all the upper surface coppery bronze; rump bronzy green; central
tail-feathers bronzy green, deepening into black towards the extremity; the lateral tail-feathers grey at the.
base, then black, and tipped with white; under surface grey, and in some specimens a few of the topaz-
coloured metallic feathers down the centre of the throat.

In a fourth state the head is dull brown; back bronzy brown; rump green; central tail-feathers bronzy
green, deepening into black at the extremity; the lateral feathers chestnut-red at the base, then purplish,
and tipped with white; under surface grey, with a large patch of the topaz-coloured metallic feathers on
the centre of the throat.

In the fully adult state, the male has the forehead, crown, occiput and nape metallic ruby-red; chin, throat
and breast resplendent topaz-yellow; all the upper surface and wing-coverts dark velvety bronzy brown ;
wings purplish brown ; tail rich dark chestnut-red, slightly tipped with black ; abdomen dark olive-brown ;
under tail-coverts rufous ; bill and feet blackish brown.

The Plate represents the two sexes of the size of life. For the plant, the name of which is unknown to

me, I am indebted to the drawings of T. Reeves, Esq.
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ORTHORHYNCHUS CRISTATUS.

Jbould and HC Richter del et uth Miudlmandel & Walter, iryp

ORTHORHYNCHUS CRISTATUS.

Blue-Crest.

Trochilus cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 192.—Ib. Gmel. Edit., tom. i. p- 498.—Lath.
Ind. Orn., tom. i. p- 317.—Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 21.—Vieill. Ency. Méth.
Orn., part 2. p. 565. pl. 131. fig. 3.—Schomb. Hist. of Barbadoes, p. 681.

Melhsuga cristata, Briss. Orn., tom. iii. p- 714. pl. xxxvii. fig. 2.—Id. 8vo, tom. ii. p. 35.—Gray
and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 1138, Mellisuga, sp. 98.

L Oiseau-mouche huppé, Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p- 22.—Ib. Sonn. Edit., tom. xvii.
p- 173.

L'Oiseau-mouche huppé de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 227. fig. 1.

Crested Humming-bird, Edw. Nat. Hist. of Birds, vol. i. p- 37. pl. 37.

Crested Green Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ti. p. 783.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii.
p- 352. pl. 44.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p- 339.

Orthorhynchus cristatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 83, Orthorhynchus, sp. 1—Reichenb. Aufz.
der Colibris, p. 11.—Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.

Ornismya cristata, Less. Les Troch., p- 20. pl. 4.—Ib. Traité d’Orn., p. 285.—Ib. Ind. Gen. et
Syn. des Ois. du Gen. Trochilus, p. xxx.

Trochilus pileatus, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 318.

——— puniceus, Gmel. Edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p- 497.

L’ Oiseau-mouche a huppé bleue, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p- 112. pl. 63.

Crested Brown Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. u. p. 784.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii.
p- 354.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p- 340.

Ir will have been noticed, while perusing the pages of the present work, that many species of Humming-
birds are confined to very small areas of country, some to the cones of lofty mountains, and some to the
craters of extinct volcanos, while others are migratory, and extend their range over vast regions. A
similar law appears to govern some at least of the species inhabiting the West Indian Islands: for instance,
two species are found in Jamaica, which up to the present time have not been detected in St. Domingo ;
on the other hand, of the St. Domingo species two at least are not found in Jamaica: and not only does
this law appear to prevail on those two islands alone, the largest of the West Indian group, but to extend to
the smaller islands also, most of them being inhabited by a species peculiarly its own; hence it becomes a
matter of much interest to ascertain to which of the islands the numerous species of the West Indian
Humming-birds really belong. I am aware that in making the above remarks I am digressing from the
more immediate subject of the present paper—the history of Orthorhynchus cristatus; but I have done so
intentionally, in order to point out the utter confusion which exists with regard to the localities given by
the older authors, whose errors, I regret to say, have been perpetuated by most of the more recent writers
on the Trochilide ; thus, one and all of them give St. Domingo as the habitat of the present bird, while, so
far as I have been able to ascertain, it is not found within hundreds of miles of that island; and, although I
am unable to give the extent of its range, or how many of the islands it frequents, I can positively state that it
is a native of Barbadoes, and I believe of St. Vincent’s also. In Martinique its place appears to be occupied
by a nearly allied species—the Orthorhynchus ewilis. A complete survey of the Windward and Leeward
Islands, furnishing an account of the fauna of each, by some competent person, would, in a scientific point
of view, be attended with the most interesting results; and I trust the time is not far distant when such a
task will be undertaken and accomplished. Up to the present time, numerous examples of this bird, its
nest and eggs, have been sent to Europe, but hitherto not one word has been recorded respecting its

peculiar actions and habits ; an account of which would doubtless prove highly interesting, as they probably
differ as much from those of the members of the group as the bird does in its form and colouring.

As is very commonly the case among the Trochilide, the sexes present a marked difference in appearance,
the beautiful crest which adorns the male being entirely wanting in the opposite sex.

Sir Robert Schomburgk found this bird in Barbadoes, and specimens collected by him are contained
in the Collection at the British Museum. As will be seen on reference to his ‘‘ History of Barbadoes,”
it is the only Humming-bird observed by him in that island.

The male has the forehead and crown rich golden-green, blending into the rich deep blue of the elongated
crest-feathers ; sides and back of the head, upper surface of the body, wing- and tail-coverts dark grass-
green; wings purplish-brown; two centre tail-feathers dark purplish-green, the remainder purplish-black ;
under surface dull black, with a wash of grey on the throat ; bill and feet blackish-brown.

The female has the head, all the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts bronzy-green; wings purplish-
brown; central tail-feathers dark bronzy-green, the remainder purplish-black, the two outer on each side
slightly tipped with grey; under surface dark smoky-grey, somewhat lighter on the throat.

The accompanying Plate represents two males and a female, of the size of life. The plant is the Calliandra

brevipes.

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ORTHORHYNCHUS ORNATUS, Goud

SbouldandHCR: 7CALE? del a bith Valter & loprr Lp,

ORTHORHYNCHUS ORNATUS, Gowia.

Green and Blue Crest.

TL’ Oiseau-mouche huppé, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-Mou., p. 113. pls. 31, 32?

INDEPENDENTLY of examples of Orthorynchus cristatus and O. ewilis, specimens of a third species somewhat
intermediate in the form and colouring of the crest have for many years been contained in the Loddigesian
collection at Hackney, and in my own; but from which of the West India Islands they were sent, is unknown.
For this bird I propose the name of O. ornatus. Its crest is longer than that of either of its allies, and the
point, and point only, is blue; whereas in the O. cristatus the blue and green colouring is nearly equally
divided, and in O. eailis the crest is wholly green. In the colouring of their bodies the three species are very
similar. This is the bird alluded to in my account of O. ewilis as being intermediate between that
species and O. cristatus.

The following remark and description have already appeared in the Introduction, but I cannot perhaps do
better than reproduce them here.

This species bears a general resemblance to the O. cristatus, but differs from that bird in being of a
somewhat smaller size, and in having the basal two-thirds of the crest glittering green and the tip only blue ;
the crest is also longer and more elegant in form than that of C. eristatus or C. ewilis. With the latter it
can never be confounded, while the former may always be distinguished from it by the truncate form of the
green portion of its crest. It is just possible that the birds represented on the 31st and 32nd plates of
Lesson’s ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches’ may have reference to this bird.

Basal two-thirds of the crest green, the apical third blue; upper surface deep grass-green ; throat dark
smoky grey, becoming much darker on the abdomen ; flanks glossed with green; wings and tail purplish
black ; bill black.

Total length 3+ inches ; bill 2; wing 14; tail 12.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Zucsonia sanguinea.

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JATHORAY NCHUS EXULIS.

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ORTHORHYNCHUS EXILIS.

Gilt-Crest.

Trochilus exilis, Gmel. Edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 484.—Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p- 310.
—Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part 2. p. 550.

L’ Oiseau-mouche huppé, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. pp. 91, 92. pls. 47, 48.

Melhsuga exilis, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 118, Mellisuga, sp. 98.

Trochilus eristatellus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp., p. xxxix.—Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part 2. p: 556.

Gilt-crested Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn. Supp., vol. i. p. 171.—Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. viii.
p. 315.

Little Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. u. p. 764.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 315.—
Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p.320.

All-green Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 357, var. C. |

Orthorhynchus chlorolophus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 83, Orthorhynchus, sp. 2.

evilis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., p.11.—Bonap. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p: 265.

ArnougH presenting a general similarity to the Orthorhynchus cristatus, the present species may be at all
times distinguished from that bird by the more uniform colouring of its crest, which is a beautiful metallic
golden-green, with a somewhat deeper golden hue at the base; it is also rather smaller in all its proportions,
but particularly im its body and wings.

The utmost confusion exists with regard to the synonymy of this species and its near ally, O. cristatus $
numerous names having been assigned to them separately and collectively, which, combined with the
defectiveness of the descriptions accompanying them, have rendered it no easy task to unravel, and this being
done, the result, I regret to say, is not very satisfactory; I believe, however, that Gmelin’s description of
the bird he has called evils has reference to the species here figured, and hence it is the name adopted.
M. Bourcier is of opinion that the birds figured on the 31st and 32nd Plates of Lesson’s “Histoire
Naturelle des Oiseaux Mouches ” are identical with the present species; but I am inclined to consider them
distinct, both from the O. ewilis and O. eristatus, as I possess a bird intermediate between these two species,
and which accords closely with Lesson’s figures.

M. Bourcier and other French ornithologists give Martinique as one of the West Indian Islands in which
it is found; and Mr. Cottle informs me that it also occurs in Nevis, that it frequents the low grounds, builds
a small round compact nest, and lays two white eggs.

I possess a nest of this species, presented to me by M. Bourcier; it is a very diminutive cup-shaped
structure, and is composed of cotton interspersed with involucres of some composite plant, bound together
and attached to the upper side of a small twig with fine cobwebs.

The sexes of the present species, like those of O. cristatus, differ very considerably ; the female being
destitute of the crest, and of a light smoky-grey on the under surface.

The male has the forehead and crown golden-green, blending with the blue-green of the elongated crest-
feathers ; sides and back of the head, upper surface of the body, wing- and tail-coverts dark bronzy-green ;
wings purplish-brown ; two centre tail-feathers dark bronzy-green, the remainder purplish-black ; under
surface dark or smoky-brown, with a wash of grey on the throat; bill and feet blackish-brown.

The female has the head, all the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts and two centre tail-feathers bronzy-
green; the lateral tail-feathers purplish-black tipped with grey; throat and under surface pale smoky-
brown.

The Plate represents two males, a female and a nest, all of the size of life.

ol aed en E bei aca i = ino ae Deca
¢
ate , a ; + fr ; ¥ - & ¢ rs tz “4 Pa y r- : 7
a wm ii i z ue | ra e, el s ri f H & ‘. Z - F
ea gNss | Rr et oe
ORE ae the Gal lt 8b yi mot AnK eH ond
: : : HGS y ye Vat ered? Se rs eit +
Tk, ve stile B's LN Te 9! ae eM for feet eat nf to AeA Seed ohare xf

Pt a Seog = is iz for, aby, i Fo ie dstll€ fra vei) anes

7 *
ht ee iF ‘ f > .
.
t
ore ‘
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i

ft Soo oe ae es eee door? sta? 2 eee
St :
We Ba) ae mt trey ead 40 t Gin. t .

30a sy Sar, can 4 . pr Wey atl rear? tal. Gdn

r - a ' - a4 " ‘ A. = F

rd een? sag a: PETRA OR Owe er eee

= } det ‘ss ¥

. Gd th asd henigicd yer "= ae
pabtemangtcdne rine andime 7

ts wi hte iin Searsipeny " Sea H ou enact +f
7 aioe sees ot wf bits bel} , bee fesibiiarae tv's gist
aad enki gates Auster iti hattiet rt ohn,

= ’ hi Sfione eh grit. ae 3: i viable: 2 oe 4

“td ft Hef : ming én - ims ise Ree A earraby he. Hat §

- he 15 epson Were. Siedggl ter ysep it~: algerie es

phar, bisclt seit
. zt Figen)

a ae. ead tas res ied are ee ee artis tetiag cat al awk vy
Bradt. Wee ani tea Seite taht ar ek less ie 2 ae lee Het at

erate setters 2 hs apd hs
oat een, ;

- «* “o£: ’ 2
PINE eT iy tiie rb ey gr} eet Say r

sy

7 2 git ps ita: he i io * fey oheci Met ine “SBy aed .: ety Loren
sal ca Piak lates xs ‘By. sheet Ag by hit ei Fs eh ee ele -* re ae te
Sstany aere a seh kets ye: a De ui ae Sy Re fae nih erie Pol

we aryl oth. dies a i dailbiie aides Hier “Lecetinsce id? Seid Shenk af?
dees: ue Awl vagth hes. ek Prshy i Eat cade wal. Gs Sad tars
Seda At arcrypesecs ah ahottast.2 *

she tied Bis Thad pene g SAR aa tae EE Ww atta dees oo Socsste Sy sens
i robe ewes ee et ee Babbin Poet iti fe Jad ils ae cima id

ke “eee: 12a? A ga~dA a sia ais

E npeMmesiite Maths As Din haat Paid Rue Sade as Seeeed dh & sinned

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: Z

CKPHALEPIS LALANDI,

Tbeutd and HC Richter del cé lath Fidlmundel & Walton Loup

CEPHALEPIS DELALANDL.

De Lalande’s Plover-crest.

Trochilus Delalandi, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. 2nde Edit., tom. xxiii. p. 427, pl. G 36.
fig. 3.—Ib. Eney. Méth. Orn., part . p. 558.—Ib. Ois. dor., tom. iii. ined. plz:
—Temm. Pl. Col. 18. fig. 1, 2.—Valene. Dict. Sci. Nat., tom. xxxv. p- 492.—
Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat., tom. iv. p. 322.—Less. Man. d’Om., tom. ii.
p- 76.—Ib. Ind. Gen. et Syn. du Gen. Trochilus, p. xxx.—Swains. Birds of
Brazil, pl. 22.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i. p. 101. pl. 10; vol. i.
p: 99. pl. 7:

Ornismya Delalandi, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 95. pls. 23 & 24; Supp. p. 136. pl. 19.
—Ib. Les Troch., p. 113. pl. 41.

Trochilus versicolor, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., tom. xxiii. p. 480.—Ib. Ois. dor., tom. iii.
ined. pl. 12.—Ib. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 560.

Mellisuga Delalandi, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Mellisuga, sp. 99.

Cephalepis lalandi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 83, Cephalepis, sp. 1.—Ib. Consp. Troch. in
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.

Tue southern portion of Brazil is the true habitat of this graceful species of Humming-Bird, which was
first discovered by MM. Delalande and Meénétrier, to the former of whom it has been dedicated. Mr.
Reeves informs me that it inhabits Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, and Santa Catherina, but he was
unaware whether it remains in those provinces all the year or not.

The lengthened crest, which adds so much to the beauty and elegance of the Cephalepis Delaland,
terminates in a single elongated plume,—a very remarkable circumstance, since the feathers of birds are
usually arranged in pairs.

I possess two nests of this species, one of which was kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Reeves of Rio de
Janeiro. One is of a much more lengthened form than the other, but both are composed of the same
materials, namely fine fibrous roots, moss, lichens, and involucres of a composite plant, the whole matted
together with spiders’ webs of so fine a kind that they are almost imperceptible; both had been suspended
among the fine twigs of a species of Bamboo.

A marked difference occurs in the colouring of the sexes, the lengthened glittering crest and rich azure-
blue breast which render the male so conspicuous, being wholly wanting in the female.

The male has the forehead, crown, and shorter feathers of the crest glittering grass-green ; lengthened
crest-plume black; upper surface and wing-coverts shining green with bronzy reflexions ; behind the eye a
small spot of white; wings purplish brown ; central tail-feathers green; the remainder greenish at the base,
passing into black near the end, and fading at the tip to greyish white; on the lateral feathers the extent
of the greenish hue lessens as the feathers recede from the centre; chin, sides of the chest, flanks and
under tail-coverts brownish grey; centre of the throat, breast and abdomen intense shining violet-blue ;
under tail-coverts grey, glossed with green ; bill black.

The female has the head and upper surface green with bronzy reflexions, a mark of white behind the eye ;
all the under surface dull greyish brown; central tail-feathers golden green, the remainder green at the
base, passing into dull black, the outer one largely and the remainder slightly tipped with white.

The figures represent a male, a female, and a nest, of the natural size.

Ma Dies 2 te’ Poe eu
USS cu - 7 Bef En aly
att: AN PG ee

OF fy DEE

ee

<7

eae kt

LY

a

is diate

i

FG e ye
= i eo

JS Gould and Hl Rachier dd & tith

CEPHALEPIS LODDIGESI,

Hiltrrandd & Walton Lp

eee ————

CEPHALEPIS LODDIGESI, Gowda.

Loddiges’ Plover-crest.

Trochilus Loddigesii, Gould in Proce. of Comm. of Sei. and Corr. of Zool. Soc., part i. p. 12.
—Less. Les Troch., p. 138. pl. 51.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. u. p. 57.
pl. 6.—Less. Ind. Gen. et Syn. du Gen. Trochilus, p. xxx.
opisthocomus, Licht. Ermann, Verz. von Thier. und Pflanz., p. 6. t. 2. fig. 3.
Mellisuga Loddigesii, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Melhisuga, sp. 100.
Cephalepis loddigesi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., Cophalepis, sp. 2.—Ib. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.

Tue specific name of Loddigesi was given to this bird by myself in 1830, when characterizing a specimen
said to have been sent from Rio Grande. At this distance of time, my memory does not tell me how I
became possessed of this fine bird, or what authority I had for the locality in which it was said to have been
found ; the specimens I have since received were collected, I believe, in Minas Geraes, but the only point
that is certain respecting them is, that they came to me by way of Rio de Janeiro.

In dedicating this, the first Humming Bird I had the pleasure of describing, to Mr. George Loddiges, I
was anxious to pay a just tribute of esteem to an old friend, and to one who was the first to take up the
study of the Zrochilide in a scientific manner. Had his valuable life been spared, no one would have been
more delighted than himself with the many beautiful accessions to the group acquired during the last few
years.

The Cephaleprs Loddigesi differs in many particulars from the older known C. Delaland, especially in its
more lengthened bill, its violet-coloured crest, and the greater amount of white on the tips of the tail-
feathers.

The female, on the other hand, offers so close a resemblance to that of C. Delalandi, as to be scarcely
distinguishable.

The male has the forehead, crown, and shorter feathers of the crest shining lilaceous blue; lengthened
crest-plume black; upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy green; wings purplish brown; central tail-
feathers bronzy green, the remainder bronzy green at the base, passing into black near the extremity and
tipped with white, the white increasing in extent as the feathers recede from the centre; behind the eye a
small oval patch of white; chin, sides of the neck, flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts brownish grey; centre
of the breast and abdomen very dark blue; bill brownish black.

The female has the whole of the upper surface bronzy green; a small patch of white behind the eye ;
under surface dull greyish brown; wings and tail as in the male.

The Plate represents both sexes of the size of life.

.
5
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KLAIS GUIMETI,

T6outd wird HC Richer, ded. t bith Hilimande & Wedtory, Imp

KLAIS GUIMETI.

Guimet’s Flutterer.

Trochilus Guimeti, Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyon, tom. vi. 1843, p. 38. pl. 2.—
Ib. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 72.

Hylocharis Guimeti, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Hylocharis, sp. 33.

Klais Guimeti, Reich. Aufz. der Col., p. 13.

Myiabeillia guimeti, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.

Tus highly curious and interesting little Humming-bird stands quite alone among the numerous species of
the great family of the Zrochilide, presenting, as it does, so many peculiar characters, that it is not easy to
say to which of the genera it is most nearly allied: perhaps that of Myiabeilia is the one to which it
presents the greatest affinity. Its native country is the Caraccas, whence numerous specimens were brought
by the late Mr. David Dyson. I believe its habitat to be somewhat limited, and that it is probably confined
to the secondary hills which stretch away to the eastward of the great Columbian ranges. Besides the
Caraccas, Dr. Reichenbach states that the countries of Columbia, Venezuela, and V eragua are visited by it;
and such is probably the case, as it certainly occurs, although but sparingly, in collections from Bogota.

MM. Bourcier and Mulsant have dedicated this species to M. Guimet, a chemist of Lyons, the
inventor of a peculiar blue which bears his name.

The sexes are very dissimilar, the female being dressed in a dingy garb as compared with that of the
male. The accompanying drawing and the following descriptions will fully illustrate the sexes and the
differences of their colouring.

The male has the head, face and throat very deep rich blue ; all the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts
green; wings purplish-brown; under surface dull bronzy-green ; two centre tail-feathers bronzy-green, the
remainder bronzy-green at the base, then dull black, and slightly tipped with grey; behind the eye a small
mark of pure white; bill black; feet dark brown.

The female has the crown of the head slightly tinged with bluish-green; upper surface golden-green ;
wings purplish-brown ; tail as in the male, but the lateral feathers more largely tipped with grey; all the
under surface grey, glossed on the sides of the neck and flanks with bronze.

The Plate represents the sexes of the natural size.

oe a. .s a ee = ee a as = Lad ae ne oe ro eo nian

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are ae 2: reli) «BN

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sii domi fears fen Zih :. 8. HY TED ite, et <a By toe aa) mts $6) PES
a me 9 1 diab api teen iene ad paaasileset 12h) ays bts We ee mee ee
pet ove cs me 7 16m mi ie purines aH + alee avi rahe, ripest retin aly te
shail pea ect seat nslbgee Bee Le Ys appr MEET ‘eeamcita : inet tear Pree). Hel ~ a3
fe is gion ing Taeiniliies Rie tat deadiges g Bn gaat cats Spall iiteg a4 thats a
esr ae a oe nal ort ais, Lif riciees bith skal. 3 st aopuly pale SO rise Has
7 7 a Slt (Weearsital Pace aiainir a rrelies ae shite
snl Peete nae sls aa Hi ines Bh saat fae a PP aeiteos iF et ny bio art.”
dial la “is a6 ae ape mllasts; Poe siete nae ipa besenvi ary oe sts at

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Sbculd und HC Rechier de te lith

mvs

MYTABEILLIA TYPICA

Q

Siti andel & Walion Lip

MYIABIELLIA TYPICA.

Abeille’s Flutterer.

Trochilus Abeillei, De Latt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 16.

Mellisuga Abeillei, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 37.
Ramphomicron abeilli, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 79, Ramphomicron, sp. A.
Myiabeillia typica, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.

“Tuts species,” says M. De Lattre, usually confines itself to the forests, but also seeks its food among
the wild flowers in the vicinity of Jalapa. Its flight is airy and buoyant, not unlike that of some of the
moths. In its habits it is very unsociable, and the least thing alarms it.”

That it enjoys a wide range of habitat is certain, as, besides bemg found near Jalapa,.as mentioned by
M. De Lattre, I have lately received from George Ure Skinner, Esq., now (1854) resident in Guatemala,
examples of both sexes, which had been killed in Coban by M. Riviera Paz, a young Guatemalan naturalist
of very promising attainments.

Mr. Skinner has been well known for many years to the lovers of botany, as one to whom they are
greatly indebted for unfolding the botanical riches of South America, and especially of Guatemala. At my
request he has now kindly consented to pay as much attention as circumstances will admit to the lovely
group of birds forming the subject of the present work, and some of the interesting species which I have
recently obtained, have been procured through his instrumentality. Two branches of science having
therefore been promoted in no slight degree by his energies, I have much pleasure in figuring the present
pretty Humming-Bird, with the exquisite orchid named Lycaste Skinner: in honour of this gentleman.

The Myiabeillia typica, as its name implies, is the first species of the form that has been named ; indeed
it is the only one of the genus that has yet been discovered. In point of beauty this bird has but little to
recommend it, a small patch of glittering green on the throat being all the metallic or brilliant colouring
with which it is decorated.

The male has the head, wing-coverts, upper surface, two central tail-feathers, sides of the neck and
flanks dark bronzy grass-green ; wings purplish brown ; lateral tail-feathers black, tipped with grey; on the
throat a patch of brilliant grass-green; centre of the chest dull black ; abdomen ashy grey; under tail-
coverts pale green, edged with dark grey.

The female differs in having the whole of the under surface brownish grey.

The figures represent the two sexes of the size of life.

He that ent]

% : Bs) aor Ss ‘ i f4

APRS ie sists

2 A ea ey
~ +

Largs cans i

a ye

at +4 ai - 7
; : z

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et IT NE etd eerie wet
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.

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J Gould and HC Richter, del. et bith Hilimiandel & Walton Lop

HELIACTIN CORNUTA.

Sun Gem.

Trochilus cornutus, Pr. Max. Beitr. zur Naturg. von Bras., p. 99.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming
Birds, vol. i. p. 122. pls. 21, 22.

_—_— dilophus, Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 573.

—_—— bilophus, Temm. Pl. Col. 18. fig. 3—Less. Man. d’Orn., tom. ii. p. 76.

Ornismya chrysolopha, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 55. pls. 7, 8.—Ib. Supp. p. 162.
pl. 32.—Ib. Traité d’Orn., p. 276.

Mellisuga bilopha, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 251. pl. 30.

Helhactin cornuta, Boie, in Oken’s Isis, 1831.

—_—— cornutus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 85.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 256.

Mellisuga cornuta, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 118, Mellisuga, sp. 67.

Heliactinia chrysolopha, Reichenb. Autz. der Colibris, p. 12.—Ib. Troch. enumer., p. 9.

Every enthusiastic naturalist, when studying the productions of that vast portion of the globe which we
comprehensively term the “Continent of America,” becomes amazed at the prodigality with which Nature
has lavished her treasures throughout the temperate and more especially the intertropical regions of that
enormous expanse of land. It matters little whether he direct his attention to its flora or its fauna,—let
him turn to whatever department of science he may, he becomes enchanted with the prospect around
him,—everywhere the utmost variety is presented, and all is beautiful in the extreme ;—the inexhaust-
ible stores of minerals, the varied forms of the Orchidaceous and other curious plants, the splendour
of the insects and the beauty of the birds which give life to the forests, call forth his admiration. In
the physical geography of the country, too, an equal variety exists,—vast plains, great rivers bordered with
interminable forests, and towermg Cordilleras, each giving birth to a distinct flora and a distinct
fauna; and not only so, but at different elevations, even in the same latitudes, to species and even genera
which are not to be found elsewhere. These remarks might be extended to a much greater length; but as
the subject will be found more fully treated of in another part of the work, it would be out of place to
comment at large upon them here. It would be very gratifying to me to give some information respecting
the habits and economy of this bird; but unfortunately all that is known respecting it is, that it is an
inhabitant of the mountain-ranges of Brazil, particularly those of Minas Geraes; and well does this elegant
little bird represent in the air the brilliants which lie hidden in the deep primitive rocks over which it flies :
fairy-like in form and colour, we might easily imagine that one of the jewels had become vivified and had
taken wing.

For the discovery of this remarkable species we are indebted to the researches of His Highness the Prince
Maximilian of Wied, who first described it in his “‘ Voyage to Brazil” under the name of Thochélus cornutus,
and who states that it inhabits the exalted Campos Geraes of Brazil, near the sources of the river San
Francisco. Mr. Reeves informs me that Minas Geraes is the only province from which he had received
specimens.

M. Bourcier states, that “during the dry season it principally frequents the open country in the neigh-
bourhood of marshes, and obtains its food from the small plants which there abound; and that it re-enters

the woods during the rainy season, and then seeks its food among the flowers of the various Orchids. It is
in the district of the river of St. Francisco du Nord, in the province of Minas Geraes, that it is found in
abundance.”

The sexes differ very considerably both in colour and in size, the female being somewhat the largest,

having a much longer tail, and being destitute of the beautiful tufts and black throat which form such
conspicuous features in the male.

The male has the forehead and crown shining greenish blue; above and behind the eye a series of
elongated feathers of the richest fiery crimson at the base, passing into greenish yellow at the tip; throat,
sides of the face, and a narrow tuft depending from the base of the throat, deep velvety black; back and
wing-coverts bronzy green; wings purplish brown ; two centre tail-feathers pale olive-brown, the remainder
white, edged externally with olive-brown; breast, sides of the neck, and upper part of the abdomen pure
white ; lower part of the abdomen and flanks bronzy green; bill black; feet brownish black.

In the female all the upper surface and flanks are dull bronzy green; throat and centre of the abdomen
buffy white ; two centre tail-feathers bronzy olive-green, the next on each side white, edged with green on
the base of the inner web, beyond which both webs are crossed obliquely with black ; the remaining feathers

white, crossed about the centre by a broad oblique band of black ; wings purplish brown; bill and feet as
in the male.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the size of life. The plant is the Dipladenia crassinoda.

ey ee ee Ue
et ee
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SGeutdlaud Hechter, ded ot teth

HELIOTHRIX AURITUS.

Cayenne Fairy.

Trochilus auritus, Gmel. Edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 493.—Lath. Ind. Orn., tom. i. p: 311.

—Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p- 8368.—Ib. Ency. Méth. Orn., part 1.
p- 567.—Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 29.

Melhsuga Cayennensis major, Briss. Orn., tom. iii. p.722. pl. xxxvii. fig.3.—Id. 8vo, tom. ii. p-38.

Oiseau mouche a oreilles, Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p: 32.—Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p: 97.
pls. 25, 26.

Violet-eared Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 767.—Shaw, Nat. Misc., vol. xiii.
pl. 977.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 341.

Ornismya aurita, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p- 63. pls. 10, 11.

Hehothrix auritus, Boie, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 115, Heliothrix, sp. 1.—
Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Hehothria, sp. 1.

Hehothriz aurita, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd edit. p. 18:

Ornismya nigrotis, Less. Ind. Gen. et Syn. des Ois. du Gen. Trochilus, p. 20. esp. 48.

Hehothrix nigrotis, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 115, Hehothriz, sp. 2.—Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Heliothriz, sp. 2.

As this has been the longest known species of the present genus, I place it at the head of a group, for which
the trivial name of Fairy will be very appropriate, since the elegance of their form and the peculiar chaste-
ness of their colouring readily recall to memory the ideas of grace and beauty connected with those
imaginary beings. The native habitat of the present species is the countries of Guiana and Cayenne, and
the forests near the mouths of the Amazon. I have never seen examples from the southern portion of Brazil,
where its place appears to be supplied by a nearly allied species, the H. auriculatus : both the HV. auritus and
its near ally appear to be subject to much diversity in the length of their tails, and in the colouring of the
sides of their necks, a diversity which I candidly confess much perplexes me, as I have never been able to
satisfy myself as to what it is due: I have always regarded the specimens with the more lengthened tail and
black ear-coverts as females ; and if such be the case, of which I have little doubt, the young males will
present for the first two years similar characteristics ; my reason for believing this is, that specimens
having metallic whiskers and the blue patch on the sides of the neck, have in some instances lengthened
tails, in others comparatively short ones ; it would therefore seem that as the birds advance in age, the organ
becomes more abbreviated and of a rounder form: there is also another character which cannot fail to have
been noticed by every Trochilidist, namely, that the breast in some examples of these females or young
males is pure white, while in others the same part is dotted over with obscure markings of pale bronzy
brown ; an elucidation of these difficulties is a point to which I would direct the attention of those who may
be favourably situated for observing any member of this genus in its native wilds. Some persons are
inclined to believe that a seasonal change takes place in many of the Trochilide, while others believe the
contrary to be the case. In the present instance I think I have had evidence that the metallic whisker
and blue mark on the side of the neck is cast off after the breeding season, and that the black line
commencing at the gape and running down the sides of the neck then becomes very conspicuous.
M. Lesson has regarded the bird in this state as a distinct species, and given to it the appellation of
nigrotis: if the opinion that the birds are subject to a seasonal change should prove to be erroneous, then I
doubt not that the black-eared birds with the white breasts and long tails will prove to be adult females,
and those with the spotted breasts will be birds in the first year of their existence.

The male has the crown of the head, all the upper surface, the lengthened upper tail- and the upper and
under wing-coverts beautiful glossy golden green, which is brightest on the forehead; wings purplish
black; four middle tail-feathers bluish black ; three lateral feathers snow-white; lores, line under the eye
and ear-coverts black, terminating in a small tuft of violet-blue feathers; below the black line a narrow
moustache proceeding from the gape of rich luminous green; all the under surface snow-white ; bill black ;
feet flesh-colour.

The female differs in having the upper surface of a more bronzy hue, in wanting the luminous forehead,
the green moustache and the blue ear-tufts; the absence of the two latter causing the black streak down
the neck to show conspicuously, and in having an oblique band of bluish black across the white lateral tail-
feathers near their base.

The young bird resembles the female, except that each of the feathers of the throat and breast has a pale
bronzy brown spot at the tip.

The figures are of the size of life.

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HELIOTHRIX AURICULATUS.

Brazilian Fairy.

Trochilus auriculatus, Licht. Erman Verz. von Thier., p. 5. t. 2. figs. 1, 2.

Ornismya Pouchettii, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 72.

Heliothria auriculatus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol.i. p. 115, Heliothria, sp. 3.
Heliothrix poucheti, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Hehothriz, sp. 3.

Dr. LicuTensTern’s name of auricudatus having been given to this species prior to that of Pouchet: bestowed
upon it by M. Lesson, is necessarily the one adopted, although the species is more generally known by the
latter; had this not been the case, I should have felt great pleasure in retaining the term selected by
M. Lesson to do honour to the amiable and accomplished Dr. Pouchet of Rouen.

It will be seen that in my account of the H. auritus I have stated that it is a native of Guiana and Cayenne ;
this species, on the other hand, inhabits Southern Brazil, and I do not believe that either species encroaches
upon the other’s territories, but that each is confined to their respective countries.

The A. auriculatus is a larger and more robust species than H. auritus or H. Barroti, from both of
which it may be readily distinguished by the metallic green whisker occupying the throat as well as the sides
of the neck; another remarkable feature is observable in some specimens, namely, that the tail is both
shorter and more rounded than in others; the bird in fact appearing to be subject to the same diversity in
this and other respects that I have mentioned in my account of H. aurctus.

Mr. Reeves informs me that it inhabits Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes, but is nowhere very common ;
that it is not met with in the immediate vicinity of Rio, but that it arrives in Novo Friburgo in July, and
remains until September: during its stay it evinces a decided preference for the flowers of the orange trees,
which doubtless afford it an abundant supply of some peculiar and congenial kind of insect food: Mr. Reeves
adds, that, as we might infer from its general contour, its flight is both powerful and rapid.

A nest sent to me by Mr. Reeves as belonging to this species, is labelled ‘ Colibri ventre blanc; local
name Oreus azul; cry z00k-zook-zook.”

The nest is of a somewhat lengthened form, attached to the side of a small twig, composed of fine dark
brown vegetable fibres, coated externally with small flakes of pale olive and buff-coloured bark. Another
example is of a still longer form, attached on one side to a slender vertical twig, and composed of some
cottony material held together externally by apparently cobwebs and patches of grey lichen.

The male has the head, all the upper surface, lengthened upper tail-coverts, upper and under wing-coverts
rich golden green, very brilliant on the head; wings purplish black; four central tail-feathers bluish black,
lateral tail-feathers snowy white; patch below and behind the eye black, terminating in a small tuft of violet-
blue feathers ; down each side of the neck a broad stripe of rich luminous green, the two stripes uniting on
and occupying the chin; centre of the throat and all the under surface pure white; bill black; feet flesh-
colour. 3

The female is similar in her general colouring, but is destitute of the brilliancy on the head, of the blue
ear-tufts and the green neck stripes, the absence of which causes the black below the eye and on the ear-
coverts to show very conspicuously: the lateral tail-feathers crossed near their base by a purplish band.

The young resemble the female, but have a spot of pale bronzy brown at the tip of each feather of the
throat and breast.

The figures are of the natural size; the flower of the bulbous plant figured with them was sent to me by
Mr. Reeves of Rio de Janeiro, and is introduced as offering a pleasing contrast to the birds rather than as
one to which they are particularly attached.

HELIOTHRIX PHALINOLAMA, Gadd

Lbold andi Richiecr del ot, Lith Hublhinorulel 6 Walion try

HELIOTHRIX PHAINOLAMA, Gowda.

Green-throated Fairy.

Heliothrix phainolema, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxiii. p. 87.

Tus is one of the most beautiful, and certainly the rarest species of the genus Heliothrix, a group
distinguished by the wedge-shaped form of their bill, their lengthened wings, small feet, and delicate style
of colouring. Its nearest ally is the H. auriculatus, from which, however, it is distinguished by the whole
of the throat being of a resplendent metallic green. The localities inhabited by the two birds are widely
different, the HZ. aureculatus being found in Southern Brazil, while the ZZ. phainolema frequents the distant
country of the Upper Rio Negro, the district in which the splendid Topaza pyra is also found, together with
many other fine species of which at present but little is known, owing to the difficulty of access to this terra
incognita.

The male has the head, upper surface, upper tail-coverts, upper and under wing-coverts rich golden
green, very brilliant on the head; wings purplish black; four central tail-feathers bluish black ; lateral tail-
feathers snowy white; below and behind the eye a lengthened mark of black, terminating in a violet-blue
tuft; chin, throat, and sides of the neck rich luminous green; breast and under surface pure white; bill
black ; feet flesh-colour.

The female is very similar, but wants the blue ear-tufts and green neck-stripe, the absence of which
causes the black ear-coverts to show very conspicuously; a purplish band crosses the lateral tail-feathers
near their base. :

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is a variety of the 7?Mandsia bulbosa.

HELIOTHIRIX PURPUREICEPS, 6d

Lboudle wn HOLM eR ltl 8 tithe Linlirundd tiialionlr@p

HELIOTHRIX PURPUREICEPS, Goud.

Purple-crowned Fairy.

Helhothria purpureiceps, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xxi. p. 87.

Ir will be seen, on reference to my description of Helothrix Barroti, that I have stated Columbia and
Carthagena to be the habitats of that species ; on the other hand, the present bird, so far as is yet known,
although inhabiting the same great range of mountains, is found further to the southward. The male
specimen from which I took my description was procured at Popayan, while females, which I doubt not are
referable to this species, were obtained by Professor Jameson in the neighbourhood of Quito. That the
present bird is a species of the greatest rarity all ornithologists will admit, since but few, very few examples
have as yet reached Europe. Of course nothing whatever is known respecting its habits and economy. In
these particulars, however, we may with certainty aver, that no remarkable difference from those of its near
allies will be found to exist. On comparing specimens of H. purpureiceps and H. Barroti, the following
differences are observable: the bill and tail are much shorter, and the purplish blue, reaching as it does
to the nape, is much more extensive in the former than in the latter.

The male has the forehead, crown, and nape beautiful purplish blue ; upper surface, upper tail-coverts,
and upper and under wing-coverts beautiful golden green; mark below the eye and ear-coverts black, ter-
minating in a small blue tuft; below the black a streak of rich luminous green; wings purplish black ;
central tail-feathers bluish black; lateral tail-feathers, chin, throat, and under surface pure white ;_ bill
black ; feet flesh-colour.

The female has the crown bronzy green instead of violet-blue ; is destitute of the blue ear-coverts and
green moustache ; has the throat-feathers lightly speckled with brown, and the lateral tail-feathers banded
near the base with purplish black.

On reference to my account of H. Barroti, it will be seen that I have stated that the females of that
species were found at Quito; but I now believe that the females there obtained have reference to the present
bird, and not to #. Barrotz.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Vriesia glaucophylla.

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HELIOTHRIX BARROTT..

Litewld and AC Aackter, Al ct bith Hilleniareé

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HELIOTHRIX BARROTI.

Columbian Fairy.

Trochilus Barroti, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 72.—Ib. Ann. Sci. Phys. &e. de Lyon, 1843,
p- 48. t. 4.
Heliothrix Barroti, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 115, Hehothrix, sp. 4.
barroti, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 69, Hehothria, sp. 4.

Tus beautiful species is very rarely met with either in the collections of this country or in those of the
Continent, a circumstance which is doubtless due to its natural habitat being seldom visited by travellers.
M. Bourcier, its original describer, states that it inhabits Columbia and Carthagena, and I have myself
received a male from M. Warszewicz, procured in Veragua, and a female from Professor Jameson of Quito,
who shot it on the western side of Pichincha, at an elevation of 6000 feet ; it is clear, therefore, that how-
ever scarce the bird may be in our collections at this time, it will not long remain so, since it cannot fail to
be procured in abundance in some portion of its widely-extended range. It is evidently a tenant of the
moderately high and temperate regions, where it is a representative of, and doubtless performs the same
part in the economy of nature that the H. auritus and H. auriculatus do in the regions inhabited by them ;
it is perhaps even more beautiful than either of them, for independently of its possessing all the colours
they display, the crown is capped with beautiful blue, a feature which renders it conspicuous and readily
recognizable ; in size, in its configuration, and in the whiteness of its throat it is more nearly allied to
FH. auritus than to H. auriculatus.

The male has the forehead beautiful violet-blue; nape, upper surface, upper tail-coverts and upper and
under wing-coverts beautiful golden green; mark below the eye and the ear-coverts black, terminating in a
small tuft of blue; below the black line a streak of rich luminous green; wings purplish black; central
tail-feathers bluish black; lateral tail-feathers, chin, throat and under surface pure white; bill black; feet
flesh-colour.

The female is similar in colour, but has the crown bronzy green instead of violet-blue; is destitute of the
blue ear-coverts and green moustache ; has the throat-feathers slightly speckled with brown, and the lateral
tail-feathers banded near their base with purplish black.

The Plate represents the two sexes of the size of life.

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SCHISTIES

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Hitlinandel § Welton Lrep

SCHISTES GEOFFROYI.
Geoftfroy’s Wedge-Bill.

Trochilus Geoffroyi, Bourc. et Muls. in Ann. de la Soc. Roy. d’Agric. de Lyon, tom. vi. 1843,
p- 37. pl. 3.

Petasophora? Geoffroyi, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p- 9.

Polytmus Geoffroyi, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 31.

Colibri geoffroyi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Colibri, sp. 7.

Tris bird was first made known to us by MM. Bourcier and Mulsant in the Annals of the Royal Society of
Agriculture, &c. of Lyons for 1843; fortunately for science it is one of the few species that has not received
a second specific name, and hence all confusion as to its identity is obviated. In its singular wedge-shaped
bill combined with the cuneate form of its tail, it differs from the members of all the previously established
genera of this family; I have therefore deemed it advisable to make this bird the type of a new genus, and
have selected the term of Schistes as indicative of one of the features by which it and its near ally, the S. alo-
gularis, are distinguished. I feel certain that this peculiarity in the form of the bill is adapted for some
especial purpose, and it would be highly interesting to know from what tribe of plants the bird gathers its
insect food, of which, as well as all other details connected with its habits and economy, we are entirely
ignorant ; all that we know at present being that it is a native of the Columbian Andes, and that specimens
are frequently sent to France in collections from Santa Fé de Bogota. Iam not aware that there is any
distinctive sexual colouring in the plumage of this bird, a great similarity existing in all the specimens I
have examined.

Across ‘the forehead a faint line of luminous green; crown of the head, upper surface and wing-coverts
bronzy green, deepening into rich bronze on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown ; tail
green, crossed near the tip by a broad chalybeate band, beyond which the feathers are of a paler green than
at the base, and the four outer feathers on each side are fringed with white at the tip; throat luminous
green; behind the eye a small tuft of white; ear-coverts dark brown; on each side the breast a tuft of
lilac-blue; feathers margined posteriorly with green; under surface glossy green; tuft behind the thigh
white; vent feathers grey at the base and tip, olive-green in the middle ; bill and feet blackish brown.

The figures are of the size of life.

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J Gould and HC Bivhiter. det. et bith Walter & Cofx., Lng

SCHISTES PERSONATUS, Gow.
Masked Wedge-bill.

Schistes geoffroyi, Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxvii. p. 70.

personatus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxvii. p. 311.

My own collection contains three specimens of this fine bird, all of which are from Ecuador; one of them
was shot at Pallatanga by Mr. Fraser.

In point of affinity the Schistes personatus is nearly allied to the S. Geoffroy: ; but as that species is from a
different country (New Granada), and never has any glittering colour on the forehead, the two birds cannot
be considered as identical. Besides the differences alluded to, the S. personatus has a longer bill and is of
larger size, which, together with the possession of a glittering forehead, renders it a much finer bird. The
only note that I can find respecting this species is the following brief one from the pen of Mr. Fraser in
the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London’ for 1860.

«‘T should have taken this to be the male of S. a/Jogudaris but for the colour of the feet and shape of the
tail. Bill and feet black. Stomach contained insects.”

Forehead, face, and throat glittering brilliant green, in the form of a mask, posterior to which is a patch
of black, below this spring two lengthened tufts of violet-blue feathers, succeeded by a crescentic mark
of white ; crown of the head, back of the neck, back and shoulders golden-green ; tail green, each feather
crossed near its apex by a broad band of steel or bluish black ; abdomen green; wings purplish brown ;
bill black.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Nematanthus ionema.

SC HIS TES Ab BOG UILAIRIS 5 Gould.

Pion sala l Kechter, del ot .
Grecld und Hl Bichter, de hth Midlmande & Naltin hip

SCHISTES ALBOGULARIS, Gout
White-throated Wedge-Bill.

Schistes albogularis, Gould in Jard. Cont. to Orn., 1851, p. 140.

For the two specimens of this bird in my own collection, and which are the only examples I have seen, I
am indebted to’ Professor Jameson of Quito, who collected them on the western side of Pichincha, at an
elevation of 6000 feet above the level of the sea. In its form it is precisely similar to the preceding species,
the Schistes Geoffroyi, at the same time it exhibits several well-marked specific differences: thus it is of a
much smaller size ; has a longer bill; the entire upper surface of a nearly uniform grass-green, instead of
bronzy green ; an indication of a distinct bar of metallic green across the forehead; the throat and lower
part of the neck pure white, instead of luminous green ; and the lilac-blue ear-tufts so small as to be almost
obsolete.

The two specimens I have are precisely alike, and in all probability no sexual difference will be found to
exist in the colour and marking of the plumage.

Across the forehead an obscure band of luminous green; crown of the head, upper surface and abdomen
grass-green; wings purplish brown; tail green, crossed near the tip by a chalybeate band ; four lateral
feathers narrowly fringed with white at the tip, and the middle tail-feathers washed with bronze; throat,
chest, a small patch behind each eye, and a small tuft behind the insertion of the thigh white ; ear-coverts

brown; a small tuft of lilac-blue feathers on each side the neck ; bill and feet brown.
The figures are the size of life.

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Abald and Kl Richter ded et lieth.
Fulinanded & Walton Lip.

AUGASTES SCUTATUS.

Natterer’s Vizor-bearer.

Trochilus superbus, Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p. 561.

——— scutatus, Natterer—Temm. PI. Col. 299. fig. 3—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-birds,
vol. 1. p. 110. pl. 14.

Ornismya Nattereri, Less. Ois. Mouch., p. 75. pl. 16.

Hylocharis superba, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, Hylocharis, sp. 29.

Aurnouex Vieillot’s appellation of swperbus is undoubtedly the first that was applied to this species, I have
been induced to give the preference to the far more appropriate one of scu¢atus, given to it by M. Natterer.
I am aware that in so doing I am departing from the rule of priority, but I conceive that this departure is
far preferable to continuing the use of a term which is equally descriptive of many other members of the
family, and which would be more applicable to the far lovelier dugastes Lumachellus than to the present
species.

The Augastes scutatus is a native of the interior of Brazil, where the fine specimens contained in the
Collection of the Jardin du Roi at Paris were obtained by that justly celebrated botanist M. Auguste de
Saint-Hilaire; there also were procured the specimens described by the late Mr. John Natterer of Vienna,
and figured by M. Temminck in his “‘ Planches Coloriées” above-quoted.

No information as to its habits and economy has yet been obtained.

The male has the face and throat clothed with small scale-like feathers of the richest and most luminous
emerald green, the feathers lengthened into a pendent point on the chest; band across the crown and ear-
coverts deep velvety black ; immediately behind the eye a small oblong spot of white; on each side of the
neck a lengthened tuft of feathers of a rich indigo blue, separated from the equally rich indigo blue of the
abdomen by two crescent-shaped marks of deep buff, one on either side of the chest; all the upper surface,
upper and under wing-coverts rich bronzy green; wings purplish brown ; vent white; under tail-coverts
white spotted with shining green; tail shining metallic green ; tarsi clothed with brown feathers ; bill black ;
feet brown.

Total length, 4 inches; bill, 2; wing, 2+; tail, 14; tarsus, 3.

In general colouring the female is very similar to the male, but the face is much less brilliant ; the blue
tufts on the sides of the neck are much less developed ; the crescent-shaped marks on the chest are white
instead of buff; the abdomen is green, with only a tinge of the rich blue; the under tail-coverts are pure
white ; and the outer tail-feather on each side is tipped with white.

Total length, 32 inches ; bill, $; wing, 21; tail, 12; tarsus, 42,.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size. Thebeautiful Orchideous plant is the
Myanthus cernuus.

fA Gould and ACHichter del et lth.

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AUGASTES LUMACHELLUS.

Hooded Vizor-bearer.

Ornismya lumachella, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 315.
Trochilus Lumachellus, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 313.
Hylocharis Lumachellus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, Hylocharis, sp. 30.

Or all the species of Humming-birds hitherto discovered in Brazil, there is perhaps no one more beautiful
in form and colour than the bird here represented ; neither is there any one among them of which so little
is known both respecting its habits and the localities it frequents. All the specimens in the collections of
this country have been obtained in the province of Bahia, and the bird is without doubt an inhabitant of the
mountainous parts of the interior to the northward and westward of Minas Geraes. In the disposition of
its colouring and markings it precisely resembles the Augastes scutatus, but is distinguishable from that
species by its larger size, by the pendant locket-like mark of crimson at the extremity of the beard, and by
the luminous metallic red colouring of the tail.

As in A. seutatus, considerable difference exists in the plumage of the sexes, which may be thus
described :—

The male has the face and throat rich lustrous golden green, bounded below by a narrow line of bluish
green, and terminating in a few pointed feathers of a rich shining iridescent crimson-red ; head deep velvety
black, which colouring extends over the sides of the neck, and is continued in a narrow line behind the
luminous colouring of the throat; plumage of the body, both above and beneath, shining bronzy green;
on either side of the chest a crescent-shaped mark of white; wings purplish brown; tail golden bronzy
red, except the apical three-fourths of the two central feathers which are pure bronze, and the outer
margins of the two next feathers on each side which are washed with green; under surface of the tail rich
deep luminous bronzy crimson ; across the vent an irregular line of white; bill black.

Total length, 41 inches; bill, 7; wing, 22; tail, 145 tarsus, +.

The female has the upper and under surface of a more bronzy hue; the head green instead of velvety
black ; the ear-coverts dull blackish brown; the green of the throat less lustrous, not extending to the
forehead ; the greenish blue feathers at its base more apparent, and the locket-like mark less conspicuous ;
the upper surface of the tail of a uniform bronzy copper Ie and the under surface similar to, but less
brilliant than, that of the male.

Total length, 4+ inches ; bill, 2; wing, 21; tail, 12; tarsus, +.

The young birds of the year have the upper surface bronzy green; the throat white, each feather tipped
with shining green; only a trace of the locket-like mark so conspicuous in the adult; the under surface
brown, glossed with bronze; the upper surface of the tail bronzy copper, except the two middle tail-feathers,
which assume a crimson hue, and are narrowly edged with purple ; and the under surface of the tail similar
in colour, but less brilliant than in the adult.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size.

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PETASOPHORA SERRIROST RIS.

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PETASOPHORA SERRIROSTRIS.

Brazilian Violet-Ear.

Trochilus serrirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., 2nd edit. tom. vii. p. 359.—Ib. Ency.
Méth. Orn., Part i. p. 561.—Ib. Ois. dor., tom. iii. pl. i. ined.
janthinotus, Natt.
petasophorus, Prms Max. von Wied, Reise nach Bras., tom. ii. p. 191.—Ib. Beitr. iv.
p- 76.—Temm. Pl. Col. 208. fig. 3.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i.
p- 120. pl. 18, male; vol. i. p. 81. pl. 15, female.
Ornismya petasophora, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 37. pl. 1.—Ib. Traité d’Orn., p. 284.
—Ib. Man. d’Orn., tom. ii. p. 78.
Grypus? Vieilloti, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 256.
Colibri crispus, Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. Bras., tom. i. p. 80. t. Ixxxi. fig. 1.
Petasophora serrirostris, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd edit. p. 17—Gould in Proce. of Zool.
Soc., Part xv. p. 8.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Petasophora, sp. l.
Polytmus serrirostris, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 24.
Petasophora Gouldi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Petasophora, sp. 2?

Tur Petasophora serrirostris is, 1 believe, the sole representative of the form in Brazil, to which country
it appears to be strictly confined, but where it seems to be very general from the Amazon to Rio de
Janeiro; in the southern districts, however, it is only a summer visitant, Mr. Reeves informing me that it
arrives in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, San Paulo and Bahia in J uly, and departs again in September ;
during its short sojourn it is very common, and evinces a special fondness for the orange flowers. Its cry,
which is frequently uttered while feeding, is very loud, and resembles the syllables strep-strep.

The nest, which is rarely met with, is placed in various situations, but very commonly among Cacti; one
sent to me by Mr. Reeves is placed in the fork of a small branch, and is composed of some cottony material
intermingled with a substance like thistle-down, laced together with cobwebs, vegetable fibres, the husks of
seeds, &c.; it is of a round, cup-shaped form, and contains the usual two white eggs, about half an inch
long by nearly three-eighths of an inch in breadth.

I have remarked that many of the specimens from Bahia are smaller than those from Rio, and very
frequently small individuals arrive less brilliantly coloured, and with a considerable amount of white on their
outer tail-feathers. I believe some of the French Trochilidists have considered these smaller birds to be a
distinct species; I am not, however, disposed to assent to this opinion until I have had opportunities of
more closely investigating the subject; indeed I have some doubts of its propriety, from the circumstance
of a similar difference of size being observable in several other species; my own opinion has hitherto been
that these small specimens are females of the first year, and this I still think likely.

Mr. Reeves states that fully adult females are externally undistinguishable from the males, a fact he had
ascertained by removing eggs from the ovaria of specimens which he had considered to be males.

The snow-white under tail-coverts is a feature by which the P. serrzrostrts may be distinguished from the
whole of its congeners.

Head, upper surface, wing-coverts, flanks and abdomen dark yellowish green; ear-coverts rich violet-
blue; wings purplish brown ; tail dark bluish green, crossed near the tip by a broad chalybeate band, beyond
which the tips are of a lighter bluish green ; throat and upper part of the breast luminous green, presenting
a tessellated appearance, occasioned by the reflexions from the webs throwing a darker hue on the centre
of each feather, and producing a sparkling effect ; across the breast a gorget of shining bluish green ; vent
and under tail-coverts pure white; bill black; feet blackish brown.

In the immature birds the colouring is similar, but much less brilliant, and the markings not well defined,
besides which a greyish white tint pervades the under surface. In the smaller birds, which I have considered
to be young females, the upper surface is more green, the mark on the throat smaller and less brilliant, the
tail more blue, the chalybeate band on which is less apparent, and all the feathers, especially the outer one
on each side, slightly tipped with white, and the lower part of the abdomen, as well as the vent and under
tail-coverts, are white.

The figures are of the natural size; the Cactus is a Brazilian species, with the proper name of which I am
unacquainted.

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PETASOPHORA ANATS:

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PETASOPHORA ANAIS.

Columbian Violet-Ear.

Ramphodon Anais, Less. Hist. Nat. des Troch., p. 146. pl. 55.

Petasophora Anas, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p. 8.

Polytmus Anais, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol.1. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 27.
Colibri Anais, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Colibri, sp. 3.

Trochilus thalassinus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 47.

Trochilus Anais, Jard. ib. p. 1.

Great confusion exists with respect to the synonymy of the birds to which the term nats has been
applied, and which is chiefly, if not solely, attributable to the carelessness of M. Lesson, who, not per-
ceiving their specific differences, has published at least three species of this genus under that name,—has
described another bird of a totally different form in the “Revue Zoologique” for 1838 and 1839 under the
same appellation,—and has moreover added considerably to the confusion by giving incorrect habitats to
the birds his figures are intended to represent; this confusion I have endeavoured to unravel, by assigning
the various synonyms to the birds to which they appear respectively to belong; and by retaining the term
Anais as the specific distinctive for the one so commonly sent as such in collections from Santa Fé de
Bogota, and which will be more readily recognized by a reference to the accompanying Plate than by the
most accurate description.

This species, which appears to be strictly confined to the mountainous districts of Columbia, is especially
abundant in the neighbourhood of Bogota, whence its range extends northwards to the Caraccas and south-
wards to the confines of Peru; it neither descends to the hot plains below nor upwards to the bleak
mountain sierras, but dwells in the luxuriant and temperate regions lying between these extremes, and
where it is so numerous that it is more commonly met with than any other species. I have never seen an
example from the Mexican side of the Isthmus of Panama, consequently the habitat of Mexico assigned to
it by M. Lesson would seem to be incorrect. Little or nothing has been recorded of its habits, and we only
know that it is very pugnacious and drives every other species from its feeding-ground. It will be seen that
the nestling birds, which are drawn from specimens in my collection, assume much of the fine colouring of
the adults before they have left the nest ; the blue colouring of the ear-coverts, the chin and the abdomen,
and the verditer hue of the tail, being nearly as rich as in the adults. In this early stage of their existence,
however, there is no trace of the rich chequered metallic green plumage of the breast; that part being
clothed with a velvety blackish green hue, which is not exchanged for the gayer colouring until the bird has
attained a size nearly equal to that of the adult, probably not until the spring moult of the followmg year.
Much difference exists in the size of the sexes, the females being nearly a third less than the males, but in

colour they are precisely alike.

Head, all the upper surface, including the wing-coverts and the flanks, rich shining green; wings purplish
brown ; tail deep bluish green, crossed near the tip with a broad chalybeate band; the two central feathers
washed with bronze, and the tips of all shining green; chin, line under the eye, ear-coverts and centre of
the abdomen rich shining purplish blue; fore part of the neck and breast luminous green, with a streak of
a darker hue down the centre of each feather, giving the whole a sparkling chequered appearance ; under
tail-coverts grey, washed on the centre with green; bill black ; feet blackish brown.

In immature birds the upper surface is bronzy green, and the luminous green of the throat is at first
entirely wanting, but is afterwards gradually assumed as the bird approaches to maturity; in other respects
the plumage is similar to that of the adult.

The figures represent a male, a female, two young birds and a nest, all of the natural size. The beautiful

plant is the Cantua pyrifolia.

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PETASOPHORA IOLATA.

Bolivian Violet-Ear.

Petasophora iolata, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p. 9.
Polytmus wolatus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 28.
Colibri jolata, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Colibri, sp. 4.

AxruoucH the colouring of this species is precisely similar to that of P. Anais, I have always regarded it
as distinct, and in confirmation of this view, I may state that it is of much larger size, that it has a longer
and more curved form of bill, and that it moreover inhabits a different country. It is true that the two
species inosculate in Peru, but the true habitat and breeding place of the present bird is Bolivia, whence it
extends southward to the confines of Chili and eastward to Chuquesaca, from which latter district I have
received numerous examples both of the bird and its nest. Mr. Bonelli informs me that it arrives there
in September and October, and is then very common in the valleys among the fields of maize; after breeding
and rearing its young, it migrates to the more congenial country of Peru, and there remains during the
months of winter.

In the southern countries above mentioned the P. /o/ata forms a beautiful representative of the P. Anais,
of the comparatively northern provinces of Columbia and the Caraccas. Should it be considered that I
have drawn too nice a distinction in describing this bird as distinct, it must be admitted, that it is a very
well marked race, and well worthy of being figured.

The sexes exhibit the same difference of size, and the same similarity of colouring, that is observable in
P. Anais; \ike that species, too, it is said to be of a most pugnacious disposition.

Head, all the upper surface, wing-coverts and flanks rich shining green, glossed in some specimens with
gold; wings purplish brown; tail deep bluish green, crossed near the tip with a broad chalybeate band, the
two central feathers tinged with ‘golden, and the tips of all shining green; chin, line under the eye, ear-
coverts and centre of the abdomen, rich shining purplish blue; throat and breast luminous green, presenting
a tessellated appearance, occasioned by the reflection from the webs throwing a darker hue on the centre of
each feather ; under tail-coverts grey, washed on the centre with green; bill black; feet blackish brown.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size. The plant is the Vriesta glaucophylla.

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PETASOPHORA CORUSCANS , Gould

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PETASOPHORA CORUSCANS, Gouwid.
Chequered Violet-Ear.

Trochilus (Petasophora) coruscans, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part xiy. pp. 44, 90.
Petasophora coruscans, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p. 9.

Polytmus coruscans, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 29.
Colibri coruscans, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Colibri, sp. 5.

Or this beautiful bird a single example only is contained in my collection; I obtained it of Mr. Leadbeater,
who, I regret to say, could give me no information whatever respecting it. In the rich golden brown
colouring of the tessellated feathers, and in the deep buff colour of the under tail-coverts, it offers an
alliance to P. Delphine ; but it has much more blue on the breast than any other known species, and this
colour moreover extends much higher, confining the tessellated feathers to the throat, as seen in P. serrz-
rostris. Yt must rank as one of the finest members of this well-defined genus.

Crown of the head, all the upper surface and flanks green; band commencing on the centre of the chin
and extending under the eye and the ear-coverts purplish blue; wings purplish brown; tail greenish blue,
crossed near the tip with a broad chalybeate band, and with the central feathers much dilated ; tessellated
feathers of the throat shining green, with bronze and dull green reflexions; breast and centre of the
abdomen blue; under tail-coverts dull green, broadly tipped with buff; bill black ; feet brown.

The figures represent this fine bird of the natural size, in two positions.

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PETASDPHORA THALASSIVA ,

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PETASOPHORA THALASSINA.

Mexican Violet-Ear.

Trochilus thalassinus, Swains. Syn. Birds of Mexico in Phil. Mag., June 1827, p. 441.
Ormsmya Anais, Less. Hist. Nat. des Col., p. 104.—Ib. Supp. des Ois. Mou., pl. 3?
Ramphodon Anas, Less. Hist. Nat. des Troch., p. 148. pl. 56?

Polytmus thalassinus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 26.
Petasophora thalassinus, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p. 8.

Colibri thalassinus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 69, Colibri, sp. 2.

Trochilus Anais, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 2?

Mexico may claim this species as strictly its own; for although it is found in the States of Guatemala,
Costa Rica and Veragua, Mexico proper would seem to be its chief habitat, and it is certainly not found to
the southward of the Isthmus of Panama. It presents a singular combination of characters in its colouring,
uniting P. cyanotus with P. Anais, but it is quite distinct from both; the blue mark on the breast at all
times distinguishing it from the former, and the almost total absence of the blue mark on the chin, and its
smaller size, from the latter. It will be seen that I have thought it likely that two of the birds figured by
Lesson, under the name of Anais, are identical with the present species, and indeed I can refer them to no
other ; at the same time his figures are by no means correct representations.

To Mr. Swainson pertains the credit of characterizing this bird as distinct from all the other species of
the family then known, he having assigned to a specimen procured at Temiscaltipec the appellation of
thalassinus in his ‘‘ Synopsis of the Birds of Mexico,” published in the ‘“‘ Philosophical Magazine” as long
since as June 1827.

Head, all the upper surface, wing-coverts and flanks yellowish green; a narrow line commencing on the
centre of the chin and extending under the eye and the ear-coverts purplish blue; throat and chest tessel-
lated luminous green, as in the other species; centre of the abdomen deep blue ; tail deep green, crossed
near the tip by a broad chalybeate band; two central feathers slightly washed with bronze; wings purplish
brown ; bill dull black; feet blackish brown.

The figures are of the natural size, on one of the beautiful Bignonias of the country it inhabits.

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PETASOPHORA CYANOTIS,

UMavernh li Miller hun

POcud aad Nt hichter, delat hih

PETASOPHORA CYANOTIS.
Little Violet-Ear.

Trochilus cyanotus, Boure. Rev. Zool. 18438, p- 101.—Ib. Ann. Sci. et Phys. de Lyons, tom. vi.
p- 41.

Petasophora cyanotus, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p: 8.

Polytmus cyanotus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 108, Polytmus, sp. 25.
Colibri cyanotus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 69, Cohbri, sp. 1.

Ormsmya Anais, Less. Hist. Nat. des Troch., p. 151. pl. 57?

Comparep with P. Anais and P. Tolata this is a small species, and it may, moreover, be distinguished from
these, as well as all the other upland members of the genus, by the total absence of blue colouring on the
chin and abdomen ; I believe the bird figured by Lesson on the 57th plate of his ‘“ Hist. Nat. des Trochili-
dées” to be identical with the one here represented, and not, as he states it to be, the female of P. Anais.

The P. cyanotis enjoys a wide range over the Andes, extending from Ecuador throughout Columbia
northward to Veragua and Costa Rica, from all of which countries I possess examples. Mr. Dyson collected
numerous specimens in the Caraccas, and M. Warszewicz has sent others in all the collections made by him
in Peru. In all these countries it inhabits the temperate and warmer regions, wherever flowers and insect
life abound. The usual diversity of size occurs in this as in the other members of the genus, the female
being very much smaller than the male. A rich golden tint prevails in some specimens, while others
are dark glossy green. Some individuals, particularly those brought by M. De Lattre, are so much smaller
than those from Bogota and other districts, as to induce the opinion that they may be distinct ; but this is
a point which can only be determined when we have had opportunities for more accurate investigation of
the subject than are at present afforded us.

In most specimens the head, upper surface and wing-coverts, abdomen and flanks are dark bronzy green,
while others have the same parts of a nearly uniform dark shining grass-green ; line under the eye and ear-
coverts rich purplish blue; wings purplish brown ; tail dark shining green, crossed near the tip by a broad
chalybeate band and the two central feathers washed with bronze; chin, throat and breast luminous tessel-
lated green, as in the other species, but not quite so brilliant in some examples as in others; the hue too
varies, being pure green in some and of a golden green in others; under tail-coverts buff, washed with
green in the centre; bill black; feet blackish brown.

The Plate represents a male and a female of the natural size; the plant is the Barkerta Lindleyana.

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PETASOPHORA DELPHIN.

S64 Ch tor. del eé biti
Viiotld avd Hl Richter del ek bith Budlenendel & Walter Inip

PETASOPHORA DELPHIN 4.

Brown Violet-Ear.

Ornismya Delphine, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 44.—Ib. Echo du Monde savante, 1843,
no. 31.—Ib. Il. de Zool., tom. i. pl. 64.

Petasophora Delphine, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part xv. p. 8.

Polytmus Delphine, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 30.

Colibri delphine, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Colibri, sp. 6.

No member of the genus Petasophora, nor indeed of the whole family of Trochilide, enjoys a more extensive
range than this well-marked species; for it inhabits alike Trinidad, the low countries of Cayenne and
Demerara, the Caraccas, and the temperate regions of Columbia; M. Warszewicz has also sent it to me
from the Andes of Quindios and from Peru, and it is occasionally found in collections from Santa Fé de
Bogota. Its sombre colouring, and the rufous brown hue of the lower part of the back and the upper
tail-coverts, at once distinguish it from every other member of the genus; and the only difference I have
observed between the upland and lowland specimens is that the former are of a somewhat smaller size; in
colour and markings they are alike.

Head, upper and under surface dark olive-brown ; the feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts largely
tipped with dull rufous; wings purplish brown; tail pale bronzy brown, crossed near the tip by a broad
band of dark brown; ear-coverts rich purplish blue; down each side of the face a stripe of greyish buff;
on the centre of the throat a small patch of tessellated feathers, the lower portion of which is blue and the
upper bronzy green; vent and under tail-coverts pale rufous, with darker centres; bill and feet blackish
brown.

The figures are of the size of life.

Mapas 3 ages ;

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Joukd and HC Richter, del. et ith

CHRYSOBRONCHUS VIRESCENS.

Hidlmanded, & Walton, Lup

CHRYSOBRONCHUS VIRESCENS.

Golden-throated Humming-bird.

Trochilus Thaumantias, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 489.—Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 309.—
Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p- 253.

—_—— wiridescens, Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. 6., gen. 76. sp. 2.

Le Petit Colibri, Briss. Orn., tom. ii. p- 667. 2nd part.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 600. fig. 1.—Ib. Hist.
Nat. des Ois., tom. vi. p- 64. sp. 19.

DL’ Oiseau-mouche & queue verte et blanche, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor., tom. i. p. 83. pl. 41.

Admirable Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., vol. ii. p. 763. no. 25.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. iv.
p- 318. sp. 39.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p- 285.

Bright-throated Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p- 309. no. 28.—Shaw, Gen. Zool.,
vol. vil. p. 287.

Trochilus virescens, Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., 1818.—Licht. Cat.—Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist.
Nat., tom. xxiii. p. 428.—Prince Max, Beit. zur Naturg. von Bras., p- 107.

————— chrysobronchus, Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p- 287.—Ib. Steph. Cont., vol. xiv. p- 240.

—_——— viridis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p. 354.

Ornismya viridis, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou., p. 178. pl. 60.—Ib. Les Troch., p. 144. pl. 54.

Trochilus chloroleucurus, Saucerotte.

Polytmus chrysobronchus, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 108, Polytmus, sp. 52.

Chrysobronchus virescens, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p: 252.

Leucippus chrysobronchus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 11.

Tue adult plumage of the bird figured on the accompanying Plate is so resplendently beautiful that it defies
all the powers of art to give its faithful portraiture; I must therefore content myself with as close a repre-
sentation of it as possible. Its native country is Brazil, over which it ranges from Rio de Janeiro to the
Amazon, and thence probably throughout the whole of the seaboard to the Isthmus of Panama, as I have
specimens collected on the Magdalena by M. Warszewicz. It is also found in Trinidad. The individuals
from the latter locality are, however, somewhat smaller in size and have more white on their tail-feathers
than those found in Brazil, and I have often thought these differences might be of sufficient importance to
constitute a distinct species.

The synonymy of the Chrysobronchus virescens, like that of some other members of the family, is in a sad
state of confusion; on this point I have consulted with the celebrated French Trochilidist, M. Bourcier of
Paris, and the above list is given on his authority.

The specimens sent to this country usually arriving unlabelled, we have no means of determining if there
be any marked difference in the colouring of the sexes ; so far as may be judged from an examination of a
large number of specimens, they are similar; on the other hand, the young have a very different style of
colourmg, as may be seen on reference to the accompanying Plate, where a specimen is figured in a state
of change from youth to maturity. I have a young specimen in my collection, which, it is pretty certain,
was sent from Bogota; but if this be the case, the bird must be regarded as rare in that district.

All the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts golden green ; throat, chest and abdomen light luminous
golden green; wings purplish brown ; tail shining green; the lateral feathers with a stripe of greyish white
along the basal portion of the outer web and tipped with greyish white ; under tail-coverts green ; vent white.

In the young the under surface is deep fawn colour, with a line of golden-green feathers down the centre -
of the throat, and the white portion of the tail is very conspicuous.

The Plate represents adults and young of the natural size. The plant is the Dipladenia acuminata.

Fleuld. and H © Richter £t Meth Hullrnandel 4 Waiten doy

CHRYSOBRONCHUS VIRIDICAUDUS.

Green-tailed Humming-bird.

Trochilus viridissimus, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor., tom. i. p. 84. pl. 42.
Le Petit Colibri, Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ii. p- 957. pl. 129. fig. 1.
Ormsmya viridis, Less. Les Troch., p. 96. pl. 33.

Trochilus Theresia, Da Silva, Maia Minerva Brasiliensis, 1843, p= 2:

As is the case with the foregoing species, Chrysobronchus virescens, much confusion has hitherto existed with
regard to the correct specific name of this species, and it is the unravelling of the synonymy of such
species as these which is the great plague of the Monographist. Accompanying the list of synonyms which
M. Bourcier sent me as in his opinion applicable to C. wirescens were the synonyms given above as having
reference to this species, and the following note respecting it :—

“Tl existe au muséum de Paris le type du viridissimus de Vieillot, qui ne laisse aucun doute a cet égard.

«A ’époque ot M. Lesson publiait son volume des. Trochilidées je lui envoyai divers sujets, afin qu'il
puisse déterminer les deux espéces, confondues par les anciens auteurs, mais il n’y porta pas toute l’attention
voulue, et il se contenta d’en faire une figure en lui conservant le nom de viridis.

“Vous feriez bien d’admettre viridicaudus, Gould. J’avais conseillé au Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte
dans son ‘ Conspectus’ d’adopter vridissimus ; mais ce nom ayant aussi été donné par Lesson a une autre
espéce, il vaut mieux ne pas s’en servir.”

Whatever uncertainty there may be respecting the names applied to this bird, there is none with regard
to the countries it inhabits, for we are constantly receiving specimens direct from all parts of the delta of
the Amazon, from Para upwards to the tributary streams of Peru and New Grenada. It is also especially
abundant in Guiana, Cayenne and Demerara, whence great numbers are sent to Paris in company with the
other families of birds inhabiting those countries.

The sexes differ in the smaller size of the female, and in. that sex as well as the young of the year having
the tail-feathers tipped with white and the under surface of a greyer or more uniform tint.

The male has the head, upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts bronzy green; under surface shining grass-
green ; wings purplish brown; tail-feathers shining greenish bronze above and green beneath ; vent and
under tail-coverts white; upper mandible black; basal two-thirds of the under mandible fleshy red, the tip
black.

The female is similarly clothed on the upper surface, but on the under is grey washed with green ; and
her lateral tail-feathers are slightly tipped with white.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Mormodes atropurpurea.

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SGeuld anil HC Rechier del & bth

PATAGONA GIGA:

Hallmanded & Nalin lop

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Se

PATAGONA GIGAS.

Giant Humming Bird.

Trochilus gigas, Vieill. Gal. des Ois., tom. i. p. 296. pl. 180.—Ib. Ois. dor., tom. iti. inedit.
pl. 25.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 50. pl. 3.

Ornysmya tristis, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. mou., pp- xi. & 43. pl. 3.—Ib. Ind. Gen. et Syn. des
Ois. du Genre Trochilus, p- Iv.

Cynanthus tristis, Tb. Traité d’Orn., p. 272.

Ormsmya giganteus, D’Orb. et LaFres.

Patagona gigas, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd edit., p. 18.—Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av.,
p- 75.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 251.—Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris,
p. 14.

Hylocharis gigas, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Hylocharis, spake

Tue figures on the accompanying Plate give a faithful representation, the size of life, of this the largest
of the Humming Birds, which has been truly designated as the giant of its family, for by no other species
is it approached in size. It is said to be a bold and vigorous flier, to be quick in all its actions, and to pass
from flower to flower with the greatest rapidity, notwithstanding the length and volume of its wings, which
would seem to be far better adapted for lengthened and continuous progress than for poising in the air,
which the bird is in constant habit of doing while visiting, with little choice of species, the numerous
flowers of the forest, and among others the Cacti. It is stated, that, unlike the other species of the family, it
may be frequently seen perched on some small tree or shrub. It enjoys an extensive range of habitat over
the southernmost portions of South America, being found in most parts of Bolivia, Southern Peru and Chili.

M. Lesson states, that it inhabits the forests in the interior of Chili, and that it advances into the country
of the Araucanos, the wild Pampas of the Puelches, to the south of Old Chili, and to the foot of the Andes.
M. Warszewicz collected specimens in Bolivia, at an elevation of from 12,000 to 14,000 feet. Mr. Bonelli
informs me, that ‘it annually visits in abundance the villa grounds of General Santa Cruz near La Paz,
and that it goes as far to the eastward as Chuquesaca; procures its insect food from maize, barley, and
various leguminous plants; flies about all the shrubs with such rapid motions and quick turns that it is
extremely difficult to procure examples ; and dwells in all the temperate and colder regions of La Paz.” Mr.
Cuming tells me that in Chili it is strictly migratory, arriving from the north in August; and, after
spending three months in that country, during which it breeds, returns to whence it came.

Of this form I consider but one species has yet been discovered, for, although some slight difference in
colouring has occurred in the many specimens which have come under my notice, I regard them all as
identical ; the principal difference being in the colouring of the abdomen, which in some is sandy red, in
others olive and brown.

There appears to be little difference in the colouring of the sexes; less, in fact, than in size, for the
female is very much smaller than her mate.

The nest is a somewhat large cup-shaped structure, composed of mosses, lichens and similar materials
put together with cobwebs, and placed in the fork of a branch of some tree or shrub, generally on one
overhanging a turbulent stream of water. The eggs are white, two in number, of the usual lengthened
form, and about three-quarters of an inch from end to end. .

The Patagona gigas has now become very common, and examples may be seen in nearly every Collection.

Head and all the upper surface pale brown, glossed with green ; wings and tail similar but somewhat
darker, and the green gloss more conspicuous, especially on the tail-feathers ; basal portion of the shafts
of the lateral feathers white; an irregular patch of white on the rump; upper tail-coverts narrowly fringed
with white; breast mottled brown and buff; throat and abdomen rusty red; under tail-coverts white, with
a wash of brown in the centre of each; bill blackish brown; feet brown.

The figures are the size of life. The plant is the Puya Chilensis.

ATI IW

SIFERUS.

Ahonld and Hl Richter del eb lith.

Hullnandd & Walton Joy

DOCIMASTES ENSIFERUS.

Sword-bill.

Ornismya ensifera, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 354.—Mag. de Zool. 1840, Ois. pl. 15.—Lodd.
in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part XI. 1843, p. 122.

Trochilus Derbianus, Fras. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part VIII. 1840, pole:

Melhsuga ensifera, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, Mellisuga, sp. 1.

Tus is another of the new and very remarkable species that have rewarded the researches of modern
naturalists in the magnificent region of Santa Fé de Bogota, where most of the specimens sent to Europe
have been procured ; it appears, however, to possess a wide range, for I have heard of its being observed in
the Caraccas, and my friend Sir William Jardine, Bart., has lately received from Mr. Jameson an example
obtained in the shrubby region on Pichincha in Quito, at an elevation of from 11,000 to 12,000 feet above
the sea.

Mr. Hartweg, the celebrated botanical traveller, informs me that he has seen this bird in a state of
nature, and that he frequently saw it engaged in procuring its insect food from the lengthened corollas of
the Brugmansie, for exploring which its lengthened bill is so admirably fitted ; affording another instance
of the wonderful adaptation of structure to a given purpose so frequently observable in every department
of Nature’s works.

The male has all the upper surface and the wing-coverts bronzy green, assuming a coppery hue on the
head ; behind the eye a spot of white; throat blackish brown ; on either side of the throat a broad crescentic
band of shining emerald green; under surface bronzy green ; under tail-coverts bronzy green, fading into
white on the edges of the feathers; wings purplish brown; tail dark brown with a bronzy lustre ; bill
blackish brown ; feet yellowish brown.

Total length, 82 inches; bill, 4; wing, 3; tail, 2}; tarsus, +.

The female has the upper surface as in the male, except that a few white feathers appear on the lower
part of the back; a line of white is also perceptible behind the eye; wings purplish brown ; tail olive-
green; throat brown, each feather margined with gray; under surface bronzy green, mottled with brown,
and an indication of the bright bands on either side of the throat.

Total length, 64 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 3; tail, 2+; tarsus, +.

The upper surface of the young male is of a more coppery hue than that of the adult; the throat is
mottled brown and white, produced by each feather having an oblong spot of brown at the tip; on either
side of the throat a band of lustrous green with bronzy reflexions, amidst which the white bases of the
feathers here and there appear; under surface coppery green, interrupted in like manner by the white
bases of the feathers ; under tail-coverts green, slightly margined with white.

Much variation is found in the length of the bill in different individuals ; I have remarked too that the
young males of the year have longer bills than the adults; one of the former in my own collection measures

four inches and three-eighths from the gape to the tip.
The figures represent an adult male and female, and a young male, all of the natural size, on the Scarlet

Trumpet Flower (Brugmansia sanguinea).

KUGENIA IMPERATRIX, Gould

JGould and HC fichier, del. et leith. Kultmmandel & Walton, lmp

EKUGENIA IMPERATRIX, Gow.

Empress Humming Bird.

Lugenia Imperatriz, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1855, part xxiii. p. 192.—Athenzeum, Noy. 17,
1855.

On commencing the present Monograph of the ‘Trochilide, I felt assured that, much as had been done,
and splendid as were the collections in the possession of individuals and museums, more remained to
be accomplished for a complete history of this important group of birds, and that the trackless forests
and mountain districts of South America would, on exploration, be found to be tenanted by other novelties ;
and the acquisition of many new species, through the researches of the enterprising travellers who have of
late years visited that country, has proved that my conjectures were not illusory. For the present remarkable
species I am indebted to my friend Professor Jameson, of Quito, who discovered it in the temperate forests
of the Ecuadorian Andes, extracting its food from a flower resembling that of the Dature. In reply to a letter
I addressed to Mr. Jameson, asking for any particulars he could send me respecting this species, that gentleman
says, ‘When your letter reached me, I was preparing to set out on an expedition to Cayambe, with the view
of adding a few novelties to my botanical collections; but observing how pleased you were with the bird
I last sent you, I preferred visiting once more the locality it inhabits. Descending a mountain-ridge, elevated
about 11,000 feet above the sea-level, we enter a thick forest, extending to the shores of the Pacific. I have
frequently travelled over the same ground, and have always derived great pleasure from observing the gra-
dation of animal and vegetable life, so remarkable on the declivity of the Andes. At about 7000 feet there
is at this season in flower a plant of extreme beauty, an M/stremeria twining round the forest-trees, and
bearing at the extremity of the stem a dense umbel of bell-shaped blossoms of two distinct colours, the outer
petals being of a delicate rose colour, and the inner snow-white, spotted with dark purple; here this fine
bird is sometimes to be found, attracted apparently by the A/str@meria, whose range appears to be confined
within very narrow limits. Upon the present occasion I was so fortunate as to procure another example,
which I send you herewith.” :

The Eugenia Imperatriz is remarkable for its large size, deeply forked tail, and the harmonious hues of its
plumage, which, although less glittering and metallic than in many other species, is nevertheless strikingly
beautiful. The name of Victoria regia having been given to one of the finest flowers of South America, I have
dedicated this new Humming Bird to the Empress of the French, as a just tribute to one, whose many
virtues add lustre to the lofty position in which she is placed.

Face and fore part of the neck brilliant grass-green ; crown of the head, back, neck, chest, and upper
part of the flanks very deep green; on the centre of the throat a gorget of reddish violet ; abdomen and
under tail-coverts shining greenish yellow; wings purplish brown ; tail deeply forked, the feathers black,
narrow, and rigid; some tufts of white downy feathers across the lower part of the abdomen; thighs brown
in front, white behind.

Female: upper surface green ; throat, chest, and abdomen ‘greyish white, spangled with green, the
spangles being very minute on the throat, and gradually increasing in size downward to the flanks ; tail
blackish brown ; tarsi white.

The Plate represents two males and a female on a species of Datura, all of the natural size.

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HELIAN THEA T

JGouwld andHt Lehi dd & lithe
Hutllrrandd & Kaltor, Linp

HELIANTHEA TYPICA.

Star-frontlet.

Ormsmya helianthea, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 314.

Mellisuga helhanthea, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Melhsuga, sp. 6.

Hehanthea typica, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 74, Helianthea, sp. 1.—Ib. Consp. Troch. in
Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251.

I sevieve the honour of first describing this fine species is due to M. Lesson, who gave it the name of
helianthea, in the “Revue Zoologique” for 1838. In France it is known by the trivial appellation of
“Fils du Sole,” and in Bogota by that of “ La Esmeralda.” During the last twenty years, or from the date
when the species first came under the notice of ornithologists to the present time, many thousand examples
have fallen before the blow-pipe of the Columbian Indians, who, having been supplied with preservative
preparations and taught how to skin them, visit the native retreat of the bird when its plumage is in the
finest condition, kill and prepare vast numbers, and afterwards sell them to the European residents in the
city of Bogota, who again either transmit them to London or Paris, or convert them into ornaments of
various kinds; hence it is that this species is so common in all our collections. If this wholesale destruc-
tion was generally practised, the total extirpation of this fine species would be the inevitable consequence ;
but such a result is fortunately obviated by the great range the bird enjoys, extending to five or six degrees
on each side of Bogota, which appears to be the centre of the area. I may here mention that Pamplona
specimens are rather larger and generally of a darker hue than those from the neighbourhood of Bogota; I
do not, however, regard them otherwise than as local varieties. Mr. Mark, Her Majesty’s Consul at Bogota,
informs me that the bird is there known by the name of ‘‘ La Esmeralda,” from the mark over the forehead ;
that one of its favourite haunts is the Paramos°or desert district behind the city, at an elevation of from
nine to ten thousand feet; and that it is exceedingly numerous there when the wild guava, a shrubby plant
covering considerable tracts, is in flower.

The female, though less beautiful and differing greatly in the style and markings of her plumage, has
many varied and sparkling tints on the lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts, which, glowing with a
metallic lustre, defy the skill of the artist to depict them.

The male has: on the forehead a spot of luminous metallic green; lores, crown of the head and occiput
velvety black ; back, wing-coverts, sides of the neck, throat and breast velvety black, glossed with bronzy
green; in the centre of the throat a small gorget-like mark of deep shining blue ; wings very dark purplish
brown; upper tail-coverts dark iridescent metallic purplish green; abdomen rich deep metallic lilaceous
crimson; under tail-coverts deep maroon, glossed and tipped with purple ; tail very dark olive ; bill black.

In Pamplona specimens the abdomen is of a deeper hue and has a tinge of dark green; the under tail-
coverts are of a still deeper maroon, and largely tipped with iridescent metallic bluish green.

The female has the head, shoulders, wing-coverts and sides of the neck bronzy green, deepening into
coppery bronze on the lower part of the back; rump and upper tail-coverts as in the male, but with a more
olive tinge; centre of the throat deep buff; abdominal feathers deep buff, tipped with metallic crimson ;
vent and under tail-coverts buff, the latter with bronzy centres.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size; the plant is the Epedendrum aurantiacum.

SCout andl CRichte;, dd ct lith

HERLIANTHEA BONAPARTEI.

Hullmandd & Walton Lip

;
f

a ————————————

HELIANTHEA BONAPARTEIL

Bonaparte’s Star-frontlet.

Ornisima Bonaparte, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 6.—Boure. Ann. Sci. Phys. &c. de Lyon,
tom. v. p. 307, pl. xiv.
‘Trochilus aurigaster, Lodd.
Mellisuga Bonapartei, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 8.
Helianthea bonapartu, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 74, Helianthea, sp. 2.
Bonaparti, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251.

Auruoucu inhabiting the same country, this beautiful Humming-Bird has not been so long known to Euro-
pean ornithologists as the Helianthea typica, the first description of it having appeared so recently as 1840.

In dedicating this species to Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte, M. Boissoneau states that he desires to
do honour to one of the most learned ornithologists of our time; and never certainly was a compliment of
this kind more appropriately bestowed, since no one has done more, and few so much, to advance this
department of science than that accomplished and amiable man.

The remarks I have made respecting the destruction of the Helianthea typica by the Indian hunters,
apply with greater force to the present species, which, owing to its greater beauty, is even more
diligently sought after; being, however, a far less numerous species, a much smaller number are collected.
Bogota is the locality whence the greater number of the specimens sent to London and Paris are despatched ;
but I suspect that this is not the centre of the area over which the bird ranges, and have some reasons for
believing that it is more abundant to the southward, in the direction of Popayan, where, as its rich colours
would lead us to imagine, it dwells in a warmer climate; the bleak Paramos then are not its favourite abode ;
but the more genial regions below, at an elevation of from three thousand five hundred to six thousand feet,
constitute a habitat congenial to its mode of life.

The Hehanthea Bonapartei is certainly one of the most beautiful members of its genus. Mr. Mark tells
me that the Spanish residents in Bogota call it ‘La Dorada,” or Golden Humming Bird, and “ Siete

?

colores,” or Seven colours, and that it is the universal favourite; this gentleman also states that in the
spring months it is frequently met with near the villages of Guaduas and Fusugasuga, situate about two
days’ journey from Bogota.

The sexes present the same differences that are found to exist in the Helianthea typica.

The male has: on the forehead a spot of luminous metallic green; lores, crown of the head and occiput
velvety black ; back, wing-coverts and sides of the neck dark bronzy green; rump and upper tail-coverts
shining coppery red; wings purple-brown ; throat and chest brilliant metallic green, with a gorget-shaped
mark of deep shining blue in the centre of the former ; abdomen resplendent metallic coppery red or flame-
colour ; tail and under tail-coverts bronze ; bill black.

The female has the upper surface bronzy green, deepening into coppery bronze on the upper tail-coverts ;
throat buff; feathers of the sides of the neck and breast tipped with green ; under tail-coverts buff.

The figures represent the two sexes of the size of life. The beautiful orchid is the Stanhopea saccata.

HM ILITAN THEA EOS, Goud

JGould ond HC Rechier. del. c bith Hullmandel k Welton, lmp

HELIANTHEA EOS, Gould.

Golden Star-frontlet.

Helanthea Eos, Gould in Proe. of Zool. Soc. 1848, p- 11, Aves, pl. 1.

Melhsuga eos, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. iii. App. p. 5, App. to p. 118.

Helianthea eos, Bonap. Consp. Gen- Av., p. 75, Helianthea, sp. 5.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de Zool
1854, p. 251.

Hypochrysia Eos, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 9.

Tue South American travellers Linden, Funck and Schlim will have their names handed down to posterity
quite as much for having collected the first specimens of some of the finest species of the Trochilide, as for
their discoveries of the beautiful Orchids and other Andean groups of plants, which they have from time to
time transmitted to Europe. The lovely Humming Bird here represented is one of the many novelties
which rewarded the researches of those gentlemen during their rambles in New Grenada: it was transmitted
to me direct in 1848, when I gave it the name of Mos, a specific appellation suggested by the transcendently
rich golden hue which pervades the whole of the plumage. In size and structure this fine species very
closely assimilates to the H. Bonaparti, but may be at once distinguished by the glittering golden hue of the
under surface, extending on to the chest and neck; by the deep rufous colouring of the secondaries, and
by the rufous colouring of the tail. In a letter received from Mr. Linden, that gentleman states, that
Messrs. Funck and Schlim found this bird in the Paramos de los Conejos, near Merida, at an elevation of
from 8000 to 10,000 feet; further than this, I regret to say, nothing is known respecting it. It doubtless
represents, in the fine country above mentioned, the beautiful HZ. Bonaparte of Bogota.

The female differs considerably from the male, in not being adorned with half his brilliancy of colouring ;
in size and conformation, however, they differ much less than the sexes of many other species.

The male has a spot of luminous metallic green on the forehead ; lores, crown of the head and occiput
velvety black ; fore part of the neck and chest lustrous golden green, blending on the chest into the rich
shining flame-colour of the abdomen; on the centre of the throat a patch of rich deep purplish blue; back,
wing- and upper tail-coverts bronzy orange ; tail cinnamon-brown, the apical half of the two middle tail-
feathers and the tips of the remainder with a bronzy lustre ; primaries chocolate-brown ; secondaries rufous,
forming a conspicuous mark on the wing ; bill black ; feet light brown.

The female is similar in colour, but her hues are much less resplendent, and she is entirely destitute of
the spot of green on the forehead and the patch of blue on the throat.

The figures represent two males and a female of the natural size. The plant is the Cantua bicolor.

wen
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HELIANTHEA: LU

LeouldoaaC Ruchior del ot lah Huldsnanael &Malion ly

HELIANTHEA LUTETI 4.

Comte de Paris.

Trochilus Lutetiea, DeLatt. et Bource. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 307.

Mellisuga lutetiea, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 7.

Helianthea lutetiae, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p.74, Helianthea, sp.3.—Reich. Aufz. der Col., p.9.
lutetiea, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251.

Tue Helhanthea Luteti@ may fairly rank among the finest species of its genus. In size it surpasses the
H. typica and H. Eos, from which, and indeed from every other known species, it differs in the uniform deep
grass-green of the chest and abdomen, and, with the exception of H. Hos, in the bright buff colouring of
the secondaries, forming a conspicuous mark like an epaulet near the shoulders. The native habitat of this
fine species is Ecuador, in which country it takes the place of the H. Bonaparti, H. typica, and H. Eos ot
Columbia, and the H. violifera of Peru. I believe its discovery to be due to the researches of the late
M. DeLattre, who, in conjunction with M. Bourcier, named it Lu¢etie in honour of the Comte de Paris as a
compliment to his illustrious father, the late Duke of Orleans, who by his patronage of the natural sciences
contributed so largely to their development.

As is usual in this genus, the sexes differ very considerably in their colouring. The females of all the
species, however, are very similar; but the female of H. Lutetie having the buffy epaulet-like mark on the
shoulder, it is impossible to mistake the species to which it pertains.

The Helianthea Lutetie appears to be very common in the neighbourhood of Quito, as is evidenced by the
numerous examples obtained by Professor Jameson, M. Bourcier, and every collector who has visited those
regions. The specimens from which the original description was taken were procured by M. DeLattre on
the Volcano of Purace near Popayan. —

I am indebted to M. Bourcier for the loan of the drawing of the interesting plant figured on the

accompanying Plate.

The male has a spot of glittering metallic green on the forehead ; the sides of the head, crown, and back
of the neck velvety-black ; upper surface brownish-black glossed with green; wing-coverts dark green ;
wings purplish-brown, with the exception of the secondaries, which are buff, forming a conspicuous mark
near the shoulder; tail dark bronzy-brown ; under surface shining deep grass-green, with a. spot of rich
metallic steel-blue in the centre of the throat; bill black; feet brown.

The female has the crown of the head and upper surface bronzy-green ; wings and tail as in the male;
chin and centre of the throat deep sandy-buff; under surface bronzy-green.

The Plate represents the sexes of the natural size.

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HELIANTHEA VIOLIFERA, Gow.

Violet-throated Star-frontlet.

Trochilus ( °) vtolifer, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xiv. p. 87.
Melhsuga violifera, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 9.
Helanthea volifer, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 75, Hehanthea, sp. 4.
violifera, Ib. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 251.—Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris,
p: 9.

Tue first specimens I received of this new species of Helianthea were sent to me by Mr. Bridges of
Valparaiso, who collected them during his journey into the interior of Bolivia: subsequently others were
forwarded to me from the same country, and also from Peru, by M. Warszewicz; Southern Peru and
Bolivia, then, appear to be its true habitat. The locality given by Mr. Bridges is the warm region of
Sandillani New Road, Yungas of La Paz in Bolivia; that by M. Warszewicz is the Province of Chulimania
in the Cordillera of Peru, at an elevation of from 3000 to 6000 feet, where it greatly affects the flowers
of Salvia longiflora. The total absence of any fine colouring on the under surface of this bird has almost
induced me to give it a separate generic appellation; but, after again and again carefully comparing it
with the other species of the form, I hesitate from so doing. It has the usual star-frontlet and blue throat-
mark, but the former character is developed in a very much less degree than in any of its congeners : it also
differs from the other Hehanthee in having an obscure band of white on the lower part of the neck. It has
a longer bill than either of them, and, moreover, is a somewhat larger bird.
The sexes differ in accordance with the figures on the accompanying Plate.

The male has the head, back of the neck, chin, ear-coverts and breast dark green, so deep, in fact, that
when viewed in front, the head appears to be black; in the centre of the throat a patch of violet-blue ; across
the lower part of the throat a narrow band of white; back and rump golden green; abdomen, upper and
under tail-coverts light rufous; tail light rufous, the apical third of the two central, and the tips of the
remainder washed with bronzy green; wings purplish brown, with the external edge of the first primary
rufous ;_ bill black.

The female has the throat rufous, mottled with green, in lieu of the green and violet colouring of that
part of the male.

The figures are the size of life. The plant is the Pass¢flora Medusa.

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HELIOTRYPHA PARZUDAKI

ST boudd and HO Richter del. et bith
Helbrnwnde & Walton iep

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HELIOTRYPHA PARZUDAKI.

Parzudaki’s Star-frontlet.

Ornismya Parzudaki, Long. et Parz. Rey. Zool. 1840, Pei:

Mellisuga Parzudaki, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 18.

Heliangelus Parzudaki, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ay., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 4.

Hehotrypha Parzudakii, Bonap. Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, p. 252.—Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxii. p. 40.
Trochilus ewortis, Fras. Proc. of Zool. Soc., part viii. p. 14. |

Parzudakia dispar, Reichenb. Auf. der Col., p. 12.

Two very different birds—inhabitants of distant countries—have evidently been confounded under the spe-
cific name of Parzudaki; this has, I think, been clearly and rightly pointed out by my good friend
Reichenbach, who considers the Parzudaki of Lesson in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ for 1838, p. 315, to be
different from the Orxismya Parzudaki described in the same work two years later.

The description published in 1838 doubtless refers to the rare little bird inhabiting Cuba, and now so
well known to Trochilidists as the Or¢horhynchus Riccordit of Ramon de la Sagra, the Sporadinus Riccordi of
Bonaparte and later writers. The bird described in 1840, which is an inhabitant of Bogota and the Andean
ranges to the northward of that province, is equally well known to all who have paid any attention to this
group of birds, as well as to every dealer in bird-skins, as the “ Parzudaki.” Under these circumstances, I
have considered it best to retain this name for the bird here represented, which is a finer and more beautiful
species than the bird inhabiting Cuba.

So much on the subject of the nomenclature of the bird; a little, and only a little more remains to be .
said respecting its history, where it occurs in a state of nature, &c. Since the attention of collectors has
been directed to the rich stores of the great Andean ranges, this bird has been sent from thence in such
numbers that it has become quite a drug in the bird-market. The great emporium of Bogota is the
source from which it has been mostly sent; but I possess examples collected at Popayan and in the more
southern country of Quito. The specimens from the last-mentioned locality were sent to me by Professor
Jameson, who had procured them in the warm forests of Papallacta, which I believe is the extreme limit
of its range in a southerly direction. The intermediate country of Popayan would appear to be the centre
of the area over which it extends, as I have never seen examples from any locality northward of Bogota or
southward of Quito.

In its general contour the Heliotrypha Parzudaki is as elegant as in its colouring it is beautiful.

The male has a minute spot of luminous green on the forehead, at the base of the upper mandible; on
the chin a patch of deep indigo-blue; down the centre of the throat a broad mark of metallic lilaceous
crimson, below which is a broad crescentic band of glittering green; crown of the head, all the upper sur-
face, wing-coverts, tail-coverts, flanks, and abdomen dark green, brightest on the upper part of the back, but
in certain lights the crown of the head and sides of the neck appear to be black ; wings dark purplish brown ;

.two centre tail-feathers bronzy green ; the remainder dark bronzy purple ; vent and under tail-coverts white,
with a faint streak of brown down the centre of each feather ; bill black ; feet dark brown.

The female has a bar of shining metallic green on the forehead; remainder of the upper surface and the
abdomen grass-green ; throat brown, with a large patch of white in the centre ; tail as in the male, but the
outer feathers slightly tipped with grey.

The Plate represents the two sexes, of the size of life, on the beautiful Orchid called Catasetum callosum,
var. grandiflorum.

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HELIOTRYPHA VIOLA . Gould.

SJ Geidd and HC Richter, del ct lath Hedllercenedel & Welton, Lip

HELIOTRYPHA VIOLA, Gow.

Viola Star-frontlet.

Heliangelus viola, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. April 12, 1853, reported in Athenaeum
April 16, 1853.

A sournzy lately made by M. Warszewicz on the banks of the Maranon has been the means of making
known to us the present beautiful new species of Humming Bird; and it may not be out of place to mention
here, that both Trochilidists and Orchidists are very largely indebted to the exertions of this intrepid
traveller, who hesitates not to risk his life whenever a chance of obtaining novelties in either of those
departments presents itself; and his intrepidity has hitherto been most amply rewarded, since no one has
had the good fortune to add so largely to our stores of these interesting and lovely objects as M. Warsze-
wicz; his collections of the Trochilide, which have all been transmitted to myself, have afforded me many
opportunities of mentioning his exertions in terms of commendation, and I feel confident that George Ure
Skinner, Esq., to whom his Orchids have been consigned, can speak quite as highly of his acquisitions in
that department.

Whether we regard the elegance of the form of H. rola or the chasteness of its colouring, we know not
which to admire most; and as in these respects it differs from all other Trochili, with the exception of
H. Parzudaki, to which it is nearly allied, I have deemed it advisable to propose a new generic title—
Heliotrypha—tor this bird; the form of which is directly intermediate between Heliangelus and Helianthea.

Forehead brilliant metallic green ; all the upper surface, flanks, and abdomen, rich dark green; wings
purplish brown ; four middle tail-feathers green, the remainder purplish black, all but the two outer ones
on each side washed with green at the tip; throat rich deep violet, bounded on the sides and below by a
line of deep velvety black ; under tail-coverts buff, with a dark mark in the centre of each; bill and feet
blackish brown.

The female is similar to, but less brilliant than the male, and moreover differs in having the throat dull
black, speckled with greyish white, and the under tail-coverts buff, with green centres.

The figures represent two males and a female of the size of life. The plant is the Datura cornigera.

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HELIANGELUS CLARISSE

2)

Hilteneadel & Waliow [rp

—

HELIANGELUS CLARISSA.

Sun Angel.

Ornismia Clarisse, De Longuem. Rev. Zool. 1841, p- 306.—Less. Mag. de Zool. 1842, Ois.,
pl. 26.
Mellisuga Clarisse, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 17.
Heliangelus clarisse, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 1.
clarissa, Bonap. in Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 252.
Anactoria Clarissa, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, &c., p- 12.

Every thousand feet of elevation from the base to the snow line of the great Cordilleran and Andean ranges,
appears to be inhabited by its own peculiar species of Humming Bird, and so constantly does each keep
to its own particular province, that it is the exception rather than the rule if this law be departed from ;
latitude also would seem to have an influence, but not in so marked a degree. This law appears to have
been unknown to former naturalists, and it is only within the last twenty years that travellers and collectors
have made these regions the great fields of their enterprise; but having now done so, rich indeed have been
the harvests they have reaped; not only have numerous new and beautiful species been discovered, but their
collection and transmission to Europe have played a part in commerce but little known to the community
at large. Ordinarily the skins of birds are collected for scientific cabinets, or for the decoration of the
drawing-room or other apartments ; but the great beauty and glittering metallic hues of the Humming Bird
have attracted the notice of the plumassier and artificial florist, and their feathers are now extensively used
for the decoration of head-dresses, &c. I have known as many as two thousand examples of a single species
sold at one time in Paris for such purposes alone, and the beautiful bird figured on the accompanying Plate,
although not known or described until 1841, is now transmitted, particularly to France, in such abundance,
that although great numbers are used for ornamental shades for the drawing-room, I believe not a few
fall into the mutilating hands of the plumassiers, for the decorative purposes above mentioned.

The Heliangelus Clarisse enjoys a somewhat wide range over the temperate portions of the Columbian
Andes, but its head-quarters appears to be the neighbourhood of Santa Fe de Bogota, where vast multitudes
are killed by the Indians with the blow-pipe, and sold to the merchants of Bogota at a very low price; by
the latter they are transmitted to Europe, and, as I have before stated, principally to Paris. When seen in
the full glory of its newly-moulted plumage, this bird is indeed a very beautiful object ; the rich puce-colour
of its throat, separated from the glittering green of the sides of the chest by a snow-white gorget, rendering
it at once both attractive and conspicuous. Such, I regret to say, is the brief account that can be given
of this comparatively new bird ;—to other naturalists, with suitable opportunities, must pertain the pleasing
task of describing its habits, manners, flight, nidification, &c., of which at present nothing is known. The
bird itself was first described by M. De Longuemare, who gave it the name of Clarisse in honour of Madame
Parzudaki, the wife of the well-known naturalist of that name in Paris.

The male has a small spot of luminous green on the forehead; chin black; throat rich luminous violet-
red or puce-colour, the blue or violaceous hue prevailing on the upper and lateral margins ; below this
a gorget of white, succeeded by a series of rich luminous green feathers, narrow in the centre, broad on the
sides, and blending with the bronzy green of the flanks; head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy
green, the head, however, when viewed in front, appears black ; lores and sides of the neck velvety black,
separating the colours of the upper and under surface of the head and neck; immediately behind the eye
a very small spot of white; wings chocolate-brown ; two central tail-feathers bronzy green; lateral tail-
feathers dull black, becoming brown at the tip; abdomen mottled buff and bronzy green; under tail-coverts
white ; bill black ; ‘feet brown.

The female has a faint indication of the luminous green on the forehead; the head, upper surface and
two central tail-feathers bronzy green; lateral tail-feathers black, with lighter tips ; throat mottled black and
brown, with, when very adult, a series of violaceous-red feathers in the centre, bounded below by a more or
less defined gorget of white, and succeeded by a few luminous green feathers, far less conspicuous than in

the male.
The figures are of the natural size.

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HELIANGELUS STROPHIANUS, Gould

Jbculdcandl C Rachier det. hith Hullmantied & Walton, Iny

HELIANGELUS STROPHIANUS, Gow.

Gorgeted Sun Angel.

Trochilus ( ?) strophianus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xiv. p. 45.
Mellisuga strophiana, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 39.

Hehangelus strophianus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 5.—Ib. Rev. et Mag.
de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Anactoria Strophiana, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 12.

Aurnouen the Hekangelus strophianus presents the general appearance of H. Clarisse, it nevertheless
possesses several peculiarities by which it may be at once distinguished from that species: thus, it is a
larger and more powerful bird; has a shorter bill; a more distinctly defined and whiter gorget; the tail
entirely steel-black, with elongated outer feathers, giving that organ a forked form; the crown of the head
green; the lower part of the back strongly tinged with brown; and the sides of the chest and lower part
of the abdomen of a deeper grass-green. The native country of this fine species is Ecuador and Northern
Peru, to which it appears to be confined; for I have never seen an example from Bogota, its place there
being supplied by H. Clarisse, and in Bolivia by H. amethysticollis. Many specimens were brought to
Europe by M. Bourcier, and some fine male examples have been transmitted to me by my friend Professor
‘Jameson, who collected them in the neighbourhood of Quito, which I regard as the head-quarters of the
species.

The male has a spot of luminous green on the forehead ; the crown of the head, all the upper surface
and abdomen dull green; behind the eye a small spot of white; chin black; throat rich violet-red or puce-
colour, the blue or violet hue slightly increased on the upper and lateral margins; below this a clearly
defined gorget of white ; rump and upper tail-coverts greenish brown; centre of the back, wing-coverts and
under surface green ; lores and sides of the neck black; wings purplish black ; tail steel- or bluish black ;
under tail-coverts white, streaked with dark brown ; bill black; feet brown.

The female has a faint indication of the luminous mark on the forehead; head, upper surface and two
central tail-feathers bronzy green, lateral tail-feathers black ; throat dull mottled black and brown, and a
slight indication of the white gorget.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Plwmierca Jamesoni.

LUELLA N¢ SPENCHEI.

Ibculd ad Rechicr dh & bith Slimane & Walton, Lp.

HELIANGELUS SPENCEL.

Spence’s Sun Angel.

Trochilus Spencei, Boure. in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xv. p. 46.—Ib. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 258.

Mellisuga Spencer, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 41.

Heliangelus spencti, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 2.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Diotima Spencer, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 12.

Up to the present time no species of the genus Helangelus has been found to the northward of the Isthmus
of Panama ;—Central America in fact appears, with few exceptions, to have an ornithology peculiarly its
own ;—the H. Spencez, however, approaches the line of demarcation more nearly than any other, inhabiting,
as it does, the extreme northern limit of the country called Columbia. My specimens are from the Sierra
Nevada de Merida, where they were procured a few years since, and sent to this country by the botanical
travellers Messrs. Funck and Schlim. It is not only a very rare and very beautiful species, but (which is of
more importance to the ornithologist, especially one who has undertaken the office of historian of this lovely
group) exhibits characters which at once distinguish it from every other member of the genus. These
peculiar features consist in the quiet subdued colouring of the violaceous throat, the feathers of which are
less glittering or metallic than im any of the other species, in the brilliant spot on the forehead being of a
silvery or glaucous green, instead of brilliant grass-green, and in the band across the breast being both
broader and of a more snowy whiteness. The colouring of the throat not admitting of my employing a
metallic agent in its representation, the figure in the accompanying Plate gives but a faint idea of the beauty
of this fine species, which can only be appreciated by an examination of actual specimens.

It gave me great pleasure when I found that M. Bourcier had named this species in honour of the father
of British entomologists, and it is very gratifying to me to have this opportunity of assisting to perpetuate
the name of a man so truly scientific and amiable as Mr. Spence.

The female of H. Spencet closely assimilates to the female of H. Clarisse, but the throat-markings are

more suffused with brown.

The male has a narrow mark of luminous silvery green on the forehead ; all the upper and under surface
golden green, with a tinge of brown on the head and rump; throat violaceous red, bounded below by a
gorget of white, next to which are a few luminous green feathers ; lores and sides of the neck black ; wings
purplish brown ; two centre tail-feathers bronzy green; the lateral feathers bronzy brown, tipped with
brownish grey; under tail-coverts brown, fringed with grey ; bill black ; feet brown.

The female is similar to the male, but is less brilliant, and has the throat mottled with brown and black.

The figures are of the natural size.

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HELIANGELUS AMETHYSTICOLLIS.

J Gould and HC Richter dd et lth. Sadimandd & Walton Jp

HELIANGELUS AMETHYSTICOLLIS

Amethystine Sun Angel.

Orthorhynchus amethysticollis, D’Orb. et LaFres. Syn. Av., p. 31.—D’Orb. Voy. dans l’Amér.
Meér., tom. iv. p. 576, tom. viii. pl. 60. fig. 2.

Melhsuga amethysticollis, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Weteane, sp. 40.

Trochilus amethysticollis, Tschudi, Consp. Av., no. 207.

Lampornis amethysticollis, Tschudi, Faun. Per., p. 246.

Heliangelus amethysticolis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 6.—Ib. Rey. et
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Anactoria amethysticolhs, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 12.

Tus beautiful Humming Bird was first made known to science by M. D’Orbigny, who procured a single
example of it during his journey into Bolivia. It was subsequently found by Mr. Bridges in the same country,
and it is from that source that the specimens in my own collection were obtained ; I also’received a single
example from M. Warszewicz, who killed it in Northern Peru. Peru and Bolivia, then, evidently constitute
the true habitat of this species, which may be regarded as the southern representative of the well-defined
genus to which the appellation of Hehangelus has been given. In size and in the semi-rounded form of
its tail it assimilates to H. Clarisse ; but it differs from that, as well as from every other member of the
genus, in the buff colouring of its gorget, in the central line of the abdomen being’ buff, and in the under
tail-coverts being of a darker hue; a marked difference from all its congeners is also presented in the
greater size of the glittermg green spot on the forehead, which, instead of being confined to the front,
extends towards the crown. The female offers the usual difference in the colouring of the plumage, but
preserves the buff band across the breast so characteristic of the male.

The specimen of this bird procured by M. D’Orbigny was obtained on the eastern slope of the Cordilleras
in the country of the Yuracares near Cochabamba, at the upper limit of the woody vegetation. Its stomach
contained numerous grubs and the larve of hemipterous insects.

The male has a large mark of luminous green on the forehead; chin black; throat rich luminous violet-
red or puce colour, the blue or violaceous hue prevailing on the upper and lateral margins; below this a
wide gorget of buff, succeeded by a series of green feathers, very narrow in the centre, broad on the sides,
and blending with the bronzy green of the flanks ; head, upper surface and wing-coverts bronzy green; the
head, however, when viewed in front, appears black; lores and sides of the neck velvety black, separating
the colours of the upper and under surface of the head and neck; immediately behind the eye a very
small spot of buffy white; wings chocolate-brown ; two central tail-feathers bronzy green; lateral tail-
feathers dull black, the three outermost on each side tipped with brownish grey ; abdomen mottled buff and
bronzy green; under tail-coverts greyish white ; bill black ; feet brown.

The female has a faint indication of the luminous green on the forehead; head, upper surface and central
tail-feathers bronzy green; lateral tail-feathers black; throat mottled buff and black; the buff gorget not so
decided, and the luminous green feathers*below far less conspicuous than in the male.

The figures are of the natural size.

HELIANGELUS. MAVORS , Gould

Sbculd and HC hicchier, deb et ith Midimmanded b Wadtow, Lap

HELIANGELUS MAVORS, Gowda.
Mars.

Hehangelus mavors, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1848, p: P2,aAves;-pleu.
Mellisuga mavors, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. iti. App. p. 5, App. to p. 113.

Heliangelus mavors, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 76, Heliangelus, sp. 3.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Trochilus Mavors, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 12.

Or all the species of the Andean Humming Birds belonging to the genus Heliangelus, | regard this as by
far the most beautiful and interesting ; it has all the charms of novelty to recommend it ; and it stands alone,
too, among its congeners, no other member of the genus similarly coloured having been discovered up to
the present time. The throat vies with the richest topaz, while the band on the forehead rivals in brilliancy
the frontlet of every other species; the colouring of the throat, however, like that of HZ. Spencez, has not
the transcendent glitter of HZ. Clariss@ and its near allies, consequently no metallic agent I could use would
assist in truly representing the richness of its colouring: all that could be done has been; but I regret
much when I observe how far inferior the representation is to the original.

The country in which this rare bird flies is the elevated region of Northern Columbia, particularly the
flat Paramos of Portachuela and Zumbador, where Messrs. Funck and Schlim found it, at an elevation of
from 7000 to 9000 feet; they also met with it on the Paramos of Los Conejos at a similar elevation.
In those districts there doubtless exist other fine species at present unknown to us, for we can scarcely
imagine that those travellers procured examples of all the species of the genus which dwell therein, and
which we may reasonably expect to be as rich in the feathered tribes as it is in another department of
Nature’s wonderful works, Botany, in which, I am told, numerous were the discoveries they made in this
almost terra incognita. Would that time and circumstances would admit of my visiting so rich a region,
feeling assured, as I do, that my labours would be amply rewarded by discoveries, not only in this group
of birds, but in every other branch of Zoology! Will not this remark induce some young and enthusiastic
naturalist to make a journey thither for the purpose of investigating its productions? If the field be
considered too limited, the eastern slope of the great Cordillera, and thence to Bolivia, will prove equally
rich in beautiful objects ; a lifetime, in fact, may be spent in thoroughly exploring this New-World paradise.

The male has a narrow mark of deep fiery red on the forehead; crown and all the upper surface bronzy
green; behind the eye a very small spot of white ; lores and sides of the neck black ; throat deep fiery red,
bounded below by a broad crescent of buff, which colour, but of a somewhat deeper tint, pervades the
centre of the abdomen; flanks washed with green; under tail-coverts greyish buff; wings purplish brown ;
two middle tail-feathers bronzy green, the remainder bronzy brown, the two outer ones on each side
obscurely tipped with white ; bill blackish brown; tarsi dark brown.

The female is very similar to the male, but, in lieu of the fiery throat, has that part mottled with brown
and black.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Stachytarpheta aristana.

DIPHOGENA IRIS .. Gould.

: Well ated TL Rechtcn diab tah Hudlmendel &

DIPHOGENA IRIS, Gowa.

Rainbow.

Helanthea Iris, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soe. 1853, p- 61; Reported in Athenzeum April 16,
1853.
aris, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 251.

Durie the last two years it has been my good fortune to obtain so many extraordinary species of Humming
Birds from the hitherto almost untrodden parts of Peru, that I am quite at a loss for suitable expressions
wherewith to describe their beauty, as will, I am sure, be apparent to my readers if they will take even
the most transient glance at the Plates intended to represent this and some of the other species I have
lately attempted to depict, among which no one is more brilliant than the Diphogena Iris. It is to the
indefatigable perseverance of M. Warszewicz that we are indebted for our knowledge of this new bird,
to which the name of Zs has been given, with the view of conveying some idea of the hues with which it is
decorated ; but beautiful as are the tints of the heavenly rainbow, they fall far short of the gorgeously
brilliant colours of this bird’s crest.

It will be seen that I have made the present bird the type of a new genus, to which future research in the
rich provinces of Peru will doubtless add other species. The same means of information must also show
whether the bird I have called Aurora, and another which at present I refrain from naming, are, or are not,
the young males or females of the bird here represented, or if they be two other distinct species; my belief
is that the latter will prove to be the case, but as yet I have not sufficient data to determine this point; I
need scarcely say that I shall keep the subject in view, and communicate the information I may obtain as

soon as received.

Feathers of the forehead and crown of the most resplendent brilliancy, those of the forehead green on
the sides, glossed with gold in the centre; on the crown the feathers are divided into three portions, those
on each side being rich orange-scarlet, and the centre equally rich blue; throat, neck and chest glittering
grass-green, with a small gorget of purplish blue in the centre of the former; back of the neck velvety
black ; wing-coverts and spurious wing bronzy brown ; wings purplish brown, the feathers nearest the body,
lower part of the back, under surface, upper and under tail-coverts, and tail, chestnut-red.

The figures are of the natural size.

ais

pe ae

DIPHOGENA AURORA, Goud

Jboldandil Richter del e& lith
: Walter & Cohn, lp.

DIPHLOGANA AURORA, Gow.

Bolivian Rainbow.

Diphlogena Aurora, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxi. p. 61.
Hypochrysia Aurora, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., Deo

Coehgena Warszewizi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., p. 23.

Coeligena Warszewiczii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum., p. 4, pl. 690. fig. 4526.

Tue beautiful bird to which I have given the name of Diphlogena Tris, and the one represented in the
accompanying plate, were both collected by M. Warszewicz; and two finer or more interesting species are
scarcely to be found among the Zrochilide. It is very unfortunate that the traveller, of whose intrepidity I
have so often had occasion to speak, did not ascertain the sexes of these birds by dissection; had this been
done, the doubt which has arisen in my mind as to whether this may be a distinct species, or merely a
female of D. Ls, would have been dispelled ; as it is, the point must remain to be decided by future research.
Since my original description was published in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1853, I
have examined the collection of birds contained in the Museum at Dresden, and thereby ascertained that the
bird to which Dr. Reichenbach has given the specific name of Warszewicsii is precisely identical with my
D. Aurora, It isa question which name has the priority ; but I believe that mine was first given; for I know
that all the Humming-Birds collected by M. Warszewicz were sent direct to George Ure Skinner, Esq., and
by him at once handed over to me, and those that were new were immediately described; a few, and only
a few, were retained by M. Warszewicz, and afterwards sent to Berlin, whence some of them found their
way to Dresden.

It is now pretty certain that both these fine birds were collected in the Andes of La Paz, in Bolivia, and
not in Peru, as stated in my account of D. Jris.

The following is a copy of my description of this bird, read at the scientific meeting of the Zoological
Society, held in the evening of the 12th of April, 1853.

‘The whole of the crown rich metallic green ; throat and back of the neck also metallic green, but not so
lustrous as on the crown; body and tail chestnut red, as in D. Iris, but not of so deep a hue.”
The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Lestanthus acutangulus.

CLYTOLEAMA RUBINEA.

> Boral ani Hf J elt Weel
Gould and HU Hichter, ded ed bth Hulimandel & Walton, ap

CLYTOLAMA RUBINEA.
Brazilian Ruby.

Melhisuga Brasiliensis gutture rubro, Briss. Orn., tom. iii. p- 720. pl. 37. fig. 4.

Oiseau mouche a rouge, Buff. Pl. Enl. 276. fig. 4.

Le Rubis Emeraude, Buff. Hist. des Ois., tom. vi. p- 31.—Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p- 114.

Le Grand Rubis, Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p- 60. pl. 27.

Trochilus rubineus, Lath. Ind. Orn., tom. i. p- 312.—Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn., part u. p. 563.
Ornismya rubimea, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 146. pls. 44, 45, 46.—Ib. Traité d’Orn.,

p-. 278.

Mellisuga rubinea, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 22.
Hehomaster rubineus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 70, Heliomaster, sp. 4.

Ruby-throated Humming-bird, Lath. Gen. Syn., tom. ii. p. 768.—Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii.
pp. 340, 341.—Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p: 342.

L'oiseau-mouche brun-gris, Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 61. pl. 28?

I vo not recollect that I have ever received examples of this bird from any other country than Southern
Brazil, which I am therefore led to believe is its true habitat; it is one of the species most abundantly sent
to Europe in all collections transmitted from Rio de Janeiro, and one of those most commonly called into
requisition for the fabrication of the beautiful artificial feather flowers made by the nuns in the convents of
that country. That it undergoes a partial migration is shown by the remarks respecting it communicated
to me by Mr. Reeves, in which he states that it arrives in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro in May, and
retires again to the virgin forests or other unexplored parts of the country about the end of September.
For some time after its arrival it frequents the flowers of the Yuga, “Tamarinda de Serra;” in July,
August and September, it resorts to the flowers of the Gua-chimba, and lastly, procures its food from those
of the Mariana, a plant which seldom remains in bloom for more than fourteen days. It breeds during the
months of June, July and August, the nest being placed among the branches of the loftiest trees of the
forest. Thousands are killed every year for the fabrication of artificial flowers.

The circumstance of this species being so very abundant near Rio during the months above mentioned,
has enabled Mr. Reeves to ascertain with certainty that it is subject to very great variation in the colouring
of the plumage between youth and maturity, and moreover that the adult female is fully as brilliant as the
male. I consider this a very important piece of information, as we may reasonably suppose that some other
species undergo similar changes; and it tends to confirm an opinion I have long entertained, that very old
females of other species are as brilliantly coloured as the males; I do not, however, believe that this state
must be attained before the powers of reproduction are perfected, for I have no doubt that the brown
birds so constantly sent with the males have been capable of breeding. Mr. Reeves adds, that “in the
places much frequented by this species examples may be seen during the same month in every state of
plumage they assume while in existence; and these changes are so numerous that I have in my Collection
upwards of thirty specimens, no two of which are precisely alike.”

To give figures or minute descriptions of all these changes would not add to the value or the interest of
the present work ; they will be sufficiently illustrated by the accompanying figures of the two extremes.

Besides being one of the commonest birds in our collections, the Clytolema rubinea is also one of the
most beautiful members of its lovely family, and is rendered eminently conspicuous in the group by its rich
ruby-coloured throat, surrounded with equally glittering green.

Mr. Reeves informs me that its local name is ‘“ Papa de Fogo,” and that the old bird utters a loud cry
resembling the syllables Zirr-tirr-tirr, the cry of the young bird being the same, but fainter and uttered
more slowly.

The nest sent to me by this gentleman is of a round, cup-shaped, but shallow form, placed horizontally on
the tri-forked extremity of a small branch, composed of fine, dark brown, glossy, hair-like materials closely

woven together, and decorated with small pieces of buff-coloured lichen, and lined with the pale buff flossy
seed crowns of Asclepiadee, within which is another lining of a pale rufous wool-like substance, upon which
the two white eggs are deposited: they are half an inch in length and three-eighths of an inch in width,

Forehead rich luminons metallic green, proceeding backwards to a point on the centre of the crown ;
throat rich luminous puce-red, surrounded by a broad pectoral crescent of rich luminous metallic green ;
sides of the crown and occiput greenish bronze, passing into the golden rufous of the back, wing- and tail-
coverts ; wings rich purple-brown; the bases of the secondaries rufous, showing conspicuously on their
under surface; tail rich golden brown, slightly edged with dark brown, and tipped with bronzy green ;
abdomen and flanks dull green, each feather slightly luminous at the tip; a bar of downy white feathers
across the vent; under tail-coverts green, edged with rufous; bill black; feet fleshy brown.

In the young male or the female the head and upper surface is green; the lateral tail-feather on each side
is rufous; the three next are rufous down the central portion of their bases, with bronzy margins and
apices; and the two central ones are wholly bronze; the throat and breast are rufous, and the flanks green.

In the subsequent stages the rich gorget and the full hues of maturity are gradually assumed.

The figures are of the natural size.

CLYTOLA MA? AURESCENS > Could

J Gold waht C Richter del.é bith.

Lathinrctriibel b Ve

CLYTOLAUMA? AURESCENS, Gow.
Banded Ruby.

Trochilus (Lampornis) aurescens, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xiv. p. 88.
Polytmus aurescens, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 108, Polytmus, sp. 23.
Lampornis aurescens, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., tom. i. p. 72, Lampornis, sp. 12.
Margarochrysis aurescens, Reich. Auf. der Col., p. 11.—Ib. Troch. Enum., p. 8.
Campylopterus aurescens, Bonap. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 250.

Turre is a region in South America that has as yet been but superficially investigated, either by the per-
severing and forward-pressing collector, the scrutinizing man of science, or those pioneers of discovery,
the devotees of religion. This country, vast in extent, covered with great primeval forests, and watered by
hundreds of the tributary streams which serve to form the great rivers of the inner sides of Columbia, Peru,
and Bolivia, teems with animal life: by the inner side, I mean the eastern dip of the great Andean and
Cordilleran ranges, or, to speak more pointedly, the ‘sources and tributaries of the rivers Amazon, Madeira,
and Negro. In this vast region, extending for at least six degrees of latitude on each side of the
equator, there must be numerous species which are still unknown to us; for at present we have only
skirted some of its forests, and ascended or descended, as the case may be, a few of its principal rivers.
The part of America here alluded to is, if I mistake not, the native country of the beautiful bird figured on
the accompanying Plate; at least it is from thence that most of the specimens I have seen have been
procured. My late friend, John Natterer of Vienna, obtained, I believe, several examples on the banks of
the Madeira; and Mr. Bates sent females or young males from the neighbourhood of Ega; I have also a
specimen sent from Kcuador by Mr. Fraser, but said to have been obtained on the Napo.

In point of affinity, the Clytolema aurescens is more nearly allied to the C. rubinea than to any other
species ; still it differs somewhat both in form and colouring, sufficiently, perhaps, to warrant its being
made the type of a new genus; and, if so, one has already been proposed for it, as will be seen on reference
to the synonyms, which are getting pretty numerous as to generic appellations ; I trust, however, that,
as I had the pleasure of naming the bird in the first instance, it may be allowed, after nearly twenty years,
to remain in the genus in which I have now placed it.

The male has the chin black ; the throat rich luminous gold-colour ; across the chest a broad band of deep
rufous; on the forehead a longitudinal stripe of rich shining blue; all the upper surface, two central tail-
feathers, upper and under wing-coverts and abdomen bronzy green; wings purplish brown; lateral tail-
feathers chestnut-brown, tipped both above and beneath with a bronzy lustre; under tail-coverts deep fawn-
colour; bill black.

The female or young male of the year differs in having the chin greenish brown, and in the absence of
the longitudinal blue stripe on the crown; the outer feather of the tail chestnut, the three next chestnut
with a narrow edging of bronze along their outer margins.

This latter description probably applies to a young male; if so, the female is unknown.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Dechorisandra leucophthaimos.

WaTEAS;

We

YR

(

ATA 7

.
Mi

i

TRC

Ot

»
)

Fullnandd & Wolter, Fup.

ld and HC Richter, del. et lath

ou

d.

BOURCIERIA TORQUATA.
Collared Inca.

Ornismia torquata, Boiss. Rey. Zool. 1840, p. 6.
Mellisuga torquata, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 12.
Bourcieria torquatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 73, Bourcieria, sp. 2.

torquata, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251.

Tue present is one of the best-known species of the well-defined Andean genus of Humming Birds, to which
the Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte has given the appellation of Bourczeria, in order to assist in perpetu-
ating the name of a gentleman familiar to every naturalist, as the possessor of one of the finest collections
of the Zrochilide in Europe, and who, by his personal researches in South America, has added largely to
our knowledge of this charming group.

Speaking in a wide sense, the high lands of the great country of Columbia is the native habitat of this fine
species. Most of the collections from Bogota and Popayan contain examples. Mr. Mark tells me that it
frequents the Paramos or upland grassy districts, and that it extracts its fuod from the blossoms of the
shrubby plants common to such localities, the wild Guava being always resorted to when in flower.

Judging from the large size of its wings and its general contour, we may conclude that, like its allies, its
powers of flight are very great.

It will be seen that the colours of the male are very decided, the white breast of the fully adult birds
offering a striking contrast to the jet-black of the surrounding plumage. The female is much smaller than
the male, and although dressed in a somewhat similar style of plumage, the markings are never so well
defined, the blue crown is absent, the white gorget is less pure, and the surrounding plumage obscure green
instead of black.

The male has the forehead, back of the neck, mantle, ear-coverts, and sides of the face, black with
green reflexions; on the centre of the crown a nearly triangular mark of blue; shoulders, spurious
wing, the three innermost secondaries, back and upper tail-coverts deep grass-green ; chin and throat black,
each feather tipped with greenish blue; on the breast a broad gorget of pure white; abdomen black, with
reflexions of green on the tips of the feathers; thighs black ; tarsi white; toes yellowish rose-colour ; wings
purplish brown ; two centre tail-feathers dark olive-green, the remainder pure white tipped with dark olive-
green, and extending down the external margin of the outer feather for three-fourths of its length; bill
black.

The female has the head and upper surface bronzy grass-green ; no blue on the crown ; wings and tail as
in the male; the throat white speckled with green, and the white gorget dull and clouded.

The figures are of the natural size; the plant is a species of Brugmansia, common in the country fre-
quented by the birds.

ane ai
aha My ai: ie bi

eee aii.: fall
ba rea Bit ia og

se ls i tee ls: a |e
im

7 ‘

’

BOURCIERIA FULGIDIGULA, Gould.

STinuld and HC Rechter del & lith Hidimandd & Walton, Jap

BOURCIERIA FULGIDIGULA, Gowa.

Green-Throated Inca.

Tue Loddigesian Collection at Hackney has for many years been graced with specimens of this Humming
Bird, collected in Peru, and M. Bourcier obtained numerous examples in Ecuador, some of which are now
in my own collection. This gentleman and myself have hitherto considered the Zrochilus insectivorus of
Dr. Tschudi and the present bird to be identical, but having been permitted by the authorities of the Museum
at Neufchatel to bring the original of Dr. Tschudi’s description to London, for the purpose of comparison, |
I now believe the two birds to be quite distinct ; I have therefore given the present species a distinctive
appellation, namely, that of Julgidigula, with reference to its glittering green throat. It is very nearly allied
to Bourcieria torquata, but differs in having the spot on the crown green instead of blue, and in the richer
hue and greater amount of green on the throat. Its native country is evidently the northern parts of the
Peruvian Andes, including Ecuador.

The sexes present the same differences that are observable in Bourcieria torquata, and the females of the
two species are so nearly alike, that the one can scarcely be distinguished from the other.

The male has the forehead, nape, upper part of the back, face and ear-coverts black with green reflexions ;
in the centre of the crown a nearly triangular mark of metallic green; shoulders, spurious wing, three inner
secondaries, back and upper tail-coverts deep green; chin and throat beautifully spangled with green; a
large gorget of pure white across the breast; abdomen black with green reflexions on the tips of the
feathers ; thighs black; tarsi white; toes yellowish rose-colour; wings purplish brown ; two central tail-
feathers dark olive-green ; the remainder pure white tipped with dark olive-green, which colour also extends
down the external margin of the outer feather for three parts of its length.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size, on a species of Steftza.

BOURCIERIA CONRADI,

SL boidldund HM Richie del, et bith tidimanded & Wattora, Srp.

BOURCIERIA CONRADL

Conrad’s Inca.

Trochilus Conradz, Boure. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xv. p. 45.
Mellisuga Conradiz, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 14.
Conradina Conradz, Reich. Auf. der Col., p. 10.

Bourcieria conrad:, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 73, Bourczeria, sp. 3.—Ib. Rev. Zool. 1854,
p: 292.

Ir is after the son of the late George Loddiges that this splendid and very rare species has been named,—
a just and graceful tribute to the descendant of one, who it may be truly said loved this group of birds ; and
I am sure that Mr. Conrad Loddiges duly estimates the compliment paid him by M. Bourcier in giving his
name to so charming a bird.

In point of affinity, this species is intimately allied both to the Bourcieria torquata and B. fulgidigula, but
differs from both not only in the lighter hue of the green colour pervading the upper and under surface, but
in the total absence of blue on the crown, that part being resplendent green in B. Conrad. The native
country of this fine bird is stated by M. Bourcier to be the “‘ environs of Caraccas ;” but my specimens were,
I believe, procured by M. Linden near Pamplona, in New Granada. Like the other typical species of the
genus, the sexes differ considerably in the colouring of their plumage; the female having the throat white,
and being destitute of the glittering green on the crown. Judging from the appearance of the dried skins,
it would seem that the legs in the living state are yellow.

The male has the head shining green, the remainder of the upper surface, wing-coverts, throat, sides of
the neck, abdomen and flanks green, with golden reflexions ; across the chest a broad mark of white; wings
purplish brown; two central tail-feathers bronzy green, the remainder white, largely tipped with bronzy
green; vent grey; under tail-coverts green; thighs white; beak black; feet apparently yellow.

The female is similar, but is less brilliant, and has the throat as well as the breast white or buffy white.

The figures are of the natural size.

eo

ra

als

hb
y

= _ : :
a ses oa eS oY ‘,
tie nd Rae agate ls as :

PT ids alee os rh he

BOURCIERIA INCA > ould.

Soild and HC Rrehier de Lee,
route a , ad ce ledpy Hitlmardel & Walton’ Lop

BOURCIERIA INCA, Gouwia.

Inea.

Bourcieria Inca, Gould in Jard. Cont. to Orn. 1852, p- 186.
inca, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 252.

WE are indebted to M. Warszewicz for the discovery of this very charming species, examples of both sexes
of which grace my collection. They were obtained during the month of July in the province of Coroico in
Bolivia, while hovering over a species of Bejaria, at an altitude of from six to eight thousand feet. The
first example I received was a young male, of which I gave a description in Sir William Jardine’s “ Contribu-
tions to Ornithology ” for 1852, accompanied by the remark, that, ‘‘ whenever the adult becomes known, it
will doubtless prove to be one of the finest species of the Zrochilide yet discovered.” In the interval which
has since elapsed, an adult example of each sex has been obtained, and I am therefore enabled to attempt
their delineation; and an attempt is all it can be called, for it is utterly impossible to give a correct
representation of this glittermg gem on paper. It is by far the finest species of the genus to which I have
assigned it, and affords additional evidence of the extraordinary richness of the natural productions of the
Peruvian and Bolivian forests. Like the other members of the genus, it frequents moderately high lands
where an almost equable temperature prevails.

The male has the crown of the head, back of the neck, sides of the face and throat jet-black, relieved by
a spot of glittering green on the forehead ; the tips of the feathers on the throat are also fringed with the
same, but less brilliant, hue; across the throat a crescent of rich cinnamon-red extending upwards on to the
sides of the neck; all the upper and under surfaces beautiful green, assuming a metallic lustre on the breast
and flanks ; upper tail-coverts and two central tail-feathers green with bronzy reflexions ; lateral tail-feathers
white tipped with bronzy green, which colours extend down the margin of the outer ones for three-fourths
of their length; under tail-coverts green; wings purplish brown; feathers of the thighs and tarsi white ;
bill black ; feet yellow or flesh-colour.

The female has the crown of the head and back of the neck green, clouded with black; back, upper tail-
coverts, shoulders and flanks vivid bronzy green; throat, cheeks and gorget-like band on the breast cinna-
mon-red, clouded on the throat with brown, and spangled with green on the cheeks; thighs buffy white ;
wings and tail as in the male.

The figures represent both sexes of the size of life.

EL RS

an Py =

CHLIGENA TYPICA.

Sbould ond HC Richter del et lth Hedlmandel & Walion Imp.

CQLLIGENA TYPICA.

Coeligene.

Ornismya Celigena, Less. Les Troch., p- 141. pl. 53.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. 1.
p- 93. pl. 4.

Melhisuga coelgena, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 15.

Caeligena typica, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 73, Caeligena, sp. 1.

Ceeligena typica, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Were not the numerous specimens of this bird, which we have of late years received, all perfectly alike, we
might naturally suppose that they were birds clothed in an immature dress, or females of some species the
males of which were not known; all the bright colour which occurs being on the lower part of the back,
and consisting of a metallic lustre on the edges of the rump-feathers, which is only visible in certain lights ;
late discoveries, however, have made us acquainted with other species of this form, in which a similar style
of plumage prevails, and we now find that there is a large group of these plainly-coloured birds, to which,
therefore, a distinctive generic title has with propriety been given; all inhabit the great Andean ranges,
and one or other of the species is found from the Isthmus of Panama to Bolivia. It is not, however, on
the bleak Sierras that these birds must be sought for, but on the first Steppes of the Andes, above the great
plains which stretch away to the eastward. I have always considered the Bolivian bird to be different from
the one here figured, and if this opinion be correct, the range of the latter will be more limited than it at
present appears to be. I have seen specimens from Ecuador, Popayan, Quito, Quijos, Bogota, and the
Caraccas, beyond which, in all probability, its range does not extend. Mr. Mark informs me that the
Bogota specimens are collected in the hot districts of Gramalote, which lie to the eastward of that city,
at an elevation of from one to two thousand feet.

I believe that there is little or no difference in the colouring of the sexes, and that the female can only be
distinguished by her smaller size.

The head, neck, back and wing-coverts are bronzy crimson-brown, becoming brighter bronze on the
lower part of the back and rump, the feathers of which parts are fringed with metallic grass-green, the
brilliancy of which is most conspicuous when viewed from behind; wings purplish brown ; upper tail-coverts
rich reddish bronze; tail bronzy green; feathers of the throat grey with brown centres, giving that part a
scaly appearance ; flanks and abdomen purplish brown; under tail-coverts brownish green edged with buff.

The figures are the size of life.

ot eis eect
ao site al-o8

ES

ae pis

CMHLIGENA PURPUREA, Goud.

SGoitd and H bRichter, deh. & lth Hullmeandd & Waltor, Imp.

CQZLIGENA PURPUREA.

Purple Ceeligene.

I wave lately received from M. Parzudaki, of Paris, a fine specimen of this bird, which I believe to be from
the neighbourhood of Popayan ; a second example forms part of the collection of Edward Wilson, Esq.,
and is said to have been killed in Peru. Both specimens appear to be fully adult, and, like the Celigena
typica, they are never adorned with any other metallic colouring than that which occurs on the beautiful
fringe-like edges of the feathers of the lower part of the back and rump.

The Celgena purpurea is a larger and more powerful bird than C. typica, and differs also from that species
in the much deeper colour of the tail, in the rich purple hue of its head, neck and shoulders, and in having
a somewhat obscure lunate mark of white on each side the chest ; in this last particular it offers an alliance
to the Wilsoni, but from which also I am convinced it is specifically distinct.

The shoulders bluish purple ; head, neck, back and wing-coverts very dark purple, becoming of a bronzy
hue on the lower part of the back and rump, where also the feathers are fringed with metallic grass-green,
most conspicuous when the bird is viewed from behind; tail very dark bronzy purple; wings purplish
brown ; on each side the chest a lunate mark of white ; the remainder of the under surface very dark purplish
brown; the feathers of the throat edged with grey, giving that part a scaly appearance, and the under tail-
coverts with buff.

The figures represent the bird of the size of life.

am are eT or a A.
- of site

Ped

A

Strom

ori eee

°
Pe
Sit

°

oa

“OE LIGENA PROUNELLI,

Ihould and Ht Richio dil. & lth Hudlonanedel & Wodton Jy!

CQALIGENA PRUNELLLI.

Prunelle’s Ceeligene.

Trochilus Prunelli, Boure. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyon, tom. vi. 1843, p. 36. pl. 1.—Ib. Rev.
Zool. 1843, p. 70.

Melhsuga Prunellei, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 11.

Homophania Prunelli, Reich. Aufz. der Col., p- 10.

Bourcieria prunelli, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 292.

Tus, like most of the straight-billed Humming-birds, is a native of Columbia and New Grenada; it is a
most interesting and attractive species, and is plentifully sent to this country from Bogota: seldom indeed
does a collection arrive from that part of South America which does not contain examples. M. Bourcier
gives the environs of Facativa, in Columbia, as one of the localities in which specimens have been procured.
The conspicuous white mark on the side of the chest, beautifully relieved by the black of the surrounding
parts, the glittering glaucous green of the shoulders, and the variegated colouring of the back, all tend
to render it remarkably different from its congeners. The specific name, bestowed upon this bird by
M. Bourcier, is intended as a compliment to Dr. Prunelle, one of the scientific celebrities of the city of
Lyons.

The sexes present no marked difference in their colouring, but the female is rather less brilliant, and
somewhat smaller than her mate.

General plumage dark purplish-black ; a bronzy gloss on the forehead; a narrow mark of bluish-green on
the lower part of the throat; on each side the chest a large and conspicuous patch of white; wing-coverts
steel-blue with green reflexions; wings dark purplish-brown ; tail dark velvety purplish-black ; under tail-
coverts fringed with white; back and upper tail-coverts, when viewed from behind a mass of colour,
of which language can convey no idea, being a mingling of crimson, green, purple and red, changing with
the direction of the rays of light, or perfectly iridescent ; bill black; feet fleshy-brown.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is a portion of the Chamedorea Ernesti-Augusti.

ape

a 7
ial

i ms

ae

J

os i¥ :

Bei aie

i I ie rt a ee
ef =e eee a, pe }

wo ok €

to)

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#8 a mo

ee

Mie iy BONA, En me

ee ac:

;

‘

“CHLIGENA WILSONT.

1 Gould and HC liechter del. et lith Huliriandd & Waléon, Gp

CQiALIGENA WILSONI.

Wilson’s Ceeligrene.

Trochilus Wilsoni, De Latt. et Boure. Rev. Zool. 1846, p- 305.

Mellisuga Wilson, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Melhsuga, sp. 13.

Bourcieria Wilson, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p.73, Bourcieria, sp. 4.—Ib. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.
1854, p. 252.—Reichenb. Troch. enumer., p. 7. pl. pecxt. figs. 4728, 4724.

Lampropygia Wilson, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 10.

I nave little to communicate respecting the bird here figured ; it is certainly quite distinct from every other
with which we are acquainted, but I doubt not that I have placed it in that genus to which it truly
belongs, namely, Celigena; for, upon comparing it with the well-known species, C. ¢ypica and C. purpurea,
no structural differences whatever are observable; and the distribution of thé colouring is very similar, the
only exception being that the throat of this species is luminous; the three birds are in fact intimately allied,
and, with the Prunelh, appear to me to constitute a natural group, which does not admit of or require
separation ; one very peculiar character—the lustrous fringing of the feathers of the back and rump—being
common to the whole of them, and not observable in any others of the Trochilidz yet discovered.

The Celigena Wilsont has been named in honour of Edward Wilson, Esq., of Tenby in Pembrokeshire,
a gentleman who, although not himself a professed ornithologist, has contributed both largely and liberally
towards the promotion of that branch of science. ‘The native country of the bird is Ecuador, whence it
extends northward to the latitude of Bogota, and southward to the confines of Peru. But little difference
will, I believe, be found in the colouring of the sexes; the female as well as the male, in all the specimens
I have seen, possesses the purple colourimg of the throat, but in no instance to so great an extent as in
the latter sex.

M. Bourcier states, that in the neighbourhood of Quito it inhabits the sheltered valleys of the Andes, at
an elevation of ten thousand feet, and that he has killed numerous specimens in the valley of Nono, to the
north of Quito.

Head and all the upper surface bronzy brown, changing to bronzy green on the wing-coverts and back,
the green of the back being most apparent when viewed from behind; upper tail-coverts bronzy brown ;
wings purplish brown; tail bronze, changing to green towards the margin of the feathers, and narrowly edged
with dark brown; chin and ear-coverts dark brown; throat fine purple, bounded on the sides and below by
a narrow band of brownish black ; on each side the neck a patch of greyish white; under surface obscure
brownish grey washed with bronze ; under tail-coverts reddish brown ; bill black; feet brown.

The Plate represents the two sexes of the size of life. The plant is the Zrrchopiha suans.

HELIOMASTER LONGIROSTRIS.,

5 ep :
TGould and HC Bechter del ct lath Malbnaniddl Valten, fap

HELIOMASTER LONGIROSTRIS.

Long-billed Star-throat.

Trochilus longirostris, Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 107. pl. 59.—Ib. 2nde Edit. du Nouv. Dict.
d’ Hist. Nat., tom. vii. p. 366.—Ib. Ency. Méth. Orn., part ui. p. 566.

—_——— superbus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., vol. xii. pl. 517.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. viii. p. 323. pl. 41.
fig. 2.—Temm. Pl. Col. 299. fig. 1.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i.
p- 94.

Ornismya superba, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 40. pl. 2.—Ib. Hist. Nat. des Col., p. 164.
—Supp. des Ois. mou., pl. 33.—Ib. Les Troch., p- 99. pl. 84.—Ib. Traité d’Orn.
p- 278.

Long-billed Humming Bird, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 354. :

Mellisuga longrostris, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 4.

Helomaster longirostris, Bonap. Consp. Gen.-Av., p. 70, Heliomaster, sp. 2.

A.rHoueH not known to Linnzus, this species of Humming Bird is one of those with which ornithologists
have been longest acquainted, having been figured early in the present century in Shaw’s “ Naturalist’s
Miscellany,” and the “‘ Oiseaux dorées” of M. Vieillot. Most of the specimens contained in our collections
are from the island of Trinidad, where it appears to be common; it also inhabits the neighbouring countries
of the continent—Demerara, Cayenne, and the Caraccas, specimens from all of which are precisely alike
in every particular. I have no positive evidence that it crosses to the Isthmus of Panama, or that it inhabits
the States of Veragua and Costa Rica, but a species is there found to which it is so nearly allied, that
the two birds might easily be confounded.

The Heliomaster longirostris is subject to considerable variation in its colouring, due either to age or sex,
but the true cause of which is at present unknown; thus individuals are often found with the throat almost
entirely black, with a well-defined white line running from the gape down each side of the neck, and
with the whole of the under surface of a much lighter grey than is observed in others, in which the rich
colouring of the crown and throat is fully developed.

The descriptions given below are of individuals exhibiting the extreme variations of plumage and the
intermediate state.

Forehead and crown metallic green, slightly tinged with blue; chin black ; throat luminous crimson ;
occiput and nape greenish bronze; upper surface and wing-coverts shining green, with a bronzy lustre; on
the centre of the back a longitudinal mark of white; wings deep purple-brown; two centre tail-feathers
bronzy green, the remainder bronzy green at the base, passing into the dull black of their apical portion 3
the outer feather on each side with a large oval spot of white at the extremity of the inner web, the next
with a smaller spot in the same position, and the third with a minute spot at the tip; below the eye a streak
of black, and beneath this another of white; under surface grey, with a broad irregular line of white down
the centre, and with a wash of green on the flanks, between which and the back is a tuft of snow-white.
feathers; under tail-coverts olive-brown, margined and tipped with white; bill black; feet blackish
- brown.

In another, perhaps the youthful state, the upper surface is brown, glossed with bronzy green; the white
spots at the tips of the outer tail-feathers are larger, especially that on the third; the throat is black,
glossed on the lower part only with dull metallic crimson ; the under surface lighter, and the white mark
on the side of the face much more conspicuous.

The supposed female is very similar to the last, but is altogether of a much darker or browner hue on
the upper surface, and has no trace of the crimson lustre on the throat; both have the white mark on the
back and the white tufts on the sides equally conspicuous.

The Plate represents two adult males, and what is supposed to be an adult female.

1s
> al ‘

mets As

a a ete
Mixy S: dial

oman
pag * 5 ee
tae eS

‘ rt it ¥

Le ak ha
pin patel
Ee Uae,

<

Se | c : i
=e rt hae : nie 3 7 =

HE LIOMASTER CONSTANT,

Sbeutl and HC Hechter, del ct bith
Ballrandd & Walter fap

HELIOMASTER CONSTANTI.

Constant’s Star-throat.

Trochilus Constantu, De Latt. Echo du Monde Savante, Juin 1843.

I nave for a long time had examples of this bird in my collection with the name of Constanti attached thereto,
but I have not as yet been able to find a description of it in any work; the “Echo du Monde Savante,” in
which it is said to be described, being merely a kind of newspaper or journal of the day, and consequently
seldom cared for after perusal, is now so rare as to be unprocurable. I must therefore content myself with
concluding that the name has been rightly applied.

I have received numerous examples direct from Guatemala, which I can affirm to be its true habitat; I
have never seen it from the more southern countries of Veragua and Costa Rica, or the comparatively
northern ones of Mexico proper ; I have but little doubt that it inhabits the temperate and sterile regions
of that country, especially those that are favourable to the growth of pines and various species of oak. Its
brilliant scarlet throat will at all times serve to distinguish this from the other members of the genus.

The sexes present the usual difference of size, the female being smaller than her mate; in their colouring
they are very similar, but the extent of the red on the throat is much less, and occupies the lower portion
only in the female; and in some individuals of this sex is almost obsolete. —

The tufts of white feathers on the sides, the irregular line of the same hue down the centre of the band,
and the white line descending from the gape, are conspicuous features in this species.

Head, the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts bronzy green, deepening into a sooty hue on the forehead ;
wings dull purplish brown; two centre tail-feathers bronzy green, the remainder bronzy green at the base,
passing into black towards the tip, the extent of the green decreasing and of the black increasing as the
feathers recede from the centre; each with a spot of white at the tip, that on the outer one occupying both
webs, but not reaching quite to the tip of the outer web ; the white spot on the others at the extremity of
the inner web and gradually decreasing in size; spot behind the eye, streak down the cheeks, tuft on each
side, and a line down the rump, white; chin black; throat rich deep luminous metallic red; under surface
grey, washed with bronzy green on the flanks; under tail-coverts olive-brown, margined with white; bill
black; feet dark brown.

The figures are of the natural size.

HELIOMAS TER PINICOLA , Gozdd.

Sbculd and Hl kiekier, del ot lith

SJ 0 r 7;
nanded b Nalten “np

HELIOMASTER PINICOLA, Gow.

Pine Star-throat.

Heliomaster pinicola, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1853.

Tux late Damiano Floresi will always be remembered by Trochilidists as one who has been the means of
making known to us many of the Humming Birds of Mexico, and in acknowledging the value of his
exertions, I feel that I am only rendering justice to one to whom we are all so largely indebted, and I
would add, that none of his numerous friends more sincerely regrets his premature decease than myself.
It is to him that we owe the discovery of the bird figured on the accompanying Plate. M. Floresi
informed me that the almost sole habitat of this species is the lofty pine ridges of Northern Mexico, a
circumstance affording additional evidence that a peculiar vegetation is accompanied by a corresponding
peculiarity in animal life; thus, the vegetation of its habitat bemg of a sombre character, the colouring of
the present bird is of a similar hue, rendering it conspicuously different from most other Humming Birds.
It is the northern or Mexican representative of the H. Constanti of Guatemala, to which it is very nearly
allied, but from which it differs in being somewhat larger in size, in having a more mealy grey style of
plumage, in the feathers of the red gorget being of a crimson rather than a scarlet hue, in their occupying
the lower part of the throat only, and in each of these feathers being fringed with grey.

The same difference in the size of the sexes occurs in this as in the other species, and the female also
differs from her mate in having a trace only of the gorget on the lower part of the throat.

Head, upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts dull bronzy green, passing into dark grey on the forehead ;
wings dull purplish brown; two centre tail-feathers bronzy green, tipped with purplish black; lateral
feathers bronzy green at the base, passing into purplish black; the extent of the green decreasing and of
the black increasing as the feathers recede from the centre, each with a spot of white at the tip, that on
the outer one occupying both webs, but not reaching quite to the margin of the outer one, the white spot
on the others at the extremity of the inner web and gradually decreasing in size ; spot behind the eye, streak
down the cheeks, streak down the rump, tuft on each flank, and vent, white; upper part of the throat dark
grey, each feather narrowly fringed with white; lower part of the throat deep luminous crimson, each
feather margined with grey; under tail-coverts brown, largely tipped with white; bill black; feet dark
brown.

‘The figures represent the two sexes of the size of life.

By some inadvertence the term Heliomaster has been printed on the Plate Hetoster.

rat

J Gould and HC Richter, del lith HELIOMASTER M ESOLEVU

ATTY «&
( i S e Audllmandel & Walton imp

HELIOMASTER MESOLEUCUS.

Stripe-breasted Star-throat.

Trochilus mesoleucus, Temm. Pl. Col. 317.

longirostris, Natt. (Bonap.).
—__—— squamosus, Temm. Pl. Col. 203. dial.

mystacinus, Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. iii. ined. pls. 21 male, 22 female, 23 young.
Ornismya Temmincku, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p- 88. pl. 20.
—__——— mesoleuca, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p- 110. pls. 29, 30.—Ib. Traité d’Orn.,

p- 278.

Melhsuga mesoleuca, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 246.

squamosa, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xiv. p. 245.

melanoleuca, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 112, Mellisuga, sp. 5.
Heliomaster mesoleucus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 70, Heliomaster, sp. 3.

Waite H. longirostris inhabits the north-eastern shores of South America, and H. Angele the southern,
the present species dwells in the intermediate country, its more favourite localities appearing to be
the interior districts rather than those near the coast; for although it is rarely found in the immediate
vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, it is tolerably numerous in the rich provinces of Minas Geraes, and from thence
extends to the latitudes of Bahia and Pernambuco. Mr. Reeves, who has afforded me much information

respecting many species of this family, simply says, in reference to the present bird, that it ‘inhabits Minas
Geraes and Bahia, but is rare in Rio:” to this gentleman, however, I am indebted for a nest of this species,
which is remarkable for the situation in which it is deposited,—the middle of a lengthened, pendent, rope-
like mass of lichen, probably a species of Usnea; the nest itself being constructed of some glossy vegetable
material, apparently the scales from the receptacle of one of the Composite, decorated on the outside with
small flakes of a pale buffy coloured bark, and lined within with a substance, which would seem to be the
white silky hairs which crown the seeds of some species of Asclepiadee.

The material of which the nest is composed varies, apparently in accordance with the materials at hand,
but it appears to be always attached to some pendent object, a mass of lichens, a leaf, &c., as in an account
published by the Vicomte de Tarragon in the ‘‘ Revue Zoologique ” for 1844, of a nest in his possession, he
states that it is ‘attached vertically, by means of some viscid substance, to a large leaf of a plant unknown
to me, but which in its shape and size exactly resembles a leaf of Cata/pa. It is composed entirely of
cotton, without a particle of any other material.”

Head luminous grass-green; throat-frill luminous purplish crimson; upper surface and wing-coverts
bronzy green; two centre tail-feathers deep green, glossed with bronze, remainder of the tail-feathers
purplish black ; beneath the eye a line of white; under surface very dark green, with an irregular line of
white down the centre, and a tuft of white feathers on the sides between the flanks and back; under tail-
coverts blackish green, margined and tipped with white ; bill black ; feet dark brown.

The young are very similar in colour, but the green of the head is much less brilliant, and the throat-
feathers are black bordered with white, giving that part a scaly appearance, whence M. ‘Temminck’s name
of squamatus.

The female has the whole of the upper surface bronzy green; the tail-feathers greenish bronze at the
base passing into black, the three outer feathers on each side tipped with white, the white being conspicuous
on the outer one, less so on the next, and still less on the third; throat-feathers dark olive, margined with
white; under surface bronzy green, with a mesial stripe of white.

The figures represent the two sexes of the natural size.

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HELIOMASTER ANGELA.

Storutdand HO Brchter def cf bith Mebtlnratidel d Nilten

HELIOMASTER ANGELZ.

Angela Star-throat.

Ornismya Angele, Less. Il. de Zool., pl. 45.
Heliomaster angele, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 70, Heliomaster, sp. 1.

Tuis very beautiful Humming Bird ranges over the countries of Buenos Ayres, Corrientes, and I believe the
banks of the Parana generally; it is from these countries alone that I have received specimens, and never
from Chili, as stated by M. Lesson; in addition to these localities, Mr. Reeves informs me that it also
inhabits Matto-grosso in Brazil. It is by no means common in our collections, a circumstance doubtless
_ owing to its habitat not having been often visited by collectors from France or from this country; other-
wise, from its extreme beauty and elegance, it could not have failed to attract their notice.

In the absence of all information respecting the habits and economy of this species, M. Lesson, after
noticing the lengthened and slender form of the bill, remarks, that ordinarily it must obtain its food from
the bottoms of bell-shaped flowers ; and that it is from within the flowers of the Bignonias and of the long
lianes with tubular corollas, which entwine and interlace each other in the forests of the New World, that
this Humming Bird procures the small soft insects upon which it feeds.

Crown of the head luminous metallic green, changing in some lights to aquamarine, in others to bluish
green, and in others to golden green; all the upper surface and the wing-coverts golden green, the golden
hue predominating on the lower part of the back; wings purplish brown; tail purplish black, glossed with
dark green; immediately behind the eye a spot of white, and on the cheeks a streak of grey; centre of the
throat rich metallic purplish crimson, on each side of which is a series of elongated feathers of a rich deep
metallic blue; under surface deep green, passing into rich blue on the middle of the body ; tuft on each
side and vent white; under tail-coverts green, fringed with white; bill black; feet blackish brown.

The female has the whole of the upper surface golden bronze, inclining to grey on the crown; tail green,
deepening into black towards the extremity, and a spot of white at the tip of the three outer feathers of
each side; wings purplish brown; all the under surface grey, fading into white on the throat and middle
of the abdomen.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size.

2 ;
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OREOPYRA LEUCASPIS, Codd

J Gadd andHC Richter, del. et tith. ' : 3
; Walter & Cohn, Jmp.

OREOPYRA LEUCASPIS, Gow.

White-throated Oreopyra.

Oreopyra leucaspis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part xxviii. p. 312.

Wirx what activity and perseverance the South American traveller, Warszewicz, scaled the sides of the
volcano of Chiriqui, and how well his exertions were rewarded, the curious and interesting Humming-Bird
represented on the accompanying Plate will testify. I delayed describing this new bird for several years
after it came into my possession, in the hope that additional examples might arrive; but up to the present
month of March (1861) I have only seen the single individual from which my figure is taken, and which
graces my own collection. This unique example is, I am sorry to say, in a very bad state of preservation ;
it is evidently a mature male, which, when shot, was in all the splendour of a fresh moult; but so woefully
is it mutilated, that I am scarcely able to figure it with accuracy. Under these circumstances, it is much to
be desired that some other traveller should procure us additional examples, and transmit at the same time
an account of its habits, and not omit to inform us if the sexes offer any marked differences in their style
of colouring. I am particularly desirous of information on this latter point, because I have for some years
entertained a suspicion that the birds I have mentioned in my account of Adelomyia castaneoventris may be
related to the present bird,—a point which further research alone can enable us to determine.

The Oreopyra leucaspis differs from every other member of the family in the beautiful silvery whiteness of
its throat, relieved by the surrounding black and green of the body and the glittering grass-green of
the crown; I have therefore made it the type of a new genus. It is as elegant in all its proportions as
in its colouring it is chaste and harmonious ; consequently, when better known, it will doubtless become
a great favourite with collectors.

The volcano of Chiriqui is situated in Costa Rica, a region evidently teeming with objects of beauty and
novelty: it was here, at an elevation of from nine to ten thousand feet, that M. Warszewicz shot the bird,
and immediately transmitted to me a drawing of it in a letter; and I offer my best thanks to this gentleman

for his kind attention.

Crown of the head exceedingly beautiful glittering grass-green; back of the neck and all the upper
surface deep grass-green with bronzy reflexions; throat pure white, contrasting conspicuously with the
glittering grass-green of the breast; flanks and abdomen greyish green with bronzy reflexions ; wings
purplish brown; tail forked and steel-black; thighs thickly clothed with hoary or greyish-brown feathers ;
behind the eye, and extending some distance down the sides of the neck, is a stripe of pure white ; bill
straight, and both mandibles of a uniform black.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Pachyphytum bracteosum.

EUSTEPHANUS GALERITUS.

JT baud, and HC Richter, ded. a letty

Hulimaniel 4 Wattory, lrg

EUSTEPHANUS GALERITUS.

Chilian Fire-crown.

&

Trochilus galeritus, Mol. Hist. of Chili, p. 219.—Lath. Ind. Orn., tom. i. p- 304.—Buff. Sonn.
Kdit., tom. liii. p. 317.—Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn., part u. p. 532.

Colibri du Chili, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. Paieey

Chili Humming-Bird, Lath. Gen. Syn. Supp., vol. ii. p- 170.—Ib. Gen. Hist., vol. iv. p. 300.

Mellisuga Kingu, Vig. in Zool. Journ., vol. iii. p: 432.

Ornismya sephanoides, Less. et Garn. Voy. de la Coq. Ois., pl. 31. fig. 2.—Less. Hist. Nat. des
Ois. mou., p. 69. pl. 14.—Supp. p. 109. pl. 5.

Trochilus sephanoides, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. i. p- 118. pl. 12.

—_—— forficatus, Zool. of Beagle, part iii. Birds, p- 110.

—_—— flammifrons, Lyell.

Mellisuga galerita, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 118, Mellisuga, sp. 93.

Sephanoides galerita, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 82, Sephanoides, sp. 1.

Ir our celebrated voyager Captain Cook added to his renown as a circumnavigator by discovering that the
Rufous Flame-bearer (Selasphorus rufus) is an inhabitant of the high north-western regions of America, scarcely
less interesting was the discovery made by Captain King, that the present fine species is a denizen of Terra
del Fuego, the extreme southern limits of that great continent, where it was observed by him flitting about
among flowering shrubs in the midst of a snow-storm. It is impossible to conceive why so delicate a creature
should voluntarily resort to situations apparently so opposite to those for which it seems fitted; and our
wonder that it does so is much increased, when we find that it is capable of performing migrations over a
vast extent of country, passing, as it does, the summer in Patagonia and the southern parts of Chili, and
retirmg northwards to the confines of Peru, when the season becomes too rigorous for it to sustain life in
those regions.

Mr. Darwin has given so admirable an account of this species in his Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
(where by some inadvertence the name and synonyms belonging to another species have been given to it),
that it would be an act of injustice to this accomplished naturalist were I not to give the entire passage in
his own words.

?

“This species,” says Mr. Darwin, ‘is found over a space of 2500 miles on the west coast, from the hot
dry country of Lima to the forests of Terra del Fuego, where it has been described by Captain King as flit-
ting about in a snow-storm. In the wooded island of Chiloe, which has an extremely damp climate, this
little bird, skipping from side to side amidst the humid foliage, and uttering its acute chirp, is perhaps more
abundant than any other kind. It there very commonly frequents open marshy ground, where a kind of
Bromelia grows: hovering near the edge of the thick beds, it every now and then dashes in close to the
ground; but I could not see whether it ever actually alighted. At that time of the year there were very
few flowers, and none whatever near the beds of Bromelia. Hence I was quite sure that they did not live
on honey; and on opening the stomach and upper intestine, by the aid of a lens I could plainly distinguish,
in a yellow fluid, morsels of the wings of Diptera, probably Tipulide. It is evident that these birds search
for minute insects in their winter-quarters under the thick foliage. I opened the stomachs of several speci-
mens which were shot in different parts of the continent, and in all remains of insects were numerous,
forming a comminuted mass. In one killed at Valparaiso, I found portions of an ant. Amongst the Chonos
Islands, at a season when there were flowers in open places, the damp recesses of the forests appeared their
favourite haunt. In central Chili these birds are migratory ; they make their appearance there in autumn:
the first arrival which I observed was on the 14th of April (corresponding to our October), but by the 20th
they were numerous. They stay throughout the winter, and begin to disappear in September: on the 12th
of October, in the course of a long walk, I saw only one individual. During the period of their summer
migration, nests were very common in Chiloe and the Chonos Islands, countries south of Chili. Near the
south end of Chiloe, I found on the 8th of December a nest with eggs nearly hatched. It was of the ordi-
nary form, rather more than an inch in internal diameter, and not deep, composed externally of coarse and
fine moss neatly woven together, and lined with dry confervee, forming a very fine reddish fibrous mass.
I feel no doubt regarding the nature of this latter substance, as the transverse septa were quite distinct ;
hence we may infer that this Humming-bird builds its nest entirely of cryptogamic plants. The eggs were

perfectly white, elongated, or rather almost cylindrical, with rounded ends; ‘357 of an inch in length, and
‘352 of an inch in transverse diameter. In January, at the Chonos Islands, when there were young in the
nest, a considerable number of old birds were shot; of these, however, few or scarcely any had the shining
crest of the male. In the only specimen, which I carefully examined, the metallic tips of the young feathers
of the crest were just beginning to protrude. Several of these males without their crest had a yellowish
gorge, and I saw some with a few light brown feathers on their backs; these appearances being doubtless
connected with their state of moult.”

The description of this bird in Molina’s ‘History of Chili,’ where it was first named, is so very inaccu-
rate, that, had we not other evidence upon which we can rely, that his description cannot refer to any other
species, I should have hesitated about adopting his specific appellation ; as, however, there can be no doubt
on the subject, and the name has priority over that assigned to it by Mr. Vigors in honour of Captain King,
I have, like other ornithologists, retained the name originally given.

The male has the crown of the head rich, deep, glittering, fiery orange-red ; upper surface, wing-coverts
and tail bronzy green; wings purplish brown; throat greyish white, with a small oval spot of brown near
the tip of each feather ; breast and abdomen greyish brown, glossed on the flanks and spotted on the breast
with bronzy green; under tail-coverts pale bronzy green, margined with greyish white ; bill black ; feet
brown.

The female and young males of the year are similar in colour to the male in every respect, except in being
entirely destitute of the luminous crown, that part being of a dull brown.

The figures represent two males and a female, on the Lardizabala biternata, of the natural size.

KUSTEPHANUS STOKESI.

J Gcruld and CH Richior del. c lith Hullbmantel & Walton, Sip

EUSTEPHANUS STOKESL

Stokes’ Humming Bird.

Trochilus Stokes, King in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc., Part I. p: 30.—
Less. Les Troch., p. 185. pl. 50.—Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. 1. p. 55.
pl. 5.

Mellisuga Stokes, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 118, Mellisuga, sp. 94.

Sephanoides stokesi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 82, Sephanoides, sp. 2.—Ib. Consp. Troch. in
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.

Tue island of Juan Fernandez is the true and restricted habitat of this beautiful species, the honour of
discovering and first describing which is due to Captain P. P. King, R.N., who, in dedicating it to his friend
the late Charles Stokes, Esq., was desirous of paying a just tribute of respect to one of the most accom-
plished men of science, art and literature that has graced society for many years.

Nothing has yet been recorded respecting this or the other Humming Birds inhabiting the island of Juan
Fernandez, the extent of which is considerably less than the Isle of Wight, but in which we are told there
are many lofty mountains, interspersed with pleasant valleys, clothed with an abundant vegetation. It is in
these valleys, and among the shrubby trees close to the sea-shore, that this bird finds a congenial habitat.
Mr. Bridges, who has lately returned to Valparaiso, after a short sojourn in this almost éerra incognita,
procured numerous examples, all of which, about thirty in number, have been sent to this country, and sub-
mitted to my inspection. Some of them are more richly coloured than others, but all have the metallic
green crown ; the question then arises, has the female this character as well as the male, or did Mr. Bridges
procure males only? One of Captain King’s specimens, now in my possession, and which is apparently
adult, is destitute of the metallic crown, and has always been regarded by me as a female, but it would
seem that this is uncertain ; dissection alone then can determine the point.

The only figure of this bird that has yet appeared is the one given by Lesson on the fifth plate of his
“Trochilide,” and of this I would only remark, that a worse or more incorrect representation of it could

scarcely have been made.

Crown of the head metallic bluish green; all the upper surface and wing-coverts green with a bronzy
lustre ; wings purplish brown, the spurious wing glossed with green; two central tail-feathers and the outer
webs of the three next on each side grass-green, the inner webs of these lateral feathers white; outer
feather white, edged with dusky brown, deepening into green at the tip of the outer web; under surface
white, with a spangle of shining green at the tip of each feather of the chin, throat and flanks, the spangles
being, in consequence of the smaller size of the feathers, most numerous on the chin and throat ; under tail-

coverts white with green centres.
The figures are of the natural size. The fern is the Dicksonia Berteroana, of Juan Fernandez

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KUSTEPHANUS FERNANDENSIS.

Jboutd and HC Ruchier, deb tith. Tulimrundd & Walton, Lop

EUSTEPHANUS FERNANDENSIS.

Cinnamon Fire Crown.

Trochilus Fernandensis, King in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc., part i. p. 30.

Ormsmya cinnamomea, Gerv. Mag. de Zool., tom. v., Ois. pl. 43.

—_——— Robinson, Less. Ois. Mou. Velins, pl. 7.—De Latt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, pals:

Melhsuga Fernandensis, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 113, Mellisuga, sp. 95.

Sephanoides fernandensis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ay., p. 82, Sephanoides, sp. 3.—Ib. Consp.
Troch. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 256.

Famiiar as is the name of the island of Juan Fernandez to every one, it is not, I believe, generally known,
that almost the only feathered inhabitants which enliven this isolated spot are three beautiful species of
Humming Birds, viz. Eustephanus Fernandensis, E, Stokesi, and E. galeritus ; of these, the present bird is
the largest in size, and is moreover rendered peculiarly conspicuous, not only among its immediate con-
geners, but amidst the entire family, by the uniform cinnamon hue of its plumage, relieved alone by the
flame-coloured crown.

Captain P. P. King, R.N., was the first who brought specimens to Europe, and gave a name to the bird ;
consequently, the term Fernandensis, proposed by him, has the priority over those of czmnamomea and Robin-
son, bestowed by the French naturalists Gervais and Lesson.

From abont 1825, when Captain King procured his examples, up to the present time, 1854, no additional
specimens had been received; Mr. Bridges, however, has recently visited Juan Fernandez, and the result of
his explorations is the transmission of thirty fine specimens. These are all precisely alike; are we then to
conclude that they are all males, or, that both sexes, when adult, are alike in colour, and the female deco-
rated with the brilliant crown as well as the male? I have seen one specimen in which the brilliant crown
was absent, but I had no means of ascertaining whether this was a young male, or a female; judging from
analogy, I should have supposed that the females were destitute of this ornament, and if so, all the specimens
sent by Mr. Bridges must be males.

Mr. Cuming informs me, that so fearless of man is this fine bird, that a gun is not necessary to procure
examples, as it approaches so close that it may be readily killed with a stick.

Forehead and crown metallic fiery red; the entire plumage of the body and the tail-feathers deep cinna-
mon-red ; wing-coverts the same, the lesser ones glossed with green and the greater passing into purple at
the tip; spurious wing green; primaries and secondaries purplish brown; vent buffy white ; bill black.

The figures represent the bird of the natural size, on the Z/yrsoptercs elegans of Kunze, a tree-fern of the
island of Juan Fernandez.

PHAIDLAIMA RUBINGIDES,

ST barld and HC Richter det ct héh Hillmanded £ Watton Iny

PHAITOLAIMA RUBINOIDES.

Lilac-throat.

Trochilus rubinoides, Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soe. Sei. de Lyon, vol. ix. 1846, p- 322.
Melhsuga rubinoides, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 112, Mellisuga, sp. 23.
Heliomaster rubinotdes, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 70, Heliomaster, sp. 5.

Clytolema rubinoides, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254.

Phaolama rubinoides, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, D.co:

Ow a close examination I find this species differs considerably both in form and colouring from the Clyto-
lema rubinea, with which it has hitherto been associated; I therefore adopt Dr. Reichenbach’s generic
appellation of Phatolaima for this and a nearly allied species from Ecuador. These two birds are rendered
very conspicuous among the Trochilide by the quiet and modest style of their colouring as compared with
the C. rubmea and other allied species. The tail, as will be seen, is very peculiarly coloured, but harmonizes
well both with the buff colouring of the under surface and the metallic pale-lilac-coloured throat-mark.

The Phaiolaima rubinoides is by no means a common species ; and nothing, I regret to say, is known of its
habits, or the localities it frequents. It is a native of New Grenada, and individuals now and then occur in
collections from Bogota. The metallic throat-mark and brilliant crown are more developed in some specimens
than in others, and I have seen examples where both were almost absent; the birds in this state may be
females or young males of the year. Few examples in this condition have yet been sent to Europe.

Face, line down the crown, and sides of the head luminous green; on the throat a patch of metallic lilac ;
sides of the head and upper surface bronzy green, the bronzy hue predominating on the wing-coverts, lower
part of the back and upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown, edged on the shoulder and outer quill with
deep buff; tail pure bronze, with deep buff shafts ; under surface buff, washed with green on the flanks.

The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Leha acuminata.

PHAIVULAIMA AQUATORIALIS, Gudd

Tboukd and HC Richter, del. et bath Huliriandel & Watton, lop

PHAIOLAIMA A QUATORIALIS, Gowa.

Equatorial Lilac-throat.

Phaeolema rubinoides, Sclat. in Proc. Zool. Soc., part xxvii. p. 145.
equatorialis, Gould, Sclat. in Proc. Zool. Soc., part xxviii. p. 70.

I nave for many years been aware of the existence of a second species of Phaiolaima, M. Bourcier
having pointed it out soon after his return from Ecuador, and assigned to me the privilege of giving it a
name, which I have neglected to do until the present year, 1860. Besides the examples procured in
Ecuador which grace M. Bourcier’s collection, I have received others from Quito, and I have three more
which were collected at Pallatanga by Mr. Fraser, from whose notes we learn that the bill is black, the
irides hazel, and the legs and feet dark flesh-colour. Ecuador, then, is evidently the true habitat of this fine
species—a species which is nearly allied to, but quite distinct from, the Phavolaima rubinoides of Santa Fé de
Bogota. It is not only distinguished from its northern ally by its greater size, but also by the total absence
of any glittering feathers on the crown, which are always present in P. rubinoides; the luminous lilac patch
on the throat, too, is not so extensive ; neither is it so brilliant. A peculiar style of colouring pervades both
species, by which they are distinguished from all other Humming-Birds,—a character which cannot be
rendered very clear by description, but which is readily perceptible on reference to the plates in which they
are depicted; they have indeed a sombre-brown look quite peculiar to themselves.

The sexes probably do not differ in colouring. It is true that I have seen examples without the luminous
throat-mark, which might be supposed to be females; but as they offer no other difference in their colouring

or markings, I am induced to believe them to be young birds.

Crown of the head, face, sides of the neck, and chin pure green; on the centre of the throat a small patch
of pale metallic lilac ; all the upper surface bronzy green, the bronzy hue predominating on the wing- and
tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown, edged on the shoulders and outer primary with deep buff; tail pure
bronze with deep buff shafts; under surface buff, washed with green on the flanks.

The figures are of the natural size. The Plant is Thibaudia Pichinchensis.

~

ERIOCNEMIS CUPREI

VEN TRIS

/ Gevse lef rend fi

Ledlnandl & Natten for

ERIOCNEMIS CUPREIVENTRIS.
Coppery-bellied Puff-lee.

Trochilus cuprewentris, Fras. in Proc. Zool. Soc., Part viii. p. 40.
Ornismya vestita 2, Longuem., Less. in Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 314 ?
maniculata, Less. ?
Hylocharis cupreoventris, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 114, Hylocharis, sp. 3.
Eriopus cuprewventris, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 80, Eriopus, sp. 3.

Tue great beauty of the Eriocnemis cupreiventris, and the large size of the white tufts clothing its legs, ren-
dering it a very conspicuous object, it is much sought after by collectors; and, judging from the great
number of specimens sent to Europe from Santa Fé de Bogota, it would seem to be one of the most
abundant of the Humming-birds inhabiting that country.

It evinces a preference for the temperate regions lying at an elevation of from six to nine thousand feet,
and appears never to visit the colder districts above or the warmer valleys below. From the circumstance
of no examples occurring in collections from any other part of South America than Columbia, it would seem
that its range is of limited extent.

The sexes are very much alike, and both have the white muff-like decoration on the leg, but it is not so
much developed in the female as in the male; the young is also very similar, but differs in having the throat
dull brownish black instead of luminous green.

The male has the crown of the head, sides of the neck, back and wing-coverts bronzy green, passing into
bright shining green on the upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown; tail purplish black; throat shining
green ; under surface golden green, passing into a rich coppery hue on the abdomen; leg-ruffs snow-white ;
under tail-coverts rich shining lazuline blue; bill black ; feet brown.

The figures are of the size of life.

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ERIOCNEMIS SIMPLEX (Gould)

J Gould and H.C Lachter del e: lithe. = 4
fullmandel & Walton, lp

ERIOCNEMIS SIMPLEX, Gow.

Olive-coloured Puff-leg.

Eriopus simplex, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 96.

Tue single specimen of this bird forming part of the collection of Edward Wilson, Esq., is the only one that
has yet been sent to Europe. It was received direct from Santa F é de Bogota, accompanied by other new
and rare species, which induces a belief that it had been procured in some district not previously visited by
collectors. Mr. Wilson, with his usual liberality, kindly lent me the specimen for the purpose of describing
and figuring it, if requisite. During the three years it has been in my possession, I have frequently
examined and carefully compared it with Ertocnemis cupreiventris, under the impression that it might
possibly be merely a singular variety of that bird, but I have always returned to my original opinion, that it
is a distinct species, and have therefore figured it as such on the accompanying Plate.

The colouring of the entire body is a nearly uniform dark olive-green, with a rufous tinge on the
upper surface; the crown of the head and back of the neck tinted with purple; the rump and upper tail-
coverts a very little brighter than the back; on the throat, a patch of scale-like feathers of a more glossy
green than the other part of the under surface; wings purplish brown ; tail black with purplish reflexions ;
thighs and tarsi thickly clothed with snow-white plumes, presenting a strong contrast to the dark colourmg
of the body; under tail-coverts dull bluish purple ; bill and feet black.

The figures are of the natural size; the Cactus is a species common on the Columbian Andes.

ma

te Uk wel

Hudirroretbed & Wado, Jr

Dbould ani H.C Richter, del. et brik

ERIOCNEMIS ISAACSONI.
Long-billed Puff-leg.

Ornysmia Isaacsonii, Parz. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 95.

Hylocharis Isaacsom, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 114, Hylocharis, sp. 9.
Eriopus isaacsom, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 80, Eriopus, sp. 9.

Eriocnemys isaacsoni, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Phemonoé Isaacsoni, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 9.

Up to the present time only a single example of this species has reached Europe. The specimen referred to
was received by M. Parzudaki of Paris in a large collection of birds from Santa Fé de Bogota, in examining
which, it did not escape the discriminating eye of that well-known naturalist. It subsequently passed into
the hands of the late Earl of Derby, and now forms part of the great Collection at Liverpool. It received
its specific appellation from M. Parzudaki, and I quite agree with him in considering it distinct from every
other known member of the genus. Its nearest ally is the . cupreiventris, from which, however, it differs
in its much longer bill, in the more coppery hue of its upper surface, and in the green colouring of its
under tail-coverts. Although received direct from Bogota, that locality is doubtless not its true habitat, for
if it were, we should certainly have received other examples during the thirteen years which have elapsed
since it was first characterized.

My thanks are due to the Trustees of the Derby Museum, for the loan of their unique specimen for the
purpose of examination, and permission to figure it in the present work.

Head and back dull greenish bronze ; upper tail-coverts purplish ; throat shining green, passing into rich
golden bronze on the sides of the neck, abdomen and flanks ; wings purplish brown ; tail brownish black ;
under tail-coverts shining green; thighs clothed with white down-like feathers.

The figures are of the natural size.

I feorkd and 4 Richtes

del et hth

renege

sade! i Walten

ERIOCNEMIS LUCIANI.
Buquet’s Puff-lee.

Trochilus Luciani, Boure. Ann. Sci. et Phys. de Lyon, 1847, p. 624.

Hylocharis Luciam, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 114, Hylocharis, sp. 4.
Eriopus luciani, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 80, Eriopus, sp. 4.

T. (Eriopus) luciani, Jard. Cont. to Orn., 1850, p. 2.

Tuis species was originally characterized by M. Bourcier in 1847, from a single specimen procured by
M. De Lattre near the village of Guaca in the Republic of Ecuador. Since that period the bird has become
tolerably common in our collections, many specimens having been obtained by M. Bourcier during his late
sojourn in that country. For the examples contained in Sir William Jardine’s collection and in my own, we
are indebted to Professor Jameson of Quito, who states that the bird is very common on the western side
of Pichincha, at an elevation of from ten to twelve thousand feet.

The sexes of H. Luciani, like those of H. Mosquera and E. cupreiventris, are so similar as scarcely to be
distinguished by their colouring ; both have the white ruffs, but as usual these ornaments are less developed
in the female. The young birds of the first year may be distinguished by the green hue of the throat being
entirely absent, that part being clothed by feathers of a nearly uniform blackish brown, without any metallic
brilliancy ; as the bird advances in age, a line of luminous green feathers extends down the middle of the
throat. On the forehead of some adults a brilliant bluish green mark is found, while in others it is totally
absent: probably this difference is due to the more or less approach to maturity.

M. Bourcier has named this species Lucianc, in honour of M. Lucien Buquet, one of the most distin-

guished entomologists of France.

Forehead shining bluish green; crown of the head, upper surface, upper and under wing-coverts bronzy
green, passing into shining green on the upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish brown ; tail purplish black ; all
the under surface lustrous golden green; under tail-coverts rich blue; thigh-ruffs snow-white ; bill black ;

feet brown.
The figures represent the two sexes of the size of life.

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ERIOCNEMIS MOSQUERA.

SJ breudd and HO Hichter, del ot bth Hlullmandel &- Walton Fp

ERIOCNEMIS MOSQUERA.
Mosquera’s Puff-lee.

Trochilus Mosquera, Boure. et De Latt. Rev. Zool. 1846, p- 306.
Hylocharis mosquera, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Hylocharis, sp. 5.
Eriopus mosquera, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 80, Lriopus, sp. 5.

Ir is only of late years that any species of this singular genus has been discovered ; only in fact since the
higher Andes have been visited by European collectors, and their attention called to the rich productions
which there abound. For the discovery of the present bird we are indebted to M. De Lattre, who procured
it at Pasto in New Grenada, and who in conjunction with his friend M. Bourcier named it Mosquera, in
honour of General Mosquera, President of the Republic of New Grenada, a distinguished patron of science
and natural history.

In its rich golden colours it differs from every other species of the group to which it belongs, and parti-
cularly from £. Luciani and E. cupreiventris, but at the same time it is more intimately allied to those species
than to any others.

After examining numerous specimens of both sexes, I find but little difference in their colouring; as
MM. Bourcier and De Lattre state, the female has a somewhat darker tail and the ruffs on the legs less
developed.

General plumage golden green, becoming of a purer green on the wing-coverts, back and rump, and
passing again into luminous golden green on the extremities of the tail-coverts; wings purplish brown ;
four central tail-feathers green; the next on each side olive on the inner web, green on the outer, the next
olive, with a wash of green along the outer web and at the tip; the outer one olive, with a tinge of green at
the tip only ; under surface golden, becoming very bright on the throat and passing into green on the centre
of the abdomen ; under tail-coverts green; thighs thickly clothed with white down ; bill blackish brown ;
under mandible lighter than the upper, or inclining to flesh-colour ; feet dark brown.

The figures represent the two sexes of the size of life.

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J bould andl CPeichter, ket. & lth altered & Welton, Bop

ERIOCNEMIS VESTITUS.

Glowing Puff-leg.

Ormsmya vestita, Longuem. Rey. Zool. 1838, p- 314.—De Latt. et Boure. Rev. Zool. 1839,
p. 18, and 1840, p. 8.

Trochilus uropygials, Fras. in Proc. of Zool. Soc., part vii. p. 15.

Ornismya glomata, Less. Echo du Monde Savant.

Hylocharis vestita, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. 1. p. 114, Hylocharis, sp. 2.
Eriopus vestita, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 80, Hriopus, sp. 1.

Eriocnemis vestita, Reich. Auf. der Col., p. 9.

Eriocnemys vestitus, Bonap. Rey. Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Ir is to be regretted that some more appropriate term than ves¢itus had not been selected as the specific
designation of this wonderful little bird—I say wonderful advisedly; for every one who, for the first time,
finds himself in front of the compartment in my collection in which this species is placed, gives utterance
to some exclamation expressive of the admiration excited by its striking beauty and the glow-worm like
splendour of its upper tail-coverts. This brilliancy is more apparent at certain hours of the day; for
instance, it is more beautiful in the evening after sunset than at mid-day, the brilliancy bemg then more
strikingly contrasted and relieved by the dark hue of the tail-feathers. It is unquestionably one of the finest
species of its genus, and one of the most resplendent of the Trochide : would that it were possible for me
even faintly to depict it! but no, the most finished drawing can be but a phantom of the original, and it is
only by an examination of specimens that my readers can form any adequate idea of the splendour and
beauty of this gem; and how much more gorgeous must the bird appear in its native wilds! But a short
period has elapsed since we first became aware of the existence of this lovely bird ; twenty-five years ago it
was totally unknown ; during the quarter of a century ending with 1859 it has, however, become extremely
common, so much so, indeed, that no collection need be without the richest examples: its market value is
very small, and thousands upon thousands have already found their way to Europe. Its native country is
Columbia, and it is nowhere more abundant than in the neighbourhood of Santa Fé de Bogota: it is within
an area of 100 miles from this place that not only this, but’a host of other species of Humming-birds have
been procured. Its large snow-white boots must render the bird a very conspicuous object both when
flying and when at rest, for it surely cannot conceal these lengthened tufts of feathers even if so disposed.
The female is not so gorgeously attired as the male, neither are her leg-tufts so conspicuous ; still she is far

from being destitute of beauty.

The male has the head, throat, neck, upper part of the back, and wing-coverts deep bronzy green ; centre
of the back purer green; lower part of the back and upper tail-coverts yellowish green, of the most intense
metallic brilliancy ; wings purplish brown ; tail bluish black ; a circular spot on the chin and under tail-coverts
deep rich metallic blue; abdomen and flanks glittering golden green; thighs thickly clothed with white
downy feathers ; bill black ; feet brown.

On looking at the bird in front, the head and neck appear to be of a deep black ; but on changing the
position, those parts are found to be of the colour described.

The female has a similar distribution of colour, but the hues are altogether less brilliant ; the central
tail-feathers are green instead of bluish black; the upper tail-coverts are not so much developed; there is
only an indication of the blue spot on the throat ; the under surface assumes a rusty tint, and the feathers
are merely tipped, or spangled with the brilliant hue so conspicuous in the male ; and the blue under tail-

feathers are less developed.
The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size. The plant is the Echenopsis erestata.

Pe. Le

eae

KRIOCNEMIS NIGRIVESTIS,

SL Gould ond HC Richter, ded. & bitty: SHullrnandd & Walton, Fp.

ERIOCNEMIS NIGRIVESTIS.
Black-breasted Puff-leg:.

Trochilus ngrivestis, Bourc. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyon, 1852, p.
Eriocnemys nigrivestis, Bonap. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.
Eriocnems nigriventris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., p. 9.

? vestinigra, Verr. MS. ?

Onx of the greatest enjoyments experienced by the naturalist is doubtless that of exploring countries hitherto
untrodden by the scientific man, where, ever and anon, an object is presented to his notice which has never
before been seen ; under such circumstances time passes quickly—the mind is at ease, or merely tempered with
sufficient excitement to favour good health and an exuberance of spirits; and second only to this pleasure is
that of receiving communications and collections from correspondents in far distant countries. In one of the ©
numerous letters received from my friend Professor Jameson, of Quito, a gentleman who has so largely
contributed to our knowledge of the natural productions of the primeval forests of Ecuador, occurs the fol-
lowing passage :—‘ There is one species of Humming-bird which I am particularly desirous of procuring for
you. It is an inhabitant of the upper boundary of the forest, and is as dlack as charcoal, with white boots.
Should I have the good luck to obtain a specimen, it shall be immediately sent off to your address.” Feeling
assured that such a bird was new to science, I replied immediately, urgently pressing my friend to procure
and forward it ; and at length the subject of the present Plate was transmitted to me. On examination it did
not quite agree with Professor Jameson’s description, but it is doubtless the bird he referred to, as it would
appear coal-black when flying at a distance. M. Bourcier of Paris, however, had the gratification of first
receiving the species through another channel, and from another part of the country, the environs of Tumbaro.
By this gentleman it was named nigrrivestis, ‘dressed in black.” It is in every respect a typical member of
the genus, and is most nearly allied to Z. vestita.

The general plumage of the male is black, with green reflexions, relieved on the throat by a patch of deep
blue, bordered in some instances with minute glittering green feathers ; lower part of the back inclining to
deep grass-green ; wings blackish purple ; upper tail-coverts dull indigo-blue ; tail deep bluish black; under
tail-coverts lazuline blue ; legs clothed with white down-like feathers ; bill black.

The general plumage of the female is greenish bronze, becoming of a purer and more shining green on
the upper tail-coverts and lower part of the abdomen ; wings, tail and under tail-coverts as in the male;
breast coppery green, with a patch of greenish blue on the throat; from the angle of the bill a small
moustache of buffy white.

Through the kindness of Professor Jameson, I am enabled to figure both sexes, of the natural size, on one

of the fine Orchids of the country, the dnguloa uniflora.

ERIOCNEMIS GODINI.

Lbould and Kl Richter di. # lah.
Mudleranide, 4 Walton Tp

ERIOCNEMIS GODINL
Godin’s Puff-leg.

Trochilus Godini, Boure. Compt. Rend. de l’Acad. des Sci., tom. xxxii. p- 186.
Eriocnemys godini, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.
Eriocnemis Godimi, Reich. Auf. der Col., p. 9.—Ib. Troch. Enum., p. 6.

Tus species, although in every sénse a true Hriocnemis, differs widely from all the other members of the
genus : in size it exceeds the LZ. vestetus, and moreover differs from that species in its longer and more decidedly
forked tail, and in the luminous feathers of the lower part of the back being of a more grassy and much
less brilliant green ; the whole of the under surface of the H. Godini, too, is of a rich glittering bronzy green,
with the bronzy hue predominating and becoming still more coppery on the abdomen; the green of the
throat also is interrupted by a small patch of blue, whichI suspect is more conspicuous in some specimens
than in the one from which my figure was taken.

The native country of the Eriocnemis Godini is Ecuador, where it was procured by M. Bourcier, to whom
I am indebted for the loan of his type specimen for the purpose of figuring it in the present work. It will
be seen that this is only one of many instances in which I have had to record my obligations to this
gentleman for the liberality with which he has seconded my efforts towards the elucidation of the natural
history of this lovely group of birds.

Head, upper part of the back, and wing-coverts bronzy green; lower part of the back and upper tail-
coverts shining grass-green ; wings purplish brown; tail black with steel-blue reflexions ; throat and upper
surface bronzy green, gradually deepening into rich bronze on the abdomen; on the centre of the throat a
small patch of blue; tarsi thickly clothed with white feathers ; under tail-coverts fine blue ; bill black ; feet
blackish brown.

The female is at present unknown.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Vriesia psittacina, var. rubro-bracteata.

ERIOCNEMIS D’ORBIGNYI.

Sboudd andl Chuchter, del. o tith Nalier & Cofer, Lip.

ERIOCNEMIS D’ORBIGNYI.
DOrbigny’s Puff-leg.

Trochilus D’Orbignyi, Boure. et Muls. in Ann. Soc. Sci. de Lyon, 1846, p. 315.
Phemonoé D’ Orbignyi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., p. 9.

Eriocnems D’Orbignyi, Reichenb. Troch. Enum., p. 6, pl. 741. fig. 4697.

Lriocnemys orbignyi, Bonap. in Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

Hylocharis D’ Orbignyt, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Hylocharis, sp. 10.

A SINGLE specimen (apparently an adult male) of this bird graces the collection in the Museum of the Jardin
des Plantes, at Paris. This individual was, I believe, brought to Europe by M. D’Orbigny, and was
procured either in Peru or Bolivia. The Hriocnemis D’Orbignyi differs from all the other species of the
genus I have yet seen, in the possession of a blue frontlet; in size it is very similar to LE. vestita, from
which, however, as well as from all the others, it differs in several well-marked specific particulars.

The unique specimen contained in the Paris Museum serves to show how little acquainted we are with
the Humming-Birds of the countries to the southward of Ecuador. That both Peru and Bolivia possess
many species as yet unknown, there seems to be but little doubt.

The following is a description of this bird taken from the Paris specimen :—

Forehead violet blue; all the upper surface uniform bronzy grass-green; throat and under surface
glittering golden green, inclining to blue on the centre of the throat and chest; tail steel or bluish black.
The figures are of the size of life. The plant is the Howardia Caracasensis.

ERIOCNEMIS DERBIANUS.

J. Gould ant H.C Ruchter, de. et lath Tidonanded & Wadtou Ing

ERIOCNEMIS DERBIANUS.
Derby’s Puff-leg.

Trochilus Derbyi, De Latt. et Boure. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 306.
Eriopus Derby, Gould'in Proe. of Zool. Soc., part xv. p. 17.

derbyi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 80, Eriopus, sp. 7.
Eriocnemys derbyanus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.
Threptia Derbyi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, p. 9.

Tuar the study of the great family of the Trochilidz, when all the species are known and the areas of
habitat enjoyed by each are ascertained, will tend to throw some light on what may or may not be termed
species, I think there can be little doubt. The various members of the genera Oreotrochilus, Oxypogon and
Ramphomicron live at elevations varying from 10,000 to 16,000 feet, and are confined to such limited areas,
that a single cone like that of Chimborazo or Cotopaxi is the extent of their range; on the other hand,
many of the extinct volcanos have species peculiar to the shrubby regions on their inner sides. Surely
such facts as these are worthy of a greater share of the attention of philosophers than has hitherto been
devoted to them. The bird figured on the accompanying Plate serves well to illustrate the foregoing
passage, for up to the present time it is only known to inhabit the extinct volcano of Puracé, where
it was discovered by the late M. De Lattre during his travels in the little-trodden countries of New
Grenada.

The Eriocnemis Derbianus is a species which differs very remarkably from every other member of the
genus, both in the coal-black colouring of its feathered legs and in the brilliant metallic golden green of
its upper and under tail-coverts. No other traveller but De Lattre has, I believe, obtained examples of this
bird; by him, however, at least forty of both sexes were procured, all of which realized very high prices.
These examples were so precisely alike both in colour and markings that they scarcely presented a shade
of difference.

In the year 1846, MM. De Lattre and Bourcier named this species in honour of the late Earl of Derby, as
a just tribute of respect to that distinguished nobleman, whose life was certainly not rendered less happy by
his study of the branch of natural science to which he was so much attached.

The male has a wash of green on the forehead; the head, all the upper surface and wing-coverts of a
golden bronzy hue ; all the under surface shining golden green; wings purplish brown; upper and under
tail-coverts brilliant metallic green ; tail, feathers of the tarsi, and bill black.

The female has a wash of green on the forehead; all the upper surface golden bronze ; under surface
similar in hue, but lighter and more brilliant; upper and under tail-coverts metallic golden green; wings
purplish brown ; tail black; feathers of the tarsi black towards the knee and greyish white near the feet.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the size of life on the Mawxillaria leptosepata.

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ERIOCNEMIS AILION AE,

Hulimuardted 6 Watton Lip

Souldand Richter, del. a bith,

ERIOCNEMIS ALIN ®.
Metallic Puff-leg.

Ornismyia Aline, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 373.
Ornismya Aline, Ib. Ann. Sci. Phys. &c. de Lyon, 1842, p. 344. pl. 19.
Hylocharis Aline, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114, Hylocharis, sp. 6.
Eriopus aline, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 80, Eriopus, sp. 6.

' Engyete Aline, Reich. Auf. der Col., p. 9.
Eriocnemys alina, Bonap. Rey. Zool. 1854, p. 252.

No one species of the well-defined genus Exiocnemis is more beautifully plumaged than the fully adult male
of this little Bird, neither is there any one of them that has the peculiar puff-like decoration of the legs
carried to so great an extent; no Bee ever hurried towards its hive with legs more loaded, or Beetle ever
turned a more glittering breast towards the light, the entire under surface being one mass of green metallic
colour. Having so beautiful an object to name, it is not surprising that the great French Trochilidist,
M. Bourcier, when introducing it to the notice of the scientific world, should have given it that of Ale, in
honour of his wife; and it gives me great pleasure to assist in perpetuating the name of a lady to whom
such an act of courtesy has been rendered.

Thus much having been said about the beauty of the bird and its name, my next duty would be, were it
possible, to give some account of its habits and economy; but on these points nothing is known, and I am
merely able to state that it is a native of the rich district in the neighbourhood of Santa Fé de Bogota,
whence nearly all the: specimens sent to Europe have been forwarded. Although by no means a scarce bird,
it is far less common than the LZ. cupreiventris and E. vestitus. There seems to be less difference in the
colouring of the sexes of this species than in either of the others; but I observe that there is considerable
diversity in the amount of the metallic colouring in individuals of the same sex, and I think it not unlikely
‘that the bird attains a considerable age, and a high state of health and vigour, before it acquires the
excessively glittering metallic hues seen in some specimens. It is somewhat singular that some of these
very fine males exhibit a white or broken appearance in the centre of the chest, a mark which I believe to be
perfectly natural ; again, this bird, when fully adult, independently of its glittering breast, has a narrow well-
defined band of the same colour across the forehead, immediately behind the bill, in which respect it differs
from all the other members of its genus, and which probably induced Dr. Reichenbach to propose for it a
new generic name—a name, however, I have not found it desirable to adopt, believing as I do that the
feature indicated does not amount to more than specific importance.

Head, all the upper surface, wing-coverts and tail deep green, the upper tail-coverts and tail being some-
what brighter than the other parts; wings dark purplish brown ; line across the forehead, and all the under
surface, including the under tail-coverts, rich metallic glittering green; legs thickly clothed with downy
white feathers ; bill black ; legs brown.

The Plate represents two males and a female of the natural size.

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RIOCNEMIS SQUAMATA, Coui/

Sboudld andl teiliter hel a léth

Hullrnandeak Wulion, /mp

ERIOCNEMIS SQUAMATA, Gowda.
Sealy Puff-leg.

Eriocnems squamata, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc., part xxviii. p. 311.

Ir is a question which can only be determined by time and the acquisition of a greater number of specimens
than I now possess, whether the bird here represented be or be not identical with the Eriocnemis lugens.
At present this appears to be somewhat uncertain ; but my own opinion is that it will ultimately prove to
be a distinct species. Of both these birds my collection contains all the examples I have ever seen;
these comprise at least four specimens of the /. dugens, and two of H. squamata. They were all received
from Ecuador, but were collected in very different localities; I have therefore very little doubt of their
being distinct; and if so, they, together with a third species (4. Aurelie), will constitute a small sub-
division among the Evzocnemides. All three birds are clothed in a very sombre-coloured livery ; two of them
(namely, /. sguamata and E. Aurelie) have parti-coloured boots, while the /. /ugens has its legs clothed with
white. A glance at the Plates representing these three species will give a better idea of the differences
they present than the most minute description.

Many years have now elapsed since I received, direct from Professor Jameson of Quito, the examples I
possess of 7. dugens; but it was not until very lately (just previous to the close of the present work) that
the EL. sguamata came to hand. Independently of its parti-coloured boots, the latter bird differs from both
its congeners in its far greater size; it is, in fact, a more robust bird than either of them.

Crown of the head, back of the neck, upper surface, sides of the neck and flanks coppery bronze, inclining
to green on the back and to rust-colour on the upper tail-coverts ; throat, chest, and centre of the abdomen
hoary grey with green and coppery reflexions ; in certain lights the feathers of the throat and chest appear
to be edged with grey, giving those parts a scaled appearance—hence the specific name ; under tail-coverts
smoky grey; anterior portion of the feathers clothing the tarsi white, the posterior portion buff; tail dull
steel-black ; wings purplish brown ; bill black.

The figures are of the natural size.

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ERIOCNEMIS LUGENS, Gould.

Jbculd and HC Richter, dd ct tith Hultrnandd & Walion Lap

ERIOCNEMIS LUGENS, Gow.
Hoary Puff-leg.

Eriopus lugens, Gould in Jard. Cont. to Orn. for 1851, p. 140.
Eriocnemys lugens, Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

I recEIvED my first specimen of this new bird through the kindness of Professor Jameson of Quito, who
collected it at a considerable elevation on the western side of Pichincha; a second and very similar
example I procured of M. Parzudaki of Paris, and these are all that I have yet seen.

The Hoary Puff-leg is a true Hreocnemis in every respect, and is somewhat allied to Z. cupreoventris and
E. simplex. 1am unable to say whether the specimens I possess are of opposite sexes or not, but, judging
from analogy, I suspect that no difference occurs in the outward appearance of the males and females.

From the sombre colouring, and the dense and lax plumage of this species, it would appear to be adapted
for cold and elevated regions.

Crown of the head, back, shoulders and upper tail-coverts bronzy green, slightly tinged on the latter
with rufous; throat, abdomen and under tail-coverts hoary black, with a tinge of green on the flanks, and a
narrow fringe of white on each of the feathers of the throat and chest, giving those parts a scaly appear-
ance; wings purplish black; tail bluish black; feathers of the thighs white, and lengthened so as to form
a puff; front of the tarsi and toes purplish black, yellowish beneath ; bill black, with a yellowish tint on the
base of the lower mandible.

The figures are the size of life.

ERIOCNEMIS AURELLE.

LGoudd andi Chichter, dd. & lith Stulimandel . Walton, Lap

ERIOCNEMIS AURELI&.

Aurelia’s Puff-leg.

Trochilus Aurelie, Bourc. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. des Sci. &c. de Lyon, 1846, p. 315, pl. not
numbered.—lIb. Rev. Zool. 1846, p- 316.

Hylocharis Aurelia, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p- 114, Hylocharis, sp. 8.

Lriopus aureliae, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p- 80, Eriopus, sp. 8.

Eriocnemys aurelia, Ib. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 252.

Eriocnemis Aureliae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Colibris, pao:

By far the greater number of the species of this well-defined genus have the puff-like feathers clothing the
legs of a snowy whiteness; in one, however, the Z. Derbyanus, they are black ; and in the bird now under
consideration they are parti-coloured, or brown and white.

I have seen examples of this species from various parts of the hilly districts of Columbia, over which
country it appears to enjoy a wide range, and where it has been killed by M. Warszewicz and other collectors.
Specimens from the neighbourhood of the River Napo have longer bills, and are altogether larger birds
than those from Bogota; so great a similarity, however, otherwise exists between them, that, for the present,
I shall consider them as merely distinct races or local varieties of one and the same species.

The Eriocnemis Aurelie was first described by MM. Bourcier and Mulsant, from Bogota specimens, and
I also figure a bird from the same district. These gentlemen state that they have named it Aurelie in
honour of the wife of M. Henon, Secretary-General of the Society of Agriculture, and one of the most
distinguished naturalists of the City of Lyons.

But little difference occurs in the colouring of the sexes; the female, however, has the puff-like feathers
of the legs of a smaller size, and whiter or less parti-coloured than those of the male ; and the young has
the lower part of the abdomen white.

Head, upper surface and wing-coverts dark bronzy green, the green hue predominating on the centre
of the back, and a tinge of rufous on the head; wings purplish brown; upper tail-coverts dark coppery
bronze ; tail dark bluish black, with a bronzy lustre at the base; under surface bronzy green, very dark on
the throat, and becoming gradually paler towards the vent, where the feathers are fringed with white;
feathers of the thighs pale chestnut and white; under tail-coverts grass-green ; bill brown, paler at the base
of the under mandible.

The young bird of the first year has the head and neck coppery bronze; upper surface green; throat
violaceous brown ; lower part of the abdomen white; and the under tail-coverts grey, with a trace only of
the green of the adult state.

The figures are of the natural size. The plant is the Marsdena maculata.

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