PALASONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. VOL. LXIX. THE WEALDEN AND PURBECK FISHES. | | | | | | | | | Part I. Paces 1—48; Puares I—X. | 1 PALMOZOIC ASTEROZOA. Part II. Pacres 57—108; Piatres II—V. IssuED FoR 1915. California Academy of Sciences RECEIVED BY PURCHASE AGoS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from California Academy of Sciences Library http://www.archive.org/details/monographofbritiO2spen PALMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. NOs Men xX Xx. CONTAINING 1. THE WEALDEN AND PURBECK FISHES. Part I. By Dr. A. S. Woopwarp. Ten Plates, 2. THE PALAOZOIC ASTHROZOA. Part Il. By Mr. W. K. Spencer, Four Plates, ISSUED FOR 1915. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE PALASONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. AGENTS FOR THE SOCIETY DULAU AND CO., LTD., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W. OCTOBER, 1916. THE PALAONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY was established in the year 1847, for the purpose of figuring and describing British Fossils. Each person subscribing ONE Guinea ts considered a Member of the Society, and is entitled to the Volume issued for the Year to which the Subscription relates. The price of the Volume to Non-subscribers 1s TWENTY-FIVE SHILLINGS NEY. Subscriptions are considered to be due on the Ist of January in each year. The Annual Volumes are now issued in two forms of Binding: 1st, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in one cover; 2nd, with each of the Monographs in a paper cover, and the whole of the separate parts enclosed in an envelope. Members wishing to obtain the Volume arranged in the LATTER FORM are requested to communicate with the Secretary. Most of the back volumes are in stock. Monographs or parts of Monographs already published can be obtained, apart from the annual volumes, from Messrs. Dutav anp Co., Lirp., 37, Soho Square, London, W., who will forward a complete price list on application. Members desirous of forwarding the objects of the Society can be provided with plates and circulars for distribution on application to the Secretary, Dr. A. Samira Woopwarp, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, London, 8.W. The followimg Monographs are in course of preparation and publication : The Graptolites, by Prof. Lapworth, Miss Elles, and Miss Wood. The Cambrian Trilobites, by Mr. Philip Lake. The Paleozoic Asterozoa, by Mr. W. K. Spencer. The Ordovician and Silurian Mollusca, by Dr. Wheelton Hind. The Pliocene Mollusca, by Mr. F. W. Harmer. The Pleistocene Mammalia, by Prof. 8. H. Reynolds. The Wealden and Purbeck Fishes, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward, ee i} QE Zo) P29 ANNUAL REPORT ~PALAVONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 1915, ieee Che Council, Secretaries, and stlembers A LIST OF THE CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED. Council and Officers elected March, 1915. President, HENRY WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. Vire-Presidents, E. A. Baturr, Hso., D.Sc., F.R:S. Sir ArcurpaLp GerKciz, O.M., K.C.B., F.R.S. Rev. Canon Bonney, D.Sc., F.R.S. E. T. Newron, Esq., F.R.S. Council. C. W. Anprews, Esq., D.Sc., F.R.S. A. W. Oxe, Hse., LL.M., F.G.S. G. Barrow, Esq., F.G.S. CuemMent Ret, Esq., F.R.S. Miss M. C. Crosrienp. W. K. Spencer, Hsq., M.A., F.G.S. H. Dewey, Esq., F.G.S. A. Srranan, Esq., Sc.D., F.R.S. Watcot Gipson, Hsq., D.Sc., F.G.S. S. HazzuepiInE WARREN, Esq., F.G:S. Joun Horxinson, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S. Pror. W. W. Warts, LL.D., F.BRS. fH LL. Krrcesin, Hsq., M.A., Po. D., F.G:S. Henry Woops, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. BisHor Mircurnson, D.D., D.C.L. | Treasurer. R. S. Herrizs, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. Secretary. A. Smith Woopwarp, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, London. 8.W. Potal Secretaries. Bath—Rry. H. H. Winwoopn, M.A., F.G.S. Hertfordshire—J. Horxtnson, Esq., F.G.S. Berlin—Messrs. FRIEDLANDER & Son. Oxford—Pror. W. J. Souras, F.R.S. Cambridge—H. Woops, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. Staffordshire—Dr. Wuurtton Hinp, F.G.S. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31sr DECEMBER, 1914. ANNUAL GENERAT, MERTING, HELD AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, BURLINGTON HOUSE, 26TH MARCH, 1915. Dr. HENRY WOODWARD, F.R.S., Prestpenr, “IN THE CHAIR. THE Councin, in presenting their Sixty-eighth Annual Report, regret that the unfortunate circumstances of the time have this year hindered the usual progress of the Society’s work. There was no diminution in the number of offers of con- tributions for the annual volume at the beginning of 1914, and a publication of the ordinary size was arranged; but by the time that war was declared none of the contributions had been completed, and the various exigencies of the new situation necessitated the abandonment of all the instalments of Monographs except that by Mr. F. W. Harmer on the “ Pliocene Mollusca.” The preparation of this part, which is illustrated by eight plates, was also unexpectedly delayed ; but it is now complete, and will be published in the summer of 1915 as the volume for 1914. It is unfortunately the smallest annual volume hitherto issued by the Society, but as soon as circumstances permit 1t is hoped that the deficiency of published matter im 1914 will be made up by the issue of larger volumes in the immediate future. The delay and diminution of the volume for 1914 have again made the analysis of the balance-sheet somewhat difficult; and the large increase in the bank-balance at the end of the year is merely due to the failure of the proposed contributors already mentioned. The preparation of the beautiful plates illustrating Mr. F. W. Harmer’s Monograph has proved to be unusually costly, and the thanks of the Society are due to him for a gift of £35 towards the expenditure. Among the members who have died during the past year the Council desire especially to refer to Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, Mr. William Hill, Mr. F. W. Rudler, and Mr. W. EH. Darwin. These were all old and valued supporters of the Society, and Mr. Hill and Mr. Rudler had done much service on the Council. ‘To replace the losses sustained, the Council would welcome the help and personal influence of the members in making the work and needs of the Society more widely known among those who are interested in the study of fossils. The thanks of the Society are due to the Council of the Geological Society for permission both to store the stock of back volumes, and to hold the Council Meetings and Annual General Meeting in their apartments. In conclusion, it is proposed that the retiring members of the Council be Mr. Allen, Dr. Hinde, Dr. Reed, and Dr. Rowe ; that the new members be Mr. John Hopkinson, Mr. Clement Reid, Mr. 8. Hazzledine Warren, and Mr. Henry Woods ; that the new Vice-President be Dr. F. A. Bather; that the President be Dr. Henry Woodward; the Treasurer, Mr. Robert 8. Herries; and the Secretary, Dr. A. Smith Woodward. Annexed is the Balance-sheet. « “SLOJIPNY “YOOIG poyeprposuoy “quay zed e [VMN OOF IF ydtadax oY Toes ose aAvT[ 9M '4daLT00 0} JI puy pur ‘s1eTPONoOA oy} YIM 4t pareduroo 4Qunooor saoqe oy} POUIWeXa BAVTT OAL NGUUVAA ANIGIIZZVET ‘9 HUQ ‘AA GaUdTy NOSNINGOP NHOG NGQTTIY “VY sUNa_ G GL 0968 Silee DA oa S HAH Ow rT nl oon I on Vos) ORO MOSE " GST 23s ; qunooy yisodeq, ' — £rejatoag Jo spuvy ur sour[eg ayes tof jos dn ayvurt 03 yooqs yurad-fo-qno Jo asvtping tole ut pred worydritosqns pewinjey 6 0 : ; ‘ ue, iI : I9}10g—seasivyo A}0g P : WOOY YOO} SULSUVAIV pUY SUIUPE[D qyUNODDW JUaLINDQ—yurg ye sourleg ~ “GI6L “YIST YOUU “LIINSVOL J, ‘SdIuaay, “GQ Luagoy oq G GL OS6e fo 2 : : : qisodaq WO 4setey UT § It sl } : ; Caan @WODUT ssa[) YO} “gue red ¢g [RIVNE QNER WO spuaptay o Pr : Q : (avak [) xvg, emoouy preday oO 0 GE ‘bsy ‘toulIvyT “AA | Wlorg Worjenog Se On LG ; : "pry “09 » nvnq ‘sassey_ Aq sateg Il 21 99 : ° Slaq Wap 0} Y90}s Youq Jo sapvg me RAL ¢ : stoquieyy Aq pred osetia ; 685 OM Gis GSS es ie liz F SI6L * i. 0 OL L¥G ose TIGL m © @ Ove COL SI6L-6061—stonditosqng sieqmey © eT 229 0 qUNOdIDY 4S] WoIZ soUL[ eg 4 ae! SAD SEE i) (160) * SOUVINSUT Olly ‘WUNTeT O 2-1 souojs orydersoy}TT pasnan fo yuey G ‘sill i a5vjsog 0) OIE PAS ° ; ‘ wMUvtomoy s Arvjze108g Ge Ge ; : * — saqzeyd Surmeacy OL G OL : ; TIAX'T ‘TOA ‘WOTNALYSIp puv Ssuryorq Zoe ey. IIAXT TOA Sarpurg 8 F GB ° (quod Fo soULTeG) ITAXT “1A “ope ‘soded ‘surjurtg p38 7 p's ¥ AT O°)" “FIGL S1@ laquasay 0} “FIGL 9ST Avonuve wot T “UMUAS VAT T, “Wt COs ‘SHIMMAH “S LUAAOU BHM INAOOOV NI ALAIOOS TVOIHAVUNOLINOW TVd FAL LIST OF MEMBERS.* CORRECTED TO Ist DECEMBER, 1915. Aberdeen, University Library. Aberystwith, National Library of Wales. Adelaide (Australia) Public Library. Adlard, R. E., Esq., Bartholomew Close. I.C. Allen, Messrs. I. G. & Son, King Edward Mansions, 14, Grape Street, Shaftesbury Avenue. W.C. Allen, H. A., Esq., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Amsterdam, Royal Academy of Sciences. Andrews, C. W., Hsq., D.Sc., F.R.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. S.W. Arlecdon and Frizington Public Library, Frizington, Cumberland. Asher and Co., Messrs., 13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Bale (Switzerland), University Library. Balston, W. E., Esq , F.G.S., Barvin, Potter’s Bar. Banks, W. H., Esq., Hergest Croft, Kington, Herefordshire. Barclay, F. H., Esq., F.G.S., The Warren, Cromer, Norfolk. Barnes, J., Esq., F.G.8., South Cliff House, Higher Broughton, Manchester. 3arrow, George, Ksq., F.G.S., 202, Brecknock Road. N. Bath, Royai Literary and Scientific Institution. Bather, I’. A., Hsq., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Vice-President, British Museum (Nat. Hist.). S.W. sattersea Public Library, Lavender Hill. S.W. Bedford, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. Belfast Linen Hall Library, Donegall Square North, Belfast. Belfast, Queen’s University. Bell, W. Heward, Esq., F.G.8., Cleeve House, Seend, Melksham. Bergen (Norway), Museums Bibliothek. Berlin, Geological Library of Royal School of Mines, 44, Invalidenstrasse. Birkenhead Public Library, Birkenhead. * Members are requested to inform the Secretary of any errors or omissions in this list, and of any delay in the transmission of the Yearly Volumes. Birmingham Central Publie Library, Ratcliff Place, Birmineham. Birmingham Library, Margaret Street, Birmingham. Birmingham University Library. Blackburn Public Library, Blackburn, Blackmore, Humphrey P., Esq., M.D., I'.G.S., Salisbury. Blathwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, Hagle House, Batheaston, Bath. Blundell, Harold, Esq., Fairlawn, Harpenden, Herts. Bolton, Chadwick Museum. Bonn (Germany), Geological-Paleontological Institute of the University. Bonney, Rey. Canon I’. G., D.Se., F.R.S., Vice-President, 9, Scroope Terrace, Cambridge. Bootle-cum-Linacre Puble Library, Bootle, Liverpool. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Bournemouth Natural Science Society, Municipal College, Bournemouth. Bradley, F. L., Hsq., F.G.S., Ingleside, Malvern Wells. Brighton and Hove Natural History Society, Public Library, Brighton. Bristol Naturalists’ Society, Geological Section, per B. A. Baker, Hsq., Henbury House, Henbury, near Bristol. Bristol Central Public Library. Bristol Museum of Natural History, Queen’s Road, Bristol. Bristol University Library. Brown, Alexander Oestrand, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., Ridgeway Cottage, Mill Hill. N.W. Brydone, R. M., Esq., F.G.S., The Stock Exchange, London. Burrows, Henry W., Hsq., F.G.S., 17, Victoria Street. S.W. Burslem Public Library, Burslem. Buxton Public Library, ‘Town Hall, Buxton. Calcutta, Geological Survey of India. Cambridge Philosophical Society’s Library, New Museums, Cambridge. Cambridge, St. John’s College. Cambridge, Sidney Sussex College. Cambridge, University Library. Cambridge, Sedgwick Museum. Canadian Geological Survey, Sussex Street, Ottawa, Canada. Cardiff, National Museum of Wales. Cardiff Public Library, Cardiff. Cardiff, University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire. Carlisle Public Library, Carlisle. Carruthers, R. G., Esq., F.G.8., 33, George Square, Edinburgh. Chelsea Public Library, Manresa Road. S.W. Cheltenham College, Cheltenham. Chicago (U.S.A.), University Library. Chiswick Public Library, Chiswick. W. Christiania (Norway), University Library. Clarke, Mrs. Stephenson, Brook House, Ardingly, Sussex. Clifton College, Clifton, Bristol. Clough, C. T., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S:W. 10 Cobbold, BE, S., Esq., F.G.8., All Stretton, Church Stretton, R.S.O., Shropshire. Codd, J. Alfred, Esq., M.D., B.Sc., F.G.S., 7, Tettenhall Road, Wolverhampton. Cooper, C. Forster, Esq., M.A., The End House, Fulbrooke Road, Cambridge. Cornell University, Ithaca, U.S.A. Coventry Public Library, Coventry. Crosfield, Miss Margaret C., Undercroft, Reigate. Crosse, Miss, The Yew House, Caterham Valley, Surrey. Croydon Central Public Library, Town Hall, Croydon. Cunnington, C. H., Esq., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Dawkins, Prof. W. Boyd, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.S., Fallowfield House, Fallowfield, Man- chester. Dawson, Messrs. W., and Sons, St. Dunstan’s House, Fetter Lane. E.C. Deane, Henry, Esq., F'.L.8., Campsie, 14, Mercer Road, Malvern, Victoria, Australia. Derby Public Library and Museum, Derby. Devonport Public Library, Devonport. Dewey, Henry, Esq., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Dixon, E. E. L., Esq., B.Sc., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Dorset County Museum Library, Dorchester. Dublin, National Library. Dublin, Royal College of Science for Ireland, Stephen’s Green. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 19, Dawson Street. Dublin, Trinity College. Ducie, Right Hon. Earl of, F.R.S., Tortworth Court, Gloucestershire. Dundee Free Library, Dundee. Edinburgh Geological Society, 69a, George Street, Ndinburgh. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. Edinburgh Pubhe Library, Edinburgh. Edinburgh, Royal Society. ‘dinburgh, University Library. ipsom College, Epsom. Krlangen (Germany), Mineralogical-Geological Institute of the University. Kton College, Windsor, per M. D. Hill, Esq., M.A. Exeter, Royal Albert Memorial Public Library, Queen Street. Florence (Italy), Geological Institute, per Prof. C. De Stefani. Folkestone Public Library and Museum, Folkestone. Foulerton, Dr. J., 44, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater. W. Frankfurt-am-Main (Germany), Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Friedlander, Messrs., 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Fuller, Rev. A., M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham Hill, S.E, 11 Galashiels, N.B., Public Library. Galway, University College. Garwood, Prof. EH. J., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., University College, Gower Street. W.C. Gateshead-on-Tyne Public Library, Gateshead-on-Tyne. Geikie, Sir Archibald, O.M., K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Vice-President, Shepherd’s Down, Haslemere, Surrey. Gibson, Miss, Hill House, Saffron Walden. Gibson, Ernest, Hsq., F.L.8., F.G.S., 25, Cadogan Place. S.W. Gibson, Walcot, Esq., D.Sc., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Gilmour, M., Esq., F.Z.S., Saffronhall House, 1, Windmill Road, Hamilton. N.B. Glasgow, Geological Society, 150, Hope Street. Glasgow, Mitchell Library, North Street. Glasgow, Royal Philosophical Society, 207, Bath Street. Glasgow, Kelvingrove Museum. Glasgow, University Library. Gloucester Free Public Library. Gotha (Germany), Herzogliche Bibliothek. Great Yarmouth Public Library. Green, Upfield, Esq., F.G.S8., 8, Bramshill Road, Harlesden. N.W. Greenly, Edward, Ksq., F.G.8., Achnashean, near Bangor. Gregory, Prof. J. W., D.Sc., F.R.S., The University, Glasgow. Haileybury College, near Hertford. Halifax Public Library, Halifax. Halle (Germany), University Library. Hammersmith Carnegie (Central) Library, Hammersinith. W. Hampstead Public Library, Finchley Road, Hampstead. N.W. Harker, Alfred, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge. Harley, Dr. John, F.L.8., Beedings, Pulborough, Sussex. Harmer, F. W., Esq., F.G.S., Oakland House, Cringleford, near Norwich. Hastings Public Library. Hawick Public Library, Hawick. N.B. Hawkins, Herbert L., Esq., M.Sc., F.G.8., University College, Reading, Heidelberg (Germany), University Library. Heron-Allen, Edward, sq., F.U.8., F.G.8., Large Acres, Selsey Bill, Sussex. Herries, Robert S., Hsq., M.A., F.G.S., Treasurer, St. Julian’s, Sevenoaks, Kent. Hill, Rev. Canon Edwin, M.A., F.G.8., The Rectory, Cockfield, Bury St. Edmunds. Hind, Wheelton, Esq., M.D.Lond., F.R.C.S., F.G.8., Local Secretary, Roxeth House, Stoke- on-T'rent. Hinde, Geo. J., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., 24, Avondale Road, South Croydon. Hodges, Isaac, Esq., F.G.S., Vereeniging, Transvaal. Hodges, Figgis, and Co., 104, Grafton Street, Dublin. : Holcroft, Sir Charles, Bart., The Shrubbery, Summerhill, Kingswinford, near Dudley. Hooley, R. W., Esq., F.G.S., Harlescroft, St. Giles’ Hill, Winchester. Hopkinson, John, HEsq., F.L.8., I'.G.8., Local Secretary, Weetwood, Watford. Hove Public Library, Hove, Brighton. Hughes, Prof. T. M‘Kenny, M.A., F.R.S., Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. Hull Public Library, Hull, 12 Hutchinson, Rev. H. N., M.A., F.G.S., 17, St. John’s Wood Park, Finchley Road. N.W. Hutton, Miss H. Mary, Putney Park, Putney Park Lane. 5.W. Ipswich Central Public Library, High Street, Ipswich. Isle of Man Natural History Society, Ramsey, Isle of Man. Jehu, Prof. T. J., M.D., D.Sc., F.G.S., University, Edinburgh. Johnes, Lady HW. Hills, Dolau Cothy, Llandeilo, R.S.O., South Wales. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A. Johnston, Miss Mary §., Hazlewood, Wimbledon Hill. 8.W. Jones, E. Lloyd, Esq., M.D., 59, Trumpington Street, Cambridge. Jones, Prot. O: 'T., M.A.;_E.G:S., University College, Aberystwyth. Kettering Public Library, Kettering. Kilmarnock Public Library, Kilmarnock. N.B. King, W. Wickham, Hsq., F.G.S., Winds Point, Hagley, near Stourbridge. Kirkealdy Naturalists’ Society ; John G. Low, Esq., 228, High Street, Kirkcaldy. N.B. Kitchin, F. L., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., F.G.S., Geol. Survey of England, 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Knipe, H. R., Hsq., F.L.8., F.G.S., 9, Linden Park, Tunbridge Wells. Lake, P., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge. Lancaster Public Library, Lancaster. Lang, W. D., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. S.W. Lapworth, Prof. Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., 38, Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Lausanne (Switzerland) Cantonal Library. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds. Leeds Publie Library, Leeds. Leeds, University Library. Leek, Staffordshire, Nicholson Institute. Leicester Town Museum, Leicester. Leipzig (Germany), University Library. Leyton Public Library, Leyton. N.E. Liége (Belgium), Geological Laboratory of the University. Lille (France), Geological Laboratory of the University, 159, Rue Briile-Maison. Lisbon, Geological Survey of Portugal. Lissajous, Mons. M., 10, Quai des Marans, Macon, France. Liverpool, Atheneeum Library. Liverpool, Public Library. Liverpool, Geological Society of, Liverpool, University Library. London; Imperial College of Science, South Kensington. S.W. London, British Museum, Bloomsbury. W.C. London, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road. S.W. 13 London, Corporation of, Library Committee of, Guildhall. F.C. London, Geological Society, Burlington House. W. London, King’s College, Strand. W.C. London, Linnean Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly. W. London, Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. S.W. London, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. W.C. London, Royal Institution of Great Britain, Albemarle Street. W. London, Royal Society of, Burlington House. W. London, St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields Public Library, 115, St. Martin’s Lane, W.C. London, Science Museum, South Kensington. S.W. London, University College, Gower Street. W.C. London, Zoological Society, Regent’s Park. N.W. Longstaff, Mrs., Highlands, Putney Heath. S.W. Lund (Sweden), University Library. Lyons, Major H. G., D.Sc., F.R.S., Science Museum, South Kensington. S.W. McNeill, Bedford, Esq., F.G.8., Greenholme, Claygate, Surrey. Madras Government Museum, per Messrs. Baker and Co., 6, Bond Court, Walbrook. W.C. Maidstone Museum, per Brenchley Trustees, Maidstone. Manchester Public Library. Manchester, Geological Society of, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 36, George Street, Manchester. Marburg (Germany), University of. Marr, J. EK, Esq., M.A., Sce.D., F.R.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge. Mawby, William, Esq., 7, Cross Street, Birkenhead. Melbourne Public Library. Melbourne, Dept. Mines, Geological Survey Branch. Mennell, H. T., Esq., F.L.8., The Red House, Croydon. Metcalfe, Henry F., Esq., Cyprus House, Exmouth. Middlesbrough Public Library. Milan (Italy), Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Palazzo del Museo Civico. Milner, H. B., Hsq., B.A., F.G.S., Trinity College, Cambridge. Mitchinson, Rt. Rev. J., D.C.L., D.D., Canon of Gloucester and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford. Mond, Robert, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., F.G.S., The Elms, Avenue Road, St. John’s Wood. INGE Munich (Germany), Alte Akademie, Geologisches Museum. Munich Royal Library. New South Wales, Royal Society of, Sydney. New York (U.S.A.) Public Library. Newcastle-on-Tyne, Armstrong College. Newcastle-on-Tyne, Literary and Philosophical Society of, Westgate Street, Newcastle- on-Tyne. 14 Neweastle-on-Tyne Public Library. Newport Public Library, Newport, Monmouthshire. Newton, E. 1T., Esq., F.R.S., Vice-President, Florence House, Willow Bridge Canonbury. N. Noble, Arthur H., Esq., P.O. Box 238, Tampico (Tamaulipas), Mexico. North Devon Athenzum, Barnstaple. North Staffordshire Field Club, Stone, Staffordshire. Northampton Natural History Society, Northampton. Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., I'.R.S., Alnwick Castle. Norwich Public Library. Nottingham Public Library. Odling, M., Esq., M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., University, Leeds. Oke, Alfred W., Esq., F.G.S., 32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex. Oldham Public Library. Oswestry Public Library. Oxford, Bodleian Library. Oxford, Radcliffe Library. Paisley Philosophical Institution. Paris, Heole des Mines. Paris, Geological Society of France, 7, Rue des Grands Augustins. Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Paléontologie. Paris, Sorbonne, Laboratoire de Géologie. Part, G. M., Esq., B.A., F.G.S., Trinity College, Cambridge. Peabody Institute, Salem, Mass., U.S.A. Penzance, Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Peterborough Natural History, Scientific, and Archeological Society. Philadelphia (U.S.A.), Academy of Natural Sciences. Pittsburgh (U.S.A.), Carnegie Museum. Plymouth Public Library. Plymouth Institution, Library of, Athenaeum, Plymouth. Pocock, R. W., Esq., B.Sc., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street, S.W. Poole Public Library. Portis, Dr. A., Professor of Geology, The University, Rome. , Portsmouth Publie Library. Power, Edward John, Esq., F.G.S., 25, Ashburn Place, South Kensington. S.W. | Road, Prague (Bohemia), Royal Geological Institution of the German Carl Ferdinand University. Preston Public Library. Pryor, M. R., Esq., Weston Manor, Stevenage, Herts. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Reading, University College. Reid, Clement, Hsq., F.R.S., One Acre, Milford-on-Sea, Hants. Reynolds, Prof. S. H., M.A., F.G.S., University, Bristol. Rochdale Public Library. Rogers, Arthur W., Esq., D.Sc., F.G.S., Cape Town. Rowe, A. W., Esq., M.S., M.B., F.G.S., Shottendane, Margate. Rudler, the late F. W., Hsq., I.8.0., F.G.S., Ethel Villa, Tatsfield, Westerham, Kent. Rugby School Natural History Society. St. Andrews, University Library. St. Helens Central Public Library, The Gamble Institute, St. Helens. Salisbury Public Library. Scarborough Philosophical Society. Scharff, R. F., Esq., Ph.D., National Museum, Dublin. Scott, D. H., Hsq., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., East Oakley House, Oakley, Hants. Sheffield Free Public Library, Sheffield, Literary and Philosophical Society of, Church Street. Sheffield, University of. Sheffield, Weston Park Public Museum. Sheppard, Thomas, Hsq., F.G.S., Municipal Museum, Hull. Sherborne, King’s School, Library of. Sherlock, R. L., Esq., D.Sc., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W. Shrewsbury Public Library. Smith, Mrs. imma, Hencotes House, Hexham. Smith, Stanley, Hsq., B.A., D.Se., F.G.S., University College, Aberystwyth. Sollas, Professor W. J., D.Sc., F.R.S., Local Secretary, University Museum, Oxford. Somersetshire Archeological and Natural History Society, Museum, ‘launton. Sophia, University of. South Shields Public Library. Southport Public Library. Southwark, Central Library and Cuming Museum, Walworth Road. 8.E. Spencer, W. K., Esq., M.A., I'.G.S., The Gables, Constable Road, Ipswich. Stebbing, W. P. D., Esq., F.G.S., Frythe Park, Walton-on-the Hill, Epsom. Stechert, G. H., Esq., 2, Star Yard, Carey Street, Chancery Lane. W.C. Stepney Borough Reference Library, Bancroft Road, Mile End Road. E. Stockholm, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Stoke Newington Public Library, Church Street, Stoke Newington. N, Stoke-upon-Trent Public Library, Stoke-upon-Trent. Stonyhurst College, Blackburn. Storey, Charles B. C., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Plas Nantyr, Glyn, Ruabon. Strahan, A., Hsq., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., Geological Survey, 28, Jermyn Street. Sunderland Corporation Museum. Sunderland Subscription Library, Fawcett Street, Sunderland, Swansea Public Library. Swansea, Royal Institution of South Wales. Swinnerton, Prof. H. H., D.Sc., University College, Nottingham. Sydney, New South Wales, University of. Sydney, New South Wales, Australian Museum, Ss VV. 16 Tasmania, Royal Society of. Thornton, H. Gerard, Msq., B.A., Kinesthorpe Hall, Northampton. Toronto (Canada), University Library. ‘Torquay Natural History Society, Museum, Babbacombe Road, ‘Torquay. Toulouse (France), University Library. Trafford, H. H., Hsq., The Bungalow, Croston, near Preston. Treacher, Llewellyn, Esq., F.G.S., Somercroft, ''wyford, Berks. ‘Trechmann, C. 'T'., Esq., B.Se., F.G.S8., Hudworth Towers, Castle Eden, Co. Durham. Truro, Royal Institution of Cornwall. Tiibingen (Germany), University Library. Upsala (Sweden), University Library. Vancouver (British Columbia), University Library. Vienna, Royal Natural History Court Museum, Geological Department. Walker, Sir B. E., C.V.O., LL.D., Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, Canada. Wandsworth Public Library, West Hill, Wandsworth. S.W. Warren, 8. Hazzledine, Msq., F'.G.8., Sherwood, Loughton, Kssex. Warrington Public Museum and Library. Warsaw, University Library. Warwickshire Natural History and Archeological Society, The Museum, Warwick. Washington, U.S. Geological Survey. Watts, Professor W. W., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Imperial College of Science, South Kensington. ev. Weg, Max, 3, Kénigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany. Wesley and Son, William, 28, Hssex Street, Strand. W.C. West Ham, Essex Museum, Municipal Technical Institute, Romford Road. E. West Hartlepool Public Library. Whitby Literary and Philosophical Society, Museum, Whitby. Wilhams, J. Hughes, Msq., 24, Southdown Road, Wimbledon. S.W. Wilmore, Albert, Isq., D.Se., F.G.S., Fernbank, Colne, Lancashire. Wiltshire Archeeological and Natural History Society, Devizes. Winchester College Natural History Society, Winchester. Winwood, Rey. Henry H., M.A., F.G.S., Local Secretary, 11, Cavendish Crescent, Bath. Wolverhampton Public Library. Wood, J. G., Hsq., M.A., F'.8.A., F.G.S., 7, New Square, Lincoln’s Inn. W.C. Woodhead, J. H., Esq., F.G.S., Hindover, Pinner Road, Watford Heath, Hertfordshire. Woods, Henry, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Local Secretary, Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. Woodward, A. Smith, Esq., LL.D-, F.R.S., Secretary, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington. S.W. Woodward, Henry, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., President, 13, Arundel Gardens, Notting Hill. W, Worcester Public Library and Hastings Museum, Worcester, Ot 17 Wordie, James M., Esq., B.A., F.G.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge. Workington Public Library, Workington, Cumberland. Wirzburg (Germany), University Library. Yorkshire Philosophical Society, Museum, York. Young, George W., Esq., F.G.S., 20, Grange Road, Barnes. S.W. Yule, Miss A. I'., Tarradale House, by Muir-of-Ord, Ross-shire, N.B, 18 CATALOGUE OF THE CONTENTS OF THE ANNUAL VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED BY THE PALHONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. The Crag Mollusea, Part I, Univalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood (pp.i—xii, 1—208, pls. i—xxi, and title-page). The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. I, Part I, Chelonia, &., by Profs. Owen and B:ll (pp. 1—76, pls. i—xxvill, vii A, XA, XIlLA, XVLA, xviii A, xix*, xix B, KG Ce KK DD), The Eocene Mollusca, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mr. F. E. Edwards (pp. 1—56, pls. i—1x),. Vol. I. Issued March, 1818, ; forthe Year 1817 » II. Issued July, 1849, for the year 1848 | The Entomostraca of the Cretaceous Formations, by Mr. T. R. Jones (pp. 1—40, ols. i—vil). The Poa an Fossils, by Prof. Wm. King (pp. i—xxxviil, 1—258, pls. i—xxviii*). The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. I, Part II, Crocodilia and Ophidia, &e., by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—68, pls. xxix, i—xvi, 11 A). The Fossil Corals, Part I, Crag, London Clay, Cretaceous, by Messrs. Milne Hdwards and Jules Haime (pp. i—lxxxv, 1—72, pls. i—x1). The Crag Mollusca, Part II, No. 1, by Mr. 8. V. Wood (pp. 1—150, pls. i—xii). The Mollusca of the Great Oolite, Part I, Univalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett (pp. i—vili, 1—130, pls. i—xv). The Pos ah achiopoda, Vol. I, Part ILI, No. 1, Oolitie and Liassie, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—64, pls. i—xiii). » III.’ Issued Ang., 1850, | for the Year 1849 » IV. Issued June, for the Year ue The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—118, pls. i—xxxvii, 7) Vin issued June, 185i vii A, 1x A). for the Year 1851 ° (pp. 73—146, pls. xii—xxx). The Fossil Lepadide, by Mr. Charles Darwin (pp. i—vi, 1—88, pls. i—v). The Fossil Corals, Part III, Permian and Mountain-limestone, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime (pp. 147—210, pls. xxxi—xlvi). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part I, Tertiary, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—23, pls. i, ii), The Fossil Brae hiopoda, Wolk Il Pat IT, No. 1, Cretaceous, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—54, pls. i—v). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part IIT, No. 2, Oolitic, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 65—100, pls. xiv—xvill). The Kocene Mollusca, Part II, Pulmonata, by Mr. F. E. Edwards (pp. 57—122, pls. $Y) Jr The Echinoderms of the Crag, London Clay, &e., by Prof. H. Forbes (pp. i—viii, 1—36, pls. i—iv, and title- -page). Vl welissued Ania 852: for the Year 1852 The Fossil Corals, Part 1V, Devonian, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime (pp. 211—244,, pls. xlvii—lvi), The Fossil Brachiopoda, Introduction to Vol. I, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—136, pls. i—ix). 0 The Mollusea of the Chalk, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe (pp. 1—26, pls. i—x). » VII. Issued Dec., The Mollusea of the Great Oolite, Part I, Bivalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett for the Year oe : (pp. 1—80, pls. i—viii). The Mollusca of the Crag, Part II, No. 2, Bivalves, by Mr. S. V. Wood (pp. 151—216, pls. xiii— xx). The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part I, Chelonia, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—12, pls. i—ix). 1 The Volume for the year 1849 consists of two separate portions, each of which is ee hed ina paper cover, on which are printed the dates 1848, 1849, and 1850. The one portion contains ‘ Cretaceous Entomostraca’ and ‘ Permian Fossils’; the other, ‘ London Clay Reptilia,’ Part II, and < Fossil Corals,” Part I. The Fossil Corals, Part II, Oolitic, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime- Vol. VIIL! Issued May, 1855, for the Year 1854. . 1X.? Issued Feb., 1857, for the Year 1855 x X. Issued April, 1858, for the Year 1856 PA XI. Issued Nov., 1€59, for the Year 1857 » AI. Issued March,186], for the Year 1858 » XIII. Issued Dec., 1861, for the Year 1859 19 CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part II, No. 2, Cretaceous (pp. 55—117, pls. vi—xii), with Appendix and Index to Vol. I, by Mv. Davidson (pp. 1—30, pl. a). The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part If, Dinosauria, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1 —64, pls. 1—xix, xvi A). The Mollusca of the Great Oolite, Part III, Bivalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett (pp 81—147, pls. ix—xv). 245—322, pls. Ivii—lxxii). The Fossil Balanide and Verrucide, by Mr. Charles Darwin (pp. 1—44, pls. i, ii). The Mollusca of the Chalk, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe (pp. 27—36, pls. 41— Xv). The Hocene Mollusca, Part III, No. 1, Prosobranchiata, by Mr. F. E. Edwards (pp. 123—180, pls. xvi—xxiil). The Mollusca of the Crag, Part I, No. 3, Bivalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood (pp. 217—31!2, pls. xxi—xxx1). The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part ILI, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—26, pls. i—xil). The Eocene Mollusea, Part Ill, No. 2, Prosobranchiata, continued, by Mr. F. E. Edwards (pp. 181—249, pls. XX1V—xxv1l). The Mollusca of the Chalk, Part I11, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe (pp. 37—68, pls. XVII—XXvV1l1). The Tertiary Entomostraca, by Mr. T. R. Jones (pp. i—xii, 1—68, pls. i—vi). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part I, by Dr. Wright (pp. v—x, 1—154, pis. i—x). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part II, by Dr. Wright (pp. 155—802, pls. X1—Xxli). The Fossil Crustacea, Part I, London Clay, by Prof. Bell (pp. i—viii, 1—44, pls. i—xi). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IH, Part IV, Permian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—9l, pls. i—iv). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 1, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—48, pls. i—viil). The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, by Prof. Qwen, Part IV (pp. 8—26, pls. iv—x1), and Supplement No. 1 (pp. 1—7, pls. i—iii). The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. I (Supplement), by Prof. Owen (pp. 77—79, pls. xxvill A, xxviii B). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part III, by Dr. Wright (pp. 303—390, pls. xxi—xxxvi). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 2, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 49—80. pls. 1x—xvi). The Heol of tbe Cretaceous Formations (Supplement No. 1), by Prof. Owen (pp. 9, pls. i—1v). The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations (Supplement No. 2), by Prof. Owen (pp. 20—44, pls. V—Xil. ) The Polyzoa of the Crag, by Prof. Busk (pp. i—xiv, 1—136, pls. i—xxii). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part IV, by Dr. Wright (pp. 391—168, pls. XxXxVli—xlil). The Eocene Mollusca, Part III, No. 3, Prosobranchiata continued, by Mr. F. E. Edwards (pp. 241—330, pls. xxvi1li—xxxill). The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations (Supplements No. 2, No. 3), by Prof. Owen (pp. 27—80, pl. vii, pp. 1—25, pls. i—vi). The Reptilia of the Purbeck Limestones, by Prof. Owen (pp. 31—839, pl. viii). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. 11, Part V, No. 3, Carboniferous by Mz. Davidson (pp. 81—120, pls. xvii—xxvi). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Part V, No. 4, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 121—210, pls. xxvu—xlvi1). , The Reptilia of the Oolitic Formations, No. 1, Lower Lias, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—14, pls. i—YVl). The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. ip by Prof. Owen (pp. 15, 16, pl. vii). The Eocene Mollusca, Part 1V, No. 1, Bivalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood (pp. 1—74, pls. 1—x11)). ea oer nner. —_—— ey ea 1 This Volume is marked on the outside 1855. 2 This Volume is marked on the outside 1856, 20 CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 5, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 211—280, pls. xlviii—lv). The Reptilia of the Oolitic Formations, No. 2, Lower Lias, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—26, Vol. XIV. Issued May, 1863, pls. 1—x1). : for the Year 1860 ) The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. 2, by Prof. Owen (pp. 27, 28, pl. x11). The Fossil Estheriea, by Prof. Rupert Jones (pp. i—x, 1-134, pls. i—v). The Fossil Crustacea, Part II, Gault and Greensand, by Prof. Bell (pp. i—vii, 1—40, pls. 1—xi). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. II, Part I (Asteroidea), by Dr. Wright (pp. 1—1980, pls. i—x, x A, xi, xii). Supplement to the Great Oolite Mollusca, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 1—129, pls. xxxi—xly). oe XV. Issued May, 1863, for the Year 186 The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part I (Devonian and Silurian), by Mr. J. W. Salter (pp. 1—80, pls. i—vi). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VI, No. 1, Devonian, by My. Davidson (pp. 1—56, pls. i—ix). The Hocene Mollusca, Part IV, No. 2, Bivalves, by Mr. S. V. Wood (pp. 75—186, pls. ives The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations (Supplement, No. 4), by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—18, pls. i—ix). The Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations (Supplement, No. 3), by Prof. Owen (pp. 19—21, pl. x). : The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part II, by Mr. J. W. Salter (pp. 81—128, pls. vii—xiv). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IlI, Part VI, No. 2, Devonian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 57—131, pls. x—xx). » AVI. Issued Aug., . for the Year 1862 [ | » XVII. Issued June, 1865, for the Year 1863 > , The Belemnitidex, Part I, Introduction, by Prof. Phillips (pp. 1—28). The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, Part I, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—40, pls. i—xvi). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. If, Part IL (Liassic Ophiuroidea), by Dr. Wright (pp. 131—154, pls. xili—xviii). ; The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part III, by Mr. J. W. Salter (pp. 129—176, pls. xv—xxv). The Belemnitide, Part II, Liassic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips (pp. 29 — 52, pls. i—vii). The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part I, Introduction, Felis spelea, by Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Sanford (pp. i—l, 1—28, pls. i—v). Title-pages, &e , to the Monographs on the Reptilia of the London Clay, Cretaceous, and Wealden Formations. » XVIII. Issued April, 1866, for the Year 1864: The Crag Foraminifera, Part 1, by Messrs. T. Rupert Jones, W. K. Parker, and H. B. Brady (pp. i—vi, 1—72, pls. i—iv). pea to the Fossil Corals, Part I, Tertiary, by Dr. Duncan (pp. i—iii, 1—66, pls. 1i—x),. The Fossil Merostomata, Part I, Pterygotus, by Mr. H. Woodward (pp. 1—44, pls. i—ix). The ee Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 1, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—88, pis. 1—x11). : > XIX Issued Dec:, | [me nat to the Fossil Corals, Part IV, No. 1, Liassic, by Dr. Duncan (pp. i—iii, for the Year 1865 bd 1—44, pls. i—xi). The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &e., Formations, Part IV (Silurian), by Mr. J. W. Salter (pp. 177—214, pls. xxv*—xxx). The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 2, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. 89—168, pls. xili—xxii). The Belemnitide, Part III, Liassic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips (pp. 53—88, pls. Vill—xx). Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part I, by Mr. E. W. Binney (pp. 1—82, pls. i—vi). PDE out to the Fossil Corals, Part LV, No. 2, Liassic, by Dr. Duncan (pp. 49—73, pls. X11I—xvll). The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part II, by Dr. Wright (pp. 65—112, pls. ix, x, Xi1—xxi, xxi A, xxi B). The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part I, by Messrs. J. Powrie and E. Ray Lankester (pp. 1—32, pls. i—v). The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part II, Felis spelea, continued, by Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Santord (pp. 29—124, pls. yi—xix) aA XX. Issued June, 1867, for the Year 1866 » XXI. Issued June, 1868, for the Year 1867 ' From 1865 onwards the Volumes are issued in two forms of binding: first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope. ‘The previous Volumes are not in separate parts. 21 CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES Continued. Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part II, No. 1, Cretaceous, by Dr. Duncan (pp. 1—26, pls. i—ix). The Fossil Merostomata, Part II, Pterygotus, by Mr. H. Woodward (pp. 45 —70, pls. SE S.Y The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 3, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. Vol. XXII. Issued Feb., 1£69, 169—248, pls. xxtit—xxxvil). for the Year 1868 \ The Belemnitidee, Part LV, Liassie and Oolitic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips (pp. 89 —108, pls. xxi—xxvit). The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. 3, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—12, pls. i—iv). The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part II], Felis spelea, concluded, with F. lynx, by Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Sanford (pp. 125—176, pls. xx—xxil, XX11 A, XX11 B, XX111). Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part II, No. 2, Cretaceous, by Dr. Duncan (pp. 27 —46, pls. x—xv). The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part LIT, by Dr. Wright (pp. 115—136, p!S. XXI1—XXIX, XXIX A, XXLX B). The Belemnitide, Part V, Oxford Clay, &c., Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips (pp. 109—128, pls. xxvill—xxxvl). The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part I (concluded), by Messrs. J. Powrie and EH. Ray Lankester (pp. 33—62, pls. vi—xiv). The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, Part II, by Prof. Owen (pp. 41—82, pls. XVI1—XxX)). The Crag Cetacea, No. 1, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—40, pls. i—v). », XXIII. Issued Jan., 1870, for the Year 1869 The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part II, by Mr. E. W. Binney (pp. 33—62, pls. Vil —Xil). a The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part IV, by Dr. Wright (pp. 1387 —160, G pls. xxx—xxxXix). ; » XXIV. Issued Jan., 1871, | The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 4, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson (pp. for the Year 1870 249—397, pls. xxxvii—l). The Hocene Mollusca, Part 1V, No. 3, Bivalves, by Mr. S. V. Wood (pp. 137—182, pls. XXI—XxXv). The Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations, by Prof. Owen (pp. i—vi, 1—115, pls. i—iv). X1l1—X Vill). The Fossil Merostomata, Part III, Pterygotus and Slimonia, by Mr. H. Woodward (pp. 71—120, pls. xvi—xx). Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, Part I (Univalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood, with an RexCVE Tesucd dune, 1872 Introduction on the Crag District, by Messrs. S. V. Wood, jun., and F. W. for the Year 1871 | Harmer (pp. i—xxx1, 1—98, pls. i—vil, and map). i | The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part III, by Mr. E. W. Binney (pp. 63 —96, pls. ] 1 ” Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Iguanodon), No. IV, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—15, pls. i—iii). ; The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part IV, Felis pardus, Xe., by Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Sanford (pp. 177—194, pls. xxiv, xxv). The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part V, Ovibos moschatus, by Mr. W. Boyd Dawkis (pp. 1—30, pls. i—v). i—vii), with an Index to the Tertiary and Secondary Species. : d Tssued Oct., 1872 The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part V, by Dr. Wright (pp. 161—184, » XXXVI. Issued Oct., 1872, | OE for the Year 1872 e Fossil Merostomata. Part IV (Stylonurus, Eurypterus, Hemiaspis), by Mr. H. | Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part IIT (Oolitic), by Prof. Duncan (pp. 1—24, pls Woodward (pp. 121—180, pls. xxi—xxx). ys The Fossil Trigonie, No. I, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 1—62, pls. i—1x). Do ho CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES— Continued. The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part VI, by Dr. Wright (pp. 1$5—224, pls. xlv—lii). Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. 1V, Part I (Tertiary and Cretaccous), by Mr. Davidson (pp. 1—72, pls. i—viii). Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, Part IL (Bivalves), by Mr. 8. V. Wood (pp. 99—23], Vol. XXVIT. Issued Feb., 1874, _ pls. vili—xi, and add. plate). for the Year 1873 | Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Iguanodon), No. V, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—18, pls. i, 11). Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Hyleochampsa), No. VI, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—7). The Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part I, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—14, pls. 1, 11). The Post-Tertiary Entomostraca, by Mv. G. 8. Brady, Rev. H. W. Crosskey, and Mr. r a D. Robertson (pp. i—v, 1—232, pls. i—xvi). . § ithe xe 9 BREE rae ye The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part I (Cypridinide), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones | and Messrs. J. W. Kirkby and G. 8. Brady (pp. 1—56, pls. i—v). The Fossil Trigome, No. 11, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 53—v2, pls. x—xix). The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part IV, by My. E. W. Binney (pp. ae pls. xix—xxiv). The Fossil Hchinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part VII, by Dr. Wright (pp. 225—26 pls. liiim]xii). The Fossil Trigonie, No. III, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 93— 148, pls. xx—xxvii). The Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part IL, by Prof. Owen (pp. 15—94, pls. 111—xxi1). » &X1IX. Issued Dec. 1875, for the Year 1875 | The Carboniferous and Permian Foraminifera (the genus Fusulina excepted), by Mr. H. B. Brady (pp. 1—166, pls. i—xii). » X&XX. Issued Dec.,1876, | Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part II, No. 1 (Jurassic and Triassic), for the Year 1876 by Mx. Davidson (pp. 73—144, pls. 1x—xvi). | Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Poikilopleuron and Chondrosteosaurus), No. VII, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—7, pls. i—vi). Supplement to the Eocene Mollusca (Bivalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood, 2 plates. The Fossil Trigoniw, No. LV, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 149—204, pls. xxvi1i—x]). The Eocene Mollusca (Univalves), Part IV, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood (pp. 331—361, pl. xxxiv). The Carboniferous Ganoid Fishes, Part I (Paleoniscidee), by Dr. Traquair (pp. 1—60, pls. i—vii) The Heal Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part III, by Prof. Owen (pp. 95—97, pls. xxiii, xxiv). The Fossil Elephants, Part I (EH. antiquus), by Prof. Leith Adams (pp. 1—68, pls. i—v). » XXXII. Issued Feb ,1877 for the Year 1877 ~ - The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part VIII, by Dr. Wright (pp. 265—300, pls. Ixia, Ixiti—I xix). Index and Title Page to the Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I (Hchinoidea), by Dr. Wright (pp. 469—481). The Fossil Merostomata, Part V (Neolimulus, &e.), by Dr. H. Woodward (pp. 181—263, pls. xxxi—xxxvi, and title-page). ROCK, Issued May 1878 Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. LV, Part II, No. 2 (Jurassic and Triassic), % Ee Von 1878 by Mr. Davidson (pp. 145—242, pls. xvii—xxix). The Lias Ammonites, Part I, by Dr. Wright (pp. 1—48, pls. i—viii). The Sirenoid and Crossopterygian Ganoids, Part I, by Prof. Miall (pp. 1—382, pls.i, ia, li—v). Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Goniopholis, Petrosuchus, and Sucho- saurus), No. VIIT, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—15, pls. i—vi). | The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part A (Preliminary Treatise), by Prof. Boyd Dawkins (pp. 1—xxxvill). CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Hocene Flora, Vol. I, Part I, by Mr. J. S. Gardner and Baron Ettingshausen (pp. 1— 38, pls. i—v). Second Sisplemert to the Crag Mollusca (Univalves and Biyalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood (pp. i, it, 1—58, pls. i—vi, and title-page). Vol. XX XIIT. Issued May,1879, } The Fossil Trigoniw, No. V, by Dr. Lycett (pp. 205—245, pl. xli, and title-page). for the Year 1879 | The Lias Ammonites, Part II, by Dr. Wright (pp. 49—164, pls. ix—xviii). Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Goniopholis, Brachydectes, Nannosuchus, Theriosuchus, and Nuthetes), No. 1X, by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—19, pls. i—iv). The Fossil Hlephants, Part Il (KH. primigenius), by Prof. Leith Adams (pp. 69—146, \ pls. vi—xv). The Eocene Flora, Vol. I, Part II, by Mr. J. 8. Gardner and Baron Ettingshausen (pp. 89—58, pls. vi—x1). The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. II, Part III (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea), by Dr. Wright (pp. 155—203, pls. xix—xx1i, pp. i—iv, and title-page) Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. LV, Part IlT (Permian and Carboniferous), by Mr. Davidson (pp. 243—316, pls. xxx—xxxvil). The Lias Ammonites, Part III, by Dr. Wright (pp. 165 —264, pls. xix—xl). The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. II, Part I (Chelone), by Prof. Owen (pp. 1—4, pls. 1, 11). » XXXIV. Issued May,1S80, for the year 1880 The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part IX, by Dr. Wright (pp. 301 —324, pls. Ixx—Ixxv). Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part IV (Devonian and Silurian, from Budleigh-Salterton Pebble Bed), by My. Davidson (pp. 317—368, pls. XXXVHi—xli1). XXXY. Issued May.1881, } The Fossil Trigoniz (Supplement No. 1), by Dr. Lycett (pp. 1—4). Ze for the Year 1881 ) The Lias Ammonites, Part IV, by Dr. Wright (pp. 265—3828, pls. xxii A, xxiiB, xli—xlvii). The Reptilia of the Liassie Formations, Part III, by Prof.Owen (pp. 83—184, pls. XXI—xxxill, and title-page). The Fossil Elephants, Part 111 (EH. primigenius and E. meridionalis), by Prof. Leith Adams (pp. 147—265, pls. xvi—xxviil, and title-page). (pp. 59—86, pls. xl, xiii, and title-page). Third Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, by the late Mr. 8S. V. Wood (pp. 1—24, pl. i). The Fossil Hchinodermata, Cret., Vol. I, Part X, by Dr. Wright (pp. 325 —371, pls. , XXXVI. Issued June, 1882, Ixxvi—Ixxx, and title-page). Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Yol. IV, Part V, by Dr. Davidson (py. 369 —383, and title-page). Do., Vol. V, Part I (Devonian and Silurian), by Dr. Davidson (pp. 1—134, pls. i—vii). The Lias Ammonites, Part V, by Dr. Wright (pp. 329—400, pls. xlix—lii, lii a, liii—lxix). for the Year 1882” The Eocene Flora, Vol. II, Part I, by Mr. J. S. Gardner (pp. 1—60, pls. i—ix). The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part V, by the late Mr. J. W. Salter (pp. 215—224, and title-page). The Carboniferous Trilobites, Part I, by Dr. H. Woodward (pp. 1—38, pls. i—vi). Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. V, Part If (Silurian), by Dr. Davidson (pp. 185—242, pls. vili—xvil). The Fossil Trigonie (Supplement No. 2), by the late Dr. Lycett (pp. 5—19, pls. i—iv, and title-page). The Lias Ammonites, Part VI, by Dr. Wright (pp. 401—440, pls. Ixx—lIxxyii). ” The Hocene Flora, Vol. IT, Part II, by Mr. J.S. Gardner (pp. 61—90, pls. x—xx). The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part I, No. 2, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, Mr. J. W. 5, XXX VIII. Issued Dec., 1884. for the Year 1884 and title-page). Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. V, Part IIT, by Dr. Davidson (pp. 243—476, pls. xvili—xxi, and title-page). The Lias Ammonites, Part VII, by Dr. Wright (pp. 441—480, pls. Ixxvili—Ixxxvii), fs Hocene Flora, Vol. I, Part TI, by Mr. J. 8S. Gardner and Baron Kttingshausen CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Eocene Flora, Vol. II, Part III, by Mr. J. S. Gardner (pp. 91—159, pls. XXi— xxvii, and title- page). The Stromatoporoids, Part I, by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson (pp. i—iii, 1—130, pls. i—xi). The Fossil Braehiopoda (Bibliography), Vol. VI (pp. 1—163), by the late Dr. Davidson and Mr. W. H. Dalton. : Vol. XX XIX. Issued Jan., 1886, for the Year 1885 The Lias Ammonites, Part VIII, by the late Dr. Wright (pp. 481—503, pl. Ixxxviii, and title-page). The Merevone ry and Histology of Stigmaria Ficoides, by Prof. W. C. Williamson pp. i—iv, 1—62, pls. i—xv). The née Spee Part I, by Dr. G. J. Hinde (pp. 1—92, pls. i—viii). The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 1, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 1—56). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part I, by Mr. 8S. 8. Buckman (pp. 1—24, pls. i—vi). The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part VI, by Prof. Boyd Dawkins (pp. 1—29 pls. i—vli). aw, a XL. Issued Mar.,1$87, for the Year 1886 | The Fossil Sponges, Part II, by Dr. G. J. Hinde (pp. 98—188, pl. ix). The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, Part I, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward (pp. 1—72, ‘ A R88. pls. i—xii). ” = oe Jen weds The Jurassic ences, Part I, No. 2, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 57—136, pls. The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part IT, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman (pp. 25—56, pls. vii—xiv). The Stromatoporoids, Part IT, by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson (pp. 1831—158, pls. xii— 5O8.O)e The Tertiary Entomostraca (Supplement), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Mr. C. D. Sherborn (pp. 1—55, pls. i—iii). The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 3, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 137—192, pls. vil—x1). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part III, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman (pp. 57—144, pls. xv, XX A). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part I, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. i, 1, 1—46, pls. i—iv). Title-pages and Prefaces to the Monographs on the Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck (Supplements), Kimmeridge Clay, and Mesozoic Formations, and on the Cetacea of the Red Crag. op XLII. Issued Mar.,1889, for the Year 1888 | The Cretaceous Entomostraca (Supplement), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. G. J Hinde (pp. i—viii, 1—70, pls. i—iv). The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 4, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 193—224, pls. Xli—xvi). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part IV, by Mr. 8.8. Buckman (pp. 145—224, pls. XX1V—XXxvV1). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part II, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 47—154, pls. v—viil, vill A, ‘1X—Xxv), XLII. Issued Mar., 1890, for the Year 1&§89 4 The Stromatoporoids, Part IIT, by Prof. Alleyne Nichoison (pp. 159—202, pls. xx—xxv), The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part I (Astervidea), by Mr. W. Perey Sladen (pp. 1—28, pls. i—viii). » MALIV. Issued Apr.,1891, } The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part V, by Mr. S. 8. Buckman (pp. 225 —256, pls. for the Year 1890 XXXVli—xliv). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part III, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 155—250, pls. xvi—xxiy). Title-pages to the Supplement to the Fossil Corals, by Prof. Duncan. The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 5, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 225—272, pls. 5.Ay10 3.6.6) The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part VI, by Mr. 8.8. Buckman (pp. 257—3812, pls. 7% XLYV. Issued Feb., 1892, xly—lvi). for the Year 1891) The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part TV (Conclusion of Vol. 1) (pp. 251—344, pls. xxv—xxxi, and title-page). Vol. II, Part I, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 1—56, pls. i —Vi))s bho Or CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Stromatoporoids, Part IV (Conclusion), by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson (pp. 2083— 234, pls. xxvi—xxix, and title-page). The Palwozoic Phyllopoda, Part II, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward (pp. 73— 124, pls. xi1i—xvii). Vol. XLVI. Issued Nov.,1892, | The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 6, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 273—324, pls. for the Year 1892 - XXI—xxvi), The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part VII, by Mr. S. S. Buckman (pp. 313—344, pls. lvii—Ixxvi). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part II, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 57—88, pls. vi—x). The Fossil Sponges, Part III, by Dr. G. J. Hinde (pp. 189—254, pls. x—xix). The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part II (Asteroidea), by Mr. W. Percy ; 2 Sladen (pp. 29—66, pls. ix—xvi). I . ssue 2c. 89: : . 5 poe ll paved ee The ieee i aa Part VII, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman (pp. 345—376, pls. The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part III, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 89—160, pls. xi—xvii). The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 7, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 325—290, pls. XXV11—XXXil), Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part I, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 1—80, pls. 1—x1). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part IX, by Mr. 8.8. Buckman (pp. 377—456, pls. x¢clli—Ciil). The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part II, No. 1, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 63— 90, pls. xv—xviil). » XSLVIII. Issuéd Nov., 1894, for the Year 1894 The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 8, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 391—444, pls. XXX11i—x]). Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part II, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 81—170, pls. X1i—xx). The Deyonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part IV, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 161—212, pls. xviii—xxiv). » LIX. Issued Oct., 1895, for the Year 1895 The Crag Foraminifera, Part II, by Prof. T. R. Jones (pp. 73—210, pls. v—vii). The Crag Foraminifera, Part III, by Prof. T. R. Jones (pp. 211—314). The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 9, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston (pp. 445—514, pls. xli—xliv, and title-page). . L. Issued Oct., 1896, } Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part III, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 171—182, for the Year 1896 pl. xxi, and title-page). "he Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part I, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 1—80, pls. i, ii). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. IlI, Part 1, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 1—112, pls. i—xvi). The Crag Foraminifera, Part IV, by Prof. T. R. Jones (pp. vii—xv, 315—402, and The Cuan Lamellibranchiata, Part II, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 81—203, pls. iii The Ganenteres Cephalopoda of Ireland, Part I, by Dr. A. H. Foord (pp. 1—22, he Dovenian Reems of tWe South of Muglaudl Vol Ut, Pact 1 by ie merenm Whidborne (pp. 113—178, pls. xvii—xxi). LI. Issued Dece., 1897, for the Year 1897 | —176, pls. xvili—xxv). The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part III, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 209—276, pls. The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part X, by Mr. 8S. 8. Buckman (pp. i—xxxii, Suppl. The Cutettents Cephalopoda of Treland, Part I, by Dr. A. H. Foord (pp. 23—48, The ee a CLANS Sotto England, Vol. III, Part III, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne (pp. 179—256, pls. xxii—xxxviii). LIT. Issued Dec., 1898, | for the Year 1898 ” | The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, Part III, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward (pp. 125 d 26 CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, Part IV, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward (pp. i—xv, 175, 176, 177—211, pls. xxvi—xxxi, and title-page). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part I, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 1—72, pls. i—xiv). The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part IV, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 277—360, pls. XX VI—XXxX1x). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part XI, by Mr. S. 8. Buckman (pp. xxxili—Ikxiv, pls. vV—Xiv). Vol. LIII. Issued Dec., 1899, for the Year 1899 The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part II, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 73—112, pls. xv—xix). The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part V, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 361—476, pls. xl —liy). The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland, Part III, by-Dr. A. H. Foord (pp. 49—126, : pls. xvlli—xxxil). The British Pleistocene Mammalia, Title-page for Vol. I, by Messrs. Dawkins and Sanford. The Structure of Carboniferous Plants, Title-page, by Mr. E. W. Binney. » LIV. Issued Dec., 1900, for the Year 1900 XXV1). The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Vol. II, Part I, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 1—34, pls. i—vi), Title-page and Index for Vol. I. The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Iveland, Part IV, by Dr. A. H. Foord (pp. 127— 146, pls. xxxiii—xxxix). British Graptolites, Part I, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood, edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. 1—54, pls. i—iv). Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations—Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 2, by Dr. Ramsay H. Traquair (pp. 61—87, pls. vili—xviii). » LY. Issued Dec., 1901, for the Year 1901 | The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part III, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 113—144, pls. xx— The Cave Hyena, by Prof. 8. H. Reynolds (pp. 1—25, pls. i—xiv). The Fishes of the English Chalk, Part I, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 1—56, pls. i—xiii). 4 The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part IV, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 145—196, pls. xxvii —XXXViil). British Graptolites, Part I, No. 2,, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood, edited by Prof. Lap- worth (pp. i—xxviil, 55—94, pls. y—xiii). » LVI. Issued Dec., 1902, for the Year 1902 pls. xiv—xx). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part V, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. i—xliii, 197—232, pls. xxxix—xlii), Title-page and Index for Vol. I. The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Vol. II, Part II, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 35—124, pls. vii—xx1). The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland, Part V, by Dr. A. H. Foord (pp. 147—234, pls. xl—xlix), Title-page and Index. The Lower Palwozoic Trilobites of Girvan, Part I, by Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed (pp. 1— 48, pls. i—vi). British Graptolites, Part III, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood, edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. xxix—lu, 103—134, pls, xiv—xix). ,» LVII. Issued Dec., 1903, ‘f | The Fishes of the English Chalk, Part II, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 57—96, for the Year 1903 | The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part II, No. 2, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 91—118, pls. xix—xxvi). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part J, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 1—56, pls. i—vli). The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Vol. II, Part III, by Dr. W. Hind (pp. 125— ,; LVIII. Issued Dec., 1904, 216, pls. xxii—xxv). for the Year 1904 | The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part XII, by Mr. 8. S. Buckman (pp. lxv—elxviii, pls. xv—xix). The Lower Paleozoic Trilobites of Girvan, Part II, by Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed i (pp. 49—96, pls. vii—xiii). British Graptolites, Part IV, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood, edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. lni—Ixxii, 135—180, pls. xx—xxv), Vol. LIX. Issued Nov., 1905, for the Year 1905 > » LX. Issued Dec., 1906, for the Year 1906 » LXI. Issued Dec., 1907, for the Year 1907 » LXII. Issued Dec., 1908, for the Year 1908 , LXIII. Issued Dec., 1909, for the Year 1909 © 27 CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. (pp. 67—90, pls. xvii—xxvi). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part II, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 57—96, pls. vili—xi). S Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Vol. II, Title-pages and Index, by Dr. W. Hind. fe Fossil HKehinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part III, by Mr. W. K. Spencer The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part XIII, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman (pp. elxix—ceviul, pls. xx—xxiv). The Cornbrash Fauna, Part I, by the Rey. J. F. Blake (pp. 1—100, pls. i—ix). The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part II, No. 3, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 119—130, pls. xxvii—xxxi). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part II], by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 97—132, pls. xi1—x1x). The Lower Paleozoic Trilobites of Girvan, Part III, by Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed (pp. 97—186, Title-page and Index, pls. xiv—xx). The Cambrian Trilobites, Part I, by Mr. P. Lake (pp. 1—28, pls. i, ii). British Graptolites, Part V, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood, edited by Prof, Lapworth (pp. lxxili—xevi, 181—216, pls. xxvi, xxvii). : Pleistocene Bears, by Prof. S. H. Reynolds (pp. 1—35, pls. i—viii). and Postscript). Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations, Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 3, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 87—106, pls. xix—xxiil). "he Fishes of the English Chalk, Part III, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 97—128, ls. XXi—xxy)l). The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part XIV, by Mr. 8.8. Buckman (pp. ecix—celxii, Title-pages, Preface, and Index). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part IV, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 133—180, pls. xx—xxyli). The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part IV, by Mr. W. K. Spencer (pp. 91—182, pls. xxvii—xxix), The British Conularie, by Miss Ida L. Slater (pp. 1—40, pls. i—v, Title-page and Index). The Cambrian Trilobites, Part II, by Mr. P. Lake (pp. 29—48, pls. 111, iv). British Graptolites, Part VI, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood (Mrs. Shakespear), edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. xcvii—cxx, 217—272, pls. xxvili—xxxi). The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part V, and Vol. III, Part IV, by the Rey. G. F. Whidborne (Vol. II, pp. 215—222, Title-page and Index ; Vol. ILI, pp. 237—247, Title-page and Index). The Cornbrash Fauna, Part II, by the Rey. J. F. Blake (pp. 101—102, Title-page and Index). : Sirenoid Ganoids, Part I, by Prof. L. C. Miall (pp. 33—34, Title-page, Preface, pls. xxvii—xxxil). Illustrations of Type Specimens of Inferior Oolite Ammonites (pls. i—vii). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part V, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 181—216, pls. xxvlll—xxxtv). The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part V, by Mr. W. K. Spencer (pp. 133—188, Title-page and Index). The Cambrian Trilobites, Part II], by Mr. P. Lake (pp. 49—64, pls. v, vi.) British Graptolites, Part VII, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood (Mrs. Shakespear), edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. exxi—exlvili, 273—358, pl. xxxii—xxxy). The Pleistocene Canide, by Prof. S. H. Reynolds (pp. 1—28, pls. i—vi)._ Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations, Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 4, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 107—122, pls. xxiv—xxx). : The Fishes of the English Chalk, Part V, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 153—184, pls. XXxXili—XxXvill). ar The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part VI, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 217—260, pls. xxxy—xliyv). The Mollusea of the Chalk, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe (Title-page and Index). : Fishes of the English Chalk, Part 1V, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 129—152, | Belemnitidx, by Prof, Phillips (Title-page and Index). CATALOGUE OF VOLUMES—Continued. Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations, Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 5, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 128—168, pls. xxxi—xxxv). The Fishes of the English Chalk, Part V1, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. 185—224, ) pls. xxxix—xlvi). Vol. LXIV. Issued Jan.,1911,} mye Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. II, Part VII, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 261—281, for the Year 1910 pls. xlv—l). The Carboniferous Arachnida, by Mr. R. I. Pocock (pp. 1—84, pls. i—iii). British Graptolites, Part VIII, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood (Mrs. Shakespear), edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. 859—414, pls. xxxvi—xli). The Pleistocene Mustelidx, by Prof. 8. H. Reynolds (pp. 1—28, pls. i—viii). Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations, Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 6, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. 159—180. pls. xxxvi—xl). The Fishes of the English Chalk, Part VII, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward (pp. i—viui, 225—264, pls. xlvii—liv, including Title-page and Index). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. I], Part VILI, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 285—3840, pls. li—liy). The Fossil Sponges, Title-page and Index to Vol. I, by Dr. G. J. Hinde (pp. 255—264). > xv. Issued Keb. 1912; for the Year 1911 by Prof. Lapworth (pp. 415—486, pls. xli—xlix). The Cambrian Trilobites, Part 1V, by Mr. P. Lake (pp. 65—88, pls. vii—x). The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Vol. If, Part 1X, by Mr. H. Woods (pp. 341—473, pls. lv—lxii, including Title-page and Index). The Fossil Malacostracous Crustacea, by Prof. T. Bell (Title-page and Index). » UXVI. Issued Feb., 1913, for the Year 1912 British Graptolites, Part X, by Miss Elles and Miss Wood (Mrs. Shakespear), edited by Prof. Lapworth (pp. 487—526, pls. 1—lii). The Paleozoic Asterozoa, Part I, by Mr. W. K. Spencer (pp. 1—56, pl. i). The Lower Palwozoie Trilobites of Giryan.—Supplement, by Dr. F. R. Cowper Reed (pp. 1—56, pls. i—viul, including Title-page and Index). The Pliocene Mollusca, Part 1, by Mr. F. W. Harmer (pp. 1—200, pls. i—xxiv). Ganoid Fishes of British Carboniferous Formations, Part I, Paleoniscide, No. 7, by Dr. R. H. Traquair (pp. i—vi, 181—186, including Title-page and Index). 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Discount is allowed to members of the Paleeontographical Society who order the volumes or parts through the Secretary. Enquiries concerning the volumes and parts marked out of print may be addressed to Messrs. Dulau & Co., Ltd. Palscontographical Society, 1915. THE FOSSIL FISHES OF THE ENGLISH WEALDEN AND PURBECK FORMATIONS. BY ARTHUR SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F-.R.S., KEEPER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM; SECRETARY OF THE PALMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. RATE: Pages 1—48, Puatss I-—X. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE PALHZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. OctosEer, 1916. — — ST a2 arene VY, Tease oe PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON AND WEST NEWMAN, LONDON AND DORKING. THE FOSSIL FISHES OF THE ENGLISH WEALDEN AND PURBECK FORMATIONS. INTRODUCTION. Tuk fishes of the Wealden and Purbeck formations are of special interest as representing the latest of the typical Jurassic faunas. Certain families and genera range even to Upper Cretaceous horizons, but here they are rare and mingled with a multitude of more modern fishes. The great estuary in which the Wealden and Purbeck beds were deposited must have opened into a sea in which there were none but Jurassic forms; and the only noteworthy features of the fishes discovered in these formations are certain marks of senility and an occasional dwarfing of the species. ‘The remains are usually fragmentary, though most of the ganoids are now known by nearly complete specimens, and there are many pieces showing important osteological characters. The fragments in the Wealden are often much waterworn and abraded, while the better preserved fishes in the Purbeck limestones have frequently been so much crushed that the details of their structure are obscured. Fish-remains seem to have been first noticed in the Wealden formations by Dr. Gideon A. Mantell, who described them in his early works.' A fine collection was also made on the Sussex coast by Mr. Samuel H. Beckles, and important series of Wealden specimens have been obtained during more recent years by Messrs. Charles Dawson, Philip Rufford, EH. J. Baily, and Reginald W. Hooley. The Mantell, Beckles, Dawson, and Rufford collections are now in the British Museum, while that of Mr. Baily is in the Hastings Museum. Fossil fishes from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage, Dorset, were noticed at least so long ago as 1816" and are preserved in many museums. ‘They are especially well represented in the British Museum, the Museum of Practical Geology, and the Dorset County 1G. A. Mantell, ‘The Fossils of the South Downs’ (1822), pp. 45, 46 (description only); ‘Illus- trations of the Geology of Sussex’ (1827). 2 'T. Webster in H. C. Englefield, ‘The Isle of Wight ’ (London, 1816), p. 192. 9 — WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. Museum at Dorchester. Similar fishes from the Purbeck Beds of the Vale of Wardour, Wiltshire, were collected many years ago by the Rev. P. B. Brodie, and more recently by the Rev. W. R. Andrews and Mr. T. T. Gething. All their finest specimens are now in the British Museum and the Museum of Practical Geology. There are also a few fish-remains from the Purbeck Beds of Bucking- hamshire in the John Lee Collection at Hartwell House, near Aylesbury. bo ioe) oo BIBLIOGRAPHY. . Aaassiz, L.—‘ Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles,’ vols. i—v. Neuchatel, 1855—44. . Branco, W.—*< Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Gattung Lepidotus,” ‘ Abhandl. k. preuss. geol. Landes-Anstalt,’ vol. vii, pt. 4 (1887). : Bropir, P. B.—‘ A History of the Fossil Insects in the Secondary Rocks of England.’ London, 1845. [With notes on fossil fishes by Kgerton. | . Davirs, W.—* A New Species of Pholidophorus from the Purbeck Beds of Dorsetshire,” ‘ Geol. Mag.’ | 3], vol. iv. (1887), pp. 8337—339, pl. x. . Herrron, P. M. G.—* Description of the Mouth of a Hybodus found by Mr. Boscawen Ibbetson in the Isle of Wight,” ‘Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. 1. (1845), pp. 197—199, pl. iv. ). ——— “Qn some new Genera and Species of Fossil Fishes,” ‘Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.’ [2], vol. xii (1854), pp. 483—436. [Abstract of following work. | . —— ‘Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom: Figures and Descriptions Illustrative of British Organic Remains,’ dec. vii (1855). Manset-Pieypent, J. C.—*On a New Specimen of Histionotus angularis, Kgerton,” ‘ Geol. Mag.’ [3], vol. vi (1889), pp. 241, 242, pl. vu. . Manveti, G. A.—* Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex, with Figures and Descriptions of the Fossils of Tilgate Forest.’ London, 1827. . Rem, C., and Srranan, A.—‘* The Geology of the Isle of Wight,’ Second Edition, ‘ Mem. Geol. Surv.,’ 1899. . StTRAHAN, A.—“ The Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth,” ‘ Mem. Geol. Sury.,’ 1898. . Torrey, W.—“* The Geology of the Weald,” ‘Mem. Geol. Surv.,’ 1875. . Woopwarp, A. 8.—‘ Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum,’ Parts I—III (1889—1895). - — “On some New Fishes from the English Wealden and Purbeck Beds, referable to the Genera Oligoplewrus, Strobilodus, and Mesodon,” ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.,’ 1890, pp. 346—-353, pls. xxvill, xxix. HY BODUS: 3 15. Woopwarp, A. S.— On the Cranial Osteology of the Mesozoic Ganoid Fishes, Lepidotus and Dapedius,” ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.,’ 1893, pp. 599—560, plisaxdixge |: 16. —— “A Contribution to Knowledge of the Fossil Fish Fauna of the English Purbeck Beds,” ‘ Geol. Mag.’ [4], vol. ii (1895), pp. 145—152, pl. vu. 17. —— “A Description of Ceramurus macrocephalus,” ‘Geol. Mag.’ [4], vol. 11 (1895), pp. 401—402. 18. —— “Note on the Affinities of the English Wealden Fish-Fauna,” ‘Geol. Mag.’ [4], vol. 1 (1896), pp. 69—71. 19. —— “Ona new Leptolepid Fish from the Weald Clay of Southwater, Sussex,” ‘Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.’ [7], vol. xx (1907), pp. 9396, pl. 1. The following is the most important work on Wealden Fishes from the European Continent. 20. Traquair, R. H.—*< Les Poissons Wealdiens de Bernissart,” ‘Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist. nat. Belgique,’ vol. vi (1911). SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS. Subclass HUASMOBRANCHII. ‘Order SHLACHTI. Family Custraciontip®. Genus HYBODUS, Agassiz. Hybodus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. in, 1837, p. 41. Sphenonchus, L. Agassiz, op. cit., vol. 111, 1843, p. 201 (in part). Meristodon, L. Agassiz, op. cit., vol. 111, 1843, p. 286. Generic Characters—Trunk fusiform, moderately elongated; the first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and pelvic fins, the second in advance of the anal fin. Snout not prominent but mouth inferior; pterygo- quadrate cartilage not articulated with the preorbital region of the skull. Teeth conical or cuspidate, the crown more or less striated, with one principal elevation, and one or more lateral prominences on either side diminishing from the centre ; root depressed, but not expanded inwards. Symphysial teeth few and large. Notochord persistent; slender ribs, not reaching the ventral border; intercalary cartilages almost or completely absent. Dorsal fin-spines longitudinally ridged and grooved, the ridges not denticulated; posterior denticles in two longitudinal series, often alternating, not marginal but placed close together on a mesial ridge. Shagreen consisting of small conical, radiately-grooved tubercles, sometimes two or t WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. three fused together. One or two large hook-shaped dermal spines, each on a triradiate base, immediately behind the orbit, at least in males. Type Species.—The generic name Hybodus appears to have been given by Agassiz first to some teeth from the German Muschelkalk known as Hybodus plicatilis (quoted, without description, by F. A. v. Alberti, Jahrb. f. Min., Geogn., ete., 1832, p. 227). It was not defined until he had examined specimens from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, showing the teeth and dorsal fin-spines in natural association (L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. i, pp. 41, 178). Hybodus reticulatus, from that formation and locality, was the first species satisfactorily described, and may therefore be regarded as the type (L. Agassiz, tom. cit., p. 180, . pl. xxiv, fig. 26; pl. xxua, figs. 22, 238). Remarks. —The known specimens of the several species of Hybodus from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis exhibit not only the arrangement of the dentition and Fic. 1.—Hybodus haufianus, Fraas; fish in left side view, with traces of soft parts, including the fins, about one-fifteenth nat. size—Upper Lias; Holzmaden, Wiirtemberg. University Geological Museum, Tiibingen. the dermal armature, but also the cartilages of the jaws, the neural and hemal arches of the trunk bounding a vacant space for the notochord, and the cartilages of the pectoral arch. Specimens of another species from the Upper Lias of Wiirtemberg are still more satisfactory, and one example prepared by Mr. Bernhard Hauff shows distinct remains even of the fins (Text-fig. 1).?. A specimen from the Lithographic Stone (Lower Kimmeridgian) of Bavaria displays the five branchial arches and the cartilages of the pectoral fin.2 A more imperfect specimen from the same formation in the Montsech, Lérida, Spain, shows the neural arches, slender ribs, and the cartilaginous support of the anterior dorsal fin.* Another fragment from the Upper Beaufort Beds of Orange River Colony, South Africa, exhibits the supports of a dorsal fin.* The well-preserved skulls and portions of ) Hybodus hanfianus, E. Fraas, E. Koken, Geol. u. Paleont. Abhandl., n. s., vol. v (1907), pp. 261—276, pls. xi—xiii. * Hybodus fraasi, C. Brown, Paleontographica, vol. xlvi (1900), pp. 151—158, pl. xv. ° Hybodus woodwardi, L. M. Vidal, Bol. Inst. Geol. Espafia, 1915, p. 22, pl. ii, text-figs. 4—6. * Hybodus africanus, R. Broom, Ann. 8. African Museum, vol. vii (1909), p. 252, pl. xii, fig. 2. HYBODUS. 5 trunk of Hybodus basanus from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight and Sussex show still better the shape of the jaws and branchial arches, besides the usual notochordal axial skeleton of the trunk, and the supports of the two dorsal fins. Hybodus basanus is the only Wealden species sufficiently well known for definition. 'The other Wealden and Purbeck species are represented by isolated teeth and spines, which bear merely provisional names. 1. Hybodus basanus, Egerton. Plate I, figs. 1, 2; Plate II, fig. 1; Text- figures 3—5. 1845. Hybodus basanus, P. M. G. Egerton, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. i, p. 197, pl. iv. 1889. Hybodus basanus, A. S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes B. M., pt. i, p. 273, pl. xii, figs. 1-5. 1891. Hybodus basanus, A. 8S. Woodward, Proc. Yorks. Geol. Polyt. Soc., vol. xii, p. 63, pl. 1; pl. u, J SLAY KAN \ MAY \ WYN MMAA, 7p NVI Keecog ~~ rw F, ; PISEP SS ail 2 DISEELIGD LDL DLA es ih i Ire Vi) A BL A | LEA FZLILEE DITPISIS 5x5 SILLA LL ‘ I I> Fig. 2.—Hybodus haufianus, Fraas ; restoration of skeleton, about one-fifteenth nat. size.— Upper Lias ; Holzmaden, Wiirtemberg. T'ype.—Imperfect skull and mandible with dentition; Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, London. Teeth with avery high, much compressed crown ; median Specific Characters. cone, narrow, slender, slightly arched inwards; lateral cones two, sometimes with a rudiment of a third, short but sharply pointed; coronal surface marked by numerous very fine vertical wrinkles, often extending to the apices of the lateral cones, but always absent on the smooth upper portion of the median cone. Dorsal fin-spines rather slender and not much arched, laterally compressed, with a sharp anterior keel ; lateral face of exserted portion completely covered with sharp but fine longitudinal ridges, about eight bemg widely spaced, and those near the posterior border closely arranged ; inserted base slender and tapering, its anterior border sometimes inclined at an angle to that of the exserted portion. A single pair of large postorbital cephalic spines with a terminal barb. Conical dermal granules small and fluted. Description of Specimens—The type specimen is an imperfect skull and 6 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. mandible discovered by Capt. L. L. Boscawen Ibbetson at the top of the Wealden near Atherfield, Isle of Wight, and is now in the Museum of Practical Geology. Since its description by Egerton (loc. cit., 1845), it has been cleaned from the matrix, and new drawings of the specimen from the right side and from below are o, and the given in Pl. I, figs. 1, 1 a. All the cartilages are distorted by crushing, waterworn teeth are less distinct than indicated in Egerton’s original figure, where each principal cusp appears too wide and smooth. All the other known specimens are similar heads and fragments of the trunk picked up on the beach of Pevensey Bay, Sussex, where a large collection, now in the British Museum, was made by Mr. 8. H. Beckles. From these fossils the principal characters of the species and several interesting anatomical features can be determined. The cartilages agree with those of modern sharks in being only superficially calcified in the usual small polygonal tesseree. They are therefore often distorted, not merely by crushing during fossilisation, but also by contraction before burial in the sediment. Under such circumstances their state of preservation is remark- able. In most cases the hollow left by the decay of the internal uncalcified eartilage is filled with ordinary matrix; but sometimes (as in the original of Pl. IT, fio. 1) it still remains partly vacant. The cranium as shown in the type specimen (PI. I, fig. 1) is rather short and wide, with a relatively large orbit (orb.), short postorbital and rostral regions, and a large anterior fontanelle (af). Its special features, however, are better seen in other specimens, particularly in the unique skull represented in PIII, figs. 1, 1 a, 1. This lacks only the occipital region, which is preserved in another specimen in the Enniskillen Collection (B. M. no. P. 3172), and is seen to slope backwards and downwards, while it is raised in the middle into a sharp vertical ridge extend- ing from the occipital border to the foramen magnum. The cranial roof throughout its length (PI. II, fig. 1) is gently convex from side to side, is produced downwards into a large postorbital process (fig. 1a), and extends above the orbit into a thin supraorbital flange, which merges in front into the depressed and only slightly expanded region of the nasal capsule. In the middle of the roof of the post- orbital region the posterior fontanelle (p.f.) is elongate-oval in shape. In front of and between the nasal capsules, the large anterior fontanelle (a.f.) is much broader than deep and is directed forwards; while the flat base of the mesethmoidal region soon: terminates in a very short but well-marked rostral prominence (7.). The mandibular suspensorium is inclined backwards, so that, since the jaws extend forwards as far as the end of the snout, they are longer than the cranium. As shown by the type specimen (PI. I, fig. 1) they are also relatively large and massive, with labial cartilages at the angle of the mouth. The hyomandibular (Pl. IT, figs. 1, 1a, hin.) is a comparatively slender cartilage, laterally compressed EE ——— ee ee eee ee HYBODUS. “i and produced somewhat forwards at its upper end, antero-posteriorly compressed but less expanded at its lower end. The pterygo-quadrate (as seen especially in Pl. II, figs. 1, 1 a (ptq.), and in the specimen figured in Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. i, pl. xii, fig. 1) is weak and depressed at its anterior symphysis, but deepens rapidly backwards, so that by the middle of the orbit its depth equals at least a quarter of its total length. Its upper border is then slightly concave, and finally rises a httle to its highest poimt behind. It can scarcely have articulated with the postorbital prominence of the cranium. he outer face of its posterior half is indented below, and this hollow is overhung by an arched ridge which runs upwards and forwards from the articular end and dies out before reaching the Fia. 3. Hybodus basanus, Egerton; restoration of cranium, upper view (A), and of skull with jaws, right side view (B), about one-half nat. size—Weald Clay ; Pevensey Bay, Sussex. upper border. ~The rami of the mandible (Pl. I, ngs. 1, 1 a; Pl. U1, figs. la, 10; md.), though deep and massive behind, rapidly taper forwards and meet in a comparatively feeble symphysis, which does not extend so far as the front of the upper jaw. ‘There are two pairs of large labial cartilages, best shown in PI. II, figs. la, 1b (wl. 1, 2, 0d. 1, 2). Those of the upper and lower anterior pairs are long and band-lke ; those of the upper posterior pair (PI. HU, fig. la, wl. 2) are large, irregular lamine ; while those of the lower posterior pair (PI. II, fig. 1 0, /./. 2) are short but stout rounded rods. An attempted restoration of the skull with jaws is given in Text-fig. 5. As shown by the type specimen (PI. I, fig. 1) the teeth are in contact round the margin of the jaws, and at least three or four series, one behind the other, must have been simultaneously in use. An examination of several specimens 8 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. proves that each ramus in both jaws bears ten or eleven transverse rows of teeth ; while one skull in the British Museum (no. P. 8172 a) seems to exhibit an unpaired symphysial row in the lower jaw. In all the teeth the principal cusp is high and narrow, compressed to two sharp lateral edges, with the incurved apex smooth and the expanded base vertically striated. The one or two pairs of well-defined lateral denticles are striated to the apex. From the symphysis backwards to the middle of each ramus the teeth are highest and about equally elevated ; but in this series those at and near the symphysis have a less extended base than those further back, with less space for the lateral denticles, which are usually in two pairs (the outer very small), but may be flanked by a third minute cusp (PI. I, fig. 1b). In the hinder half of each ramus the teeth rapidly diminish in size and elevation, with the principal cusp curving sharply backwards (Text-fig. 4). There is no essential difference between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. The ceratohyals are massive cartilages seen in several specimens, and the Fie. 4.—Hybodus basanus, Egerton; four upper and lower teeth from hinder half of jaws, nat. size — Weald Clay; Pevensey Bay, Sussex. basihyal is also large, somewhat broader than long, as already described in Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. 1 (1889), p. 274, pl. xii, fig. 2. The branchial arches are only five in number, as shown by the ceratobranchials preserved im series in a specimen already described, loc. cit., p. 274, pl. xii, fig. 3, and as still better seen in another head in the Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 11872). The hindmost or fifth arch is comparatively small. Each ceratobranchial is expanded and sharply truncated at its lower end, where it would articulate with the hypo- branchial; but the cartilages of this lower series remain undiscovered. The trunk is known only by fragments, of which the best is represented in Text-fig. 5. The notochord must have been persistent, but the neural arches and spines (i.s.) are well calcified in the usual granular form. They are narrow bands of cartilage arranged in close series. Below the space for the notochord in the abdominal region there are also traces of comparatively slender hemal elements or ribs in a specimen described in Proc. Yorks. Geol. Polyt. Soc., vol. xii (1891), p. Oo, pln, fies 4. Of the fins, only parts of the dorsals have hitherto been discovered in the original of Text-fig. 5. In this specimen the anterior dorsal (d. 1) probably remains in its natural position, but the second dorsal (d. 2) is accidentally HYBODUS. 9) overturned and displaced. Hach is shown to have been supported im the usual manner by a dorsal fin-spine fixed to a triangular basal cartilage, which extends from the inserted end of the spine throughout the whole length of the fissure on its hinder face. At the distal border of the basal cartilage of the posterior fin five small radials also occur, gradually increasing in length towards the hinder edge of the fin; and there are traces of delicate filiform rays for the support of the fin- membrane. As in Hybodus fraast and H. hauffianus, the basal cartilage of the anterior fin is narrower and deeper than that of the posterior fin. The dorsal fin-spines are much laterally compressed and very little arched, with a comparatively slender base of insertion. The sides of the exserted portion Fic. 5.—Hybodus basanus, Egerton; fragment of trunk in left side view, showing the neural arches (n.s.) of the vertebral axis, with the spines and cartilages of the anterior (d. 1) and posterior (d.2) dorsal fins, the latter overturned and displaced, nearly one-half nat. size. -Weald Clay: Pevensey Bay, Sussex. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 6357). are completely covered with fine and sharp longitudinal ridges, which are sometimes shghtly nodulose where crossed by growth-lines. Near the base about eight ridges are widely spaced, while four or five at the posterior border are crowded. The posterior denticles are numerous, small, and closely arranged. As shown in Text-fig. 5, the spine of the anterior fin is broader than that of the posterior fin. In some specimens, which are probably to be regarded as males, there is also a single pair of spines immediately behind the head. This is best shown in the partially decayed skull represented in Pl. I, fig. 2. The spine (s.) is placed 2 10 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. laterally just behind the position of the hyomandibular, and seems to have been fixed on a special cartilaginous support (v.). It is of the form originally named Sphenonchus, with a trifid inserted base, from which rises a sigmoidally arched enamelled spine, barbed at the apex (fig.2«). As observed in B. M. no. P. 11872, the postero-inferior limb of the base is largest and longest and truncated at the end, while its long axis is shghtly oblique to that of the other two limbs, which are nearly in the same line but curved. The exserted spine, which rises as usual at the place of meeting of the three basal limbs, is at least as long as the postero- inferior limb, laterally compressed, and sufficiently unsymmetrical to show that it is not a median structure. It is completely covered with enamel, which is smooth at the barbed apex and along the narrow upper face; but its basal portion is marked with irregular sharp ridges, which cover the greater part of the antero- lateral face and here terminate abruptly above at a sharp longitudinal ridge which extends to the apex. The head and at least the anterior portion of the trunk are covered with a spinous shagreen, which is always fine, but varies a little in size in different regions. Hach tubercle (PI. I, figs. 1 ¢, 1 7) is hollow, with an expanded trumpet- shaped base, more or less crimped round the edge, and marked with radiating ridges on its outer face. It risesinthe middle into a laterally-compressed recurved hooklet, on which the vertical ridges end abruptly at the arched anterior border. Horizon and Localities—Weald Clay: Atherfield, Isle of Wight; Cooden Beach, Pevensey Bay, Sussex. Addendum.—Isolated teeth of the same general type as those of H. basanus also occur in lower horizons of the Wealden series, but are not sufficiently similar to be referred with certainty to this species. Some obtained by Mantell from the Tunbridge Wells Sand of Tilgate Forest seem to have the principal cone less compressed and the inner lateral denticles more slender and acuminate than in H. basanus (as shown in Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. i, 1889, pl]. xi, figs. 14, 15). Rolled and waterworn fragments of such teeth were named Oxyrhina (Meristodon) paradova or Meristodon paradoxus by Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. 11 (1843), p. 286, pl. xxxvi, figs. 53—56. Abraded and fragmentary small dorsal fin-spines from the Tunbridge Wells Sand of Tilgate Forest also closely resemble those of H. basanus, but can scarcely be described as identical. They were named Hybodus subcarinatus by Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. 11 (1887), p. 46, pl. x, figs. 1O—12; and an early figure of one specimen was given in Trans. Geol. Soc. [2], vol. 1 (1829), pl. vi, fig. 9. Two nearly complete fin-spines, less abraded than usual, from the Wadhurst Clay near Hastings, are shown in PI. III, figs. 6, 7, and appear to be essentially identical with those of H. basunus, having the same fine longitudinal ridges and small posterior denticles. The broader spine (fig. 6) is a little widened by crushing ; the narrower spine (fig. 7) exhibits only the broken bases of the posterior denticles. HYBODUS. fer 2. Hybodus ensis, sp. nov. Plate II, figs. 2—7. Type.—Tooth ; British Museum. Specific Characters.-—Teeth sometimes 2 cm. in diameter, longest usually smaller. Median cone high, much compressed, broad at the base, tapering gradually to a blunt apex; two or three lateral cones, slender and sharply pointed, close to the median cone; coronal surface marked at the base with numerous delicate vertical wrinkles, which nearly reach the apices of the lateral cones. Description of Specimens.—This species is definitely known only by isolated teeth, of which the original of Pl. II, fig. 6, may be regarded as the type specimen. Here the median cone is complete, except for slight abrasion of its apex ; the characteristic slender inner lateral cone is also well shown; and there is a trace of a minute outer cone on one side. Near the base the fine vertical wrinkles are conspicuous, and they do not extend quite to the apex of the inner lateral cones. The original of fig. 3 is a crushed larger tooth of nearly similar form, with the left lateral cone broken away at the apex. A still larger tooth, much abraded, with imperfect lateral cones, is shown in fig. 5. In the tooth represented in fig. 2 the apex of the median cone is blunted by fracture, while in the original of fig. + it is complete. Both these teeth have a minute outer pair of lateral cones. Fig. 7 shows a smaller tooth with the median cone much inclined backwards, evidently referable to the hinder part of the jaw. It has three lateral cones in front. In all tlxe teeth the compression of the median cone causes its lateral borders to be especially thin. The teeth now described have sometimes been referred to the typically Lower Oolitic species, Hybodus grossiconus, Ag., but most of them are of smaller size, and they are readily distinguished by the less lateral expansion of their base-line and the somewhat blunter apex of their median cone. Dorsal Fin-spines.—It 1s interesting to notice that im the same horizon as the teeth of Hybodus ensis there also occur dorsal fin-spines almost identical with those named H. dorsalis (L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. 11, 1837, p. 42, pl. x, fig. 1), which are found in Bathonian formations with the teeth of H. grossiconus. These spines, of which three are shown in Pl. III, figs. 1—3, may therefore possibly belong to H. ensis. They are rather stout, with coarser and rounder ridges than the other Hybodont fin-spmes met with in Purbeck and Wealden deposits, and their posterior denticles are relatively large. The crushed specimen represented in fig. 1 is short and wide, with regular smooth ribbing, but only traces of the posterior denticles. The original of fig. 2 is an abraded fragment with very coarse and partly nodulose or wavy ridging. Fig. 3 represents a smaller and more elongated spine with large, irregular, hooked posterior denticles. 12 WEHALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. Horizons and Localities —Middle Purbeck Beds: Swanage. Wealden: Tilgate Forest. 3. Hybodus parvidens, sp. nov. Pl. I, figs. 8—14. 1889. Hybodus, sp. inc., A. S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes, B. M., pt. i, p. 276, pl. xi, fig. 16. Type.—Vooth ; British Museum. Specific Characters—Teeth small, rarely exceeding a centimetre in longest diameter; median cone stout and large, elevated and acute in the anterior teeth, low and blunter in the lateral and posterior teeth; lateral cones two or three on each side, also low and stout ; coronal surface marked by sparse vertical wrinkles, which extend to the apices of the lateral cones, some usually also to the apex of the median cone; occasional small excrescences at the base of the crown. Description of Spectmens.—This species 1s known only by small, isolated teeth, of which the original of Pl. LH, fig. 8, may be regarded as the type specimen. Its median cone is only moderately elevated, flanked with two pairs of very blunt lateral cones, and marked with especially prominent and sparse wrinkles. The original of fig. 9 has a broader and stouter median cone, with three imperfectly separated lateral cones on one side, two on the other, all marked with less sparse wrinkles. This tooth passes into those shown in figs. 10 and 12, which have a still stouter and less elevated median cone, and doubtless belong to the back of the jaw. They are noteworthy for the shght arching of their base-line, and a larger tooth of nearly the same form (figured in Catal. Foss. Fishes, B. M., pt. 1, pl. xi, fig. 16) shows some traces of basal excrescences. Fig. 15 represents a larger tooth, with three pairs of lateral denticles, perhaps referable to the middle part of the ramus of the jaw. The originals of figs. 11 and 14, with a more elevated median cone and two pairs of relatively small lateral cones, are evidently anterior teeth, and are remarkable for the small excrescence at the middle of the base of the crown. Though much smaller, these teeth closely resemble those of the Upper Jurassic Hybodus obtusus, Ag., in which the small excrescences at the base of the crown are especially numerous and prominent. Horizons and Localitics.—W ealden (chiefly Wadhurst Clay): Hastings. Weald Clay: Berwick, Sussex. 4. Hybodus striatulus, Agassiz. Plate III, fig. 8. 1827. ‘ Resembling Silurus,” G. A. Mantell, Illustr. Geol. Sussex, p. 58, pl. x, fig. 4. 1837. Hybodus striatulus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ili, p. 44, pl. vin b, fig. 1. T'ype.—Portion of dorsal fin-spine; British Museum. Specific Characters.—Dorsal fin-spines attaining a length of nearly 25 em., HYBODUS. 13 stout and not much arched, with shghtly rounded sides and blunt anterior keel; lateral face of exserted portion covered with coarse rounded longitudinal ridges, which are closely arranged and in the distal portion tend to become subdivided into tubercles. Description of Specimens.—Like most of the fossils from the Wealden of Tilgate, the only two known specimens of this form of dorsal fin-spine are much water- worn and abraded. The large spine figured by Mantell (figure copied by Agassiz) is especially abraded, so that traces of the rounded longitudinal ridges (not shown in the published figure) are observable only in the distal half near the front border. The smoothness of the specimen and the bluntness of the posterior denticles are due entirely to abrasion. ‘The second specimen (PI. III, fig. 8) is part of the distal half of a spine with the ridged ornament better preserved, and interesting as exhibiting a tendency to the subdivision of the ridges into tubercles. There is considerable resemblance between this form of spine and_ that mentioned above (p. 11) in connection with Hybodus ensis; but the longitudinal ridges in the latter are very rarely nodulose and still more rarely subdivided. Horizon and Locality.—Tunbridge Wells Sands: Tilgate Forest. ». Hybodus strictus, Agassiz. Plate III, figs. 4, 5. 1837. Hybodus strictus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, p. 45, pl. x, figs. 7—29. T'ype.—Dorsal fin-spine ; Bristol Museum. Specific Characters.—Dorsal fin-spines attaining a length of about 12 or 13 cm., slender and not much arched, laterally compressed, with a sharp anterior keel; lateral face of exserted portion covered with sharp, strong, longi- tudinal ridges, well spaced except near the lower part of the posterior border, where they are finer and crowded; posterior denticles moderately large ; imserted base slender and tapering. Description of Specimens.—The two examples of this fin-spime shown in Pl. II, fies. 4, 5, are typical, and its characters are very constant in the numerous _known specimens. It is of the same general form as the spines named H. subcarinatus and H. basanus, but is distinguished by its stronger ribs and larger posterior denticles. Horizon and Loeality.—Middle Purbeck Beds: Swanage. 6. Hybodont Cephalic Spines. Plate I, figs. 5, 4. The cephalic spine already described in Hybodus basanus (p. 10) is closely similar in shape to that of the typical Hybodus from the Lower Lias; and several 14. WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. portions of spines found isolated both in Wealden and Purbeck formations agree with these in their striated ornament and terminal barb. Two fragments, obtained by Mantell from the Tunbridge Wells Sands of Tilgate Forest and apparently worn smooth by abrasion, were described under the name of Sphenonchus elongatus by Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. i, 1848, p. 202, pl. xxi a, figs.18,19. Besides these typical cephalic spines, however, there also occur in Wealden beds comparatively small specimens in which the enamelled exserted portion is reduced to a smooth pointed hook without any barb. One is well seen in side view in Pl. I, fig. 3, and a nearly complete example is shown both in side and outer view in PI. I, figs. 4, 4a. Here the inserted triradiate base 1s remarkably large, with its postero-inferior limb small and the two lateral limbs much enlarged and inclined downwards. This, indeed, seems to represent the final degenerate condition of the Hybodont cephalic spine. Genus ACRODUS, Agassiz. Acrodus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. iii, 1838, p. 139. Sphenonchus, L. Agassiz, op. cit., vol. 11, 1843, p. 201 (in part). Thectodus, H. von Mever and T. Plieninger, Beitr. Paliont. Wirtembergs, 1844, p. 116. Generte Characters.—Only differmg from Hybodus im the rounded, non-cuspidate shape of the teeth. Type Species.—The generic name appears to have been given by Agassiz first to the teeth of Acrodus gaillardott from the German Muschelkalk, in Gaillardot, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, vol. i11 (Zoologie), 1835, p. 49, and in Mougeot, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, vol. vi, 1835, p. 20, but it was not defined until the discovery and description of Acrodus nobilis from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis (Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. i, 1838, p. 140, pl. xxi). The latter must therefore be regarded as the type species. Renarks.—Acrodus is best known by the remains of A. nobilis and A. anningizx from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, described in Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. 1, 1889, pp. 283-295, pls. xin, xiv. The arrangement of the dentition is shown in Text-fig. 6. 1. Acrodus ornatus, A. 8S. Woodward. Plate II, figs. 15—18. 1889, Acrodus ornatus, A. S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. i, p. 296, pl. xiii, fig. 10. T'ype.—Detached tooth ; British Museum. Specific Characters-—A very small species known only by detached teeth, which do not exceed about 7 mm. in length. The dental coronal contour is low ACRODUS. 15 and gently rounded, marked by a longitudinal median wrinkle; the laterally directed wrinkles are short, unusually stout, and marginal, but few tapering and extending to the middle line. Description of Specimens.—The type tooth from Brixton, Isle of Wight, is elongate-ovoid in shape, about twice as long as wide, probably belonging to one of the principal lateral rows. A second specimen, obtained by the Rev. Wilham Fox from the same locality, is slightly longer and more attenuated at the extremi- ties. A somewhat larger tooth from Brook, of nearly similar shape, broken at one end and naturally curved at the other tapering end, is shown enlarged five Fia. 6.—Acrodus anningiz, Agassiz; dentition in matrix, almost undisturbed, nat. size.—Lower Lias ; ah Regis, Dorset. British Museum, no, 39925. After E. C. H. Day, Geol. Mag., vol. i (1864), times in Pl. I, fig. 15. This is completely unworn, and exhibits well the longi- tudinal median wrinkle, with the few and thick lateral wrinkles, which taper towards the middle line but rarely reach it. Another specimen of more regular shape (PI. I, fie. 16), with almost equally well preserved wrinkles, also belongs to a principal row. The relatively short and wide teeth which may be referred to the rows near the symphysis, such as the original of Pl. II, fig. 17, do not exhibit any trace of lateral elevations or denticles. Other teeth, more irregular in shape and wrinkling, probably belong to the hinder part of the jaw (PI. LH, fig. 18). Horizon and Localities —Wealden: Brixton and Brook, Isle of Wight; Hastings and Bexhill, Sussex. Waterworn specimens of nearly simiar teeth have also been found in the Lower Greensand of Godalming, Surrey. 16 WEALD FrG.7.—Asteracanthus verrucosus, Egerton ; dorsal fin-spine lack- ing posterior denticles, right side view, two-thirds nat. size.— Middle Purbeck Beds: Swan- age, Dorset. Egerton Collection (B. M. no. P. 2209). Type. EN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. Genus ASTERACANTHUS, Agassiz. Asteracanthus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. iii, 1837, p. 31. Strophodus, L. Agassiz, op. cit., vol. ii, 1838, p. 116. Sphenonchus, L. Agassiz, op. cit., vol. iii, 1843, p. 201 (in part). Curtodus, H. E. Sauvage, Catal. Poiss. Form. Second. Boulonnais (Mém. Soc. Acad, Boulogne-sur-Mer, vol. ii), 1867, p. 53. Generic Characters.—Principal teeth elongated, irregu- larly quadrate, with slightly arched but flattened crown ; symphysial teeth few and large, much arched, without lateral denticles, longitudinally keeled; all superficially marked by fine reticulate wrinkles or ridges. Dorsal fin- spines ornamented by stellate tubercles, sometimes in part fused into short longitudinal ribs ; posterior denticles in two longitudinal series, often alternating, not marginal, but placed close together on a mesial ridge. One or two large hook-shaped dermal spines, each on a triradiate base, immediately behind the orbit, at least in males. Type Species.—Asteracanthus ornatissimus (. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. 1, 1837, p. 31, pl. vin), typically from the Upper Jurassic of Western Europe. Remarks.—This genus is closely related to Acrodus and Hybodus, but the complete fish 1s unknown, and the teeth and spines have hitherto been found associated only in a variety of the type species discovered by Mr. Alfred N. Leeds in the Oxford Clay of Peterborough (A. 8. Woodward, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [6], vol. ii, 1888, pp. 336—342, pl. xii). Although dorsal fin-spines occur both in Wealden and in Purbeck formations, no teeth have yet been met with in the same horizons and localities. 1. Asteracanthus verrucosus, Egerton. ‘l'ext-fig. 7. 1854. Asteracanthus verrucosus, P. M.G. Egerton, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2], vol. xiii, p. 433. 1855. Asteracanthus verrucosus, P. M. G. Egerton, Figs. and Descripts. Brit. Organic Remains (Mem. Geol. Surv.), dec. viii, pl. 11. 1889. Asteracanthus verrucosus, A. S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes, B. M., pt. i, p. 313. Dorsal fin-spine; Dorset County Museum, Dorchester. Specific Characters.—Dorsal fin-spines attaining a maximum length of about ASTHRACANTHUS. 17 35 cm.; more or less gently arched and laterally compressed, but not keeled anteriorly ; posterior face slightly raised, with denticles relatively smaller than in the type species; ornamental tubercles very numerous and closely arranged, mostly oval in form, and not only forming longitudinal series but also tending to arrangement in regular transverse series ; the tubercles more or less fused into longi- tudinal ridges near the apex of the spine. Description of Specimens.—VThe type spine is well preserved, lacking only the apex and the posterior denticles. The specimen shown in Text-fig. 7 1s stall finer, with the apex only a little worn and the posterior denticles again lacking. The rounded front border and the character- istic ornament are especially well seen. The posterior face is not sharply keeled, but only gently rounded, and in some other specimens in the British Museum its rather small denticles are arranged in two well- separated close series. The degree of cur- vature varies, and some spines are nearly straight, but all must have have been very obliquely inserted. It seems impossible at present to distmguish that of the anterior from that of the posterior dorsal fin. Horizon and Locality.—Middle Purbeck Beds: Swanage, Dorset. 2. Asteracanthus semiverrucosus, Hger- ton. Text-fig. 8. 1854. Asteracanthus semiverrucosus, P. M. G. Bger- Fic. 8.—Asteracanthus semiverrucosus, Egerton; im- ton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2], vol. xiii, p- 434. perfect dorsal fin-spine, left side view, in matrix, 5 [ G. Heer. two-thirds nat. size.—Middle Purbeck Beds: Swan- 1855. Dc LEPIDOTUS. al spaced series of six or seven styliform teeth. Its hinder half tapers backwards to a blunt point, which meets the maxilla; its anterior half is continued upwards in a narrow laminar process, which is so long that (as in Ama) it passes beneath the nasal bone to articulate in a squamous suture with the imner face of the frontal (Pl. V, fig. 6, pma.). This process, also as in Amia, is hollowed on its superior face and pierced by a large oval vacuity. The mandible is short and much deepened in the coronoid region. As seen from the outer face (Pl. VI, md.) the angular bone is comparatively short and deep, and marked near its lower margin by a row of large pits and rugosities for the slime-canal. The dentary bone (Pl. VU, fig. 2) is still deeper in the coronoid region just in front of the angular, but rapidly contracts to the tooth-bearimg portion, which forms a narrow bar curving inwards and shghtly deepening at the symphysis. This portion bears a regular spaced series of nine or ten styliform teeth somewhat larger than those of the upper jaw ; while its outer face is a little rugose and bears a row of large pits for the course of the slime-canal. The sumnut of the coronoid region is formed by a long and narrow coronoid bone, exactly as in Amia (seen in Pl. VI). The articular end of the meckelian cartilage is slightly ossified (seen in B. M. no. 41157), and on the inner face of the mandible only one splenial element has been observed. This is comparatively stout, enters the mandibular symphysis, and bears a cluster of about three rows of teeth which are stouter than those of the dentary and diminish to comparatively small teeth behind (PI. V, fig. 6, ad.). All the teeth are hollow and fused with the supporting bone, not in sockets. When unworn the smooth and rounded enamelled crown rises to a sharp median apex, while the com- paratively long pedicle is slightly swollen just below the crown and a little expanded at its base, which sometimes exhibits short vertical grooves. Successional teeth have been observed as in other species of Lepidotus. In the hyoid arch the ceratohyal is relatively large, laterally compressed, constricted in the middle, and deepest behind (PI. V, fig. 8, ch.). It does not appear to bear any brauchiostegal rays. The preoperculum, best seen in PI. V, fig. 8, pop., but also shown in PI. V, fig. 6, and PJ. VI, is narrow and gently curved at the angle. The ascending limb is slightly constricted in its lower half, but expands upwards where its outer face is smooth and its truncated end is in contact with the squamosal bone. Its curved lower limb is more expanded and traversed by the usual longitudinal ridge, behind and below which the large openings of the slme-canal are conspicuous. The anterior border exhibits a smooth overlapped surface for the cheek-plates as far as this ridge; while the expansion behind, when unabraded, is marked by a few radiating crimpines, and the posterior edge usually bears a spaced row of large tubercles of ganoine. The operculum, also best seen in Pl. V, fig. 8, op., where the postero-superior angle alone is incomplete, is somewhat wider below than above, and its maximum width measures about three-fifths of its depth. Its 32 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. upper and anterior portions are sparsely ornamented with tubercles, which fuse together more or less irregularly and rarely spread over the whole plate. The subopereulum is usually about one-quarter as deep as the operculum, with a relatively large ascending process in front, and sparsely tuberculated near the anterior and inferior margins (Pl. V, fig. 8, sop.; Pl. VI, sop.). The inter- operculum is small, elongate-triangular in shape, also sparsely ornamented with large irregular tubercles (Pl. V, fig. 8, iop.; Pl. VI, zop.). Only four branchio- stegal rays have been clearly seen (Pl. V, fig. 8, br.), though there appear to be traces of two or three more in the original of Pl. VI. The uppermost is largest and bears a few tubercles, while the others are smooth. There is no gular plate. The notochord must have been persistent, and there are no surrounding ossifications. ‘I'he neural and heemal arches are incompletely ossified, so that they appear hollow and are frequently crushed in the fossils. The neural spines in the abdominal region so far back as the origin of the dorsal fin, are stout and a little widened distally where they nearly reach the dorsal border (Pl. VII, fig. 3, 1) : they appear to be shghtly curved, with the concavity forwards. The neural spines in the caudal region are shorter and more slender. The ribs (7.) are round or ovoid in section, comparatively slender, and extend almost to the ventral border. The hemal arches within the base of the caudal fin are especially stout and somewhat expanded distally (as seen in B. M. no. P. 4989 a). A single pair of large supratemporal plates (Pl. V, fig. 7, st.) overlaps the occiput, exhibiting the same rugosity and sparse tuberculation as the hinder bones of the cranial roof, and marked by the usual groove for the transverse slime-canal. Each supratemporal is wider than long and tapers towards the middle line of the fish, where it meets its fellow of the opposite side. The comparatively small exposed face of the post-temporal (PI. V, fig. 7, ptt.) 1s triangular in shape and also tuberculated. Its inner face is smooth, and in the original of PI. V, fig. 6, ptt., shows no feature beyond the articular facette for the supraclavicle ; but beneath the same bone in B. M. no. P. 5591, there is a displaced long slender process which seems to correspond with the mternal descending process of the post-temporal in Amia. Such a process has already been discovered by Mr. Alfred N. Leeds on a post-temporal of Lepidotus from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. The supra- clavicle is a deep and narrow plate of bone, only rugose at its upper end where it is crossed obliquely by the slime-canal, and not serrated along its posterior edge. The clavicle curves well forwards and its large expanded lower end is seen from within below and just behind the mandible in Pl]. VI. When the concave anterior inargin 1s exposed (as in the Sherborne School specimen), it is seen to be covered with short oblique rows of small granulations. There are three large enamelled post-clavicular plates, of which the upper two are shown in Pl. V, fig. 8, pel., and in Pl. VI. They are smooth and exhibit a variable amount of serration of the posterior edge in the lower portion. The upper postclavicular is deep and narrow, LEPIDOTUS. 33 and its tapering upper end is in contact with the lower part of the supraclavicle. The second plate, directly beneath the first, is not much deeper than wide, with a gently rounded postero-inferior angle; the third plate (not seen in the specimens figured, but shown in Text-fig. 14) is directly in front of the second plate, com- paratively small and triangular in shape. The pectoral fin, as shown in PI. VI, is rather large, the longest of its sixteen or seventeen closely pressed rays almost reaching the origin of the pelvic fins. The fin is fringed in front with a paired series of about eight enamelled fulera, and all the rays, which are almost without enamel, are articulated and divided in their distal half. The pelvic fins nearly resemble the pectorals, but are much smaller, with only seven rays, of which the longest attains about three-quarters of the length of the longest pectoral. The dorsal and anal fins are characterised by their very stout fulcra, which are covered with smooth enamel and paired like those of the pectoral and pelvic fins. In the dorsal fin, four, five, or even six stout fulera of gradually increasing length are directly inserted in the ridge of the back, and their long crowded supports (causing a break in the squamation in Pl. VI) penetrate the muscles almost as far as the position of the notochord. As shown in PI. VI, the length of the longest of these fulera much exceeds half the extreme height of the fin; while there are also a few large fulera fringing the foremost ray. The rays are about eleven or twelve in number, closely arranged and rapidly diminishing in size backwards, each articulated and finely divided in the distal half: they are destitute of enamel or marked only by the shghtest streak. The anal fin, with ten rays, nearly resembles the dorsal in shape, but it is much smaller and its anterior fulera are less stout, only two or at most three being directly inserted in the ridge of the body. The great support for the fulcra, however, is deeply inserted in the muscles of the trunk (PI. VII, fig. 5a, f.s.). The caudal fin consists of about eighteen comparatively stout rays, which are closely articulated and divided nearly to the base, and differ from the other fin-rays in being well covered with enamel in their basal half. The fin is shghtly excavated behind (as shown in B. M. no. 19006), and its fringing fulera are about as large as those of the anal fin. All the scales are smooth, sometimes with a faintly concave face; and their hinder margin is often slightly convex, while their upper and lower margins are sigmoidally curved. None of the principal flank-scales are much deeper than broad, but they are comparatively deeper in the typical stout forms (Pl. VI) than in the more slender forms (Text-fig. 14). They also appear sometimes smaller in the former than in the latter, but the total number of transverse series of scales is always approximately the same (about thirty-eight to forty as counted along the lateral line), while the number in a series above the origin of the pelvic fin is nineteen or twenty. In this position the lateral line always traverses the eleventh scale from the ventral border ; while above the origin of the anal fin it traverses the thirteenth or fourteenth scale in the stout forms (Pl. VI), the ninth scale in the pe co) 2) 34. WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. more slender forms (Text-fig. 14). The flank-scales in the abdominal region are nearly always feebly and coarsely serrated, but the serrations are usually restricted to the lower portion of each posterior margin; the scales of the lateral line are also often notched at the posterior margin, and a varying number are pierced by a simple foramen for the passage of the slime-canal. As the serrations of the flank-scales disappear towards the caudal region, the postero-inferior angle of each scale tends to become produced into a slender point, and this may even be strengthened by a shght ridge (B. M.no. 19006). Towards the dorsal and ventral borders, and in the hinder part of the caudal region, the scales become slightly broader than deep; and the third row from the dorsal border, between the occiput and the origin of the dorsal fin, is marked at intervals with the orifices of an upper shme-canal. The dorsal ridge-scales from a point shortly behind the occiput to the origin of the dorsal fin (accidentally removed from the original of Pl. VI, but seen in Pl. VII, fig. 4, and in Text-fig. 14), are relatively large and pointed, and form a conspicuous imbricated row; there are also two or three enlarged ridge- scales, not so deeply imbricating, at the origin of the caudal fin above and below. The three enlarged scales, with denticulated posterior margin, surrounding the anus just in front of the anal fin, are well shown somewhat displaced in Pl. VI. At the base of the fulera of the dorsal fin about four scales in a regular row are elongated in the direction of the fin-rays; at the base of the caudal fin small elongated scales are similarly related to the rays, while a notch in the end of the caudal pedicle marks the limit of the triangular remnant of the upper caudal lobe. The scales of the abdominal region are united in the usual manner by a complicated overlap and a peg-and-socket articulation. On the flank, the wide overlapped margin of each scale is produced at its upper angle into a large bluntly rounded process, at its lower angle into a smaller acute process (Pl. VII, fig. 5); while there is sometimes a minute prominence in the excavation between the two (e.g. in B. M. no. P. 4989 a). In the ventral scales (Pl. VII, fig. 5d), the antero-superior process becomes especially large, produced upwards as well as forwards, and the antero-inferior process disappears. In all these scales, the peg-and-socket articulation, strengthened by a vertical ridge, is also present; in the caudal scales only the strengthening ridge, more or less widened, remains. Horizon and Locality.—Middle Purbeck Beds: Swanage, Dorset. 2. Lepidotus notopterus, Agassiz. Plate VII, fie. 6. 1835-37. Lepidotus notopterus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, pt. i, p. 257, pl. xxxv. 1850. Lepidotus notopterus ?, V. Thiollitre, Ann, Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon [2], vol. iii, p. 188. 1852. Lepidotus notopterus, F. A. Quenstedt, Handb. Petrefakt., p. 197, pl. xv, fig. 4. 1863. Lepidotus notopterus, A. Wagner, Abhandl. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. Cl., vol. ix, p- 628. LEPIDOTUS. 30 1873. Lepidotus notopterus ?, V. Thiollitre, Poiss. Foss. Bugey, pt. ii, p. 15, pl. iv. 1887. Lepidotus notopterus, W. Branco, Abhandl. geol. Specialk. Preussen u. Thiring. Staaten, vol. vii, p. 382, pl. viii, fig. 5. 1887. Lepidotus notopterus, K. A. von Zittel, Handb. Paleont., vol. iii, p. 209, fig. 218. 1895. Lepidotus notopterus, A. S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. iii, p. 92. T'ype-—Imperfect fish; British Museum. Specific Characters.—A species attaining a length of about 40 cm. Length of head with opercular apparatus nearly equal to the maximum depth of the trunk, and occupying about one-quarter the total length of the fish. Snout acute ; cramial roof-bones with few sparse tuberculations; teeth on moderately long pedicles. Operculum twice as deep as its maximum breadth, which is contained at least three times in the length of the head. Fin-fulera very large, the principal dorsal fulera sometimes half as long as the anterior dorsal fin-rays, and three or four directly inserted in the ridge of the back; the pelvic fins arising much nearer to the anal than to the pectorals ; dorsal and anal fins deeper than long, the former larger than the latter. Scales smooth, very few serrated, but those of the lateral line and sometimes a few anterior flank-scales slightly notched on the hinder margin. Description of Specimen.—An imperfect fish lacking most of the head (Pl. VI, fig. 6), obtained by the late Earl of Enniskillen from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage, differs from L. minor in its smaller and more delicate dorsal fin-fulcra, and agrees well, so far as it can be compared, with L. notopterus from the Litho- graphic Stone (Lower Kimmeridgian) of Germany and France. It may therefore be recorded provisionally under the latter specific name. Traces of unusually stout ribs are exposed by the removal of the scales in the anterior part of the abdominal region. On the rest of the trunk the scales are in regular order, and the outline of the fish is only marred by the accidental removal of the ventral part of the abdominal region and by slight crushing in front of the position of the anal fin. The principal flank-scales in the abdominal region are slightly deeper than wide, with a smooth and somewhat convex hinder margin; above and below they are more nearly equilateral; and the dorsal ridge- scales are acuminate, though not enlarged. The scales in the caudal region are less deep, with a tendency towards the production of the postero-inferior angle ; some of the ventral scales are much wider than deep; and two of the acuminate dorsal ridge-scales at the origin of the upper caudal lobe are a little enlarged. The scales of the lateral line are pierced at irregular intervals with large pores, and the hinder margin of each scale is notched near the postero-inferior angle. In the dorsal fin only eight rays can be counted, rapidly decreasing in length backwards, where two or three may be missing; the fulera are very slender, the longest scarcely exceeding one-third of the length of the anterior fin-ray, and not more than three being directly inserted in the ridge of the back. The position of 36 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. the anal fin, behind the dorsal, is indicated by traces of fulcra and the bases of fin- rays. The end of the caudal pedicle is deeply excavated at the base of the caudal fin, and the stout upper lobe is considerably produced. The caudal fin-rays exhibit the usual stoutness and close articulation, while the fulera on the lower margin are large though slender. Horizon and Locality.—Middle Purbeck Beds: Swanage, Dorset. 3. Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz. (Plate VII, fig. 7; Plates VIII, IX, X; Plate XI, figs. 1—14.; Text-figs. 18, 16—18.) 1826. Figure of dentary by T. Webster, Trans. Geol. Soc. [2], vol. ii, pl. vi, figs. 5, 6. 1827. ‘Scales of a Quadrangular Form,’’ G. A. Mantell, Ilustr. Geol. Sussex and Foss. Tilgate Forest, p. 58, pl. v, figs. 3, 4, 15, 16. 1833. Lepidotus subdenticulatus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, pt. i, p. 9. [Scales, afterwards referred to L. fittoni, Agassiz, tom. cit., p. 265; National Museum of Natural History, Paris. | 1833-37. Lepidotus mantelli, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, pt. i, pp. 9, 262, pl. xxx, figs. LO—15 ; pl. xxx a, figs. 4—6; pl. xxx }, fig. 2; pl. xxx ¢, figs. 1—7. 1834-44, Lepidotus fittoni, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, pt. i, p. 265, pl. xxx, figs. 4-6; pl. xxxa (excl. figs. 4—6) ; pl. xxx b (excl. fig. 2). [Portion of fish, British Museum. | 1836-44. Tetragonolepis mastodonteus, L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., vol. ii, pt. i, p. 216, pl. xxiile, figs. 3, 4 (non fig. 5). [Small dentarv. ] 1641. Lepidotus mantelli, R. Owen, Odontogr., p. 69, pl. xxx, fig. 1; pl. xxxi. [Structure of teeth. | 1849. Lepidotus mantelli, W. C. Williamson, Pbil. Trans., p. 444. [Structure of scales. | 1860. Lepidotus fittoni, J. E. Lee, Geologist, vol. ii, p. 458, pl. xii. [Structure of scales. | 1887. Lepidotus mante'li, W. Branco, Abhandl. geol. Specialk. Preussen u. Thiiring. Staaten, vol. vil, p. 345, pl. iii, figs. 1, 2. 1895. Lepidotus mantelli, A. 8S. Woodward, Catil. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus., pt. ii, p. 108, text-figs. 23, 24. T'ype-—Portion of fish; British Museum. Specific Characters.—A stout species attaining a length of about 1 metre. Length of head with opercular apparatus considerably less than the maximum depth of the trunk and contained slightly more than four times in the total length of the fish. Snout acute and frontal profile somewhat bent ; external bones more or less rugose or tuberculated; parietal bones much less than half as long as the frontals, which are about three times as long as their maximum width, very narrow in front, and united throughout their length by a nearly straight median suture ; orbit unusually small, with a relatively large cireumorbital ring, and the postorbital plates much subdivided, the lowest and foremost plate of this series being the largest. Mouth small, the mandibular articulation below the middle of the orbit; maxilla smooth, with deep rounded expansion behind; mandibular symphysis very robust, the dentary being much horizontally extended to support the large tooth-bearing splenial. Inner teeth very short and stout, smooth, usually LEPIDOTUS. (oS) Sh with shghtly acuminate crown when unworn; marginal teeth also stout, smooth and acuminate. Maximum width of operculum nearly two-thirds as great as its depth, and equalling about one-third the length of the head. Ring-vertebree present in the adult. Fin-fulera very large; pelvic fins much smaller than the pectorals and inserted nearer to the latter than to the anal fin; dorsal and anal fins almost equally elevated, with about fourteen and ten rays respectively, and the former fin with four or five fulcra directly inserted in the back; anal fin arising opposite hinder end of dorsal. Scales smooth, but showing coarse oblique corrugations when abraded, and those on the flank more or less finely serrated; principal flank-scales somewhat deeper than broad, those of the lateral line notched ; dorsal ridge-scales acuminate, but usually inconspicuous. Description of Specimens.—Vhe type specimen of Lepidotus mantelli is the hinder portion of the head, with a fragment of the abdominal region and the base of a pectoral fin (Pl. VIII, fig. 1), in the Mantell Collection. The type specimen of the so-called L. jfittoni is a vertically crushed and much abraded head, with part of the abdominal region (PI. VIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2). There are notable differences between these two fossils, as already pointed out by Agassiz; but the large collec- tion in the British Museum seems to show that these differences are due partly to crushing, partly to abrasion, and partly to great variation in one and the same species. The earliest form is represented by a small specimen from the Purbeck Beds of Netherfield, Sussex, in the Hastings Museum (PI. X, fig. 3). The general shape and proportions of the fish are best shown in a specimen discovered by Mr. Charles Dawson in the Wadhurst Clay near Hastings (Pl. VII, fie. 7). This fossil is almost uncrushed, only shghtly bent sideways at the base of the caudal fin, and the gently arched contour of the back is especially well displayed. The maximum depth of the trunk is somewhat less than a third of the total length of the fish, while the head must have occupied nearly a quarter of the same length. The greater part of the caudal fin is, of course, missimg in this specimen. The chondrocranium is well ossified, the various elements appearing in the fossil as pieces of thick, spongy bone. No supraoccipital has been observed, but its ordinary place in the occiput is occupied by the inner part of the large epiotics which meet in the middle line (Pl. X, fig. 1, epo.). These bones, which have a triangular posterior face, form about half the depth of the occiput and rest directly on the exoccipitals (evo.), which also meet in the middle line above the foramen magnum (f.m.). In the fossil shown in Pl. X, figs. 1, 1 a, the exoccipitals are slightly crushed above, so that the epiotics form an overhanging ledge, but the general shape of the bones is well indicated. Hach exoccipital ends postero- inferiorly in an occipital condyle, and its concave posterior face slopes upwards and forwards, separated by a sharp angulation from its lateral face, which is extensive, since the bone enters for a considerable distance into the lateral wall of ; WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. wee i the brain-case, as in the salmon (PI. X, fig. 1 a, evo.). A large oval foramen for the exit of the vagus nerve (x) is conspicuous in this lateral face. The lower limit of the exoccipital is not seen in the fossil represented in Pl. X, figs. 1, 1 a, owing to the water-worn condition of the basioccipital (bo.), of which only the upper part, forming the roof of the notochordal cavity, is preserved. Its upper limit is also obscure laterally, but it appears to be capped by a small opisthotic (opo.), which forms the floor of the diminutive temporal fossa, and unites inside with a lateral prominence of the epiotic. The exoccipital and opisthotic are suturally united in front with a large pro-otic element (pro.), which doubtless meets the epiotic postero-superiorly, and is capped by a small sphenotic (or post- \ Fic. 15.—Lepidotus sp.; occipital portion of skull, left lateral (A), posterior (B), and superior (C) views, nat. size.—Oxford Clay: Peterborough. Leeds Collection (B. M. no. P. 9998). — bo., basi- occipital ; epo., epiotic ; exo.,exoccipital ; f.m., foramen magnum, reduced by distortion; hy., hypo- centrum of first vertebra; n., pit in basioccipital for notochord ; pl., pleurocentrum of first vertebra ; f-, process of epiotic, nature undetermined; r., facet on hypocentrum for articulation of rib; z., facet probably for opisthotic. frontal) antero-superiorly. The sphenotic is not clearly seen in the original of Pl. X, fig. 1 @, but is partly shown in another specimen in the British Museum (no. P. 6342). It is interesting to note that a similar arrangement of the epiotic bones in the occiput has been discovered by Mr. Alfred N. Leeds in a skull of Lepidotus from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough (Brit. Mus., no. P. 9998). The various elements are somewhat crushed and broken (Text-fig. 15), but the epiotics (epo.) are com- plete, and can be handled separately, proving that they meet in the middle line not only behind but above the brain-cavity throughout their entire length. They rest directly on the exoccipitals (evo.), which are fractured behind and so much crushed as almost to obscure the foramen magnum (f.m.). The exoccipital extends LEPIDOTUS. 39 considerably into the lateral wall of the brain-case, and bears an articular surface antero-superiorly (v.) probably for a small opisthotic, which is missing in the fossil. Posteriorly it is fused with the pleurocentrum (pl.) of the first ring-vertebra. Inferiorly the exoccipital is firmly united with the large basioccipital (bo.), which is grooved below for the basicranial canal, pierced behind by a deep excavation for the notochord (n.), and fused with the large hypocentrum (/y.) of the first vertebra. This hypocentrum bears a pair of prominent facets (7.) for the ribs. The pro-otic bone of the same specimen is relatively large and must have articulated both with the exoccipital and the opisthotic, while it was capped in front with a sphenotic or postfrontal. It may be added that the epiotics unite in a median suture above the ex- occipitals in some existing Teleostean fishes, such as Acanthurus. re) S. ecyul. bi | as =< Fia. 16.—Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz ; transverse section of skull between orbits, two-thirds nat. size. Wealden: Hastings. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 6342). ecpt , ectopterygoid ; enpt., ento- pterygoid; /fr., frontal; ol., interorbital passage for olfactory nerves; pas., parasphenoid; s., interorbital septum. There are also ossifications in the interorbital septum, but their precise char- acter is uncertain. A transverse section of one skull at the middle of the orbit is shown in T’ext-fig. 16. In this position the septum ends above and below in very coarsely cancellated bone, triangular in transverse section (s.), while the mtervening part is merely a thin, ossified lamina, which widens in the middle into a tube, doubtless for the passage of the olfactory nerves (ol.). Below the interorbital septum the parasphenoid is seen (pas.), with the superficially ossified hinder part of the entopterygoids (enpt.) and ectopterygoids (ecpt.). Further forwards there are indications of bone in the ethmoid region in several specimens, with apparently two separate tubes for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The external bones are thick and vary much in appearance according to their state of abrasion in the fossils. They are all more or less rugose, and unworn specimens exhibit a variable extent of tuberculation. The parietal bones (Pl. VIII, fic. 2a; Pl. IX, figs. 1, 1 a; Pl. X, fie. 3; pa.) form an unsymmetrical pair, of which one is both wider and longer than the other; they unite in a nearly straight 40 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. median suture, which has sometimes one small sinuosity behind; and their super- ficial rugosity is both coarsest and strongest near the outer border, especially behind, where the slime-canal traverses the bone in an L-shaped groove. The squamosal (sq.) on each side is a narrower bone, extending as far forwards as the parietals, but not quite so far backwards. It unites with the adjacent parietal in a slightly wavy suture, and its outer face is very coarsely rugose, while the groove for the transverse slime-canal behind is well marked. The squamosal is narrowest in front, where it bounds the hinder end of the frontal, and meets the circum- orbital ring, from which a small dermo-postfrontal is sometimes detached. The frontals (Pl. VILL, fig. 2.¢; Pl. 1X, figs. 1, Ia; Plex, fig. 35 77.) aremearly-three times as long as the parietals, and unite in a very slightly wavy median suture. Hach is widest behind, the maximum width being about a third of the total length ; and its comparatively narrow anterior portion ends in a few pointed digitations. The absence of these digitations in the frontal ascribed to Lepidotus fittoni by Agassiz (Poiss. Foss., vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 264, pl. xxx b, fig. 3) is due to the im- perfection of the specimen. The outer margin of the bone immediately in front of the squamosal is slightly indented by the overlap of the three upper plates of the circumorbital ring. Its outer face is usually rugose and tuberculated only in the hinder half, where the markings are coarsest near the outer margin; it then tends to rise into a rounded boss at the median suture between the orbits; and the slender anterior half is nearly smooth, only with a longitudinal channeling. The nasals and other dermal bones of the ethmoid region are unknown. The cheek is completely covered with plates, which form a circumorbital ring (Pl. VIII, figs. 2, 2a; Pl. IX, fig. 1; Pl. X, fig. 83; co.) bounded behind by post- orbitals (po.), and continued in front by a few preorbitals (pro.). They are all more or less rugose and tuberculated, but the most delicate and easily destroyed markings are on the upper postorbitals. Of the circumorbital ring, three plates occur above the eye, the hindmost being the largest and sometimes transversely subdivided, so that a separate piece in contact with both the squamosal and the frontal may be regarded as a dermo-postfrontal (e.g. B. M. no. P.635&). The two posterior circumorbitals, though of irregular shape, are about as deep as wide, while the other four plates completing the ring antero-inferiorly are much deeper than wide. The slime-canal is not conspicuous. ‘There are at least four plates in the preorbital series. The irregularly pentagonal upper postorbital (see especially Pl. IX, fig. 1, po.) is comparatively large, in contact with the squamosal and two circumorbitals; but the other plates of the postorbital series, very irregular in shape, usually from five to seven in number, though sometimes further subdivided, are not wider than the circumorbitals. The foremost and lowest plate is always longer than wide and tapers to a blunt point below the foremost cireumorbital. The mandibular suspensorium is inclined forwards so that the quadrate articulation is beneath the middie of the orbit. The hyomandibular (Pl. VIII, LEPIDOTUS. 4] fig. 1, hm.) is a narrow lamina of bone, with a broad prominence behind for the support of the operculum, and strengthened below this on the outer face by a longitudinal ridge. The metapterygoid (Pl. VIII, fig. 1, mpt.) is imperfectly known, but is a relatively large thin lamina of bone probably shaped almost as in Amia. The entopterygoid has already been mentioned as a thin toothless lamina seen in section in Text-fig. 16, enpt. The ectopterygoid, though thin and toothless at its hinder end (Text-fig. 16, ecpt.) and rising above into a longitudinal sharp Fig. 17.—Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz; diagram of arrangement of teeth in upper (A) and lower (B) jaws, about nat. size.—Wealden: Sussex. d., dentary; pt., pterygo-palatine ; spl., splenial; v., vomer. From Catal. Foss. Fishes, brit. Mus., pt. iii, 1895. crest throughout its length (PI. XI, fig. 5 a), is much thickened at the oral border to bear the powerful dentition, and seems to be completely fused im front with the equally thickened palatine, which abuts against the vomer. The slightly concave oral face of the pterygo-palatine thus formed bears the irregular longitudinal series of teeth, of which the inner are the largest and the most anterior are the smallest (Pl. XI, figs. 3,4). An outer fourth row of very small teeth is sometimes present. The single vomer (PI. XI, figs. 2, 4) is also much thickened (fig. 2), and its long and narrow oral face bears teeth almost as far back as the hinder limit of teeth on the ectopterygoids. The vomerine teeth are irregularly arranged, but the largest are in two pairs behind, and they decrease in size forwards, where they are in four or even five longitudinal rows. The maxilla is a relatively small and delicate lamina of bone, forming a deep expansion behind but tapering forwards 6 4.2 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. - (Pl. IX, fig. 1, ma.). Its outer face is smooth, and teeth have not been observed on the oral border in the known specimens. —— ATHRODON. 47 This articulation, however, is comparatively feeble, while the inner vertical ridge connected with it is low and irregularly widened (fig. 8). On the middle of the flank, the upper process of the wide overlapped margin of each scale is longer and more slender than the lower process (figs. 7, 8). In the dorsal, ventral, and caudal scales, the mner face is tumid, and there is no peg-and-socket articulation (Pl. XI, figs. 10 a—13 a). Some of the scales in the dorsal part of the abdominal region are nearly square, and their straight overlapped border is prolonged upwards into a strong process (PI. XI, figs. 9, 10). In the more elongated scales of the ventral part of the abdominal region the overlapped margin is forked as im the scales of the flank, with the upper process much longer than the lower process and often inclined upwards (PI. XJ, figs. 11, 12). In the caudal region (PI. XI, fig. 13), the anterior overlapped margin is comparatively narrow, and the inner face (fig. 13a) remarkably tumid. An isolated scale of the lateral line in the caudal region (figs. 14, 14) shows especially well the two orifices on the outer face for the slime-canal and its posterior exit on the inner face. Affinities—Lepidotus mantelli appears to be most closely related to Lepidotus levis, Agassiz, as interpreted by F. Priem, who describes the greater part of a fish from the Lower Kimmeridgian of Cerin (Ain), France, in Annales de Paléontologie, vol m(1908)) p22, pla: Horizon and Localities.—Wealden: Sussex and (?) Isle of Wight. Upper Purbeck Beds: Sussex. Undetermined species of Lepidotus about as large as L. mantelli are known by fragments from the Middle Purbeck Beds of Swanage, Dorset. Part of a trunk about 25 cm. in maximum depth in the Dorset County Museum, has smooth scales without serrations. ‘The opercular and anterior region of an equally large fish in the British Museum exhibits a coarse irregular serration of the smooth scales. One or more undetermined dwarf species of Lepidotus also occur in the Purbeck Beds of the Vale of Wardour, Wiltshire. Family Pycnopontips. Genus ATHRODON, Sauvage. Athrodon, H. EH. Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Géol. France [3], vol. viii, 1880, p. 530. Generic Characters.—Splenial bone unusually stout, with a deep symphysial facette ; its oral face covered with rounded teeth, which are arranged in more or less irregular longitudinal series, the one principal series generally not well differentiated from the others. 48 WEALDEN AND PURBECK FOSSIL FISHES. Type Species.—Athrodon douvillet (H. E. Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Géol. France [3], vol. vii, 1880, p. 530, pl. xix, fig. 5) from the Lower Portlandian of Boulogne, France. Remarks.—Vhis genus is still known only by the dentition, which appears to be less specialised than that of any other Pyenodont. It ranges from the Kimme- ridgian to the Senonian in Western Europe. 1. Athrodon intermedius, A. S. Woodward. 'ext-figure 19. 1893. Athrodon intermedius, A. 8S. Woodward, Geol. Mag. [3], vol. x, p. 434, pl. xvi, fig. 1. Left splenial dentition; British Museum. Specific Characters.—Splenial bone comparatively elongated, with closely arranged teeth, mostly smooth and nearly round, a few exhibiting an apical pit with feebly crimped margin, disposed in about five or six irregular longitudinal series, the largest forming a principal series near the symphysial margin of Type. the bone. Description of Specimen.—The only known example of this Fie. 19.—Athrodon 5 é 3 : intermedius, A. 8. Species 1s Shown of the natural size in Text-fig. 19. Many of Woodward ; left splenialdentition, the teeth have been much worn during life, but those of the oral asperr wax largest series seem to have been gently rounded, not pitted. Beds: Aylesbury. S x 5. + e ESD ee aneee Some of the marginal teeth are broken away, but they appear ae M. no. to have- been all small. The slight apical pit is well seen in the hindmost tooth of one of these series. Horizon and Locality.—Purbeck Beds: Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Genus MESODON, Wagener. Mesodon, A. Wagner, Abhandl. k. bay. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. Cl., vol. vi, 1851, p. 56. (?) Typodus, F. A. Quenstedt, Der Jura, 1858, p. 781. Macromesodon, J. F. Blake, Mon. Fauna Cornbrash (Pal. Soc., 1905), p. 32. Generic Characters—Trunk discoidal, not produced at the caudal pedicle. Head and opercular bones more or less ornamented with granulations; cleft of mouth very oblique; teeth smooth, or with feeble indentation and ruge; vomerine teeth in five longitudinal series, the lateral pairs often irregular ; splenial bone with symphysial facette not deepened; splenial dentition comprising one principal series of teeth with three or more outer series and one or two inner series, usually irregularly arranged. Neural and hemal arches of axial skeleton (we) PLATE I. Hybodus basanus, Egerton; skull and mandible, right side view and (1 a) lower view, one-half nat. size, with a lower lateral tooth (1 b) enlarged twice.—Weald Clay ; Atherfield, Isle of Wight. The type specimen. Museum of Practical Geology, London, no. 27973. a.f., anterior fontanelle; ch., ceratohyals; J., labial cartilages; md., mandible ; orb., orbit; ptq., pterygo-quadrate (upper jaw). Ditto; partially decayed skull and mandible, left side view, one-half nat. size, with the cephalic spine (2a) nat. size.-—Weald Clay ; Cooden Beach, Pevensey Bay, Sussex. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 11871). md., mandible; ptq., pterygo-quadrate (upper jaw) ; s., cephalic spine; «., cartilage at base of cephalic spine. Hybodont Cephalic Spine; left side view, nat. size—Wealden; Hastings. Rufford Collection (B. M. no. P. 6738). Wybodont Cephalic Spine; left side view and (4a) hinder view, twice nat. size-—Wadhurst Clay; Brede, near Hastings. Teilhard & Pelletier Collection (B. M. no. P. 11895). Page. 14. 14. PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 1915. A.S. Woodward,Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Plate I. G.M.Woodward del. et lith Huth imp. Hybodus i nes fete: , Te Pua) hte f Vv, a Mh oh, POATE TL Fra. Paae. 1. Hybodus basanus, Egerton ; skull and mandible, top view, left side view (1 a), and lower view (14), one-half nat. size.-—Weald Clay; Cooden Beach, Pevensey Bay, Sussex. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 11870). a.f., anterior fontanelle; ch., ceratohyal; hin., hyoman- dibular; /./. /,2, anterior and posterior lower labial cartilages ; md., mandible; orb., orbit; p.f., posterior fontanelle; ptqg., pterygo- quadrate (upper jaw); 7., rostrum; w. 1. 1, 2, anterior and posterior upper labial cartilages. 6. l¢,d. Ditto; dermal tubercles in side view (1c) and lower view (1d), ten times nat. size.—Ibid. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. P. 11872). 10. 2. Hybodus ensis, sp. nov.; tooth with broken apex, nat. size.—Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. Museum of Practical Geology, London, no. 27979. iby 3. Ditto; crushed tooth, nat. size.—Ibid. M.P.G. no. 27976. Jl 4, Ditto; tooth, nat. size—Middle Purbeck Beds, Durlston Bay, Swanage. York Museum. ay 5. Ditto; imperfect large tooth, abraded, nat. size—Middle Purbeck Beds ; Swanage. M.P.G. no. 27978. Tile 6. Ditto; tooth, twice nat. size—Ibid. The type specimen. B.M. no. 21349. i. 7. Ditto; postero-lateral tooth, three times nat. size.—Ibid. B.M. no. 21349 b. ila 8. Hybodus parvidens, sp. nov.; tooth, three times nat. size.—Wadhurst Clay; Hastings. The type specimen. ‘Teilhard & Pelletier Collec- fon (B. Mono, PAlle77): 12. 9-14. Ditto; six teeth, three times nat. size.—Ibid. Teilhard & Pelletier Collection (B. M. nos. P. 11878-83). 12. 15, 16. Acrodus ornatus, A. S. Woodward ; two principal teeth, five times nat. size.—Wealden ; Brook, Isle of Wight. Sedgwick Museum, Cam- bridge. oe V7. Ditto; anterior tooth, four times nat. size.—Ibid. Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. 15. 18. Ditto; posterior tooth, five times nat. size—Wealden; Bexhill, Sussex. BoM. no, P6105. 15; PALZ ONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, I9IS. A.S.Woodward,Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Place ll: \dwer lel lith Huth imp PATH aL. Fig. PAGE. 1. Hybodus ensis, sp. nov. (?); dorsal fin-spine.—Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. B.M. no. 46908. te 2. Ditto; imperfect large dorsal fin-spine.—Ibid. Dorset County Museum. 11. 3. Ditto; small dorsal fin-spine—Ibid. B. M. no. 33476. Me 4,5. Hybodus strictus, Agassiz; two dorsal fin-spines, the first exhibiting growth-lines.—Ibid. B. M. nos. 28447, P. 2835. 13. 6. Hybodus basanus, Egerton (?); dorsal fin-spine.—Wadhurst Clay; Eccles- bourne, near Hastings. Rufford Collection (B. M no. P. 8938). HO: 7. Witto; dorsal fin-spine.— Wealden; Hastings. Rufford Collection (B. M. no. P. 6936). 10. 8. Hybodus striatulus, Agassiz; part of distal half of spine-—Tunbridge _ Wells Sands; Tileate Forest. Mantell Collection (B. M. no. 2686). 13. All the figures are of the natural size. The outlines 1 a—8 a represent transverse sections of the spines at the points marked by cross-lines. 1S15 PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, ieuice’ JM, A.S Woodward, Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. “Vv i “St ac pas Sa arse Seige iC nS - 2 * a” af ie ae PLATE IV. Fie. Pace. 1. Undina purbeckensis, sp. nov.; imperfect fish, one-half nat. size, with dorsal scales (1 a), ventral scales (1b), and caudal flank scales (1 ¢) enlarged three times.—Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. The type specimen. B.M. no. P. 11925. a., fragment of anal fin ; d', d’, remains of two dorsal fins; plv., base of pelvic fin. 22), 2. Coccolepis andrewsi, A. S. Woodward; fish wanting pectoral fins, three- halves nat. size.—Lower Purbeck Beds; Teffont, Wiltshire. The type specimen. Museum of Practical Geology, London, no. 419. 24. 3. Ditto; hinder half of fish, three-halves nat. size, with anal scale (3 a) enlarged ten times.—Ibid. B.M. no. P. 6302. 25. 4. Coccolepis sp.; imperfect right maxilla, outer view, twice nat. size. Wadhurst Clay; Buckshole Quarry, Silverhill, Hastings. Charles Dawson Collection (B. M. no P. 11924). 25. ‘stdetoo00) 7-2 Sewogyonug gy IL dur WOH MILI2® PP Prlempoom WH ALeId ‘seystly yooqmng y Ueppeem ‘PIeMpooM, SV Fig. . Hylzxobatis problematica, gen. et sp. nov.; crown of tooth from above and [v) 4, 6. PLATE Wey below (1a), anterior view (1 0), hinder view (1c), and two end views (1d,1e), three times nat. size -—Wealden; Brook, Isle of Wight. The type specimen. York Museum. Ditto ; half-worn crown of tooth, in upper and anterior view (2 a), three times nat. size.—Ibid. York Museum. Ditto; crown of large tooth, upper view and transverse section (3a), three times nat. size.—Wealden; Sevenoaks, Kent. Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. 5. Ditto; two worn teeth, upper view, three times nat. size.—Ibid. Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. Lepidotus minor, Agassiz; inner view of vertically crushed head and anterior scales, nat. size.— Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. Egerton Collection (B. M. no. P. 1118). co., circumorbitals; fr., frontal ; md., mandible showing splenial teeth ; op., operculum ; orb, orbit; pa., parietal; pmz, premaxilla; po., postorbital; pop., pre- operculum ; ptt., post-temporal; scl., supraclavicle; sq., squamosal ; st., Supratemporal. Ditto; head in upper and left side view, nat. size.—Ibid. Cunnington Collection (B. M. no. 36080). Lettering as in fig. 6. Ditto; imperfect head with base of pectoral fin and some anterior scales, left side view, nat. size.—Ibid. Museum of Practical Geology, London, no. 27974. ag., angular; br., branchiostegal rays; ch., ceratohyal; d., dentary; iop., interoperculum ; pel., postclavicular scales; pro., preorbitals; sop., suboperculum; other letters as in fig. 6. Ditto; parasphenoid, nat. size —Ibid. Egerton Collection (B. M. no. PLS): Ditto; left hyomandibular, outer view, nat. size-—Ibid. B. M. no. 44.848. Ditto; left premaxilla, outer view, nat. size—Ibid. Beckles Collection (B. M. no. 48255). Page. Ney 20. 20. 21. PALA ONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 1915. A.S.Woodward, Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Plate V. Aue eke oa.x3. G.M.Woodward del.et hth Huth imp. 1—5. Hyleobatis. GS. Le piedovwms ae ma i, 4 i U 4 ve 4 f 4 a ‘ PLATE VI. Fra. Paae. 1. Lepidvtus minor, Agassiz; nearly complete fish, left side view, nat. size, the left side of the head slightly displaced upwards, the ventral region of the trunk crushed downwards, and the dorsal ridge-scales lacking.—Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. Museum of Practical Geology, London, no. 27975. by., branchiostegal rays ; co., circumorbitals ; top., interoperculum ; imd., two rami of mandible, the left crushed upwards; mz., maxilla, capped by supramaxilla ; orb., orbit; pmw., premaxilla; po., postorbital; pop., preoperculum ; pro., preorbitals ; sop., suboperculum. 28. SS aaLey On Gla. dur yyay ‘UFIT 498 ‘TOP pawmpoom p's) TA 2281 : ‘saYSlq yooqing °7 Uspream ‘pxzempoom'S'v SI6l ALSIOOS WVOMNdVEDOLNO 1Vd 6. PLATE VIL. Paar. Lepidotus minor, Agassiz; left ectopterygoid, upper and outer (1 «) view, nat. size.—Middle Purbeck Beds; Swanage, Dorset. B.M. no. 21349. 30. Ditto; right dentary, nat. size.—Ibid. B.M. no. 21974 a. dl. Ditto; portion of trunk showing neural spines (n.) and ribs (r,), nat. size.—Ibid. B.M. no. 45903. 32. Ditto; dorsal ridge-scales, nat. size—Ibid. Egerton Collection (B. M. no. P. 2006). 34. Ditto; inner view of three flank-scales of left side, with inner view of abdominal ventral scales (5) and base of anal fin (5 a), nat. size.— Ibid. B.M. no.41157. ff. s., endoskeletal support of fulerated front border of anal fin. 30, od. Lepidotus notopterus, Agassiz; imperfect trunk, right side view, one-half nat. size.—Ibid. Knmskillen Collection (B. M. no. P. 4220). 35. Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz; imperfect fish, left side view, one-sixth nat. size.— Wadhurst Clay ; Hastings. Charles Dawson Collection (B. M. no. P. 11832). 57. PALAONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, I91I5. A.S.Woodward,Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Plate VII. G.M.Woodward del. et lith. Huth imp. IEey 0) (clio nenGhs ii) Pas 4 * wily HF (cea eet eee in Fia. PLATE VIII. Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz; hinder portion of head, with anterior scales and base of pectoral fin, one-half nat. size—Wealden ; Heathfield, Sussex. The type specimen. Mantell Collection (B. M. no. 2456). cl., clavicle; cor., coracoid; hm., hyomandibular; iop., mteroperculum ; mpt., metapterygoid ; op., operculum ; pel., postclavicular scale ; pet., pectoral fin; pop., preoperculum; scl., supraclavicle; sop., sub- operculum. Ditto; vertically crushed head in right side view and upper view (2a), with a lower view of the dentary bones (26), one-half nat. size. Wealden; Highfure, Billingshurst, Sussex. The type specimen of the so-called Lepidotus fittont, Agassiz. B.M. no. 206734. co., circumorbitals; fr., frontal; md., mandible ; pa., parietal ; po., post- orbitals; ptt., post-temporal ; sq., squamosal; st., supratemporals ; other letters as in fig. 1. Ditto; hinder margin of skull and anterior dorsal scales, upper view, one-half nat. size.—Wealden; Sussex. Mantell Collection (B. M. no. 2401). Lettering as in fig. 2. Ditto; flank scales, partially decayed, showing coarse oblique grooving, nat. size.— Wealden; Horsham, Sussex. B.M. no. P. 5129. PAGE. 4A. 46, PALA ONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, IQI5. A.S.Woodward, Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Plate VIII. 2a.xé. G.M. Woodward del et lith. Huth imp. > Lepidotus. PATE “ix. Fie. Pagan. 1. Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz; small head and anterior scales, left side view, nat. size, with bones of cranial roof in outline (1a), one-half nat. size. —Wealden; Hastings. Rufford Collection (B. M. no. P. 6938). ag., angular; cl., clavicle; co., circumorbitals; d., dentary; fr., frontal ; iop., mnteroperculum ; /., scales of lateral line; mz., maxilla; op., operculum ; pa., parietal ; pel., postclavicular scale; po., postorbitals (the large foremost plate of the series lacking) ; pop., preoperculum ; pro., preorbitals; ptt., post-temporal; sc/., supraclavicle; smw., supra- maxilla ; sop., suboperculum ; sg., squamosal ; st., supratemporal. 39. Fiulalo) onweler “ELT ‘1 ‘Te9p PABMPOO NM ‘W'S ‘dure y9ny ‘do “mod XI eteld PAH OX: Fia. Paar. 1. Lepidotus mantelli, Agassiz; occipital portion of skull, abraded below, hinder view and left side view (1 a), nat. size.-— Wealden ; Hastings. Egerton Collection (B. M. no. P. 1124). bo., fragment of basi- occipital; epo., epiotic; evo., exoccipital; /f. m., foramen magnum ; opo., opisthotic ; pro., pro-otic; st., supratemporals ; x., foramen for exit of vagus nerve. 37. 2. Ditto; hyoid arch, two-thirds nat. size-—Upper Purbeck Beds; Perch Mill, Brightling, Sussex. B.M. no. 23624. br., upper branchio- stegal ray; ch., ceratohyal ; eph., epihyal; hyh., hypohyal. 43. 3. Ditto; head in upper and right side view, and remains of jaws in front view (3a), nat. size—Upper Purbeck Beds; Netherfield, Battle, Sussex. HK. J. Baily Collection (Hastings Museum). ag., angular ; co., circumorbitals; d., dentary; jr., frontal; dop., interoperculum ; ma., maxilla; op., operculum; pa., parietal; pmz., premaxilla; po., postorbitals; pop., preoperculum; pro.,preorbitals; ptt., post-temporal; sop., Suboperculum ; sy., squamosal ; st., supratemporals. of. PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, I915. A.S.Woodward, Wealden & Purbeck Fishes. Huth imp G.M Woodward del.et lith Lepidotus. Palxontograpbical Society, 1915. A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRAVES PALALOZOIC ASTEROZOA BY WK sPENCE he MEA. 1-Ga5: PAG) ale Paces 57—108; Puates II—YV. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE PALMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. OctosEr, 1916. PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON AND WEST NEWMAN, LONDON AND DORKING. ey t INTRODUCTION. 57 84. Scoucurer?, C.—