PALAHONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.

INSTITUTED MDCCCXLVII.

LONDON:

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A MONOGRAPH

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE,

CHIEFLY FROM

MINCHINHAMPTON

THE COAST OF YORKSHIRE.

BY

J. MORRIS, F.G.S. ax» JOHN LYCETT.

PAR iE

UNIVALVES.

LONDON :

PRINTED FOR THE PALHONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
1850.

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INTRODUCTION.

x

THe authors of the present Monograph, after due consideration of the materials at
their disposal, have thought fit to limit their illustrations to the Testacea of the Great
or Bath Oolite; a term under which they would include the series of beds situated
between the Fullers-earth strata upon which they repose, and the Bradford clay to which
they are subjacent. ‘lo have enlarged the plan, so as to include the Testacea of the Corn-
brash and Forest marble, would doubtless have been more comprehensive ; but in the
present state of our knowledge, the advantage would have been rather apparent than
real. It will be found that the very few univalves which have been assigned to
those deposits are almost without exception contained likewise in the Great Oolite, and
will be found in the Monograph. It is, moreover, not impossible, that at some future
time a series of univalves may be obtained from the Cornbrash, or Forest marble, differmg
specifically from those of the Great Oolite, m which case a separate Monograph, or an
appendix to the present one, might be given.

It is much to be regretted, that collections of shells should have been procured
from so few situations in the long course of the formation im this country; and when
it is remembered, that the Great Oolite constitutes a member of that series of secondary
rocks which first engaged the attention of geologists, some surprise will mingle with
our regret. The defect, however, would appear to be of easy explanation. ‘The shells
do not lie upon the surface, or become separated from the matrix by the action of
the weather; they are to be procured only by carefully working away the investing
stone when practicable, which is not always the case: there are likewise large areas
constituting, probably, the greater portion of the formation, which are altogether des-
titute of organic remains, or contain only a finely comminuted shelly drift; the areas
containing assemblages of well-preserved shells, would appear to be of small extent, and
the presence of several of these im the vicmity of the residence of one of the authors,
together with the great profusion of undescribed testacea which they have produced,
have constituted the principal inducement to the present attempt of describing them ;
these favorable circumstances have enabled them to ascertain the position and vertical
range of the species with a greater degree of accuracy than would otherwise have
been possible.

Beyond the limits of the Minchinhampton district, the number of species procured

1

vi INTRODUCTION.

has been but inconsiderable ; these latter belong chiefly to Ancliff, and to the vicinity of
Scarborough. ‘The parallelism of the deposits at the two former places would appear
to be well ascertained, but with respect to the rocks which are so extensively exposed
upon the coast of Yorkshire, although the evidence of geological position appears to
be satisfactorily determined, they possess but few mineral features which serve to connect
them with their supposed equivalents in Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, and Somersetshire ;
they constitute a great carboniferous deposit of the Oolitic period, abounding with land
plants, and containing intercalated bands or thin beds of dark gray argillaceous shales,
limestones, and sandstones, containing marine shells, of which only a minority of species
have been identified in other localities. The evidence afforded by the few species of
univalves which have been forwarded to the authors from Scarborough, through the
kindness of Mr. Bean, though not conclusive, tends rather to assimilate them with the
Inferior Oolite ; and it will be perceived on consulting the table of species at the end of
the Monograph, that of the twenty-one Yorkshire species, none have been identified with
Great Oolite shells of Mimchinhampton or Ancliff, but that seven agree specifically with
Inferior Oolite shells of the Cotteswold hills. The Yorkshire deposits to which these
remarks refer constitute the entire series of plant-bearmg beds numbered 11, 12, and 13
in Phillips’s ‘ Geology of Yorkshire,’ reposing on No. 14, or the Dogger, which is proved by
its fossils to be the equivalent of the Inferior Oolite, or at least to a portion of that
formation. Admitting, therefore, the parallelism of the deposits contaimimg somewhat
distinct Faunas, in the north-eastern and south-western parts of the present area of
England, we are naturally led to infer, either that the physical conditions might be favor-
able to the continuance of species in one locality, or that species characteristic of an older
deposit, in a more distant region, may have migrated and lived on during the formation of
a newer deposit in another, the conditions having become unfavorable to the perpetuity
of their development in the latter deposit over the original region whence they had
migrated.”

For the above-mentioned reasons, it has been deemed desirable to separate the

1 The section at Ancliff, near Bradford, is as follows :

Rubble . 5 feet. . . Abounding with Polyparia.

Soft Oolite 15 ,, . . This is the bed celebrated for the Ancliff fossils.

Clay - 1 ,, . . Containing small sponges, and many fragments of shells.
Rag - 63 ,, . . Very coarsely Oolitic.

Soft Oolite 5 ,,
From Mr. Lonsdale’s interesting memoir, “On the Oolitic District of Bath,” in the ‘Geol. Trans.,
p- 252, in which many other sections of the Great Oolite are given, and the range of the deposit in that
neighbourhood is accurately traced.

* Unfortunately the entire character of the fauna of the Great Oolite in the centre of England is not
well ascertained, nor is the range and extent, southerly, of the fluvio-marine conditions of the Yorkshire
Oolite accurately determined. As bearing on this point, the reader is referred to a paper by Captain
L.L. B. Ibbetson and Mr. Morris, “On the Geology of Stamford” (‘ Brit. Assoc. Rep.,’ 1847, p. 127).
The subject of migration of species, during the Oolitic epoch, is ably treated in a valuable memoir by
M. Gressly, ‘Observations Geologiques sur la Jura Soleurois.’

’ vol. iii,

INTRODUCTION. vil

Yorkshire shells from those of the West of England, and to have them figured on separate
plates, as by this arrangement it is trusted that confusion will be avoided, whatever may
ultimately be determined with regard to the position of these deposits.

It will be observed that several characteristic groups of shells have been arranged
into new genera and sub-genera, the knowledge of which, it is believed, will conduce
materially to the identification of the members of the lower Oolitic system of rocks ; of
these Ceritella, Brachytrema, Alaria, Cylindrites, and Trochotoma, are likewise represented
in the Inferior Oolite, but by other species ; in no instance has any species of these genera
been found common to the two formations. Other genera occur whose species are equally
characteristic of the two formations ; the table of comparison at the end of the memoir will
indeed serve to show how small a number of the spiral univalves are really common to both
formations ; with the Patelloidea the case is somewhat different, but the entire number,
excluding the Yorkshire species, is very small; a fact the more worthy of notice as a much
larger number of the bivalves are common to both, or if capable of being separated, can
only be regarded as sub-species, or varieties of the same species. ‘The literature of the
science has hitherto been singularly deficient in illustrations of English Great Oolite
univalves ; Lhwyd’s ‘ Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia’ contains a few ; Conybeare and
Phillips, in their ‘Geology of England and Wales,’ p. 210, enumerate three species.
Sowerby’s ‘ Mineral Conchology’ contains thirteen, one only of which is from the Min-
chinhampton district. Mr. Lonsdale’s paper on the ‘ Oolitic district of the neighbourhood
of Bath’ has only three identified species. In Prof. Phillips’s ‘ Geology of Yorkshire,’ (part
I, p. 123,) fifteen species of wnivalves are enumerated, which are reproduced in Mr.
Williamson’s paper on the ‘ Yorkshire Oolites,? but without descriptions. Dr. Fitton’s notice
of the strata at Stonesfield* gives an accurate enumeration of the different beds, but with few
organic remains. In the paper by Capt. L. L. B. Ibbetson and Mr. Morris, on the
‘Geology of Stamford,’* a few univalves are mentioned ; and, lastly, in the ‘ Geology of Chel-
tenham,’ edited by Messrs. Strickland and Buckman, a list is given from the Stonesfield
slate of Hast Gloucestershire of six Echinodermata, or at least fragments of them, and
nineteen gasteropoda, remains of which, however, are sometimes very imperfect.* It may be

'Geol. Trans., 2d Ser., vol. v, Part i, p. 240. 2 Zool. Journal, vol. iii.
3 Brit. Assoc. Reports, 1847.

4 The following is a section of the quarry on Sevenhampton Common, whence most of the fossils were
obtained :

Soil . ; : ‘ . - 2 feet.
A yellow clay, of a somewhat soapy feel, very rich in fossil shells . 6 ,,
Ragstone, similar to the Stonesfield slate 5 — ,, 4 inches.
Thin seam of soft stone, with Ostrea acuminata, and ial joints of
Apiocrinites : : ‘ tr eS ,
Blue marl 5 é < : 3 apa ltell of
Ragstone a . : . SCY a8
Stonesfield slate ‘ ‘ : 4 ree!

Fullers-earth

vill INTRODUCTION,

gathered from these details, that in undertaking the present work, the authors have neces-
sarily, toa great extent, entered upon an unexplored field of study,—have been compelled
to investigate the relations of forms which, in very many instances, have only recently been
brought under their notice, and respecting whose analogues some doubt or difference of
opinion may occasionally exist: with a sincere desire to avoid error, they have in every
instance rejected species of which the examples were imperfect or doubtful.

It is with pleasure and gratitude they acknowledge the assistance which they have
received in the prosecution of their task, and their thanks are especially due to Professor
Edward Forbes, for his valuable memoir on the Echinodermata; to D. Sharpe, Hsq., for his
copious notes on the Nerinez, and other valuable suggestions ; to Wm. Bean, Esq., of Scar-
borough ; to M. Bouchard, of Boulogne ; to Professor Tennant, F.G.S.; to S. V. Wood, Esq.,
F.G.S.; to Professor Buckman; to — Bravender, Esq., of Cirencester ; and to J. Bentley,
Esq., of Stamford, for the loan of specimens for comparison and figurmg: to M. A.
Buvignier, of Verdun, for his little work on the *‘ Oolitic Fossils of the Ardennes ;’—also
for the opportunities afforded them in consulting the important collections of the Viscomte
D’Archiac; J. Baber, Esq., F.G.S.; J. S. Bowerbank, Esq., F.R.S.; J. G. Lowe, Esq. of
Chippenham; Rev. P. B. Brodie, F.G.S.; E. H. Bunbury, Esq., M.P., F.G.S.; S. P.
Pratt, Esq., F.R.S.; and to Professor E. Deslongchamps, of Caen, for his obliging kindness
in forwarding to them a-suite of specimens typical of some of the species figured by him
in a series of memoirs, containing many valuable observations, published in the seventh and
eighth volumes of the ‘Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie ;’ as well as to
J. de Carle Sowerby, Esq., for the loan of many of the original specimens described in the
‘ Mineral Conchology ;’ and to G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., and S. P. Woodward, Esq., for the
facilities afforded to the authors in their examination of the species contained in the National
Collection. ‘To the artists, Messrs. Bailey and C. R. Bone, of the Ordnance Geological
Survey, the authors tender their acknowledgments for the pains they have taken in the
general accuracy of the lithographs.

A MONOGRAPH

OF THE

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

GENERAL GEOLOGICAL REMARKS.

Tae Minchinhampton district of the Great Oolite has produced by far the greater
number of our illustrative specimens ; and as the formation at that locality exhibits features
of a very varied as well as comprehensive character, we may be excused for entering
somewhat more into detail in our remarks upon it. The Great Oolite in this portion of
Gloucestershire constitutes the uppermost rock of the Cotteswold Hills; it everywhere
overlies the Fullers-earth, which, in turn, reposes upon the uppermost beds of the Inferior
Oolite ;—there is, therefore, a regular unbroken sequence of the Oolite rocks exposed on
the flanks of the various deep valleys of denudation which pervade the district. The
physical features of the district are strongly marked ; the larger valleys have a mean depth
of about 500 feet, and exhibit what can scarcely be met with in any other part of England ;
a single unbroken declivity comprising the Great Oolite, Fullers-earth, Inferior Oolite, and
upper portion of the Lias. The Inferior Oolite at these escarpments has a thickness of about
230 feet, the Fullers-earth of 70 feet, and the different beds of Great Oolite of 120 feet; but
of these latter, only about the lower 40 feet anywhere approach to the brow of the escarp-
ments. ‘The narrow and deep vale of Chalford, with its lateral branches, intersects the
strike of the Great Oolite, and divides the fossiliferous portion of the district into two parts ;
another and wider valley, further south, likewise intersects the strike of the formation. In
this are situated the villages of Woodchester, Hailsworth, and Avening; but here the
amount of denudation, horizontally, has been more extensive; and as the Great Oolite is
likewise much less fossiliferous, it need only be adverted to as supplying many additional
positions, where the rock can conveniently be quarried by open-work excavations. It will,
therefore, be perceived that the natural features of the district eminently conduce to the
study of its organic remains.

2 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

The mineral masses which constitute this series of beds are exclusively of marine origin,
the varying character of their organic contents being connected both with the mineral
character of the deposit spread upon the floor of the ancient sea, and with its depth.
These deposits may be conveniently divided into three groups :

Ist. The Weatherstones ; 2d. The Sandstones ; and 3d. The Limestones.

The weatherstones, which are situated at the base of the formation, average about
40 feet in thickness. They consist of shelly sandstones, abounding with crystalline
carbonate of lime, and having Oolitic grains irregularly and sparingly distributed throughout
their mass. The variety of mineral character is so great, that no two quarries, or beds of
the same quarry, or even distant parts of the same bed, are alike in structure, aspect,
hardness, durability, or im the abundance of their included organic relics; and they appear
to have constituted a deposit both littoral and formed in a shallow sea, exposed to the
influence of tides and currents. The beds, which are sometimes of considerable thickness,
consist of layers of testacea, in a fragmentary state, piled confusedly, but forming, obliquely,
laminated surfaces, often imterrupted and crossed by others which proceed in different
directions. The shelly relics often constitute a considerable proportion of the whole mass ;
they are converted into crystalline carbonate of lime, which frequently fills the interior of
the univalves; and it is to the abundance of this mineral, disseminated everywhere, that
the weatherstones owe their superior durability upon exposure to the atmosphere. As a
general rule, therefore, the beds which contain the greatest abundance of shells are those
which are most fitted to resist the action of frost; water percolates their structure in much
smaller quantity, and more slowly, and, on escaping, carries away but little lime in
solution. The open joints of the Great Oolite, adjacent to the shelly beds, are therefore
nearly free from the large stalactitical masses which load the joints of the freestone in the
Inferior Oolite.’ With the testaceous fragments are associated shells in a perfect condition,
though frequently worn and abraded, the valves of the conchifera being rarely in apposition ;
also, palatal bones and teeth of fishes, portions of crustacea, spines of cidaris, ossicula of
pentacrinites and asterias, rolled fragments of zoophytes, and dicotyledonous wood, the
partitions of the beds disclosing not unfrequently the ripple-marks of a beach, It might
be imagined that beds of such a ‘littoral character would be unsuited to the propagation
and development of the Cephalopoda ; and it will occasion no surprise when we find that

1 For economic purposes, the weatherstones are valuable on account of their durability. In proof of
this, we may refer to the good state of preservation which the ancient part of the church at Minchinhampton
exhibits, and which shows a care and judgment in the selection of materials not always to be found in
modern edifices. It is rather a singular fact, that Caen and Minchinhampton, the two places which have
produced by far the most extensive series of Great Oolite shells, are connected historically as well as geologically.
Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, founded the nuns of the Holy Trinity at Caen, of which body one
of her daughters became a member. William endowed them with the manor of Minchinhampton, at which
place they had a religious establishment. They built the church, and dedicated it to the Holy Trinity.
It would seem that William despoiled the Saxon Countess Goda of the manor, which she possessed in the
time of Edward the Confessor, and bestowed it upon the favorites of his wife.

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE. 3

examples of this class of carnivorous mollusks are here few, both as to number of species
and of individuals. ‘This fact, together with the circumstance that they do not mark any
particular stratum, renders it highly probable that they were not associated, when living,
with the denizens’ of these shelly beds, but, like dead shells of the recent Spirule,
individuals occasionally floated upon the surface, and were wafted to some coast or shelly
strand, often very distant from their real habitat. With the chambered shells such oceur-
rences may have been common; the air-tight little vessel, separated by decomposition from
the animal, would ride upon the wave, and only suffer injury upon striking the ground of
the beach. A consideration of the gregareous habits of the several families of recent, and
probably also of extinct Cephalopoda, would lead us to regard an occasional stray individual
as having travelled from some colony more or less distant ; but the beds of closely-packed
Ammonites, of every stage of growth, which occur in certain of the Jurassic rocks, would
appear to be the effect of occasional rapid earthy deposits, which took place during that
seasonal period when the Mollusks, lying torpid and contracted within their shells, were
at once entombed in that condition. We have also an explanation of the perfect condition
which the Ammonites of these beds usually exhibit; the place of retirement would be
exempt from the turbulence of a shallow sea, and exposed only to the deposit of mud or
other fine sediment, which would protect the shells from injury. In the few Ammonites
and Nautili of the weatherstone beds, we see the reverse of these conditions ;—those large
and fragile shells, exposed in that detrital deposit to every kind of attrition and accident,
are very rarely perfect ; seldom more than two continuous chambers can be found which
have not been invaded by earthy sediment, and often large portions of shell are wanting
altogether. The paucity of the Brachiopoda in these beds is also worthy of notice. Three
species of Terebratula are found associated with nearly 400 species of Mollusks; and
certain genera, which are peculiarly prominent in the Oolitic rocks generally, are mostly
absent ; of these genera, the Pholadomyze, Homomyz, Cercomyze, Myopsides, Gresslyz or
Pleuromye, the Arcomye and Ceromyz, being exceedingly rare. The greater number of
these genera are not uncommon in the limestones or upper beds of the Great Oolite, and
occasionally, also, in the lower beds or sandstones, when they are separate from any shelly
deposit.

The section of the shelly beds, exhibited by the great quarry upon Minchinhampton
Common, affords a clear view of their distinctive characters and order of superposition.
The upper part consists of thinly-laminated stone, five or six feet in thickness ; to this
succeeds the beds usually termed planking, a designation implying a thin bedded stone,
out occasionally consisting of beds of great thickness : fourteen feet would appear to be
their utmost thickness. 'They mark the downward limit of our new genus Purpuroidea,
in the lowest bed of which it is very abundant.

An uncertain and variable stratum, of a few inches, of sandy marl next succeeds, in
which the few casts of bivalve shells hitherto found have the valves in apposition. To this
succeeds thin-bedded yellowish sandstones, nearly destitute of shells, and worthless for

4 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

economic purposes; their thickness is about twelve feet. A soft, shelly sandstone, called
oven-stone, next occurs: the shells increase in quantity downwards: about six feet will
represent its thickness. To this succeeds the weatherstones, consisting of several beds, the
aggregate thickness of which is about six feet. These lower beds are very shelly ; but, owing
to the greater hardness of the matrix, specimens cannot be extracted in any considerable
number. The blue or brown clays of the Fullers-earth support the weatherstones, without
any appearance of Stonesfield slate. It is also absent in several other limited shelly
deposits ; but, as a general rule, throughout the district, the Great Oolite, near to its base,
has one or more beds, which possess all the essential characters of Stonesfield slate. A little
higher in the series than the shelly beds, the limestones océur which cover continuously a
very considerable area upon both sides of the vale of Chalford, and continue upwards, with
various modifications of character, even to the Bradford clay. The lowest of this series is
a very compact cream-coloured semi-siliceous, but argillaceous limestone, four feet thick,
divided into two beds. It is usually destitute of organic remains; but in some localities
contains casts of species of Purpuroidea, of several species of Natica; and, also, at a single
locality, a dense colony of our new genus Pachyrisma, which has not hitherto been found
in any other stratum. ‘This limestone extends even to the vicinity of Cirencester, and was
employed by the Romans to form tessare for their pavements, as noticed by Messrs.
Buckman and Newmarch, in their new work on Cormium.' The base line of the white
limestone is 60 feet above the Fullers-earth at Minchinhampton, and 45 feet, four miles to
the east of that place, near to the railway (Sapperton tunnel); the measurements have
been obtained by well-sinkings. Above this rock occurs a series of pale brown or
chocolate-coloured limestones, sometimes compact, sometimes sandy, having between them
an occasional uncertain band of marly clay. These clays are always fossiliferous, abounding
in casts of bivalve shells, which have both valves generally united. The uppermost 40 feet
of this series, owing to the worthless character of the stone, is very imperfectly exposed,
our knowledge of it being chiefly derived from pits of no great size, opened for the repair
of the roads. The eastern extremity of the railway tunnel (Sapperton) offers an extensive
section of these beds, but their position does not allow of their bemg studied, except at a
distance. The white limestone is exposed about the middle of the section. One of the
road-side excavations, two miles east of Minchinhampton, and 90 feet above the Fullers-
earth, has two beds of sandy limestone which is more than usually fossiliferous, they
expose sections of Nerinea, Pterocera, Natica, Cylindrites, Bulla, Purpuroidea, several of
the Echinodermata, &c. The bivalves, which are more numerous, comprise Pholadomya,
Homomya, Ceromya, Lucina, and Cercomya. The shell is preserved in the condition of
crystalline lime, but the interior mould only can be extracted entire. At three miles and
a half east of Minchinhampton, a large excavation has a band of brown clay, which abounds
with Zerebratula mazillata, being almost the only fossil. This band is 115 feet above the

1 <Tllustrations of the remains of Roman art in Cirencester, the site of Antient Corinium,’ by Professor
Buckman, F.G.S., and W. C. Newmarch. London, 1850.

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE. 5

Fullers-earth. In another direction, one mile south-east of the town, is a marly band,
containing a dense colony of a species of Terebratula, which is likewise the sole fossil
observed. ‘This isolation of the Terebratule is worthy of notice; they occur but as a few
stray individuals in the shelly beds of the formation: in one instance, indeed, a shelly quarry
at Bussage, a little to the north of the vale of Chalford, contains a large assemblage of a
smooth, undescribed species, but at that place the other genera suddenly disappear, and the
Terebratule are either alone or accompanied only by a few small bivalve shells. ‘The
Bradford clay, marked by the Terebratula digona, has not been discovered nearer than the
cuttings at the Tetbury road station, eight miles distant. The Great Oolite has now been
traced upwards throughout the Minchinhampton district, but there yet remains a sub-
division of the formation to be noticed; this consists of sandstones, nearly worthless’ for
economic purposes, and of but little mterest to the Palontologist; they constitute the entire
series of beds which underlie the limestones, and usually terminate. downwards in Stones-
field slate, or have one or two beds which approach the slate in mineral character. These
sandstones must be regarded as merely continuations of the Weatherstone beds, but are nearly
or quite destitute of shelly detritus and crystalline structure ; for it is a curious but un-
doubted fact that the shelly weatherstones never have the limestones ncumbent upon them.
All the quarrymen are aware of the fact from the experience which they have gained in the
numerous trials for weatherstone. At Bussage an instance may be seen of a weatherstone
quarry passing into a worthless sandstone on approaching the area covered by the lime-
stone ; occasionally, indeed, the sandstones disclose a cluster of Pholadomye, and in the
vicinity of the Stonesfield slate contain some other bivalves which are never found in the
shelly beds. Occasionally over some small areas good serviceable quarries of weatherstone
are worked in situations where scarcely a single perfect shell can be procured ; there is then
a dense, finely comminuted, shelly detritus, and the rock abounds with calcareous spar, and
becomes thick bedded ; several quarries of this description have been worked in the parish
of Avening with good success ; in this condition the rock presents an exact counterpart to the
general aspect of the freestone beds in the middle portion of the Inferior Oolite in Gloucester-
shire, except that perhaps in the latter formation the oolitic grains are rather more abundant.

One of the most forcible impressions conveyed to the mind by a survey of the testacea
of this formation, when compared with that of the other members of the oolitic system, is
the great scarcity of the Cephalopoda, so few indeed are they, that the entire number procured
during the last twelve years may almost be counted. For this scarcity we think we can per-
ceive a compensation in the appearance of several genera of zoophagous gasteropods, in such
numbers as must effectually have checked any undue predominance which might have been
acquired by the phytiphagous mollusca, in the absence of the Cephalopoda. When the
Phasianellz and Naticee, which are now known to be zoophagous, are added to our species
of flesh-eating mollusca, it will at once be perceived how amply nature provided for the
maintenance of the balance of the testaceous animals during the deposition of the Great Oolite
of England. The great mass of the testacea are bivalves, and in species they exceed, by

about one fourth, the united number of the Gasteropoda, Cephalopoda, and Echinodermata.
9

~

6 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

SUB-KINGDOM—MOLLUSCA.

CLass—CEPHALOPODA. Cuvier.

CrpHaLoropes, Lamarck; Férussac.
CrpHaLopHores, De Blainville.

The remains of the Cephalopodous mollusca may generally be considered of extreme
rarity in the Great Oolite, in proportion to their abundance in the Inferior Oolite, and Lias
below, and the Kelloway rock and Oxford clay above that formation. Limited, however,
as the numbers were of the class at this particular period, the two principal orders into
which naturalists have divided the Cephalopoda, viz., the Dibranchiata and Tetrabranchiata,
were at that time fairly represented in the Nautilus, Ammonite, and Belemnite, the two
latter genera bemg well known as typical and characteristic of the secondary period of
geologic history.

Class.' Order. Group. Family. Genus.
Dibranchiata. Oigopside. Belemnitide. Belemnites.
Cephalopoda. (Acetabulifera, D’Orb.)
Tetrabranchiata. { Nautilidee. Nautilus.
(Tentaculifera, D’Orb.) asantorisbey Ammonites.

ORDER — DIBRANCHIATA. Oven.
Family—BELEMNITIDE.

Beiemnites, Lhrhart, 1727. Lam., Blainv., Voltz, D’ Orb., &e.

Navutitus BeLemnita, Gmelin.

AcaMas, ACHELOIs, CaLLIRHOE, CETOCIS, CHrysaor, HrpoLitHes, PactirEs,
Poropracus, THaLtamus, De Montfort, 1808.

NorosipHires, GASTROSIPHITES, Duval.

BELEMNITES, PSEUDOBELUS, Blainville, 1827.

BevLemnita, Fleming, 1828.

An elongated, conical, or fusiform body, of a radiated fibrous structure (the osselet,
or guard), solid posteriorly, and more or less pointed (the rostrum); anteriorly pro-

' For a concise and interesting account of the general characters and classification of the Cephalopoda,
the reader is referred to a previous Monograph, by Mr. F. Edwards, ‘On the Eocene Mollusca,’ Part I,
Cephalopoda.

CEPHALOPODA. i

duced, truncated and furnished with a deep conical cavity (the alveolus), containing the
distal portion of a horny or fibro-calcareous chambered shell (the phragmacone), perforated
on the ventral part by a marginal siphuncle, and from the dorso-lateral margins of the
anterior extremity of which shell proceed two elongated, slender, testaceous processes ; the
whole body being invested with a thin, testaceous, or corneo-calcareous integument (the
capsule, or periostricum).'

* On the subject of the Belemnite and allied forms, the reader is referred to the Memoir by Professor
Owen, in the ‘Phil. Trans.,’ 1844, p. 65; and the interesting papers in the same work, by G. A. Mantell,
Esq., LL.D., ‘Phil. Trans.,’ 1848, p. 171, and 1850, p. 393; also to the ‘ Paleontologie Francaise, Terrains
Jurassiques,’ p. 40, by M. A. D’Orbigny.

In corroboration of the interesting facts cited by Dr. Mantell, respecting the continuation of the
phragmacone of the Belemnite, we quote the following graphic statement of a writer of the last century as
bearing on the subject. The remarks are contained in an account descriptive of the sinking of a well at
Montbard, in 1774.

«There were, moveover, great numbers of Belemnites, all conical, the largest being from 7 to 8 inches
long. They were pointed like an arrow at one end, and the other terminated irregularly, and was flattened,
as if they had been crushed. They were brown, both on the outside and inside, and were formed of a
material, arranged internally in transverse or radiating striee, which met at the axis of the Belenmite. This
axis was, in all, rather eccentric, and marked from one extremity to the other by a fine white line. When-
ever the Belemnite attained a certain size, the base contained a small cone, more or less long, made up of
cells, in the form of plates set one within the other (as in Nautili). The white line ended at the summit of
the cone. This small cone was invested along its whole length by a yellowish crustaceous pellicle, extremely
thin, although composed of several layers; and the body of the Belemnite (with a radiating structure),
which enclosed the whole, became thin in proportion as the diameter of the cone increased. Such,
generally, was the character of the Belemnites which were found mingled with the soil thrown out of the
shaft, and which character is common to all those of this species. In order to ascertain the position which
the Belemnites occupied in the beds, several portions were softened carefully, and it was found that they all
laid flat, and parallel with the beds. What most astonished us, and what has not hitherto been noticed, was
this, that we then perceived, that to the extremity of the base of all the Belemnites, was attached an
appendage of a yellowish colour, composed of a substance like that of the shells, and which was shaped like
the widened part of a funnel which had been flattened. Many of these were two inches long, one inch
broad at the further end, and about six lines at the point where they were attached to the Belemnite. In
examining closely this shelly or crustaceous prolongation (which was so delicate that it could scarcely be
touched without breaking), I observed that this part of the Belemnite, which has not hitherto been recog-
nised, is nothing more than the continuation of the thin shell or crust which covers the little chambered
cone, of which I have already spoken; so that it may be said, that all Belemnites which are at present to
be found in collections of Natural History are imperfect ; and that the portion we are acquainted with is
only, as it were, the case or covering of a portion of the shell which at one time enclosed the animal.”

Buffon, ‘Epochs de la Nature,’ i, Epoch 5, p. 143.

‘ Historie des Mineraux, des argiles et de glaises,’ vi, p. 122.

The above passage is translated from the ‘Explication de la Carte Geologique de France,’ tom. 2,
p. 350.

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

igo)

BeLemnites Fusirormis, Park. Plate I, figs. 6, 8.

BELEMNITES FUSIFORMIS, Park. Org. Rem. iii, p. 127, t. 8, f. 13, 1811.
— = Miller. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, ii, p. 61, t. 8, f. 22, t. 9,
figs. 5, 7.
== — Brown. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 41, t. 29, f. 14.
— — Flem. Brit. Anim., p. 240.
— Fievrtausus, D'Oré. Pal. Franc. Terr. Jur., p. 11, t. 13, figs. 14-18.
_— — Buckman. Geol. of Chelt., t. 3, f. 9.

B. Testa elongata, gracili, anticé compressa, attenuata, posticé depressd, acutissimd
subtus longitudinaliter sulcatd, sulco postice, anticéque non interrupto ; aperturd compressa.
(D’Orb.)

An elongated, smooth, somewhat fusiform Belemnite, somewhat compressed anteriorly
and depressed posteriorly, terminating in a rather sharp point; marked throughout the
whole length by a deep single uninterrupted furrow, slightly enlarged towards the point of
the rostrum. Alveolar cavity occupying about a fourth of the length. There is some
slight confusion respecting this species, which is undoubtedly the shell alluded to by
Parkinson in the work above cited, and described by Miller as coming from the Stonesfield
slate, near Woodstock. The specimens figured (PI. I, figs. 6—8), are from that locality. It
appears also to be identical with the B. Flewriausus, D’Orb., which is found in the Great
Oolite in the environs of Lucon (Vendée). We are further confirmed in this opinion by the
fact that Professor Buckman has identified and figured, in the work above referred to, a
Belemnite under the name of B. Flewriausus, as occurring in the Stonesfield slate of Glou-
cestershire, which is identical with our shell from the same deposit in Oxfordshire, the
latter being the original locality from which the species was first obtained. The con-
fusion appears to have arisen from the English specimens having been confounded with the
B. hastatus, Blainville (Hidolithes, Montfort), from the Oxford clay, at least it is so quoted
by M. D’Orbigny ( Pal. Franc. Terr. Jur.’ p. 121), and also by Bronn (‘ Index Paleon-
tolog.,’ p. 156), an opinion that Mr. Miller may possibly have induced, inasmuch as he also
considered De Montfort’s species to be synonymous with the B. fusiformis.

Locality. The Stonesfield slate of Stonesfield ; and Eyeford near Cheltenham.

Bretemnires Bessinus, D’Ord. Plate I, figs. 5, 7.

Betemnites Bessinus, D’Orb. Pal. Franc. Terr. Jur., p. 111, t. 13, f. 14-18.
— CANALICULATUS, Buckman. Geol. of Chelt., p. 71, t. 3, fig. 8.

B. Testa elongata, anticé compressa, postice depressd, subtus longitudinaliter sulcata,
sulco posticé interrupto, aperturd compressa. (D’Orb.)

An elongated, smooth, very slightly fusiform shell anteriorly compressed, posteriorly
depressed, marked throughout the whole length by a furrow which is wider, and slightly
divided towards the point.

CEPHALOPODA. 9

The specimen figured appears to be the same as the B. Bessinus, D’Orb., from the Inferior
Oolite of Port-en-Bessin (Calvados) ; the general proportions are similar, about eight times
as long as wide, and the division of the furrow may be faintly traced in some specimens.
It is probably identical with the shell figured by Professor Buckman (loc. cit.) as B. cana-
hicatus, Schlot., but that species is stated by M. D’Orbigny to have an equally impressed
furrow, whereas, in our specimens, it is always expanded towards the point of the rostrum.

Locality, The Stonesfield slate of Stonesfield, and Sevenhampton near Cheltenham.

ORDER—TETRABRANCHIATA. Owen.
Family—NavtTiLipa&.

Naurtinus, Linneus.

Brsreuttns, Oceanus, De Montfort.
Ompuatia, De Haan.
Navutiuites, Sehlotheim.

A discoidal, convoluted, multilocular shell, compressed or ventricose, with contiguous
volutions, the last one generally concealing the others, septa transverse, concave, and some-
times sinuous, with entire margins, more or less centrally perforated in their disc.

Navtiuus pispansus. Plate II, figs. 5, 5a.

NV. Testé subglobosd, late umbilicatd, anfractibus rotundatis, lateraliter subcarinatis ;
apertura dilatatd, subovali ; septis (2), siphunculo (?).

A somewhat globose and smooth shell, with rapidly mereasing volutions, and a large
and rather deep umbilicus, exposing the previous volutions ; umbilicus occupying about
one third of the diameter of the shell; volutions rounded on the back, and slightly cari-
nated towards the base by the obliquely flattened form of the outer margin of the
umbilicus. Aperture expanded, arched, semi-ovate, wider than high.

Septa and Siphuncle not visible in the specimen described.

Diameter of the aperture ; 6 Finches
Height of the qs 5 ; 33;
Volutions increase in size (increasing pent 2 in the

volution), from. : 24 to 63 in.
Height of re-entering volution 1 RS

This species is closely related to JV. excavatus, Sune » ‘Min. Con.’ tab. 529, f. 1, from the
Inferior Oolite of Dorsetshire ; but it is readily distinguished from it by the more oval form
of the aperture ; the width of the umbilical opening, in proportion to the diameter, is also

10 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

different, being in JV. dispansus about one third, and in JV. excavatus about the half of
the diameter of the shell ; the form also of the umbilical cavity varies in the two species ; in
NV. excavatus, the sides of the cavity are regularly conical, as shown in Mr. Sowerby’s figure,
above quoted, and in the ‘ Pal. Fran. Terrains Jurassiques,’ t. 30 ; in JV. dispansus the outer
margin of the umbilicus is obliquely flattened, or subconical, the inner side being
rather steep.

A single specimen only has been found of this species in the shelly beds of the Great
Oolite near Minchinhampton.

Navtitus Baserrt. Plate I, figs. 1, 1a.

N. Testa discoided, compressa, levigatd, subumbilicatd ; anfractibus angulatis, com-
pressis ; apertura compressd subquadrata ; septis viv sinuosis ; siphunculo (?)

A compressed, smooth shell, or only slightly marked by the lines of growth, with
angular embracing volutions, leaving but a faint trace of an umbilical cavity ; aperture
somewhat quadrilateral, narrowed above, and wider than it is long; the septa are slightly
sinuous, curving towards the umbilicus and outer margin.

This species is allied to JV. truncatus, Sow., from the Lias, but is distinguished by the
form of the mouth, and character of the septa.

Locality. Great Oolite near Minchinhampton.

We have much pleasure in dedicating this species to our friend, James Baber, Esq., of
Knightsbridge, whose interesting collection of fossil remains is always liberally opened to -

public view.

NaUTILUs sUBTRUNCATUS. Plate I, figs. 2, 2a.

N. Testa discoided, inflata, levigatd, sulcatd, subimperforata ; anfractibus rotundatis
(jun.), subangulatis (adulta) ; aperturd depressd, subquadratd ; septis (2), siphunculo (?).

A smooth, or slightly furrowed, and somewhat inflated shell, with rounded and
embracing volutions in the young state, which become truncate, or subquadrate, in the adult,
and having a very shallow, or slightly impressed, umbilicus. Aperture about twice as
wide as it is high, flattened above, and somewhat compressed laterally.

This shell has the general form of the WV. /atidorsatus, D’Orb. ‘Terr. Jur.’ t. 24, but the
broad umbilicus and more quadrate form of the young shell in that species readily
distinguish them. This species belongs to the section of imperforate Nautili, of which
NV. truncatus, Sow., N. clausus, D’Orb., are examples ; a group, the species of which were
not apparently very numerous during the Jurassic period.

Locality. Great Oolite near Minchinhampton.

CEPHALOPODA. 11

ORDER—TETRABRANCHIATA.
Familyj—AMMONITIDE.

Ammonites, Brugiere. 1789.

OpuropomoRPHITEs, Plott.

PLANORBITES, ORBULITES, GLOBITES, PLANULITES, Lam.
AmALtTHEUS, PLanutitEes, De Montfort.

PLANITES, GLopitEs, De Haan.

Nautiius, Arconauta, Reinecke.

AMMONITA, ORBULITA (pars.), Fleming.

A more or less discoidal, multilocular shell, with contiguous volutions; volutions
generally visible, septa transverse, with sinuated edges, perforated by a single tube, situated
close to the outer margin.

AmMonitEs sus-contractus. Plate II, figs. 1, la, jun., figs. 2, 2a.

A, Testé discoided, subglobosd, costatd, umbilicatd, anfractibus involutis, rotundatis
compressis, lateribus 16—18 costatis, costis obtusis bi-trifurcatis, in dorsum continuis ;
apertura semiellipticad subcontractd ; umbilico magno, excavato, subconica.

A sub-globose, deeply umbilicated, and costated shell, with sixteen to eighteen obtuse
ridges (tubercles?) surrounding the margin of the umbilical cavity, from each of which
three or four smaller costa pass over the somewhat depressed and rounded back.
Aperture, semi-elliptical.

Proportion of umbilicus to diameter, rather more than one-half. Diameter, 5 inches.
Thickness, 3 inches. Height of aperture, 13 inches, twice as wide as it is high.

The specimen from which our figure is taken has been much worn by clearmg it
from the original matrix, but a careful examination discloses the prominent marginal coste,
as well as the smaller ones which arise from them and pass over the back.

In the umbilicus, the marginal costz are well exhibited, which in the young state were
more compressed, and continued on the inner side of the cavity.

This species is distinguished from the Ammon. coronatus, Brug., by its more globose
form, less conical umbilicus, and the more arched and less expanded aperture. It is closely
allied to Am. contractus, Sow., and in a young state might be mistaken for that species ;
but the ribs are larger and not so numerous or elevated ; the less embracing volutions, and
the more contracted form of the aperture in the adult shell, are also characters by which it
may be distinguished.

Unfortunately the determination of the species, and their varieties of the Ammonites in
the Great Oolite of Minchinhampton, is rendered extremely difficult, in consequence of the
great rarity of specimens, and their state of preservation, rarely allowing the least trace of
the sinuated edges of the septa to be observed.

MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

bond
tw

AmMONITES ARBUSTIGERUS, D’Ord. Plate II, figs. 4, 4a.

AMMONITES ARBUSTIGERUS, D’Orb. 1848. Pal. Frang., Terr. Jur., p. 414, t. 143.
—_ — D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 296.

A. Testa compressa, anfractibus rotundatis, latis, lateribus convexis transversim 22
costatis ; costis obtusis bi-trifurcatis vel intermediis, dorso subsconvexo ; apertura oblonga,
compressa.

A discoidal, costated shell, with somewhat convex and gradually increasing volutions ;
umbilicus large : the principal costz are obtusely rounded, and about twenty-two in number,
bifurcating as they pass over the back, having occasionally an intermediate mb; back
convex ; aperture oblong.

Locality. n the Great Oolite of Minchinhampton, and described by M. D’Orbigny
as occurring both in the Great and Inferior Oolite of Normandy.

Ammonites MACROCEPHALUS, Sch/oth., var. Plate I, figs. 3, 3a.

AMMONITES MACROCEPHALUS, Schloth. 1813. Min. Tasch. vii, p. 70.

— Schloth. 1820. Petref., p. 70, No. 16.

= — Zieten. 1850. Pet. Wurtemberg, t. 5, f. 1, 4.

— = D Orbigny. 1848. Pal. Franc. Terr. Jur., p. 430, t. 151.
= _ D Orbigny. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 127.

A. Testé discoided, sub-globosd, anfractibus involutis, rotundatis, costatis: costis
20—30 obtusis, medio laterum bifurcatis ; apertura semi-ellipticd ; umbihco subcontracto.

An inflated, or somewhat globose shell, with rather depressed volutions, and a narrow
and deep umbilicus, from the margin of which arise about twenty to thirty obtuse ribs,
which bifurcate in passing over the back. Back convex ; aperture semi-elliptical.

We have ventured to assign our specimens to the Ammonites macrocephalus of
Schlotheim, although their imperfect state of preservation renders this identification
somewhat doubtful. The specimens of this species hitherto obtained by us from the
Oolite, are always in the state of casts, and very much eroded, so that the principal ribs
which surround the umbilical cavity, are nearly obliterated, as shown in the figure,
tab. 2, fig. 3.

Locality. Great Oolite near Minchinhampton.

Ammonites Graciuis, Buckman. Pilate I, figs. 3, 3a.
AmMONITES GRACILIS, Buckman. 1845. Geol. of Chelt., p. 104, t. 3, fig. 6.

A. Testa discoided, compressa, anfractibus ovatis lateribus sub-complanatis, transversim
30—40 costatis ; costis bi-trifurcatis vel intermediis, in dorsum continuis, apertura ovata,
sub-sagittata.

A discoidal, compressed, ribbed Ammonite, with six to eight oval, slowly creasing

CEPHALOPODA. 13

volutions, the last formed partly concealing the previous ones, with about thirty to forty
rounded or obtuse and nearly straight ribs on the inner margin, which generally become
_ bi- or trifureate about the middle of the volution, and some pass over the back, giving it
a costated appearance; the ribs, however, are not aways confluent, an intermediate one
frequently arising about the middle of the volution; from the manner in which each
volution is enveloped, the previous ones only exhibit the simple costa, as seen in the
specimen figured at Tab. I, fig. 3. The aperture is semi-ovate and compressed. The
sinuosities of the septa are not to be traced with any degree of accuracy, but they appear
generally to resemble those indicated by D’Orbigny. ‘Terr. Jurass.,’ t. 148. (4m. Bakerie.)

Differmg as our figure’ does from that given by Prof. Buckman in the ‘Geology of
Cheltenham,’ we have no doubt of the identity of the specimens, having been enabled,
through the kindness of that gentleman, to compare the original form. All the
specimens we have examined of this species are more or less compressed, and this cause
may have partly influenced the peculiar saggitate form of the aperture in the individual
shell selected by Prof. Buckman for illustration.

The costes which ornament this shell in the young state, and for a considerable period
of its growth, become partially obsolete in a more advanced stage. Perfect specimens of
this shell, showing the fact, are excessively rare, but we have collected large fragments of
this species on Sevenhampton common, in which the character is clearly exhibited

Locality. The specimen figured is in the collection of James Baber, Esq. F.G.S., and
was obtained from the Stonesfield slate of Stonesfield. It also occurs in the same
formation at Sevenhampton common.

Ammonites Warrrnoussl. Plate I, figs. 4, 4a.

AmMonitEs Discus, D’Oré. Terr. Jurass., p. 394, t. 131.
— — JD Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 296. 1850.

A. Testa compressd, sub-carinatd, anfractibus compressis, latis, externe angulatis ;
levigatis ; dorso acuto ; umbilico angustato ; apertura sagittata.

A compressed, discoidal shell, formed of very compressed and nearly embracing
volutions ; the inner half of the shell flattened and smooth; the outer, with obtuse, rather
distant and flexuous coste, terminating near the margin ; keel acute; mouth sagittate.

This specimen, from the Great Oolite of Minchinhampton, agrees in all the characters
with the Am. discus, figured and described by M. D’Orbigny, ‘Terr. Jurass.,’ pl. 131, and

! Unfortunately the specimen figured illustrates only the young state or inner volutions of this species,
not having received at that time the finer specimens belonging to Professor Buckman, and from which the
following description was drawn up: ‘‘ 4. gracilis. Keel crenated ; volutions six or seven, half concealed ;
ribs straight, passing over the back, and thus making the crenations of the keel; sometimes two or three
ribs are confluent towards the front ; diameter about 9 inches ; thickness 1} inches; aperture sagittate.”’
(Geol. of Chelt., p. 104.)

3

14. MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

which is cited by that author as occurring both in the Great and Inferior Oolite of
Normandy. We also possess the same species from the Inferior Oolite of Bridport and
Gloucestershire. It differs, however, essentially from the original specimen of 4m. discus,
Sow., described in the ‘ Min. Conch.,’ tab. 12, which has a more regular, sagittate aperture,
and does not possess the central flattened space, so characteristic of our species.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchinhampton, Zycett. In the same formation at
Ranville (Calvados), Niort (Deux Sevres), Mansigny (Vendée), D’ Orbigny. In the Inferior
Oolite at Bridport, and near Stroud; Eterville and Moutiers (Calvados).

We have much pleasure in assigning to this species the name of G. R. Waterhouse,
Esq., whose arrangement and careful study of the Cephalopoda, contained in the National
Collection, have materially assisted this branch of Palaeontology.

Cuass-—GASTEROPODA. Cuvier.

ORDER— PROSOBRANCHIATA. VW. Edwards.

CTENOBRANCHIATA, Schweigger.

Family—STROMBID.

Prerocera, Lamarck, 1801.

Shell turrited, ventricose, spire usually short, aperture oval, having a lengthened canal at
both extremities, outer lip expanded into hollow thickened spies, with an anterior sinus
separate from the caudal canal.

Prrrocera 1GNoBinis. Plate III, fig. 14.

P. Testa parva turbinata; spird breviusculd; anfractibus levigatis, planatis (3—A) ultimo
obsolete transversim bicarinato; carind superiori obsolete nodosa; cauda brevi.

Shell small, turbinated, spire short, whorls smooth, flattened (3—4), the last whorl twice
carinated, the upper carina obscurely nodulous, canal short.

The great breadth of the whorls, and the obscurely bicarinated last whorl, are the leading
features. This shell approaches A/aria levigata; but in that species the spire is much more
lengthened, and the volutions do not become angular, until at least five have been com-
pleted, it then produces small processes, which are deciduous, and the last whorl does not
attain any undue magnitude ; but, in the species before us, the fourth volution is large, has
considerable squareness, but with scarcely any distinct carina.

Locality. Rare in the planking of Minchinhampton Common.

GASTEROPODA. 15

Prerocera Bentiryi. Plate III, figs. 15, 15a, var. fig. 16.

P. Testé turritd, anfractibus convewis, costis transversalibus (4); anfractu ultimo per-
magno, et costato; labio externo palmato digitis quinqgue divaricatis ; canali obliquo elongato.

Shell turrited, turbinated, whorls convex, costated, cost (4) transverse, last whorl very
large and costated, the cost terminate in an expanded palmated wing, digitations five in
number, beneath which are numerous diverging lines which connect the wing with the
caudal extremity.

The whorls are oblique in their upper and cylindrical in their lower portions; their
encircling ribs are unequal and irregular; no other markings are preserved ; but the con-
dition of the specimens is scarcely so good as could be wished. ‘The wing is enormously
expanded ; the spines extend a little beyond the connecting portions of the wing.

Locality. The Stonesfield slate at Collyweston has furnished the present specimens.
The specific name in compliment to John F. Bentley, Esq., of Stamford, who has enriched
our knowledge of the fossils of that locality.

Auarta. JVov. Gen.

A. Testé turritd, alatd et caudatd, ald integra vel digitata, interdum varicem formant;
canali posteriori nullo, labro sinistro tenui, nunquam calloso nec anfractum ultimum obti-
genti, labro dextro interdum ultra anfractum ultimum eatenso, canali anteriort producto aut
breviusculo.

Shell turrited, winged, and with a caudal extremity, wing entire or digitated, sometimes
produced into a thickening or varix, no posterior canal, left lip thin, never thickened, nor
extended upon the penultimate whorl, right lip sometimes extended slightly upon the
penultimate volution, anterior canal either produced and lengthened or short.

This genus is constituted to receive a numerous group of winged shells, which are
separated from the true Strombidee, Rostellarize, and Pteroceree by a simple but important
distinctive character, viz. the absence of a posterior channel upon the spire. ‘The greater
number of our Great Oolite species of Strombidee will be found to range themselves
under this division of the family; the character of the wing is various, consisting either of
a simple, undivided, and thickened process, or divided into two or more digitations ; the
channel, likewise, may be either short and straight, or lengthened and curved ; the ner
lip is always thin—usually effuse and scarcely visible, but never produced into a thickened
posterior ridge, as in the true Rostellariz ; the wing, in some instances, is extended slightly
upon the penultimate volution, which is its utmost limit.

Another character of some importance, first noticed by Mons. Deslongchamps, and
which appears to characterise this group of shells, is this: the animal, after having
developed the right margin of the shell, continued to increase in growth, and (like the
species of Murex and Ranella) reproduced a second dilated and digitated margin, similar

16 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

to the first, and generally opposite to it, a character rarely if ever found in the recent
Pterocer or Rostellarie.*

Avarta arMATA. Plate III, fig. 1, la.

A. Testa turritd, anfractibus carinatis, et angulato-nodosis, nodis prominentibus 6 in ambitu.
Anfractu ultimo gibbo, bicarinato; carind superiort prominentiori spinis acutis; in etate
juniori digitis tribus parvis; in etate adultd digitis superioribus duobus longissimus. Cauda
longd curvatd. Striis tenuissimis confertis transversis, plerumque obsoletis.

Shell turrited, whorls carmated, angulated and carinated in their middle portion;
nodules 6 in a volution. The last whorl has three carme, the last of which is nearly
obsolete. In the young state it has three small digitations; when adult, the two superior
carine are extended into very long digitations; the first carina having two angular pro-
minences or spines. The entire surface of the shell has numerous fine encircling striz,
which for the most part are indistinct.

The acute spme, number of whorls, their prominently angular figure, together with the
spine upon the middle of the superior carina of the last whorl, are characteristic features ;
from 4. hamus and A. Phillipsii the character of the wing is sufficient to distinguish it.

Locality. The planking beds of Minchmhampton Common have furmshed all our
specimens ; the coarse character of the deposit rarely allows the display of the fine striae,
or other features of much delicacy. It is moderately rare.

Auaria HaMus, Des/. sp. Plate ITI, figs. 2, 2a, 26.

RosTELLARIA Hamus, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii,
p. 173, pl. 9, figs. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.
— — Desh. Lam. An. sans Vert., 2d Edit., 1843, tom. 9, p. 666.
Prerocera HAMUS, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont, p. 270.

A. Testa turritd, anfractibus transverse striatis, medio angulato-nodulosis, nodulis plus
minusve crebris, ultimo anfractu gibbo, bicarinato, carind superiort majori ; apertura
trigond. Carind majore ultimo anfractu nodulosa, nodulis parvis, subobsoletis. (Des-
longchamps.)

Shell turrited, whorls transversely striated, having a circle of nodules somewhat angu-
lated in their middle part, the nodules bemg more or less closely arranged. The last whor!
is large; it has two carine, the first of which is much the larger, and is indented or formed
into closely arranged nodules, which are sometimes nearly obsolete.

In some specimens, the larger carina is quite smooth, in others the indentations are
oblique; the canal is short and straight.

1 Mem. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, vii, p. 171, 176. Lam. Anim. sans Vert, 2d Edit., p. 671.

GASTEROPODA. — 17

Locahty. The planking of Minchinhampton Common and white stone of Bussage
contain it; but at the latter place the more delicate features are usually best preserved.. It
is rather rare. Inf. Oolite, Bayeux; Great Oolite, Ranville, Normandy. (Des/.)

ALARIA LAVIGATA. Plate III, fig. 3, 3a.

A. Testi fusiformi, anfractibus convewis, levigatis, ultimo bicarinato, carind superiort
spinigera ; spino oblongo ort opposito; ald brevissimd in a@tate juniori monodactyld, dein
(@tate adulta) magna didactyld, digitis longis divaricatis, tenuibus, trigonis; caudd longd,
recta, apice sub-incurvo; apertura oblonga, labro sinistro subcalloso.

Shell fusiform, whorls convex, smooth, the last whorl with two carine, the upper carina
spined ; the spine oblong, and placed opposite to the aperture; the wing very small when
young, at first it has but one digitation, with advance of growth it acquires two large digi-
tations, which diverge in opposite directions, they are smooth and three-sided ; the caudal
extremity is long and curved towards the apex; the aperture is oblong, the left lip bemg
slightly thickened.

In everything, excepting its smooth surface, this shell agrees with the Rostellaria
myurus of Deslongchamps; but as we have seen about twelve specimens, which were well
preserved, it is impossible that they ever could have had the striae which distinguish the
shell from Normandy.

Locality. Jt is rare, and has been found only in the planking of Minchinhampton
Common and contemporaneous beds of white stone north of the Vale of Brimscombe.

ALARIA HAMULUS, Des/. sp. Plate III, figs. 4, 4a, 44.

ROsTELLARIA HAMULUS, Deslongchamps. Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii, p. 175,
pl. 9, figs. 37—40.
— - Desh. Lam. An. sans Vert., 1843, tom. 9, p. 666.
PrerocEera HAMULUS, D’Oré. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

A. Testa parva turritd, apice obtuso, anfractibus (5—6) carinatis nodulosis; ultimo anfractu
subgibbo, transverse striato ; striis inequalibus, majoribus alternatim minoribusque ; carind
nodulosd seu plicata; labro externo incrassato variculam simulante; ald parva unidigitato,
apice acuto trigono, subtus canaliculato; caudd brevissimd, apertura subelliptica.

Shell small, turrited, clavate, apex obtuse, whorls (5—6) convex, nodulated, nodules
six in a volution. The last whorl has a single nodulated carina terminating anteriorly in a
slight digitation. In the immature state the digitation is produced into a hook-shaped
process. The surface has numerous encircling striae, somewhat irregular, but which are
alternately large and small. The upper margin of each whorl has a prominent line closely
tuberculated; the aperture is narrow, being contracted on the right side by a thickened

18 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

fold or varix, of which there are two upon the last volution. The inner lip is broad and
distinct, the channel is short and straight. A small canal passes from the aperture to the
apex of the rudimentary digitation.

M. Deslongchamps has described this species from three small specimens, which are
very imperfect, having only the last volution. The name is scarcely appropriate to full-
grown individuals which nearly lose the hook-lke digitation: m one instance only have
we noticed the Aamulus of the dimensions figured by M. Deslongchamps, and this occurred
in the smallest of our specimens, which was but little larger than the Norman one. It
would, therefore, seem that this feature was of an uncertain character, and disappeared at a
later period of growth.

Locality. he beds of planking at Minchinhampton Common, and their equivalents,
the white stone of Bussage and Eastcombs, have supplied all the specimens which have
come to our knowledge. It is not very rare. In the Great Oolite (pierre blanche),
Langrune, Normandy. (Des/.)

Avaria Puiuuipsi, D’ Orb. sp. Plate IIT, figs. 5, 5a.

Prerocera Puitiipsit, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont, p. 270.
RostELLARIA composita, PAil. 1835. Geol. Yorksh., i, t. 9, fig 28, (not Sow.)

A. Testa turritad ; spird elongata; anfractibus numerosis, convexis, vel subangulatis,
transverse striatis, et costis obliquis numerosis approximatis ; anfractu ultimo bicarinato ;
ald unidigito, cauda recta, breviusculd.

Shell turrited; spire elongated; whorls numerous, convex, or subangulated, trans-
versely striated, and ornamented with numerous closely-arranged oblique ribs upon the
lower half of each whorl; the last whorl is striated and bicarmated, terminating in a simple
or undivided wing ; the caudal extremity is straight, smooth, and of moderate length.
A. hamus is the species which approximates most nearly to it; but in that shell the
longitudinal costa are less numerous, not oblique, and are visible throughout the length of
the whorl; whereas in the 4. Phillipsii they occupy the lower half only, and form an angle
at their upper termination. The upper and larger carina upon the last whorl is more
smooth and less prominent than in the 4. Aamus, and the entire form of the shell more
lengthened or slender.

Locality. Scarborough, in dark chocolate-coloured argillaceous shale. Great Oolite,
(Phillips.)

AuariA pacopa. Plate ITI, fig. 6.

Testa turritd ; anfractibus numerosis, in medio carinato-crenatis, ultimo bicarinato ;
carinis tuberculatis ; anfractibus transverse striatis ; striis duabus prominentibus suturam

GASTEROPODA. 19

approximantibus. Ald magni, expansd, in digitos duobus productd, digitis parvis, caudd
brevissima.

Shell turrited ; whorls numerous, each with an acute mesial carina, the last whorl with
two carine ; the edges of the carima undulate and are nodulated ; the whorls are trans-
versely striated above the carina; beneath are two prominent striae, bordering the suture ;
wing large and expanded, extended into digitations ; the digitations are small, the caudal
termination very short.

This elegant shell possesses a certain family resemblance, which places it near to several
of our Great Oolite examples of the genus. ‘The acute carina reminds us of A. frifida, the
nodules of 4. Aamus, and the general figure of the wing and caudal extremity of 2.
paradowa ; the whorls are comparatively numerous and narrow, the mesial carina very
prominent, and the junctions of the whorls strongly defined.

Locality. The white stone of Eastcombs has furnished our only example.

ALARIA ATRACTOIDES, Des?. sp. Plate III, figs. 7, 7a.
PTrEROCERA ATRACTOIDES, Deslongchamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, vol. vii,
p- 166, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8, 9.

— — Desh. am. An. sans Vert., 2d Edit., 1843, tom. 9, p. 681.
— — D’ Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

A.“ Testa fusiformt, transversim striata ; striis alternis altioribus ; anfractibus bicarinatis

_ (carina superiore majore) longitudinaliter plicato-nodosis, plicis remotiusculis, nodis quadratis,

acutis, ultimo anfractu subgibbo ; caudd longd, incurvd.” (Deslongchamps.) Ald expansd
in digitis trigonis quatervis vel quinque (digito superiort majori).

Shell fusiform, transversely striated ; strize alternately elevated ; whorls twice carinated
(the upper carina being the largest), longitudinally nodulated and plicated ; the plications
remote, the nodules square and acute. The last whorl is large, the canal long and curved, ’
the wing expanded, having four and perhaps five triangular digitations, of which the
upper one is the largest.

We have three specimens of this rare shell, in one of which the wing is well developed,
with the exception of the extremity of the lower digitation, which may be imperfect.

Locality, The planking beds of Minchinhampton Common. Great Oolite (ca7//asse),
Ranville, Normandy. (Des/.)

ALARIA HEXAGONA. Plate II], fig. 8.

A. Testé turritd ; anfractibus paucis (4), angulatis et nodulosis ; nodulis 6 hexagonis ;
ultimo anfractu unicarinato, nodulosa, varicem ori oppositum gerente. Ald parva, cauda
sublonga ; apertura contractd, ovatd ; labro sinistro tenui.

Shell turrited ; apex obtuse; whorls few (4), prominently angulated and nodulated ;

20 ~ MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

nodules 6 in a volution, giving it a six-sided aspect. The last whorl has a single nodulated
carina, which has a prominence placed opposite to the aperture. The wing seems to be
but little produced, and is not divided into digitations. The canal is rather long and
straight ; the aperture ovate and contracted; the left lip thin. _
This is a rare species, of which we have only seen about six specimens: all of these
have been more or less imperfect, the wing being badly preserved, or wanting altogether.
Locality. The planking beds of Minchmhampton Common.

Auaria PARADOXA, Des/. sp. Plate III, figs. 9, 10.

PrEROCERA PARADOXA, Deslongehamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii,
p. 170, pl. 9, figs. 16—18, 20—22.
— — Desh. Lam. An. sans Vert., 2d Edit., 1843, tom. 9, p. 682.
— — D'Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

A. Testd parva ovata ; spird breviusculd obtusd ; anfractibus 7 angulato-nodosis, nodis
remotiusculis ; ultimo anfractu pluricostato, costis transversis subequidistantibus, et inequa-
hbus ; caudé brevi, recta ; ald angustd, varicem simulante, pluri-dentatd, dentibus inequa-
libus subtus canaliculatis, aperturd angustatd, varicem formante.

Shell small, ovate; spire moderately elevated, obtuse ; whorls angulated and nodulated,
the nodules being distant, or about 7 in a volution. The last whorl has plain transverse
ribs, nearly equidistant, and slightly unequal in size. The canal is short and straight ;
the wing is thickened into a kind of varix at the aperture, which is contracted.

The spire bears a larger proportion to the last whorl than appears in M. Deslongchamps’
figures, which may be accounted for by his having restored the former portion from another
specimen ; exactness in such a case is not to be expected.

This species is comparatively rare. We have scarcely seen one which is perfect.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchinhampton. Bath Oolite (pierre blanche), Langrune,
Colleville, Normandy. (Deslongchamps.)

Auarta Parapoxa, var. Plate III, fig. 9a.

Shell ovate ; spire moderately elevated; whorls (6) convex, rendered angular by pro-
minent tubercles, of which there are seven or eight in a volution; the last whorl is large,
has numerous transverse ribs, of which two are more prominent; the ribs terminate in
smal] digitations ; there is also a large bifid spine placed opposite to the wing.

As compared with 4. paradowa, the spire is more elevated, and bears a larger pro-
portion to the body whorl; the encircling ribs upon the last whorl are much more elevated
and unequal, the two larger ones giving a kind of bicarinated aspect to it, and terminating
in digitations, which are much larger than in the former shell. The large bifid spme upon

GASTEROPODA. 21

the opposite side of the whorl is another distinctive character. ‘The caudal extremity is
short and straight. Length, 10 lines; breadth, including digitations, 9 lines.
Locality. his species is found in all the shelly beds, but is far from common.

Auaria teiripa, Phil. sp. Plate TI, figs. 11, lla, 114, lle.

RostELnarta TRIFIDA, Phillips. 1835. Geol. of Yorksh., i, t. 5, fig. 4.
— BISPINosA, Phillips. Geol. of Yorksh., i, t. 4, fig. 32.
= BICARINATA, Goldfuss. Petref, t. 170, fig. 1.
— rrirmpa, Deslongchamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii, pl. 9,
figs. 28, 29, 30, 31.
— — Desh. Uam. An. sans Vert., 2d Edit., t. 9, p. 665.

A. “ Testd fusiformi, turritd, transverse striatd, anfractibus medio carinato-acutis ; ultimo
bicarinato, gibbo ; ald didactyla, digitis in etate adultd longissimis, recurvatis ; in juniore
modo unico, modo duobus inequalibus digitis, seu inferiore, seu superiore longiore ; caudd
longissimd, recurvatd ; apertura angustatd.” (Deslongchamps.)

Shell fusiform turreted, transversely striated ; whorls acutely carimated about the middle
part ; the last whorl has two carine, the upper of which is most prominent, and has a
prominence or spine opposite to the aperture. The wing is digitated; when full grown
the digitations are very long and recurved, the larger being sometimes the upper, and at
other times the lower digitation. In the young state it has only one carina and digitation.
The canal is very long and recurved, the aperture small.

Having had the advantage of examining a large number of specimens, comprising every
variety both in form and stage of growth, we feel no hesitation in uniting the two species
here indicated. The whorls have every degree of angularity, specimens of 4. dispinosa
having the lower half of each volution simply cylindrical, the carina not projecting beyond
it, and the first three or four whorls are smooth and simply convex, scarcely showing any
trace of angularity. The extreme of the other variety has the carina not only angulated
acutely, but spread out horizontally into a prominent tabular border.

The encircling striz are equally variable. In some instances the striz are regular and
equal, but more frequently they are alternately large and small; at other times, however,
they are altogether irregular and unequal.

Locality. This species occurs throughout the whole of the Great Oolite near Minchin-
hampton ; even the upper beds, when shelly, not unfrequently contain it. Undoubtedly it
is the most common example of the genus. In the Calcareous grit; Oxford Clay; Kelloway
Rock, near Scarborough, Yorkshire (Pdz//ips).

M. E. Deslongchamps describes this species as occurring throughout the jurassic series
of Normandy, viz. the Zias, Fontaime-Etoupefour ; Inferior Oolite, Bayeux; Great Oolite,
Ranville; Oxford Clay, Vaches-Noires ; Kimmeridge Clay, Villerville.

A

22 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Auaria PARVULA. Plate III, fig. 12¢, 120.

A, Testi parva, turritd ; anfractibus quinque convexis, angustats, levibus, ultimo planato,
striato; striis transversis, crebris, acutis, subcrenulatis ; caudd brevissimd ; alé—?

Shell small, turreted, volutions (5) convex, narrow, smooth, the last volution flattened,
striated, striz transverse, closely arranged, acute, and slightly crenulated ; the canal nearly
obsolete ; wing unknown.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common has furnished only one well-
preserved specimen with which we are acquainted,—it does not exceed 6 lines in length;
the whorls are very narrow and convex, the striz being visible only upon the body whorl.

Avarta? cirrus, Des/. sp. Plate III, figs. 13, 13a.

RosTELLARIA CIRRUS, Deslongehamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii,
p. 178, pl. 9, f. 26.
— — Desh. Uam..An. sans Vert., 2d Edit., tom. 9, p. 668.
Prerocera cirrus, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

A. Testa turritd, transversim striata, apice acuminato; anfractibus medio carinatis, ultimo
inflato, bicarinato ; carind superiori eminentiori, gibbum transverse oblongu ori oppositum
gerenti: ald brevissimd, in etate juniori monodactyla, deinde (@tale proyredient:) didactyld,
digitis longis, divaricatis, tenuibus, trigonis. Cauda longissimd, recta, apice tacurvo,
(Deslongchamps.)

Shell turreted, apex pointed, transversely striated, whorls carinated m the middle, the
last whorl inflated, having two carme; the first carina bemg the most prominent. A
transverse prominence is placed opposite to the aperture; the canal is long and straight;
except the extremity, which is curved.

A single specimen, in which the last whorl is imperfect, is all we have to refer to; the
form, however, is unequivocal; the spire is unusually short and ventricose, as compared
with other examples of the genus, and in the stage of growth which our specimen exhibits,
had not acquired the large digitations and caudal extremity proper to a later period.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common ; it must be referred to some of the shelly beds
beneath the planking; rare. Great Oolite, Ranville, Normandy. (Des/.)

Family—MvRIciv&.
Fusus, Zam. 1801.

Shell fusiform or subfusiform, ventricose in the middle, with an elevated spire, volutions
convex, generally costated or striated; aperture ovate, terminating anteriorly im a more or
less elongated canal, outer hp entire, sharp; columella smooth.

GASTEROPODA. 23

Fusus muuticostatus. Plate V, fig. 6, 6a.

PF. Testd parva, turritd, turbinatd, anfractibus convevis (5—6), suturis profunde separatis ;
costis longitudinalibus numerosis, obliquis, striis transversis, crebris; aperturd parvd, caudd
breviusculd.

Shell small, turreted, turbinated ; whorls very convex, 5—6 in number; the sutures
being deeply impressed, the coste are longitudinal, rounded, and directed obliquely from
left to right; there are also numerous closely-arranged transverse strie; the aperture is
small, the canal short.

Locality. *The planking bed of Minchinhampton Common has afforded this pretty
little species : it is moderately rare.

Fusus coronatus. Plate V, fig. 5.

F. Testa parva, turritd, anfractibus convexis, angustatis et nodulosis (nodulis 9), parte
superior: transverse trilineatis; anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; basi levi, cauda subrecta.

Shell small, turreted, whorls convex, narrow, and nodulated; nodules about 9 in a
volution, with three encircling lines beneath the middle of each volution ; the last whorl is
ventricose, the caudal extremity nearly straight.

The general aspect of this little species has some resemblance to a Rostellaria; there
does not appear, however, to be any expanded wing or other characteristic features of that
genus.

Locality. It is very rare. We have obtained only three specimens, which occurred in
the planking of Minchinhampton Common.

Fusus? sus noputosts, D’Orb. Plate V, fig. 9, 9a.

Fusus susnopunosus, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.
— NopvuLosus, Deslongehamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii, pl. 10,
figs. 36, 37. (Not Sow., 1837.) (Not Lamarck.)

F. Testa minutd, ovato-turritd, acutd ; anfractibus rotundato-inflatis, transversé striatis,
nodulis (6) subobliquis, longitudinalibus ; columelld marginatd, apertura ovata, cauda
breviusculd.

Shell minute, ovately turreted, acute; whorls rounded, tumid, transversely striated;
nodules 6 in a volution, longitudinal, and rather oblique ; columella marginated, aperture
ovate, caudal extremity short ; length, 3 lines.

The transverse strize are not mentioned by M. Deslongchamps; but in the specimen
which we have figured they are very distinct.

'

24 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Locality. \t would appear to be very rare, and has been found only in the planking of
Minchinhampton Common ; but with this and other minute shells it is not easy to form an
accurate notion of their actual numbers. In the Bath Oolite of Langrune, Normandy.

(Desl.)

Bracuytrema. JVov. Gen.

Fusus. Species in part. Awet.

The Great Oolite shells, which we have placed under this generic designation, present
characters so much at variance with the received ideas of Fusus, that we have been induced
to erect them into a new genus, under the name Brachytrema ; the definition of this form,
whether it be regarded as subdivision of /wsus, or as a distinct genus, is as follows :—

B. Testa turrita, turbinatd ; anfractibus conveais et costatis, nodulosis, aut cancellatis ;
labro dextro tenui ; columella rotundatd, levi, ad basin contortd; canali brevi, obliquo.

Shell small, turreted, turbinated; whorls either costated, nodulated, or cancellated ;
the last whorl large and ventricose; right lip thin and smooth; columella smooth, rounded,
twisted near to the base, and reflecting outwards, forming a short oblique canal; aperture
moderately large, subovate, its length being usually less than that of the spire.

The general figure of this genus is turbinated, and nearer to Buccinum than Fusus ; it
has, however, the base and channel of Cerithivm; the short oblique canal and twisted
columella separate it from Fwsvs, the genus to which the known species have most
frequently been referred. ‘The following forms may possibly be assigned to this genus :—
Murex haccanensis of Phillips, the Fusus carinatus of Roemer, the Triton buccinoideum, the
Purpura filosa, the Murex versicostatus, and the Fusus corallensis of Buvignier, and, pro-
bably, the Fusus nassoides and the Fusus nodulosus of Deslongchamps. All the species are
small, the largest scarcely equalling 10 lines in length.

The Fusus Thorenti V Archiac would appear at first sight to belong to this genus; but
having examined the original specimens in the collection of Viscomte d’Archiac, we are
inclined to believe that the figure in the ‘Memoirs of the Geological Society of France’
(vol. v, plate 30, fig. 8), is taken from an imperfect shell, which is closely allied to, if not
identical with, the Zirbo pyramidalis of the same author.

BRACHYTREMA BUVIGNIERI. Plate V, fig. 7.

B. Testa conicd, turbinatd, apice obtuso; anfractibus 5 planatis, et costulatis; costis (14)
longitudinalibus, clatis, lineas transversas numerosas, elatas, distantes gerentibus.

Shell conical, turbinated, apex obtuse, whorls 5, flattened and costated ; costa longi-
tudinal, elevated, about 14 in a volution, and impressed by transverse lines: the lines are

, GASTEROPODA. 25

numerous, distant, and elevated—a single one more elevated, being placed at the base of
each whorl. The longitudinal ribs are occasionally unequal, one unusually large sometimes
appearing, but not extending beyond the whorl, forming a varix after the manner of
Triton ; the columella is twisted, turned outwards at the base, and forms, with the outer
lip, a short oblique channel, which is not perceptible upon the back of the shell; the outer
lip is thin and dentated externally by the elevated transverse lines.

Locality. This species is moderately rare; it occurs in the coarse bed of planking
at Minchinhampton Common, and is seldom well preserved.

BRACHYTREMA TURBINIFORMIS. Plate IX, fig. 35, 35a.

B. Testi turbinata, ventricosa, spird elevata; anfractibus 4 angustatis, convexis, nodulato-
carinatis; ultimo anfractu ventricoso, costulis longitudinalibus ; striis transversis numerosis,
tmpressis; apertura subrotundd, canali subnullo, columella recta.

Shell turbinated, ventricose; spire elevated; whorls 4, narrow, convex, their sutures
deeply impressed, having a nodulated carina; the last whorl is large and ventricose, having
small longitudinal ribs crossed by numerous transverse strize; the aperture is nearly round,
the canal reduced to a mere notch; the columella straight.

This species is chiefly distinguished from its congeners by a greater dilatation of the last
whorl, which is much expanded transversely. Unfortunately the beds of planking, which
contain this and various other small univalves with ornamented surfaces, is of so coarse a
structure, and adheres to the shells with such tenacity, that it is not often that their features
can be distinguished. Length 6 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

Famtly—Buccinivz&.

PurpuroweEa, Lycett. 1848.

Murex, sp., Sow. 1827.
Purpura, sp., Buvignier. 1843.
Purpurrna, sp., D’Orb. 1850.

P. Testé turbinatd, spird elevatd, aperturdé non longiori, apice subacuto ; anfractibus
convexis, in medio tuberculatis, anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; basi truncata, apertura sub-
quadratd, superne acutd, inferne truncata, latd ; canali lato, recurvato ; columella arcuatd,
rotundatd, levi, basi acuminata, incurvata ; labio effuso, in medio subdepresso, labro tenui
et sinuato, umbilico obtecto.

Shell turbimated ; spire elevated, not longer than the aperture, with a somewhat acute
apex ; whorls convex, nodulated in their middle part, the last whorl ventricose, the base

26 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

truncated, the aperture subquadrate, acute above, widely notched at the base, but not
deeply nor recurved ; columella curved, and turning inwards at its base, which is poited ;
it is rounded and smooth ; the inner lip is effuse, rather depressed in the middle, covering
an umbilicus ; the outer lip is thin and somewhat sinuated. :

This is one of the most remarkable of the Great Oolite genera of Univalves, and has
not as yet been found in any other than the oolitic rocks. It constitutes an addition to the
Purpurifera of Wamarck, or the Eutomostomata of De Blainville. The following characters
in their combination will be found sufficiently to distinguish it from all other known genera =
the truncated base, the wide and shallow notch, the columella smooth, rounded, and curving
inwards, the concealed umbilicus, and the thin sinuated outer lip. The young shells are
delicately striated or grooved, the basal notch is scarcely formed, and they are perfectly free
from adherent shells. On the other hand, the full-grown shells are always more rugose ;
with advance of age their sulcations or other markings become irregular; or are nearly
obliterated, the basal notch becomes more important, and not unfrequently the whole’
external surface becomes covered with adherent shells. It would even seem that those
encrusting shells were carried about by the animal during life. They are never found upon
the young shells, or within the aperture, upon the left lip, about the basal notch, or, in’
fact, upon any part which was in contact with the soft parts of the animal. As the
Purpuroidea are found lying in every possible position, the absence of adherent shells upon
the parts in question may be held conclusive as to their period of attachment.

It will be seen, then, that the generic characters above enumerated acquire importance
only upon their bemg viewed im combination. Owing, perhaps, to a want of attention to
this circumstance, it may be that an undue value has been assigned to one or two cha-
racters, or to the inspection of ill-preserved specimens, or the want of a sufficient number
to exhibit their several phases of form and markings ;—to one or all of these causes of error
we may ascribe the fact, that one of our species has already been thrice figured and
described under two generic and three specific designations.

The beds of planking upon Minchinhampton Common are the productive site of this
genus. ‘The shells are clustered together over a small area. Originally the space was
about 100 yards in length and half that extent in breadth ; but from the rapid quarrying
of the stone, which there occurs in very large blocks, by far the greater portion is now
removed, and the genus has already become comparatively scarce. ‘I'wo other localities,
near and upon the same geological position, have furnished it, but very rarely, and in a bad
state of preservation. In the upper division of the Great Oolite near Minchinhampton
(from the white limestone upwards), the genus is likewise found occasionally over small areas,
and in considerable numbers; but, owing to the compactness of the investing limestone,
the shells can never be extricated except as casts. In this condition, with some small por-
tion of the shell preserved, they resemble the specimen figured in the ‘ Mineral Conchology,’
t. 578, fig. 4; but when entirely denuded of the crystalline shell, they have the aspect of
Natica, and without great care might be taken for that genus, the surface is smooth,

GASTEROPODA. 27

and retains only the faintest traces of tubercles ; the axial umbilicus is very conspicuous ;
and all trace of the wide basal notch being lost, the aperture resembles an entire-
mouthed shell. The hard limestone being much used for rough walls, it is upon these,
when partial disintegration has taken place, that the casts of Purpuroidea are to be found.
The genus has never been discovered lower than the planking.

Purruromea Morgavsia. Plate IV, figs. 1, la, 2, 3, 3a, 4.

Purpura Morzausia, Buvignier. Mém. Soc. Philomath. Verdun, 1843, pl. 6, fig. 19,
p- 26.
PurPuRINA — D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 357, 1850.

P. Testa turrita, globosd ; spird brevi, anfractibus 3—A, nodulosis vel spiniferis ; spinis
magnis, obtusis, in serie unicd 7, 8, aut 9 in ambitu ; anfractu ultimo striato, striis regu-
laribus transverse subundulatis (obsoletis in etate seniori) ; apertura anipla, subquadrata ;
canali dilatato, leviter excavato.

Shell globose, spire prominent, whorls 3—4, angulated ; angles tuberculated ; tubercles
large, elevated, 8 or in others 7, upon a volution ; the last whorl ventricose ; the tubercles
increasing in size until they become large blunt spires; beneath the tubercles the surface
has numerous undulating closely-arranged encircling costae; the aperture is large and
widely truncated at its base; the inner lip is somewhat depressed in its middle part.

This is by much the most abundant, and at the same time typical species of the genus.
There may be considered to be two varieties, one having 8, the other only 7, spines in a
volution ; the latter variety has the spire more depressed, the aperture occupying three
fourths of the entire length of the shell. The elevated longitudinal swellings, produced by
the successive extensions of the outer lip in growth, sometimes interfere with the continuity
of the encircling ribs,—cause them to undulate, and occasionally obscure them altogether
hence, in the younger specimens, the ribs are more regular and distinctly marked. Very
rarely, indeed, individuals have been found which simulate P. nodulata, the lines of growth
being enlarged to imperfect ribs, which suddenly disappear, or are depressed at the place
where, in the species referred to, the second circle of nodules is situated; the spire also
becomes more elevated, which adds to the resemblance. In the figure given by Buvignier,
the inner lip is more flattened, or Purpura like, than might have been expected; but the
figure altogether is executed in a very indifferent manner.

Locality. The vicinity of Minchinhampton is the only locality in which this remarkable
shell is known to have been procured in England. Buvignier mentions that M. Moreau,
of St. Mihiel, has found it in the Coral rag of that place, and likewise in the ferruginous
Oolite of Launoy.

28 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

PuRPUROIDEA GLABRA. Plate IV, figs. 5, 5a, 6, 6a.

P. Testa turbinatd, ovata; spird easertd ; anfractibus 5—6 angulatis, angulis tuberculos
10 gerentibus ; anfractu ultimo ventricoso, levi, basi truncatd ; aperturd magna.

Shell turbinated, ovate; spire elevated; whorls 5—6 angulated; angles tuberculated ;
tubercles 10 in a volution; the last whorl ventricose, smooth, the base truncated; the
aperture large.

In the young state the spire is simply convex, without tubercles, which are only faintly
visible upon the last whorl. In every stage of growth the tubercles are less conspicuous
than in either of the other two species, and the surface of the last whorl is entirely destitute
of ribs and of a second circle of tubercles; the spire is smaller than in P. nodulata, but
more elevated than in P. Moreausia. The length of the aperture is three fifths of that of
the entire shell.

Locality. It accompanies the other congeneric forms in the Minchinhampton Great
Oolite, but is very much the most rare of them. The proportion of each species is probably
as follows: P. Moreausia, 50; P. nodulata, 5; P. glabra, 1.

a
PurpurombEA NoputaTa. Plate V, figs. 1, la, 2, 3, 4.

Movrex noputatus, Young and Bird. Geol. of Yorkshire Coast, p. 245, t. 11, fig. 3.
— tuBERosus, Sow. Min. Con., t. 578, fig. 4; but not t. 229, fig. 1, which is a
Tertiary shell.
Purpura Laprerrea, Buvignier. Mém. Soc. Philomath. Verdun, 1843, p. 27,
pl. 6, fig. 21.
PURPUROIDEA NopuULATA, Lycett. Annals of Nat. Hist., 1848, p. 250.
Mvrex TuBeErosts, Brown. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 59, pl. 34, fig. 19.

P. Testa turbinatd, ovata ; spird easertd ; anfractibus 5—6 angulatis ; angulis tuberculos
(9—11) plerumque elatiores gerentibus ; anfractu ultimo subventricoso, tuberculis binis
cincto, prope basin transverse carinato ; tuberculis inferioribus minoribus, approximatis et in
costulis longitudinalibus obliquis productis: apertura magna subquadratd, lubro dextro
stnuato.

Shell turbinated, ovate ; spire elevated; whorls 5—6 angulated ; the angles tubercu-
lated ; the tubercles usually elevated, 9, 10, or 11 in a volution; the last whorl ventricose,
encircled with two rows of tubercles ; those on the second row are much the smaller, and are
more closely arranged, and prolonged into longitudinal oblique ribs, which are sometimes
nearly obsolete ; below the ribs is a transverse keel, placed near to the base of the shell.
The aperture is of moderate size, the outer lip being much sinuated.

The first two or three whorls are convex, and destitute of tubercles; the tubercles
vary much in size in different specimens—when very much elevated they are com-
pressed laterally. In the young state, the apex of the spire is more acuminated, the surface

GASTEROPODA. 29

of the whorls has fine encircling strize, the second circle of tubercles is not formed, or is
merely rudimentary, and the longitudinal ribs beneath and basal carina are both absent ;
the last whorl has therefore a smooth aspect, which is in striking contrast with specimens of
advanced age. The length of the aperture in the adult shell somewhat exceeds that of the
spire; but the latter portion varies much in altitude, and occasionally exceeds the aperture
in length. Upon the whole, the aspect of this species varies so considerably, independently
of the changes produced by the stages of growth, that a considerable number are requisite
for its full elucidation. It accompanies P. Moreausia, but is much more rare, probably in
the proportion of about 1 to 10.

The figures given by Young, Sowerby, and Buvignier, present but a remote resemblance
to each other and to our figures, but there cannot be much doubt of their identity. Young’s
figure represents an individual with a spire rather depressed; that in the ‘ Mineral Con-
chology’ is from a mutilated specimen, little better than a cast. Buvignier’s figure is
likewise imperfect, besides which, the artist appears to have represented the inner lip of a
true Purpura.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

This species has been found in Yorkshire only in the Coralline Oolite, where casts are
stated to be not unfrequent in the hard limestone. M. Buvignier’s specimen is from the
ferruginous oolite of Vieil-St.-Remy.

Family—CERITHIADE.
Crrituium, Adanson, 1757. Brug., Lam.

Shell elongated, tuberculated or costated, seldom smooth; spire pyramidal or cylin
drical, composed of numerous volutions ; aperture subquadrate, terminated anteriorly by a
short canal, which is most frequently reflected outwards and backwards.

CrritHium avapricincetum, Groldf. Plate IX, fig. 8.

CERITHIUM QUADRICINCTUM, Goldfuss. Petref., p. 32, t.

3, fig. 11.
— — Bronn. Index Palzont., p. 272.

17
27

C. Testé conicd, anfractibus (10—12) quadrigonis, cingulatis, cingulis superficialibus
quarterms granulatis ; granulis longitudinalibus seriatis.

Shell conical, spire obtuse, whorls (10—12) rather convex ; encircled with four costz ;
the cost are granulated, so as to form a longitudinal series. The whorls are narrow,
the height scarcely exceeding one third of the transverse diameter; the largest specimens
do not exceed half an inch in length, and half of that length may be considered as the
average dimensions.

30 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Locality. Itis by far the most abundant of the Great Oolite Cerithia, and may usually
be seen sprinkled over the blocks of planking at Minchinhampton Common ; but occurs
indifferently in all the shelly beds.

CERITHIUM LIMZFORME, Rodm. Plate VII, fig. 2.

CERITHIUM LIM@FORME, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 142, t. 11, f. 19.
_— — Goldfuss. Petref., iii, p. 33, t. 173, f. 17.
—_ — Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 269.

C. Testd turritd, anfractibus (i—S8) depressis, subplanis, cingillato-granulatis trilineatis,
granulis majusculis approximatis costellas longitudinales formantibus, apertura ovatd, canal
brevi truncato.

Shell turreted, apex pointed, whorls (7—8) depressed, nearly flat, having transversely
nodulated coste, three in number upon each whorl; the nodules are nearly jomed longi-
tudinally, presenting the appearance of longitudinal ribs in the young shell; but in a more
adult state the upper row becomes more distinctly separated from the other two, which
latter have sometimes an additional row of smaller granules between them.

This shell, as compared with C. guadricinctum, would appear to be much more rare ;
but as it requires a close inspection to distinguish them, some uncertainty must exist.

Locality. t accompanies the above-mentioned species in all the shelly beds. Its length
does not exceed 3 lines.

Crrituium sExcostatum. Plate VII, fig. 3, 3a.

C. Testé turritd, levi, anfractibus conveviusculis, costatis ; costis (6B—7) longitudi-
nalibus, levigatis, rotundatis, angustatis, rectis: aperturd ovatd ; caudd obsoletd,

Shell turreted, smooth; whorls rather convex, costated; costae (7—6) longitudinal
smooth, rounded, narrow, and straight; aperture ovate. The ribs do not form a con-
tinuous line upon the volutions, a complete circle occupying more than 6, but less than 7
costae, whose upper extremities scarcely reach the sutures of the whorls; the whorls are
rather high, their junctions are deeply impressed, the last whorl beimg equal in length to
two fifths of the entire shell. Axis. 73 lines.

Locality. The white stone of Bussage has furnished our only example.

CrrITHIUM PENTAGONUM, Archiac. Plate IX, fig. 22.

CERITHIUM PENTAGONUM, Archiac. Mém. Soe. Géol. Fr., tom. 5, p. 384, t. 31, f. 6.
—— — D’ Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.
_ _— Bronn, Index Paleont., p. 271.

GASTEROPODA. 31

C. Testa subulatd, apice acuto, anfractibus (\10—11) planatis, pentagonalis, longi-
tudinaliter costatis; costis 5 in ambitu, perpendiculariter continuis, elatis, subacutis ; strits
numerosis transversis impressis ; canali minima.

Shell subulate, apex acute, whorls (10—11) flattened, pentagonal, longitudinally
costated ; costa continuous, perpendicular, elevated, rather acute, 5 in a volution; striz
numerous, transverse ; canal very small.

This elegant, symmetrical, and remarkable species has the junctions of the whorls strongly
marked ; it ranks among the choicest of our smaller shells. Axis 9 lines, transverse
diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Yt has been found only in the planking of Minchinhampton Common and
white stone of Bussage. We are not aware that more than four examples have been
discovered.

CERITHIUM STRANGULATUM, 4rchiac. Plate IX, fig. 18.

CERITHIUM STRANGULATUM, Arehiac. 1843. Mém. Géol. Soc. France, v, p. 382, t. 31,
figs. 1, a, 6.
—_ — D' Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.
—_— —_— Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 274.

C. Testé minutd, subcylindricd, pupeformi, costatd ; anfractibus subplanatis 7, trans-
versim sulcatis; sulcis 4, penultimo 5; costis (6) rectis, elatis et longitudinaliter continuis
ab apice ad anfractum penultimum; apertura constrictd, parvd, obliqud subrotundd ; canali
nullo,

Shell minute, subcylindrical, or pupzeform, costated ; whorls nearly flat (7), transversely
sulcated, sulci 4, and 5 upon the penultimate whorl; coste 6, straight, elevated, and
longitudinally continuous from the apex to the penultimate whorl; aperture contracted,
small, oblique and somewhat rounded ; no canal.

This little shell has promiment lines dividing the transverse sulcations; the costal
elevations, although strongly marked upon the first three or four whorls, are not dis-
tinguishable upon the latter two; these whorls have also a greater proportional length than
the others, their breadth but little exceeding their height; the junctions of the whorls are
not very strongly marked, the apex of the spire is obtuse, the aperture much contracted,
rounded, and oblique or pupzeform.

The obtuse spire, flattened whorls, and fewness of the costae, will distinguish this from
C. bulimoides, Deslongchamps, and C. Roémeri, Goldfuss ; to which in other respects it has
some resemblance. We have considered it a variety of C. strangulatum, Archiac, although
in that species the apex is pointed, the general breadth is greater, and the costa are
continued even to the base of the shell.

Locality. Ancliff, Wiltshire ; Eparcy, France.

32 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

CERITHIUM TENNANTI. Plate IX, fig. 20.

C. Testa turritd, acutd, conicd, anfractibus numerosis, angustatis, tricinctis; carinis
tribus, elatioribus, striis numerosis longitudinalibus impressis; basi planatd, canali
brevissimda.

Shell turreted, acute, conical, whorls numerous, thrice cinctured; the bands elevated,
and impressed with numerous longitudinal striz ; base flattened, canal obsolete.

The transverse keels are equal, narrow, and elevated, one being mesial, the others close
to the anterior margin of the whorls; the figure is perfectly regular, and the whorls
narrow ; the aperture and canal are very short. ,

Locality. Ancliff.

Named after Prof. J. Tennant, from whose interesting collection of Oolite Fossils this
species is figured.

CxrritHium Rotssu, Arch. sp. Plate VII, fig. 14, 14a.

TurriTELLA Rossi, Archiac, 1843. Mém. Soe. Geol. Fr., vol. v, p. 380, t. 30, f. 2.
—_— — Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 1336.
Cuemnitzi1a Rotssy1, D’Oré. Prod. Paleont., p. 298.

C. Testé turritd subconicd, levi, apice acuto; anfractibus paucis, planatis; suturis vir
tumidulis; caudda brevi subrectd.

Shell turreted, subconical, smooth; apex acute; whorls few, flattened; the sutures slightly
tumid; canal short, and nearly straight.

A very short or conical species, the diameter of which through the last whorl is upwards
of half the entire length of the shell; a longitudinal section displays a columella of great
thickness, the internal cavity being small.

Locality. Rare in the Great Oolite of Minchmhampton Common. Eparcy, France.

Nerinmua, Defrance. 1825.

Shell turreted, either conical or cylindrical, consisting of numerous whorls ; aperture
subquadrate, having an anterior and posterior short canal; columella, with one or more
folds ; outer lip, with one or more folds, which are continued through the length of the
shell; columella umbilicated in the conical, solid in the cylindrical species.

Nerina Voutzi, Des/. Plate VII, figs.11, lla; var? figs. 7, 7a.

Nertnma Vourzit, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii, pl. 8,
fig. 34. ;
i — D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 298, (Not N. Voltzeii, D’Arch.)

GASTEROPODA. 33

NV. Testa turrito-conicd, spird angulo 18°—22°, anfractibus subplanis inornatis ; colu-
mella crassd, prius solidd denique perforatd, plicas duas parvas, remotas gerente; labro
dextro intus uniplicato, apertura rhomboidali.

Shell elongated, conical, smooth; in its young state there is usually a slight depression
round the lower part of each whorl, this is gradually lost in the larger whorls, which are
quite flat ; but specimens may be found in which all the whorls are slightly convex. The
columella is solid in the young shell; but usually becomes perforated about an inch below
the apex ; there is great variety in this respect in different specimens, the perforation some-
times commencing within half an inch from the apex, while other shells, an inch and a half
long, may be found quite solid. The spiral angle also varies from 20° to 22° in different
specimens ; in some instances the sides of the shell are straight, in others the lower part is
more cylindrical than the upper; in some few instances the lower part of the shell enlarges
more rapidly than the upper, in which case the perforation of the columella is unusually
large. Thus the species varies in its external form, from a neat, regular shell to a
very clumsy one. ‘The aperture is rhomboidal, its height being half as much again as its
width, ending below in a short canal. There are three internal folds, viz.: one on the outer
lip, near to the base of the whorl, which is insignificant at the aperture, but long and strong
in the imner whorls; another, thick and blunt on the columella, a little below the preceding;
thirdly, one small and blunt on the top of the whorl. These folds are very constant in
form, and serve to distinguish the species readily.

Siiuraleanolet.) savy ws) fo pcs) eee (ee TOMO.
Basal angler. ivy iy pany: Mian es shone ton o On
Length, 1 inch to 23 inches.

‘In the young state, or when the axis does not exceed 10 or 12 lines, the aspect is so
dissimilar of this protean shell, that a particular description of that condition is necessary :—
It is taper and pointed, the volutions are convex, very narrow, an individual of 9 lines
having as many whorls. The sutures are very deeply depressed, the shell is altogether
delicate and fragile, but perfectly regular. Specimens exceeding 10 lines increase dispro-
portionally in the height of their whorls ; they become more flattened, the sutures are less
strongly defined, the shell acquires a considerable increase of thickness, and the whole is
changed.

Locality. This specimen occurs in every stage of growth and throughout the entire
thickness of the formation in Gloucestershire; its habits were gregareous—the shelly
weatherstones more especially contain it in great numbers.

Nerin#A (Trocnatia) Evprsi. Plate VII, fig. 6, 6a.

? CerttHium Derrancii, Deslongehamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii, pl. 8,
fig. 36.

N. Testé turritd, conicd, anfractibus (10) concavis, angustatis, liners transversis cinctis

34 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

cum aliis minoribus alternatis, suturis carinatis, carinis elatis et levigatis, bast planulatd,
canali brevissimo; apertura subquadrata.

Shell turreted, conical, excavated ; whorls (10) concave, narrow, with numerous trans-
verse very fine lines, alternating with others still more faintly impressed ; the sutures are
carinated, the carinz elevated and smooth, the base flattened, the canal short. Aperture
subquadrate.

The general aspect of our species approaches near to the Cerithium Defrancit of
M. Deslongchamps, whose figure however is less conical, and the concavity of the whorls
is much less. These differences, however, are only such as may pertain to varieties of the
same species. It is rare; and the few examples which have occurred to us are composed
entirely of crystalline carbonate of lime, which does not allow of the mternal characters
being fully determined ; as far as we can observe them, the outer lip is simple, and the
columella plicated with one fold, and the upper portion of the volution has a very slight
fold. This shell belongs to the subgenus Zrochalia, Sharpe; but to the species having the
columella solid and not hollow.

Locality, The upper portion of the shelly beds near to Minchinhampton and
Chalford.

NERIN#ZA DUFRENOYI, Arch. sp. Plate VII, fig. 8, 8a—8e.

Ceritaium Durrenoyt, Archiac. 1843. Mem. Soc. Géol. Fr., vol. v, pl. 31, figs. 3, 4.
— — D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

N. Testé parva, cylindrico-subulata ; anfractibus latis, planatis, costulis cinctis, et nodu-
latis; cingulis 4 aut 5, inequalibus dense-nodulatis, cingula infra suturam valde elatd, et
levigatd, sine nodulis. Anfractibus lineis perpendicularibus, interstitialibus dense et
tenuissime instructis. Aperturd elongata, columelld solidd, plicis duabus? parvis; plica
eaternd unica, magna.

Shell small, cylindrical, or subulate ; the whorls wide, flattened, encircled with cost,
which are nodulated ; the encircling bands are 4 or 5, unequal and closely, but sometimes
imperfectly, nodulated ; the band nearest to the upper suture the largest and most elevated,
it is nearly smooth, and without nodules. The surface of the volutions has also very
closely-arranged fine perpendicular lines visible upon the imterstices of the cinctures. The
aperture is elongated and narrow ; the columella solid, with two small folds; the outer lip
has a single, much larger fold.

The perpendicular length of the whorls is nearly equal to their transverse diameter ; the
sutures are strongly marked. The usual length of this species does not exceed an inch,
the number of volutions in large specimens not exceeding ten. ‘The coarseness of the
Great Oolite rock is not favorable to the preservation of the more delicate features of this
pretty and fragile species, so that in the greater number of instances the surface of the

GASTEROPODA. 35

whorls is nearly smooth. It occurs in all the shelly beds of the formation in Minchin-
hampton district, and may be discovered in every quarry, sometimes in great numbers.
The smallness of the object, and the state of preservation, renders it difficult to obtain
a good section of the interior; the folds upon the columella have been but imperfectly
disclosed, but there is little doubt that they are as above described ; the aperture is usually
more narrow than is represented at fig. 8a.
Locality. Minchinhampton Common; Eparcy, France.

NERIN#A STRICKLANDI. Plate VII, fig. 9, 9a.

NV. Testa cylindrico-subulatd, anfractibus latis, planatis, superne leviter convexis, suturis
profundis impressis ; cingulis scabris aut crenulatis, numerosis et approximatis, superne
evanescentibus : apertura, plicisque ignotis.

Shell cylindrical or subulate ; whorls wide, numerous, flattened, or very slightly convex
on their upper portions, their sutures strongly marked; the whorls are encircled with
numerous, closely-arranged, scabrous, or crenulated lines, which are nearly obsolete upon
their upper portions: aperture and plices unknown.

The character of the surface much resembles Cerithiwm tortile, Deslongchamps ; but the
whorls in that shell are much more convex and narrow; in the present species the length
of the whorls perpendicularly is about equal to their transverse diameter.

Locality. The Stonesfield slate on the borders of Minchinhampton Common has
furnished our specimens ; they have occurred rarely, and only in fragments; when perfect,
the length must be considerable.

Nerina punotata, Voltz. Plate VII, fig. 10, 10a, 4, c.

Nerina punotata, Voléz. and Bronn. Jahrb., 1836, p. 559, t. 6, fig. 23.
a — ° Bronn. Index Palzont., p. 803.

NV. Testa turrito-conicd, anfractibus sub-gradatis, cingulatis, cingulis binis ternisve nodu-
losis ; columella solida, biplicatd, labro dextro uniplicato.

Shell elongated, conical, with a regular spiral angle of about 18°; whorls flat, pro-
jecting at the upper part beyond the whorl above, and thus giving a step-like outline to the
shell; ornamented with two or three transverse finely-knotted rings: columella solid.
Three internal folds, viz.: one strong sharp fold on the middle of the outer lip; one smaller
fold on the columella, a little lower than the former, and a blunt thick fold on the top of
the whorl near to the columella. Aperture rhomboidal, rather higher than wide.

This is a more regular and elegant shell than JV. Voltziz, to which it is so nearly allied,
that worn specimens of the two species may easily be confounded: in that case the
NV. punctata may be distinguished by its step-like outline, flatter base, and longer and

36 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

sharper folds on the columella. With JV. elegans (Thurm.) it may perhaps be identical, in
which case that name must be adopted for it: until this is decided we must call our shell
VV. punctata, as it is clearly the species so designated by Voltz.

Sutural angle, about 92°

Basal angle, about 120°

Length, from 1 to 2 inches.

Locality. Found in the shelly beds near Minchinhampton, and more frequently in the

quarries to the north of the vale of Chalford.

Nerin#a Funicutus, Desi. Plate VII, fig. 12, 12a, 6.
Nerin®A FuNIcULUS, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, vol. vii,
p- 186, t. 8, figs. 30—32.
— CYLINDRICA, Deslongchamps. L. c., t. 8, fig. 33.
Crrituicm Buarnyituit (?), Deslongchamps. U. ¢., t. 8, fig. 35.
Nerin®A FuNicuLosa, D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 298.

N. Testa turritd, longissimd; anfractibus superioribus concavis, transverse striatis,
inferioribus subplanis, aliis ad suturas tumescentibus, aliis vie prominulis ; columella solida,
triplicatd, labro dextro uniplicato. (Deslongchamps, 1. c.)

Shell very long and taper, but differmg in the spiral angle in different specimens from
8° to 12°; the upper whorls are concave, with a strong projection at the suture, variously
ornamented with from 5 to 10 transverse ribs of unequal fineness, one or two of which (in
very well-preserved specimens) are seen to be composed of small knobs ; the lower whorls
become gradually flatter and smoother, and finally lose all traces of ribbing: columella
solid. Four internal folds, viz.: one strong, thick fold on the outer lip, rather below the
middle of the whorl; two on the columella, of which the lower sharp and well-defined is
situated below that on the outer lip, and the upper faint and sometimes hardly visible, is
placed opposite to the upper edge of the outer fold; and one sharp and long fold on the
top of the whorl, close to the columella.

Nerinea cylindrica of Deslongchamps appears to be a tapering variety of the same shell,
in which the upper fold on the columella is ill-developed, or perhaps imperfectly seen.

This species is also closely allied to WV. fibula, N. Goodhall (not Sowerby’s species), and
N. clavus of Deslongchamps, all of which are probably one species: it differs from them in
the greater concavity of the whorls, the transverse ribbing, and the presence of the upper
small fold on the columella. It has probably been confounded with JV. fasczata of Romer—
a species which sadly wants revision.

Sutural angle, about 105°.
Basal angle, about 120°.
Length, up to 5 inches, but rarely exceeding 3 inches.

Locality. Vt is tolerably abundant in the shelly beds near Minchinhampton ; but owing
to its great fragility, large specimens can rarely be procured entire.

GASTEROPODA. 37

CrriteLita. Vov. Gen.

C. Testa turrita, spird acutd, subulatd, anfractibus planis, marginibus sepissimeé sulcatis ;
anfractu ultimo amplo ; apertura elongata, obliqud (canali (?) brevissimd) columella levigatd,
rotundata ad basim subreflead.

Shell turreted, spire acute, subulate, volutions flattened, their margins usually sulcated ;
the last whorl large, aperture lengthened and oblique, canal very short ; columella smooth,
rounded, and slightly reflected at the base; outer lip thin.

This genus is constituted to receive several species of subulate univalves, usually smooth,
but sometimes sculptured longitudinally, which seem to be equally removed from Zeredra
on the one hand, and Cerithiwm on the other; from the genus Fusus they are still more
remote. ‘The increased size of the last whorl, together with the elongated narrow aperture,
detach it from the Cerithiz ; neither has it the decided twist of the columella, which we
find in Zerebra; the base never terminates in a notch, but in a narrow, very short,
channel, which is turned slightly forwards and outwards ; the whorls are generally flattened,
the length of the spire exceeding that of the aperture.

The Certtelle, from their individual number and variety of species, constitute an
important group in the Great Oolite univalves. The delicacy of the outer lip is such, that
a specimen with that part perfect has scarcely ever been obtained, the remaining portion
usually giving to the base the aspect of a short channel, slightly directed outwards. It is
certain, however, that in several of these species the base of the aperture is very narrow,
and slightly twisted, approaching nearly to the channelled form, a character which, together
with that furnished by the spire, separates it sufficiently from the Acfeonine properly so
called, and to which some of the species have a slight resemblance. We have, therefore,
provisionally arranged these shells in this part of the series, until the characters of the
aperture are more fully developed.

Crrivetia acuta. Plate V, figs. 17, 17a, 18, 18a.

C. Testa turritd, levigatd ; spird elatd, acutd ; anfractibus (6) convexiusculis ; apertura
obliqua angustatd, caudd recurvd brevi.

Shell turreted, smooth; spire elevated, acute; whorls (6) rather convex, aperture
oblique, narrow ; canal recurved and short.

The figure of this species varies considerably. The young shells are usually the most
subulate. The length of the last volution is generally half that of the entire shell. Axis
10 lines, transverse diameter 4 lines.

Locality. Yt is numerous in all the shelly beds in the vicinity of Minchinhampton.

38 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

CERITELLA UNILINEATA, Sow., sp. Plate V, fig. 13.

BuccrinUM UNILINEATUM, Sow. 1825. Min. Con., t. 486, figs. 5, 6.
— — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 139.
PURPURINA UNILINEATA, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

C. Testé parva, ovato-elongatd, gibbosd ; spird acutd ; anfractibus (i—8) angustatis,
superne planis et subangulatis.

Shell small, ovately elongated, gibbose,; spire acute; whorls (7—8) narrow, flattened
in their upper portions or subangulated.

This little gibbose shell has a spire about equal in length to the last whorl; the whorls
are bevilled near to their upper junctions, or slightly depressed, which gives the appearance
of a line or furrow encircling them. Axis 44 lines, transverse diameter 2 lines; but the

Ancliff specimens are usually smaller.
Locality. The white stone of Bussage has furnished only one specimen near Minchin-

hampton ; but it is much more abundant at Ancliff.

CeRITELLA PLANATA. Plate V, figs. 14, 14a.

C. Testa turritad, acutd ; anfractibus angustatis, numerosis, planis ad basim unilineatis ,
apertura et caudd ut in C. acuta. .

Shell turreted, acute; whorls narrow, numerous, flattened; a single encircling line is
placed at the lower part of each whorl, a little above the suture; aperture and canal as in
C. acuta. Axis 44 lines, transverse diameter 24 lines.

Locality. Rare: the specimen figured is from the white stone of Eastcombs, in the

parish of Bisley.

CrRITELLA Sowersil. Plate V, fig. 16.

C. Testa turritd, subfusiformi, acutd ; anfractibus (I—8) conveaiusculis, infra suturam
unilineatis ; aperturd obliqua, elongata ; caudd brevi.

Shell turreted, subfusiform, acute; whorls (7—8) slightly convex, with a transverse
line beneath the suture ; aperture oblique, lengthened ; canal short.

This species varies considerably in the elevation of the spire. Axis 8 lines, transverse

diameter 3 lines.
Locality. Vt occurs in the upper portion of the shelly beds, both north and south of

the vale of Brimscomb. It is rare.

GASTEROPODA. 39

CERITELLA MITRALIS. Plate V, fig. 15.

C. Testa conicd, apice acuminatd, anfractibus (7) angustatis, planis, marginibus sub-
tumescentibus ; apertura parvd,obliqud ; canal brevi.

Shell conical, apex acute, whorls (7) narrow, flattened, ther upper margins slightly
turned ; aperture small, oblique; canal short.

This species is unusually short and conical. Axis 5 lines, transverse diameter 3 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common, where it is rare.

CrRITELLA contca. Plate V, figs. 10, 10a, 104, 10c.

C. Testé turritd, acutd ; anfractibus angustatis planis (8) ; costis longitudinalibus, a
dextro ad sinistram obliquis ; aperturd angustatd, canali obliquo.

‘Shell turreted, acute; whorls narrow, flattened (8), with longitudinal oblique ribs,
passing obliquely from right to left ; aperture narrow, canal oblique.

The upper margin of each whorl has a slight encircling rib, which is united to the
oblique costa. The character of the markings in this species resembles C. gidéosa ; but in
that species, although the whorls are equally numerous, the spire is very small, and the
canal is almost obsolete. The length of the last whorl is two fifths of the entire shell.
Axis 63 lines, transverse diameter 3 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common and white stone of Bussage
have furnished it but rarely.

CERITELLA GiBBosA. Plate IX, fig. 17.

C. Testa parva turritd, spird mediocriter elatd, apice acuto, anfractibus planatis, angus-
tatis et angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis ; costis numerosis, a dextro ad sinistram obliquis ;
anfractu ultimo, magno ; aperturd obliqud, angustatd et elongata.

Shell small, turreted; spire moderately elevated ; apex acute; whorls flattened at the
sides, narrow, and angulated at their upper portions; longitudinally costated; costae
numerous, directed obliquely from right to left; the last whorl large; aperture oblique,
narrow, and elongated.

The angle of the whorls is slightly thickened and prominent; the costa are distinct
immediately beneath it, but are not discernible upon the lower portion of the whorls. The
length of the aperture is equal to the remaining portion of the shell. The specimen figured
is rather more gibbose than usually obtains, for the proportions vary, but in point of size
there is no considerable difference. It is somewhat rare, and occurs in the soft shelly
Oolite which underlies the planking. Axis 3 nes.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

40 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

CERITELLA Lonetscata, Buv. sp. Plate IX, fig. 14.

PLEUROTOMA LONGIscATA, Buvignier. Meém. Soc. Philom., Verdun, 1843, pl. 6, fig. 8.

Testa parvd, turritd, elongata ; apice acuto; anfractibus (9—10) subplanatis ; costis
longitudinalibus rectis numerosis, carinatis ; carind unicd marginali ; apertura angustata ;
cauda subrectd.

Shell smooth, turreted, elongated; apex acute; whorls (9—10) rather flattened, with
longitudinal, straight, numerous ribs; and a single encircling smooth carina upon the
upper margin of the whorls; aperture narrow, canal straight, short. Axis 3 lines.

Locality. his little species accompanies its allied forms in the soft shelly Oolite
beneath the planking of Mimchinhampton Common. It is very rare.

CrritELLA RissorpEs, Buv.sp. Plate IX, fig. 7.

? PLEUROTOMA RISSOIDES, Buvignier. Mém. Soe. Philom., Verdun, 1842, pl. 6, fig. 9.

Testa parva, turritd ; spird mediocri elata ; apice acuto ; anfractibus angustatis, posticis
carinatis, carind rotundatd ; costis longitudinalibus, rectis, subincurvis ; anfractu ultimo
elongato ; apertura angustatd.

Shell turreted, spure moderately elevated, apex acute, whorls narrow, carinated at their
posterior margin; carina rounded; cost longitudinal, straight, or shghtly curved; last
whorl elongated ; aperture narrow. Axis 2 lines.

Locality. This pretty minute species is usually found in the soft shelly Oolite beneath
the planking of Michinhampton Common. — It is somewhat rare.

Famnily—N aTiciD&.
Natica, Adanson. 1757. Lam.

The species of WVatica in the Great Oolite are divisible into two groups; one the
Natica proper, the others we have arranged in the sub-group Huspira, a name suggested by
Agassiz, for those species which have the spire more or less elevated, and the volutions
distinct.

The Natice, though consisting of a considerable number of species, have, with one
exception, furnished but a small number of individuals; and those belonging to the sub-
group Huspira are all rare in the Great Oolite.

GASTEROPODA. 41

NatIca.

Shell subglobose, thick, smooth ; spire pointed, more or less elevated, of few volutions ;
aperture large, oblique, ovate, entire ; columella lip oblique, thickened, the umbilicus being
nearly covered by a deposition of shelly matter upon the columella; outer lip simple,
smooth.

NavIca INTERMEDIA. Plate VI, figs. 1, la.

NV. Testa ovata, spird elatd, anfractibus (5) convexis, angustis, superne planis ; averturd
ovato-elongatd, basi lata.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, whorls (5) convex, narrow, flattened above ; aperture ovately
elongated, base wide.

The general contour of this shell approaches nearer to Watica adducta, Phillips, than
any other Great Oolite species which we have examined. Its position is intermediate to
that species and our Watica Stricklandi, which latter species is more elongated. In all
these shells the upper portion of the whorls is horizontal; but in WV. adducta it is even
depressed as it approaches the suture, forming a narrow channel. JV. intermedia is more
ovate, or less globose, than NV. adducta. Yn that species the transversal is equal to the
longitudinal diameter ; but in JV. ¢xtermedia the dimensions are as follow: Length 2 inches,
breadth 1 inch 7 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common has supplied the few specimens
we have met with.

Natica Granpis, Goldf. Plate VI, fig. 12.

Natica GRaNpIS, Goldfuss. Petref., iii, p. 118, t. 199, fig. 8.
_ — Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 783.

NV. Testa globoso-depressd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus convexiusculis, ultimo anfractu
ventricoso ; margine depresso ; apertura semilunari ; umbilico tecto.

Shell globose, depressed; spire little elevated; whorls rather convex, their margins
rather depressed, the last volution ventricose ; the aperture large, semilunar ; the umbilicus
covered by a callosity of the lip.

We have only met with three examples of this species: two of these were obtained
from the upper limestone beds, the other from the planking. The general form is more
ventricose, and the last whorl more expanded, than either of our other species. ‘The nearest
approximation to it is the Vatica adducta, Phillips, of which, possibly, our shell may only
exhibit a more advanced stage of growth; but as the spire of that species is more produced,
and as our shell perfectly agrees with the species figured by Goldfuss, we prefer, for the
present, to retain his designation.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

42 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Narica Srrickuanpi. Plate XI, figs. 24, 24a.

NV. Testa ovatd, spird elatd, anfractibus convewiusculis, superne rotundatis, suturis sub-
depressis ; apertura oblique ovata ; basi angustatd.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, whorls rather convex, rounded above, their sutures slightly
depressed ; aperture oblique and ovate; base attenuated.

The length of the aperture scarcely exceeds half of the entire shell; the whorls, which
are not numerous, are moderately wide, and somewhat flattened at their base; the apex is
rather obtuse, and the general form is more cylindrical than is usual with shells of this
genus, the largest transverse diameter being only equal to the length of the last and penul-
timate whorl. We have only obtained two specimens which occurred in the soft shelly
Oolite underlying the planking, but, judging from casts, we should be inclined to believe
the upper portion of the formation likewise contains it. It has been named as a trifling
tribute of respect to H. E. Strickland, Esq., one of the few English geologists who, of late
years, have contributed to our knowledge of the Oolitic system.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

Natica Formosa. Plate VI, fig. 10.

NV. Testd ovato-elongatd, spird elatd, anfractibus (5) convewis, ultimo anfrdactu oblique
ventricoso ; apertura magna ovata ; bast rotundatd, labro sinistro excavato.

Shell ovately-elongated, spire elevated, whorls (5) convex, the last whorl ventricose and
oblique ; the aperture large, ovate, the inner lip excavated, the base rounded.

We were at first disposed to refer this species to MVatica elegans, Sowerby, but an
examination of additional specimens has convinced us of its specific distinctness. As com-
pared with that species, the spire is always much larger, and less angulated, and the
aperture bears a much less proportion to the entire length, its longer diameter scarcely
amounting to three fifths of the entire length of the shell. It occurs both in the planking
and upper portion of the formation, but is somewhat rare. Length 26 lines, breadth
20 lines. ‘The apex, when perfect, is more acute than our figure represents.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

Natica Tancrepi. Plate VI, fig. 11.

NV. Testa ovatd, spird elatd, anfractibus (5) angustatis in medio subangulatis ; apice
obtuso ; anfractu ultimo subcylindrico, permagno ; apertura obliqua angustata ; basi sub-
acuminata.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, whorls (5) narrow, somewhat angulated in their middle
portions ; the apex is obtuse, the last whorl is very large, and subcylindrical ; the aperture
oblique and narrow, the base somewhat pointed.

GASTEROPODA. 43

The narrowness of the base, narrow subangular whorls, obtuse apex, and subcylindrical
figure of the last whorl, are the prominent features.
_ It has been named in compliment to Sir ‘Thomas Tancred, Bart., the founder of the
Cotswold Naturalists’ Club.

Locality. 'The fine specimen figured was obtained in the hard white limestone of the
upper portion of the Great Oolite formation near Minchinhampton, but it likewise occurs
in the planking, being rare in both situations.

Narica etososa, Roem. Plate VI, fig. 14.

Natica GLoBosa, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 156, pl. 10, f. 9.
-- - Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 785.

NV. Testé globosd, obliqua, ovato-orbiculari, hemisphericéd ; spird latd, prominuld ;
apertura subreniformi ; umbilico amplo.

Shell globose, oblique, ovately orbicular, hemispherical ; spire large, but not much
elevated ; aperture kidney-shaped ; umbilicus large..

All our specimens have been obtained from the upper or limestone portion of the Great
Oolite; we have, consequently, been able to obtain only portions of the shell. The figure
approacheg so near to some of the casts of Purpuroidea Moreausia, that it is difficult, in
the absence of nodules, to distinguish them. Our species is, however, more depressed, and
the preserved portions of the shell are thicker than in the Purpuroidea; but we should
always expect to find some traces of nodules in well-preserved casts of the latter genus.
Length 14 lines, breadth 16 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

NATICA NERITOIDEA. Plate VI, fig. 4.

NV. Testad oblique-ovatd; spird parvd, obtusd, depressd; anfractu ultimo elongato ;
apertura angustald, obliqua ; labio interno calloso.

Shell smooth, oblique, ovate; spire small, depressed, and obtuse, the last whorl
elongated and narrow at the base; the aperture narrow and oblique, the inner lip
thickened.

Two examples, with the shell partially preserved, are our authority. They are remark-
able for the rounded and depressed form of the spire, which gives it a truncated aspect : it is
likewise turned to one side simulating a Verita. The form of the aperture and base is more
narrow or contracted than any other Great Oolite species. Length 13 lines, width 9 lines.

Locality. A bed of sandy limestone, about 100 feet above the Fullers-earth.

44 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

NatIca VERNEUILI, Archiac. Plate VI, figs. 6, 6a, 7, Ta.

NatiIca VERNEUILI, Archiac. 1843. Mem. Soc. Géol. France, t. 5, p. 378, pl. 30, fig. 3.
_ — Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 788.
— _— D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 299.

NV. Testa subhemisphericd, spird elatd, anfractibus (5) angustis et convexiusculis, apicé
acuto ; anfractu ultimo per magno, ventricoso ; aperturd magna semilunari; basi lata et
rotundatd.

Shell subhemispherical, spire elevated, whorls (5) narrow and slightly convex, apex of
the spire acute, last whorl very large and ventricose, aperture large, semilunar, base wide
and rounded.

The planking has supplied the only good specimens of this rare species. It would
also seem to occur in the calcareo-arenaceous beds of the upper portion of the formation,
judging by the aspect of casts. Length 23 lines, breadth 22 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton. Eparcy, France.

Natica Micuetini, Archiac. Plate VI, figs. 2, 2a, 3, 3a.

Narica MicHELini, drchiac. 1843: Mem. Géol. Soc. France, t. 5, p. 377, pl. 30, fig. 1.
— _— Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 785. y
— — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 299.

NV. Testé ovata, spird parva, apice submamillato ; anfractu ultimo elonyato, basi lata ;
apertura superne angustatd ; labro interno calloso conveviusculo.

Shell ovate, spire small; apex submamillated, last whorl elongated, its base wide ;
aperture narrow above ; lip somewhat thickened, straight, and convex.

The straight border of the inner lip, its convexity, and the minute spire, sufficiently
characterise it. The spire consists of 5 or 6 whorls, of which the first two or three form a
minute mamillated apex. Our figures sufficiently represent the varieties of form, of which
the more elongated is the most common. ‘The planking contains it not unfrequently ; and
some beds in the upper limestones contain numerous casts, which can scarcely be referred
to any other shell.

Length of the globose variety 18 lines, width 16 lines; length of the elongated variety
18 lines, width 13 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton. Eparcy and Sancerre, France.

Natica amBieva. Plate VI, fig. 5.

? CassIS EPARCYENSIS, Archiac. 1843. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, tom. v, p. 385,
pl. 31, fig. 10.
? ACTEONINA EPARCYENSIS, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.

GASTEROPODA. 45

NV. Testa hemisphericé, spird parvd, depressd ; apice acuto ; anfractibus angustatis,
planis, anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; apertura ellipticd.

Shell hemispherical, spire small, depressed; the apex acute; whorls narrow and
flattened, the last whorl ventricose; aperture of moderate size, and elliptical; inner lip
rounded.

The general figure approaches to globular, except at the base of the spire, which is
flattened, and only the small volutions rise above the wide and flattened upper surface of
the last whorl; the base is comparatively narrow; the inner lip is gracefully curved, but
not apparently thickened, nor is there any trace of an umbilical fissure. One specimen only
was obtained in the planking. It is imperfect about the outer lip, and scarcely half the
dimensions of the shell figured by D’Archiac. Length 10 lines, breadth 10 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton ; Eparcy, France.

Sub-Genus—Huspira, Ag.

Shell smooth, ovate; spire elevated; of few whorls, which are angulated, the angles
sometimes taking the form of a carma; less frequently the last whorl has a second carina,
or the carina becomes nodulous or tuberculated ; aperture entire, elliptical, modified by the
angle of the whorl; base wide, rounded; pillar lip smooth and excavated, outer lip thin
and smooth.

The Great Oolite shells referable to this genus are all rare. One of them, however
(#. canaliculata), though rare in this formation, is abundant in the middle division of the
Inferior Oolite.

Huspira CANALicuLaTa.* Plate XI, fig. 23, 23a.

E.. Testa oblonga, spird sub-exsertd, apice acuto, anfractibus angulosis, angulis acutis;
anfractibus superne profunde canaliculatis, inferne sub-conveais; anfractu ultimo obliquo,
basi attenuata; apertura ellipticd, fissurd umbilict angustata.

Shell oblong, spire but little elevated, apex acute, whorls angulated, the angles acute,
the upper portion of the whorls deeply channelled, their lower portions rather convex, the
last whorl oblique, its base attenuated; aperture elliptical, the umbilical fissure narrow.
Several obscure encircling lines may be traced upon the middle of the last whorl. The
specific characters of this shell are so strongly marked that it will not readily be mistaken
for any other; several specimens have been extracted from the limestone beds in the upper
portion of the Great Oolite; but in the middle beds of the Inferior Oolite in Gloucester-

1 Although we have provisionally arranged this and the four following species under a sub-genus of
Natica, they present considerable affinities to the Palaeozoic genus, Scalites (Hall), in the lines of growth
haying the appearance of a slight fissure where the angle occurs in the volution.

vi

46 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

shire it is much more common. Length 14 lnes, breadth 12 lines, length of aperture
10 lines, breadth 6 lines.
Locality. Minchinhampton.

Espira SHARPEI. Plate XI, fig. 22.

E. Testé oblonga; spird elatd, apice acuto, anfractibus angulosis; angulis acutis et
prominentibus, superne tabulatis, inferne planis; apertura magna, labro sinistro excavato et
umbilicato.

Shell oblong, spire elevated, its apex acute, volutions angulated, the angles acute and
prominent, the upper surfaces of the whorls nearly flat, but rising a little towards the
suture, the lower portion flattened; aperture large, inner lip excavated with an open
umbilicus.

This species most nearly resembles #. canaliculata, but in the present shell the spire
is very much more elevated; the upper surfaces of the whorls are not channelled, and their
lower portions are not convex.

Locality. Minchinhampton. It is very rare, and has been found only in the planking.
Length 18 lines, breadth 15 lines.

Named in compliment to D. Sharpe, Hsq., F.R.S.

Euspira PYRAMIDATA. Plate VI, fig. 8, 8a.

EB. Testé ovatd, spird elatd, pyramidatd, apice acuminato, anfractibus (4) angulatis ;
angulo in carinam obtusam producto; anfractibus superne tabulatis, inferne planis, apertura
ovata, basi rotundatd, fissurd angusta.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, pyramidal, apex pointed, whorls (4) angulated, the angle
forming an obtuse carina; upper surface of the whorls tabulated, lower flattened, aperture
ovate, base rounded, umbilical fissure narrow.

In this species the spire and aperture are nearly of equal length, beneath the angle of
the body whorl a slight depression is perceptible; the flattened upper area of the whorls
is narrow compared with the other contemporaneous species.

Locality. Minchinhampton. It occurs in the planking, and is rare.

Evsrira coronata. Plate VI, fig. 9.

EL. Testa subglobosd, spird elatd, anfractibus (4—5) angulatis, angulis nodulatis ; nodulis
numerosis ; anfractibus superne tabulatis, inferne subplanis ; anfractu ultimo globoso, carinis
duobus nodosis cincto ; aperturd magna ellipticd, basi rotundatd ; umbilico parvo.

GASTEROPODA. 47

Shell subglobose, spire elevated, whorls (4—5) angulated, the angles nodulated, the
nodules being small and numerous; the whorls are flattened above and beneath the angle ;
the last whorl is globose, and has two encircling nodulous carine, with a depression between
them ; the aperture is large and elliptical; the base rounded and wide ; the pillar lip with
an open umbilicus.

This may be regarded as an aberrant form of Zwuspira, in which the carina becomes
nodulous ; the nodules, however, are not prominent nor large, those of the second carma
being smaller, more numerous, and rather indistinct. ‘There is also a slight sulcus between
the carinze which are comected together by obscure elevations, but these merely appear as
slight plications. The general form being globose, and the carina broken into nodules,
renders its aspect less angular than is usual in the genus. Length 21 lines, breadth
19 lines. rl

Locality. Minchinhampton: the planking has furnished our only example.

EvsPira suBCANALIcULATA. Plate VI, fig. 13.

EB. Testa oblonga ; spira sub-exserta ; anfractibus (4) angulosis, marginibus subdepressis,
superne tabulatis, inferné subconvexis; anfractu ultimo obliquo; aperturd subtrigond;
obliqua, basi angustata ; labro interno calloso umbilicum obtigente.

Shell oblong; spire but little elevated; whorls (4) angulated, their margins rather
depressed, flattened above the angle, and rather convex beneath; the last whorl oblique ;
aperture subtrigonal, the last whorl oblique, the base narrow; the imer lip thickened, and
covering an umbilicus.

Unfortunately we possess only one specimen of this little shell, which was obtained in
the planking; it may possibly be a young variety of £. canaliculata, in which the upper
portions of the whorls may become channelled with advance of growth, and the general
figure more globose; the appearance of the inner lip and umbilicus, however, are certainly
different ; and we, therefore, prefer to keep this as a distinct species. Length 8 lines,
breadth 7 lines.

Locality. _Minchimhampton.

Family—PYRAMIDELLIDA.

Evutima, Risso. 1826.

Turreted, smooth, pyramidal; spire long, consisting of numerous whorls ; apex acute,
slightly tortuous; aperture oval, rounded anteriorly; outer lip slightly thickened ; colu-

mella smooth.

48 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Evitrma communis. Plate IX, figs. 21, 21a.

EL. Testé turritd, levigatd; spird regulari, obtusd ; anfractibus subplanis in etate
juniori, etate progrediente convexis ; apertura ovatd ; labro tenui.

Shell turreted, smooth; spire regular, obtuse; whorls rather flattened in the young
state, but with advanced age more convex; aperture ovate; lip thin.

When young the shell is much more flattened and obtuse ; but in all stages of growth
the junctions of the whorls are strongly marked—the oldest specimens have the lines of
growth strongly developed upon the last volution. The contrast between the peculiar
flatness and almost conical figure of the young shells and older specimens which have lost
their apex is so great, that without the assistance of intermediate forms they would
probably be regarded as distinct species. The length never exceeds an inch.

Locality. ‘This is decidedly the most common univalve of the Great Oolite, and occurs
in all the shelly beds, more especially in the soft shelly Oolite beneath the planking at
Minchinhampton Common.

Eviima pyemma. Plate IX, fig. 1.

LL. Testa levigatd, turrita ; spird obtusa ; anfractibus paucis, subplanis ; apertura sub-
contractd.

Shell smooth, turreted; spire obtuse; whorls few, nearly flat; aperture oblique, and
somewhat contracted laterally.

The last whorl is large, its length bemg half of that of the entire shell; the obtuseness
of the spire, fewer volutions, nearly cylindrical figure, and obliquity of the aperture,
separate it from 7. vagans.

Locality. A single specimen is all we have met with: it occurred in the white stone

of Bussage.

Euviima vacans. Plate IX, figs. 3, 4.

EF. Testé turritd, levi, elatéd; spird acutd, anfractibus paucis subplanis; apertura
ovata ; labro deatro subexpanso.

Shell turreted, smooth, elevated; spire acute; whorls few, high, and nearly flat ;
aperture ovate; right lip somewhat expanded.

The last whorl is nearly equal in length to all the others together.

Locality. t occurs in the shelly planking rarely; and a few casts have also been
obtained in the upper portion of the formation, east of Minchinhampton.

GASTEROPODA. 49

Euxima suscioposa. Plate IX, fig. 6

LL. Testa levi, ovato-conicd ; spird subcontorta ; anfractibus convexis, angustatis, anfractu
ultimo subgloboso ; apertura obliqua, ovata.

Shell smooth, ovately conical; spire rather contorted; whorls convex, narrow, the last
whorl subglobose ; aperture oblique and ovate.

A small globose species, the spire of which is rather angular, its length beg somewhat
less than that of the last whorl.

Locality. tis rare, and occurs in the soft shelly Oolite of Minchmhampton Common.

Cuemnitzia, D’ Orbigny. 1839.

Shell turreted, elongated, not umbilicate ; volutions numerous, frequently costulated ;
aperture oval or angular, anteriorly large, retracted Posies columella straight and
smooth ; outer lip thin and smooth.

Cuemnitzia Lonspater. Plate VIII, figs. 13, 13a.

C. Testé turritd, apice acuto, levigato ; anfractibus in medio profundeé constrictis vel
sulcatis, suturis viz impressis ; aperturd, elongato-ovatd, superne constricta,

Shell turreted, elongated, acute, smooth; whorls deeply constricted, or sulcated in their
middle part; sutures of the whorls sometimes scarcely distinguishable ; aperture elongated
and ovate, narrow posteriorly.

For the first four volutions the mesial depression is but slightly marked; but it gradu-
ally increases in depth, the last two or three whorls being deeply grooved. Several oolitic
species approach this shell, more especially the M/e/ania lineata of the Mineral Conchology
and the JZ. procera of Deslongchamps; in the latter species, however, the concavity of the
whorls is always very slight, and is sometimes not appreciable. Axis 3 inches 3 lines ;
transverse diameter 10 lines; length of aperture 10 lines; breadth of aperture 5 lines.

Locality. Our species is moderately rare; it has been found only in the planking of
Minchinhampton Common.

Named after W. Lonsdale, Esq., F.G.S., whose valued contributions to Geology,
especially among the oolitic series, are well known.

CHEMNITZIA sIMPLEX. Plate VII, fig. 15.

C. Testd magna, turritd, elongata, levi; anfractibus convexts, suturis profunde impressis,
aperturd obliqud ovatd ; columellé marginatd, rotundatd, subrecta ; labro interno effuso.

Shell turreted, elongated, smooth; whorls convex, the sutures deeply impressed, aperture
oblique, ovate; columella marginated, rounded, nearly straight ; mner lip effuse.

50 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

In this large species the volutions are high and globose, the base of the shell is rather
contracted.
Locality. The few specimens found, have been obtained from the planking; the fine
example figured is from the hard weatherstone of Bisley Common.

Cuemnitzia Hamptonensis. Plate VII, figs. 1, 1a.

C. Testé elongato-conicd, spird mediocriter obtusa; anfractibus (10—11) plans et
costatis; costis longitudinalibus (20—22) numerosis, rectis, vel subflexuosis; apertura parva,
clliptica.

Shell conical, but much elongated; spire, with the apex, somewhat obtuse; whorls
(10—11) flattened and costated ; costee numerous, perpendicular, but slightly bent in the
middle, inclining from left to right ; aperture small, and elliptical.

The whorls are narrow, their axis being equal only to half their transverse diameter ;
the cost are narrow, and moderately elevated in young specimens, but after seven
volutions have been formed, became much more faintly marked, and finally are obsolete ;
the less subulate form and very narrow whorls separate it from Zerebra vetusta (Phil. Geol.
York., t.9, f.11), to which the markings upon its surface have a near resemblance.
Axis of largest specimen 15 lines; transverse diameter 5 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common and vicinity, where it is moderately rare: it is
usually found in the soft oolite beneath the planking.

Cuemnirzia Leckensyt. Plate VII, fig. 4.

C. Testé parvd, levigati, subulatd ; anfractibus numerosis, subplunis, superne converts,
anfractu ultimo symmetrico.

Shell small, smooth, subulate, acute; whorls numerous, narrow, flattened, except upon
their upper portions, where they are convex ; the last whorl symmetrical.

This small species approaches in figure two contemporaneous:species, viz., the young
state of Nerinea Voltzii and of Eulima? communis; from the former of these it is dis-
tinguished by the greater flatness of the whorls; from the young state of the latter by the
much greater number of whorls, more subulate form, and acute apex. Axis 33 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

CHEMNITZIA WETHERELLIS. Plate VII, figs. 5, 5a.

C. Testé cylindrico-elongata ; anfractibus numerosis (12) subconveais, longitudinaliter
costatis ; costis (14) rectis obtusis ; apertura parva, ovata.

Shell cylindrical, elongated, whorls numerous (about 12), somewhat convex, longi-
tudinally costated ; costee perpendicular, obtuse, closely arranged, about 14 in a volution ;
aperture small, ovate.

GASTEROPODA. 51

A small, slender species, with closely-arranged costa, which are rather large, but not
much elevated; the sutures of the whorls are strongly marked ; it is rare, but has occurred
im more than one of the shelly beds. Axis 10 lines; transverse diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

This species is named in compliment to our kind and liberal friend, N.'T. Wetherell,
Ksq., F.G.S.

CHEMNITZIA vaRtABILIs. Plate VIII, figs. 7, 7a, 4.

C. Testa turritd, subulata ; anfractibus converiusculis, transversim striatis, plus minusve
erenulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis curvatis circa 12 in ambitu; costis interdum inter-
ruptis nodulosis ; apertura ellipticd obliqua ; columellé marginatd.

Shell turreted, subulate ; whorls rather convex, transversely striated, striae more or less
longitudinally costated, costae curved, about 12 in a volution ; ribs sometimes obsolete, and
replaced by nodules ; aperture elliptical, oblique ; columella marginated.

Specimens differ in the convexity of the whorls, those which are most convex have the
ribs shortest, or reduced merely to nodules placed upon the upper border of each whorl: in
all specimens the costa become obsolete before reaching the base of each whorl. Occa-
sionally upon the same specimen the ribs degenerate into nodules, only the smaller whorls
are then costated. This species was first mistaken for Melania undulata (Deslongchamps);
but in that shell the sides of the volutions are flat, the costae are more numerous, and
extend to the junction of the whorls, and have no curvature except in the last one;
they are likewise less subulate than im our species. Axis 5 lines; transverse diameter
15 lines.

Locality. Vt is abundant in all the shelly beds of the Great Oolite, near Minchin-
hampton.

CHEMNITZIA PHASIANOIDES. Plate IX, fig. 5.

C. Testa ovato-subcylindricad, spird elatd, apice obtuso ; anfractibus (5) planis, anfractu
ultimo subcylindrico, elongato ; apertura obliqud ; labro dilatato.

Shell ovately-subcylindrical, spire elevated, apex obtuse, whorls (5) flattened, the last
whorl subcylindrical, elongated ; aperture oblique; outer lip dilated.

This species has a considerable resemblance to Lulima vagans, but the spire is much
shorter, the whorls are fewer, and the apex is more obtuse ; the aperture is rather narrow, its
length being two fifths of the entire shell.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common has furnished our specimens.

52 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Family—LitTToRINIDz&.

Rissoina, D’ Orbigny. 1842.

Shell turreted, acuminated; spire long, consisting of several whorls; aperture oval,
rather pointed at the two extremities; outer lip thickened, emarginated; columella

rounded, straight.

Rissomna DupLicata, Sow. Plate IX, fig. 10.

Rissoa Dupiticata, Sow. 1829. Min. Con., t. 609, fig. 4.
— — Brown. Ilust. Foss. Conch., t. 38, figs. 14, 15.
— Morris, Cat. Brit. Fossils, p. 161.
— — Bronn, Index Palont., p. 1092.
Rissorna DupLicata, D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 297.
oo — D'Orb. Pal. Frang. Terr. Jurass., t. 237, figs. 1, 2.

A. Testéd parva turritd, acuta; anfractibus (6) in medio angulatis ; costulis longi-
tudinalibus angustatis, remotiusculis ; carind unica in medio anfractuum sitd ; anfractu
ultimo, costulis numerosis longitudinalibus rectis ornato, carina evanescente.

Shell small, turreted, acute; whorls (6) angulated, with remote, narrow, longitudinal
coste ; each whorl has a low carina, situated a little beneath its middle part; the last
whorl has very numerous small, longitudimal and straight ribs; the carina is scarcely dis-
cernible upon the last whorl. The costa upon the last whorl are twice as numerous as
upon the spire, and the figure of the whorl is nearly cylindrical, or slightly biangulated ;
and the carina becomes obsolete; the 2ssoa unicarina of Buvignier, and the Fusus cari-
natus of Roémer, approach very nearly to this species, with which they may possibly
be identical ; judging from the descriptions, however, there are certain points of distinction
which appear to separate them from our species. Length 2 lines.

Locality. Ancliff and Minchinhampton Common ; at the latter place it is very rare,
and found only in the beds of planking.

Rissoina opiievata, Sow. Plate IX, fig. 19.

Rissoa OBLIQuATA, Sow. 1829 Min. Con., t. 609, fig. 3.
_— — Brown. Must. Foss. Conch., p. 79, t. 38, figs. 19, 20.
— -- Bronn. Index Palzeont., p. 1093.

Rissorna OBLIQUATA, D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 297.

R. Testa turritd, turbinatd, acutd ; anfractibus (6—7) convexis et costatis; costs a

dextro ad sinistram obliquis.

GASTEROPODA. 53

Shell turreted, turbinated, acute; whorls (6—7) convex and costated ; coste oblique,
directed from right to left.

The cost are rather more elevated than in &. acuta, and the entire figure is more
turbiniform, the whorls being much more convex. Length from 25 to 3 lines.

Locality. Ancliff; also very rarely at Minchmhampton Common, in the planking.

Rissorna acuta, Sow. Plate IX, fig. 9.

Rissoa acura, Sow. 1829. Min. Con., t. 609, fig. 2.
—- — Brown. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 79, t. 38, figs. 25, 26.
— — Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 1090.

Rissorna acuta, D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 297.

R. Testé parva, turritd, acuta; anfractibus convexiusculis 6, costulis angustatis subre-
motis longitudinalibus; apertura ovata; labio dextro expanso.

Shell small, turreted, acute; whorls (6) slightly convex, with narrow, rather remote,
longitudinal ribs ; aperture oval; right lip expanded.

The surface is nearly smooth; the longitudinal ribs, or rather lines, scarcely affecting
the evenness of the surface ; it is the most slender example of the genus which the Great
Oolite has produced. Length, 3 lines.

Locality. Ancliff; and very rarely Minchinhampton Common, in the planking.

RIssOINA CANCELLATA. Plate IX, figs. 12, 12a.

R. Testa turbinatd, turritd, acuta; anfractibus convewis (8), angustis, transverse costatis;
costis (6—7) inequalibus, lineis longitudinalibus decussatis ; apertura lata.

Shell turreted, turbinated, acute; whorls convex (8), narrow, transversely costated ;
costae (6—7) unequal, decussated by longitudinal lines; aperture wide.

The upper costz of each whorl are smaller and more approximated than the lower ; the
convexity of the whorls is chiefly upon their lower portions; the fine longitudinal lines
crossing the narrow encircling costz give to the surface a cancellated aspect ; the aperture
is acute above, rounded beneath.

Locality. The soft Oolite beneath the planking of Minchinhampton Common furnished
this pretty little shell, of which we have not seen another example.

RissoInA TRICARINATA. Plate IX, fig. 13.

R. Testa pared, turbinatd, acutd; anfractibus convexis; tricarinatis; carinis crenulatis;
carind superiore apud suturam positd; aliis in medio et approaimatis; anfractu ultimo ad
basem lineis tenuissimis notato; apertura parvd, suborbiculari.

8

54 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Shell small, turbinated, acute; whorls very convex, and thrice carinated; carine
crenulated, the upper one placed near to the suture; the others about the middle of the
whorl, and near together; the last whorl has near to its base very fine encircling lines; the
aperture is small, and nearly orbicular.

In this minute shell the largeness and roundness of the carinz, and the great convexity
of the whorls are the most prominent features.

Locality. We have procured two specimens from the white stone of Bussage ; but in
this, and probably other instances of minute shells, the small number known may indicate
rather our defective observation than the true relative numbers which they present.

Rissomna? avis, Sow. Plate IX, fig. 16.

Rissoa L&vis, Sow, 1829. Min. Con., t. 609, fig. 1.
_— — Brown. LIIlust. Foss. Conch., p. 79, t. 38, fig. 12.
_— — Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 1092.

R. Testé parva, turrita, levi, subcylindricd; anfractibus (6) subplanatis; anfractu
penultimo, et ultimo subcylindrico; aperturd parvd, obliqud.

Shell small, turreted, pomted, smooth, and subcylindrical ; whorls (6) rather flattened ;
the last whorl, and also the penultimate whorl, are nearly cylindrical ; aperture small and
oval, oblique. Length 23 and 3 lines.

Locality. Ancliff; also very rarely at Minchinhampton Common, where it has been
found in the planking.

This species scarcely exhibits the anterior notch characteristic of Rissoina.

Pacopus, Gray.

Sub-genus—AMBERLYA.

P. Testa turritd, turbinatd, apice acuto; anfractibus superneé planis, infra convexis et
nodulatis; anfractu ultimo ventricoso; apertura ovatd, integrd, labio interno calloso umbih-
cum via obtigente; suturis profunde impressis; columella nulla.

Shell turreted, turbimated, apex acute ; whorls flattened above, convex, and nodulated
beneath, the last whorl ventricose ; aperture ovate, entire ; inner lip thickened, and nearly
covering a small umbilicus ; sutures deeply impressed ; no columella.

The whorls are received into the concavity of those which succeed, the latter at their
junctions being slightly overwrapped by the former, after the manner of Scalaria; the
aperture is oval and oblique; the outer lip thin; the figure varied somewhat according to
the stage of growth, the last one or two volutions in adult specimens becoming more tumid
than the others; in such examples, therefore, the spire acquires a slightly concave figure.

GASTEROPODA. 55

This shell may be considered to form only a section of Zittorina, agreeing in the
general characters with the genus Pagodus of Gray, with which, probably, the discovery of
more perfect specimens may assimilate it.

AMBERLEYA (Pacopus) Noposa. Plate V, fig. 19.

TEREBRA NoposA, Buckman. 1845. Geol. of Cheltenham, p. 102.

A. Testé turritd, ventricosd; spird elatdé, apice acuto; anfractibus (6) infra nodulosis,
nodulis numerosis superne apud suturam cingulo nodulorum minorum ornatis; anfractu
ultimo basi costulis obscuris tribus cincto.

Shell turreted, ventricose; spire elevated; apex acute; whorls (6) convex on their lower
portions, and nodulated; the nodules closely arranged, and forming a small belt near to
the base of the whorl; another, much smaller and indistinct, circle of nodules encompasses
the whorls upon their upper portions near to the suture; the last whorl has at its base
three indistinct, narrow, encircling coste.

The number of nodules gradually increases in each volution, the last whorl having
about 18; the last two volutions are very ventricose, which give to the spire a slightly
concave figure; in the younger state, consequently, the figure is more slender than in the
adult. Our two specimens, which are of different stages of growth, present the following
proportions : — Adult. Axis 24 lines, transverse diameter 15 lines, length of aperture 11
lines, breadth of aperture 8 lines. Young state. Axis 16 lines, transverse diameter 9
lines, length of aperture 6 lines, breadth 43 lines.

Locality. Vt is very rare, the planking of Minchinhampton Common has furnished five
examples, and several imperfect casts have been obtained in the Stonesfield slate at another
place in the same vicinity: these casts have enabled us to ascertain the absence of a central
columella.

Ods. The specimen submitted to the artist was rather imperfect at the base of the
aperture, which, together with the position, give it the aspect of a regular notch at that
part of the shell.

Family—NERITIDE.

Nerita, Linn. 1738.

Shell semiglobose ; spire short, sometimes not produced, consisting of few volutions ;
aperture large, semilunar; outer lip thick, inner lip thickened, usually flattened, and
striated or dentated at its immer edge.

The fossil species of Werita, from the Great Oolite, may be divided into the three
following sections, as dependent on the character of the inner lip :—

56 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Sect. 1. Inner lip smooth.

NV. Testé crass, subhemispherica ; spird parva obliqud, depressd ; anfractibus paucis,
carinatis; aperturd semilunari; labio dextro crasso, labio interno planato, amplo.

Shell thick, subhemispherical ; spire small, oblique, depressed ; whorls few, carinated ;
aperture semilunar ; outer lip thick and smooth; inner lip flat, broad, and smooth, without
notch or striz.

NeERITA CANCELLATA. Plate XI, fig. 15, 15a.

NV. Testé crassa, hemisphericd; spird pared, depressd, obtusd; anfractibus (3) carinis
tribus cancellatis; carinis obtusis, striis longitudinalibus decussatis, et lineis inequalibus
et irregularibus cinctis ; apertura transverse oblonga.

Shell thick, hemispherical; spire small, obtuse, depressed; whorls (3), with three carine
cancellated ; carinze obtuse, decussated with longitudinal strize: the last whorl has also
irregular, unequal, encircling lines, which form, with the longitudinal striz, a cancellated
surface ; aperture transversely oblong ; inner lip very wide.

The most frequent aspect is that of a very rugose, depressed Nerife, with large, obtuse
carine and intermediate sulcations ; the distinctly cancellated surface is observable only in
the younger examples. The first and second carine are placed near together; between
these and the basal carina is a large surface, with encircling lines crossing the striz.
Portions of coloured surface are sometimes observed upon the carinze and upper portion of

the last volution.
Locality. It is moderately rare at Minchinhampton Common and Bussage.

Nerita rucosa. Plate XI, fig. 17, 17a.

R. Testa hemispherica; spird parvd, depressa; anfractibus (2 vel 3) carinato-striatis ;
ultimo anfractu subangulato, carinis tribus (carind mesa majore), et strits profundis longi-
tudinalibus plus minusve crebris; coloribus fuscis sepé pictis; labio interno, lato, planato.

Shell hemispherical; spire small, depressed; whorls (2 or 3) carinated and striated ;
the last whorl subangulated, having three carine, of which the middle one is the most
prominent and rounded ; the last whorl has, also, longitudinal, deeply-marked striz, more
or less closely arranged, and not unfrequently marked with colours, arranged into two
broad encircling bands, separated by the mesial carina.

The longitudinal strize might sometimes, with more propriety, be termed costa; when
the coste are large and distant the carine are likewise most prominent, and occasionally
both conditions may be observed in the growth of the same specimen—the smaller

GASTEROPODA. 57

examples being such as usually have the most widely-separated longitudinal lines or striz.
The surface markings vary so considerably that they may be conveniently described under
the three following aspects :—

a. Ribs elevated and separated ; carinee smooth and prominent.

6’. Surface with longitudinal closely-arranged plications, but no distinct ribs; plice
impressed with very fine longitudinal lines.

ce’. In which the characteristics of the two former varieties are sometimes exhibited
upon the same specimen, in which case the carine are imperfect, or, in lieu of them, there
are slight depressions or furrows.

The most common aspect is that of the variety a’. It is one of the most generally-
noticed univalves of the shelly beds. Very rarely all traces of ribs and plications are
wanting, the surface is then shining, smooth, and highly coloured. ‘The dimensions vary
from that of a duck-shot to the largest-sized pea.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common. In all the shelly beds of the district.

Neriva costuata, Desh. Plate VIII, figs. 6, 6a,4,c. Plate XI, figs. 18, 18a, 4.

Nerita costata, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 463, figs. 5, 6.
— —_ Phillips. Geol. of Yorkshire, vol. i, t. 11, fig. 32.
— —_ Brown. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 91, t. 44, figs. 1, 2.
— cosrutata, Desh. 1838. Lam. Anim. sans Vert., 2d Edit., vol. viii, p. 617.
— — D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 299.

N. Testé parvd; spird obliqud depressd, minutd, viv elatd; anfractu ultimo superne
planato, costis longitudinalibus, numerosis, subundatis, et approximatis ornato.

Shell small; spire oblique, depressed, minute, scarcely elevated; the last whorl
flattened upon its upper portion, and covered with cost, which are longitudinal,
numerous, closely arranged, and slightly waved; the aperture is very large, the immer lip
very wide and flat.

The absence of carine at once distinguishes this little shell from our Werita rugosa, for
one variety of which it might otherwise be mistaken. It has not been found in the
Minchinhampton Great Oolite, but occurs occasionally in the Inferior Oolite of that district.
Axis 2 lines.

Locality. Ancliff; Stonesfield. nf. Ool., Yorkshire.

Secr. 2. Inner lip convex. Neridomus.

N. Testé levigatd, ovato-globosd; spird pared, obliqud; anfractu ultimo permagno;
apertura ovata, vel semilunari; labio externo crasso; labio interno crasso, convexo et
levigato.

Shell smooth, ovately globose; spire small, oblique; the last whorl very large; aperture
ovate, or semilunar ; outer lip thick ; inner lip thick, convex, and smooth.

58 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

NERITA HEMISPHHRICA, Roemer, Plate X1, fig. 16, 16a; 14, 14a.

NERITA HEMISPH#RICA, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith.,‘p. 156, t. 10, fig. 7.

NV. Testé levigatd, transversd ovali-hemisphericd; spird parvd, prominuld; apertura
semilunart; labio interno magno, convexo et incrassato.

Shell smooth, transverse, ovately hemispherical ; spire small ; aperture semilunar ; inner
lip large, convex, and incrassated.

The surface of this species varies considerably ; the younger specimens being smooth,
and not unfrequently exhibiting portions of colouring in dark, encircling lines: the older
specimens are rendered rugose by numerous large plications of growth. It is not
uncommon, being found in all the shelly beds, more especially in the coarse planking.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

Nerita minvuta, Sow. Plate XI, figs. 19, 19a.

NerivTa MINuTA, Sow. 1824. Min. Con. t. 463, figs. 3, 4.
— — Desh., 1838. Lam. Anim. sans Vert., 2d Edit., vol. viii, p. 617.
— — D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
— PULLA, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 155, t. 9, fig. 30.
— ovata, Roemer. Nordd. Oolith., p. 156, t. 10, fig. 6.
— mats, Buvignier. 1843. Mém. Soc. Phil. Verd., t. 5, figs. 18, 19.

N. Testa parva levigaté; spird obliqué exsertd et minutd; anfractu ultimo coloribus
Tineatis undulatis sepissime picto.

Shell small, smooth; spire oblique and minute; the last whorl most commonly exhibits
undulating-coloured lines, which occasionally coalesce, and are very irregular.

This little shell is a longer oval figure than both Wertta hemispherica (Rom.) and
Neritina Cooksoni (Desl.); the latter little species, with which it nearly agrees in size, is
more globose, and has a larger, more prominent, and less oblique spire than JV. Pula.

NV. minuta occurs abundantly in all the shelly beds; its surface is very smooth and shining;
the most frequent size is that of duck shot ; the longer diameter not exceeding two lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common and neighbouring district.

Scr. 3. Inner lip notched. Neritopsis, Grateloup. 1840.

N. Testé crassa, neritiformi, ovato-globosd; spird parva, obliquad, anfractu ultimo
inflato, costis numerosis cincto ; apertura suborbiculari, labro externo incrassato et levigato,
labio interno concavo, sulco lato margine excavato.

Shell thick, neritiform, ovately-globose; spire small, oblique; the last whorl inflated,
encircled with numerous coste; aperture suborbicular; the outer lip thickened, but smooth;
the inner lip concave, with a wide notch upon its inner border.

GASTEROPODA. 59

NeERITOPSIS STRIATA, Plate XI, figs. 13, 13a.

NV. Testa ovata; spird elata; anfractibus tribus, conveais; anfractu ultimo costis nume-
rosissimis crebris cincto, costis subundulatis; aperturd ampld, ovata.

Shell ovate ; spire elevated ; whorls (3) convex ; the last whorl encircled with numerous
and closely-arranged costa, which slightly undulate ; aperture large and ovate.

The costz are narrow, but slightly elevated, the interstitial spaces being so narrow as
to appear like strize; hence, in badly-preserved specimens, the coste can scarcely be dis-
cerned ; the spire is small, moderately prominent, and has its surface distinctly sculptured
in good examples: the specimen figured is rather beneath the average size.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, where it occurs somewhat rarely in the soft,
shelly oolite which underlies the planking.

Neritopsis suLcosa. Plate XI, fig. 12.

? Nurivta suLcosa, Archiac. 1843. Mém. Soe. Géol. Fr., vol. v, tab. 28, fig. 8. (Non Brocchi.)

NV. Testa ovati ; spird parvd; anfractibus tribus vel quaternis, converts, sulco lato
spirali superne instructis; anfractu ultimo permagno, cingulis inequalibus, numerosis,
et magnis ornato,

Shell ovate; spire small; whorls (3 or 4) convex, with a wide, encircling sulcus upon
their upper portions; the last whorl very large, with numerous, unequal, and large
encircling bands.

The encircling ribs extend only upon the last volution, their inequality and large size
give to the surface ‘a rugose aspect; the sulcus upon the upper part of the last whorl is
without coste ; the specimen figured is of the largest dimensions.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, where it occurs somewhat rarely in the shelly
beds of coarse planking.

Pinzouus, G. B. Sowerby, 1823.

“Shell conical, with a subcentral upright vertex; base concave, with a thin margin
and tumid centre ; aperture small, within the margin of the base, sublateral, semilunar, its
outer lip prominent, the inner one crenulated ; spire internal, very short.” —Sowerdy.

60 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

PiLEous piicatus, Sow. Plate IX, figs.36, 36a, 4, c.

Prineo.wvs piicatus, G. B. Sow. 1823. Genera of Shells, No. 19, figs. 1—4.
== — Sow. Main. Con., t. 432, figs. 1—4.
— — Bronn. Leth, Geogn., p. 392, t. 27, fig. 6.
— _— Brown. Mllust. Foss. Conch., p. 92.
_— — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
_— _ Bronn. Index Palzeont., p. 973.
PATELLA CosTaTULA, Goldfuss. Petref., t. 177, fig. 9.

P. Testa turbinatd; ambitu orbiculari ; verticé elato, subacuto, erecto; costis radiantibus
majoribus (16) acutis, minoribus intermediis ; costis posterioribus maaimis ; margine
dentatd; bast in medio convewiusculd, ad peripheriam subconvead; peripherid integra aut
subsinuatd.

Shell turbinated, suborbicular, summit elevated, erect, and rather acute; ribs radiating,
the larger series (16 in number) are acute, with smaller ones between them; the posterior
ribs are the largest and most distant; the margin is toothed, the base is convex in its
middle part, and slightly convex at the periphery; the periphery is entire, and slightly
sinuated.

Four of the posterior ribs occupy one third of the circumference; they are more elevated
and distant than the others. The specimens of this species in the Great Oolite never
occur of so large a size as those of P. Jevis; the usual basal diameter being about
3 lines, and very rarely exceeding 4 lines. P2/eolus plicatus is scattered, indifferently,
over the shelly beds, but in fewer numbers than the other species; the shell bemg very
thick and strong, is usually entire and uncompressed; both species are always found in
the upright position.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common; Ancliff, Wiltshire; Langrune, France.

Pitzoius Lavis, G. B. Sow. Plate IX, figs. 37, 37a, 6.

PILEOLUs Lazvis, G. B. Sow. 1823. Genera of Shells, No. 19, figs. 5—8.
— — Sow. Min. Con., t. 432, figs. 6—8.
— — Brown. IIllust. Foss. Conch., p. 92, t. 44, figs. 16, 17.
_— — DOrb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
— — Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 973.
? PATELLA MAMILLARIS, Goldfuss. Petref., t. 177, fig. 10.
?— ~papyracra, Bronn. Lethzea Geogn., pl. 27, figs. 7, a, 6.

P. Testa parva, conico-depressd, levi, aut sulcis raris, obsoletis notatd; basi in medio
conveatiusculd.

Shell small, conical, but much depressed ; sometimes discoidal, smooth, or with a few
faintly-marked longitudinal regular sulcations ; base rather convex in the middle part.

GASTEROPODA, 61

Specimens, as small as the head of a pin, are scattered over the blocks of white stone
at Bussage, and planking at Minchinhampton Common—these are smooth. The larger
shells are more distinctly sulcated, and occasionally attain a diameter of three eighths of
an inch.

Locality. It occurs in all the shelly beds at Minchinhampton; at Ancliff, in Wiltshire ;
and at Charter House, Hinton, Somersetshire. Langrune, France.

Family—TuRBINID&.

Trocuus, ZLinneus, 1758.

Shell turbinated, conical; spire elevated, consisting of numerous whorls; under surface
discoidal ; aperture more or less depressed obliquely, entire, generally angular; columella
curved, more or less prominent at its union with the outer lip, contiguous to the axis of
the shell.

The fossil species of the Great Oolite are all very small, and are tolerably numerous in
the shelly beds.

Trocuus Dunxeri. Plate X, figs. 3, 3a.

T. Testa conicd, glabra; anfractibus levigatis et planis (4—6); apice acuto; apertura
obliqua, umbilico nullo.

Shell conical, smooth; whorls very smooth and flattened ; apex acute; aperture oblique;
no umbilicus.

The extreme flatness of the whorls, and moderate elevation of the spire, are the chief
features; the good specimens have oblique lines of growth upon the last whorl, near to
the aperture.

Locality. This little species is tolerably abundant in the white stone of Eastcombs
and Bussage.

Named after Dr. W. Dunker, Professor at the Polytechnic School of Cassel.

This species has some affinity with the Zrochus glaber, Koch (Goldf. Pet. t. 1796.12);
but the volutions are striated and the base more convex.

Trocuus pLicatus, Archiac. Plate X, figs. 8, 8a.

Trocuus PLicatus, Archiac. 1843. Mem. Soc. Geol France, vol. v, p. 379, t. 29, fig. 5.
— _ D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 300.
— _ Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 1304.
9

62 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

7. Testdé turbinatd; spird elatd; anfractibus (5) subconvewis, longitudinaliter costatis;
costis 12 rectis elatis; basi levi; apertura parvd, depressda.

Shell turbinated; spire elevated; whorls (5) rather convex, longitudinally costated ;
coste straight, elevated, smooth, about 12 in a volution; the base smooth; the aperture
small and depressed; the sutures of the whorls are strongly marked. Axis 3 lines, basal
diameter 6 lines.

Locality. The specimen figured is rather flattened; it occurred in the planking of
Minchinhampton Common, and is more acutely conical than that figured by M. d’Archiac,
of which it is considered to be only a variety.

Trocuus Ipprtsont. Plate X, figs. 4, 4a.

T. Testé conicd, spirdé elatd, obtusd; anfractibus (5—6), levigatis et planis, aut sub-
convexis; apertura depressd, obliqua; umbilico nullo.

Shell conical; spire elevated, obtuse; whorls (5—6) smooth and flattened, or slightly
convex ; aperture depressed, oblique; no umbilicus, columella lip thick and excavated.

This species somewhat resembles 7. Dunkeri, from which it differs in the more elevated
spire, obtuse apex, and somewhat convex form of the whorls; the base is, likewise, more
convex and narrow: in the larger specimens these distinctive characters become more
prominent, and the sutures of the whorls are strongly marked. It occurs together with
T. Dunkeri, but in smaller numbers.

Locality. Hastscombs and Bussage.

The name in compliment to Capt. L. L. B. Ibbetson, F.R.S., whose geological surveys
of the different railways have been of considerable interest to science.

Trocnus squamicER. Plate X, figs. 2, 2a, 6.

T. Testé conicd; apice obtuso; anfractibus (6—8) subcompressis, suturis impressis;
anfractibus cingulis quaternis tubuloso-squamosis; cingulo inferiort minimo; basi pland et
levi; aperturd depresssd; umbilico nullo.

Shell conical; apex obtuse ; whorls (6) rather compressed, the sutures well marked ;
whorls with four circles of nodules or plications which are squamosely tubular or excavated
towards the aperture, the lowest circle of nodules being much the smallest ; the base is flat
and smooth; the aperture depressed ; no umbilicus.

In this species the height exceeds the basal diameter. It occurs not very unfrequently
in the planking, a rock which usually adheres very closely to shells, and the plications
become entangled with the particles of stone, so as to render good specimens very rare.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

GASTEROPODA. 63

Trocuus Bunsuri. Plate X, fig. 1, la, 14.

T. Testa conicd; apice acuto; anfractibus (5) cingulatis; cingulis acutis inequalibus,
basi levi; apertura obliqua.

Shell conical; spire acute; whorls (5) cingulated ; encircling ribs unequal, and varying
in different individuals; the base smooth; the aperture oblique.

The coste are very large, elevated, and unequal, 80 as to obscure the sutures of
the whorls.

Locality. It is by far the most abundant of the Great Oolite species in the vicinity of
Minchinhampton, and is common to all the shelly beds.

This species is named in compliment to E. H. Bunbury, Esq., M.P., F.G:S.

Trocnus PILEoLUs. Plate X, figs. 5, 5a, 54.

T. Testa turbinatd, levissind; anfractibus (4) planis; apice obtuso; anfractu ultimo ad
basin angulato; basi convexd; apertura parva.

Shell turbinated, very smooth; whorls (4) flattened; apex obtuse; the last whorl
encircled with a prominent rib near to the base; base convex ; aperture small.

The very obtuse spire, and nearly cylindrical form of the last volution, give to the shell
a cap-like figure.

Locality. From the white stone of Bussage. It is rare.

Trocuus anceus, Goldf. Plate X, figs. 7, 7a.

Trocnts ances, Goldfuss. 1842. Petref., ili, p. 55, t. 180, fig.[3.
_ _- Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 1296.

T. Testa turbinatd, parvd, oblique costatd, basi cingulatd; anfractibus (5—6) tetra-

gonis cingulatis; cingulis quaternis granulatis.
Shell small, turbinated, obliquely costated, base sa whorls (5—6) angular,

encircled with four rows of granules.
Locality. Of this minute shell we have only obtained two examples, from the white

stone of Bussage, and believe it to be rare.
The sutures in the specimens, figured by Goldfuss, are more distinct.

Trocuus opsoLetus, Roemer. Plate XI, figs. 1, la.

Trocuvs oBSOLETUS, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 151, t. 11, fig. 5.
— — Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 1305.

64 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

T. Testi conicd; anfractibus tribus levibus, lateribus planis; umbilico nullo; apertura
depresso-ovata.

Shell conical; whorls (3) smooth, the sides flattened, no umbilicus; aperture de-
pressed, ovate. :

Possibly this may be the young of 7. g/aber, Dunker; the only apparent difference
between them bemg, that 7. odsoletus has a base wider in proportion to the height, and
that the upper margins of the whorls are somewhat tumid, causing the sides to appear
less flattened.

Locality. It is moderately common to all the shelly beds near Minchinhampton. In
the Stonesfield slate of Wagboro’ Bush (Buckman).

Turso, Linneus, 1758.

Shell thick, ventricose, turbmated, usually sculptured or tuberculated; spire short ;
aperture usually rounded, entire, somewhat spread out anteriorly.

Turso Hampronensis. Plate IX, figs. 30, 30a, 0.

T. Testé parva, turbinatd; anfractibus (4) convexis, costulis (4) granulatis elatis cinctis;
apertura orbiculatd; umbilico parvo.

Shell small, turbinated ; whorls convex (4), turreted, encircled by four ribs, which are
elevated and closely granulated ; the aperture is nearly round ; the umbilicus small.

Locality. A single, good example from the planking of Minchinhampton Common is
all we have seen. .

Turso ELABoraTUS. Bean, ms. Plate IX, fig. 27.

TurBOo ELABORATUS, Lycett. 1850. Annals of Nat. Hist., vol. vi, p. 416, pl. 11, fig. 1.

T. Testa conoided; anfractibus (4A—5), superné planatis, inferne subconveais, et costatis ;
costis magnis longitudinalibus numerosis et elatis, lineisque transversis decussatis; apertura
ovata; umbilico nullo. ’

Shell conoidal; whorls (4—5), their upper borders flattened or nearly horizontal,
smooth ; their lower portions slightly convex, with numerous elevated large, longitudinal
costae, decussated by numerous, closely-arranged transverse lines; aperture oval; no
umbilicus.

Locality. he planking of Minchinhampton Common and white stone of Bussage
have furnished this species, but it is rare at both localities; it has, likewise, been
obtained from the middle division of the Inferior Oolite in the same district, and occurs
also in the same formation im Normandy.

GASTEROPODA. 65

Torso Suarret. Plate IX, figs. 28, 28a.

T. Testad conoided; anfractibus (A) convexis, gradatim tumescentibus, suturis profunde
impressis; anfractibus liners elatis equalibus, longitudinalibus et regularibus ornatis, aliis
transversis decussatis; lineis transversis superné distantibus, inferne approximatis; apertura
ovata; umbilico nullo.

Shell conoidal; whorls (4) convex, gradually increasing in size, their sutures deeply
impressed ; the surface of the whorls is ornamented with numerous equal and regular lon-
gitudinal lines, tranversely decussated by others of equal size; the transverse lines are
arranged distantly upon the upper portions of the whorls, but more nearly upon the lower ;
aperture oval; no umbilicus.

Both descriptions of lines are scarcely discernible, except upon the last volution, where
they are prominent; but the lower portion of this whorl is destitute of the longitudinal
lines, which extend over only the upper half.

The general figure differs from Zurbo elaboratus (Plate IX, fig. 27), im the more gradual
increase of the whorls, which are likewise more convex, and have not the distinct sulcus
or area upon their upper portions, nor the large elevated coste ; these distinctive features
have been faithfully delineated by the artist. The longitudinal lines are equal in size to
those which are transverse, forming a simple cross-barred surface.

Locality. Wt is rare; but has been found both at Bussage and Minchinhampton
Common. ‘This species is dedicated to D. Sharpe, Esq., F.R.S.

Turso pyemazus. Plate IX, figs. 29, 29a.

T. Testa pared, conicd; apice obtuso; anfractibus (A—5) planatis, costis longitudi-
nalibus numerosis (circa 16 in ambitu), cum punctis interstitialibus ornatis; aperturd
depressd. -

Shell small, conical, apex obtuse; whorls (4—5) flattened, ornamented with numerous
longitudinal ribs (about 16 in a volution), the interstitial spaces being closely and deeply
punctated ; aperture depressed. ‘The cost are large and equal ; their continuity is inter-
rupted by a narrow, encircling band at the base of each whorl; the height of the entire
shell is somewhat greater than its transverse diameter at the base; the exact character of
the mouth not being exposed, it is placed only provisionally in the genus Zurdo.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, at which place it would seem to be rare.

Turbo capitangeus, Goldf. Plate IX, figs. 33, 33a.

TuRBO caprtangrus, Goldfuss. 1842. Petref., iii, p. 97, t. 194, fig. 1.
— _ Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 1318.

66 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

T. Testé turbinato-conicd, acutd, lineatd; basi granulatd cingulatd; anfractibus (6)
subteretibus bicarinatis, carinis granulis erectis coronatis; interstitis canaliculatis.

Shell turbinated or conical; apex acute, the base with a granular band encircling it ;
the whorls (6) are turreted, and have two encircling carine, the carme are elevated and
frmged with closely-arranged granules, the interstitial spaces are canaliculated.

Locality. ‘This elegant species occurs rarely in the planking of Minchinhampton
Common ; it is usually crushed or otherwise imperfect ; it occurs hkewise in the Inferior
Oolite of Gloucestershire more frequently, and is usually better preserved.

We have ventured to assign this shell to the species described by Goldfuss, although
its state of preservation does not show the longitudinal markings characteristic of that
species.

Turzso optusus, Sow. Plate XI, figs. 9, 9a.

TurBo ostusus, Sow. 1827. Min. Con., t. 551, fig. 2.
— —_ Brown. 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 73, t. 38, figs. 41, 42.
TuRBo susostusus, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 300.

T. Testé parvd, conicd; spird obtusa; anfractibus (4) planatis, ultimo superne sub-
concavo, inferne convexo, striis crebris, subundatis, transversis cincto; apertura ovata;
umbilico nullo.

Shell small, conical; spire obtuse; whorls 4, their sides flattened, the last whorl
slightly concave in the upper and convex in its lower part; the whorls are encircled with
strize, closely arranged and slightly undulated ; aperture ovate; no umbilicus.

In this minute species, the junctions of the whorls are strongly marked ; the striz are
slightly punctated, giving to the spaces between them a rough or scabrous aspect ; the
strize, however, are but faintly impressed, and are scarcely visible upon some specimens ;
the substance of the shell is thick, its axial slightly exceeding its transverse diameter, or
being equal to about 2 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common and Bussage. At both places it is somewhat
rare, but occurs in more than one shelly bed. Ancliff, Wiltshire.

Turso Gomonpet. Plate XI, fig. 5.

T. Testé conoided, spird elatd, acutd; anfractibus (5) planatis et costatis ; costis trans-
versis (4) densé nodulosis; aperturd ovatd, subdepressd, umbilico nullo.

Shell conoidal, spire elevated, acute; whorls (5) flattened and costated ; the coste
(4 in number) are transversal, and densely nodulated ; the aperture is ovate and somewhat
depressed ; and there is no umbilicus.

The length of the aperture is scarcely equal to half the entire length of the shell, and

GASTEROPODA. 67

somewhat exceeds its transverse diameter ; it is moderately large, and wide at the base ;
the junctions of the whorls are strongly marked; the encircling coste are large, closely
arranged, and very densely nodulated. Axis 8 lines, transverse diameter of the last
volution 6 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, where it occurs in the coarse planking: it is
moderately rare.

We have dedicated this species to H. Gomonde, Esq., of Cheltenham, who has kindly
allowed us the use of his collection of oolitic fossils.

Monoponta, Lamarck. 1801.

Shell turbinated, aperture entire, base of the columella forming a tooth, with an
exposed umbilicus half surrounding it; beneath the tooth is a longitudinal groove, the
edges of which are acute ; the outer lip is thick, striated within.

Monoponta Lyrtin, Archiac. Plate XI, figs. 4, 4a, 0.

Monoponta LYELLII, Archiac. 1843. Mem. Géol. Soc. France, tom. v, t. 29, fig. 8.
— -— Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 742.
Turso Lyetiu, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 301.

M. Testa turbinatd, spird acuta, anfractibus (4) convexis, tricinctis; cingillis elatis et
nodulosis; nodulis approximatis, antrorsum concavis; anfractu ultimo ventricoso, cingillis
7 ornato, ultimo cingillo maximo et profunde crenulato; umbilico magno.

Shell turbinated ; spire elevated, acute ; whorls (4) convex, encircled with three carne ;
carinee elevated and nodular ; nodules placed close together, and concave on their anterior
sides; the last whorl ventricose; encircling bands 7, the last being the largest and is
deeply crenulated ; the umbilicus is large.

The markings vary considerably in this species. In some specimens the encircling
coste are nearly smooth, in others they are merely notched; but the greater number are
distinctly nodulated ; the junctions of the whorls are deeply impressed; and the entire
shell is very thick.

Locality. This shell is abundant in the shelly beds near Minchinhampton ; the size
varies from a diameter of 1 line to 5 lines. In the Great Oolite, Eparcy (Aisne), France.

Monoponta impricata. Plate XI, figs. 3, 3a.

M. Testé parva, conicé; spird acuminata; anfractibus subplanis; striis imbricatis,
transversis (4) cinctis; anfractu ultimo ad basin subangulato.

68 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Shell small, conical; spire acuminated; whorls rather flattened, and encircled with
four imbricated striz ; the last whorl is somewhat angulated towards its base.

The imbricated striz are fine and closely arranged, those beneath the angle upon the
last whorl are larger; the aperture is semilunar and contracted. As compared with
M. decussata, this shell is more lengthened, the apex pointed, and the encircling striz
much fewer.

Locality. t is rare, and occurs, with the species before mentioned, at Minchinhampton,

Monoponta Formosa. Plate XI, figs. 6, 6a, 6.

M. Testé turbinatd, spird subdepressd, prominuld, obtusa; anfractu ultimo ia medio
carinato, striis transversis crebris tenuissimis cincto; carind levigatd, rotundatd, obtusd,
striis supra carinam positis magis elatis ; apertura semilunari subcontracta.

Shell turbinated, spire rather depressed, small, obtuse; the last whorl carinated in its
middle part; the carina smooth, rounded, and obtuse; the last whorl has likewise trans-
verse, closely arranged, fine, and crenulated stria, those above the mesial carina being
larger than the others ; aperture semilunar, somewhat contracted.

In the greater number of specimens, more especially those of large dimensions, the
encircling striz are obsolete, the only markings being the lines of growth. Diameter of
largest specimens, 43 lines.

Locality. Jt is abundant and common to all the shelly beds near Minchinhampton.

Monoponta pecussaTa. Plate XI, figs. 9, 9a.

M. Testé parvd, conicd; apice obtuso; anfractibus planis, suturis tmpressis; striis
crebris transversis et longitudinalibus decussatis. .

Shell small, conical ; apex obtuse ; whorls flattened, their sutures impressed, encircled
with numerous transverse strize, decussated and impressed by others longitudinally.

This shell is more obtuse than JZ. imbricata; the last whorl is more cylindrical than
the others ; the lines upon its surface are so delicate as to be scarcely visible, unless under
a magnifier.

Locality. Vt is rare, and occurs with J. cmbricata, in the soft shelly Oolite of
Minchinhampton Common.

Monoponta Lasapyet, Archiac, sp. Plate XI, fig. 2; var. fig. 11, lla.

Trocuus LapapyeEt, Archiac. 1843. Mém. Soc. Géol. de France, iii, p. 379, t. 29,
figs. 2, 2a.
TURBO — D’ Orb, 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 301.
? MonoponTa LHvIGATa, Goldfuss. Petref., p. 101, t. 195, fig. 5.
2? Turzo Destonccuampsi, Desh. Elem. de Conchyl., t. 68, figs. 17, 18.

GASTEROPODA. 69

M. Testa turbinato-conicd, levi; spird elatd, obtusa; anfractibus planis seu subconvezis ;
suluris vie impressis; anfrdctu ultimo permagno; aperturd ovatd; umbilico nullo. Aitate
adulta testa elatiore.

Shell turbinated, conical, oblique, smooth; spire elevated, obtuse ; whorls flattened, or
slightly convex, the sutures rather indistinct ; the last whorl very large; the aperture ovate,
and the base without umbilicus or sulcus.

The young shells are rather discoidal, but with mcrease of growth gradually become
obliquely conical, so much so, that the two extremes of the figure would scarcely be taken
for the same species.

Locality. tis abundant in all the shelly beds of the Great Oolite formation near
Minchinhampton. Eparcy, France.

Sonartum, Zam. 1801.

Omaxaxis. Brrrontra, Deshayes.

Shell depressed, conical, or discoidal; base concave, or widely umbilicated, the spiral
margin of which is angulated and crenulated ; aperture trapezoidal, with a thin peritreme.

SoLaRium poLyconium, Archiac. Plate IX, figs. 24, 24a, 6.

SoLartum poLyGonium, Archiac. 1843. Mém. Soc. Geol. de France, tom. v, p. 378,
pl. 29, fig. 1.
_ —_ Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 1152.
— — D'Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 300,

S. Testé discoided, spird parvd, anfractibus (4) planis, ultimo carinato; angulis (9)
costatis ; costis elatioribus ; lineis transversis et longitudinalibus decussatis ; carind parva,
nodulosd prope suturam sita.

Shell discoidal, spire small, whorls (4) flattened, the last whorl carmated and angulated ;
angles (9) costated ; costa elevated; there are also encircling lines decussated by others
which are longitudinal, and a small, closely nodulated carina, surrounding the upper portion
of the whorls, near to the suture; the first two volutions are smooth, rounded, elevated,
but minute.

Locality. This species occurs in the vicinity of Minchinhampton more frequently than
any other of the genus, but, owing to its thinness and delicacy, few examples are well
preserved. The white stone of Bussage is the most favorable position for obtaiming it.

Great Oolite, Eparcy, France (D’ Archiac).

SoLarium vaRicosum. Plate IX, figs. 23, 23a, 6.

S. Testd conico-depressd ; anfractibus (4) angulatis, lineis erebris transversis et longi-
10

70 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

tudinalibus decussentibus et varicibus irregularibus angulatis, ornatis ; umbilico contracto,
basi lata, tenuissimé cancellato.

Shell conical, depressed; whorls (4) angulated, and encircled with closely-arranged
lines, longitudinally crossed by others, and equally densely arranged; varices elevated,
longitudinal, angulated in their middle part, and placed at irregular distances; the um-
bilicus is contracted ; the base is wide, slightly convex, and has a finely-cancellated surface.

Locality. t occurs in the planking of Minchinhampton Common, very rarely.

Soxtarium piscuLum. Plate IX, figs. 25, 25a, 6.

S. Testd parvd, superne discoided, inferné concava, lateribus angustatis, planis ; spird
vie elatd; anfractibus 3, marginibus angulatis et nodulosis, nodulis crebris, depressis*
umbilico magno, margine noduloso.

Shell small, discoidal above, concave beneath, the sides narrow and flattened ; the spire,
scarcely elevated, consists of 3 whorls, their margins angulated and nodulated, the nodules
closely arranged and depressed ; the umbilicus is large and deep, its margin is nodulated ;
the flattened sides of the last whorl are finely striated transversely.

The extreme flatness of the upper surface, the generally depressed form, and angular
outer margin, distinguish it from contemporaneous species.

Locality. tis rare, and occurs in the planking at Minchinhampton, and in the white
stone of Bussage and Eastcombs.

Detpuinuna, Lam.

Shell turbinated, thick, rugose; whorls few, convex or angular; aperture orbicular,
entire; peritreme continuous, thickened ; umbilicus conspicuous and denticulated.

DELPHINULA CORONATA, Sow. sp. Plate IX, fig. 26.

EvompHatus coronatus, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 450, fig. 3.
— Brown. Ilust. Foss. Conch., p. 82, t. 43, figs. 20—22.
DELPHINULA CoRoNATA, Flem. 1827. Brit. Anim., p. 312.
= — Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 406.
? DELPHINULA STELLATA, Buvignier. Mém. Soc. Philom. Verdun, 2. pl. 5. figs. 35, 36.
SoLartum coronatuM, D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 300.

D. Testa discoided, parva, superne pland, angulatd et spinigerd ; spinis latis, acutis et
prominentibus ; basi concavd.

Shell discoidal above, flattened, angular, and spined; spines broad, pointed, placed at
the angle of the last volution ; base concave.

GASTEROPODA. 71

Locality. This little species is very rare. It occurs in the planking of Minchinhampton
Common.

The specimen figured in the ‘ Min. Con.’ is from the Oolite of Ancliff, Wiltshire ;
M. Buvignier describes his species as occurring in the Coral Rag of St. Mihiel, France.

De.pHintLa Buckmannti. Plate V, fig. 8.

D. Testé turbinatd, spird elatd, anfractibus (3—A4) costatis ; ultimo anfractu ventricoso,
subquadrato, in medio costato ; costis longitudinalibus, numerosis, rectis, et rotundatis, superne
acutis, striis transversis impressis ; umbilico contracto, striis tenuissimis cincto.

Shell turbinated, spire elevated, whorls (3—4) costated, the last whorl ventricose,
subquadrate, costated in its middle portion ; the costz are longitudinal, numerous, perpen-
dicular, acute at their upper extremities, and impressed with transverse strize ; the umbilicus
is contracted, and encircled with very fine striz.

The costa are scarcely visible upon the upper surface of the last whorl, and nearly
disappear towards its base ; the aperture is suborbicular, the lips bemg less incrassated than
is sometimes seen in this genus. Individual specimens vary very much in the elevation of
the spire, and in the degree of squareness or angularity which the last whorl acquires ; in
some the umbilicus is scarcely visible, which usually happens in the more elevated shells.

Locality. This shell occurs in the beds of coarse planking on Minchinhampton
Common ; but well-preserved examples are rare.

DeELPHINULA ALTA. Plate IX, fig. 31.

D. Testé turbinatd; spird elatd, obtusd; anfractibus angulatis (interne rotundatis) ;
anfractu ultimo tuberculis acutis, crebris sed distinctis ornato ; basi quadricinetd, costulis
tuberculatis ; umbilico magno profundo ; apertura subquadratd.

Shell turbinated ; spire elevated, obtuse ; whorls angular (the moulds of the interior
being convex) ; the last whorl has, surrounding its upper part, a circle of elevated, acute,
distinct, and closely-arranged tubercles; the base is encircled with four elevated ribs,
which are closely tuberculated ; the upper or flatter part of the last whorl has several fine
encircling lines (often indistinct) ; the umbilicus is large and deep, the aperture subquadrate
and rather small.

Locality. Minchinhampton. This pretty shell occurs in the planking, and is not
uncommon ; but the coarseness of the deposit is unfavorable to the preservation of its
more delicate features. Our best specimens may therefore be regarded as some of the
choicer productions of the formation.

72 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Sub-genus, CROSSOSTOMA.

C. Testd crassd, turbinatd, levi, subdepressd; anfractibus subplanis, paucis; apice
obtuso; apertura subrotundd, integra; columelld dentem obtusam formante; labio externo
levi, umbilico nullo. In «tate senici aperturd contracté crassdé, orbiculari, lamindé
testaced flabelliformi cinctd.

Shell thick, turbinated, smooth, somewhat depressed or Rotelliform ; whorls more or
less flattened, few; apex of the spire obtuse, depressed; aperture nearly circular, entire ;
the columella forms at its base a simple prominent obtuse tooth ; the outer lip is smooth ;
there is no umbilicus. In the oldest state of growth, the aperture becomes contracted
by the deposition of shelly matter; it is perfectly orbicular, the circumference very
thick, and is encircled with a thin frilled appendage, always irregular, and more or less
produced.

In this genus the aperture undergoes a remarkable change as it approaches the last
state of growth. The surface is very smooth, the figure Rotelliform, and the aperture is
that of a smooth depressed Monodonta ; and this is the usual condition in which the several
species occur. Finally, however, a few thick lines of growth closely follow each other ; the
columella is concealed by a deposition of shelly matter; the aperture becomes precisely
that of a Delphinula, and is surrounded by an additional shelly irregular lamina, which
projects from it in every direction."

Crossostoma Prati. Plate XI, figs. 21, 21a.

C. Testa parva discoided levi; spird subpland, viv elatd; lineis incrementi rugis prope
aperturam sitis; aperturd parvd, orbiculatd, labris incrassatis, lamind testaced abnorme
cincto.

Shell small, discoidal; spire nearly flat, or but slightly elevated; the last volution has
some rugose lines of growth situated near to the aperture; aperture small, orbicular ; the
lips incrassated, and encircled with an irregular shelly lamina.

The shelly encircling lamina is produced by an irregular expansion of the ultimate fold
of growth; the few rugose plicee have the more remarkable aspect, as the whole of the
shell, excepting within the brief space of two lines from the aperture, is perfectly smooth.

Locality. Inferior Oolite near Bath.

We are indebted to S. P. Pratt, Esq., F.R.S., for the original specimens obtained from
that locality.

1M. A. D’Orbigny has described a species belonging to this sub-genus, under the name Delphinula
refleilabrum, from the Lias of Fontaine-Etoupefour: ‘ Shell smooth, resembling a Turbo, but haying a
reflected, sharp, lamellar peristome surrounding the mouth.’’—Prod. Paléont., p. 229.

GASTEROPODA. 73

CrossosToMA? piscorpEUM. Plate XI, figs. 7, 7a, 70.

C. Testé levi, depressd; spird prominuld; anfractibus angustatis, suturis impressis ;
apertura parvd, suborbiculari.

Shell smooth, depressed; spire but little elevated, or nearly flat; whorls narrow, the
sutures distinct ; aperture small, basal nearly round. The height is equal to half the basal
diameter.

This is, probably, only a variety of C. Praéfii, and in a state in which all our Great
Oolite specimens occur—the outer lip not being quite entire, and extremely thin and
slightly rugged, never perfecting a well-defined lip (C. discoideum); the change to the
ultimate condition occupies a space which does not exceed one fourth of a volution, a
few rugged lines of growth are formed; an irregular lamina next protrudes, forming a kind
of frill around a contracted, thickened, and orbicular aperture, as in C. Pratti?.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common and Bussage, at which places it occurs somewhat
rarely, and in more than one of the shelly beds.

CrossostoMA? HELICIFoRME. Plate XI, fig. 8.

C. Testé levi, turbinatd, subdepressd; spird parvd prominuld; anfractibus conveai-
usculis; aperturd ellipticd.

Shell smooth, turbinated, somewhat depressed ; spire small, but little elevated ; whorls
rather convex ; aperture elliptical.

Locality. It is somewhat rare; our specimens have been obtained from the planking
of Minchinhampton Common ; it is likewise found in the middle division of the Inferior
Oolite at Leckhampton, near Cheltenham.

This species has the general form of C. discordeum, but the spire is more elevated ;
they are only provisionally referred to Crossostoma, having somewhat the aspect of Jono-
donta, and even (in C. discoideum), the thickened base of Rotella.

PHASIANELLA, Lam. 1812.

Shell oval, smooth; aperture oval, entire, forming an acute angle posteriorly at the
junction of the columella and outer lip; outer lip thin; inner lip spread over a portion of
the columella.

The Great Oolite shells provisionally referred to this genus are small, and like their
recent congeners, individuals of the same species offer a considerable variety of form, which
makes their determination rather difficult.

74 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

PHASIANELLA ELEGANS. Plate XI, figs. 27, 27a.

P. Testa ovato-elongata; anfractibus (7) convewiusculis; spird acutd, aperturd longiore.

Shell ovately elongated, whorls (7) convex, the spire acute, larger than the aperture.

The height of the last volution is rather more than the remainder of the spire; the
whorls are narrow and convex; the sutures strongly impressed. Axis 16 lines, transverse
diameter 8 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common has supplied this species in
considerable numbers.

PHASIANELLA LuyMeERtEI, 4rchiac. Plate XI, figs. 31, 31a, 32.

PHaAStANELLA LEYMERIEI, Archiac. 1843. Meém. Soe. Géol. Fr., tom. v, t. 28, fig. 12.
— —_ D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 301.
—— — Bronn. Index Paleont., p. 956.

P. Testa ovata, sub-globosd; spird parva; anfractibus (6) angustis, convexiusculis, anfractu
ultimo amplo; apertura obliquad magna.
Shell ovate, subglobose ; spire small; whorls (6) narrow, convex ; the last whorl large ;

aperture oblique and large.

The length of the aperture is greater than that of the remainder of the spire, and the
length of the last volution is twice as great as the spire. The variety of figure in this
species is more than usually considerable. Axis 12 lines, transverse diameter 8 lines.

Locality. It is the most common of the Great Oolite Phasianelle, and occurs in

all the shelly beds near Minchinhampton.

PHastaNELLa contca. Plate XI, figs. 30, 30a.

P. Testé ovato-conicd, acuté; spird mediocriter elatd, conicd; anfractibus (6) planis,
ultimo elongato; aperturd obliqua angustd.

Shell ovately conical, acute; spire moderately elevated, conical; whorls (6) flattened ;
the last whorl elongated ; aperture oblique and narrow.

This species is somewhat spindle-shaped, narrowing at both ends; the length of the
aperture is less than that of the spire; but the last two volutions occupy more than two
thirds of the entire length of the shell. Axis 10 lines, transverse diameter 4 lines.

Locality. tis not uncommon, and occurs in all the shelly beds, more especially at

Minchinhampton Common.

GASTEROPODA. 75

PHASIANELLA AcuTiuscuLA. Plate XI, figs. 28, 28a.

P. Testa ovato-conicd; spird elatd, acuté; anfractibus planis, angustis; anfractu ultimo
ovato, magnitudine modico.

Shell ovately conical; spire elevated, acute; whorls flattened, narrow; the last whorl
ovate, its size moderate.

The figure most nearly approaches to P. conica, but it is less gibbose ; the spire is
more acute, elevated ; the whorls less numerous and narrow.

Locality. It is not uncommon, and is found in all the shelly beds near to Minchin-
hampton.

PHASIANELLA NucIFoRMIS. Plate XI, fig. 26.

P. Testé ovato-elongatd; spird parva; anfractibus (6) subpianis, ultimo elongato ;
apertura angustata.

Shell ovately elongated ; spire small; whorls (6) flattened, the last elongated ; aperture
narrow.

The length of the aperture is equal to that of the spire; the spire is acute ; the volutions
very narrow, except the last two turns, which are much elongated. Axis 9 lines, transverse
diameter 5 lines.

Locality. It occurs in the planking of Minchinhampton Common, but is rare.

PHASIANELLA PARVULA. Plate XI, figs. 29, 29a.

P. Testé parva; spird elatd, apice acuto; anfractibus (6—7) planis aut subconvevis,
angustis; anfractu ultimo subgloboso; apertura obliquad; columella arcuaté.

Shell small; spire elevated; apex acute; whorls (6—7) flattened, or rather slightly
convex and narrow ; the last whorl globose and large; the aperture oblique and oval; the
columella curved at its base.

The length of the aperture is two fifths of the entire shell ; the whorls are more numerous,
and the apex more acute, than is found in the other Great Oolite species ; the aperture is
rather small and contracted at its base. Axis 5 lines, transverse diameter 24 lines. Rare.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common.

76 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

PHASIANELLA TUMIDULA. Plate XI, figs. 25, 25a.

P. Testa turbinatd, elongata; spird acutd; anfractibus convexis (8), suturis depressis ;
anfractu ultimo globoso; aperturd magna ovato-rotundatd.

Shell turbinated, elongated; spire acute; whorls (8) convex, the sutures deeply
depressed ; the last whorl globose ; the aperture large, ovately rounded.

This species has an elevated, acute spire, and convex whorls, and is remarkable for the
sudden increase of the last two volutions, which are very ventricose. Neither of our
specimens are quite perfect about the outer lip; but the distinctive character of the species
is sufficiently evident. Axis 19 lines, transverse diameter 11 lines.

Locality. It occurs rarely in the planking at Minchinhampton Common.

Family—PLEUROTOMARIDE.

Pixvrotomaria, Defrance. 1825.

ScrssurELLA, D’Orbigny. 1823.

Shell turbinated or conical; aperture subquadrate, the angles rounded; outer lip thin
and sharp, having a fissure or deep notch m the middle part, or near to the suture; an
encircling band or rib round each whorl follows the fissure.

The Pleurotomarié are rare in the Minchinhampton beds, and the larger specimens are
usually broken. It will be observed, in the following descriptions, how very few examples
of each species have been obtained, so that we are almost enabled to give their number
with exactness. Placed amidst such a multitude and variety of molluscous relics, in spots
teeming with life, it is not easy to account for their rarity and imperfect condition.
Inferring that they were usually gregareous, we are led to suspect that the “¢tora/ condition
of these shelly beds was not suited to their propagation, and that the larger imperfect
specimens were denizens of greater depths, the shells occasionally being stranded among
the more littoral Mollusks. As a remarkable instance of the recurrence of similar phe-
nomena at a very distant locality, we would direct attention to the elaborate and valuable
Memoir of M. Deslongchamps,' on the P/eurotomarie of the secondary formations of
Calvados, in which 53 species are mentioned as occurring in the Lias and the Lower and
Middle Oolitic systems. It is stated that they are exceedingly abundant ; but, on referring
to the Great Oolite species, 11 in number, we find, with one exception only, a repetition
of the following remarks appended to them: “One example; two examples; rare; very
rare.” In fact, when describing the species which we have identified in that Memoir, we
seem, when stating their numbers, to be repeating the words of its author.

1 Mem. Soe. Linn. de Normandie, vol, vii.

GASTEROPODA. 77

PLEUROTOMARIA SCALARIS, Des/. Plate X, fig. 14.

PLEUROTOMARIA SCALARIS, Deslongchamps. 1848. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie,
vol. viii, p. 67, pl. 8, fig. 1.
Var. a, TURGIDULA, Des!., ibid., p. 67.
— SCALARIS, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 269.

P. Testa crassa, trochiformi; spird plus minusve exsertad; apice acuto; anfractibus cari-
natis, subgradatis aut gradatis, tranverse striatis, sinu magno profundo; fascid sinis
prominente, levi aut longitrorsum densissimé striatd, in medio anfractuum sitd; ultimo
anfractu ad basim angulato, obtusiusculo; basi pland aut subconvead; umbilico aut
parvo, aut minimo, aut nullo; apertura subquadratd, labro sinistro crassiori reflexo.
(Deslongchamps.)

Shell thick, trochiform; spire more or less elevated; apex acute; whorls carinated,
more or less step-like, transversely striated; sinus large and deep; band of the sinus
prominent, smooth, or very finely striated longitudinally, and placed in the middle of the
whorl; the last whorl is angulated, or somewhat obtuse at the lower margin; the base
is flat, or slightly convex ; the umbilicus small, very minute, or wanting altogether; the
aperture subquadrate, the left lip being thick and turned outwards.

Altogether we have obtained eight or nine specimens. ‘They vary in the elevation of
the spire, and agree with the first variety of P. scalaris of M. Deslongchamps, viz. the
turgidula which he thus characterises :

“Testa conicd, anfractibus subrotundato angulatis, vie gradatis, transversim obsoletissime
striatis, striis in ultimo basis vicinis; basi subconverd, striis radiatis incrementi tantum
notatd, umbilico minimo.”

Axis 29 lines, basal diameter 26 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common has furnished all our specimens,
only three of which are well preserved. Inferior Oolite, Bayeux. (Des/.)

PLEvROTOMARIA Pacopts. Plate X, fig. 9. Var. DEpaupErata.

? PLEUROTOMARIA PAGODUS, Deslongchamps. 1848. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie.
vol. viii, pl. 14, fig. 4.
-- — D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 301.

P. Testd trochiformi, subturritd; apice acutiori; anfractibus gradatis, infra fasciam
constrictis, transversim et tenuissime striatis, in medio nodis coronatis ad suturam subundu-
latis; sinu magno, profundo; fascid sinis pland, densissimé longitrorsim striatd, infra

11

78 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

nodos sitd; ultimo anfractu ad basim angulato subnodoso; basi subconcavd, concentricé
striata, striis tenuibus, profundis ad umbilicum minimum nullis; aperturd subpentagond.

Shell trochiform, subturreted ; apex rather acute; whorls step-like, narrowed beneath
the band, transversely and finely striated, coronated in the middle by a circle of nodules,
subundulated even to the suture; the sinus is large and deep, the band of the sinus is flat,
densely striated longitudinally, and situated beneath the nodules; the last whorl is
angulated at lower margin and slightly nodulated; the base is somewhat concave, con-
centrically and very delicately striated; the umbilicus is very small or obsolete; the aperture
is nearly pentagonal.

Locality. Two specimens only have been found in the Minchinhampton district. Both
are small compared with the fine specimen figured by M. Deslongchamps, who is very
fortunate in that respect, considering that the species is likewise very rare in Normandy.
Its position is the soft shelly Oolite beneath the planking at Minchinhampton Common.

PLEUROTOMARIA DISCOIDEA. Plate X, fig. 12.

P. Testa turbinato-depressd, spird obtusa, anfractibus subconvexis, levibus et angustatis ;
sinu angustissimo ; fascid sinus strictd, et planatd interdum vix notatd, infrd mediam an-
Jractuum sitd ; ultimo anfractu ad basim angulato convexo, basi subconvend, levi ; umbilico
minuto aut nullo, apertura subquadratd.

Shell turbinated, depressed: spire obtuse; whorls somewhat convex, smooth, and
narrow ; sinus very narrow; the band of the sinus narrow, flattened, and smooth, some-
times scarcely distinguishable, and placed beneath the middle of the whorls ; the last whorl
is angulated, and convex at the margin; the base is slightly convex, and smooth; the
umbilicus minute or wanting; the aperture subquadrate.

The small elevation of the spire, which is only equal to two fifths of the basal diameter,
necessarily renders the whorls narrow ; the basal angle of the last whorl is unusually acute ;
the sutures of the whorls are strongly marked.

Though possessing few distinctive characters, it is little liable to be confounded with
others ; the extreme smoothness, depressed form, and proximity of the sinus and fascia to
the base of the whorls, are obvious and sufficient features. Height 4 lines, basal diameter
10 lines.

Locality. We can enumerate seven specimens; they occurred in the white stone at
Bussage ; also in the lower portion of the formation on the south side of Minchinhampton
Common, where the rock is not very shelly.

GASTEROPODA. 79

PLEvROTOMARIA OBESA, Des/. Plate X, fig. 11.

PLEUROTOMARIA OBESA, Deslongchamps. 1848. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie.
vol. viii, p. 134, pl. 14, fig. 1.
-—- - D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 302.

P. Testé trochiformi, apice subacuto, anfractibus rotundatis, in medio subdepressis,
transverse striatis ; striis frequentibus obsoletis, equalibus, sinu angustissino, profundissimo,
fascia sinks strictissimd, vie a striis distinctd, longitrorsum tamen densissime striatd, in medio
anfractuum sitd, ultimo anfractu ad basim angulato-conveao ; basi subconvexd concentricé
striata, striis rarioribus obsoletissimis, hine et indé evanescentibus, umbilico magno, pervio
(parietibus subplanis), ad marginem sulcato, sulco sat parvo, spiraliter ascendente, suture
interne vicino, sed ab ea distinctissimo; apertura subquadratd. (Deslongchamps.)

Shell trochiform, apex subacute ; whorls somewhat convex, slightly depressed in their
middle, and transversely striated ; the strie, which are equal, are frequently obsolete ; the
sinus is narrow and deep, the band very narrow, so as scarcely to be distinguished from
the striz ; but it is densely striated longitudinally, and situated in the middle of the whorls ;
the last whorl is convexly angulated at the lower margin; the base is somewhat convex,
concentrically striated, the strie being frequently scarcely distinguishable ; the umbilicus
is large, pervious (the sides nearly flat), sulcated at its margin, and ascends the interior
spirally, near to the internal sutures, but distinct from them; the aperture is subquadrate.

Locality. We have only procured two specimens, which do not fully exhibit the
minute features of this species, so carefully described by M. Deslongchamps. Both were
obtained from the planking of Minchinhampton Common. Great Oolite, Ranville.
(Desi.)

PLEUROTOMARIA CLATHRATA, Goldf. Plate X, figs. 6, 6a.

? PLEUROTOMARIA CLATHRATA, Goldfuss. 1843. Petref, p. 74, t. 186, fig. 8.
_ _ D Orb, 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 356.

P. Testdé trochiformi subdepressd, apice acuto, anfractibus planis, (5,) cingillis lineisque
crebris clathratis ; basi convexo-pland tenuissimée clathrata ; umbilico minimo aut nullo;
anfractibus superne obsolete tuberculatis ; fascia sinis marginal.

Shell trochiform, somewhat depressed ; apex acute; whorls (5) flattened, their sutures
well marked ; covered with very fine, regular, equal lines, both longitudinal and transverse ;
the base is flattened or slightly convex, with a very fine cancellated surface ; umbilicus

80 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

minute or obsolete ; the upper border of the whorls has an obscure encircling row of
tubercles ; fascia of the sinus marginal; the aperture quadrate.

The delicate markings upon the surface are only visible under a magnifier. The general
figure and character of the surface nearly approximates to Plewrotomaria punctulata,
Deslongchamps, but in that species the fascia of the sinus is placed upon the middle of the
whorls, and it is destitute of the upper encircling band of tubercles.

Axis 4 lines, basal diameter 6 lines.

Locality.” The white stone of Bussage has furnished our specimen, but the species is
very rare.

PLEUROTOMARIA ComposiTA. Plate X, figs. 13, 13a.

P. Testé turbinatd, conicd; spird subacutd ; anfractibus superné convewxis, infra
planatis vel subconcavis ; sinu magno; fascia sinis latd, longitudinaliter striatd, in medio
anfractuum sitd ; anfractibus supra fasciam densissimé longitudinaliter et oblique striatis ;
striis inequalibus ; infra fasciam striis transversis equalibus profundis subdistantibus ;
anfractu ultimo ad basim rotundato; facie infimd pland, vel subconvexd, longitudinaliter
fenuissime et inequaliter undulatim striatd ; umbilico nullo? vel minima; apertura sub-
pentagonali.

Shell turreted, conical; spire subacute; whorls convex in their upper portions,
flattened or slightly concave in their lower; the sinus large, the band of the sinus wide,
longitudinally striated, and situated in the middle of the whorls; the whorls above the
band are, longitudinally, densely and obliquely striated; the striz are unequal; beneath
the band the whorls are transversely striated; the strize are equal, deeply impressed, and
rather distant; the last whorl is rounded at the lower margin; the base is flat or slightly
convex, it is longitudinally, densely, and unequally striated; the striz undulate ; umbilicus
none or minute; aperture subpentagonal. Axis 9 lines, basal diameter 11 lines.

Locality. The lower weatherstone beds at Quarrhouse and Minchinhampton have

yielded several specimens.

Trocuoroma, Lycett. Deslongchamps, 1842.

Rimutvs, D’ Orb. 1839.
DirreMaria, D’ Ord. 1842.

T. Testa turbinatd, conicd ; anfractibus sepissimé angulatis, in medio vittd strictd
notatis ; peripherid subangulatd ; aperturd subquadratd ; columelld arcuatd ; basi eacavata,

GASTEROPODA. 81

infundibuliformi, umbilicum simulante; fissurd elongata, anticée clausd, non longius ab ore,
ultimum anfractum subdepressum perforante. (Deslongchamps.)

Shell turbinated, conical; whorls usually angulated, having a band or rib encircling
the middle of each whorl; periphery subangular; aperture basal, subquadrate ; columella
curved ; base excavated, excavation large, and resembling an umbilicus ; fissure transversely
elongated, closed anteriorly, but not far from the outer lip, its length being about equal to
the distance which separates it. .

Our specimens exemplify the changes which the shell underwent during its advance of
growth. The perfect aperture, and likewise certain oblique furrows, to be seen upon other
parts of the shell, dicate so many stages of repose, each of which probably continued a
considerable period ; the amount of advance at each stage varied from one half to three
fourths of a volution.

During the period of repose, the egress currents probably passed through the fissure ;
the edges of which are worthy of notice. The substance of the shell generally is thick,
‘but the edges of the fissure are extremely thin, and exhibit that irregular, ragged, or im-
perfect outline which is seen in bone or shell during the process of growth or absorption.
When, however, the animal was forming new shell in advance of the aperture, the fissure
was not advanced forward with it, but the anal siphon remained in the same position
until a considerable progress had been made in the formation of new shell. At length
that organ was withdrawn, to be protruded from the aperture, and the formation of a new
fissure immediately commenced. One specimen in our possession exhibits the fissure still
open, although the formation of new shell had proceeded beyond the old aperture to the
extent of one fourth of a volution. In this condition the outer lip is ragged and imperfect ;
and during the brief period of the formation of a new fissure, the aperture acquires exactly
the aspect of a Plewrotomaria ; and it is not uncommon to find specimens in this condition.
The new shell is then very thin, and consequently is more or less crushed or imperfect.
These several removals of the anal siphon, and formation of new fissures at distant
intervals, are analogous to what is observed in //a/iotis, except that in the latter genus
several perforations remain open during the formation of a new one, and their borders are
regular and smooth, not being destined to undergo the change which we observe in Zro-
chotoma. It seems indeed not improbable, that in the young state, or until three volutions
had been completed, that no fissure was formed, and that the siphon was protruded from
the aperture. This idea is founded upon the fact that those volutions are always smooth,
convex, and destitute of the encircling rib which subsequently follows the fissure. This
character is best seen by contrast in such species as in advanced growth become very
angular or step-like, as in Z. tabulata, T. discoidea, and T. extensa. The reader is referred
to the interresting observations on this genus, by M. E. Deslongchamps, ‘ Mem. Soe. Lin.
Normandie,’ vol. vii, pp. 99—104.

82 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

TROCHOTOMA ACUMINATA, Des/. Plate X, figs. 18a, 20.

TROCHOTOMA ACUMINATA, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie,
tom. vii, p. 108, pl. 8, figs. 11—15.
DITREMARIA ACUMINATA, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. Paléont., p. 301.

T. Testd conicd, spird plus minusve elatd, levi aut substriatd; apice acuminato ;
anfractibus (7, 8) ex apice ad aperturam magis é magis tumescentibus donec ultimus sub-
quadratus fiat ; infind facie dilatatd, in medio cavum infunbibuliformem ferente, ad peri-
pheriam concentrice striaté. (Deslongchamps.)

Shell conical, spire more or less elevated, smooth, or slightly striated; apex acute ;
whorls (7, 8) gradually increasing from the apex until the last whorl becomes subquadrate ;
the lower surface has a very deep but somewhat contracted cavity, which is concentrically
striated.

This is the most elevated or conical of the Great Oolite species. The last volution is
distinctly striated, the rib posterior to the aperture being very prominent ; the height and
basal diameter are about equal.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchmhampton and Bussage ; Langrune, France.

TRrocHoroMa conuLorpEs, Des/. Plate X, fig. 16.

TROCHOTOMA CONULOTDES, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie,
tom. vil, p. 109, pl. 8, figs. 16—19.
DITREMARIA -- D Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 301.

T. Testa conicd, apice acuto; anfractibus (5, 6) concentricé striatis, planis; ultimo
anfractu vie ad fissuram dilatato ; basi ad peripheriam convewxiusculd, striatd, in medio
profunde excavata.

Shell regularly conical, apex acute; whorls (5, 6) concentrically striated, flattened ;
the lower surface convex, striated, and deeply excavated.

The volutions are narrow and flattened, the encircling rib narrow and elevated; the
figure is very oblique, the basal diameter exceeds the height by one fourth.

Our figure is somewhat reduced.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchmhampton and Bussage ; Luc, Langrune, France.

GASTEROPODA. 83

Trocnotoma TaBuLata. Plate X, figs. 17, 17a.

T. Testa conicd, apice acuto, anfractibus (5) tenuissimé striatis subquadratis, medio
angulatis ; anfractu ultimo subangulato ; basi planato, profunde excavatd.

Shell conical, apex acute; whorls 5, very finely striated, step-like, and angulated in
their middle portion ; the last whorl is angulated, the base flattened and deeply excavated.

The sides of the volutions are nearly flat, both above and beneath the angle, which,
together with the smallness of the encircling rib, fineness of the strie, and acute apex,
serves to distinguish it from 7. calizv or 7. afinis, Desl., which is an Inferior Oolite species.
It is moderately common. Height 10 lines, basal diameter 12 lines.

Our figure is of medium dimensions.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchinhampton.

Trocnotoma oprusa. Plate X, fig. 15a, d.

T. Testa turbinatd; apice obtuso; anfractibus (5) convexiusculis, striatis, basi dilatatd,
medio laté excavatd; peripherid striata.

Shell turbinated; apex obtuse ; whorls (5) rather convex, striated, the lower surface
dilated, its middle widely excavated, periphery striated.

The encircling rib is large but depressed, and contributes to give a convex aspect to
the whorls; the striz are large, the general figure being more turbinated, or less regularly
conical than is usual with the Zrochotome, each advance of growth was equal to two thirds
of a volution: it is by far the most abundant of the genus. Height 10 lines, basal
diameter 13 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite of Minchinhampton.

TROCHOTOMA EXTENSA. Plate X, figs. 19a, 193.

T. Testd conicd; apice obtuso, depressd; anfractibus (A, 5) subangulatis, planis, et
levibus; basi ampla, profunde excavatd.

Shell conical; apex obtuse, depressed; whorls (4, 5) subangular, flattened, and
smooth ; base wide, rather convex; cavity large and deep.

This is by far the largest and most rare of the Great Oolite species, the base is
enormously wide, and the cavity very large. Height 16 lines, basal diameter 30 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton.

84 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Trocnotoma DIscoIpEA, Roémer, sp. Plate X, figs. 10, 10a, 104, 10c.

?Trocnus DiscorpEts, Roémer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 150, t. 11, fig. 12.
— — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont,, p. 354.
— oo Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 1300.

T. Testa discoided, plano-convewd, basi concavd, lato-umbilicatd; anfractibus (3) depressis,
subconvexis, transversin lineatis, basi acutis; aperturd transverse depressd, ovata.
(Roémer.)

Shell discoidal, slightly convex, base concave, widely umbilicated ; whorls (3) depressed,
rather convex, transversely lineated, lines impressed by closely-arranged longitudinal and
very fine oblique stria ; lines upon the base acute ; aperture depressed and excavated.

We have never been able to discover an open fissure upon this small species, but the
general figure agrees with this genus so well that we have not ventured to assign it to any
other. Four lines are visible upon the lower and seven upon the upper face of the last
volution, which is angular or step-like; the first two turns are smooth and rounded : rare.
Height 3 lines, basal diameter 7% lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton ; Coral Rag, near Hildeshetm (Roémer).

Stomatra, Zam. 1801.

Sromax, Montfort. 1810.

Shell suborbicular or oblong, generally ear-shaped and depressed ; in most species the
spire is prominent, but not produced, nor elongated ; sometimes, however, it is very small,
marginal, and inconspicuous. Aperture mostly longitudinal; im some species nearly
orbicular ; in others much elongated ; always very large ; its edges entire, united, at the
upper part, and scarcely modified or altered in form by any portion of the last volution.
Volutions from two to four. (@. B. Sowerby.)

From the characters of the aperture and the presence of the carina, we have
ventured to assign the following shell to the genus Sfomatia (Lam.), from most of the
recent species of which it differs in having a depressed spire, and the lines of growth and
spiral striz very regular, and sharply defined. Should other specimens afford further
generic distinctions, we would suggest the name Megastoma for it.

GASTEROPODA. 85

SromatraA? (Mzcastoma), Buvignieri. Plate IX, fig. 32, 32 a.

S. Testd semiglobosd; spird parva, depressd; anfractu ultimo transversim costulato, et
in medio carinato, carind acutd, elatd, costis longitudinalibus densis, lineis tenuissimis
impressis notatis; apertura magna semilunari; labio externo fisso ?

Shell semiglobose ; spire depressed ; last whorl with a mesial, elevated, acute carina,
crossed by longitudinal, narrow, elevated ribs—the ribs being impressed by fine encircling,
transverse lines; aperture very large; outer lip slightly notched. ‘The shell above the
carina is flattened ; the ribs, which are perfectly regular, pass over the carma, and beneath
are decussated by fine transverse lines.

Locality. This rare shell, which attains the size of a small bean, has only been found
in the soft oolite beneath the planking on Minchinhampton Common.

We have dedicated this species to M. Buvignier, who has figured and described some
apparently congeneric forms under the name of Sfomatella carinata and S. funata. (See
*Mém. Soc. Phil. Verdun,’ 1843, p. 19, t. 5, f. 27—30.)

Family— FIsSURELLID2.

Fissurenia, Lam. 1801.

FissurELLus, Montfort, 1810.

Shell conical, base entirely open, orbicular or oval; apex central or subcentral, having
a foramen of an oval figure, central, or near to the anterior or shorter side ; surface usually
cancellated, or ornamented with ribs and lines; margin generally thickened; muscular
impression nearly continuous.

FissureELLA acuta, Des/. Plate VIII, fig. 5, 5a—c.
FissURELLA AcuTA, Deslongchamps, 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, tom. vii,
pl. 7, figs. 22—24.
RIMULA — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

F. Testd conicd, altd; basi subcirculari; apice acuto, subcentrali; foramine subapicials,
antice versato, superne rotundato, inferne rimd angusté producto, striis longitudinalibus
parvis crebris, aliis transversis testam decussantibus. (Deslong.)

Shell conical, elevated, nearly circular; apex acute, nearly central; foramen a little
anterior to the apex, rounded above, narrow below; striz longitudinal, small, closely-
arranged, crossed by others, transverse and less prominent. Height 3 lines, base 3 lines.

12

86 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Locality. This little conical shell ranks with the rarest productions of the Great
Oolite ; the white stone of Eastcombs and Bussage have furnished the only known English
specimens: Langrune, France.

Rimvna, Defrance, 1827.

Rimvtaria, Defrance. 1827.
Steno, Brown. 1847.

Shell conical, base entirely open, oval; apex curved more or less posteriorly ; surface
near the anterior border with a fissure, or oval foramen, usually placed upon a prominent
longitudinal rib; the fissure does not reach the margin.

RIMULA TRICARINATA, Sow., sp. Plate VIII, fig. 2, 2a—c.

EMARGINULA TRICABINATA, Sow. 1826. Min. Con., t. 519, fig. 2.

— Brown. 1847. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 104, t. xlviii,
figs. 14, 14*.

—_— — Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 457.

— _— D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

R. Testa parvd, conicd ; apice postice curvato, costis tribus magnis anticis, aliis minoribus
posticis, lineis interstitialibus, transversis numerosis.

Shell small, conical ; apex curved posteriorly, with three large diverging, anterior ribs ;
other smaller ribs occupy the sides and posterior part of the shell; the interstitial spaces
have numerous tranverse lines.

In this species, as in the 2. Blotiz, the fissure is of a lengthened oval figure, and is cut
out of the middle and more elevated rib. Having examined the original specimen figured
in the Mineral Conchology, we are enabled to assign it to the present genus without
hesitation; in two of the specimens on the same tablet, an imperfection at the anterior
extremity of the mesial rib gave them somewhat the aspect of an Hmarginula, and may have
been the reason, probably, for assigning both this and &. clathrata with that genus.

Locality. Ancliff: two specimens have, likewise, been found at Minchinhampton.

RimvuLa cLaTHRatA, Sow., sp. Plate VIII, fig. 1, la—e.

EMARGINULA CLATHRATA, Sow. 1826. Min. Con., t. 519, fig. 1.
? — Gotprussit, Roémer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., t. 19, fig. 23.
? —_ — Goldfuss. 1845. Petref., t. 167, fig. 15.
StpHo cLaTHRatA, Brown. 1847. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 103, t. 48, figs. 1, 2.
Rimuta = — Morris. 1843. Catalogue of British Fossils, p. 160.
— a Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 1088.
_ - D’ Orb. 1849. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

GASTEROPODA. 87

Rh. Testdé conicd; apice postice curvato; ambitu ovali; rimd angustd, costis majoribus
radiantibus (circa 18), minoribus tranversis decussatis.

Shell conical; apex somewhat spiral, and curved posteriorly ; base oval, foramen
narrow, lengthened, and rather distant from the anterior margin; ribs radiating (about 18
in number), crossed by others, smaller and transverse.

The indifferent condition of the original specimen will account for its having been
placed with Lmarginula.

Locality. Ancliff and Minchinhampton ; at the latter place it occurs only in the bed
of planking : it is rare.

Rimvxa Burori, Des/., sp., Plate VIII, fig. 3, 3a, 4, ¢.

Emaretnvia Buiorri, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, tom. vii,
pl. 10, figs. 1—3.
a — JD Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303,

Rk. Testdé parva, crassa, conicd; apice posticée curvato, lateribus subplanis; costis radi-
antibus magnis 15 et parvis 14 alternis; sulcis punctis tranversalibus magnis notatis.

Shell small, thick, conical; apex curved posteriorly, the sides flattened ; ribs radiating,
15 larger and 14 smaller, alternating—the three larger anterior ones being the most
prominent; the transverse sulci of the interstitial spaces are large.

This species bears a considerable resemblance to £2. ¢ricarinata; but it is more com-
pressed laterally, the three large anterior cost are less divergent, and the form of the base
is a longer oval. The &. ¢ricarinata is likewise destitute of the smaller ribs, and has more
numerous transverse lines.

Locality. \t occurs rarely at Ancliff; and is likewise scarce in the shelly roestone of
the Inferior Oolite at Leckhampton Hill, Cheltenham. A single specimen, badly preserved,
has also been procured at Minchinhampton. Colleville, Calvados.

Emarerinuna, Lam., 1801.

PatELLa sp., Linn.
Emareinutvs, Montf. 1810.

Shell conical ; apex usually curved posteriorly, base entirely open, orbicular or oval ;
’ J? ?
its anterior margin having a vertical fissure more or less lengthened; surface ornamented
with ribs, and decussated.

88 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

EMARGINULA scaLARIs, Sow. Plate VIII, figs. 4, 4a, 4, c.

EMARGINULA SCALARIS, Sow. 1826. Min. Con., t. 519, figs. 3, 4.
_ _ Brown. 1847. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 103, t. xlviii, fig. 5.
— — Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 456.
— — D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

7 _ Desl. 1842. Mem. Soc. Lin. Norm. vii. p. 125.

E. Testé parva, conicd ; ambitu suborbiculari; apice plus minusve postico ; costis levibus
radiantibus et transversis decussantibus; rima elongata latd.

Shell small, conical; base nearly circular; apex elevated, more or less posterior ; ribs
radiating, smooth, transversely crossed by others. The radiating ribs are narrow, but
are somewhat larger than those which are transverse; the mesial radiating rib bifurcates
near the margin, forming a lengthened and wide fissure.

Locality. Ancliff and Minchmhampton ; at the latter place it is very rare: Langrune,
France.

Family—PATELLIDE.

PateLua, Linneus. 1758.

Paretiaria, Lhwyd. Lith. Brit. Ich.
Hetcion, D’ Orbigny.

Shell ovately conical, with an oblong or oval base ; apex subcentral, or inclinmg towards
the anterior side ; internal surface smooth ; muscular impression horse-shoe shaped ; margin
of the aperture entire.

PaTELLA CINGULATA, Goldf. Plate XII, figs. 4, 4a—d.

PaTELLA cINGuLATA, Goldfuss. 1843. Petref., t. 177, fig. 11.
HELCION — D' Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 358.

P. Testa conicad, ambitu ovali, verticé subacuto, elato, erecto, antemediano; striis concen-
tricis confertis irregularibus.

Shell conical, base oval, apex subacute, elevated, erect, placed anterior to the middle
line of the shell, with encircling, irregular, closely-arranged striz.

This may be regarded as one of the most abundant and characteristic of the Patelle of
the Great Ooolite. It occurs in all the shelly beds, but more especially in the white stone
of Eastcombs and Bussage, near Brimscombe. The dimensions vary from the size of a
duck-shot to a diameter of seven lines; and, from the great thickness of the shell, it is
usually well preserved. The height is equal to two thirds of the longer basal diameter.

GASTEROPODA. 89

PaTELLA RUGOSA, Sow. Plate XII, figs. 1, la—g.

PaTELLaRIA sIMA, Lhwyd. 1760. Lith. Brit. Ich., t. 8, No. 436.1
Tue Parsrure, Park. 1811. Org. Rem., vol. iii, p. 50, t. 5, fig. 21.
PaTELLA RuGOSA, Sow. 1816. Min. Con., t. 139, fig. 6.
— — Fleming. 1827. Brit. Anim., p. 288.
—_ — Brown. 1849. Tllust. Foss. Conch., p. 104, t. xlviti, fig. 18.
_ _ Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 155.
— ANCYLOIDES, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 484, fig. 2.
— — Brown. Ilust. Foss. Conch., p. 105, t. xlviui, figs. 27—29.
? — ~ Tessonri, Deslongchamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, vol. vii, t. 7, fig. 3.
Hetcion rugosa, D’Orb. Prod. Paleéont., p. 303.

P. Testé ovata, postice convead, anticé subconcavd, apice depresso, versis marginem
anticum inflexo ; costulis radiantibus crebris, interstitiis lineatis ; striis alteris transversis
decussantibus, antice congestis, testamque corrugantibus, postice remotis.

Shell ovate, posterior side convex, anterior rather concave ; apex depressed, inclined
towards the anterior margin ; the longitudinal radiating ribs are closely arranged, with fine
lines between them, and decussated by encircling striae, which, upon the anterior side, are
corrugated or compressed closely together ; posteriorly they are remote.

The aspect of this shell varies considerably, even in specimens obtained from the same
quarry; and these differences are irrespective of those produced by the various stages of
growth. Some approach to the circular form, and in such the apex is more central,
elevated, and less curved forwards; others, which are a longer oval, have the summit more
beak-like and depressed. ‘The different degrees of magnitude in the radiating costae, and
the depth to which they are impressed by the encircling strie, likewise contribute to the
varieties of aspect. ‘The greater number of specimens obtained from the quarries at
Minchinhampton Common have a rugose aspect, but those from the quarries situated to
the north of the vale of Brimscombe are usually different; the shell becomes very thin,
the form is more depressed, and the surface is nearly smooth, the ribs being faintly marked,
and the encircling strize scarcely discernible. When very young, and not exceeding 6
lines in length, the figure is more depressed, of a longer oval, nearly smooth, and the apex
is turned, and even slightly twisted to the right side, constituting the Patella ancyloides of
the ‘Mineral Conchology.’ It is rare to obtain the shell so small; and the Ancliff
specimen, upon which the species was founded, is, in common with all the Great Oolite
shells of that locality, extremely small, but the number of intermediate sizes obtained, leave
no doubt of its identity. It occurs, indifferently, in all the shelly beds. Our largest
specimen has a length of 25 inches, a width of 24 inches, and a height of 13 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common; Bussage ; Ancliff.

Found also in the Stonesfield slate (Sowerdy) ; in the roestone of the Inferior Oolite at

6
1 « Patellaria sima, fusci coloris, cancellata major. E lapicidina Stunfeldiensi,” p. 24.

90 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Leckhampton Hill, near Cheltenham (Buckman); and in the Great Oolite of Langrune,
Luc, Ranville, &c., Normandy (Deslongchamps).

The Patella Tessonii (E. Desl.), which is referred to this species with some doubt, was
obtained from the Inferior Oolite of Moutiers-en-Cinglais by M. Tesson.

PaTELLA PARADOXA. Plate XII, figs. 2, 2a, 6. y

P. Testé suborbiculatd, apice depresso, versus marginem anticum inflexo, latere antico
concavo, postico convexo ; costis radiantibus, elatis, rotundatis, undulatis, transversim striatis,
et distantibus, costis posticis 9 magnis, lateralibus obscuris, anticis congestis et corrugatis.

Shell suborbicular, apex depressed, turned towards the anterior margin ; anterior side
concave, posterior convex; ribs radiating, large, distant, elevated, rounded, undulated and
impressed by transverse striz; the posterior coste, about 9 in number, are large, those
upon the sides of the shell are depressed and obscure ; the anterior ribs are congested and
corrugated.

The general aspect of this singular shell reminds us of Patella rugosa, which it follows
somewhat in its varieties of aspect. When young, the few posterior coste are prominent,
but the sides of the shell are smooth, and the general figure is more depressed and
elongated ; the costae are much larger than in P. rugosa, more distant, and, in consequence,
much fewer; and the entire shell has a wrinkled and very rugose aspect. The colours are
usually more or less preserved.

Locality. This may be considered as the most rare of the Minchinhampton Patelle.
The few examples obtained have been found in the planking, or in the equivalent white
stone of Eastcombs and Bussage. The young form, were it known only by a single
specimen, would probably be regarded as a distinct species; the older specimens attain
nearly the dimensions of a middle-sized P. rugosa.

Pareta suncata, Deslongchamps. Plate XII, figs. 3, 3a, 4.

PaTRLLA suLcata, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, vol. vii,
p. 115, t. 7, figs. 9—11.
Hexcion — D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 272.

P. Testa subellipticd, conico-depressd ; apice recto; costis elatioribus radiantibus,
tnaqualibus, sguammato-rugosis, sulcis profundis interpositis, margine subcrenato.

Shell subelliptical, conical, but depressed ; apex erect; ribs elevated, radiating,
unequal, squamose or rugose, with deep interstitial spaces ; margin somewhat crenated.

The costae do not increase in size materially as they approach the margin, and the
additional ribs which are added with increase of growth equal the others in size. This

GASTEROPODA. 91

species possesses a general resemblance to P. Aubentonensis, but the ribs are much more
elevated, closely arranged, and rugose. The figure given by M. Deslongchamps is more
elevated, but possesses no other essential distinctive character. Length 9 lines, breadth
7 lines, height 3 lines.

Locality. Rare, in the planking of Minchinhampton Common; also found in the
Inferior Oolite of Port-en-Bessin (Deslongchamps).

PATELLA STRIATULA. Plate XII, figs. 5, 5a, 0.

P. Testa parva, conicd, obtusa ; ambitu ovali; costis radiantibus, tenuioribus, crebris,
flexuosis et nodulosis ; lineis incrementi irregularibus.

Shell small, conical; apex obtuse ; base oval; with ribs radiating, fine, closely arranged,
waved, and nodulated ; lines of growth irregular.

This species is more elevated than P. Audentonensis, and the apex more obtuse; the
costze are likewise finer and more closely arranged.

Locality. Yn the soft shelly Oolite beneath the planking at Minchinhampton, where
it is rare.

Patriua Rormerti. Plate XII, figs. 6, 6a, 4.

P. Testa ellipticd, depressd ; apice subcentrali ; costis (30) radiantibus elatis ; lineis
interstitialibus numerosis ; striis transversis impressis; lineis incrementi trregularibus
paucis.

Shell depressed, elliptical ; apex subcentral, with 30 radiating and elevated ribs ; inter-
stitial lines numerous, the whole being crossed and impressed by striz; lines of growth
irregular and few.

This elegant little species is sometimes nearly discoidal, the central portion being most
frequently denuded of costs ; the form is more nearly circular than P. Aubentonensis, and
more depressed ; the costa are more elevated and less rounded, the interstitial spaces
being much deeper. The longer diameter rarely exceeds 9 lines, the elevation being
about 2.

Locality. t is moderately rare, but not confined to any one shelly bed, in the vicinity
of Minchinhampton.

PATELLA AUBENTONENSIS, Archiac. Plate XII, figs. 7, 7a, 4, ¢, d.

PaTELLA AUBENTONENSIS, Archiac. 1843. Mém., Soc. Géol. de France, vol. v, p. 377,
t. 28, fig. 8.
HELCION — D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 304.

92 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

P. Testa conicd, depressd; ambitu ovali; apice acuto, antemediano ; costulis radi-
antibus inequalibus irregularibus, flecuosis ; striis transversis tenuissimis, irregularibus.

Shell conical, depressed ; base oval; apex acute, placed anterior to the middle of the
shell; ribs radiating, unequal, irregular and waved; stria transverse, irregular, and
very fine.

The radiating ribs are sometimes only visible towards the margin; the lines of growth
are few and uncertain ; as in the other Pafe//e, the degree of elevation varies considerably,
the apex approaching more nearly to the anterior border in such as are depressed ; the
colours are sometimes partially preserved.

Locality. Vt is not uncommon, and occurs in all the shelly beds of the Great Oolite
near Minchinhampton. Our largest specimen is 14 inches in its longer diameter.

M. D’Archiac describes this species as occurring in the Great Oolite of Aubenton,
France, where it is rare.

PATELLA SUPRAJURENSIS, Buv. Plate XII, figs. 9, 9a.

? PATELLA SUPRAJURENSIS, Buvignier. 1843. Mém. Soc. Philom. de Verdun (Meuse),
pl. 5, fig. 10.

P. Testé ovato-depressd ; apice subcentrali; ambitu oval; striis incrementi irregu-
laribus, distinctis ; striis concentricis tenuissimis crebris.

Shell ovate, depressed ; apex subcentral; base oval; lines of growth irregular, strongly
marked; concentric striz closely arranged and very fine.

The absence of radiating coste sufficiently separates this from P. Awbentonensis, the
general figure of which it nearly resembles; the lines of growth are hkewise much more
strongly marked.

Locality. It is comparatively rare, and is not confined to any of the shelly beds of the
Oolite at Minchinhampton. Found also in the Portland limestone of Varennes. (Bwv).

PATELLA ARACHNOIDEA. Plate XII, figs. 8, 8a, 0.

P. Testa parva, ellipticd et conicd; apice acuto centrali; costulis longitudinalibus minutis
et distantibus; lineis transversis numerosis, elatis et trregularibus.

Shell small, elliptical and conical; apex acute, central; with longitudinal, minute, and
distant ribs ; transverse lines very numerous, elevated, and irregular.

This small species has an elevated, acute apex, and displays under the magnifier a
beautiful net-work kind of surface ; the encircling lines are three or four times more dense
than the longitudinal elevations. The form is nearly that of Pi/eolus plicatus, but more
acute, and the character of the surface is altogether different.

Locality. The shelly beds at Quarhouse, which correspond to the planking of Min-
chinhampton Common, have furnished our specimens.

GASTEROPODA. 93

PATELLA INORNATA. Plate XII, figs. 11, 11a.

P. Testa elliptica, levissimd, lateribus subcompressis; apice elato, erecto, subacuto, et
postmediano; latere antico concavo, postico recto.

Shell elliptical, very smooth, the sides rather compressed; the apex erect, elevated ;
subacute, and situated posterior to the middle of the shell; anterior side concave, posterior
straight.

The figure is a lengthened oval, the anterior side being rather depressed and _pro-
duced; the concavity anterior to the apex, presents some resemblance to P. xitida
(Deslongchamps); but in that shell the anterior side is much the shortest. P. xitida is,
likewise, much more nearly orbicular and conical, the vertex being distinctly curved
forwards. The smaller specimens have a more depressed figure, the anterior cavity being
scarcely perceptible.

Longer diameter 10 lines, shorter diameter 8 lines, height 5 lines.

Locality. \t occurs in all the shelly beds, but is not very common in the Minchin-
hampton district.

PaTeLta NANA, Sow. Plate XII, figs. 10, 10a.

PaTELLA NANA, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 484, fig. 3.

— — Fleming. 1827. Brit. Anim., p. 288.

— — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 155.

— — Brown. 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 105, t. xlvin, figs. 24—26.
Hetcion nana, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 303.

P. Testdé parvd, elliptica, conicd, levissind; apice submediano, erecto, obtuso.

Shell small, elliptical, conical, very smooth ; apex nearly mesial, erect and obtuse.

The figure approaches near to P. cingulata, but it is usually a longer oval, and slightly
compressed at the sides; in the young state the apex is more obtuse and depressed, the
form being then a longer oval. Many of the larger specimens are scarcely to be distin-
guished from P. cingulata, except by the absence of encircling striz; and in badly
preserved specimens the strize are nearly obsolete. P. zana may, therefore, possibly be
only a variety of P. cingulata; they occur in the same beds, and are equally numerous. It
is true that good specimens of each species are sufficiently distinct; but knowing the
variations to which the shells of this genus are subject, we have thought proper to allude
to the possible specific affinity. The size never equals that of the larger specimens of
P. cingulata.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common: found also in the Oolite of Ancliff, near
Bradford, Wilts.

13

94. MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

Destonecuampsia, M/*Coy,' 1849.

D. Testa orbiculatd, conicd; apice subcentrali versus marginem anticum inflexo; costulis
radiantibus, antico sulco lato longitudinali, in laminam appendiculatam producto.

Shell suborbicular, conical; apex acute, subcentral, curving slightly forwards; with a
wide longitudinal anterior sulcus, produced into a rounded lobe.

This genus has been separated from the Jefoptoma of Phillips, on account of the pro-
longation of the anterior excavated side into a rounded process, which it is presumed does
not exist in that genus; the surface is highly ornamented, but the J/efoptome are smooth.
Two species are known, one of which is the Patel/a appendiculata of M. Deslongchamps
(Mém. Soc. Linn. de Norm. vii, pl. XI, f. 1, 2); a somewhat oval shell, having simple,
large radiating costa, and the present species which has a cancellated surface. M. Deslong-
champs remarks, that in all the patelloid shells, except the Pael/e, the apex is turned
posteriorly, and if there exists any notch, furrow, or peculiar mark, it is always found on
the anterior side, and never on the side to which the apex is curved. The situation of
the furrow anteriorly, in the P. appendiculata, or on that side to which the apex of the
shell is turned, as in the Pate//z, would indicate an important modification in the mantle,
or some other organ of this mollusc.”

DESLONGCHAMPSIA EUGENEI, M/‘Coy. Plate XII, figs. 13, 13a.

D. Testa suborbiculatd, conicd; apice subcentrali, acuto, sulco antico lato striato; costulis
numerosis, longitudinalibus, transversisque decussantibus; sulcis interstitialibus profundis.
Shell suborbicular, conical; apex subcentral, acute, anterior sulcus wide, striated ; ribs

' Professor M‘Coy having kindly forwarded his notes on this genus, intended for publication, we have,
with his permission, inserted them:
« DesLonacuampsia, M‘Coy.
‘Shell convex, radiatingly ridged ; apex eccentric towards the anterior end; a concave spoon-shaped
hollow extends from the apex, gradually inclining to the outer margin, which it carries downwards into a
small rounded lobe.

‘«This shell, like Phillips’s genus Metoptoma, has a triangular hollow extending from the apex to the
front margin, therein differing from Patella ; the present genus differs from Metoptoma in its ridged surface,
and from it and Patel/a in the front margin being produced downwards into a rounded lobe. This latter
structure would prevent the firm adhesion of the shell! This group has been recognised by M. E.
Deslongchamps, but not characterised, as he only knew one species. Having obtained another, perfectly
distinct, but identical in generic characters, I have characterised the genus, and dedicated it to M.
Deslongchamps, to whom I think the merit of recognising it in the first instance belongs. Any one who
reads the charming passage in M. Deslongchamps’ Memoir (p. 119, vol, vii of the ‘Mém. de la Soc. Linn.
de Normandie’) will understand the pleasure with which I dedicate this species to his son Eugene, under
the name of Deslongchampsia Eugenei.”’—(M‘Coy’s MS. notes, 1849.)

* In the specimen in the British Museum, (figured Plate XII, fig. 13,) the apex is imperfect, but the
direction of the strize appear to indicate a reverse or posterior direction of the apex, and, consequently,
analogous to the Fissurellide.

GASTEROPODA. 95

elevated, numerous, transversely crossed by others of nearly equal size; and interstitial
spaces deep.

The anterior sulcus has a hollowed or spoon-shaped figure, and, like the other portion
of the surface, is cancellated; but the longitudimal ribs are more closely arranged: the
number of ribs in the circumference is about 50.

Height 3 lines, basal diameter 6 lines, width of anterior sulcus at the margin 2 lines.

Locality. It is very rare, and has been obtained only in the white stone of Eastcombs
and Bussage: we are not aware that more than three examples have been found.

Umpretta? Hampronensis. Plate XII, figs. 12, 12a.

U. Testdé parvd, depressd; ambitu orbiculari; apice obtuso, depresso, centrali; costis
radiantibus, levibus, paucis, irregularibus, flecuosis; sulcis interstitialibus separatis.

Shell small, depressed; base orbicular; apex obtuse, discoidal, and central; ribs
radiating, smooth, few, irregular, and waved ; separated by interstitial sulcations.

This little shell is sometimes perfectly flat, but usually somewhat convex; it is
extremely thin, and as the under surface has not been fully disclosed, it must be referred
to Umbrella with some degree of doubt; it may, however, be probably considered as
related to the patelliform shells. The basal diameter rarely exceeds 4 lines.

Locality. The soft shelly Oolite beneath the planking usually furnishes it in the
neighbourhood of Minchinhampton : it is rare.

ORDER—OPISTHOBRANCHIATA, W/. Edwards.

Family—Bv Lupe.

Buuua, Lina.

Shell oval, ventricose, or cylindrical, generally thin and fragile, the last whorl more or
less enveloping the preceding ones; spire umbilicated, or slightly produced ; aperture
large, the whole length of the shell, narrow above and dilated below ; outer lip sharp.

The specimens of this genus from the Great Oolite are very few, and in a condition less
satisfactory than could be wished. ‘They have been obtained (with a single exception) from
the upper beds of the formation to the east of the town of Minchinhampton. These beds
usually consist of hard gray or brownish calcareo-siliceous sandstones, sometimes con-
eretionary, and contain Ceromye, certamn Pholadomye, and other shells which are never
found in the lower and more shelly beds. The Bulle are rare, but might possibly become
less so, were the stone brought more under the inspection of workmen and connoisseurs ;
but being lifted only in small quantities during the winter season, from little excavations -

96 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

for road mending, and being, moreover, a very intractable material, none but a persevermg
local collector can be expected to obtain even a partial knowledge of its fossil contents.
His reward will usually be, as in the present instance, mere imperfect casts, which contrast
unfavorably with the products of the richer and softer shelly beds.

Buia unpunata, Bean. Plate VIII, figs. 8, 8.

Buiua unpunata, Bean. 1839. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 61, fig. 22.
= — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 140.

4

B. Testd ovatié, ventricosd ; apice umbilicato; umbilico contracto ; labro interno
sinuato ; aperturd magnd, superné angustatd, inferne dilatire ; striis incrementi numerosis,
longitudinaliter undatis.

Shell ovate, ventricose ; apex umbilicated ; umbilicus contracted ; inner lip simnated ;
aperture large; narrow above, wider below; strie of growth numerous, longitudinally
undulated.

Breadth, two thirds of the length.

The specimen figured by Mr. Bean in the ‘Magazine of Natural History,’ from the
Cornbrash of Yorkshire, is about half as large again as the shell here described, and the
inner lip is not so much sinuated; but in other respects it is very similar.

The general features of this shell bear a considerable resemblance to the Bulla elongata,
Phillips, ‘ Geology of Yorkshire,’ pl. iv, fig. 7; but it is much less elongated than that
species.

Locality. Our specimen was obtained from the upper portion of the Great Oolite
formation, in a bed of hard brown shelly sandstone, 95 feet above the Fullers-Earth, one
mile and a half east of Minchinhampton. Rare.

Butta Louiotum. Plate VIII, figs. 16, 16a, 160.

B. Testa cylindro-ventricosd ; apertura angusta, basi subdilatatd, vertice subcontracto,
profunde excavato, margine elato, et rotundato.

Shell cylindrical, but ventricose ; aperture narrow, its base rather dilated, apicial cavity
somewhat contracted and deeply excavated; the mamillary apex of the whorls being
large, and rising considerably from the base of the cavity, but not so high as the outer
margin ; margin of the cavity elevated, narrow, and rounded.

The figure is nearly barrel-shaped, both the extremities appearing truncated and
narrower than in the middle part. The character of the apicial cavity resembles that of
several species of Cylindrites, figured upon the same plate; we have not been able to expose
the base of the columella; but, judging from the general figure of the shell and of the

GASTEROPODA. 97

aperture, we prefer to regard it as a Bu//a. Upon comparing approximate forms it will
be found that the figure of the base and cavity of the vertex is much wider than in
C. pyriformis; the cavity is much more contracted and deeply excavated than in C. du/-
Jatus; a third shell, which more nearly approximates in form to our species, is the
Bulla Hildesiensis, figured by Roémer, (Verst. Nord. Ool. Geberges, t. ix, fig. 26,) in
which, however, the form appears to be more elongated and the aperture more expanded
towards the base.

Our shell would seem to be rare; we have obtained it in one small excavation only,
about 100 feet above the Fullers-Earth, in concretionary sandstone: the dismtegrating
action of frost has enabled us to detach two specimens, and we have vainly endeavoured to
extricate several others from a matrix harder than themselves.

Axis 7 lines, transverse diameter 53 lines, diameter of the cavity 2 lines.

Locality. A superficial excavation one mile east of Minchinhampton.

Family—ACTEHONIDE.
Cyrinprites—WJVov. gen.
ACTON sp., Sow., D’ Ord.

Testa subcylindricd vel ovata, spird pared ; anfractibus plerumque planis, marginibus
acutis, anfractu ultimo cylindraceo, apertura elongatd, superne linearis, inferné integra
et rotundatd ; columelld ad basim cortortd, labro dextro tenui ad basim crassiort.

Shell smooth, subcylindrical or ovate ; spire small; whorls usually flattened, with acute
margins ; the last whorl cylindrical ; aperture lengthened; lmear above ; rounded and
entire at the base; columella rounded, twisted near to the base, and slightly directed
outwards ; right lip thin, but thicker at the base.

The cylindrical figure, flattened and nearly concealed volutions, their acute margins,
the linear aperture and columella directed outwards at the base, are the characters which
entitle this group to be separated from Acton (Tornatella Lam.), and constituted a new
genus, it is in fact a Pyramidella in all but the basal notch ; some of the species will be
found to approach to the Cones, others the Bulla, in each case more nearly than to Acton,
Species of this genus also occur in the Inferior Oolite, but they are perfectly distinct from
those which are here described.

All the species of this genus have smooth shells ; in Actacon most of the species are
transversely striated or punctato-striate.

Mr. Sowerby, in the description of Acfeon cuspidatus, remarks, “So novel is the
contour of this little shell, that it is with difficulty compared to any before known; it
agrees, however, with the essential characters of Actaon, but differs in general form, and

98 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

in having a plain surface ; it comes nearer in shape to Volvaria, but that has a truncated
or notched base, and crenated lip to the aperture, besides several plaits upon the columella.”

It has been proposed to form a new genus of it, to be called Cylindrites, but the
following species (4. acwtus) having a conical spire, connects it with dcte@on Noe. ‘Min.
Con.’ 5, p. 77, 1825.

Notwithstanding their general resemblance to Actzeon, we believe the species here
described to be generically distinct from the typical forms of that genus, and have there-
fore proposed to retain the name Cylindrites for them.

The genus may be divided into two sections :

A. Species with the spire elevated and acute.

B. Species with the spire depressed and mammillated.

The species belonging to the second section appears to pass into the Acteonellz of the
cretaceous system.

A. Species with the spire elevated and acute.

CyLinDRiTEs acutus. Sow. sp. Pl. VIII, fig. 9, 9 a, 3b.

Acton acutus, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 455, fig. 2.
— — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 138.
- _ D’ Orb, 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
— _ Bronn. 1848. Index Palwont., p. 10.

Lesté subcylindricd, spird conicd, apice acuto, anfractibus (4) planis seu subconvezis ;
anfractu ultimo margine rotundato.

Shell subcylindrical, spire conical, apex acute; whorls (4) flat or slightly convex; the
last volution rounded at its upper margin.

Locality. This shell occurs in much greater numbers than all the individuals of the
other species put together ; it may, in fact, be considered as one of the most common
univalves in the Great Oolite near Minchinhampton.

It occurs in the Oolite at Ancliffe, Wiltshire, whence the original specimens were
obtained, which are figured and described in the ‘ Mineral Conchology,’ and Mr. J. de C.
Sowerby has kindly allowed us the use of the same for examination and comparison.

CyninprirEs cusprpatus. Sow. sp. Pl. VIII, fig. 10, 10a.

AcT£ON cusPIDATus, Sow. 1824. Min. Con., t. 455, fig. 1.
— — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 138.
— — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
— — Bronn. 1848. Index Palont., p. 10.
TORNATELLA CUSPIDATA, Deslongchamps. Mém. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, vol. vii,
p. 136, t. x, figs. 25, 26.
_ _ Brown. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 85, t. xliii, figs. 11, 12.

GASTEROPODA. 99

Testa cylindrica, spird parva sub-inversd, apice mammillato ; anfractibus angustis planis ;
anfractu ultimo margine rotundato.

Shell cylindrical ; spire small, somewhat inversed in the latter volutions; apex mam-
millated ; volutions narrow, flattened ; the last one rounded at the upper margin.

The upper margin of the last whorl rises as high as the one or two preceding ones,
leaving their edges exposed so that the small mammillated apex and one or two first
whorls seem to rise from a cavity. In the character of its spire this shell forms a passage
to the remaining species, in none of which does the apex of the spire rise higher than the
margin of the last whorl, the vertex is consequently more or less bow]-shaped or concave,
the volutions never being entirely concealed, but exhibiting their upper edges.

This is a rare shell, and, with the preceding species, is found indifferently in all the
beds of shelly oolite belonging to this Formation.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common ; Ancliff, Wiltshire; Langrune, France.

CyLinpRiTEs aNcuLAtus. PI. VIII, fig. 11, 11 a, 4.

Testa cylindrica ; spird mediocriter elaté, sub-concavd ; apice acuto ; anfractibus (8)
angustis superné angulatis.

Shell cylindrical ; spire moderately elevated, with rather concave sides, and an acute
apex ; volutions eight, narrow and angular in their upper part.

The general figure of this shell is somewhat shorter than C. acutus, the volutions are
very narrow and angular, which, together with the somewhat concave spire, give it a well-
marked form; it is more common than the last species.

Locality. The upper beds of the Great Oolite near Minchinhampton.

Cyuinpritrs attus. Plate VIII, figs. 12, 12a, d.

C. Testa cylindrica, subfusiformi, spird elatd; anfractibus (8) planis latis.
A cylindrical, subfusiform shell, with an elevated spire, and eight flattened, and rather
broad, volutions.
In this species the spire is flattened with an acute apex, which is equal in length to a
third portion of the entire shell.
Locality. Minchinhampton Common. It is moderately rare.

100 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

B. Species with the spire depressed and mammillated.

A. CYLINDRICI.

CYLINDRITES CyLInDRIcus. Plate VIII, figs. 19, 19a, 4, c.

C. Testa cylindrica, elongata, truncata; spird depressd, vel obsoletd, vertice subconcavo;
anfractibus angulatis, anfractu ultimo margine superiore acuto.

Shell cylindrical, lengthened, truncated; spire depressed, almost obsolete ; vertex rather
concave ; volutions angular, the last one with the upper margin acute.

This is the most elongated and truncated species of the group, and might easily be
mistaken for a specimen with an imperfect spire : in well-preserved specimens the apex may
be observed to consist of two volutions, which rise above the others, forming a mammillated
summit; the base of the shell is much contracted and lengthened.

Locality. It is rare, and has been found only in the “ planking” of Minchinhampton
Common.

CyLINpRITES EXCAVATUS. Plate VIII, figs. 17, 17a, 4.

C. Testa cylindrica, truncata; spird inversd, apice mammillato, vertice magno profunde
excavato; anfractibus numerosis, marginibus acutis notatis; anfractu ultimo subconvexo,
margine superiore acuto, subcontracto; cetere note desunt.

Shell cylindrical, truncated; spire inverted; apex mammillated, vertex large, deeply
excavated ; whorls numerous, their upper margins acute; the last whorl somewhat convex,
with an acute margin, and slightly curving inwards. Base not seen.

The specimen being rather imperfect at the base prevents our ascertaining with
exactness the length of the species, which would appear to be intermediate to C. dudlatus
and C. Thorentez, but is certainly less elongated than the latter species ; the vertex is large
and very deeply crateriform, the apex not rising much above the centre of the deep con-
cavity, and not so high as the margin of the last volution, the edges of the numerous whorls
being visible in the concavity.

Locality. This example and a section of another are all which have been obtained ;
they occurred in the upper series of the Great Oolite formation, a little higher than the
hard cream-coloured limestone, and in a rock of nearly equal compactness, two miles east
of Minchinhampton, on the road to Cirencester; the same rock, also, contains C. acutus
and C. angulatus, but the intractable nature of the material renders it extremely difficult to
obtain good specimens.

GASTEROPODA. 101

Cyuinprites BREVIS. Plate VIII, figs. 13, 13a, 4.

C. Testa parva, cylindro-truncatd, apice amplo, plano, margine acuto ; lateribus planis ;
apertura ad basin sub-expanso.

Shell small, truncated, cylindrical, vertex large, flattened, its margin acute; sides of
the shell flattened, marked with lines of growth; aperture moderately expanded towards
the base.

This is the most truncated species of the genus in the Great Oolite. The vertex is
very wide, almost perfectly flattened ; but the acute edges of the volutions are visible, and
likewise the minute mamillary apex. ‘These characters, together with the short figure,
serve to distinguish it from C. eylindricus, Plate VIII, fig. 19, the shell which most nearly
approaches to it. Axis 5 lines, diameter of vertex 3 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, where it is very rare.

Cyuinprires THorENTI, Buvign., sp. Plate VIII, figs. 22, 22a, 4, c.

Butta THorENTEA, Buvignier. 1842. Géol. des Ardennes, p. 535, t. v, fig. 9.
_— — Buvignier. 1843. Mém. Soc. Philom. Verd., ii, t. 5, fig. 11.
— -— D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 304.
— eELonGata, Thorent. Mém. de la Soc. Géol. de France, iii, p. 258. (Not
Phillips, Geol. of Yorkshire.)

C. Testa subcylindricd, lateribus convexiusculis, spird parvd, depressd, contractd; anfrac-
tuum marginibus solum exsertis; apertura angustd, columella ad basin uniplicatd.

Shell subcylindrical, the sides somewhat convex, smooth, or slightly marked by the
lines of growth; spire small, depressed, and contracted ; the whorls with their margins
only visible ; aperture narrow, basal fold of the columella large.

The apicial excavation is more contracted than in either of the other species ; the apex
is large, but does not rise quite so high as the outer margin; the shell, in its general figure,
is elongated and contracted at both the extremities. Axis 9 lines, greatest transverse
diameter 4 lines, diameter of the terminal excavation 1 line.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common; it occurs in the bed of planking, but is
very rare.

M. A. Buvignier states that this fossil is found in the white limestone of the Great
Oolite in the environs of Rumigny. M. Thorent has also found it near Aubenton, and
mentions it in the Memoir above referred to, under the name of Bulla elongata, as
occurring in the Coral Rag; this is considered to be an error by M. Buvignier, as the bed
containing it, in following its course into the Ardennes, is undoubtedly beneath the
Oxford Clay.

14.

102 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

B, PyrirormMti.
CyLinpRITES BULLATUS. Plate VIII, figs. 18, 18a, 4, c.

2? Conus? minimus, Archiac. 1843. Mém Soc. Géol. de France, tom. v, t. 30, fig. 9.
Acton minimus, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.
ACTMONELLA MINIMA, Bronn. 1848. Index Palzont., p. 13.

C. Testa subcylindricd, vel ovata; spird depressd, inversd; apice mammillato; anfractibus
numerosis, marginibus rotundatis; anfractu ultimo, subconvexo, basi contracto.

Shell subcylindrical, ovate, or bulleform; spire depressed, imversed; apex mam-
millated ; whorls numerous, with rounded margins; the last whorl somewhat convex, with
a contracted base.

This form is much shorter than the last, and less flattened; the apex of the spire does
not rise higher than the margin of the last whorl; it is mammillated, and consists of three
minute volutions; the vertex is moderately large and crateriform. This species is very rare,
and has only been observed in the “ planking.”

Locality. Minchinhampton Common. Aubenton, France.

Cytinprites pyrirormis. Plate VIII, figs. 20, 20a, 4,¢; 21.

C. Testa cylindro-pyriformi, cavd apiciali contractd profundd, margine acuto elevato ;
apertura ad basim vie dilatatd, plicis magnis.

Shell cylindrical or pyriform; the apicial cavity contracted and deeply excavated,
having an acute and somewhat elevated margin; aperture linear; the folds on the
columella large.

This shell is more pyriform than its congeners, the anterior extremity being short but
attenuated, and the apicial cavity deep and contracted. ‘The cast (fig. 21) has not the
produced acute margin to the cavity exhibited by the shell (fig. 20), the cavity consequently
appears smaller; the apex of the spire is large but deeply situated.

Axis 7 lines, greatest transverse diameter 43 lines, diameter of the cavity 13 lines.

Locality. The planking of Minchinhampton Common. Casts of this shell occur higher
in the series in shelly hard sandstone one mile east of Minchinhampton ; in both positions
it is rare.

Acrzontna, D’ Orbigny, 1850.

CocuLites cyLinprorpEs, Luwid. 1760.

Actxon, sp., Phillips. AcTmon, sp., Sow.

Urricutus? Brown. t845. Elements of Fossil Conch.
— Brown. 1849. Illustrations of Fossil Conch.

GASTEROPODA. 103

C. Testd ovato-oblongd; spird sub-elatd; anfractu ultimo magno, elongato; apertura
longitudinaliter anfractui ultimo nonnunquam pari, superne angustatd, inferne latiori; labris
continuis, tenuissimis, labio interno non reflecto.

Shell ovately oblong; spire rather elevated; the last whorl large and elongated ;
aperture sometimes as long as the last whorl, narrow in its posterior, wider in its anterior
part ; lips continuous and very thin, the inner lip not reflected upon the columella.

The genus Utriculus was established by Capt. Brown, upon the recent Bulla obtusa,
and was afterwards used to comprise certain species of recent and fossil shells, previously
referred by authors to Bulla, Acteon, &c.' Although the general form of the shells thus
classed together is somewhat similar, this character cannot always be considered as
definite, inasmuch as the animal inhabitant of the fossil species may have materially differed
from the recent type. Alc. d’Orbigny, in recognising the generic differences of some allied
forms, described as Zornatella, subsequently proposed in the ‘ Prodrome de Paléontologie,’
the name Acteonina for their reception. The genus Orthostoma, instituted by Deshayes,
includes an allied series of shells, and connecting them with Acteon and Cylindrites, if we
may judge from the figures given in the ‘'Traité Elementaire de Conchyliologie,’ but of
which no description has yet been published. Upon the ground, therefore, of the doubtful
generic identity of the recent Bulla obtusa with our fossil shells, we have preferred to adopt
the name proposed by D’Orbigny.

AcT£0NINA OLIvHZFoRMIS, Dunker. sp. Plate VIII, fig. 14.

BULLA OLIVEFORMIS, Koch and Dunker. 1837. Nordd. Oolith., t. v, fig. 3.
ACTEONINA — D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 353.

A. Testa ovato-cylindracea, levi; spird productiusculd, acutd ; anfractibus spird sub-
convexis ; apertura superné angustatd.

Shell ovately cylindrical, smooth ; spire rather small, or but little produced; whorls
rather convex; the upper part of the aperture narrow.

Locality. ‘Three examples only, varying much in size, are in our collection. They
occurred in the soft shelly stone (termed ovenstone) which overlies the weatherstones at
Minchinhampton Common. It is a thinly-laminated deposit, which is sometimes nearly
made up of the valves of Ostrea acuminata ; when these are absent, their place is occupied
by a multitude of small bivalves; or, when these again become scarce, other and more
interesting forms occur, among which may be ranked the present species.

1 With regard to the comparative generic differences of the family Bullide, the reader is referred to an
interesting paper by Mr. Clark, published in the ‘ Annals of Natural History,’ for August 1850, from which
it appears, by a careful study of the structure of the animals, that the generic subdivisions established by
some authors in this group are not well characterised.

104 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

ACTEONINA? PARVULA, Roemer, sp. Plate V, figs. 11, lla, 12.

BuccinuM PARVULUM, Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 139, t. xi, fig. 23.
ACTEONINA PARVULA, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 353.

A. Testé parva, ovato-conicd ; anfractibus (4) subconvexis superioribus, lateribus sub-
planis ; apertura integra elongatd, basi angustatd, columella contorta.

Shell small, ovately conical; whorls (4) rather convex upon their upper portions, but
flattened upon their sides ; aperture entire, elongated; base narrow; columella twisted.

This little shell varies much in the length of the spire, specimens with narrow whorls
having a greater degree of convexity at their upper part than the others, but in all of them
the spire is shorter than the last volution. The largest specimens have an axis of 4 lines,
and a transverse diameter of nearly 3 lines.

Locality. Minchinhampton. It is found not unfrequently in all the quarries of the
district, and is common to the shelly beds.

AcT£ONINA? BuLIMorpDES. Plate VIII, fig. 15.

A. Testé ovato-elongaté, levi; spird elatd obtusa; anfractibus (3—4) subconvezis,
anfractu ultimo subcylindrico ; aperturd ovata ; labro sinistro incrassato.

Shell ovately elongated, smooth, with an obtuse elevated spire; whorls (3—4) some-
what convex, the last whorl subcylindrical; aperture ovate; inner lip thickened but not
broad.

The general figure is pupzform; the aperture in length does not exceed half that of
the entire shell.

This species has been provisionally arranged under <Acfeonina, although-the great
thickness of the shell and expanded columellar lip do not well agree with that genus, and
rather approximate it with Budimus. In general form it is very near to the Chemnitzia
Cornelia, D’Orb., ‘Terr. Jurass,’ t. 245, figs. 2, 3, from the Coral Rag of France ; and
both species may hereafter be found to belong to a genus distinct from Chemnitzia and
Acteonina.

Locality. Minchinhampton. ‘The specimen figured is the only example which has
come to our knowledge. The exact bed from which it was obtained is rather doubtful;
but, judging from the matrix to which it is attached, we should infer that its position was
probably the upper portion of the Great Oolite.

GASTEROPODA. 105

ADDENDA.

AMMONITES GRACILIS, Buckman. Plate XIII, figs. 2, 2a; and Plate I, fig. 3.

The description of this species is given at page 12, but the additional figure is here
given (Plate XIII, fig. 1,) to illustrate the form and general character of the more mature
shell, which differs considerably from the young state of it. (Plate I, fig. 3.)

It has the general form of Am. Charmassei, D’Orb.; but the coste in 4. gracilis are
not interrupted over the back as in that species, and the volutions are more fully exposed.

Preroceras Wricuti. Plate XIII, fig. 1.

P. Testa fusiformi, tumidd ; anfractibus (6) rotundatis, levibus vel spiraliter striatis ;
ultimo gibbo, transversim carinato ; carinis tribus rotundatis inequaliter remotis ; in digitos
longiores productis ; dorso ad angulum tuberculis duabus magnis ; labro quinque ? digito,
digitis in etate adultd longissimis, flexuosis, recurvatis ; caudd longissimd arcuatd.

Sheil fusiform, volutions 6, rounded and smooth, or faintly striated; the body-whorl
inflated, and having three indistinct carine developed on its upper surface, two of which
have a transverse prominent tubercle ; each carina leads to a digitate process; labial wing
short, and terminating in four long slender flexuous digitations ; the first digitation ascends
close to the spire, and is attached to it; it curves a little outwards, and then extends back-
wards an inch and a quarter beyond the apex of the spire, where it is broken off;' the
second curves gently outwards and backwards; the third is broken off three quarters of an
inch from the labial wing; a remaining fragment indicates that it curved gently outwards,
and is represented by a dotted line in the figure; the fourth passes forwards for an inch
and a half, and then curves outwards; the canal is long, and arched backwards.

This fine fossil presents some points of resemblance to Strombus Oceani and S. Ponti,
Al. Brongniart, but the latter species has upwards of six carinee upon the last whorl. In size
it exceeds all the other Great Oolite examples of the Strombid@, and would seem to be very
rare. One specimen in the cabinet of the author, which has not the wing developed, and is
in other respects imperfect, is the only other known example. The present remarkable shell
is in the cabinet of Dr. Wright of Cheltenham, who has kindly communicated it, and to

1 There are traces of another digitation between the first and second above described, arising near to
the base of the former, but apparently broken off in the specimen figured.

106 MOLLUSCA FROM THE GREAT OOLITE.

whom it is dedicated. The cast of a shell figured by Goldfuss, t. 173, fig. 3, under the
name of Buccinum antiquorum, from the dolomitic Oolite of Bavaria, may possibly belong
to an allied species of the same genus.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, in the beds of planking.

Neritopsts varicosa. Plate XI, figs. 20, 20a; Plate XIII, fig. 5.

N. Testd neritiformi, ovato-oblongd, varicibus magnis longitudinalibus (circd 10 in
ambitu), plus minusve elatis, et linets numerosis, transversis, regularibus, elatis decussatis ;
lineis cum striis densissimis perpendicularibus instructis.

Shell neritiform, ovately oblong; varices large, longitudinal (about 10 in a volution),
more or less elevated, decussated with numerous regular, elevated, and transverse lines ;
the lines are impressed with extremely fine and dense perpendicular striz ; the aperture
round.

A very thick ovate shel!; the varices vary much in magnitude, so that im some
specimens they are nearly obsolete, but the large encircling lines are always conspicuous ;
the dense striations upon the lines are only visible under a magnifier.

Locality. Minchinhampton Common, where it is rare; but it occurs not unfrequently
in the middle division of the Inferior Oolite.

Trocuus sprratus, D’Archiac. Plate XIII, figs. 6, 6a. Plate X, figs. 2, 2a, 24.

Trocuus sprratus, Archiac. 1843. Mém. Soc. Geol. de France, tom. v, p. 378, t. 29
fig. da—e. :
— — Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 1306.
= — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 300.

T. Testa conicd, apice acuto, anfractibus (4A—5) lateribus planis, subter medio sub-
angulatis, cingulis et lineis ornatis ; cingulis duobus, primo prope suturam approximato,
secundo majori, acuto, parte inferiore anfractuum sito ; lineis inter cingulos striis longitudi-
nalibus impressis ; basi levi subconvead, umbilico nullo.

Shell conical, apex acute, whorls 5, their sides flattened, somewhat angulated
beneath their middle portions, and encircled with bands and lines; the bands are two in
number; the first is wide, flattened, and placed close to the suture; the second is pro-
minent, acute, forming a slight angle, and placed near to the base of the whorls ; between
the bands are several rather obscure encircling lines, which are indented by longitudinal
strize ; base smooth, slightly convex ; no umbilicus.

The variation in the prominence of the bands, of the lines, and of the general state of
preservation, occasions considerable diversity in the aspect of this species, and requires

ANNELIDES. 107

several examples for its elucidation. The figures given at Plate X, figs. 2, 2a, 24, do not
exhibit the degree of angularity in the whorls and prominence in the bands which is
usually seen, and the longitudinal indentations are more than usually prominent The fine
encircling striz, although not shown in the specimen figured by M. D’Archiac, are par-
ticularly mentioned in the description of the species. The axial and basal diameters are
nearly equal.

Locality. It is tolerably abundant in the Minchinhampton district, occurring in all
shelly beds. Eparcy, France.

CLASS—ANNELIDES, Cuvier.

SERPULA OBLIQUE-sTRIATA. Plate V, fig. 19, 19a.

L. Testé vermiformi, lateribus subcompressis, striis crebris irregularibus, obliquis antice
curvatis, in cristam longitudinalem flectis.

Shell vermiform, the sides slightly compressed, with striae closely arranged, irregular,
oblique, curved towards the anterior extremity, and bent into a longitudinal ridge.

Locality. It is rare, and occurs in the planking of Minchinhampton Common. Of the
few specimens seen, none exceed an inch in length, and 2 lines in their transverse diameter.

Note on the term ‘* PLANKING.”’

It will be observed that the term “planking”’ is frequently used in stating the position and range of
fossils from Minchinhampton Common. ‘This is a name applied indifferently by quarrymen to any stone,
the beds of which divide into thin horizontal slabs or planks. At Minchinhampton Common it is understood
to indicate the uppermost of that series of shelly beds which are known as the weatherstones, or stones which
are supposed to be capable of resisting the disintegrating action of frost. At Bussage and Eastcombs the
term white stone is employed by quarrymen when speaking of this bed, which at the two latter localities
has quite changed its mineral character. It is not improbable that this white stone is the English repre-
sentative of the pierre blanche of the Great Oolite of Normandy, which has yielded to M. Deslongchamps so
numerous a series of shells.

THE MOLLUSCA

OF

THE “GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.”

CLAass—CrPpHALopopa.!

BELEMNITES GIGANTEUS, Schloth. Plate XIV, figs. 4, 4a.

BELEMNITES GIGANTEUS, Schloth. 1813. Min. Taschenb., vii, p. 70.
— — Schloth. 1820. Petref., p. 45, No. 1.
— ELLIPTICUS, Miller. 1823. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, ii, pl. 8, figs. 14—16-.

? _— — Blainville. 1827. Mem. Belemn., p. 102.
? — Giapius, Blainville. 1827. Mém. Belemn., p. 86, pl. 2, fig. 10.
2 — coMprEssts, Sow. 1828. Min. Con., t. 590, fig. 4.

— AaLENSIS, Voltz. 1830. Mem., p. 60, pl. iv, fig. 7.
a aa Zieten. 1830. Pet. Wurtemb., pl. 19, fig. 1.
— GRANDIS, Zieten. 1830. Pet. Wurtemb., pl. 20, fig. 1.
2? _— compreEssvs, Phil. 1835. Geol. of Yorksh., vol. i, pl. 9, fig. 38.
— AaLENSIS, Phil. 1835. Geol. of Yorksh., vol. i, p. 124.
— GIGANTEUS, Quenstedt. 1843. Flézg. Wurtemb., p. 329.
_— — D Orb. Ter. Jurrass., pl. 14, fig. 15.
— —_— DOrb. Prod. Paléont., p. 261.

B. Testé elongatd, compressd, crassd, acuminatd vel subinflatd, posticé acuminata,
lateraliter sulcatd, anticé dilatatd ; aperturd subovali. Alveolo angulo, 20—25°. (D’Orb.)

1 The following species of Mollusca are chiefly figured from the collection of Mr. Bean, and the
localities are given upon the authority of that gentleman. They include all the species of univalves
enumerated by Professor Phillips as occurring in the ‘‘Gray Limestone or Oolite of Cloughton, Brandsby,
and Cave’’ (‘Geol. of Yorkshire,’ vol. i, p. 123, &c.); and most of the specimens illustrated in this
Monograph appear to have been obtained from the Yorkshire coast. We have previously assigned our
reason for keeping the fossils of this locality distinct from those of the West of England, and shall merely
introduce the following general remarks by Prof. Phillips as bearing upon the subject. ‘‘ The distribution
of the organic remains in the ‘road-stone,’ or slaty rock of Brandsby, Cave Oolite, and Inferior Oolite sand,
has yet been carefully ascertained at only a few points; and the following observations will probably here-

CEPHALOPODA. 109

The guard is more or less elongated and compressed, sometimes conical and acumi-
nated towards the extremity ; at other times contracted near the apex, and enlarged rather
suddenly towards the alveolus; the furrows, with which the extremity is marked, vary in
different specimens, both in their number, depth, and size; there are generally two on the
dorsal part, one being prolonged much more than the other. The angle of the alveolar
cavity varies, according to M. D’Orbigny, from 20 to 25°, and is inclined towards the
ventral side. The aperture is generally of an oval form.

This is a very variable species, and has consequently been described under a great
variety of names. M. D’Orbigny, after carefully studying a large number of specimens
obtained from many localities, infers that the variety of form assumed by this species is
mainly to be attributed to sexual differences.

This species is generally considered to be characteristic of the Inferior Oolite in
England, Germany, and France; but we have not been enabled to detect any specific
difference between the specimens forwarded by Mr. Bean, from the Bath Oolite of
Yorkshire, under the names of B. Aa/lensis, B. compressus, and typical specimens of the
B. giganteus, obtained from the Brown Jurassic formation of Wurtemberg.

Locality. The Gray Oolite near Scarborough. Inferior Oolite of the west and south
of England.’

AMMONITES MACROCEPHALUS, Sch/oth. Plate XIV, fig. 2.

AMMONITES MACROCEPHALUS, Schloth. 1813. Min. Taschenb., vii, p. 70.
— — Schloth. 1820. Petref., p. 70, No. 16.
— _— Zieten. 1830. Pet. Wurtemberg, t. v, figs. 1, 4, 7;
t. xiv, fig. 3.
— —_ Quenstedt. 1843. Flézg. Wiirtemb., p. 363.
— — D Orb. Ter. Jurrass., p. 430, pl. 151.
— — D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 297.
7 TEREBRATUS, Phil. 1835. Geol. of Yorksh., vol. i, p. 116.

after receive several corrections. At present it appears to me that the ‘road-stone’ is characterised by the
great abundance of Gervillia acuta and Crassina minima, and by the presence of Pholadomya aeutinowere
Rostellaria composita, and the genus Acton. Where this rock is united with the Middle Oolite, as at
White Nab, these fossils commonly lie near the top; where it is entirely deficient (as at Ewe Nab), they
are scarcely to be found. The top of the Cave Oolite (as under Gristhorpe Cliffs, at Ewe Nab, Owlston,
and Ellerker) is generally marked by abundance of Millepora staminea, and plates and spines of Echini,
and columnar joints of Pentacrinus caput Meduse. In the substance of the rock oceur Belemnites, Tsocardia,
Pholadomya@, Cucullee, Perne, Pinne, Plagiostome, Pectines, and Terebratule. So large a proportion of
its organic contents occurs likewise in the Inferior Oolite sand beneath, that it is difficult to point out what
seem to be characteristic.”

1 We have had the opportunity of examining some fine specimens of this species in the collections of
Mr. Bowerbank and Mr. Baber.

15

110 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

A. Testa discoided, subinflatd ; anfractibus involutis subcompressis, rotundatis, lateribus
26—30 costatis ; costis subrotundatis, obtusis, in medio laterum bi vel trifurcatis continuis ;
aperturd semilunari, umbilico angustato.

A discoidal, somewhat inflated, shell, with rather subcompressed volutions, and a narrow
and deep umbilicus; margin of the umbilicus with 26 to 30 obtusely-rounded ribs, which
subdivide into two or three smaller ones in passing over the back; aperture semilunar,
deeply impressed by the previous volution,

Locality. Near Scarborough.

Ammonites Buacpent, Sow. Plate XIV, fig. 3a, 6.

AMMONITES BLAGDENTI, Sow. 1813. Min. Con., pl. 201.
— coronatus, Schloth. 1813. (Not Am. coronatus, Brug., 1789.)
— — Zieten. 1830. Pet. Wurtemb., t. i, fig. 1.
— BiaGpENI, Phil. 1835. Geol. of Yorksh., vol. i, ps 124.
— CORONATUS, Quenstedt. 1843. Floz. Wirtemb., p. 326.
— Biacpent, D’Orb. Ter. Jurrass., p. 396, t. 132.

A. Testdé discoided, subcylindricd, late umbilicatd ; anfractibus subdepressis, lateribus
declivibus, costatis ; costis 20—28 externé tuberculatis, subacutis ; dorso subconvexo, trans-
versim costato ; aperturd transversd, quadrangulari.

A discoidal, thick, and widely-umbilicated shell, formed of rather depressed quadran-
gular volutions, ornamented with 20 to 28 obtuse costs, terminating in spiniform tubercles
on the outer margin, and from each of which arise 3 to 5 smaller costa, which pass over
the back ; the aperture is transverse and quadrangular.

In some specimens the tubercles are sharper, differently formed, and more numerous
than in others.

In the shell figured, which measures about six inches diameter, there are 17 marginal
ribs; in another specimen from the same locality (Scarborough), about one foot in diameter,
the number is 28. The numerical proportion of these coste, however, do not always
increase or decrease with regularity during the progress of growth. ‘There are two
specimens of Am. coronatus, Zieten, in the British Museum, which are certainly identical
with our shell, in one of which the inner volution has 25, and the outer 27, marginal coste,
showing an increase; in the other specimen, the inner whorl has 21, and the outer only
17 costee, showing a decrease in their number. The specimen figured by M. D’Orbigny
has only 15 tubercular costee surrounding the umbilicus.

Locality. Near Scarborough ; Inferior Oolite, Somerset ; Bayeux, &c., France ; Brown,
‘Jura 6, Stuiffen, Wurtemberg. (Quenstedt.)

—————

GASTEROPODA. 111

Ammonites Braikenriper, Sow, Plate XIV, fig. 1.

AMMONITES TRIPTOLEMUS, Bean. MS.
? —_— BralKENRIDGII, Sow. 1813. Min. Con., t. 184.
— _ D’Orb. Ter. Jurrass., t. 135, figs. 2, 3.

A. Testa discoided, anfractibus ('—6) expositis, subrotundatis, costatis ; costis (30—36)
eaterné tuberculatis, in medio laterum bifidis, subinde trifidis, continuis ; dorso subconvexo ;
apertura transversd, subdepressd, eaterné angulatd.

A discoidal shell, with 5—6 exposed, somewhat rounded and costated volutions ; with
30—36 marginal coste, tuberculated externally, from each of which arise, about the
middle of the side, 2 and sometimes 3, rather obtuse smaller ribs, passing over the back ;
aperture wider than high, somewhat convex, with angular sides.

This Ammonite (forwarded to us with the name, 4. Zriptolemus), belonging to the
section Coronarii, appears to be intermediate to 4. Humphriesianus and A. Braikenridgii,
with the latter of which it is the more closely allied, but differmg from it by the smaller
coste (in the cast) not being wholly enveloped by the later volutions. We regard the
specimen figured as only the adult state of this species.

Locality. Near Scarborough.

CLass—GASTEROPODA.

Auaria Puruurpsit, D’Ord. sp. Plate III, fig. 5; and Plate XV, figs. 15, 15a.

? RosTELLARIA HAMUS, var. 3, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mem. Soc. Linn. de Normandie,
tom. vii, p. 174, t. 9, fig. 36.

(See description, avfea page 18.)

We have provisionally retained (page 18) M. D’Orbigny’s specific name for the
Yorkshire shell, believing that the one figured as Rostellaria composita, by Phillips, pre-
sented certain differences from that described in the ‘Min. Conch.,’ occurring in the
Oxford Clay of Weymouth. But Mr. Sowerby distinctly states that he has received the
same species from near Scarborough, so that the differences may prove, when a larger
number of specimens shall have been examined, to be due merely to variations arising
from local conditions. The Yorkshire shell appears to be identical with Rostellaria hamus,
var. 8, of M. Deslongchamps, cited above, from the Great Oolite of Ranville.

Locality. Near Scarborough. ‘This species is also found in the Inferior Oolite of
Yorkshire, and in the same formation at Dundry and Bridport.

112 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

CeritHi1umM Branu. Plate XV, fig. 5.

C. Testa pared, turritd, apice obtuso, anfractibus numerosis angustis, subplanis, 5
costatis ; costis tuberculosis, tuberculis circa 16 in ambitu; costis inequalibus ; suturis
anfractibus profundé depressis.

Shell small, turreted; apex obtuse; volutions numerous, narrow, rather flattened,
encircled with five rows of coste ; coste tuberculated, the tubercles being about 16 in a
volution ; ribs unequal; the sutures of the whorls deeply depressed.

The third and fifth row of cost are less prominent than the others, the tubercles are
large and prominent, the length of a volution is less than half its transverse diameter, the
first two volutions are nearly smooth. Length 5 lines, transverse diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Near Scarborough.

Natica appucta. Plate XV, figs. 17, 17a.

Natica appucta, Phillips. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 9. fig. 30.
— — Williamson. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. v, p. 241.
= _ D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 264.

N. Testd globosd, spird elatd, anfractibus (4) converis, superné rotundatis, suturis
depressis, anfractu ultimo obliquo ; apertura ellipticd, umbilico obtecto.

Shell globose, spire elevated and pointed, whorls (4) convex, with depressed sutures,
their upper portions rounded ; the last whorl oblique; aperture large, elliptical ; inner lip
with a covered umbilicus.

Natica grandis, Goldfuss, is our only Great Oolite species which approaches near to
this form; but that shell, though greatly expanded, has not more volutions than the present
species, a fact which militates greatly against their identity. Length 9 lines, breadth
8 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough. ‘The original specimen figured by Phillips.

Natica PuncTURA. Plate XV, figs. 18, 184.

LitTorIna PuNCTURA, Bean. 1839. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 62, fig. 23.
_— — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 149.

N. Testa ovato-ventricosd, spird elatd, acutd ; anfractibus (6) convexiusculis, suturis
profunde impressis; anfractu ultimo magno, punctato et cingulato ; punctis minutis, in

GASTEROPODA. 113

lineis transversis sed irregularibus instructis, et lineis tenuissimis longitudinalibus trans-
versisque decussatis ; apertura ovata, labro externo tenut.

Shell ovately ventricose, spire elevated and pointed, whorls (6) rather convex, with deep
sutures ; the last whorl large, oblique, its surface punctated and cingulated ; puncte minute,
disposed in close but irregular arranged transverse lines ; they are decussated by numerous
very fine lines, both longitudinal and transverse ; the entire surface of the whorl is likewise
divided into several (4 or 5) encircling zones by as many lines, which are prominent,
rendering the spaces between them rather flattened; aperture ovate, outer lip thin, inner
lip rather flattened and excavated. Axis 11 lines, transverse diameter 8 lines.

The following is Mr. Bean’s original notice of this species :

“Shell turbinated, finely striated longitudinally and transversely, which, under a high
magnifier, gives it a very beautiful appearance ; whorls (6) rounded and well divided, the
body whorl occupying one half the length of the shell. Aperture elliptical, pillar lip thick
and a little flattened, outer lip very thin; length nearly 3 inch, breadth } inch. The only
specimen procured from the Cornbrash; but in the Inferior Oolite at Peak Hill it is not
uncommon. The specimens found there are larger, coarser, and the spire is not so much
produced.”

Locality. Bath Oolite near Scarborough. In the collection of Mr. Morris.

Natica ? (rusPIRA) cincTa. Plate XV, fig. 20.

PHASIANELLA CINCTA, Phillips. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 9, fig. 29.
—_— — Williamson. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. v, p. 241.
— — DOrb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 267.

NV. Testé ovati, spird elatd, anfractibus (4) latis, superné carinatis, suturis canaliculatis ;
anfractu ultimo, bicarinato ; aperturd ampld, suborbiculari.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, whorls (4) broad, their upper portion with an obtuse
encircling carina; the sutures channelled; the last volution, with an obtuse carina,
occupying very nearly the middle of the volution ; aperture large and suborbicular.

The specimen placed at our disposal, by the kindness of Mr. Bean, is the original one
figured by Professor Phillips. It is rather compressed, which gives an appearance of
greater breadth to the shell than it possessed; the perfect form would approach our
FE. pyramidata, from which it is distinguished by the second carina, which is not less
strongly marked than the upper one. Length 15 lines, breadth (uncompressed)
103 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough.

114 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

Nerita psEupo-costata. Plate XV, figs. 3, 3a.

Nerrra costata, Phillips. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 11, fig. 32.
_ — Morris. 1843. Catalogue, p. 154.
— psgEupo-costata, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 264.

N. Testd parva, subhemisphericad ; spird parva, depressd; costis longitudinalibus,
regularibus rotundatis et lavibus.

Shell small, subhemispherical ; spire small and depressed ; ribs longitudinal, numerous,
regular, rounded, and smooth.

This shell appears to be identical with the well-known Inferior Oolite species.
Occasionally there is some little irregularity about the coste, and they are not always so
prominent as in the Yorkshire example. Size that of a moderate-sized pea.

Locality. Near Scarborough; also in the Inferior Oolite of Yorkshire. (PAzllips.)

Eviima tavieata, Plate XV, fig. 4.

E.. Testé subulato-turrita, apice acuto ; anfractibus (11) subconvexis, obsolete costatis ;
anfractu ultimo symmetrico.

Shell subulate, turreted; apex acute; whorls (11) very slightly convex, smooth, or
with slightly-marked cost ; the last whorl symmetrical.

This little shell is very subulate, the length of the whorls being nearly equal to their
transverse diameter. This character, and the degree of convexity, separates it from a shell
very abundant in the Great Oolite at Mimchmhampton, which we have described under the
title of Aulima communis. In that species the volutions are fewer, and the shell is more
pyramidal. Length 7 lines.

Locality. Neary Scarborough.

CHEMNITZzIA? veTUSTA. Plate XV, fig. 7.

TEREBRA VETUSTA, Phillips. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 9, fig. 27.
a _— Williamson. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. v, p. 241.
Cuemnitzia— D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 263.

C. Testa elongata, turritd ; anfractibus (9) subconvexis, longitudinaliter costatis ; suturis
depressis ; costis circa 12, rotundatis levigatis curvatis.

Shell turreted, volutions (9) rather convex, and longitudinally costated ; ribs, about 12
in a volution, rounded and smooth, bent from left to right; the sutures of the volutions
deeply impressed.

GASTEROPODA. 115

The figure is lengthened, almost subulate, the convexity of the volutions being but
slight ; their transverse diameter exceeds their length by about one third. Longitudinal
dimensions 5 lines, transverse diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Near Scarborough.

CERITHIUM GEMMATUM. Plate XV, fig. 6.

C. Testé parvd, turritd ; anfractibus convexiusculis, nodulis cingillatisque 5 ; nodulis
ovatis subdistantibus, circa 24 in ambitu.

_ Shell small, turreted; volutions rather convex, encircled with five rows of nodules ;
nodules ovate, about 24 im a volution; the rows of nodules are slightly curved, and the
last volution has from 7 to 9 rows.

The little nodules are regular, oval, their longer diameter bemg im the axis of the shell,
and they are distant from each other about their own diameter; the number of volutions
are but few, apparently not more than 7. Length 7 lines, transverse diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough.

Cuemnitzia ? ScarBurcensis. Plate XV, fig. 8.

C. Testd magna, pyramidato-turritd, levi ; anfractibus subplanis ad suturas subplicatis,
aut vittd latiusculd transversd, plus minusve converd notatis; aperturd ovatd, superneé
strictissimd ; columella marginatd, supra subcallosd. ?

Shell large, pyramidal, turreted, smooth; whorls nearly flat, but with one fold near to
their sutures, or with a broad transverse band more or less convex ; aperture ovate, very
narrow above ; columella marginated, thickened above.

The upper border of the whorls is slightly turned, their junctions are strongly defined.
The longitudinal diameter of the penultimate whorl is 7 lines, the transverse diameter
10 lines.

Locality. The specimen forwarded to us by Mr. Bean is from the dark-gray shale of
the Great Oolite near Scarborough. It is only a cast, and much compressed, so that the
specific character cannot be sufficiently determined.

Trocuus Leckensi. Plate XV, figs. 21, 21a.

7. Testd conico-depressd, anfractibus (A—5) planis, costulis rotundatis crebris cinetis ;

116 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

costulis transverse dense-striatis ; basi subconverd dense costulatdé et concentricé striatd ;
umbilico nullo.

Shell conical, but depressed ; whorls (4—5) flattened, encircled with closely-arranged,
nearly equal rounded ribs; the ribs are densely striated longitudinally ; the base is rather
convex, having very closely-arranged costa, crossed by concentric striz ; no umbilicus.

The junctions of the whorls are rather obscurely marked, and the lower margin of the
last whorl is angulated. The little ribs upon the base are very delicate and fine; the outer
lip is imperfect, and does not enable us to describe the aperture; but there is nothing
visible upon the surface of the whorls which would indicate that it belongs to Pleurotomaria.
The height is two thirds of the basal diameter.

Locality. Scarborough. In Mr. Leckenby’s cabinet.

Trocuvus monititectus, Phil. Plate XV, figs. 1, 1a.

Trocuus MONILITECTUS, PAil. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 9, fig. 33.
—_ os D’Orb. Prod. Paléont., p. 265.

T. Testd conicd, anfractibus (8) planis, suturis obscuris 4—5 costatis ; costis crebris
oblique crenulatis.

Shell conical, volutions (8) flattened, with indistinct sutures, and encircled with 4—5
rows of coste; the costz are closely arranged, and crenated obliquely.

The costa are large, the crenations closely arranged, and pass obliquely from left to
right. Length 43 les, basal diameter 33 lines.

Locality. Near Scarborough. The original specimen figured by Phillips.

Turso ELABoRATUS, Bean. Plate XV, fig. 2, 2a; and Plate IX, figs. 27, var.
9 ? to) fo)

TuRBO ELABORATUs, Lycett. 1850. An. Nat. Hist., vol. vi, p. 416, pl. 11, fig. 1.

T. Testa subturritd, apice acuto, anfractibus (4) subconvewis, superne planis, inferne
costulis longitudinalibus numerosis, aliis transversis decussantibus ; anfractu ultimo ventricoso
obliquo, apertura ovata.

Shell turreted, apex acute, whorls (4) convex, their upper borders flattened horizontally,
their sides and lower portions, with numerous longitudinal ribs, transversely decussated
by others ; last whorl oblique ; aperture entire, ovate.

The longitudinal ribs are rendered nodulous by those which are transverse ; the latter
are 4 or 5 in number; the last volution has numerous encircling ribs, but the longitudinal
ones do not extend beyond the middle of the volution; and when more than four whorls
have been completed, the last whorl is destitute of longitudinal ribs, but in lieu of them are

GASTEROPODA. Wy

very fine densely-arranged longitudinal lines. The latter features are not exhibited by the
specimen from Scarborough ; but one, of more advanced growth, from the Inferior Oolite
near Minchinhampton, is much larger and more satisfactory. The upper portions of the
whorls are flattened, smooth, and even a little sulcated ; the imner lip is thin; the base is
rounded, so that it neither exhibits the thickened lip of Zittorina, nor the basal produced
form of Zurbo. Length of the Scarborough specimen 5 lines, transverse diameter of the
last whorl 4 lines.
Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough.

Turzo Puituirsi. Plate XV, figs. 12, 12a, 6.

T. Testaé trochiformi, cingillatdque costatd ; costis striato-nodulosis ; striis indentis ;
strits longitudinalibus numerosissimis ; anfractibus planis ; aperturd subrotundd, basi effusd,
vel productiori.

Shell trochiform, encircled with numerous ribs; ribs striated and nodulous; striz
longitudinal, very numerous, mdenting the ribs; volutions flattened; aperture rounded ;
its base effuse, or produced anteriorly.

Two ribs, more prominent than the rest occupy the middle of the last whorl, and give
it rather an angulated figure; the pointed extremity of the base removes it from the
Littoring. Longer diameter 9 lines, transverse diameter 7 lines.

Named in compliment to the author of the ‘Geology of Yorkshire.’

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough.

PHASIANELLA LATIUSCULA. Plate XV, fig. 16.

P. Testé ovata, spird acuta, elatd ; anfractibus (6) latis,. convexiusculis ; anfractu
ultimo subventricoso.

Shell ovate, spire acute, elevated; whorls (6) broad, convex, the last whorl rather
inflated.

This may be considered as a form connecting our P. elegans and P. tumidula; the
spire is much more elevated than in the latter species, and the whorls are wider than in the
former. ‘These remarks, however, are made with the reservation which must be exercised
in describing casts, for the specimen figured is in that condition. The length is 1 inch,
the transverse diameter 7 Ines.

Locality. Near Scarborough.

16

118 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

PHaSIANELLA stRIATA, Sow. Plate XV, fig. 19.

MELANIA STRIATA, Sow. 1814. Min. Con., tab. 47.

PHASIANELLA sTRIATA, Sow. Min. Con., 1834. Index, p. 5.

TEREBRA — Lonsdale. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. iii, p. 275.
== — Morris. 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 163.

MELANIA — Roemer. 1836. Nordd. Oolith., p. 158, t. 10, fig. 1.
= — Goldf. 1844. Petref., p. 112, t. 198, fig. 12.

PHASIANELLA — D Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 333.

P. Testé turrité, ventricosd ; anfractibus (7) subconvexis et striatis ; striis (15) trans-
versis ; basi profunde striata ; apertura depressd, suborbiculari ; columelld excavatd.

Shell turreted, ventricose ; whorls (7) somewhat convex and striated; striz but faintly
impressed, and about 15 in number upon each whorl; the base deeply striated; aperture
depressed, nearly circular ; columella excavated.

The figure is subpyramidal, the length of the whorls being rather more than half their
transverse diameter ; the sutures of the whorls are deeply marked, the base of the last
whorl is deeply grooved ; the base of the aperture is very wide, and the transverse diameter
of the aperture is nearly equal to the longitudinal. The length of the entire shell is about
3 inches, the transverse diameter through the last whorl is 21 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough. In the middle and west of England this
species occurs in the upper beds of the Inferior Oolite and Coral Rag.

Actrmon, Montfort. 1810.

TORNATELLA, Lam.

Shell ovate, volutions few, transversely striated; spire obtuse; aperture narrow,
lengthened, entire ; columella spirally thickened at its junction with the inner lip; outer lip

thin, smooth.

Acrxon Srpevici, Phil. sp. Plate XV, figs. 9, 9a.

Auricuta Sepevict, Phil. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 11, fig. 33.
— — Williamson. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. v, p. 241.
—_ _ Bronn. 1848. Index Paleont., p. 136,

ACTEON - D’ Orb. 1850. Prod. Paleont., p. 263.

A. Testé parva, ellipticd, transversim striato punctatd ; striis crebris, punctis impressis ;
spird subconica, gradata ; anfractibus subplanis, ultimo inflatu ; apertura elongato- ellipticd,

angustata,

GASTEROPODA. 119

Shell small, elliptical, transversely striated, the strize numerous and punctated ; the spire
conical, step-like; the whorls rather convex, the last inflated; the aperture is an elongated
ellipse, narrow above and beneath.

The Yorkshire specimen, placed at our disposal by Mr. Bean, is much compressed
and imperfect, and has the spire somewhat less elevated than the followimg species, which
resembles one figured by M. Deslongchamps from the Inferior Oolite of Les Moutiers,
near Bayeux. The species has not been found in the middle or west of England.
Longitudinal diameter 5 lines, transverse 3 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough.

Actmon puLius. Plate XV, fig. 11.

? ToRNATELLA PULLA, Koch. 1837. Nordd. Oolith., p. 33, t. 2, fig. 11.
2? — PULCHELLA, Deslongchamps. 1848. Mém. Soe. Linn. de Normandie, viii,
pl. 18, figs. 4a, 4 6. (striis remotis.)

A. Testa ovata, spird elatd, subacutd ; anfractibus (6) convexiusculis, striis transversis
numerosis regularibus et punctatis ; anfractu ultimo subcylindrico ; aperturd ovata.

Shell ovate, spire elevated, somewhat acute; whorls (6) convex, the last whorl sub-
cylindrical; aperture ovate; the surface with numerous regular punctated encircling strie.

As compared with 4. Sedgvici, of which it may prove to be only a variety, this is much
more elongated, the length of the aperture but very slightly exceeding half of the entire
length of the shell; the volutions are convex, and of moderate breadth; the base is
rounded, but narrow. Length 33 lines, transverse diameter 2 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite of Scarborough. It has not been found in the middle or west
of England.

Actmontna, D’ Orbigny.

AcTHONINA GIcaNTEA, Des/. sp. Plate XV, fig. 13.
TORNATELLA GIGANTEA, Deslongchamps. 1842. Mém. Soc. Lin. de Normandie, vol. vii,
pl. 10, figs. 27, 28.
Actronina Drestonccuampsil, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 299.

A. Testd ovato-turritd, spird elatd, apice acuto ; anfractibus subplanis, superné rotun-
datis ; apertura angusta, basi dilatatd ; columellé ad basin marginatda.

Shell ovate, turreted ; spire elevated, acute; whorls rather flattened at their sides, but
rounded above; aperture narrow above, dilated below ; columella marginated at its base.

The specimen forwarded to us from Yorkshire is only a cast, but there is no doubt of

120 MOLLUSCA OF THE GREAT OOLITE OF YORKSHIRE.

its identity with the Normandy species, which is from the Great Oolite of Ranville. It
likewise occurs in the upper beds of the Inferior Oolite near Minchinhampton. Length
21 lines, breadth 10 lines; the aperture is about three fifths of the entire length of
the shell.

Locality. Bath Oolite near Scarborough.

ACTHONINA GLABRA, Pdi. sp. Plate XV, fig. 10.

ACTEON GLABER, Phil. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, t. 9, fig. 31.

— — Williamson. Geol. Trans., 2d Series, vol. v, p. 241.
UrricuLus — Brown. Il. Foss. Con., p. 101, t. 47, fig. 30.
ACTEONINA GLABRA, D’Orb. 1850. Prod. Paléont., p. 264.

A. Testa subcylindrica, apice obtuso, spird parva ; anfractibus (5) angustis, subconvexis ;
anfractu ultimo cylindrico ; apertura angustd, basi effusd.

Shell subcylindrical, apex obtuse, spire small, whorls (5) narrow, rather convex ; last
volution cylindrical; aperture rounded, and expanded beneath.

The spire is very blunt and depressed, the volutions being very narrow, and without the
slightest angularity. Length 8 lines, transverse diameter 4 lines.

Locality. Great Oolite near Scarborough. In Gloucestershire it is only found in the
Inferior Oolite.

ACTE£ONINA TUMIDULA. Plate XV, fig. 14.

A. Testé parvd, spird exsertiusculd ; anfractibus angustis, rotundatis, suturis depressis ;
anfractu ultimo subcylindrico ; apertura elongato-ovatd.

Shell small, spire depressed, volutions very narrow, rounded, their sutures deeply
depressed ; the last whorl gibbous ; aperture an elongated oval.

This species is shorter than any other of the genus with which we are acquainted. The
figure of the last whorl is only moderately cylindrical ; and the transverse diameter of this
portion is not much less than the entire length of the shell. Length 43 lines, transverse
diameter 33 lines.

Locality. Near Scarborough.

ANNELLIDA.

VermicuLaria Novus, Phil. Plate XIV, figs. 8a, 6.
VERMICULARIA NoDUS, Phil. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, p. 124, t. 9, fig. 34.
V. Testa levi, in spiram turbinatem convolutd, anfractibus (3) convexiusculis ; anfractu

ultimo ad basin conveao, et lined obsoletd submesd cincto.
Shell smooth, forming an obtuse turbinated spire, with three volutions, which are

GASTEROPODA. 121

rather convex ; the last whorl rounded towards the base, with an obscure encircling line
placed a little beneath the middle of the whorl; aperture not exposed.
Locality. Scarborough, Westow, and Whitwell; also in the Cornbrash. (PZillips.)

SERPULA PLICATILIS, Goldf. Plate XIV, figs. 5a, 4, ¢.

SERPULA PLICATILIS, Goldfuss. 1833. Petref., p. 229, t. 68, fig. 2.

S. Testa laxd vel curvatd, lateribus subconvewis, leviusculis, costulis arcuatis per paria
approximatis ; carind continud rectd. (Goldf.)

Shell loose or unwound, irregularly curved, slender, rather convex, smooth; the sides
have little, obscure, closely-arranged, curved coste, not visible upon the majority of
specimens ; the dorsal carma is simple, continuous, but not much elevated or conspicuous.

This minute species was gregareous, a considerable number being clustered upon a
small Pecten.

Locality. Scarborough.

SERPULA stLcaTa, Sow. Plate XIV, fig. 6.

SERPULA suLCATA, Sow. 1829. Min. Con., t. 608, figs. 1, 2.

S. Testa sublavd aut curvatd, levi, subcarinatd ; carind dorsali levigatd ; sulcisque
angustis carine approwimatis ; lateribus subplanis.

Shell partially unrolled, curved, smooth; dorsal carina smooth, with a narrow sulcus
on each side of it ; sides of the shell rather flattened ; lines of growth visible upon different
portions of the surface.

The mode of growth in this species appears to have been very irregular. In its young
state it was flattened at the sides, but subsequently became much more rounded ; and the
figure of the aperture is nearly orbicular.

Locality. Scarborough. Inferior Oolite near Stroud.

SERPULA INTESTINALIS, Phil. Plate XIV, fig. 7.

SERPULA INTESTINALIS, Phil. 1835. Geol. of York., vol. i, p. 110, t. 5, fig. 21.

S. Testa sublaxd, levi, compressiusculd, sulco leviter depresso, superne et inferne sitd.

Shell smooth, partially unrolled, somewhat compressed above and beneath with a slight
longitudinal sulcus in the middle of the two flattened sides.

This species is destitute of a carina, nor are any lines of growth visible; the sulcations
are only to be seen upon the unrolled portion of the shell.

Locality. Bath Oolite, Scarborough ; also in Oxford Clay and Cornbrash, (PAzlips.)

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LIST OF

AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK.

>

Arcuiac, V. p’. 1843. Description Géologique du Département de |’Aisne. Mem. Soc. Geol. France,
tome v. 4to, Paris.
BLAINVILLE, D. pr. 1827. Mémoire sur les Belemnites. 4to, Paris.
Bronn, H. G. 1836. Uebersicht und Abbildungen der bis jetz bekannten Nerinea-arten, Neues Jahrbuch,
1836, p. 544.
— 1835—38. Lethea Geognostica. 2 vols. 8vo, and Atlas 4to, Stuttgard.
— 1849. Index Paleontologicus. 3 vols. 8vo, Stuttgard.
Brown, Capt. T. 1834—49. [Illustrations of the Fossil Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland.
4to, London.
Buvienrer, M. A. 1843. Sur quelques Fossiles nouveaux, &c. Mem. Soc. Philomath., Verdun.
2 vols. Svo.
ConyBEARE and Puruirs. 1816. Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales. 8vo, London.
Desuaygs, G, P. 1835—45. Lamarck’s Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vertebres. 3d Edition.
_ 1840—50. Traité Elémentaire de Conchyliologie, &c. 8vo, Paris.
Destonecuames, E, 1842—48. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie. Vols. 7 and 8,
4to, Caen,
De Haan. 1825. Monographie Ammoniteorum et Goniatiteorum Specimen, &c. 4to, Leyden.
D’Orpieny, ALcIDE. 1848—50. Paléontologie Francaise, Terrains Jurassiques. 8vo.
a 1850. Prodrome de Paléontologie Stratigraphique. Ist vol., 8vo, Paris.
Fitton, Dr. W. H. On the Stonesfield Slate. Zool. Journal, vol. i.
FLeminG, Rey. Dr. J. 1828. History of British Animals. 8vo, Edinburgh.
Goxpruss, A. 1826—44. Petrefacta Germanic. 3 vols. fol., Dusseldorf.
Ispetson and Morris. 1847. Notice of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Stamford and Peterborough.
Report Brit. Association. S8yo, London.
Kocu and Dunker. 1837. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Norddeutschen Oolithgebildes und dessen Versteine-
rungen. 4to, Brunswick.
Luwyp, E. 1760. Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia. 8vo, Oxford.
Lonspatz, W. 1832. On the Oolitic District of Bath. Trans. Geol. Soc. London. Vol. ii, pt. 2.
Lycett, J. 1848. On the Fossil Conchology of the Oolitic Formations in the vicinity of Minchinhampton,
Gloucestershire. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d Series, vol. ii, p. 248.
_ 1847. On the Mineral Character and Fossil Mollusca of the Great Oolite. Geol. Proc., 1847,
p. 181.

124 AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK.

Marcou, J. 1848.
vol. iii.

Morris and Lycerr. 1850. On Pachyrisma. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. vi, p. 399.

Puituirs, J. 1835. Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part I, 4to, London.

Quenstept, F. A. 1843. 8yo, Tubingen.

Reinecke, C.M. 1818. Maris protogaei Nautilos et Argonautas, vulgo Cornua Ammonis, in agro Coburgico
et vicino reperiundos descripsit et delineavit, &c. Dr. J.C. M. Rernecke, cum Tabulis XIII,
col. Coburgi, 8yo.

Roemer, F. A. 1836. Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Oolithengebirges.

Scutotuetm, E. F. 1813. Mineral Taschenbuch. 8vo, Frankfurt.

1820—22. Die Petrefaktenkunde. 2 vols. 8vo, Gotha.

Sowersy, G. B. 1823. Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.

Sowersy, James, and J. pe C., 1812—29. Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. 6 vols. 8vo, London.

SrrickLanp and Buckman. 1845. Murchison’s Geology of Cheltenham. 2d Edition, 8vo, London.

Vorrz, P. L. 1830. Observations sur les Belemnites. 4to, Paris.

1836. Ueber das Fossile genus Nerinea. Neues Jahrbuch, 1836, p. 538.

Wixttamson, W. C. 1837. On the Distribution of Fossil Remains on the Yorkshire Coast, from the
Lower Lias to the Bath Oolite inclusive. Trans. Geol. Soc. London. 2d Series, vol. v, pt. 1.

Youne, G. and Brrp, J. 1828. A Geological Survey of the Yorkshire Coast. 2d Edition, 4to. Whitby.

Folio, Stuttgardt.

Recherches Géologiques sur le Jura Salinois. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 2% Série,

Das Flozgebirge Wiirtembergs.

4to, Hanover.

8yo.

P Die Versteinerungen Wiirtembergs.
ZIETEN, C. H. 1830—34. { . ‘ 8.
Les Petrefactions de Wiirtemburg.

CORRIGENDA.

Page 1. Line 18, for Hailsworth read Nailsworth. Page 49. Chemnitzia Lonsdalii, Plate VII, read Plate VII.
» 2. In foot-note, line 6, for Nuns read- Nunnery. » 62. Trochus squamiger, Plate X, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, read
» 93. Line 26, after Gresslya, erase the word or, and Plate 1X, figs. 34, 34a.
place a,. » 86. Line 26, for with, read fo.

= 4. Line 33, for Pterocera read Alaria. » 96. Line 24, for Loliolum read doliolum.

Aa 8 and 9. The two Belemnites occur also at Minchin- » 99. Line 8, after “remaining species,” read to the
hampton. species of section B.

16. To the last line add, wing simple, undivided.

INDEX

OF

SPECIES RETAINED IN THIS WORK.

[I. 0., or C-b., affixed, shows that the species also occurs in the Inferior Oolite, or Cornbrash. |

Page Plate
ACTHONINA
bulinoides Es eats sig sly
oliveeformis NOSIS). LA.
? parvula HOA Deities tls, Willa; 12:
ALARIA
armata 16h. ois, las
atractoides NOs cis se Aer
cirrus QR erominlios oe
hamulus WG OB iinl bh
hamus MOG ody CAs
hexagona 19 es 3514: 8
leevigata LH vivoe trast oGs
pagoda US ospti Osmo; fete
paradoxa 20H. Stl 9s LOS srt ot
a (var.)) 20). . 3, f. 9a.
parvula 22 sid ts Le, band.
Phillipsii USieneposhe ds ten LO.
trifida QM. 35 fu lilba;ey¢.) Cb.
AMMONITES
arbustigerus V2 a eet 45 4a:
gracilis 2S MOS leet 3,1 @s. Loy ba os, @.
macrocephalus aoe A Beeb
subcontractus Miles plerkals, la.
3 Jun. £..2, 2e.
Waterhousei Sine ate 4a. LO!
BELEMNITES
Bessinus Silat Ds ze
fusiformis Siar taOsres
BRACHYTREMA
Buvignieri 24..5, £.4.
turbiniformis 25 cee 95. b.0D5 ae
BULLA
doliolum 96); Sat. 16505, 6.
undulata 96..8, f.8, a.

CrERITELLA
acuta
conica
gibbosa
longiscata
mitralis
planata
Sowerbii
rissoides
unilineata
CrERITHIUM
limeeforme
pentagonum
Roissii
sexcostatum
strangulatum
quadricinctum
Tennantii
CHEMNITZIA
Hamptonensis
Leckenbyi
Lonsdalei
phasianoides
simplex
Wetherellii
variabilis
CYLINDRITES
acutus
altus
angulatus
brevis
bullatus
cuspidatus
cylindricus
excayvatus

17

Page Plate
SH a On tolissiGse kaos
39's D5 ts 10S a5.6;c:
et) ono intelli
AO: .9,-£.14.
SO Osteo
38... 5, £. 14, 14a.
Biehig ye ley
AQ Qs tad,
38. = Dy talois) lost Se
D0 Ne 2 Fated.
30... 9, £. 22.
Blk 5 45 ks Asa
SOP ais taro sn de
31... 9, £..22.
29)..92795 £58.
SZ Dyes 22:
GON ee aplolsy a
DOA
49)... Ff 13, a
Oe ater Oyptarae
AQt re Agta Ds
DOr his sas
OY SS 8ak: 7, G0
D856 Osi de 95) Os
99). 2-85 £5 12) a5b:
O99 ra Sieh. Ll ates
0} oats sy ee Ie
102) 5.8; \f: 18) ay Oe
98... 8, f.10, a.
100. . 8, f. 19, a, B, e.
100. 285 £.. 17, (a; b;ve:

126

Page

CYLINDRITES (continued).

pyriformis

Thorenti

DELPHINULA
alta

Buckmani

coronata

102.
WWI s 6

ST Sa

ee

INDEX.

Plate

Bs un dish Oh oh Os

Site 22a Osice

6 Hb eallle
55 fis isk
One

9, f. 26.

(Sub-genus) CrossosToMa.

? discoideum
? heliciforme

Prattii

DESLONGCHAMPSIA

Eugenei

EMARGINULA
scalaris

EULIMA

communis

pygmea

subglobosa

vagans

EvspiIra

canaliculata

coronata

pyramidata

Sharpei

subcanaliculata

FIsSURELLA
acuta

Fusus
coronatus

multicostatus
subnodulosus.

Monoponta
decussata
formosa
imbricata
Labadyei
Lyellii

NaATIca
ambigua
formosa
globosa
grandis

intermedia

Michelini
neritoidea

(ero a Mila sin7s C145
Terao lle rdicls 10).
Hg 9 WU, Ge UXO)
lS GPAs ey (7
88). Oy t. 45 asc.) LO:
NS OU tiga C#

ZN eyg oth tolls

AQ Ost. 16:
48... 9, £.3,4.

Adve late 20512.) LO:
AGy-7-105,1.195
46. .16; £185 a:

A Given lento.
AGcanOstulios

85... 8, f.5, a—c.

OEY sg ih Han
OBS 4 GABOR Ce

OB oi tin ly CP
GSrornllaet9 sta:

68 .. 11, f. 6, a, 3b.
G7eeeel eons

G8ieeenl li, fads Varta lils. as
6/26 Lilgts4sas6. LO:
AAT nO; tin De

ADT relOs tele

AS neOsh. La.

WB Us OE

AT a6, fed: ca:

AA 6; fad, LAs tiosoas

. 6, f. 4.

Page Plate
Natica (continued).
Stricklandi AVN oy Wl S775 7
Tancredi ADP Osmtanlile
Verneuili Ady. 165, 1-\05\as) toy7ais
NAUTILUS
Baberi TOM lyianls a.
dispansus Qin ee2,obsD5:@.
subtruncatus MS 6 nt PA CE
NERINEA
Dufrenoyi 34..7, f.8, a—e.
Eudesii BB oo Maia US sey iIl0),
funiculus BOie a Zaitelos sO
punctata Sdueel ds) ball Osan wes
Stricklandi Sg 6 abo)
Voltzii 2) oy My tell @s) Versteayaiae
and 13, f. 11.
Nerira
cancellata Bog 9 labels (7
costulata D7 1018s be 05 A050:
11 £.91'8; "450.0 LO:
rugosa Oey liliy teilisgnees
(Sub-genus) Nermpomus.
hemispheerica FSieeepl lente Gy sete aerae
minuta 5S eve lle te LON eOE

(Sub-genus) NERiropsis.
OM) 3c
5, While ti LO),
106..

striata
sulcosa
varicosa

PaGopus

59.

sub-genus AMBERLEYA.

nodosa

PATELLA
arachnoidea
Aubentonensis
cingulata
inornata
nana
Roemeri
rugosa
paradoxa
striatula
suleata
suprajurensis

PHASIANELLA
acutiuscula
conica

55.

Me eaeh oe

11, f. 20, a;
Bento eeleO:

Osteo Oe Oe

§ PRS OS

BP iS Ca Us Oph
12, fA aoe:

. 126 tl, a To!
ol 2st OSnees

ould eta Os anos

wre 25 fl) a—gae Oy
LO to tanoe

oe LD ke Os Gms
pa Gh 0h 3
UD TRO as

pli tie sh Ge
ota SOia.

INDEX. 127
Page Plate Page Plate
PHASIANELLA (continued). TrocHoroMa (continued).
elegans Hehion o Wily Pyipce extensa 83... 10, f. 19a, 6
nuciformis TAD. B65 Wile 3h PAG obtusa Brgy WOK i Mar
Leymeriei Te a Wile Bs Ch Ss tabulata Soi LO lea
parvula 7) Bo Wile tis PAD eras TRocHUS
tumidula Ove s Lilt zoe anceus 63 lOwtagaa:
PILEOLUS Bunburii 63h. LOS tale
leevis (0) Goth tt Os Ch Os) (1X0). Dunkeri (Hl 55 1O), fe, St ce
plicatus 60s Guta cOsasoscs 1.0: Ibbetsoni 62..10, f. 4, a.
PLEUROTOMARTA obsoletus FG outllily 3m 1S
clathrata TY 510 UO) tis OG pileolus 63.) 5 LOSE, onan
composita SO lON falas: plicatus 61 10S £85 a:
discoidea 719) 5« LO; 45) 125 squamiger PFS ons C4 cap IIB h A Fo
obesa 7S SalOsoe Mule spiratus 106. . 10}f. 25 a; O:;) and
pagodus Tift Osten). 135) t. 65,a%
scalaris Wi ne LOS te 14: TuRBO
PTEROCERAS capitaneus Ns ethasesy cS UO}
Bentleyi U5 Ont owas Vary te ls elaboratus (US oon, 7/5 IO).
ignobilis V4 eno, te VAS Gomondei (XP og Mil, se Ae
Wright NOS pb RI Ue Hamptonensis 64..9, f. 30, a, 6. 1.0.
PURPUROIDEA obtusus 66i2. Milset. OS arllOivas
glabra 28 45 fat D5 2 5 te 05 ae pygmeeus iy ayo PANS ee
Moreausia Diners Agra loner) tan Dens aA: Sharpei Cdr 7 Oot. 285 (a
nodulata O85 ts Inds fe 2.0, 45 | UMBRELLA
RIMvLA (Cor. O. Hamptonensis 95. . 12, f. 12, a.
Blotii 87... Sh fasvanosic., 1.0)
clathrata S6r. Sita aes IO;
tricarinata 86..8, f. 2, a—e. I.0.
RIssOINA
acuta Dole e) Oyster O eeltoents O =
cancellata Doers Oa taplcanas YORKSHIRE SHELLS.
duplicata OQie< Geeks MO:
levis 54..9,f.16.. 1.0. pseu Oy
ebliquats 52... 9 19: 1.0: pullus He) oulon Hole
tricarinata DSi. en9s tales Sedgvici 118 15, f. 9.
SERPULA ACTHONINA
oblique-striata 107.. 5, f. 19, a | gigantea 119..15, f. 13, 1.0.
SoLARIUM | glabra 120) seeds te Le O:
disculum 70... 9, f. 25, a, d. tumidula 1200. L554. 14:
polygonium 69... 9, £24458. | ALARIA
varicosum 69..9, f. 23, a, b Phillipsii ila eala tee, 10)
STOMATIA | AMMONITES
Buvignieri Sor Onin gona Blagdeni WO. U4 fuses 0:
TROCHOTOMA Braikenridgii 1D nl, flee Os
acuminata 82... 10, f. 18a, 20. macrocephalus 109. . 14, f. 2.
conuloides SQr lO fesl62 BELEMNITES
discoidea SA oO Os avoees giganteus LOS. 145 £457 1:0:

128
Page
CERITHIUM
Beanii
gemmatum
CHEMNITZIA
Scarburgensis

115.

vetusta
EvLIMA
leevigata
Natica
adducta
cincta

114.

punctura
NERITA
pseudocostata

ACTON
acutus
cuspidatus
glaber
ACTEHONINA
Deslongchampsia
Eparcyensis
oliveeformis
AMMONITES
arbustigerus
Blagdeni
Braikenridgii
coronatus
discus
gracilis
macrocephalus .
terebratus
Triptolemus
AURICULA
Sedgyici
BELEMNITES
Aalensis
Bessinus

Bec

ING} Ges
1b Shan

112.
IBIS 6
IN 5

We a

INDEX.

C-b., 1.0.

Page

PHASIANELLA

latiuscula Wife

striata WI fStee
SERPULA

intestinalis a2 S.

plicatilis 121.

suleata PAWS 6
TrocHus

Leckenbyi VS rege

monilitectus 165:
TuRBO

elaboratus Gira.
VERMICULARIA

nodus L205

INDEX OF

SYNONYMS.

Page |

BELEMNITES (continued.)
canaliculatus
compressus
ellipticus
fleuriausus
fusiformis
giganteus
gladius
grandis

Buccinum
parvulum
unilineatum

BuLia

elongata
oliveeformis
Thorentea
undulata
Cassis
Eparcyensis
CERITHIUM
Blainvilli
Defrancii
Dufrenoyi

Plate

SiS NG

155 f. 195 0.0%

14, f. 7.

pel AvitaDs gatas

14, f. 6.

U5 sete itena
1b f iaa.

Ne 1 Ye

14, f. 8, a, 6.

1.0.

1.0.

CERITHIUM (continued).
limeeforme
pentagonum
strangulatum

quadricinctum .

CHEMNITZIA
Roissii
vetusta
DELPHINULA
coronata
stellata
DITREMARIA
acuminata
conuloides
EMARGINULA
Blotii
clathrata
Goldfussii
scalaris
tricarinata
EvoMPHALUS
coronatus
FISSURELLA
acuta
Fusus
nodulosus
subnodulosus

HELCION

Aubentonensis .

cingulata
nana
rugosa
suleata

LI? TORINA
punctura
MELANIA
striata
Monoponta
leevigata
Lyellii
Murex
nodulatus
tuberosus
NatTIca
adducta
globosa

INDEX. 129

Page

30
30
31
29

32

. 114

Page
Nartca (continued).
grandis 2 i op 4a
Michelini : ; . 44
Verneuili : : » 26
NERIN £A
cylindrica ; j ROG
Defrancii : , > 03
funiculosa : : 5 att
punctata : : . 39
Voltzii ; j > Oe
NERITA
costata 5 5 . 114
costulata : : 5 tiy/
hemispheerica . : 5 6G
mais . ; : 5 wits!
minuta : ; 7 OS
ovata ; F . 58
= pseudocostata . . eel 4)
pulla 3 A 2 08
sulcosa . : a) Be)
NERITOPSIS
sulcosa : 5 5
varicosa : : 7 106
PATELLA
ancyloides : é . 89
Aubentonensis . 5 5)
cingulata s : . 88
costatula ; ; . 60
mamillaris ‘ A . 60
nana 5 6 . 93
papyracea : - . 60
rugosa : : yee Ol
suleata ‘ : 90
suprajurensis . . - 92
Tessonii : : . 89
PATELLARIA
sima . F ; a (il
PHASIANELLA
cincta : : oil:
Leymeriei : : . 74
striata ; 6 mls
PILEOLUS
leevis 5 ; . 60
plicatus 5 é . 60
PLEUROTOMA
longiscata ° . - 40
rissoides : é 40

130

PLEUROTOMARIA
clathrata
obesa
pagodus
scalaris

PURPURA
Lapierrea
Moreausia

PURPURINA
Moreausia
unilineata

PTEROCERAS
atractoides
cirrus
hamulus
hamus
paradoxa
Phillipsii

RIMULA
acuta
clathrata

RIssoa
acuta
duplicata
leevis
obliquata

RIssoINna
acuta
duplicata
obliquata

RosTELLARIA
bicarinata
bispinosa
cirrus
composita
hamulus
hamus
trifida

SERPULA
intestinalis

INDEX.

Page

SERPULA (continued).

oblique-striata .

plicatilis
suleata
S1pHo
clathrata
SoLaRIUM
coronatum
polygonum
TEREBRA
nodosa
striata
vetusta
ToORNATELLA
cuspidata
gigantea
pulchella
pulla
TROCHOTOMA
acuminata
conuloides
Trocuts
anceus
discoideus
Labadyei
monilitectus
obsoletus
plicatus
spiratus
TURBO
capitaneus
Deslongchampsi
elaboratus
Labadyei
Lyellii
obtusus
subobtusus
TURRITELLA
Roissii
UrricuLus
glaber

- 118
. 114

=) dno
= aS)
. 119

Page

= 107,
- 121
. 121

86

70
69

95

98

120

: . re a
yay Tinie Ab! Ay rays AM chat a ;

TA. cc

SHY Bape OD. ce eet he

Beals doer
if Tue S] tH Peay’ fb | oe ety fil Hints: e

| % S

Wee ie LO) ak USED Na, TTT, ool

PLATE I.

1. Nautilus Baberi, y. 10, side view.

la. — — front view.

2. Nautilus subtruncatus, py. 10, side view.

2a. _ — front view.

3. Ammonites gracilis, y.12, young; and p. 105, Plate XII, figs. 2, 2a, adult.
4. Ammonites Waterhousei, p. 13, side view.

Aa. a — front view.

5. Belemnites Bessinus, p. 8.

ie _ — showing the phragmacone.

6, 8. Belemnites fusiformis, p. 8.

WHBaily

Ya Now: Sine:

peur prey

frinted by Hullmandel & Walton

PLATE II.
Fig.
1. Ammonites subcontractus, py. 11, side view.
la. _ — front view.
2,24. — _- young of.
3. Ammonites macrocephalus, var., p. 12, side view.

3a. ~~ — front view.
4. Ammonites arbustigerus, p. 12, side view.

Aa. a — front view.

5. Nautilus dispansus, p. 9, side view.

Da. —_ = front view.

jullmandel & Walton

Bone

nit etrgtas} pul

fou
: Pash aren 40) PANG — =
M :
fi di LL a —
| MiGgak 5l b>: :
/ \ My > ry -
Neath “Mat OLEm Len Pt h

H Ped ar
a P ' e

x
£ *

PLATE III.
Fig.
1, la, c. Alaria armata, p. 16, back view.

16. — — front view; d, portion magnified.
OF Alaria hamus, p. 16.

2a. —- — portion magnified.

26. — = front view.

3, 3a. Alaria levigata, p. 17.
4,46. Alaria hamulus, py. 17, back view.

Aa. = — specimen magnified.

5. Alaria Phillipsii, 7. 18; and p. 111, Plate XV, figs. 15, 15a.
Da. _- _ portion magnified.

6. Alaria pagoda, p. 18; and Plate XIII, figs. 4, 4a.

7, 7a. — Alaria atractoides, p. 19.

8. Alaria hexagona, p. 19.
9. Alaria paradoxa, p. 20, front view; and Plate XIII, fig. 3.
9a. — —_— var. a, back view.
10. — — back view.
11,114. Alaria trifida, p. 21, front view.
lla. —_. — back view.
Lle. = = portion magnified.
12a. Alaria parvula, p. 22.
126. — -— magnified.
13, 13a. Alaria cirrus, p. 22.
14. Pteroceras ignobilis, p. 14.
15: — Bentleyi, p. 15, front view.
15. — a back view.

16. — — var. of, back view.

PJ. M.

Printed by Hullmande! & Walton

W.S.Baily del et Jith

Sa

Boy
— :

yi

: hie

- %. i Yat
ny iilet ay:

; om)
Ay
, Hite
i ave
ov
ag

Fig.

PLATE IV.

Purpuroidea Moreausia, p. 27, front view.

back view.

back view, shell of advanced growth,
larger specimen.

young shell, front view.

young shell, back view.

cast of the interior.

Purpuroidea glabra, p. 28, front view.

back view.
young shell, front view.

young shell, back view.

»~

ae

a

> 9
: 7
;
1.
=
j J A
>
’
~
ee
®
- :
=

i
mn)

t

’
_
2
. }
7

Warr age Unit Hire '
mora: ort Tu a, , :
| C8 A uring a1

ae Pare. " «aaa alte

&- we & idles sa unig

Ne eg Me chuec! shouts eure i
bowinlnes bolt “ 08

wey. TeolF OS. etnwe lly sat) Ah

i i teal — a an
foe es

al iceel ae NE -. SirT iy R ee a ne i

a .

Ds) mot doad = ae
- ; sa Mal =e eit
SHOTS WHIIOY, ra —n See!
Suited ltr: Hiri E eh - Ronit -
tate! .2 ea JUS aie hoe 26 2a ,etieinns slloieeeee!
“
wants: LnUibett Ac sien? ae
epi sambh fitioges - -—-
is 2.
Hes aa eat iasti i
‘ art i 3 7
Wie th out a
f au i - ’
tat i a i
et ibe - :

PLATE V.

Purpuroidea nodulata, p. 28, front view.

= — back view.

= = another example.

= == young shell, front view.

a — cast of the interior.
Fusus coronatus, p. 23.

Fusus multicostatus, p. 23.
Fusus (Brachytrema) Buvignieri, p. 24.
Delphinula Buckmani, p. 71.
Fusus subnodulosus, p. 23.

— — portion enlarged.
Ceritella conica, p. 39, front view.

ss = back view.

— = smaller example.

= — magnified twice.
Actonina parvula, p. 104, front view.

= — back view.

— = younger example.

— -- adult, magnified twice.
Ceritella unilineata, p. 38, and Plate XIII, fig. 8, Plate IX, fig. 15, var.
Ceritella planata, ». 38, natural size.

— = magnified three times.
Ceritella mitralis, p. 39.

Ceritella Sowerbi, p. 38.

Ceritella acuta, p. 37, young, front view.
— — young, back view.
— —_ adult, front view.
— —_ adult, back view.

Pagodus (Amberlya) nodosa, p. 55.

| ae Rast waives

oir tia olgdigeo rodtoia &
asi fod Seong — hy ne
7 wf DP chights it a ab
a | my area tat 76
wei ee a dtr ae a 0
_ aye”. .araiv, daa a ae . i)
SOP ici dade gia ee)
ia ~ swory algal Atsiia aay. = _ HY
wary died Ob is ok (atigand) swcnl 28
araiv Aaa a ae _ —_ | ai
a. a ; 2 A. shi (axi nen) sonteVi ~ 0,
“ee hd: CEES deons tl ss 7
. = bie im sfiran T= bt
we <a i hans LGM A oy Res ite a aS
Pda i ‘wlatotiaremerd tg (aig wi asia vi “uf
Cee | Bh ‘oaticloly mn = bd

PLATE VI.

Natica intermedia, p. 41, front view.
= — back view.

Natica Michelini, p. 44, front view, elongated variety.
— — back view, elongated variety.
— — another example, front view.
— — another example, back view.

Natica neritoidea, p. 43.

— ambigua, p. 44.

— Verneuili, p. 44, front view.

= a back view.

= — young shell, front view.
— = young shell, back view.

Natica (Euspira) pyramidata, p. 46, front view.

— = = back view.

Natica (Euspira) coronata, p. 46.

— formosa, p. 42.

— Tancredi, p. 42.

— grandis, p. 41.
Natica (Euspira) subcanaliculata, p. 47.
Natica globosa, p. 43.

Pl. V1

Fe

CR. Bone Printed by Hullmandel & Walton

are ~ -_ =
GE oe eee etre
Aisrenee se a

Mestre ne ox _ieella Ter
‘ etrrant toliaae : — se
' AS oe Hepes da manne
} fisfia By the ae
| gfoottieryaises hes ee oe ee
i atiey tulignas OS6G) —
sth nwa AG ian : po nara
me dhrigieois atitiis Vi
ion —, —
ad ‘ OY eemooriny ssenrr is.) 1
: leeriuira % 20 Goateg .
4 foo iv eS —
| : ze : “af = diss Sin caurihavis
5. rp » J A) Oe an
| a Rite ll ea b emarert
baiiadks wooo x Hotty”, ee ee sok

oem —

Ft 7
Fates ogy — aa &
Hote RG E - ah yh gl ented ae SSL E cea ate 4
ig r iy bd «Pt
APSE Clas a: Caneaead Roe eae |
-
‘Re ‘a } =
ee i, earee a ae 3
¥ 11 5 7
_» Hots adttodiiiiee = = ~ : a he
Me aaa nr r mj
» 2 Gill) Soa | eon i i eee, oe

Fig.

8c, 8e.

PLATE VII.

Chemnitzia Hamptonensis, p. 50.
— — magnified.
Cerithium limeeforme, p. 30.
— sexcostatum, p. 30.
= — magnified.
Chemnitzia Leckenbyi, p. 50, magnified.
— Wetherellii, p. 50.
— _ magnified.
Nerinza Eudes, p. 33.
— — magnified.
Nerina Voltzii, y. 32, young.
== = section magnified.
Nerinzea Dufrenoyi, p. 34.
— _ magnified.
— cal section magnified.
— — p. 34, another variety.
= = portion magnified.
Nerinza Stricklandi, p. 35
== = portion magnified.
Nerina punctata, p. 35.
= — portion of external surface magnified.
— _— section magnified.
Nerineea Voltzii, p. 32.
— — section.
Nerinzea funiculis, py. 36.

_ _ portion of the surface magnified.
— — section magnified.
Chemnitzia Lonsdalei, p. 49, the young shell.

—_ — the adult shell.
Cerithium Roissu, p. 32.

aaa _ section of the shell.
Chemnitzia simplex, py. 49, reduced one half.

Frinted by Tulhmandel k Walton

WH Baily

Hf te aah Bae
° Dad aL a

ae aya ii LAT

sila ser rie
{ i, thy His, ae my

-
e+. PT ke peti tele ig

Mie pllwqiserad

- all dagiy Usiniacie :
Liaty SEPA PY ble Mie
} oily hin aes =
an AA bay ALT
‘ a 1 somali
hi MAPS (aa = :
ibd Women ee,
¥ i HaSLaIA
. sth SHINS levity
i (alituRen
- / ey byt
iW Pe Gi
* t +/
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Fig.
I, Tez
Wa, ike
2, 2a-
26, 2c.
3), BE
36, 3c.
4, 4a, 40.
Ac.
Dy Os
56, dc.
6, 6a.
64, ¢.
Me UGE
7b.
8, 8a.
9, 96.
9a.
10.
10a.
ae lias
112.
12, 12a.
120.
1D.
13, 13a.
WBYA5
14.
15:

16, 16a, 163.

HN dL /Gz.
174.

18, 188.
18a, 18e.
19, 19a.
194, ec.

20, 204, 20e, 21.

20a.
99 206:

22a, 22c.

PLATE VIII.

Rimula clathrata, p. 86.

magnified.

Rimula tricarinata, p. 86.

magnified.

Rimula Blotu, p. 87.

magnified.

Emarginula scalaris, p. 88.

under surface magnified.

Fissurella acuta, p. 85.

specimen magnified.

Nerita costulata, p. 57.

specimen magnified.

Chemnitzia variabilis, p. 51.

magnified.

Bulla undulata, p. 96.
Cylindrites acutus, p. 98.

magnified.

Cylindrites cuspidatus, p. 98.

magnified.

Cylindrites angulatus, p. 99.

magnified.

Cylindrites altus, p. 99.

Acteeonina ?

magnified.

Cylindrites brevis, p. 101.

magnified.

Acteeonina oliveeformis, p. 103.
Acteeonina bulimoides, p. 104.
Bulla loholum, p. 96.
Cylindrites excavatus, p. 100.

magnified section.

Cylindrites bullatus, p. 102.

magnified.

Cylindritescylindricus, p. 100.

view of apex, and section of the same.

Cylindrites pyriformis, p. 102.

magnified.

Cylindrites Thorenti, p. 101.

magnified.

Wi Baily.

FA MEATS

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20.

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23a.
236.

24, 24a,

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29a.

30, 30a.
306.

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32a.

33, 33a.
34.

34a.

oo.

35a.

36, 36a,

360.
36e.

37, 37a.

376,

b.
b.

PLATE IX.

Eulima pygmeea, p. 48.
Phasianella acutiuscula, p. 75, and Plate XI, fig. 28.
Eulima vagans, p. 48.
Chemnitzia phasianoides, p. 51.
Eulima subglobosa, p. 49.
Ceritella rissoides, p. 40.
Cerithium quadricinctum, p. 29.
Rissoina acuta, p. 53, and Plate XIII, fig. 9.
Rissoina duplicata, p. 52.
Rissoina cancellata, p. 53.
Rissoina tricarinata, p. 53.
Ceritella longiscata, p. 40.
Ceritella unilineata, ? from Ancliff, p. 38.
Rissoina? levis, p. 54.
Ceritella gibbosa, p. 37.
Cerithium strangulatum, p. 31.
_ — showing the contracted aperture.

Rissoina obliquata, p. 52.
Cerithium Tennanti, p. 32.
Eulima communis, p. 48, front view.

—_ _ back view.
Cerithium pentagonum, p. 30.
Solarium varicosum, p. 69.

— — view of the base.

—_ _ surface magnified.
Solarium polygonium, p. 69.
Solarium disculum, p. 70.
Delphinula coronata, p. 70.
Turbo elaboratus, p. 64.
Turbo Sharpei, p. 65,

— — surface magnified.
Turbo pygmeea, p. 65.

— _ magnified view.
Turbo Hamptonensis, p. 64.

_ _ magnified view.
Delphinula alta, p. 71.
Stomatia? Buvignieri, p. 85.

— — surface magnified.

Turbo capitaneus, p. 65.
Trochus squamiger, p. 62,* and Plate XIII, fig. 7.

— — back view.
Fusus (Brachytrema) turbiniformis, p. 25.
— ~~ _ front view.

Pileolus plicatus, p. 60.
_ — view of the base and aperture magnified.

— — side view magnified.
Pileolus leevis, p. 60.
—_ _— view of the base and aperture magnified.

* Incorrectly printed as Plate X, figs. 2, 2a, 6.

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Fig.

PLATE X.

1. Trochus Bunburyi, p. 63.

la.

— — magnified three times.
— _— back view.
Trochus spiratus ? var., p. 106, and Plate XIII, fig. 6.
— magnified.
— front view.
Trochus Dunkeri, p. 61.
— _- magnified.
Trochus Ibbetsoni, p. 62.
— _- magnified.
Trochus pileolus, p. 63.
_ — magnified.
— = another example.
Pleurotomaria clathrata, p. 79.
_ — magnified three times.
Trochus anceus, p. 63.
oe — specimen magnified.
Trochus plicatus, p. 61.
— — magnified.
Pleurotomaria pagodus, p. 77.
Trochotoma discoidea, p. 84, upper surface.
— — magnified.
— _— side view.
= = costee magnified.
Pleurotomaria obesa, p. 79.
Pleurotomaria discoidea, p. 78.
Pleurotomaria composita, p. 80.
= _ portion magnified.
Pleurotomaria scalaris, p. 77.
Trochotoma obtusa, p. 83.
— — front.
— — back view.
Trochotoma conuloides, p. 82.
Trochotoma tabulata, p. 83.
= _— front view.

. Trochotoma obtusa ?, p. 83, base.

— — surface magnified.

. Trochotoma extensa, p. 83.

to a back view.
Trochotoma acuminata, p. 82.

W H Baily

24a.

25, 25a.
27, 27a.

28, 28a.

30, 30a.
31, 3la.

PLATE XI.

Trochus obsoletus, p. 63.
— — magnified view.
Monodonta Labadyei, p. 68.
Monodonta imbricata, p. 67.
— _— magnified view.
Monodonta Lyelli, p. 67, front view.
_ _— back view.
— _— the shell magnified.
Turbo Gomondei, p. 66.
Monodonta formosa, p. 68.
_ — magnified view.
Delphinula (Crossostoma) discoideum, p. 73.
== = — magnifed view.
Delphinula (Crossostoma) heliciforme, p. 73.
Turbo obtusus, var., p. 66.
— _ magnified view.
Turbo obtusus, p. 66.
- -—— magnified view.
Monodonta Labadyei, p. 68.
Neritopsis sulcosa, p. 59.
Neritopsis striata, p. 59, front view.
- = back view.
Nerita hemispheerica, p. 58, front view.
— _— back view.
Nerita cancellata, p. 56, front view.
_— — back view.
_— — a portion of the surface magnified.

. Nerita hemispheerica, p. 58, a smooth variety.
. Nerita rugosa, p. 56.
. Nerita costulata, p. 57.

— _— a portion magnified.

. Nerita minuta, p. 58.
. Neritopsis varicosa, p. 106, and Plate XIII, fig. 5.

Delphinula (Crossostoma) Prattii, p. 77.
—_ _ — an enlarged view.
Natica (Euspira) Sharpei, p. 46.
Natica (Euspira) canaliculata, p. 45.
- = _ back view.
Natica Stricklandi, p. 42.
- _ back view.
Phasianella tumidula, p. 76.
Phasianella nuciformis, p. 75.
Phasianella elegans, p. 74.
Phasianella acutiuscula, p. 75, and Plate IX, fig. 2.
Phasianella parvula, p. 75.
_— - magnified view.
Phasianella conica, p. 74.
Phasianella Leymeriei, p. 74.
_ _ a globose variety.

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PLATE XII.

Patella rugosa, p. 89, variety with large coste.

magnified portion of the surface of figs. 1, La.
variety with fine costz.

magnified portion of the surface of figs. le, 1d.
the young shell.

Patella paradoxa, p. 90.

magnified portion of the surface.

Patella sulcata, p. 90.

magnified portion of the surface.

4, 4a, c,d. Patella cingulata, p. 88.

4.
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6, 6a.
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9, 9a.
10, 10a.
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13, 13a.

magnified portion of the surface.

Patella striatula, y. 91.

magnified portion of the surface.

Patella Roemeri, p. 91.

magnified portion of the surface.

Patella Aubentonensis, p. 91.

magnified portion of the surface.
the young shell.

Patella arachnoidea, p. 92.

portion of the surface magnified.

Patella suprajurensis, py. 92.

Patella nana, p. 93.

Patella inornata, p. 93.

Umbrella? Hamptonensis, p. 95.

the surface magnified three times.

Deslongchampsia Eugencei, p. 94, magnified twice.

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PLATE XIII.

Pteroceras Wrightu, py. 105. (In Dr. Wright’s collection.)
Ammonites gracilis, and Plate I, fig. 3, yp. 12 and 105.

— — front view. (In Prof. J. Buckman’s collection.)
Alaria paradoxa, and Plate ITI, figs. 9; 10, p. 20.
Alaria pagoda, and Plate ITI, fig. 18, p. 18.
— — magnified view.
Neritopsis varicosa, and Plate XI, fig. 20, p. 106.
Trochus spiratus, and Plate X, fig. 2, var., p. 106.

— _ magnified view.
Trochus squamiger, and Plate IX, fig. 34, ». 62. Magnified view of a por-
tion of the surface.

Ceritella unilineata, and Plate V, fig. 13, p. 38.
Rissoina? acuta, and Plate IX, fig. 9, p. 53.
Nerinea Eudesii, and Plate VII, fig. 6, p. 33. Section of interior.
Nerinea Voltzii, and Plate VII, fig. 11, p. 32. Section of interior.

6.
7.

PLATE XIV.
YORKSHIRE SHELLS.

Ammonites Braikenridgu, py. 111, reduced one half.
Ammonites macrocephalus, y. 109, reduced one half.
Ammonites Blagdemi, p. 110, side view.
— — front view, reduced one half.
Belemnites giganteus, p. 108.
= — transverse section.
Serpula plicatilis, p. 121.
= —- magnified view.
— _ transverse section.
Serpula sulcata, py. 121.
Serpula intestinalis, p. 121.

8a, 6. Vermicularia nodus, p. 120.

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PLATE XV.

YORKSHIRE SHELLS.

Fig.

ie Trochus monilitectus, p. 116.

la. — — magnified view.

2 Turbo elaboratus, and Plate IX, fig. 27, p. 116.
2a. — — magnified view.

3. Nerita pseudocostata, p. 114.

3a. _ — magnified view.

4 Eulima levigata, p. 114.

5 Cerithium Beanu, ». 112.

6. Cerithium gemmatum, p. 115.

te Chemnitzia? vetusta, p. 114.*

8 Chemnitzia? Scarburgensis, p. 115.
9. Actzeon Sedgvici, p. 118.
10. Actxonina glabra, p. 120.

We Actzeon pullus, y. 118.

2: Turbo Phillipsu, p. 117.

12a. — — back view.

126. — = surface magnified.

13. Actzonina gigantea, p. 119.

14. Acteonina tumidula, p. 120.

1s Alaria composita, var. Phillipsii, and Plate III, fig. 5, y. 111, and p. 18.
ba. — — magnified view.

iG? Phasianella latiuscula, p. 117.

if. Natica adducta, p. 112, front view.

ia: — back view.

18. Natica punctura, p. 112.

18a. --- surface magnified.

19. Phasianella striata, p. 118.

20. Natica (Euspira) ? cincta, p. 113.

21, 21a. Trochus ? Leckenbyi, y. 115. (In Mr. Leckenby’s collection.)

* In this figure the coste near the suture are too much indented.

YORKSHIRE SHELLS

DIINO

3 2044 107 314 767

me Cas —
- ee ~_ -~-os
se ~~. — ~ oor oe - eee ~~ s
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= cage mm,
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