MARY DORA ROGia' ROGICK COLLECTION TRANTBAOTIONS ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. VOLUME IV. 1895. ^iFT F floral 3>n..]>ftP A. /3/g«t«»A/ Oct- ifTb CONTENTS. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA, By p. H. MacGillivkay, M.A., LL.D. (With Plates, I.-XXII.). libiieifeeque F CANl) MELBOURNE. PRINTED FOK THE ROYAL SOCIETY BY FORD & SON, GENERAL PRINTERS, 372 & 374 DRUMMOND STREET, CARLTON. NOVEMBER, 1895. MARY DORA ROGICK TRANSACTIONS MARY DORA ROGICK TRANSACTIONS Bibhom^^, „ ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. VOLUME IV. 1895. CONTENTS. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA, By P. H. MacGillivray, M.A., LL.D. (With Plates, I.-XXIL). MELBOURNE. PKINTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY BY FORD & SON, GENERAL PRINTERS, 372 & 374 DRUMMOND STREET, CARLTON. NOVEMBER, 1895. ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. 1895. flatron : HIS EXCELLENCY THE EARL OK HOPETOUN, G.C.M.G. ^wstticnt : PEOFESSOR W. C. KERNOT, BLA., C.E. lltrp-|)r£sitintts : E. J. WHITE, F.R.A.S. | H. K. RUSDEN, F.R.G.S. Bon. ©rtasuwr: C. R. BLACKETT, F.C.S. I^oit. .^rcirtary : PROFESSOR BALDWIN SPENCER, M.A. "Hon. 1£ibrarian : E. F. J. LOVE, M.A. (Koundl : W. H. ARCHER, F.L.S., F.I.A. J. W. BARRETT, M.D. F. A. CAMPBELL, C.E. JOHN DENNANT, F.G.S. R. L. J. ELLERY, C.M.G., F.R.S. G. S. GRIFFITHS, F.R.G.S. H. R. HOGG, M.A. JAMES JAMIESON, M.D. PROF. R. T. LYLE, M.A. H. MOORS. T. W. FOWLER, C.E. ' REV. E. H. SUGDEN, B.A., B.Sc. W. PERCY WILKINSON. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. It is necessary to say a few words with regard to tlie publicatiou of this mimlicr of the Trail sactious. Dr. MacGillivray's paper was formally laid before the Society in December, 1894, and ordered by the Council to be printed and published. The manuscript and drawings remained in the possession of Dr. MacGillivray who, up to the time of his death, was busily engaged in superintending the drawing of the plates, and making the few additions necessarj' to render the letterpress and illusti-atious complete. On the death of Dr. MacGillivray the whole of the plates, except Plate XV., had been lithographed, but only the first few pages of letterpress were in print. An examination of the manuscript showed that the descriptions of a small number of species, towards the end of the paper, were not complete, and that a few drawings remained to be made of certain species of Retepora the descriptions of which had been written. Those species of which the descriptions had not been written were already named and drawn by Dr. MacGillivray. Under these circum- stances it was decided to print the manuscript without any additions or alterations, and to include the names of the species not described with reference to the plates in order to preserve Dr. MacGillivray's names already attached to them in manuscript. The monograph so ftir as page 13.5 is therefore printed exactly in the form in which it .was left by Dr. MacGillivray. Mr. T. S. Hall very kindly undertook to write the descriptions of the species wliich were left incomplete by Dr. MacGillivray, and these have been inserted in the form of an appendix (pp. 136-146). All the illustrations were complete except Figures 5, 14, 1.5, 10, 17, 18 and 19 on Plate XV.; these I have drawn from Dr. MacGillivray's named specimens, and I have also added an index to families, genera and species which will perhaps be found useful for purposes of reference. It is hoped that but few errors have crept into the work, the greater part of which in passing throngh the press has, unfortunately, not had the advantage of being revised by the author. It will be noticed that the monograph refers exclusively to the species represented in Dr. MacGillivray's collection ; whether or not it was his intention to have subsequently ailded references to species described by other workers, specimens of which were not in his collection it is impossible now to say. No manuscript or notes referring to such can lie found, and it has ln-en thought best therefore, with the exception of Mr. Hall's appendix completing Dr. MacGillivray's own work, to make no additions. The type specimens have been purchased by the Trustees of the National Gallery and Museums of Victoria, and will be placed in the National Museum, Melbourne, to which Dr. MacGillivray had during his life-time generously presented his very valuable series of type specimens of recent Australian Polyzoa. W. BALDWIN SPENCER, Hon. Sec. CORRIGENDA. Page 33. Line 11. For Caleschara read Caleschara. y Page 55. Line 21. For Goldfress read Goldfuss. -y Page 62. Line 20. Add PI. X., Fig. 27. . Page 65. Line 21. For Andouin read Audouin, -^ Page 66. Line 24. For Fig. 28 read Fig. 20. ^ Page 71. Line 27. For Macnopora read Macropora.'^ Page 95. Line 17. For Figs. 26, 29 read Figs. 26—29. •" Page 100. Line 28. For P. emendata read B. emendata. ./ Page 115. Line 15. Add PI. XV., Fig. 15. u Page 132. Line L For Fig. 4 read Figs. 4, 7. .. Page 135. Line 7. For Figs. 8, 9 read Fig. 10. - Plate 11. For 101 inch read 001 inch. -^ i A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA, By p. H. MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., LL.D. (With Plates I.— XXII.) Read ISth December, 189J:. The Australian seas have long been known to be very rich in their Polyzoan fauna, the species of which also possess many characteristic features. Those occurring on the coasts of Victoria are now fairly well known, about 400 species having been accurately determined. In the other colonies so much attention has not been bestowed on them, and the numbers recorded are much smaller ; but there is no doubt that further research will furnish an equally extensive list from their coasts. In Victoria, as well as in South Australia, there are numerous tertiary formations containing large deposits of Polyzoa, the accurate determination of which, especially in relation to the living species, is of great geological interest. The present paper has been prepared as a contribution to that work. The localities which have furnished the specimens I have had at my disposal in its preparation are Bairn.sdale, various localities in the Geelong district (Corio Bay, Waurn Ponds, Belmont, Moorabool, and Bird Rock), Muddy Creek near Hamilton, Lake BuUenmerri near Camperdown, and a section at Gellibi'and. The material from Bairnsdale was supplied to me by Mr. Gregson, the specimens from the Geelong district. Lake BuUenmerri and Gellibrand by Mr. T. S. Hall, those from Moorabool by Mr. H. Grayson, and the material from Bird Rock by Mr. J. Dennant ; and I have to thank these gentlemen for their kind assistance. The Schnapper Point and Muddy Creek specimens were collected by myself The papers already published on the subject with which I am acquainted are a li.st, without descriptions, by Mr. Busk, in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London for 1859, of species collected at Mount Gambler in South Australia by the Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods ; papers by Mr. Woods himself in the Transactions of the Royal Societies of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia; a paper by Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson on Fossil Catenicellas, in the Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria ; a Synopsis of the known species of Australian Tertiary Polyzoa by Mr. R. Etheridge, Junr., in the Transactions of the Royal Society of New South Wales for 1877 : and a series of important papers by Mr. A. W. Waters in the Journal of the Geological Society of London. In the B 2 A MONOGRAPH OF TIIK TERTIARY POLYZOA OK VICTORIA. last-mentioiiud iiapoi-.s Mr. Waters deals willi spcciineii.s t'ruiii various Victorian and Soutli Australian deposits collected by Mr. Allen, Mr. Tenisou Woods, Mr. Etheridgc, and Professor Tate. There ean be no doubt that when other dei^osits from which I have no specimens are examined, tlie number will be very largely increased. Even of the deposits here dealt with, the oulv ones of whicli anything like an exhaustive examination has been made are those at Schnapi)er Point and Muddy Creek. The most marked leaiuie of the fossil species is their striking resemblance to those of the existing fauna. This is shown not only in the number of identical species, but also in the abundance of individuals of the same or closely allied forms. Thus, of the Cheilostoniata, among the Catenicellida) which at the present time arc almost exclusively confined tt) the Australian seas, we have no less than foi-ty species ; and in this connection it is to be noted that the only species hitherto found fb.ssil out of Australia are two recently recorded by j\Ir. Waters from North Italian Deposits in the Vicentine, which are referred to the Upper Eocene. The Adeon;e are largely represented and the Retepora; are abundant, as are also Caleschara denticulata, Membranipora radicifera, Selenaria maculata, Steganoporella magnilabris, Porina gracilis, Lekytho})ora hystrix and various other markedly Australian types. The living Australian Cyclostomata do not present any special characteristics, and there is nothing jjarticularly noteworthy among the fossils. Of the species not peculiai-ly Australian which are identical with recent species, most are cosmopolitan, as Membrani]ioia savartii, Thalamoporella rozieri, Cribrilina radiata, Microporella ciliata and Licheno})ora radiata. The age of the deposits has been the sulyect of a good deal of discussion among geologists. They are now generally referred to the Oligocene or early Miocene, but some are considered l>y different authorities to belong to the Eocene. It is difficult, however, to belie\e that any of them can be so old as the Eocene, at least considering it to be comparable to that of Europe. So far as an opinion can be formed from an examination of the Polyzoa, they are not of very different ages. The classification adopted is mainly that given in my catalogue of the Marine I'olyzoa of ^'ictoria, published in the Proceedings of this Society for f88(j, with, however, sonic modifications. The nomenclature is that in general use. The only innovation of any con.se- quence I have made is the introduction of the term thyrostome {OvfM, arofj-a) for the opening through which the tentacles and oral extremity of the jjolypide are protruded. The terms orifice, oral aperture and mouth arc inaccurate and confusing, and the proposed name will, I think, prove advantageous. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEUTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 6 A large numbei' of new species is proposed ; and it is not improbable that tlie examination of more extensive series of specimens than are at present available may eventuall}' show some of these not to be entitled to specific rank, and others to bo identical with species jireviously described. It is hoped, however, that the descriptions and figures will at all events jarevent any diftieulty in the recognition of those here dealt with. I have to thank Mr. Wendel for the admirable manner in whicli he has litho- graphed my drawings. ABBREVIATIONS USED. References. A.M.N.H. = Anuals and Magazine of Natural Historj\ B.M.C. = Busk's British Museum Catalogue of Mariue Polyzoa. B.M.P. = Hincks' British Marine Polyzoa. C.P. = Busk's Polyzoa of Challenger Expedition. C.V. = MacGillivray's Catalogue of Mariue Polyzoa of Victoria in T.R.S.V., 1886. P.Z.V. = McCoy's Prodromns of the Zoology of Victoria, articles on Polyzoa, by P. H. MacGillivray.* P.C.F. = Lamouroux's Polypiers Coralligeues Flexibles. P.F.T.C. = D'Orbiguy's Paleontologie Fran(jaise, Terrains Cr^tac^s. Q.J.G.S. = Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Q.J.M.S. = Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. T.R.S.N.S.W. = Transactions of the Royal Society of New Soutli Wales. T.R.S.S.A. = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. T.R.S.V. = Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. * Miss Jelly, iu her valuable Catalogue of recent Marine Bryozoa, and several other authors have erroneously referred these descriptions to Professor McCoy, having overlooked the aoknowledtj-ment made at the end of each article. The quotation should bo MacGillivray in McCoy's P.Z.V. Localities. 6. = Bairnsdale. L.B. = Lake BuUeumerri. B.R.=Bird Rock. M. = Moorabool. Belni. = Belmont. M.C. = Muddy Creek. C.B. = Corio Bay. S.P. = Schuapper Point. C.C. = Curdies' Creek. W.P. = Wauru Ponds. G. = Gellibrand. (W.) indicates that the locality is given on the authority of Mr. Waters. B2 TABLE OF CLASSIFICATION. Class POLYZOA. Order Gymnolaemata, Allnuin. ( = Infuudibulata, Gcrvais). Sub-order CHEILOSTOMATA, Bosk. Family LiRiozoiDiE. Liriozoa, Lawk. Family BiGEMELLARIIDyE. Bigemellaria, ii.ff. Family CatenicellidyE. Catenicella, Btisk. Caloporclla, )/.[/. Stenostomaria, ».[/. Claviporella, 3fcG. Strophipora, i/.g. Ditaxipor-a, n.g. Microstomaria, ii.g. Family CELLULARiiDiE. Menipea, Lanw. Cauda, Lama\ Scrui)()collaria, Ton Beitcdeii. Plicopora, )i.(j. Caberea, Lamx. Family Bicellariid.e. Beania, Johnston. Family CELLARiiDiE. Cellaria, Lam.x. Family Flustrid/E. Craspedozoum, 3IcG. Family Membraniporid.e. Membraiii{)ora, JJlainv. Selenaria, Bitsk. Ampliiblestrum, Gray. Farcimia, PourUdes. Lunulites, Lamk. Caleschara, McG. Family Steganoporellid.e. Thalamoporella, Hincks. Stcganoporella, Smlff. A MONOGUAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. Micropora, Gray. Membraniporella, Smitt. Cribrilina, Gray. Microporella, Sincks. Tessaradoma, Norman. Lepralia, Johnsfon. Bulbipora, i/.(/. Schizoporella, Ilincks. Gemellipoi'a, Suiilf. Haswellia, Busk. Porella, Gray. Smittia, Hlncks. CucuUipora, ii.y. Pacliystomaria, }i.(j. Phylactella, Rincks. Lekytliopova, McG. Cellepora, Fabr/c/'iis. Family Microporidte. Maci'opova, n.r/. Family CRiBRiLiNiDiE. Corbulipora, n.ff. Family Hiantoporid.e. Hiantopora, McG. Family Microporellid.e. Acleona, Lamx. Family LEPRALiiDiE. Plagiopora, n.g. Family ScHIZOPORELLIDyK. Bipora, Jriiitclegcje. Atlcouella, Busk. Family SMiTTiiDiE. Mvicronclla, Rincks. Bracebridgia, 3IcG. Ebyncbopora, Rincks. Aspidostoma, Rincks. Porina, jyOrhigiiy. Family Tubucellariid^. Tubucellaria, J)' Orbigmj. Family PROSTOMARIIDyE. Prostomaria, n.g. Family Bitectiporid.e. Bitectipora, )i.g. Family Celleporid^. Schismopora, McG. Family Reteporid^. Retepora, Imperato. A mono(;k.\i'ii of the tertiary polyzoa of victoria. Idmonea, Lomx. Filisparsa, 7)' OMgnij. Tul)uli])ora, Lamx. Stoniatopora, Broiiii. 13iastopora, Jali iisloii . Lichcnopora, Lamx. Disco fascii^era, Z)' Orhigini, Suporcytis, i)' Orhiciiii/. Fasciculipora, D'Orbigiiij. Siih-ordcr CYCLOSTOMATA, BiL, n.sp. PI. I., fig. 28. Geminate zon'cia broad, inclined at an angle to each other; fenestrre 7-12, ])yiiform, surroundtnl by a raised margin ; thyrostome wide, rounded above, with ntire lower margin and a denticle above the angles ; peristome thickened above ; a narrow raised ridge extending upwards, with a depression (supra-avicularian chamber) on each side; avicularian chamber short, broad, and with a small aviculariuin opening outwards ; two depressions directed outwards and slightly forwards below the avicularium ; a long, narrow depression between the zocecia. Posterior surface convex, smooth. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. ; M. At once distinguished by the massiveness and obliipiity of the zocecia. I have only seen geminate pairs. 18. C. cii/cfa, n.sp. PI. I., 29. Zoiecia cuneiform ; 7 fenestra; opening into tubes diverging from the central line, surrounded by a thick convex rim continuous with the thickened peristome ; thyrostome rather lofty, straight below and with a small denticle above the angles ; a nari'iiw, raised, vertical ridge from the middle of the peristome ; avicularian process wide, with a moderate sized avicularium opening outwards ; on each side above the avicularium a long tubular process extending nearly directly upwards ; two lateral depressions or chambers below the avicularium. Posterior surface convex, smooth. M.C. 19. C. lineata, n.sp. PI. I., fig. 30. Zocecia nuich elongated, narrow ; a linear elevated tract extending nearly the whole length and formed by a double row of about 15 narrow tubes on each side, extending outwards from the central line, separated by deep grooves or fissures, and opening at the extremities by small round pores; lateral processes absent ; tliyros- tome lofty, lower margin seemingly straight. Posterior surface convex, smooth. S.P. A ver}' peculiar species, totally unlike an)' other. The tubes, with their terminal pores, are very distinct, and the dividing grooves in the oidy two specimens I have seen are mostly fissured right through. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEETIARY POLYZOA OF VICTOllIA. 15 20. C. latifrons, u.sp. PI. I., fig. 31. Zooecia large, broad, ovate ; whole front occupied by a double series of tubes diverging from a central line to the margin and separated by distinct wide grooves ; a division of the tubes running down each side about mid-way between the central and distal ends ; lateral pi'ocesses rather small, and with an avicularium opening outwards ; thyrostome large, arched and slightly pointed above, lower margin straight and entire. Posterior surface convex, smootli ; on each side in the single zoojcia three dejjrcssions oj)eniug backwards and separated from the central tract by a narrow raised line. S.P. This is a well marked and peculiar species. The tubes extend from the central line to the circumference and are usually open in the outer part, although occasionally that part is closed and there is a fissure in the central division ; the grooves are frequently fissured in the central half. There is a continuous mark down each side wdiich gives the appearance of the tubes or pores consisting of two series, especially marked when the inner portions of the grooves are fissured through and the outer parts of the tubes are open. The geminate zooecia do not show the posterior markings distinctly, but there is a series of depressions on the outer edges similar to tliose on the single zocecia. 21. C. auriciilata, u.sp. PL II., fig. 5. Zooecia elongated; an elevated scutiform area, with a row of about 5 large pyriform fenestrie on each side, directed from mesian line ; thyrostome lofty, straight or slightly convex below ; above the thyrostome a vertical raised line on each side of which is a dejiression; lateral processes small, prominent, with a distinct external avicularium opening outAvards and slightly forwards ; a long narrow depression on each side of the zooecium below. Posterior surface smooth or faintly sulcate. M.C.; B. AUied to C. hastata, but much more slender and having the avicularian processes small and ear-like. In most of the fossil specimens of C. hastata the lateral processes are broken or worn oft', so that they do not show their structure. In the specimens of the present species they are beautifully perfect and quite distinctive. 22. C. stvicta, n.sp. PI. II., fig. 6. Zooecia narrow, vase-shajied ; 5 pyriform fenestrie ; a sub-fenestral plate extending to the middle of the fenestras ; thyrostome lofty, straight and wide below ; a vertical baud upwards from the top of the peristome ; lateral processes small, with a small avicularium on the outer edge opening directly outwards. 16 A MONOGRAPH OF TUE TEIlTIAllY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. M.C. I have only a ssitii^lc zooeciuin, the posterior surface of wliicli is broken hut was convex. Thi; posterior aspect of the sub-fenestral plates is seen through the fraetiire to he closely applied to the anterior wall, there heiny no cavity or chamber between them. 23. C. Intermedia, McG. PI. II., fig. 1. C. hi I rr media, McG., P.Z.V., 21. Zooecia ratlicr broad; 5 pyrit'orm fenestnc separated by thick margins, the apices nearly incetiug; a central internal plate extending to the middle of the fencstrie ; tliyrostoiue large, slight ly contracted at the sides, straight below ; one or two external depressions looking outwards and forwards. Posterior surface smooth. 13. ; M. A recent Australian species. 21. C. Initipora, n.sp. PI. IT., 2. Zocccia vase-shaped, narrow; o large, somewhat, lunate fenestrie ; lateral processes small, erect; thyrostcnne straight below, slightly contracted at the sides; a narrow baud extending vertically upwards from the jjcristome. Posterior surface depressed down the centre, two hollow spaces on each side opening outwards and backwards. B. 25. C. ocoidea, n.sp. PI. II., figs. 3, 4. Zooicia large, ovate ; 7 large, pyriforni fenestnc ; lateral processes large ; an internal calcareous plate extending to al)out half the length of the I'enestroi ; thyrostome large, lofty, arched above, witli the lower margin slightly convex; peristome thickened above. Posterior surface smooth. M.C; B.; M. 20. ? C. punctata, n.sp. PI. II., ilg. 30. Zooccia ovate ; an irregular series of small depressions or pores, double at the lower part, along the margin, and a few others in a depressed space below the thyrostome; thyrostome subcircular, straighter below; a nearly conical lateral proc(?ss on one side (probably worn oil' on the other), surmounted by a minute avicularium. Dorsal surface smooth. I am in great doubt Avhere this species ought to go, and have ])rovisionally placed it in Catenicella, as it seems to be one of the Catenicollidoe. Stenostomaria, n.g. Zocccia broad ; an elevated band or ridge down the centre ; thyrostome ronndinl above, and with a narrow acutely pointed sinus in the lower margin, contractcul at the base by a denticle on each side formed by an extension of the peristome, so A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 17 as to have a Imstatc form. Posterior surface with a grooved vertical ridge, on eacli side of which it is smooth. No fenestras or true vitta3. 1. *S'. soUda, Waters, sp. PI. II., figs. 7, 8. C. sollda, "Waters, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1881, p. 318. Zooecia ovate or hroadly cuneiform ; a raised vertical band directed downwards from the thyrostome ; the sides depressed and smooth and entire, or with a row of pores ; lateral processes extending from the ujiper angles as an acute triangular exjiansion with a conspiciious avicularium opening forAvards or outwards. Posterior surface of the single zoojcia much dcjiressed, with an irregular central series of pores and thickened margin on either side ; in the gemiuate zoa?cia a double ridge separating the zooecia, and a raised central band down each zooecium especially marked in the lower or primary ; surface imder the central band convex, and in some specimens with an almost globular elevation. S.P., M.C., B., M. ; C.C. and W.P. (W.) It is difficult to place this form in any of the other divisions of the Catenicellidse and I have, therefore, proposed a new genus for its reception. It differs from Catenicella proper in the structure of the thyrostome, from Calpidium in the peristome, although thickened, not presenting the lofty cucullate form of that genus, and from both in the absence of fencstrtX} ; and from Claviporclla in the large size of the zooecia and the presence of the peculiar raised bands. The globular posterior enlargement present in some specimens is very peculiar and suggests the possibility of its beiug an ocecium, although the situation would almost preclude that idea. Strophipora, n.y. Zooecia destitute of fcnestne or vitta3, with a vertical tliickened band descending downwards from the thyrostome, and one or more similar bands on the posterior surface ; thyrostome large, similar to that of Catenicella, arched above and straight below. 1. »S'. havceyi, Wyville Thomson, sp., Plate II., figs. 9-12. Catenicella Juwceijl, Wyv. Thomson, Dublin Nat. Ilist. llev., April, 1858, p. 137 ; Waters, Q. J. G. S., Aug., 1883, p. 131. Zooecia ovate ; a vertical raised band extending directly downwards from the middle of the lower margin of the thyrostome, dividing a short way down to enclose a small circle aud again laiH ing ; a raised band separating the zoa'cia of a geminate D X8 A MONOGKAl'Il OF THE TEKTIAKY POLYZOA OF VICTOllIA. pair; Uiyrostome with a thiekcMicd peristome and a deiiliele on eacli side; a sligliMy pointed lateral process on cacli side bearing an oval, elliptical or triangnlar avicularium directed forwards or outwards. Posterior surface with a simple vertical raised band similar to that on tlic front. Var. porosa. A scries of pores on each side of the raised baud in front. ^'ar. lata. Distinguished by its much greater Avidth. S.P.; iNLC; 13.; AV.P. and B.U. (W.) Dredged iu Bass's Straits by Professor liarvey, but, so far as I know, not since found living. Microstomaria, //.//. Zoopcia small, without I'euestnc or vittic ; thyrostome small, nearly circular and j)rojecting forwards. 1. 31. tuhulifera, n.sp. PI. II., fig. 29. The only specimen I have seen is the single geminate pair of zooecia figured. The zooecia are very small, narrow, the surface with very minute perforated papilhe and faintly corrugated; each outer angle is produced into a delicate tubular process open at the extremity; there are no avicularia ; the thyrostome is circular and almost tubular from the elevation of the peristome. M.C. The diiferencc in tlu^ form of the thyrostome necessitates the formation of anew genus for lliis niinule species. It is possible that the tubular processes are reaUy avicidarian. Caloporella, n.y. Zocccia small, mostly narrow and elongated ; a lateral or anterior usually linear depression (vitta oi' Ikisk) on each side, witli a single or double series of pores; thyrostome small, subcircular or with tiie lower margin straighter and usually having a small denticle on either side. I propose this genus for the Catenicellte vittatyc of Busk. It differs from Catenicella in tiic zoo'cia l)eing small and usually narrow, in the absence of fenestrai and the presence of linear lateral narrow depressions usually perforated l)y pores, and in the smaller size and more circular t'orm of the thyrostome. 1. C. insignis, n.sp. PI. II., figs. 13, 14. Zooecia somewhat cuneate; convex and snuwth in i'ront ; vittie generally narrow, but occasionally broader, lateral and extending the whole length; A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 19 tliyrostome subcircular, the lower margin straight and probably with a slight sinus, a minute denticle on each side ; lateral processes thin and rather narrow. Posterior surface convex and smooth. S.P.; M.C. The Schnapper Point specimens are larger and the vitttio wider than in those from Muddy Creek ; and I am not sure that they ought not to be referred to distinct species. 2. C. speciosa, n.sp. PL II., fig. 15. Zofocia elongated, narrow ; an entirely lateral, rather wide vitta, with two rows of jiores, extending the whole length of the zofficium on each side; tliyrostome lofty, rather narrow, arched and somewhat pointed above, contracted towards the straight lower margin. Posterior surface smooth. S.P. I have only the single geminate pair of zooecia figured. It is allied to C. fitsca (McG.), from which it differs in the wider vittai and the tliyrostome being much narrower and pointed above. The zocBcia, moreover, are straight, and not curved as in the recent species. The lateral processes are not very perfect. They, however, seem to have been rather small with an avicularium opening outwards. 3. C. lutRHafordi, McG. PI. II., figs. 16, 17. Cafenicella haunofordi, McG., P.Z.V., 21.. Zooecia broad, ovate or pyriform ; vittse lateral, wider below ; tliyrostome rounded above, hollowed below, with a minute denticle on either side ; a long narroAv depressed mark or slit on each side of the tliyrostome extending upwards and outwards on the large lateral processes. Posterior surface smooth. M.C. Recent Australian. I refer this species somewhat doubtfully to the recent C. luoniafonli, with which the resemblance is only seen after calcination. In the fossils the lateral oral mark is larger than in recent specimens and the vittse do not extend so high up. 4. C. teres, n.sp. PI. II., figs. 18, 19. Zooecia small, elongated, nearly cylindrical, smooth ; vittfe very narrow, linear, extending the whole length of the zooecia ; tliyrostome rounded ; lateral processes small, supporting minute avicularia. Zooecia of geminate paii's very distinctly separated behind. M.C. D2 20 A MONOGIi.VTlI OF THE TEHTIAUY POLYZOA OF VICTOIIIA. 5. C. pra'idinis, n.sp. PI. II , fig. 20. Zoopcia smiill, very skMider ; a vory narrow vitta on each side oxton(lini>- tlic ■whole Iciiiiih of \hc zooocium ; latoral proeossos small, at tlio iippcM* angles of (lie zoa-cia, with a iiiimito avicnlan'inn opciiiiii;' outwards; thyrostorao suhcirciihir, the lower margin straight and slightly thickened. Posterior snrface smooth. M.C. Allied to the recent C. reiiitsia, but T have no doubt distinct. I have only seen the geminate pair of zoreeia iigured. 6. C.sacculala,V,\\^\i^Y>- PL II-, fig. 21. Catenicella saccidata. Busk, C.P., Pt. I., p. 12. Zooecia narroAv, elongated, smooth ; a long marginal vitta extending almost the whole length of the zooecium on either side ; thyrostome siibcircular, the loAver margin straightcr and Avith a slightly rounded mai'supium-like elevation immediately beloAV ; lateral processes small ■with an avicidarium opening outwards. M.C. Also living in the South Atlantic. This is luidoiibtedly identical -with the C. saocvhita dredged by the Challenger Expedition off the coast of Brazil, and it is certainly a good s])ecies. Claviporella, McG. Zooecia small ; thyrostome narrow, arched above, contracted beloAV and extending dowmvards as a deep notch ; lateral processes various, usually supporting larti'e avicularia which mav, however, be aborted or absent. 1. C. vespo'tUio, n.sp. PL II., fig. 22. Zoa>cia small, rounded, ju'ojccting forwards, produced below into a long calcareous tube and expanded above into large wing-like lateral processes. S.P.; M.C. I am very doubtful of the position of this species. In the Muddy Creek specimen the thyrostome is small, contracted below so as to form a larg(> sinus, and the lateral processes are very long and sharply pointed. Jn that from Schnapp(;r Point tho thyrostome is larger, without contraction and straight below, the difference being obviously OAving to the lattin- ha\ing been Avorn. Pending the discovery of other specimens I refer it doubtfully to Ifie present genus, believing it not unlikely that it may not be a member of the Catenicellidse at all. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 21 2. C. loiigicolJis, Waters, sji. PI. II., figs. 23-25. Catenicella longicollis, Waters, Q.J.G.S., Aug. 1888, p. 132. Zooecia bi'oadly cuneate ; below the thj'rostome a long, narrow, elliptical space surrounded hy a narrow raised rim, and situated in a depression of the zoocciuni ; this sjiace occupied by a row of narrow bands on each side extending inwards to the mesial line where they meet ; thyrostome rounded above, narrow or triangular below, the peristome slightly raised ; lateral processes wide, with a gaping avicu- larium opening outwards. Sometimes an avicularium on the inner summit of one of the zooecia of a geminate jiair. Posterior surface convex, smooth. Var. (nir/Hsfa. A single specimen (fig. 23) with the zocccia much narrower and the lateral processes aborted or possibly broken off. M.C. Tlie characteristic feature of this species is the suboral concave space with the minute transverse ril)s. Those ril)s are like, but very much smaller tlian those of the front of Membraniporella, but the front formed by them is concave. 3. C. ohliqua, n.sp. PI. II., fig. 26. Geminate zooecia inclined obli(|uely to each other; a raised portion of the zooecium extending downwards from the thyrostome, bordered by a row of minute pores ; thyrostome rounded above, witli a denticle on either side sei^arating a pointed sinus, and several small pointed ojien tubes on its upper margin ; lateral processes small, with a small avicularium opening backwards. M.C. I have only a single geminate pair of zooecia. It may possibly be C. lougicoUis, but it differs in the obliquity of the zooecia, the elevation below the thyrostome and the distinct, short tubular processes on the upper lip. 4. C. marioHce, n.sp. PI. II., figs. 27, 28. Zooecia vase-shaped or cuneiform ; connecting tubes very long ; anterior surface smooth ; thyrostome round and wide above, with a triangular sinus below ; peristome thickened al)ove ; lateral processes usually large and su2)portiug an avicu- larium (frequently absent) on the outer edge, with the elongated triangular mandible opening directly outwards or slightly backwards. Posterior surface raised towards the mesial line, smooth. In geminate zoa3cia there is frequently a mark on each side, close to the junction above, which seems in some cases to be a minute avicu- larium. 22 A MONOGRAPH OF I'UK TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. S.P.; M.C. Named after my youngest daugliter. I suspect tliat AYatevs may hav(», probably from iiii perfect specimens, confused tbis Avitli bis C. lotifjicollin, ovi^rlookiui;' \\u' absence of tbe (b'])ressed ril)be(l area, and taking- the speeilic nam(> from tlie long- tul)ular connecting tu1)es wliicb are much more mai'ked in tbe ))resent species. Ditaxij)ora, n.g. Zofrcia alternate in two configuous rows facing tbe same way, distinct but closely united ; upper outer angle produced and ])()inted, bearing a sessile avicn- larium witb long triangular mandible and sbari) upturned mucro. Ocecia large, imbedded in the zooocia above. 1. T). iiilrrnodia. Waters, sp, PI, TT., fig. 31. C,t/rtnrr//a iuh-nimli,!, W^atc-rs, Q.J.G.S., Aug., 1881, p. 818; /V/. Aug., 1883, p. 430. Tn tbis species the zooecia are arranged alternately in two rows, closely united laterally and longitudinally; tbe terminal zooecia of an internode are single. All the specimens are more or less damaged, none i-eprescnting an entire internode. Tn som(> specimens there ai'c 7 or 8 zooecia. Tbe zoaxMa liave a broad raised band down the mid(ll(>, witb a groove in its centre. Each margin of tbe zoa;ciu)n is raised, leaving a de])ressed portion on eitlun* side of the central band, on which are usually found a few small pores ; above tbe thyrostome there is frequently a band .stretching to tbe summit of tbe zooicium " with a small band to one side by which it is sometimes replaced." Tbyrostoinc, when ])ei-fect, rounded above, contracted beh)w the middle third by a small sbarj) process or denticle on each side, beneath Avhich is a broad ])ointed sinus. The upper and outer angle of each zooecium bears a large avicularium Avith triangular inaudible opening directly forwards and Avith a sharp upturned beak. Tbe posterior surface is thickened round tbe margin, Avithin which is a lozenge-shaped de})ression dee])cst in tbe centre ;uid iiaving several sni;ill pores. I have only seen one ooecium, shown in tlie figure; the front is In-oken off. There are some points in Mr. Waters' description witb wbicii my specimens do not agree, but they are of no specific value Thus, lie describes an oval space l)elow tbe month surrounded by the division of the central band, and says that a pore or corresiionding mark is always present in tbe middle of tbis band. It is somcAvbat difficult to be certain of the systematic position of this species, hut I agree Avith Mr. Waters in placing it in the Catenicelli(he. I, liowever, think A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 23 that the characters are such as to require the forraation of a new genus. In a paper on North Italian Bryozoa (Quart. Journ., Geol. Soc, Feby., 1891) Mr. Waters describes some fossils with the same arrangement of the zocecia {Catenicella septen- trloiialis and C. coiiilmta) in Avliich there is a double row of zooecia in each internode. Under the former, he says that he has sjiecimens consisting of 1 or 2 zooecia, one with 3 and one with 4i, as well as another with a larger number in the internode (the latter, however, he considers may be another variety). The zooecia in C. septeu- trionaUs have much the appearance of those of the ordinary vittate species (Calop- orella) without the vittae. M.C.; M.; B.R.; C.C. (W.). Family Cellulariid.e. Zoaruim erect, branched, continuous or articulated. Zoa?cia all facinsr cthe same way, ni single or multiple series, or arranged around an imaginary axis-f — partly or wholly open and membranous in front. Avicularia, when present, sessile. Menipea, Lamouroux. Zoarium articulated, or rarely continuous. Zofficia bi- or multi-serial, oblong, imperforate behind. A sessile lateral avicularium (frequently absent), and one or two sessile avicularia (also frequently absent) on the front of the zooecia. No vibracula. 1. M. alternata, n.sp. PI. III., fig. 7. Zoojcia alternate, in two rows, elongated, narrow ; aperture (area P) elliptical, with a thickened, elevated margin ; five spines above and a slight projection on the inside for the articulation of a scutum or opercular spine ; lower two-thirds of area filled in by a thin, depressed calcareous membrane or plate ; lateral avicularia large, at the upper extremity of the zooecium, ojiposite the area, opening upwards and slightly outwards ; no anterior avicularia. Posterior surface smooth. M.C. 2. 31. lineata, n.sp. PI. III., fig. 8. Zoarium narrow, convex, consisting of two lateral and one central rows of zooecia, the lateral opposite each other and alternate with the ceuti'al. Zocecia elongated, very narroAV below, expanded above ; area large, oval, with a thickened margin ; a spine on each side at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the area ; a sessile avicularium in the central zooecia, below the area, with the mandible 24 A MONOGRAl'II OF THE TEllTIAKV TOLVZOA OF VICTORIA. oponiiii;- upwards niul to one sido ; no avicularia on (lie lateral zoircia. i'oistci-iorly the two lalLM-al scries ol' zoa-cia distinct, the median only indicated by a slight separation between the low'cr parts of the lateral zodecia. :\LC. (JnL^iit perhaps (o be referred to Cellularia. 3. 3/. cjyslallina, Eiisk. Edidki crys(allina, liusk, B.M.C., Pt. 1., \). 2S ; bl. C.P., 23; Jfeuijjea cryatallina, McG., P.Z.V., 58. Of this well-known recent species I iiad a single perfect internode from ]\Iuddy Creek, but it was unfortunately lost without a ligure having been di'awn. Senipocellaria, Fan Benedeu. Zoarium articulated, dichotonionsly branched. Zod'cia bi-serial, (juadrate, furnished with oval spines; a sessile aviculariuni at tin; u|)per and outer angle, and a vibraculum in a sinus on the outer and lower part behind. 1. .S'. eremilata, n.sp. PI. TTT., figs. 4, 5, G. Zoojcia six or more in an internode, elongated, lower part smooth ; aperture occupying from a third to a half of the front, contracted at the ujiper fourth ])y an eminence for the articulation of the scutum on the inner side, and a thickening on the outer side (for attachment of a spine ?) ; margin with narrow, thickened, crcnulated rim below the contraction ; a snuill, hammer-shaped scutum (mostly worn cjif) on a rather long peduncle projecting over the aperture; tw'o spines at the outer angle and one at the inner above the attachment of the scutum ; lateral avicularia large, witli pointed, upturned mucro; a considerable sessile aviculariuni on the front of the zotecium Ijelow the aperture. Zoan-ia ])osteriorly smooth ; vihraeular cells pyriform, lower part occupying the whole width of the zocecium, tiie groove oblique (not transverse). Ocjucia globular, adpressed. M.C. Waters in his pa))ers gives S. sc((bi-a, from Muddy Creek and Bird liock, without ligure or description, and i)ossibly (he present form is the one meant. It is, however, undoubtedly distinct from (Ik- living northern species of which 1 have excellent .specimens from Greenland. Caberea, Lainoarun.v. Zoarium continuous or imperfectly jointed, dichot.omously branched. Zoiccia bi-nudtiseriul, (juadrate. Avicularia, wdien present, sessile on the outer side or A MONOGKAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 25 front of the zooccia. Vil)i'acula large, ou the hack of the branches, biserial, each common to several zooecia. 1. C. grandis, Hincks. PL III., fig. 9. Caherea grandis, Hincks, A.M.N.H., July, 1881, McG., P.Z.V., 136. Branches rather hroad, ligulate. Zooecia multiserial ; aperture large, oblong, two spines on the outer and one on the inner angle of the marginal zooecia; one spine at each upper angle of the central ; a short clavate scutum on a thick pedicle projecting over the aperture ; a minute avicularium on the anterior edge of the outer margin of the lateral zooccia ; one or two avicularia at the base of the other zooecia. Ooecia flat, mitriform, with a thickened rim. Dorsal surface entirely obscured by the vibracular cells which are distinct, almond-shaped, those of opposite sides meeting in a groove in the centre. M.C.; B.; M. Living. Australia. Soiue of the specimens distinctly show the various characters given. None, however, have the large vicarious avicularia usually seen in recent specimens. 2. C. danciitli, Busk. PL III., figs. 10, 11>^ n^.^1^ A^.-^l-h-^^^ Caherea darmnu. Busk, C.P., Pt. I., p. 29 ; MacGillivray, P.Z.V., 137. Branches rather narrow. Zooecia biserial, elongated ; area large, partly filled in by a granulated expansion with a thickened crenulated margin ; aperture elliptical, over-arched by a rather large scixtuni ; one or two spines at the upper and outer angle. A small avicularium on the outside of each lateral zooecium, and a sessile avicvilarium at the base of each peduncular spine. Posteriorly vibracular cells much elongated, fusiform. Ooecia smooth. M.C. Recent Australia, New Zealand and Southern Ocean. Cauda, Lamouroux. Zoarium dichotomously branched; branches articulated, connected also by transverse chitinous tubes attached at either end to a vibraculum. Avicularia large, situated on a special tract on the front of the branches, between the rows of zooscia. Each zooecium with a vibraculum posteriorly. 1. C. fossilis, Waters. PI. III., figs. 12, 13, 14. C. fossilis. Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 322. Branches narrow. Zoopcia biserial, elongated ; upper extremity recedent, with a short, sharp process at the angles where it turns back ; aperture extending three- E /v 26 A MONOGRArH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. fourths of the length of the zoopcium, wide above, narrowed l)elow ; margin (including sometimes the whole anterior surface) crenulated and finely granular; a sessile avicularium at the inner side opposite the middle of the aperture. Ocecia glolnxlar, sub-immersed, turned towards the mesian line, surmounted by an avicularium. Posteriorly the outline of zooecia oblique ; the vibracular cells extending slightly beyond the niesiau line. BeloAv the vibracula a large pore for the attachment of a radical tu1)e. M.C. ; B.R. ; M. ; W.P. and C.C. (W.) Of this species there are two varieties. In the one, tliat figured by Waters, the aperture is very narrow and pointed below ; while in the other (f^i:^. 11) it does not extend so far down, and is rounded and not so narrow. 2. C. inormis, n.sp. PI. III., fig. 15. Branches narrow. Zooecia biserial, elongated ; aperture occupying three- fourths of the front, with raised, linely-creniilated margins, the upper end sliglitly retrocedent, but with no spines at the angles. No avicularia. Posteriorly the outline of the zorecia as in front, the vibracular cells with the groove extending beyond the mesian line. M.C. Of this I have only the fragment figured. It has a considerable resemblance to the recent C. friniis (McG.), but differs in the total absence of avicularia. It is possible, however, that other specimens may show them. Prom C. fossilis it differs in the form of the aperture, the absence of the superior spines, and of the internal avicularia. Plicopora, n.g. Zoarium in linear, uniserial, articulated branches, each internode consisting of a single zocecium. Zooecia broad, thick, greater part of the front oecujiied by an elliptical aperture surrounded by a plicated ridge. 1. P. (hjcdala, n.sp. PL IV., fig. 4. Zooecia broad below, nai'row and rounded above; aperture occupying the greater part of the front, the margin thickened and smooth, surrounded by a narrow plicated ridge ; a small round pore below the aperture and close to the ridge. Posterior surface smooth, with on each side at the base an elevated grooved ridge turning upwards and outwards by a sharp angle towards the middle ; towards the upper part is a large rounded opening, possibly for a radical tube. On each lateral edge of the zocecium inferiorly is a small, elliptical, immersed avicularium. S.P.; only two separate zooecia seen. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 27 Family Bicellariid.^. Zoarium phytoid, erect and continuous, or adnate. Zoa3cia continuous, loosely united or disjunct and connected by corneous tubes, obconic or boat-shaped, wholly or partly open in front. Avicularia, when jjreseut, pedunculate, capitate, altered in form or aborted. Beania, Johnston (Including Diachoris, Busk). Zoarium creeping- or loosely aduate. Zoojcia disjunct, connected by (usually) corneous tubes, erect or decumbent, ovate or boat-shaped, entirely ojien in front and filled in by thin nieui])raue. Usually a capitate, pedunculate aA'icidarium on one or both sides towards the upper extremity. 1. B. spinigera, McG. Diachoris spinigera, McG., P.Z.V., 36. I have a single s])ecimen of a Diachoris from Schnapper Point, in a Ijroken calcareous nodule, showing only the posterior surface. It is impossible to say to which species it belongs, but it seems to be J3. spinigera. Family Celi,ariid.e. Zoarium erect, branched and cylindrical, or quadrate, with the Zooecia arranged around an imaginary axis, or expanded lobed and bilaminate. Zocecia separated by raised margins, with depressed entirely calcareou.s surface. Orecia internal and opening by a special pore. Cellaria, Lamouroux.. ( = Salicornaria, auct.) Characters as for the family. 1. C angastiloba, Bu.sk, PL III., fig. 16. Ilelicerita angustiloba. Busk, Q.J.G.S., xvi., 261; Tenison Woods, T.R.S.V., 1861, p. 5 ; Stoliczka, Foss. Bryoz., Orakei Bay, in Palieontology of Novarra Exp., p. 155 ; Cellaria angustiloba, Waters, Q.J.G.S., Jan., 1882, p. 260. Zoarium consisting of compressed, ligulate, bilaminate branches. Zocecia hexagonal, in regular transverse rows, se2)arated by sharply defined raised margins, depressed towards the centre, surface finely granular ; thyrostome arched above, lower edge with a broad plate projecting ujiwards and two short sharp denticles E2 28 A MONOGRAPH 0¥ THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. projoctinti' downwards from the uppor margin ; lateral zoax'in more oliliqiic and Avitli the outer part produced as a wing'-like expansion of tlie thin edge of the zoarium. Avicularia on the extreme edge of th(! zoarium on separate areas replacing zooecia, transversely linear or narniwly elliptical, jioiiited at each side and Avith the margin thickened and tiucly crenulated ; fi'om eacli angle inlernally a slender, acicular, calcareous denticle or spine extending horizonially iuAvards. S.F. ; M.C. ; f?. ; B.R. ; C.B. Waters describes and figures the avicularium as having an internal plate with a sinus, hut this structure is in reality two intcnial nearly horizontal spines or sharp, elongated denticles. In one specimen there is a longitudinal series of several zooicia which are wider and have the thyrostome wider and shallower ; lurfortunately, the nppcr part of all these zoa^cia is broken off, so that no pore, if such exists, is seen, but they are almost certainly fertile. 'I'hc genus Melicerita, as pro]iosed by Milne Edwards and adopted by Busk, diifers only from Cellaria (^JSalicornaria) in having the zoarium com2)ressed instead of being cylindrical as in the latter, a character obviously of no generic value. 2. C. acutimm'ginata, n.sj). PL III., fig. 17. Branches conij)ressed, ligulate, bilaiuinate, with sharp edges. Zoa3eia alternate in longitudinal series, hexagonal or rliomboidal, margins narrow, slightly raised, siu'face dejiressed minutely granular ; thyrostome occupying the second fourth of the length, large, arched above, nearly straight or slightly projecting below, with two sharp denticles from the lower lip connected Ijy a slight plate, and two small shnilar denticles from the upper edge. S.r.; M.C. Readily distinguished from the last species by the dilfereot arrangement of the zotecia. 1 have not seen avicularia or ovai'ian pores. 3. C. contigua, n.sp. PI. III., fig. 18. Cellaria maloincnsis, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 821. Branches cylindrical. Zorccia contiguous in longitudinal s(>rics, elongated, usually hexagonal, margins raised ; surface considerably depressed, smooth or very minutely granular; thyrostome lol'ty, lower lip bulging forwards and upAvards, Avith two short, stout, sharp denticles. Avicularia intercalated between the zooccia laterally, mandible long, acute, directed u])wards. S.P.; M.C; B.; B.li.; C.B.; Belm.; W.P. and C.C. (W.). A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 29 I cannot agree with Waters in referring this species to Bnsk's Salicornaria malvinensis. The zocBcia are much elongated and disposed alternately in longitu- dinal series so that they are contiguous end to end, the upper and lower extremities being broad and nearly straight, while in C. maloinensis the zorecia are uniformly broadly hexagonal or rhomboidal, opposite laterally and distant longitudinally, tlieir extremities being pointed. The shape of the zorecia in this genus is certainly not a very reliable character, being subject to considerable variation in some of the species, but in the numerous specimens I have examined of the present form, and recent C. uialvhieiisis from Ncav Zealand, the arrangement is constant. The avicularia also are not exactly similar, the lower angles of the mandibles in C. malvinensis being sharper and longer. 4. C. australis, McG. PI. III., fig. 19. Cellaria Jistulosa, var. Australis, McG., P.Z.V., 49 ; C Australis, McG., T.R.S.V., 1884 ; C. Jistulosa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 319; Salicornaria clavata, Busk, C.P., Pt. I., p. 88. Branches cylindrical. Zoa?cia contiguous, much elongated ; margins raised ; surface depressed, granular; thyrostome a little above the middle, lower lip slightly projecting forwards and with two minute denticles. Avicularium occujiying a separate area above a zorecium ; mandible broad, directed upwards. Ovarian pores rounded. S.P. ; M.C. I have some doubt whether this, which is a rare species in the deposits, should be referred to C. australis or C. Jistulosa, in both of which the avicularium is of the same character, and which are otherwise closely allied. The former is usually larger and has the secondary branches rising from the sides of the cylinders. In the fossils I cannot see any marks of the lateral branches ; but as C. australis is a common Australian species, while C. Jistulosa has not, so far as I know, been found here living, I think it better to refer the present form to the former species. In recent specimens there is no difficulty in the discrimination, especially as the opercula afford very distinctive characters. 5. C. riffida, McG. PI. III., figs. 20-24. Cellaria riffida, McG., P.Z.V., 105; Salicornaria simplex. Busk, C.P., Pt. I., 883. C.perampla, Waters, Q.J.G.S., Jan., 1882, p. 260. Branches cylindrical. Zoo^cia rhomboidal, quadrate, or hexagonal ; contiguous in longitudinal series ; thyrostome in upper third, lower lip with a projecting plate 30 A MOXOOUAPU OP TIIL; TEKTIAKV I'OLYZOA OF VICTORIA. exciivated in the middle so as to form two stout, sliarp toeth, or Avith tAvo distinct teeth; two similar denticles from the \\p])cr lip, but situated more posteriorly. Avieularium replacinii' a zocecium, upper margin raised and ovcr-arcliiny, mandible very large and semicircular. Var. prrampla, AVaters. Zocecia elongated, (|uudrate or hexagonal, truncated abo\ e and below. Var. rfUHsta, fig. 21'. Branches sl(»nder. Zooecia very long, nppcn- part enlarged, lower contracted. Ovarian pore a narrow transverse slit. S. I'. ; M.C. ; 15. Ileccnt Australia. In tlie recent typical C. rigida the zocecia are exceedingly regular in tlieir shape, being almost uniformly rhomboidal, with a sharp angle above and below ; occasionally, however, they are slightly truncated. Characteristic specimens occur among the fossils. Tiu; form described by Waters as C. perampla differs only in the zooccia being much more elongated, with the ends straight, so that the outline is hexagonal or nearly ([uadrate. The avicularia also seem to be rather smaller. In the var. ceiiusta ilwAOCRCiSi are very long, the upper part being enlarged and the lower contracted, the latter part being occasionally extremely narrow. 6. C. fjracilis, Busk. PL III., lig. 20. Salicornaria gracilis, Busk, B.M.C., Ft. I., p. 17 ; C.P., Ft. I., p. 93. Cellaria gracilis, McG., P.Z.V., 49. IJraiiclies slender, cylindrical. Zocjccia distant longitudinally ; separated by narrow raised margins ; an inner raised ridge, wide and cucuUate above, less proiiiiiicnl and ronuiiig an angle l)elow, enclosing a depressed surface ; thyrostomc Avith tlic IdWiM' lip roundt^d and projecting forwards, with a minute denticle on each side. Avicularia on special cells, Avith the upper margin projecting forwards. S.F. ; M.C. Living. Australia. 7. C. divaricata. Busk. PI. III., fig. 25. Salicornaria divaricata, Busk, C.F., Ft. I., p. 90; Cellaria dioaricala, McG., C.V. I have a few small fragments Avhicli I refer rather doubtfully to this recent species, a full description of Avhich is given in the " Challenger " Polyzoa. They may, however, belong to C. hicornis or lennirostris, the descriptions of Avhich are also given in the same ])lacc. The discrimination of the smaller, and in fact of all A MONOGRAPH OP THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 31 the spocies of this £^enus, without the aviciilaria and chitinnus parts is so difficult that a satisfactory determination is frequently impossihlo. S. C. UiticeUa, n.sp. PL III., fii?. 27. C. oviceJlosa, Waters, Q .J.G.S., 1881, p. 321. Zooecia quadriserial, ovate, distant longitudinally, separated hy narrow raised lines, within which they are much and ahruptly raised, sloping inwards to the central part, which is much depressed, especially below the thyrostome ; thyrostome lunate, upper lip finely crenidated, lower much depressed. S.P. This is evidently the C. oficpJlosa of Waters, but I doubt the correctness of liis identification Avith Stoliczka's si)ecies, and therefore describe it as new. 9. C. dennanff, n.sp. PI. XXII., fig. 14. Zoarium consisting of long, thick cylinders. Zoa^cia alternate in longitudinal series, rhomboidal ; margins thick ; front depressed, finely granular ; thyrostome, occupying the upper half of the zooecium, semicircular, lo\v(>r margin straight or slightly convex upwards, with a conspicuous internal denticle on each side. Avicularian cells replacing ordinary zooecia in a series, than which they are larger ; opening for mandible broad, rounded above, occupying the middle third, its lower edge with a rounded notch, from each side a slight elevation extending outwards to the margin. Cape Otway, Mr. Dennant. I have much pleasure in associating with this species the name of Mr. Dennant, who is well known for his many valuable contributions to the geology of Victoria. It is notably distinct from any other species with which I am acquainted, from all of which it is distinguished by the very peculiar and characteristic aviculai-ian cells. 10. C. cucuUata, n.sp. PI. XXII., fig. 15. Zoarium cylindrical. Zooecia alternate in longitudinal scries, hexagonal ; margin broad, raised, rounded and sloping inwards, finely granular ; thyrostome occupying the middle third of the zooecium, subquadrate, narrower below ; peristome forming a thin, sharp, raised margin ; no internal denticles. Ovarian pores very large, occupying the whole of the front of the zooecium above the thyrostome. Avicularian cells replacing ordinary zooecia in a sei-ies, larger, the upper part forming a finely-granular hood arching over tlie opening; on each side of the large opening below a small round depression, with its thickened margin encroaching on the opening. 32 A MONOGRArn OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. Cajic Otway, ^Ir. Donnant. I liavc only a siiii^-lc specimon of this very interesting form. The thyrostome (lilfers from that of tlie other species in its thin raised peristome. The ovarian pores arc very large, when fully formed occupying the Avholc of the upper 2)art of the zoa>eium l)et\veen tlic peristome and the cell margins. The avicularia arc somewhat similar to those of the smaller C gracilis. Family FLUSTRiDiE. Zoariiim exi)an(led, llexihle, membrano-calcareous, erect, foliaceous, ligulate or spirally twisted round an imaginary axis, uni- or hilaminate. Zooecia elongated, separated hy raised margins; front entirely membranous, or partly filled in by a thickened calcareous lamina, Craspedozoum, 3IcG. Zoarium erect, in ligutate divisions, uni- or bilaminate, each branch bordered throughout its whole extent by a bundle of radical fibres springing from the bases of the lateral zocecia. Zooecia quadrate, aperture ])artly filled in by a thickened lamina. Ofjccia external. 1. C. rohoratimi, Hincks, sp. PI. IV., fig 5. Memhramporu rohorota, Hincks, A. M.N. 11., Aug., 1881 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. IS^; Crasi^edozonm roboratnm and liyiilahim, McG., P.Z.V., 177; Fliistra membraniporides. Busk, C.P., Pt. I. ; p. 54. Zooecia largely open in frcmt, the aj)erture partly filKnl in below by a narrow granular lamina ; a spine at each upper angle ; one or two sessile auricularia on romided eminences below the aperture. In recent sj^ecimcns the ooecia somewhat miti'iform, tlu> upper rim thickened, and a depressed area inferiorly. Al.C. ; W.P. (A\'.) Living. Australia and New Zealand. In I'.Z.V., to which I refer for full descriptions and figures, I described three species. Of tlu^se, Jiowever, C. rohoratum and C. lUjulalum differ chiefly in the former being bilaminate, the latter being unilaminate and narrower. These differences are scarcely of specific value, and I, therefore, now unite the two forms. The fossils Avhich I have seen are unilaminate. Hincks referred this .specie's, but somewhat doubtfully, to Mcrabranipora ; and Waters (A M.N.H., Sept., 1887) agrees Avith him, uniting also all my three species in one. C. sjncatum, however, is totally distinct in essential specific characters. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 33 Family Membraniporid.e. Zoarium membrano-calcareous or calcareous, encrusting and expanded and eontinnous, or in branched series of zooecia, or erect and nni- or bilaminate, or having the zooecia arranged round an imaginary axis. Zoo^cia nsnally (but not invariably) separated by raised margins ; front entirely or partly occupied by a large area, which is wholly membraneous or partially filled in by a thickened lamina ; ojierculum incomplete. Furnished with avicularia or vibracula. The division of this large family into genera is exceedingly difficult, and no satisfactory arrangement has as yet been proposed. In my Catalogue of the Victorian Polyzoa, I adopted the genera Pyripora, Electra, Bathypora, Mem- branipora, Amjihiblestrum, Biflustra and Cal(5chara as being at least convenient. The difl'erences, however, between Membranipora and Biflustra are so slight that I think it is advisable to include them in the one genus. Amphiblestrum, although sometimes difficult to clearly differentiate, has, I think, sufficiently distinctive generic characters, and I, therefore, retain it. I here include also the genera Farcimia, Selenaria and Lunulites. The last two are usually considered as forming a family by themselves, but in essential characters they agree with the other Membraniporida3, and in my opinion should be associated with them. In describing the species of this family, the area is the whole front within the margins, the aperture the part entirely open (in living specimens filled in by a thin chitinous membrane and carrying the opercular flap), and the lamina the calcareous or meml)rano-calcareous layer extending from the margins to the aperture. Meml)ranipora, Blaincille. Zoarium usually encrusting, or sometimes erect and expanded or cylindrical. Zooecia with the area occupying the whole front or with part of the zoa^cium produced below ; area entirely membranous, so that the aperture corresponds with its whole extent, or slightly filled in by a lamina. 1. 31. radicifera, Hincks. PI. IV., figs. 6, 7. M. radicifera, Hincks, A.M.N.H., July, 1881; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 262 ; Beania radicifera, McG., P.Z.V., 117. Zoarium expanded, attached by numerous radical tubes springing from the backs of the zooecia. Zooecia ovate or elliptical, very deep, with narrow raised margins, separated from each other by round openings which are more distinct behind, the intervening portions being six calcareous tubes uniting each zooecium witli six others (as in Busk's genus Biachoris, now merged in Beania) ; anterior F 34 A TuoNOGit.vriT or thi': tertiaky tolyzoa op victoria. extremity of zocpciiim elevated; usually two siin])le or furcate spines at the anterior extremity, occasionally absent, the anterior cd^c beinc; then wide and smooth ; on the marnin at one side a sessile aviciilariiiin raised on n broad process, the mandible directed anteriorly and the rostrum tcnniuiitiui;' iu a pointed, slightly-curved beak; on the opposite margin, nearer the oral extremity, is a conspicuous spine or process (frequently al)S(>nt), sim])le, furcate or branched. Dorsal surface convex, covei'ed ■with numcM'ous tubercles marking the attachments of the radical tubes. S.l'. ; ^l.C. ; ^r. A conunon living Australian species. This is a most iuteresting species, marking the transition fi'om Beania (including Diachoris") to Membrani])<)ra. I have previously included it in the former genus, with which it agrees in the disjimction of the zocecia and the (devation of their anterior extremities. The avicularium also, although subsessilc and fixed, shows a marked approach to the pedunculate foi-ms found in ]V'ania. I now, however, think that ou the whole it has moi'e intimate relation to Membranipora, and I, therefore, follow ITincks in referring it to that genus. In some of the Schnapper Point specimens there is no ai:>pearance of the avicularium, while in others from that deposit and Muddy Creek its situation is indicated by a long narrow space in the cell-wall. 2. M. iiilcriiicdin, Kirkpatrick, var. PL lY., lig. 8. 3Iemhr(i)tipo]'a radlcifcro, var. iiilermedia, Kirkpatrick, Proc. Poy. Dublin Soc, 1890. This species differs from the last in the avicularium being more prominent and projecting over the area, the beak being large, covered Avitli tubercles, and having from the lower end a Ini-ge branching, usually ceiwicorn process extending nearly horizontally inwards; tlie s])ines on the opposite margin usually branched. M.C. Living. Torres Straits. This agrees closely with the form describ(>d 1)y Kirkpatrick, the only difference being in the larger development of the avicularium, the base of which is also thickly covered Avith small pointed tubercles, and in the greater extension of the cervicorn process. Hincks (A.M.N.H., Dec, 1891, p. 179) suggests that Kirk- patrick's specimens may be the young state of Iliautopora ferox (McG.). My specimens, hoAvever, are undoubtedly fully develojoed. The avicularia are different, being more prominent and more erect. The branching processes from the base of the avicidariuna ai"e also more erect and distinct than those by the coalescence of which the perforated front wall of Iliantopora is formed, and in fact in one specimen they extend OA'cr and beyond the opposite margin. They are of the same nature as the branched processes or spines of the recent Australian J/, cerclcornis (Busk). A MONOGRAPH OJP THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 35 3. M. sti'iata, n.sp. PI. IV., figs. 9, 10. Zoai'ium unilaminate, probably encrusting or adnatc. Zcoecia very large, rounded or ovate, united in front, closely connected behind by very short calcareous tiilies ; aperture occupying the whole area, ovate, with a thickened, concentrically striated margin, which is raised at the distal end, where it is slightly incurved and smooth externally. Avicularia between the zocEcia, small. S.P.; M.C. Var. oi'bicnlaris. Zorocia large, nearly orbicular, the margin more prominent, smooth and not specially raised at any part. Avicularia numerous, situated between the margins. S.P. In this very marked sj^ecies the zowcia are very large and deep, united at their margins in front. Posteriorly they are convex, closely connected by calcareous tubes, Avhich are so short as to be in many instances indistinguishable. It is allied to M. radicifera in the tubular connection of the zoacia. Prom the presence in some specimens of minute pores on the posterior surface, it is probable that it has been attached by small radical tubes. The variety orbicularis ought jierhaps to be separated as a distinct species, distinguished l)y the rounded form of the zotecia and the absence of the raised, smooth, inturned portion of the margin found in the normal form. In some specimens, however, there are indications of this structure. 4 M. marginata, n.sp. PI. IV., fig. 11. Zoarium bilaminate, dividing into narro^v flat branches. Zooacia large, alternate in longtitudinal series, elongated with rounded angles, separated by raised margins ; a smooth lamina sloping inwards ; aperture elliptical, occupying about two-thirds of the area, with a distinct thickened margin. S.P. ; M. On the margins are a few obscure markings, which may possibly indicate the attachment of lateral spines. It is characterised l)y the smooth, highly calcified lamina and the very distinct rim round the aperture. 5. 31. elliptica, n.sp. PI. IV., fig. 12. Zocecia elongated, continuous and indistinct longitudinally ; area elli^itical, occupying the whole of the front except a small i^ortion below, with thickened, smooth or very minu.tely crenulated margins. S.P.; M.C. F2 36 A MONOGKAl'lI OF TUE TERTIAllY POLYZOA OF VICTOKIA. Uillcis Iroiu tlu" uext species in llie narrowness uf the zooecia aud the dill'ereiit form of the area. 6. 31. ci/closioma, n.sp. PL IV., fig. 13. PL XXII., fig. 12. Zoariiim probably bihunmate. Zocjecia kirgo, somewhat quadrate, but bulgmg at the sides, continuous and indistinct longitudinally, separating readily laterally ; area subcircular, occupying nearly the whole oi" the front, but in sonic cases a slight extension of the cell below ; margins slightly thickened, smooth and with a very narrow distinct rim within. S.P. ; M.C. Pig. 13, in PL IV., is IVoni an imperfect specimen and does not properly sliew the structure, which is much better seen in the figure iu PL XXII. 7. M. profunda, n.sp. PL IV., fig. li. PL VIII., fig. 2. Zoarium encrusting or bilaminate. Zocccia largo and broad, slightly angular, se]iarated by narrow raised lines, from -whieh the thick granular margins slope abru])tly downwards and inwards; avicularia situated at the junction of three zoa'cia, rounded above and straight below. S.P.; M.C. 8. 31. tiHicfunloma, lleuss. PI. IV., figs. 15, 10. (Jellana niacroslonKi, Peuss. Poss. Poly p. d. Wiener tert., p. Oi; 31einbj'aitipora mucrostoma, Waters, Q.J.G.S., Aug. 1881, p. 323; 31. coronata, Hincks, A.M.N.H., Feb. 1881 ; Bljlustra coronata, McG., T.Il.S.V., Nov. 1890. Zoarium erect, branched dichotomously, branches subcylindrical or (usually) flattened and bilaminate, occasionally crustaceous. Zoa'cia alternate in longitudinal series, elongated, oblong, separated by distinct narrow raised margins, a granular lamina sloping inwards ; aperturce lliptical or ovate, occupying about three-fourths of th(! area, margin thickened; a small sessile avicularium (occasionally absent) , placed transversely or obliquely, at the summit of each zocfcium. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. ; M. ; C.B. Living. Philippines and Australia. I am not ([uite satisfied that this is the species described by iieuss. It is, however, undoubtedly that so named by Waters, and I am also satisfied that it is identical Avith the 31. coronata described by Hincks from the Philipi)ines and by myself from Australia. 9. 31. actdpta, n.sp. PI. \'., fig. 1. Zoarium encrusting. Zocecia distinct, very irregularly arranged, usually elongated, elliptical or rounded, or occasionally angular ; margins, sharp, thick, A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 37 sloping abruptly downwards and inwards, strongly granular, the granulations arranged in centripetal rows ; aperture occupying almost tlie whole of the area, its edges crennlatcd ; avicularia very large, replacing zooecia, a granular and ridged calcareous lamina sloping iuAvards, very largely developed in the mandihular portion, where it occupies more than half of the cavity, much narrowtu- in the posterior portion, a stout arched calcareous bar dividing the two parts ; occasionally other smaller avicularia intercalated among the zooecia. Ooecia prominent, the proximal margin thickened and with a narrow raised band extending upwards. S.P.; M.C. This beautifu^l species is allied to 31. cvassimarginata (Busk), from which it differs in the structure of the oa?cium and especially in the mandibular part of the avicularium, being largely filled in by the sculptured calcareous lamina. 10. M. fjeminata, Waters. PI. V., fig. 2. 3Iembraitipora (jcmiiiata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 325. Zoarium adnate or bilaminate and branched. Zooecia elliptical, alternate or irregularly arranged ; margins raised and thick, Antli a series of about 20 spines ; a very narrow lamina sloping abruptly inwards ; a^^erture occupying almost the whole of the area ; frequently a slight extension of the zooecium downwards below the margin of the area ; avicularia (frequently absent) rounded, on the margins usually below and to one side of the zooecium. At the ui)per extremity, inside the apertiu-e, there is a sloping calcareous plate with a depression on each side. S.P. ; M.C. ; B.R. ; M. ; C.C. (W.) 11. M. dejyressa, n.sp. PI. V., fig. 3. Memhvonipora maorica, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 325. Zoarium usually cylindrical in Vincularia form, but occasionally broad and bilaminate. Zocfcia large, broad, rounded above ; margins thick and granular, with a granular lamina sloping from the edges to the much depressed centre ; aperture occupying about one-third of the area, rounded above, straight below, slightly contracted at the sides which are granular or crenulated ; avicularia intercalated among the zooecia in separate granular areas, mandible very long, pointed upwards. S.P.; Bel.; C.C. (W.). This species was referred by Waters to Stoliczka's Vincularia maorica, a determination with Avhich I cannot agree. Waters himself subsequently gives Stoliczka's species as identical with Eschara se.vanyularis (which he includes in 3IonoporeUa), to which he also refers T. Wood's E. clarkei, and proposes that the present form should be named var. minima or tuberculata, Q.J.G.S., 1885, p. 291. 38 A MONOGRAni OF THIi TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 12. JU. coucinua, ii sp. PI. V., fig. 4. Zoariimi l)il;iniinatc. Zoa-cia irregular in shape, rounded above, sejiarated by thick, raised, strongly-granulated margins, surmounted l)y a narrow smooth raised line and descending abrujjtly to the fiat granular lamina ; a})erture occupying about one-fifth of the area, extending laterally to the margins, flie lower edge straight or with a slight sinus at each angle ; avicularian cells intercalated among the zoa-cia, granular, the triangular mandible directed upwards. s.r. Distinguished by the ;>l)ruptness with which the margins descend to the broad, nearly fiat, granular lamina, and the width of the aperture which extends quite to the margins. 13. 31. delicatitla, Eusk. PL V., fig. 5. Bijlnsh'ft deUcatiila, Busk, Crag Polyzoa, p. 72; McG., P.Z.V., 57; Mem- bronipora dellculala, Ilincks, A. M.N. II., July, 1880; J/. 6«<;ar^/(!', Waters, Q.J. G.S., 1885, p. 286. Zoarium bilaminate. Zoceeia quadrate but bulging on the sides; margins granular; a granular lamina filling part oi" the area below; aperture rounded or elliptical, occupying three-fourths of the area. 13. Living. Australia. Var. acicidala, McG. PI. V., fig. 9. Biflustra acicidcda, McG., T.E.S.V., Nov., 1890. IJavitig a low of very minute acicular denticles projecting inwards from the edge of tlic apcrl lire. M.C. Livin"'. Port Jackson. 'a* lli. 31. mcarlii. PI. V., tigs. 0, 7. Bijlmlra savartll, McG., T.ll.S.V., Nov., 1890; f 3Iembranipora trij'olliim, var. minor, Hincks, A.M.N. 11., July, 1880. Zoarium encrusting. Zoceeia ovate or elliptical ; area partly filled in by a sloping, finely-granular narrow lamina ; aperture elliptical, occupying the greater part of the area ; zotecia extending slightly l)elow the area ; small avicularia, with the mandibles directed upwards, genendly placed on each side of the base of a zocecium. .M.C Living. Australia. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 39 15. 31. papyracea, n.sp. PI. V., fig. 8. Zoarium tliin, iinilaniinate and probably encrusting. Zonecia quincuncial, licxagonal but witb tbe up})or angles rounded off, separated h\ very narrow raised margins ; a broad, very tliin and slightly granular lamina sloping inwards ; membrane covering the aperture membrano-calcareous, but very tliin. B.R. A very delicate species, distinguished by its papery appearance. Parts of the covering membrane are preserved in all the zoa^cia as an excessively thin calcareous layer. 16. 31. porfragUh, McG. PI. V., figs. 10, 11. Bijlnstra perfragiUs, McG., P.Z.V., 57; Membranipora id. Hincks, A.M.N. H., Oct. 1884 Zoarium bilaminate, thin. Zocecia elongated, rounded above ; aperture occupying about four-fifths of the area, elliptical, its margins thickened and very finely granular ; the lamina confined to the lower part of the area ; avicularia as long as, but narrower than the zocecia which they replace, slightly contracted at the base of the mandible, which is long, broad and directed upwards. M.C. A common living Australian species. 17. 31. gregsojii, n.sp. PL V., figs. 12, 13, 14. Zoarium bilaminate. Zowcia large, very deep, rounded or elliptical ; margins thick, rounded, finely gi'anular; avicularia small, transverse, with long setiform .mandibles, situated on large bullate processes at the base of the zocecia. M.C; B. ; B.R. At once distinguished by the very peculiar avicularia. These are situated on large bullate projections at the bases of the zooecia ; the basal portion is very small, and there is a long narrow fissure, seemingly for the lodgment of a setiform mandible, extending transversely to one side. When the front of the bullate process is worn off, as is usually the case, there is left a large circumscribed cavity, the real nature of which would be unintelligible without a knowledge of uninjured specimens. Occasionally, in addition to the vibraculoid avicularia, there are other short and broad avicularia projecting into the bases of the apertures of the zoojcia. I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. Gregson, to whom I am indebted for the material I have examined from Bairnsdale. 40 A M0N06RAT1I OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 18. 31. fossa, n.sp.. PI. Y., fig. 10. Zoariimi liil.-iiuinatc, tliick. Zocecia indistinct, nari-ow elliptical, Avitli thick granular walls; aiuM-turo occujjying <|uil(' arly th(> whole anvi) looks as if punched out of a thick calcareous layer. 10. M. corhlrarr, n.sp. PL V., figs. 17, 18. Of this I have only two single zocecia. The upper portion is much enlarged, ovate or rounded, with a thick margin within the hase of Avhich is, in one specimen, a hroad internal plate; the lower part of the zoarium is narrow, fiat or depressed and mucli prolonged. S.P.; M. The zoarium has prohahly heen hilaminate. The inferior plate is of the same nature as the denticle or j)late found in some specimens of 31. dclicdlnla. 20. 31. ambigua, n.sp. PL VI., fig. 12. Zoarium hilaminate. Zocecia elongated, somewhat quadrate or nearly liexagonal; margins thick, raised, strongly granular, ahruptly sloping to the equally granular lamina, which is very much depressed anteriorly, where it ends in a hroad, nearly (piadrate, slightly iq)turned prolongation or plate Avith a distinctly thickened rim; aperture occujiying ahout a third or a fourth part of the area and reaching on each side to the margin ; avicularia intercalated among the zocecia, antei'ior extremity pointed and raised, tlu> sides granular and sloping to an elongated opening. S.P. 21. 31. bkJens, Busk, sp. PL YI., fig. 13. Membranipora bidciis. Busk, Crag Polyzoa, p. 31 ; 3Hcroporo hippocropis. Waters, Q..T.G.S., 1882, p. 264. Zoai'ium hilaminate. Zon^cia alternate^ in regular linear series, quadrate, (dongated; margins thick, granular ; lamina depressed, granular; aperture at the extreme upper (Mid of the zoa'ciuin, shallow, the loAver edge turned forwards as a broad denticle or plate, usually slightly hollowed in ihe middle and Avitli the margin slightly thickened. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEIITIA.RT POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 11 W.P. LiviuEf. Mediterranean. This agrees with Busk's description and figure, hut I donht whether it is the Cellepora Mirpocrepis of Hagenow. The cliaracter of tlio liroad plate on the lower edge of the aperture, which is similar to that of the last species, makes it prohahle that when hetter specimens are availahle, it will be found that both species should be referred to SterjauoporoUa or a new genus of which (S*. patitJa would be the type. Amphiblestrum, Gray. ,,,, Zoarium encrusting or erect. Area occupying the whole front or with part of ('^' ii the zoa?cium produced below ; area partly filled in by a niembrano-calcai'eous or ^^cium, and Selenaria by having some of the zoa'cia, scattered irregularly among the others, of a different form and furnished with vibracula. In the present pajwr I distinguish the genera by the structure of the zoceeia, a division founded merely on the arrangement of the vibracula bringing tog(!ther species structurally dilferent and separating otlu-rs in which the zoceeia are similar. Cupularia should, I think, be included in Lunulites. 1. L. parvlcella, Tenison Woods, sp. PI. VII., tigs. 1, 2. Selenaria ijai-cicella, T.Woods, T.Il.S.S.A., 187'.), p. 10; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. Ml. Zoarium nearly flat. Zorecia in radiating lines, broad, distinct; margins granular, sloping doAvnwards and inwards to the aperture, a large, granular slo])ing lamina below ; aperture occupying about two-thirds of the area, narrower above, slightly contracted in the middle ; vibracularian cells situated irregularly between the zoa'cia, narrow pyriform, very long, the margins sloping and granular. Dorsal A MONOGRAPH OF TUE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 45 surface with irrcyular flattened ridges separated by shallow furrows and having a row of round pores down tlie centre. M.C. ; L.B. ; AV.P. (W.) In one specimen there are some smaller rounded cells, situated at tlie base of a zocvcium or vibracular cell, which probably also support vibracular. '■■a- 2. L. canalicitlata, n.sp. PI. YIL, flg. 3. , .,,v. \ Zoarium discoid, slightly raised in tiie centre. Zooecia in regular lini^ajj. ''*' ^^<^ radiating series, with well marked Avide viln-acidarian tracts between, elongatecl^~y^ ' and somewhat quadrate ; margins thick and granular ; lower third of area tilled in by a sloping granular lamina; ajjerture large, occupying two-thirds of the area, the lower edge straight ; vibracularian tracts strongly granular, vibracular openings much elongated, narroAV pyriform, the edges cremdated from the projecting granulations. Dorsal surface with regular linear ridges, with a row of pores along the centre, and separated by distinct sulci, the ridges alternately wider and narrower corresjionding to the zoo^cial and vibracular series. L.B. This species is closely allied to the last, of Avliich it should perhaps be considercred a variety, the chief difference being that the vibracularian cells are arranged along distinct depressed tracts, which are also defined on the dorsal surface of the zoarium. The intercalated series of zooecia seem always to commence with and form a continuation of a series of one or two vibracular cells. 3. L. nifeUa, Tenison Woods. PL VII., tig. 4. LuimlUes fCup/ilar/aJ r/ffella, Tenison Woods, I.e., p. 7. Zoarium large, discoid, raised and conical at the centre. Zoojcia in bifurcating series radiating from the centre, mostly opposite, Avider at the base ; margins thick and granular ; aperture occupying almost the whole area ; on the internal sloping- surface near the anterior extremity are two large pits or ]wres and posterior to these two or three other smaller round pores ; vibracularian cells between the zocecia and opposite their anterior extremities. Dorsal surface irregularly divided by broken I'adiating lines. S.P.; B.R.; G. ; L.B. Jj. aperta, so far as I can judge from the figure and description, seems to be a worn state of the common form. 46 A MONOGRAPH OF TUE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 1. L. fjifonnis, n.sp. PI. XXII., fig. 13. Zoariiiui circular, slighlly raised in the centre. Zoctfcia in regular radiating series, distinct, slightly raised di.stally ; margins granular, sloping inwards at the sides; area in outer zou'cia entir(>ly open, in the central zoa'cia largely filled in by a depressed strongly granular calcareous lamina ; \ ibracularian colls situated at the base of an intercalated series of zoiecia between two zofecia of the contiguous roAvs, elongated, the opening roiuided pro.ximally and ex2)anded distally, with a sharp process projecting inwards from one side. Dorsal siu'facc concave, with radiating ridges, corresponding to the series of zotecia, nodular and with large central pores, separated hy narrow raised lines. Cai)c Otway, Mr. Dennant. 1 am indebted to Mr. Dennant lor two perfect specimens of this line species, in both, the marginal zorocia have the same structiu'e as those of the other species of the genus as here adopted. In all ol' those, however, occupying the central part of the zoariuni the front is largely tilled in by a granular calcareous layer formed by an overgrowth from the margins. 5. .'' L. anffiUojiora, Tenison Woods. PI. VIII., fig. 1. .'' Lnnulites amjulopora , T. Woods, I.e., p. 7 I have two small fragments, the position of which is very doubtful, but which may be referahle to this species. The larger piece is that figured. It has portions of three rows of quadrate cells distinct throughout their whole thickness. On one; asjicct (the front) arc seen tAvo zoojcia, slightly depressed below the margins, the surface being finely granular. The apertia-e is broadly triangular or sub-trifoliate, the edges distinct and the lower part with a thickened rim ; to one side are two rows of two narrow cells, each cell having a long linear opening dcjwn the centre, slightly enlarged helow, and Avith distinct smooth margins. On the other (posterior) aspect, the cells are uniform in three roAVs, smooth and each having a large opening, Avide and slightly arched above, contracting hy straight sides to the junction of the middle and loA\er thirds, where there is on each side a sharp denticle helow which the o^iening again contracts to form a bluntly angular sinus. These are probably avicidarian. Selenaria, Buslc. Zoarium more or less orbicular, convex on the frontal side, ])lane or concave on the dorsal Avhich is usually radiately grooved. Zo(ecia broad, ("X[)anded, arched ahove and usually contracted below ; margins thin ; lamina occupying greater part A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OP VICTORIA. 47 of the area, clej)ressed, slightly rising to the aperture. Vibracularia irregularly distributed or arranged in lines between the zocecia. In several of the species of this genus, the aperture is occasionally partly or wholly filled by a calcareous overgrowth which commences sometimes at the upper and sometimes at the lower edge. 1. S. maculata, Busk. PI. VII., figs. 5, 6, 7. v\- ,; \ 'i' i.ii"^. Selenaria maculata. Busk, B.M.C., II., 101; Waters, Q.J.G^.S., 1883, p. 44(>,v ^,^. Aug., 1885, p. 309; A.M.N.H., Sept., 1887, p. 201; S. olata, T. Woods, T.K..S.S.AV^_^^'^^.^r,^^ 1879, p. 11 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., Aug., 1881, p. 345. "- i--::- Zoarium discoid, elevated towards the centre. Zooecia in more or less radiating lines, separated by prominent raised margins, broad, arched above, contracted belo^", concave and finely granular ; aperture rounded above, the lower angles deeply incised so as to make the whole almost trifoliate ; vibracular cells largo, rounded, with distiuct nari'ow margins, cril)riform, encroaching on the zoarium aliove. Dorsal surface of zoarium with narrow, branched, radiating, raised lines, tlie spaces between the lines convex, granular and nodulated, and with numerous distinct pores. S.P. ; M.C. ; Belra. ; G. ; L.B. ; W.P. (W.). Recent Australia. The markings on the posterior ridges vary a good deal. They are sometimes entirely granular and nodular, hut there are usually numerous irregiilar pores ; occasionally (fig. la) these pores are large, very numerous, closely crowded and occupying the whole surface. 2. S. punctata, Tenison Woods. PI. VII., figs. 8, 9. Selciiaria pnuctafa, T. Woods, I.e., p. 9; Waters, Q.J.G.S., Aug., 1883, p. 440; A.M.N.IL, Sept., 1887, p. 201; S.fruestrata,ILti^^^■e\\, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1880, p. 42. Zoarium discoid, convex. Zooecia in irregularly radiating series, rounded, wider above, lamina finely granular, inferior and lateral parts depressed, rising to the aperture below which on each side is a large stellate jiore ; aperture large, rounded above, straight or slightly hollowed below ; vibracular cells large, with a distinct margin, cribriform. Posterior surface of zoarium with radiating convex ridges, with laige round pores, and separated by deeji furrows at the l)ottom of which are narrow raised lines. M.C. ; L.B. ; W.P. (W.) Recent New South Wales. Dift'ers from ^S". maculata, to which it is closely allied, in ihe large size of the zooecia and the two stellate pores below the aperture. 48 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 3. .S*. .sqiiawosfi, n.sp. PI. VII., tigs. 10, 11, 12. Solpiuiria marffiinifa, "Waters, Q..T.G.S., Aug. 1881, p. 311.; Lunulites iuilia, AV;it(M-s, Q.J.G.S., Aug., 1883, p. 442. Zonriuin small, discoid, slightly convex. Zorecia rounded or ovate, the margins tiiin, raised, sometimes slightly overlapping the zocecium heyond; lamina tinely granular, depressed inferiorly ; aperture lol'ty, ai'ched al)ove, holloAAed helow ; vibracular cells sm;ill, ii'regulai'ly placed among the zoa^cia, elliptical, cribriform. Dorsal surface divided in an irregularly radiating manner by grooves, between wliieh the surface is convex but not pitted or i)orous. Var. Iiicpiis. Vibracidar cells linely ])orous or punctate. Dorsal surface with irregularly radiating and branched grooves, tlie intervening cl(!vations smooth, .shining and glassy. S.P. ; M.C. ; Bel. ; C.C. OV.) Living. Australia. Var. ptiIchcUd, PI. VTI., fig. 13. Zorecia bi-oad, i'ound(>d m- lunate, very little or not at all oveidapping ; margins thin; lamina finely granular; apertui'e lofty, wider above, contracted Ixdow, the lower edge slightly convex and the angles slightly incised ; vibracuhir cells about half the .size of the zocecia, with a thin margin and tinely ])erforated surface. Dorsal surface of zoarium with radiating, dichotomously divided raised lines, the intei'vening broad ridg(>s granular and with a few pores. B(«l. I was at first inclined to refei- this species to T. Woods' >S'. maryinata, as has been done by AVatei's, but the description given by AVoods disagre(>s ^\ith it in several ])articulars and is so imperfect as to make the identification exceedingly doubtful. lender these circumstances I think it advisable to give the jjrcscnt species a dillcrent name. The vil)raeu]ar cells vary a good deal. They are occasionally very small, pointed, and with one to tliree or four seriated j)ores. These occur not only at the growing edges of the zoarium, but in .some specimens aLso scattered among the internal zoo'cia. They are usually about half the size of the zocceia, irregularly shaped, with a thin border and the surface tinely crii)riform. in var. litceiis the pores on the vibracularia arc very minute, and the surface may he only finely punctate. 4. S. conciinia, Tenison Woods. PI. VII., fig. 15. Selenaria conchwo, T. Woods, I.e., p. 10; Waters, A.M.N.H., Sept., 1887. Zoarium discoid, raised in tiu' coitrc, concave posteriorly. Zo(fcia arranged in radiating lines, lunate or semicirculai', not overlapping; margins tiiin, erenulated; A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAKY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 49 lamina finely granular ; aperture higlier than wide, the sides nearly straight, lower edge nearly straight or slightly hollowed ; vibraeular cells narrow, elongated, raised, a narrow slit with serrated edges in the centre closed towards the extremity, vibraeular pit large encroaching on the zooeciura in front. Dorsal surface with narrow, raised, radiating, dichotoraously divided lines, the intervening spaces nodular or granular with irregular or round i^orcs. M.C. ; G. ; L.B. Living. Port Jackson. At once distinguished by the well marked characteristic vibraculai'ia. I am not quite sure that Waters' species is the same, as the vibracularium has not quite the same appearance. 5. S. cupola, T(Miison Woods, sp. PI. VII., fig. Ik Lunulites cirpolo, T. Woods, I.e., p. 8 ; L. pefaloidos (D'Orbigny) Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. 442. Zoarium circular, subcorneal. Zooecia in irregular radiating series with deep vibraeular channels between, rounded and wide anteriorly and narrower behind ; margins raised and crenulatcd ; lamina finely granular, rising from the depression witliin the margins to the aperture; aperture arched above and contracted towards the straight lower edge ; vibraeular cells rather small, with an opening contracted in the middle by a process from each side, the lower edge minutely denticulate. Dorsfll surface concave, with irregular slightly prominent ridges separated by distinct narrow sulci. S.P. ; M.C; C.B. ; Bel.; Birregurra ; L.B. Very closely allied to D'Orbigny's Lunulites petaloides with whicli Waters considers it identical. D.Orbigny describes and figures the zoojcia as distinct behind, which they are not in our species. I, therefore, consider it advisable to take the name given by Woods. It is readily distinguished by the regular arrangement of the zoojcial series and the characteristic vibracularia situated Ijctween them. Earcimia, Pourtcdes. Zoarium calcareous, erect, branching ; stems and l)ranches composed of segments united by corneous joints. Zooecia arranged round an imaginary axis, with elevated margins and depressed area whicli is more or less covered in with membrane. Iliucks. H 50 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 1. F. Insoria, Waters. PI. VI., fig. 4. 3fembr(()ifpora lusoria, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 324.; 1883, p. 434. Zooccia altoi'iiate in lour or more longitudinal series, elongated; margins sliar|)ly r;iis(>(l. smooth; ;i|i(-rtur(' occupyiiig ahout half the area, expanded and round(>(l ahove. i-oundcd ])clo\v, narrower at the middle; lamina calcareous, smooth Avicularia large, elevated, sessile at the hase of a zocccium, op(>ning upwards. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. ; B.E. The avicularia more rcsemhle those of Menij)ea and Scrupocellaria than those usually found in the Membraniporidse. 2. F. articttlat«. Waters. PL VI., fig. 5. Mcmbraiiipora articulata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 264; Farcimia (qrpen- iliculala, ITincks, A.M.N.U., March, 1888; McG., P.Z.V., 178. Branches divided into distinct, articulated internodes. Zocecia quadriserial, elongated, surrounded by a raised smooth margin, somewhat pointed above and angular below, tli(> sides being straight ; lamina smooth, narrow on the sides and filling the lower iil'tli ; aperture round(Hl above, slightly contracted and straight below. A small avicularium on each side opposite the top of the ai)erture, supported on a lliick raised 1)ase extending obliquely on the side of tlie zoa'cium. At an articulation the internodes connoctinl by two tubes from opposite series of zooecia, between which the intermediate series are intercalated. M.C; W.P. (W.). Living, Australia. In recent specimens the zooecia are broader and the sides not so straight. For a full description of recent sjiecimens, including that of tlu^ peculiar avicularia, I may refer to tliose of llincks (A.M.N. H.) and the P.Z.V. The identity of the recent and fossil forms, already point(^d out by Wat(>rs in a paper on the fossil cheilostomata of New Zealand, Mould scarcely be recognised without calcining the former. F. ociilala, ]}usk, s.p. I'l. VI., fig. G, 7. Nellia ocnlafa, Busk, B.M.C., Pt. I., ]). 18; C.P., Pt. I., p. 27; Smith, P.B., Pt. II., p. 3; McG., P.Z.V., .51; Ilemhraitipora oc»/r//tONOGRAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. lower soiKuatcil l)y ;i usually porfovated calcareous lamina Avitli a lari^e variously shaped opeiiiny (opesia) at the anterior end and eontaining the polypide. Thalamoporolla, Hi neks. Zoa'cia with the anterior extremity of the calcareous lamina separating the two chamhers, having a narrow calcareous wall carried up to a level with the margin of the cell to which it is united, foi-niing an orifice which is partly closed hy the operculum ; on each side of it a large foramen. Ooecia external. 1. T. lata, n.sp. PI. VI., fig. 11. Zooecia short and hroad, lamina with numerous whitc-hordered pores and with, anteriorly, a large foramen on each side; opesia arched ahove, straight Ix-low ; a radially grooved hollow mamilliform process on each side of the opesia. S.P. A well marked species of which I have only seen the small fragment figured. The mamilliform processes are strikingly similar to those found in UiploporeUa and Thairapora. 2. T. rozicri, Andoin, sp. PI. VI., fig. 10. Mciiibfaiiipora Rozicri, Busk, B.M.C. Pt. IL, 59 ; Steijiiioporclla Bozieri, Smitt, P.P. Pt. II., 10 ; Thalamoporella, id. Uincks, A.M.N.U., Pehruary, 1887 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S. 1882, p. 505 ; A.M.N.H. Septemher, 1887. Zoa^cia elongated; oj)csia arched ahove, hollowed helow ; surface granular with a large ()l)li([ue oval opening on either side helow the ojiesia. M.C.; M. Living. Florida, South America, Australia, New Zealand, etc. The typieal T. rozieri has a small tuherosity on each side of the opesia. This is very ohscurely seen in the figured s])ecimen, hut is wanting in the others, in w hich respect the present form would agree with that descrihcd hy llincks (A.M.N.H.) as var. Indica. None of ray specimens have avicularia or zowcia. I'he ooicium in recent specimens is descrihcd hy Busk as glohose, carinatc in front. Steganoporclla, Smitt. Zorecia with the ahoral compartment divided into two chambers hy a diaphragm, the lower of which is eonncctcd hy a tubular passage with the upper and contains the polypide ; the Avhole of the upper part of the cell forming a large cavity, closed in by the o2)erculum and membranous front wall. Operculum very large. External ooicia wanting, represented by an internal chaiiil)er. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 53 1. S. maynUahris, Busk. PI. VI., figs, li, 15, 10. Memhranipora maguilabris, Busk, B.M.C. Pt. II., 62 ; Steganoporella, id. Busk, O.P., Pt. I., 75 ; Steganoporella elegans, Smitt, F.B., Pt. II., 15 ; Steganoporella maguilahris, McG., P.Z.Y., 13; Hincks, A.M.N.H., February, 1887; Waters, Q.J.G.S. Zoarium expanded, encrusting or decumbent, or bilaniinate and more erect, o]^:-''" ^ "'■"' cylindrical. Zocecia separated by thick raised margins higher anteriorly, quadi^^ ''^ ^v or rounded above ; lamina (separating the superficial and deei) chambers in recenii*C''>fT9'|;'-i>'^ specimens) much depressed anteriorly, closely perforated ; opesia large, occupying about half the front of the zooicium, semicircular ; a quadrate calcareous plate rising from the edge of the opesia and connected above with the tubular opening for the polypide, and having a squared depression or opening. S.P.; M.C.; B.; C.B.; M. A common recent Australian and New Zealand species ; occurring also in Florida, Japan, and South Africa. The fossils differ in some respects from the usual living form. The anterior extremities are mostly rounded, not quadrate ; the opesia in the ordinary zooecia extend quite to the thickened margin above, while in the recent there is a narrow, smooth, calcareous plate or shelf ; the larger (ovicelligerous) zooecia are squared above, and the calcareous lamina occupying the U2)per part of the opesia is excavated so that the the opesia is nearly triangular. In some specimens the zooecia are much narrower and the shelf on the upper edge of the opesia is distinct as in the recent. In the unilaminate specimens posteriorly the zooecia are distinct, quadrate, convex, and smooth. In one (fig. 143) they are separated by raised margins, and many have a conical hollow process, probably a modified radical tube. I am not sure that the specimen shown in fig. 15, of which I have only a fragment, l)ut which seems to have been cylindrical, does not belong to the closely allied S. neozelanica (Busk). 2. S. depressa, n.sp. PL VI., fig. 17. Zofficia indistinct, with broad flat confluent margins ; area broadly elliptical ; lamina much depressed, with numerous close-set pores ; opesia usually semicircular; a plate rising from the anterior edge of the lamina to the level of the margins, with a large perforation in the centre and a smaller rounded one on each side. M. 3. S. lateralis, n.sp. PI. VI., fig. 18. Zooecia arranged alternately in linear series, large quadrate margins, finely granular ; lamina moderately depressed, finely granular ; opesia occupying a thu'd 54 A JlOXOGKAril 0¥ TUE XEKTIAKY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. or :i foiirtli part of t lie area, witli the tubular opening fertile polyi^ide situated to one side. M.C. This sj)ecies is readily distinguished by the long nearly tubular polypide opening being situated to one side. At the bottom of the opcsia, in front of the tubular oi'ifice, are two rounded openings, possibly communication pores. The specimens are all in a single layer, but have probably been bilaminate. 4. S. palnlii. Waters, PL VI., figs. 19, 20. Micropora paiida, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 326; SteganoporcUa i)a(ul(t, I.e., 1S82, p. 2(55. Zoariuni broadly ligulate, bilaminate. Zooecia in regular linear series, mucli elongated, quadrate, the lateral margins distinct and crenulnte ; lamina depressed anteriorly, fiiKdy granular and perforated ; opesia occupying about a fifth of the area, having on the sides and above a thick beaded rim strongly projecting above and cucullate ; from the inferior edge of the opesia a smooth calcareous plate curving forwards and backwards and with a small round opening on each side. Ooecia taking the place of zoojcia, broad, flat, granular on the surface and opening into the zooecium below. Avicidaria on special tracts encroaching on the base of one zowcium at a bifurcation, and on the corresponding side of the preceding zocEcium in the series. S.P.; M.C. In the spt!cimen from which figure 20 is taken there are three ooecia. One; is similar to that figured, and another is mitriform. Pamily Mickoporib.e. Zoarium encrusting, or erect and uni- or bilaminate. Zocecia with distinct, raised margins ; front depressed, calcareous, usually covered by a thick epitheca ; operculum complete. Macropora, n.g Zoarium unilaminate and encrusting or bilaminate. Zooecia large, broad, front entirely calcai*eous ; thyrostome raised, semicircular or nearly so, not reaching the margins ; peristome thickened. I propose this genus for the reception of tAvo species, which it seems to me ought to be included in the Micropoi-idie. It dill'ers I'roni Micropora in the thicker calcareous front Avail and the thickened raised ])(!ristome. Waters includes A MONOGRAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 55 M. Clarhei in Monoporella, a genus to which, as originally defined by Ilincks (A.M.N.H., July, 1881) it certainly does not belong. 1. 31. centralis, n.sp. PI. VIII., fig. 3. Zooeeia broad, hexagonal, with narrow, finely granular raised margins ; surface slightly convex, silvery and very finely granular, with interspersed small, scattered, usually bordered pores ; thyrostome in the upper third but at a considerable distance from the anterior extremity of the zocecium, large, arched above, sti'aight below, slightly contracted towards the base and forming rather more than a semicircle ; peristome thickened and raised. M.C. A beautiful and distinct species. 2. M. chn-kei, Tenisou Woods, sp. PL VIII. , figs. 5, 6. Eschara clarkei, Tenison Woods, T.R.S.N.S.W., 1876, p. 2 ; Ilonoporella sexangularis, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. 43; id. 1885, p. 291. Zoarium large, flat, bilaminate and lobed, or foliaceous, with large, distant fenestra;. Zoa?cia hexagonal, distinct, with much-raised margins, the surface depressed and hollowed but rising to the thyrostome, finely granidar ; thyrostome large, raised, arched above, straight or slightly hollowed below, situated close to tlie upper extremity of the zooecium, with a thick, raised peristome. M.C; B.R.; W.P. ; M. ; Batesford. u Waters refers this to the Eschara se.vangularis of GoldfjBss and Ilagenow, and he may be right ; but as there is some doubt I liave retained Tenison Woods' specific name, the species indicated by him being clearly identical with that here described. The size of the thyrostome varies somewhat. Waters has found zooecial avicularia in an Aldinga specimen. They must, however, be very rare, as they do not occur in any of the numerous specimens I have examined. Pamily Cribrilinid^e. Zoarium encrusting or erect. Zoo3cia contiguous or disjunct ; front wall formed by a series of ribs, constituted by modified marginal spines converging to a median line, the intervening fissures remaining open, or forming grooves, or closed at intervals by calcareous cross-bars so as to form perforated furrows. The essential character of this very natural family is that the front \\a\\ is formed by the development and overarching of series of marginal spines which meet and coalesce in the centre. The fissures between the ribs so formed may remain 56 A MONOGRAPH OF TIIK TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. ponnaiuMitly opon, or Ix-conic closed tlivou^hoiit llic wholo extent, theiv situation being still marked by a snture or groove, or tbey may be closed at intervals by calcareous cross-bars or Iraheculoc leaving regular scries of openings or pores. Membraniporella, Sniiff. Zoai-iiuu eiicriistiiig or foliaeeous. Zocccia contiguous or disjunct; closed in front by a series of more or less consolidated calcareous ribs. 1, 31. disfaiis, McG. Membraniporella distans, McG., P.Z.V., 187. Two single damaged zooecia from Muddy Creek belong either to M. distans or the well-known closely allied European M. nil /da. The specimens are not sufficient, especially in the absence of on?cia, for satisfactoiy identification, but as 3f. nitida lias not, so far as I know, been found living in Australia, I refer them to the recent A'ictorian species. 2. M. tei/iiicos/a, n.sp. PI. VIII., fags. 15, 16. Zooecia ovate, distinct, se])arated by narroAV grooves ; outer part of anterior surface" sinnotli. middle ])art raised and formed by a series of 8-10 narrow ribs on each side eiulimi' in a narrow central ridge, the intervening fissures remaining open or partly or wholly hlled in by a thin calcareous extension from the ribs ; thyrostomc large, wider and slightly arched above, Iowcm- lip slightly hollowed and with a prominent denticle on each side ; thyrostomc of ovicelligcrous cells Avide, nearly semicircular, the lower lip straight or very slightly hollowed and without denticles. Oa>cia large, prominent, rounded, a vertical raised rib with a de]n'(>ssion on each side extending nearly the whole length. S.P.; M.C. The furrows between the ribs are in most of the zooecia filled in by a thin calcareous membrane along the centre of wliich is a partial or complete slit-like fissure which is fre(|uently closed, its situation being then usually indicated by a faint line. This species differs from the others of the genus in the exceeding narrowness of the ril)s and the more complete denticulate thyrostomc. Except for tlie al)sence of the; trabecuhc between the I'ibs and their great tenuity, it bears a considerable resem])lance to CrihriUna orhiculc. I am not quite satisfied that it ought not to be referred to Cribrilina, as I have an imperfect s])ecimen, which may belong to the same sjiecies, in which the margin, although narrower, is smooth, the front a little broader, the ribs thicker and joined by regular small trabeeukc and the thyrostomc of nearly the same structure but not so widened above. At the A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OP VICTORIA. 57 same time I have a single zooecium, which is undoiihtcdly 31. tenuicosta, in which the ribs are much more highly calcified and thicker and separated by distinct fissures throughout their whole length. Cribrilina, Gray. Front of zorecia formed by the partial coalescence of marginal spines or ribs, the intervening s])aces depressed and occupied by a series of pores or jjerforations, or more completely filled in so that the prominence of the ribs disaj^pears, and the front is occujiied by radiating or concentric series of pores. Cribrilina differs from Membraniporella in having the ribs united by cross growths of calcareous matter, leaving numerous iwrcs. The genus ought to be restricted to those species in which the pores, from being arranged in regular radiating or concentric series, show that they are formed by the partial junction of the transverse ribs. Species in which the anterior pores are simply spaces left in a general calcareous ingrowth from the margins of the zooccia ought clearly to be referred to genera of other families. s^ 1. C. orhicula, n.sp. PI. YIII., fig. 17. Zooecia wide, somewhat hexagonal, distinct ; outer part smooth, the middle slightly raised, rounded, closed by about eighteen narrow ribs on each side, the intervening furrows crossed by small trabeculre leaving regular concentric series of minute linear pores ; thyrostome wide, arched above, slightly narrowed beloAV and with an obscure denticle at each angle. M.C. This very beautiful species is at once distinguished by the broad, smootli margin of the zoo?cia, the number of the narrow costie and the regular concentric linear pores in the intervening furrows. 2. C. siiggerous, Waters. PL VIIL, fig. 8. Cribrilina siirjcferens, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 327. Zoarium very small, rarely encrusting, almost always bilaminate. ZocBcia ovate, raised, flat or depressed towards the centre ; about six or eight rows of short, nearly vertical, open tubes on slightly raised ridges, diverging on each side from the median line, and arranged so as to form also concentric series. In the furrows between the roAvs of tubes numerous distinct round ])oros alternating witli the tubes ; thyrostome small, semicircular. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. ; C.C. (W.) 58 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. A A'ory small spocios. Outside tlio raisfvl tubuliforous portion of tho zoopcium thoro is a nnrrow, smootli vim. 'I'ho tul)os of tho outer rows are consideraljly nioro elovatod, and aro sonictimcs pointinl so as to rosemhle inverted funnels, 'i'liere are frequently several small tuhes above the thyrostomc, and occasionally on the smooth marginal ])ortion of the zo(eeiuiii. Waters describes a short trianajular avicularium as occasionally siliiated above the thyrostome on one side. It is veiy closely allied to C. tiihiilifrra, described by Ilincks from Port Jackson (A. M.N. II., July, ISSl), in Avhich, howev(>r, (he thyrostome is much hirger. AValers records C. tiihnlifrrd from ]\[u(ldy Creek, but it does not occur among my specimens. 3. C. ra(Ji,ila, Moll. s]). PI. VIII., fig. 9. Cribrilino racVwIa, Ilincks, B.IM.P., 18.") ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 18S2, p. 20;') ; hi, 18S5, p. 292 ; McG., P.Z.V., 187. A Pull list of the many synonyms of this species will be lound in Ilincks' flM.P. and JNIiss Jelly's Catalogue. Zooecium encrusting. Zocecia ovate, a series of 7-12 ridges on each side, with intervening perforated grooves, radiating fi-om a median elevated line ; thyro.stome rather shnllow, arched above, straiglit below, usually with several spines on the* upper margin ; a round pore, sometimes absent, below the loAver lip, frequently situated in a separate triangular area ; a few scattered avicularia among the zorecia, with long, narrow, pointed mandibles. Ocecia galeate or globose, with a vertical or oblique keel. S.P. ; M.C. A common cosmopolitan species. 4. C. coyinihi, nsj). PI. VI IT., figs. 10, 11, 12. Zocecia distinct, ovate or subrotund, irrcgulai'ly arranged, very convex ; ten or twelve ridges on each side radiating from the centre, which has no distinct median line, the intervening grooves with large pores; thyrostome lofty, arched and expanded above, straight below ; peristome raised on the sides and above, with a stout, pointed ])rocess at its lower part on either side, directed upwards and forwards ; an avicularium (usually absent), with a broad obtuse or rounded mandible, project- ing from the summit of the zoocciiun. S.P., M.C, C.B., G. The specimens are all small, and most are portions of cylindrical branches. In some specimens the oral processes are not very distinct, and th(> avicularia exist only on a few of the zooccia. The ridges are occasionally vei-y i)rominent, the 1oa\ er edge of the thyrostome (formed by first rib) being then very thick and conspicuous. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 59 5. C. termincda, Waters. PL VIII., figs. 13, 14. Cribrilina terminata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 326; 1882, p. 507. Zoarium encrusting, or erect and nni- or bilaminate, or cylindrical. ZooBcia confluent, tlie margins smooth and usually raised ; surface convex, Avitli numerous large round pores (with a minute denticle on the inner edge) arranged concentrically and obscurely radiately ; thyrostome straight below, arched above and nearly semi- circular; several small rounded avicularia round the thyrostome, usually one or tAvo above and one or two in the neighbourhood of the angles below ; occasionally other vicarious avicularia, with long triangular mandibles, between the zoa-cia. Ocecia subimmersed, smooth, with a large pore (probably avicularian) on each side. S.P.; M.C.; B. ; C.B. ; W.P. ; L.I3. ; C.C. (W.) In the fertile zocecia, the ujiper margin of the peristome is a broad crenulated band, the opening of the ocEcium seeming to be above it. The small specimen shewn in fig. 11, which I was at first inclined to regard as a distinct species, I believe to be a younger state of the same, or at all events only a variety. The zocecia are nearly circular, the pores smaller and arranged in very regular radiating grooves. 6. C. dentlpora. Waters. PI. VIII., fig. 18. Cribrilina dentipora, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 320. Zoarium filiform, erect. Zocecia on one side only, in single series, each arising from the U2)per part of the zooecium below and to one side, directed obliquely upwards and outwards and springing alternately from opposite sides, so that the series is zigzag ; numerous pores, with a small sharj) denticle on the inner side, arranged in concentric series ; thyrostome nearly straight l)elow, expanded and arched above ; one or two large sjjines above ; an ellii)tical avicularium on each side of the base of the thyrostome. Dorsal surface of zoarium with a sinuous depression following the direction of the zocecia. S.P. ; M.C. ; M. ; C.C. (W ) 7. C. elecata, n.sp. PI. VIII., fig. 19. Zoarium very small, nearly spherical, Avith zocecia on the whole surface, and probably free. Zoa'cia nearly circular, with a series of 8-10 short, thick, Avidely separated ribs, rising abruptly and curved iuAvards to a thick i)late, having round its margin a concentric row of round pores and several others irregulai'ly placed within these, the anterior edge of the plate being straight ; thyrostome subcircular, with a sinus beloAV, sloping backwards from Lhe edge of the plate ; an avicularium la 60 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. at the summit of tlu- tliyrostomo, raised anteriorly and -with tlie l)lunt niandil)l(> directed forwards. s.r. The zoariuni is small and seemini^ly free. Tlie central elevated ])late is evident Iv formed by the fusion and extension of the marginal ribs. It agrees with Corbnlipunt ovnala in llie central plate and stout marginal ril)s, hiil otherwise differs in the structun- ol' the zo(eciuni, and 1 think there can be no (loui)t that its pro])er place is in Cribrilina. Corbulipoi'a, luj. Zoarium (M-ect. Zocrcia q\iadriserial, facing to the four sides, nuich elongated, calcareous, readily separating longitudinally, anterior part wider, raised, I'ormed by a scries of vertical ribs on each side, turning al)ruptly inwards and unijing lo form a flat plate; posterior j)art of zoceeia narrow, smooth and entire ; thyrostonie with the upi)er lip arched, thickened and smooth. 1. C. oniala, u.sp. PI. VIII., figs. 20, 21. Characters as for the genus. The number of ribs is 8-10 on each side, and at the angle of each, where it becomes incorporated in the horizontal plate is a small cylindrical protuberance. The oojcium is shallow, cucullate, arching over the tliyrostome. S.P. ; M.C. This species resembles Cribrilina elevata in having a central elevated plate supported on vertical marginal ribs. It dill'ers from the other Cribrilinidte in having the zocecia mueh elongated and readily separable laterally, although firmly united at the ends, as well as in their s'mooth extension below the part closed by the marginal ribs and ])late. It cannot, I think, be properly incliid(!d in either Meuibraniporella or Cribrilina, and I have therefore constituted a new genus for its reception. Paniily IIiantoi'ORID.t:. Zoarium unilaminate, encrusting or loosely adnate, or erect and bihiminate. Zotucia at first membraniporidan, the front subsequently closed in by a perforated plate formed by the growth from the margins of a series of branching calcareous processes, the extremities of wliich coalesce, leaving large foramina; th(> Xuw^'jf margin of the thyrostome thus formed thickened aiul entire or raised into a usually aviculiferous mucro. Dorsal surface of zoojcia convex in the unilaminate forms, with nmnerous calcareous or corneous radical tid)es for attachment to the object over which the zoarium throws. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 61 This family group has already been suggested by Hincks (A.M.N.H., Deceml)er, 1891) in a valuable criticism on Cribrilina monoceros and ILiantopora ferox, in which he points out the relationshij) of these two species and the real developmental structure of the perforated front Avail. Jullien (Cap Horn Bryozoaires, p. 62) places C monoceros under a distinct genus — AraclniopHsia — of which he makes a separate family. The characters on Avliich he founds both family and genus are, as Hincks remarks, only of secondary importance, and at the most of merely specific value. II. monoceros differs from II. ferox in having the zooecia in their early membraniporidau state closely united and not disjunct and joined by comniuni- cating tubes as in the last named species and probably in U. ludli. This junction of the early zocecia by membranous tubes is similar to the arrangement in many species of Beania (Diachoris) and several species of membranipora, and the attach- ment by posterior radical tubes shews a farther alliance to 31. radlcifera. Hianto2)ora, McG. Characters as for the family. 1. //. //(ill/-, n.sp. PI. VIII., tig. 25. Zooecia indistinct, alternate, very deep ; front Avail covered by a calcareous plate with large elliptical or ovate perforations, the anterior edge being entire, sharply turned forwards, and surmounted by a pair of slight eminences with small depres- sions (seemingly aAdcularian) on their summits ; the base of the zoojcium behind the perforated plate, smooth, with a transverse reuiform pore, from Avhich descends a short, sharp ridge ; a large raised avicularium, Avith long mandible, extending ou.twards from each side opposite the reniform pore to the elevation of the retiform plate of the contiguous zoa^cium ; anterior part of the zooecium much depressed ; thyrostome having a auinute avicularium above its straight upper edge, and a stout rigid calcareous spine on each side. Ooecium mitriform, immersed. Dorsally the inferior portion of the zoceciura much projecting, Avith numerous small conical elevations, ending in calcareous radical tubes. M.C. Unfortunately the only specimen I have seen does not shoAv the zooecial growth satisfactorily, the marginal zooecia being Avell calcified. So far as I can make out, the inferior reniform pore is formed by the junction of a small plate from each margin ; from the upper of these j^lates tAvo or three processes groAv forAvards and anastomose to form the perforated front Avail ; the elevated anterior bar seems to be constituted by a growth from the bases of the avicularia of the contiguous zooecia. 62 A MONOGRAPU OF TUB TEllTIAUY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. I have little doubt that the zococia are at first uiiitod hy connecting tubes as in the Diachoridan form of Boania and Mcntbraniponi radicij'cra. I have much pleasure in associating with this interesting species the name ol" Ml-. T. S. Hall, well knoAvn for his geological researches, to Avhom I am indebted for many valuable contributions. 2. n. monoceros. Busk, sp. PI. VIII., fig. 22. Lepralia monoceros, Busk, B.M.C., Pt. I., p. 72 ; id., C.P., Pt. I., p. lo3 ; McG., P.Z.V., 35 ; Cribrilina monoceroa, llincks, A.M.N.H., July, 1881 ; id., Oct., 1881; id., Dec, 1891; McG., P.Z.V., 187; Waters, Q..T.G.S., 1882, p. 507; Amch. nopunia munoceron, .TiilHeii, Caj) Horn Bryozoaires, p. 02. Zoa>cia indistinci, with numerous large pores; thyrostomc arched above, lower margin straight, or with a central pointed mucro ; a round pore, marking th(^ articulation of a spine, at one angle within the peristome. M.C. ; ]}.(AV.) A common living Australian and New Zealand species. The specimens are in a very imperfect state, but there is no doubt of the identification. For description of recent specimens see P.Z.V. To this I may add that in a very perfect specimen the posterior surface of the zoa-cia, as seen through the fenestne of a Betepore in which it grows, are furnished with distinct calcareous radical tubes. Z. n. ma(jiia,n.i^l). PI. VIII., fig. 23. ' ■ /, f'^'v''^'^ ZotLcia large, broadly ovate, sirparated by narrow, raised margins; surface Avith iimiierous large, rcmnd pores; thyrostomc wide and lofty, arched above, lower margin straight, with a slight mucro in the centre. Dorsally the zooicia are obscurely hexagonal, with fliin perforated raised margins, the surface smooth. The separate margins seen posteriorly may possibly be the bases of another layer of zocecia, the zoai'ium being reaUy bilaminate. M.C. I refer this species very doubtfully to the present genus. 1. II. Ucersklgei, Tenison "Woods, sp. PI. IX., figs. 21, 22. Eschum Ik-ersidgei, Tenison Woods, T.B.S.N.S.W., 187(3, p. US); Jlicropo- rella ferrea. Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 33U; var. porosa. I.e., 1882, p. 207; Macronella mmvonata. Waters, I.e., 1881, p. 328. Zoarium bilaminate, branched. Zocrcia iiulistinct, surface irregular; usually 3-5, occasionally one or two, pores of varying size, and mostly having a small, simple A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 63 serrated or fimbriated denticle on one side ; tliyrostome large, deep, widely arched above, contracted below, the lower edge straight or mostly developing a broad mucro, which may be smooth or serrated on the edge, frequently a small serrated denticle on each side internally, and occasionally one from the ii2)per lip ; zoa3cium raised round the thyrostome and having a variable uumlier of small, round avicularian pores on small mamilliform or tubular elevations ; small elliptical or rounded avicularia irregularly scattered over the surface of the zoarium ; on the edge of the branches, at the jimction of the laminte, a series of large projecting avicularia, with strong down-curved mucro, and the mandible opening downwards. Ooecia very rare, small, deeply immersed. S.P. ; M.C.; B. ; C.B. ; C.C. (W.) The appearance varies very much, according to the amount of calcification and number and size of the pores. The pores are usually 3-5 in number, of very variable size. In one form, of which I have several specimens, the zoarium is highly calcified, the thyrostome very large and deep, and there are a single, or occasionally two, large pores and numerous small elevated pores, most of which, if not all, are avicularian. I was at first very doubtful of the systematic position of this species, but the examination of specimens in which the growtli of the zo(Ecia can be traced shews clearly that it belongs to Hiantopora, as here defined. The first appearance of the zocecium is membraniporidan, with a large elliptical aperture occujiying the whole front, except a small portion infcriorly. The margins become thickened, and the aperture is contracted by two calcareous ingrowths on each side, which gradually extend inwards until they meet and coalesce. The upper bar forming the low'er lips of the thyrostome is generally the first to be completed ; from these bars other processes are developed to form the jwrcs and the oval mucro. As calcification advances the large pores become contracted or divided, some of the smalka- divisions frequently being obliterated. There are rarely fewer than three permanent pores left, although occasionally there is only one of large size ; and generally on one margin, usually the inner or lower, a denticle remains. The mucronate process of the lower edge of the thyrostome is often not median but developed to one side. Small serrated or fimbriated processes or denticles of varying width are also found on its sides, or occasionally on the upper part. Small avicularia are early developed on the margins of the zoa;cia before calcification is far advanced. There is no doubt of its identity with Eschara Urersidfjei of T. Woods, and I have therefore retained his specific name, .although his descri2:)tion is very meagre and unsatisfactory. 64 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAllY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. Family MiCROPORELLiDiE. Zo.-irimii ciierustini'' or erect and iini- or l)ilaniinat(\ Zoa^cia horizontal, calcareous ami destitute" of membraneous area; froni with a single pore or l)(M-forated \)\n\:c or with several pores opening into the perivisceral cavity; thvrostome arcluvl ahove, entire below. Ocecia prominent and external, or modihed Y.OiVC'vA. Tlu' ess(>ntial character of this family is tlie prest^ice of one or more pores opening directly into llie cavity oF the zooccium. Two groups, diifering in several points, but agreeing in the cnrdinal one of tli(> zou'cial pore, are included. In the one, containing of those here described, Microporolla and Tcssaradonia, the owcia arc of the usual marsupial form, and external. The other, of which Adrona (including Ad ront'll apsis) is the only genus, dill'ers chiefly in the ocecia not being external and distinct, but being internal and consisting of modified zocecia {(jonoecia of llincks.) It also dilVers in having, in addition to ordinary sessile avicularia, other Inrger avicularia developed in s])ecial cells variously distributed among the zocecia. These characters, however, although important and very interesting, can scarcely be considered of sufficient value to distinguish a separate family. The genus Adco)iella of Busk agre(>s with Adeona in having gonoecia and vicarious avicularia, but differs in having the pore on the anterior surface, when present, formed by a process from each side of the lower lips uniting to form an arch beneath, which it opens into the peristomial chamber in front of the true thyrostome. In the only species w^hich I have found fossil there is no pore, but other specimens may probably show it. I have referred Adeonella to the Schizoporellida;, to which this species seems to belong, as do also A. {Eschara) dispar (McG.) and A. phdidca (Busk), as well as several others, at least of the Challenger species.* Microporella, Qrmj. Tiiyrostoine arched nhove, straight below ; a single circuhn- oi' lunate pore {Irifjw of Gregory), or a perfoi*ated plate below the lower lip. Oa^cia external. 1 . 31. cUUda, Linn, sp. i'l. IX., fig. 3. Lppndm cilia/a, Busk, B.M.C., Pt. If., 73; kl., Crag Bol., 42; McG., P.Z.V., 37; Microporrl/H nil i(i/cting, graiiulo-puuctate like the .surface. S.P., a single zocecium. Tcssaradoma, Norman. Zoariinii encrustino- or foliaceons and iiiiilaminate, or erect and ramose. Zn(ecia Avitli the peristome produced and tnrn(>d forwards in a lii])iilar or sul)lul)nlar manner; a median tuhular zocecial pore (trypa). The genus Tessaradoma Avas originally proposed by Norman for Busk's Onchopora borealis, a sjjecies snbsecjuently included, as well as T. magnirosfris, by Ilincks in Porina. I have already (C.V.) proposed that those species agi'eeing Avith Porina in otJier res])eets but dill'ering in th(> anterior pore, ojxMiing dii'ectly into the body cavity shoidd l)e includcMl in Tessaradoma, while those in which the pore is extei*nal or pcristomial should be referred to Porina. 1. T. magnirosfris, McG. PI. IX., fig. 10. Lfipralia magnirosfris, McG., T.E.S.V., Oct. 1882; Tessaradoma, id., McG., P.Z.V. 175; Porina magnirosfris, Ilincks, A.M.N. II, Oct. 1881; MicroporeUa infroversa, Water.s, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 268. Zooicia indistinct; surface with numerous large rounded pores, excejit in the neighbourhood of the thyrostome; thyrostome arched above, nearly straight below; pcri-stome thickened and raised ; a large sessile avicularium on one or both sides of the zoceciuin about the middle, Avitli the triangidar mandible directed straight outAvards and encroaching on the adjaci'nt zocjecium. S.P. ; M.C. Living. Australia. *»• 2. T. elevafa. Waters, sp. PI. IX., fig. m ? IJschara efcrafa, Tenison AVoods, T.P.S. N.S.W., 187G, p. 118; Microporefla elevafa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. ;r30. Zoarium ex])anded, or lobed and l)ilaminate, or cylindrical, traversed by numerous anastomosing sharply raised ridges, inclosing angular depressed spaces in which are several irregularly shaped pores; usually one of these ridges surrounding the thyrostome; thyrostome (secondary) Avith the peristome thick, tubular and directed vertically forAvards ; usually several pores round the base of the peristome and opening into its chamber; a zocecial jiore (jiot ahvays distingiush- able externally from the other pores) some distance below the thyrostome; numerous rounded avicularia, Avith the mandibular transverse bai- avcU marked at the anas- A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 67 tomoses of the ridges. Seen from behind, the zoa'cia are much elongated, narrow ; the thyrostome is rounded above, straight below, and there is the opening of a zoo3cial pore, sometimes of considerable size, at other times quite small. S.P. ; M.C. ; C.C. and B. (W.) Judging from the very impcn-fect description and iigure given by Mr. Woods, I cannot see any reason for identifying this with his J^schara elccala, and I therefore quote Waters as the authority for the name. ( Adeona, Lamouroiix. Zoarium rarely encrusting, usually erect and bilaminate, entire or fenestrate. Zoo3cia with the thyrostome subcircular or straight below ; zowcial i)ores single or clustered. In addition to the ordinary sessile avicularia usually found in the neighbourhood of the thyrostome and on other jjarts of th(; zoo3cium, are other larger avicularia on special cells. Oojcia internal, consisting of modified zooecia (gonoecia of Hincks.) In this genus there are two groups of species, the one containing the Adeoiue of Lamom'oux, being attached by a slightly flexible stem composed of a mass of radical tubes more or less calcified, the other, for Avhich I have previously proposed a genus Adeoiiellopsis, having the zoarium attached by a rigid base. The species of the former group are all, with the exce^jtion oi A. foliacea (Lamx.), fenestrate, Avhile in the latter the zoarium is continuous and branched or lobed. The difference in the mode of attachment is perhaps scarcely of generic value, and I therefore now combine both groups as sections of the one genus. *Zoarium attached by a flexible stem, composed of partially calcified radical tubes. {Adeona, Lamouroux.) 1. A. (jrisea, Lamx. PI. IX., fig. 5. Adeona grisea, Lamx., P.C.F., Ibl ; Kircheupauer, Ueber die Adeona, 9; McG., C.V. ; Dictyopora griisca, McG., P.Z.Y., 60; M'wroporella grisea, form Adeona, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1885, \). 2yj<. Zoarium expanded, erect, bilaminate, fenestrate ; edges of fenestrse bordered by large, rounded, pitted or granular nodules. Zorecia ovate, surface pitted ; thyrostome subcircular ; a small, deej) pit in the centre of the zoteciimi, from which a short, rather broad, avicularium extends obliquely upwards and outwards, the point reaching to immediately below the thyrostome to one side. VVf.t •^ 68 A MONOGRAl'II OF THE TERTIARY TOLYZOA OF VICTORIA. S.P. ; -M.C. Living. Australia. Vur. liitenliyitala, fig. 6. Zooecia irregular in shape, sejiaratcvl by sinuous divisions, the lohes or ]irocesses from contiguous zod'cia frequently interdigitating. S.P. 2. A. cellulosa, McG. PL IX., fig. 4. Blclyopora cellulosa, McG., P.Z.V., 17 ; Adeona cellulosa, Kirclienpauer, Ucber die Adeona, 10 ; McG., C.V. ; Microporella cellulosa, form Adeona, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. 437. Zoarium expanded, bilaminate, fenestrate, proliferous and cavernous (recent specimens) ; edges of the fenestra" ^vith pitted or granular nodules. A large avicularium in front, with the mandible long, directed upwards and outwards, and reaching half-way up the side of the thyrostome. S.]'. Living. Australia. One or two imperfect fragments seem referable to this species. A. grisea and eellnlosa are very closely allied. The only difference in the zocteia is that in tlie former th(> avicularian mandibles are shorter and do not extend up the side of the thyrostome as they do in the latter. The fossil specimens are only small fragments, and do not shew the structure of the zoarium. This, hoAvever, in recent specimens is so different in the two forms that in my opinion they must be considered to be specifically distinct. In A. grisea the zoarium is broad, flabelliforin and flat, not convoluted, and in all the specimens I have seen consists of a single plate. Kirchen})auer, however, says that it is sometimes proliferous. In A. cellulosa it is mucli larger, jjrolilVrous, and forming large cavernous cells. The colour, which in this genus is a character of some value, is dark grey or nearly black in the former, while in the latter it is In-own, of a rather light tint. **Zoarium attached by a rigid base. (Adeoiiellops/x, ]\1 cG.) 3. yl. ohliqua, n.sp. PI. IX., figs. 7-11. Microporella violacea, xav.Jissa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 829. Zoarium erect, bilaminate, divided into flat lobes. Zooecia arranged in oblique series directed from the centre outwards on either side, ovate ; surface round the margins punctured ; a depression in the centre, Avith a small pore (try])a), Avhich is seen posteriorly as a linear denticulate fissure ; an elevation on oiu' or occasionally on both sides (one then not so conspicuous) below the thyrostome ; thyrostome A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEKTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 69 subcii'culav or straiglit below, pei'istome above projecting forwards. A large avicularium cxtoiuling from the trypa obliquely to one side, the point situated opposite the middle of the thyrostome. Var. tumicla. Zoojcia short and broad ; trypa roiuid both anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral elevations more prominent and nodular or mamilliform; avicularia proportionally shorter and wider, and not extending so much to the side of the thyrostome. S.P. ; M.c!; B.R. ; C.B. ; Belm. ; G. Var. iuiiuda, L.B. Occasionally there is an additional small avicularium at the base of the zooecia. The lateral elevations are usually smooth, but are sometimes punctured. In some specimens the base of the depression for the mandibles has two sharp prolongations or denticles. On the edge of the zoarium is a series of avicularia with the mandibles pointing downwards. Waters refers this species to Ilicroporella fissa of Hincks (A.M.N.H., Nov., 1880), but although the species arc.' evidently allied, I cannot agree with him in liis determination. 4. A. mucronata, McG. PL IX., figs. 13, 14 E. mucronata, McG., P.Z.V., 18 ; llicroporella coscinopJwra, var. armatas, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 331 ; id., A.M.N.H., July, 1S8U ; Eschara salcata, Milne Edwards, sur les Eschares, -13. Zoarium occasionally crustaceous, but mostly erect, expanded, bilaminate and variously divided or lobed. Zorecia ovate, elongated, distinct ; surface usually sulcatc close to the margins, with small perfoi'ations in the grooves ; a deep depres- sion, with a cluster of stellate pores about the middle of the zooccium ; thyrostome arched above, slightly hollowed below ; an avicularium below the thvrostome, with the long narrow triangular mandible directed straight or occasionally obliquely upwards to the lower lip of the thyrostome ; frequently an additional avicularium towards the base of the zocecium below the perforated area, and rarely another on one or both sides of the thyrostome. S.P. ; M.C. ; Bel.; C.C. (W.) Living. Australia. Waters considers this form to be a variety of E. coscinophora of Reuss. In recent specimens there is a considerable amount of variation in the mode of growth and foi*m of the zoarium, as well as in the size of the zooecia and the number and situation of the avicularia. In T.ll.S.V., 1885, I described several forms as distinct species, of which, however, A. foliacea, A. latipuncta, and A. australis ought probably rather to be considered as varieties of the present species. 70 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAEY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 5. A. symmetrica, Waters, sp. PI. IX., fig. 12. Mivroporella symmetrica, Waters. Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 332. Zoarium erect, very narrow, bilamiuate. Zocx3cia ovate, convex, distinct, the anterior part projecting forwards; surface smooth or minutely granular; usually a row of small pits or pores round the margin ; a very large elliptical depression with two or rarely three rows of stellate pores ; thyrostome arched above, straight or slightly hollowed helow ; on each side below the thyrostome an avicvdarium with the mandilde directed obliquely upwards and inwards and reaching the level of the lower lip. S.F.; M.C. ; B. ; B.R. ; Orphanage Hill, Geelong; C.C. and W.P. (W.). 6. A. clacata, Stoliczka, sp. PL IX., figs. 15-18. Fliisfrella clavata, Stol. Foss. Bryoz. der Orakei Bay, 139 ; .'' Esahara UchonoidcH, Busk, B.M.C., Pt. II., p. 90 (not Milne Edwards); Microporella clacata. Waters, (^J.G.S., 1881, p. 332 ; M. yarraensis, Waters. I.e., 1881, p. 31, and 1882, p. 207 ; Adconellopsis parcipuncta, McG., T.R.S.V., 1885. Zoariimi forming narrow bilaminate branches. Zocucia separated by narrow raised lines, ovate, elongated, anterior extremity raised ; a smooth nodular enlarge- ment on one or l)oth sides (occasionally absent) ; thyrostome rounded above ; two rounded pores (avicularian) below the thyrostome ; anterior surface rarely convex and entire, usually depressed with a single pore or cluster of small stellate pores. S.P. ; M.C. ; B.R. ; C.C, B. and W.P. (W.). Living. Australia. This is a very variable species. Sometimes there is a single suboral round pore, and in the form descri1)ed as A. yarraensis by Waters there are three in a triangular space. The front of the zoa-cium is occasionally convex and without depression, in which case there are usually no zoo'cial pores, but in one convex specimen there are clusters of three or four small stellate pores. In one of the specimens Avith depressed front there is a vertical row of two or three round pores ; in many there is a single large entire pore ; while again there is frequently a cluster of small stellate pores. There is occasionally a pore, no doubt avicularian, at the base of the zoreeia. These dilfereut forms occur in various combinations, and there are frequently several in the same specimen. An examination of calcined specimens of A. parcipnucta sliews it to be identical with the present species and that the suboral marks are avicularian. Family Lepraliida?. Zoarium crustaceous, or erect and uni- or bilaminate or (U;ndroid or cylindrical. Zocjocia horizontal, calcareous and destitute of membranous area, entire or variously A JIONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 71 punctured, but without special pores ; thyrostome rouiuled al)ove, without special development of the peristome. Ocecia external. Lepralia, Johnston. Zocecia usvially closely united to each other ; thyrostome semicircular or horse- shoe-shaped, usually slightly contracted at the sides ; the lower margin straight, or slightly hollowed, or convex upwards, generally a small, sharp denticle on each side at or above the angle. 1. L. ahdita, u.sp. PI. X., fig. 1. Zoarium encrusting. Zoa'cia quadrate or oJDScurely hexagonal, nearly flat, with a row of small, deep areolae along the distinct raised margins ; thyrostome A\ade, straight below, with a small denticle at each angle. Ocecia round, prominent, at the base of the zooecia, without external opening. S.P. The ocecia are very peculiar, being situated at the base of the zocecia above the raised lower margin, and having no external opening. The zocecium below has no thyrostome. It is, however, possible that the closure of these zocecia may be abnormal, and that other specimens may shew the usual structure. In Cellepora abdita the ocecia have a similar structure. 2. L. qtiadmta, McG. PI. X., figs. 2, 3. Esehani quadrata, McG., P.Z.V., 48; Leprcdia, id., C.V. Zoarium erect, foliaceous, uni- or bilaminate. Zooecia usually in linear series, elongated, quadrate, slightly convex or nearly flat, with numerous rounded pits or pores ; thyrostome rounded above, contracted below, the lower lip arched upwards, a sharp denticle at each angle ; avicularia short, broadly spatulate, very rare in the fossils. Ocecia large, perforated. M.C. ; B. Living. Australia. Most of the fossil specimens are unilaminate, but they are of small size, and I believe this condition is owing to the splitting of the layers. The zocecia in recent specimens are separated by raised margins, absent, however, in almost all the fossils. The distinctness of the pits or pores varies. The avicularia seem to be very rare in the fossils, the only one I have seen being that shewn in fig. 3. In recent specimens they are frequently found on each side of a thyrostome below an ocecium. The ocecia are porous or pitted like the zooecia, and may be traversed by raised lines. The oral denticles are not always visible even in recent specimens. 72 A MONOGKAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTOUIA. 3. L. rectUineata, Hincks. PI. X., fig-. 4. Lcpralia rcciU\noala. ITincks, A.M.N.H., Oct., 1881; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1887, p. 60. Zoarium encrustiuL;-. Zoa>cia, large, distinct, ovate, convex ; a row of linear pores along the margins, Avitli occasionally others internally, numerous shorter pores at the sides of and above the thyrostome ; thyrostome large, rounded above, contracted below, the lower lip arched upwards, a sharp denticle on each side above the angle ; an elliptical avicularium, with the mandible directed downwards and outAvards on each side below the thyrostome. M. Living. New Zealand. This seems to be identical with Hincks' species, although the thyrostome differs slightly and the pores are somewhat differently arranged. There seems to have been a row of pores along the ujoper edge of the thyrostome. 4. L. siihimmersa, McG. PI. X., figs. 5, 6. Lepralid siihimmersa, McG., P.Z.V., 35; llincks, A.M.N.H., Oct., 1884; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1885, p. 299. Zoarium crustaceous. Zoa-cia large, not much eleA'ated, with narrow raised margins ; surface with numerous small round pores ; thyrostome large, the lower lip slightly hollowed and an internal denticle at each angle ; an elliptical transverse avicularium on the middle of the lower lip. Ooecia rou.n{lcd, subimmersed. B. ; M. Living. Australia. 5. L. pertusa, Esper, sp. PI. X., fig. 8. Lepralia pertusa, Busk, B.M.C., XL, p. 80 ; Hincks, B.M.P., 305 ; Escarelta pertusa, Smitt, Ploridan Bryozoa, 11, 55. Zoarium crustaceous. Zocecia ovate, very convex, arranged in linear series separated by very narrow raised margins ; surface with numerous small round pores ; thyrostome widely arched above, contracted toAvards the lower lip, wliich is straight or slightly hollowed, a small denticle at each angle ; peristome slightly raised above, thin. M.C. Living. Europe, North America, Australia. The species described and figured in P.Z.Y. is not the present, but L. pallasiana. G. L. nodidosa, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 9. Lepralia cleklosfoma, var. rotunda, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 336. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAKY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 73 Zoarium encrusting. Zocpcia small, subrotund, distinct, convex, covered with large granulations or nodules; thyrostome nearly circular, with a small sharp denticle on each side giving the appearance of a wide sinus ; a small, round or elliptical avicularium on a prominent elevation to one side of the thyrostome. M.C. ; B.E. Living. Australia. This seems to he the form considered by Waters as a variety of Smitt's L. clridostoma, and, if so, is probably identical also with that described by Hincks I as the same species, var. orbicularis (A.M.N.H., Aug., 1881), dredged abundantly by Captain CaAvn Warren in Bass's Straits. So far, however, as I can judge from Smitt's description and figures, they appear to me to be totally distinct species. 7. L. prceclara, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 14. ZocEcia wider in the middle so as to be nearly hexagonal, separated by narroAV raised margins immediately within which is a row of small round pores ; surface smooth and hyaline ; thyrostome large, expanded and rounded above, the lower lip slightly hollowed, and having a small sharp denticle at each angle ; an avicularium on a slight elevation below the thyrostome, situated mesially or to one side. Ooccia large, prominent, flattened in front, the circumference smooth, the central part with numerous small concentrically arranged pores. B.E. 8. L. perforata, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 15. Zoarium unilaminate, probably crustaceous. Zocecia broad, separated by narrow raised margins ; surface smooth, with numerous round pores, mostly in two rows round the sides, leaving the central part eiitire ; thyrostoiue large, arched above, the lower edge straight, and with a minute denticle at each angle; a slight swelling of the zoojcium immediately below the thyrostome, supporting a small avicularium. S.P. 9. L. elongata, n.sp. PI. X., figs. 12, 13. Lcpraliafoliacea, Waters, Q.T.G.S., 1882, p. 269 and 508. Zoarium bilaminate. Zocecia in linear series, much elongated, with narrow raised margins, immediately within which is a row of small round pores ; surface smooth ; thyrostome large, rounded above, lower lip nearly straight or sliglitly hollowed, a sharp denticle on each side ; a small avicularium immediately below the thyrostome, either in the middle line or a little lower, and to one side. M.C. ; B. ; M. tcrnot'-i^ 74 A MONOGRAPH OF TIIK TEltTTAltY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. WatcM-s fii^im^s this spocios From Moiiiil (i;iml)i('r, rclcrring it to tlic Eiiro})(\in L.foliacca. In liis l^aimsdale paper lie says it may possibly liavo to be specifically se))arated. Jiuli^'iiiL;' IVoiii the descriptions and tlie specimens of L./oUdCoa T have examined, I see no reason foi' rel'eri'ing' it to that sjiecies, and tliend'ore describe^ it as n(>w. 10. L hrhrhila, Waters, sp. PI. VIII., fig. 7. 3Iouoporpllo hoholitlu. Waters, (,).J.G.S., 1SS2, p. 271. /oniiiim unilaminate, ])rol)ably encrusting. Zoo)cia distinct, rounded, with numerous lai'ge, close, round pores ; thyrostonn^ arched aboA-e, contracted Ixdow, the lower lip sti'aight, a small internal denticle at each angle, and several s])ines on the up])er margin ; a ])ore or depression, seemingly avicularian, on <'acli side of the thyrostome. Posterior surface having the zorecia indistinct, with nunu^rous small perforated tubercles probably for the attachment of i-adical tubes. M. The specimen figured does not shew the internal denticles of the thyi'ostonie, l)ut ill andlher they are distinct. The form of the thyrostome and the pr(>sene<> of th(> denticles shew that it should be referred to Lepralia. 11. L. craasathxi, Waters, sj). PI. VIII., fig. 4. MonoporclUi crasHarnia, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 18S2, p. 270. Zoarium bilaminate. Zocecia distinct, separated by grooves, the margins occasionally very slightly rais(>d, more or less hexagonal, surface with numerous i-ather small pores; thyrostome large, rounded above, straight below, situated a littl(> below the upper extremity of the zo(eci\im ; peristome slightly thickened. M.C. ; M. Living. New Zealand. There may be some doubt as to the i)roper systematic position of this sjiecies. On the whole it seems to me to belong to Lepralia. Waters places it and the last s])ecies, as well as Macpopora c'arkf'i, in Alonoporella, a genus propos(>d by Ilincks for th(> r(>ception of two species fi-om Bass's Straits, M. nod idifera and ]\l. Icp'nla, to which lie subsec^uently added M. olbicans from Singapore and M. Jn-nnuoa from Queen Charlotte Islands. Of tliese M. lepida is clearly a Micropora, while M. albicans should probably go to Cellejiora, where it has already been placed by Waters. M. iindidosa miglit be taken as the type of a genus, with Avhicli, howc^ver, M. hi-iuiucd could scarcely bo associated. 12. L. Ciir,i, n.sp. I'l. X., fig. 23, Zoarium unilaminate, expanded and calyculate. Zocecia n(>arly ovate, irre- gularly arranged, concave, with thickened rais(;d margins ; surface with numeioiis A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEKTIAKY POLYZOA OF VICTOKIA. 75 small rouud pores ; tliyrostonie contracted below, lower li}) straight or slightly hollowed. Dorsal surface with the zooecia distinctly shown separated hy flat thickened margins immediately within which is a row of large pores ; other smaller pores or pits scattered over the surface. L.B. 13. L. vermicular is, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 20. Zoarium unilaminate. Zooecia indistinct, but witli a dejiression between them ; upper part slightly raised forwards; surface with irregularly shaped jxnvs and areolations separated by sinuous convex ridges; Ihyrostome arched above, the lower lip nearly straight ; peristome thickened. E. IJi. L. liamiltoidcnsis, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 24. Zoarium unilaminate. Zocecia distinct, ovate, A\ithout raised margins, convex, obscurely granular, an irregular row of pores or deep round areoke along the margins and occasionally a few others on the surface ; thyrostome semicircidar, the lower lij) slightly hollowed, a denticle on each side ; an aviculariuni to one side of the thyrostome. M.C. 15. L. Jiliformis, Waters, sj). PI. X., fig 28.. SchizoporeUci JUiformis, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, ]). 274. Zoarium cylindrical, with about six rows of zoa^cia. Zooecia alternate in longitudinal series, elongated, somewhat quadrate at the extremities, separatctl by prominent smooth straight margins ; surface punctate and granular, very slightly convex ; thyrostome higlier than wide, arched above, hollowed below, with a sharp denticle on each side, peristome raised. S.P. Waters refers this species to Schizojiorella, but the hollow in the lower lip is not a trvie sinus, and the oral denticles shew that it ought to be placed in Lepralia. 16. -L. duplex, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 16. Zoarium probably bilaminate. Zocecia much elongated, narro"w, separated by raised margins, nearly fiat, obscurely divided by the markings into U\o portions, the upj)er with a row of deej) areoke round the margins and a second row of similar but smaller pores within these, leaving a clear central space, the lower portion Avith large pores or areolae occupying th(! whole width of the zoa'cium ; thyrostome wide, nearly semicircular, but with the upper margin slightly flattened, the lower lip slightly 76 A MONOGKAl'lI OF TUE TERTIARY I'OLYZOA OF VICTORIA. hollowed .111(1 with a sharp denticle at each angle ; seemingly a minute avicularium on the edge ol" the lower lip. B. 17. L. pach If stoma, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 7. Zoarium bilaminate, hranched. Zoa'cia elongated, distinct, separated by narrow^ faint, raised lines ; surface with numerous pores, larger towards the edges, A\liich ari' siiiooUi ; thyrostome lofty, nearly elliptical, the loAver lip being hollowed, a eoiispicuous denticle on each side about two-thirds down the aperture ; the wbole thyrostome surrounded by a smooth, broad, thickened rim. M. 18. L. vagans, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 22. Zocecia irregularly arranged in spreading clusters, broadly ovate or longer and narroAver, margins raised, very calcareous with nunun-ous close round pores ; tliyrostome lofty, straight or slightly hollowed below, a stout denticle above the angle on each side. B. Growing on L. bairnndulei. 19. Jj. hairusdalei, Waters. PI. XII., fig. 3. Lepralia hairnsdalei, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 509. Zoarium in bilaminate branching lobes. Zofficia much elongated, quadrate at the ends, distinct, margins thick and raised ; large areola? or pores round the margins and other smaller pores on the rest of the surface Avhicli is very calcareous ; thyrostome lai'ge, lofty, contracted below tlie middle by a cons2)icuous denticle, loAver lij) straight or slightly hollowed, Avitli a considerable rounded avicularium (frequently absent) in the depression immediately below the lower lip. B. In some specimens the suboral avicularium is a conspicuous feature, being present in almost all the zocecia. It has tlien very much the ap])earance of a Porella, from which, hoAvever, it differs in the absence of a median denticle or lyrula. In most specimens the avicularia are absent, or occur only very rarely. 20. L. monilifera, Milne Edwards, sp. PL XIV., fig 28. Eschara monilifcnt, Milne EdAvards, Sur les Escbares fossilcs, p. 1 ; Busk, Crag Polyzoa, p. 68. Zocecia much elongated, separated by very narroAV raised lines, a roAV of round pores in a groove Avitliin the margin; central i^art of zocecia raised ; thyrostome A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 77 arclied above, higlicr than wide, wider below, lower lip lioUoAved, with an internal denticle on each side ; ijeristonie thickened, with a small aviculariuni on one or both sides having the mandible directed upwards and inwards. M.C. The only specimen I have seen is the fragment figured, which is in a single layer with the backs of the zorecia broken away. They are, however, perfect in front and precisely agree with the description and figure given by Milne Edwards. 21. L. corrugata, Waters. PI. X., fig. 26, PI. XIV., fig. 27. Lepralia corrugata. Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 335. Zoarium encrusting or in bilaminate lobes or branches. Zooecia usually much elongated, convex, surface with short longitudinal ridges and a variable number of pores in the intervening furroAvs ; upper part of zooecium immediately below the thyrostome produced forwards into a large smooth mucro-like elevation with a large avicularium on one side and occasionally other smaller avicularia ; thyrostome large, semicircular, straight below, with a sharp denticle above each angle ; 5-8 spines round the upper margin ; a small roimded avicularium usually near each angle of the thyrostome, and occasionally others scattered over the zoarium, especially in the depression between the zooecia. S.P.; M.C; B. ; C.B. ; L.B. ; C.C. (W.). The most characteristic feature of this species is the development of the mucroid elevation of the zooecium below the thyrostome. In one form this is not so large, and the aperture consequently is not obscured, the denticles being visiljle on both sides. It may be called variety lata. In another var., apiculata, the zofficia are narrower, the processes much developed, the apex produced into a tube bearing on its summit a small aviculariuni ; on the outer side is a very long rather narrow avicularium occupying the whole side. The depth of the furrows between the ridges, the number of pores and the number and situation of the small avicularia vary a good deal. At first sight it bears a considerable resemblance to Palmi- cellaria, but the mvicroid process is really the upper part of the zocecium and the thyrostome is essentially Lepraliau. 22. L. glppslancUi, Waters. PI. X., fig. 21. Lepralia gippslaiidii, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 509. ZocEcia ovate, convex, distinct, with numei'ous small indistinct jiores ; thyros- tome small, semicircular. " Ooecia globose, punctate," Waters. B., on L. bairiisdalei. 78 A MONOGKAl'lI OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 23. L. rolinidala, ii.s|). I'l. X., liy. 18. Zod'cia (lisliiict, ovale or rouiulcd ; surlacc closely occupied l)y minute round pores ; tliyroslome contracted below, the lower lip hollowed ; several spines above. L.B. A sinijle minute* Frai^'ment. 24. L. (jvaysoni, n.sp. Pi. X., lii;'. 17. Zoiecia eloiij^ated, quadrate, with sliglitly raised i-itluu' tliick mari^ius, Hat but someu hat receding' towards the thyrostome, a row of lar;4'e pores along- the margins and nuiucroiis sinalh'i- ])ores irregnlarly scattered over the surface; thyrostome semicircular, h)W(!r lip much j)rojecting upwards, a stout sharp denticle a1)ove tlie rounded angle on each side. M. T liave much ])leasure in dedicating this species to Mr. ITt^nry Grayson, to wiiom i am indebted For the M(jorabool specimens and for valual)le assistance in pre[)aring tlie others. 25. L. colli iuua, n.sp. PL XII., lig. 4. Zoarium I)ilamina1e. Zoa'cia sejjarated by very narrow lines mostly obliterated, witii numerous small round pores; thyrostome nearly semicircular, lower lip convex ujjwards, torming a small mucro-like projection, a small denticle on each side. M.C. 2(J. L. obliqau, n.sp. PI. XII., tig. 5. Zoarium bilaminate. Zocecia separated by prominent raised lines; surface roughly granular witli numerous small pores between the granulations ; thyrostome straight or generally oblique, arched above, contracted below, the lower li]) convex upwaids forming a mucro-like j)rojcction, a small denticle on each side. B. 27. L. spatulata, Waters. PI. X., fig. 25. Lciirnlia ajxil Hilda, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 335. Zoariiiiii eyliiidrieal, prohaljly from growing round a narroAV alga. Zoo'cia distinct, separated by narrow raised lines, upper extremity raised, surface finely granular; thyrostome subcircular, higher tlian Avide, on each side internally a narrow ridge separatcxl by a gi'oove from the outer part ; six spines above. S.P. Waters mentions that in a specimen from Mount Gamljier there are many large spatulate zoojcial avicularia scattered over the stem. It, is readily distinguislied by the peculiar conformation of the thyrostome. V A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAKY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 79 28. L. vallafa, n.sp. PI. X., fig. 19. Zoa3cia elongated, wider in the middle, nearly straight above and Ix^low, separated laterally by thick much-raised margins; surface with numerous small round pores ; thyrostomc large, contracted below to the lower lip, which is slightly elevated in the centre ; peristome thickened, especially below where it supports an avicularium. / ' ^' '''■■ ,H, Only the fragment figured and another smaller seen, but it seems very distinct from any other species. Bulbijiora, n.g. Zoarium encrusting. Zoo3cia with posterior part decumbent, anterior portion raised, much enlarged and turned forwards ; thyrostonie terminal, arched ;il)ove, lower lip straight or nearly so, and entire. 1. B. areolata, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 15. Zoa^cia distinct, narrowed posteriorly, a row of deep areolations along the margin leaving a central smooth space ; anterior half swollen and bulbous, directed forwards, smooth ; thyrostome large, rounded above, slightly narrowed below, the lower lip straight or very slightly projecting ; several spines on the uppcn- margin. Ooecia round, smooth, situated above the thyrostome and incorporated with the zooecium above. M.C., on a Retepore. Plagiopora, n.g. Zoarium erect, unilaminate, biserial. Zoweia with the thyrostome placed obliquely across the extremity, lofty, narrow, arched above, hollowed below and contracted abovit the junction of the middle and lower thirds ; distinctly separated behind ; an avicularium in front to the side of the thyrostome and one externally beneath the upper angle. 1. P. disticha, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 14. Zoarivim in narrow, unilaminate, biserial branches. Zocecia alternate, the inner borders forming a zigzag line down the centre of the branch ; each zooecium wider and more prominent above, the inner part inserted between two zocecia of the opposite series ; the lower part depressed, hollowed and smooth, an oblique vitta-like baud, with a row of small inconspicuous pores, separating this from the ujjper more 80 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. ])romino,ut half of tlu; zocecium; outer edge of zoa'cium producod at the upper anisic and liaving a small sessile aviculavium on the edge looking directly outwards ; helow this avicularian process a small sharp point formed hy a narrow raised ridge extending from the autcrior vitta haclvAvards; thyrostome large, twice as high as wide, rounded ahove, slightly hollowed helow, contracted at the junction of the middle and lower thirds, directed o])liqnely, the loAver lip heing to the outside ; an avicularium on th(> raised inner portion of the zocrcium close to the upper part of the thyrostome. Posteriorly a vertical raised band running along the centre of the branch, with ci'oss bauds marking the bouiularies of (h(> zod'cia, and others similar •i-oin"- to the anterior vittate band, and at the passage round the edge forming the projection below the lateral avicularian process. M.C. Eamily Schizoporellid^. Zoarium crustaceous or expanded and uni- or bilaminate, or dendroid or cylindrical; or discoid, unilaminate and free. Zofecia calcareous, destitute of membranous area, entire or variously punctured, but Avithout special pores ; thyrostome rounded above, with a distinct notch or sinus in the lower liji ; no special development of the peristome. Ooecia external. Schizoporella, Hi neks. Zoa?cia closely adherent to each other; thyrostome semicircular or suborbicular, having a notch or sinus in the lower lip ; avicularia lateral or suboral, mandible variously shaped, not vibraculoid. Ooecia entire in front. 1. S. cecilii, Audoin, sp. PI. XI., fig. 1. Lepralia cecilii, Busk, Q.J.M.S. V. 173 ; McG., P.Z.V., 35 ; Schizoporella cecilii, Hincks, B.M.P., 269. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia broad, ovate, rhomboidal or hexagonal, distinct, with slightly raised margins ; anterior surface slightly convex, Avith numerous X'ound punctures, the central portion being usually clear and smooth or umbonate ; thyrostome nearly terminal, semicircular, Avith a ratlun* uarroAV sinus in the lower lip ; peristome slightly raised above. Oascia large, rounded, slightly granular. B. A widely-distributed living species. 2. S. p/ii/wa(opora Reuss. PI. XL, figs. 2, 3. SchizopurclUi phtjmalopora, AA^aters, Q..T.G.S., 1881, p. 338. Zoarium cylindrical, branched. Zooecia alternate in linear series, irregularly ovate, with sharply-defined raised margins, upper part slightly raised and turned A MONOGRAPH OP THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OP VICTORIA, 81 forwards or occasionally obliquely to one side ; thyrostome semicircular, lower lip straight, with a small sharply-defined rounded sinus ; peristome thickened ; surface finely granular and sometimes perforated ; an avicularium, with broadly triangular or rounded mandi])le, usually on one side about the middle, directed outwards or obliquely upwards. Ocecia large, slightly prominent, immersed in the zooecium above. S.P. ; M.C.; C.B. ; B.E.; M. ; C.C. (W.). There are usually four or six rows of zocecia in a cylinder. In one specimen the zoarium is in a single layer. In some the avicularia are absent. 3. S. playiostoma, v,.'^\). PI. XI., fig. 4 Zoarium in cylindrical form probably from having encrusted narrow algae. Zooccia much elongated, quadrate, slightly narrowed below, arranged in transverse or spiral series, with distinct raised margins; surface finely granular and perforated ; thyrostome situated obliquely in an ujoper angle of the zoa'cium, broad, lovrer lip straight, with a small rounded sinus, peristome on upper edge slightly thickened. S.P. ; B.E. ; C.B. ; M. The zocecia are arranged in a slightly oblique and transverse manner, and in the complete cylinder would probably be spiral. It differs from S. plujmatopora in the quadrate form of the zocecia, and especially in the peculiar position of the oblique thyrostome in an upper angle of the zooecium. In some specimens, as in that figured, there is an avicularium on one side, close to the margin, with the triangular mandible directed straight upwards. In these also the anterior extremity is not so quadrate, but is rather acuminate, and the whole turiied to one side. 4. S. lata, McG. PI. XI., fig. 5. Schi sopor ella lata, McG., P.Z.V., 138 ; f S. marsupifera, Busk, C.P., p. 165. Zoarium crustaceous. Zocecia arranged in linear series or irregularly, quadrate or ovate, with distinct raised margins ; surface granular or granulo-punctured ; thyrostome rounded above, contracted below, with a rather wide sinus ; below the sinus an avicularium with the mandible directed downwards. B. Living. Australia. The size of the avicularium varies, being sometimes quite small and situated on a slight elevation, at other times long and narrow. It is allied to ;S'. triangula (Hincks) Ijut differs in the thyrostome being rounded above and not triangular, as in that species. Both are common, living at Port PhiUip Heads. M 82 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 5. S. 7'iiffosa, n.sp. PI. XI., fig. G. Zonriiiiii sin.ill, cylindrical. Zoa-cia alternate in longitudinal series, indistinct; suri'aco irregular, with ])ores and slKirp ridges, one of wliicli crosses obliquely about the middle; a round por(» (prol)ab]y avicularinn) iniiuediately above tlie transverse ridge ; thyrostoiue arch(>d al)ove, sti'aight l)elow, with a small sinus. S.P., a single specimen. 0. .S*. aitstralis, Tenison Woods. PI. XI., fig. 7. Tetrnplenra aitstralis, Tenison "Woods, T.R.S.N.S.W., 1878, p. 5 ; ScMzoporella australis, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 311. Zoai'ium filiform, with the zocrcia arranged alternately in four series facing different ways. Zoa^cia very much elongated, separated by distinct raised lines, nari'owed below, the upjier ])art slightly projecting ; surface finely and regularly closely graixular ; thyrostonu^ at the extreme upper end, semicircular, contracted and straight below, with a small slightly rounded sinus; (m each side of ilie thyi'ostome a small articulated spine. S.P. ; C.C. and B.Il. (W.) 7. .S'. suhiuersa, Waters. PI. XI., figs. 8, 9. ScMzoporella suhnersa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 340. Zoarium bilaminate, usually erect in narroAv lobes, occasionally broader. Zocecia alternate, long, broad above, contracted and narrow l)elow ; surface irregu- larly granular or smooth, pitted and with a submarginal row of ])its or areolae; thyrostorae lofty, higher than wide, arched alcove, nearly straight l)elo\\ , ^\ itli a deep narrow sinus ; usually an avicularium on one or both sides near the middle of the zocecium, Avith the slender mandible directed inwai-ds, sometinu's absent, and a smaller avicularium by the side of the thyrostome. S.R; M.C. ; B. ; B.R. ; C.C. (W.). 8. S. schisostoma, McG. PI. XI., figs. 10, 11. Lepralia schizostorna, McG., P.Z.V., 38 ; Sc/iizojwrella schizos/oma, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. 439. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia ovate, separated by narrow raised lines or indistinct, convex; surface giaiiulai' oi- nearly smooth, with usually a slight eminence a short distance below the thyrostome ; thyrostome semicircular, the lower li]) straight with a nnrrow slit-like sinus. Ococia very large, i!;lobular, granular. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAKY POLYZOA. OP VICTORIA. 83 Var. armala. Zooecia someAvliat quadrate ; a rounded avicularium near an angle of the zooecium above. S.P. ; B. ; W.P. (W.) Living. Australia. 9. aS'. strictifissa, n.sp. PL XL, fig. 12. Zooicia distinct, irregularly arranged, roiuided, convex; tliyrostome semi- .^\">*'' ' ■*^'; circular, witli a deep, narroAV, wcdge-sliaped sinus in the hnver liji ; a small^ ^^ '"''' ,.< avicularium (frequently absent) on one or both sides ojiposite the lower part of ^^-L'-J^^NTOl, -^ the thyrostome. B. 10. S. crenulata, n.sp. PI. XL, fig. 13. Zoarium encrusting. Zowcia irregularly arranged, more or less ovate, with narrow raised margins ; surface smooth or granular ; thyrostome arched above, with a deep rounded sinus in the lower lip, edge of the upper lip finely crenulate or denticulate ; unarmed or with three or four spines above ; occasionally a small elliptical avicularium on the lower part of the zoa'cium. S.P. 11. S. pvofanda, n.sp. PI. XL, fig. 14. .'' Schizoporella feiiestrata, Waters, Q..T.G.S., 1881, p. 339. Zoarium bilaminate, lobed. Zowcia regular, quincuncial, smooth, separated by narrow raised lines ; thyrostome at the bottom of a deep depression which includes also the base of tlie zowcium above, the lower lip Avitli a small rounded sinus, the peristome thin and produced ; about five spines above the peristome ; a transvei'se elliptical raised avicularium below the thyrostome towards one side, on the edge of the elevated portion of the zooscium. S.P.; M.C.; C.B. ; M. This species has a very peculiar and characteristic appearance, owing to the thyrostome being situated at the bottom of a deep pit sinking abruptly from the zoo3cium to the lower lip, and rising more gradually where it involves the base of the zoo3cium above. On the elevated portion of the zocecium, where it bends down to the thyrostome, is a large elliptical avicularium placed nearly transversely. On the extreme lateral zooecia these avicularia are occasionally very largely developed, spreading outAvards beyond the edge of the zoarium, the mandible being long and more triangular. The surface of the zoo3cia is smooth and glistening, with usually a few small pores about the margins. The avicularia are occasionally absent. M2 84 A IMONOGllAPH OF THE TERTIARY TOLYZOA OF VICTORIA. ^^^"^ t^^^^M^'V'^^J'^^ 1 12. -S-. dcedala, McG. PI. XL, fi-. 15. ^o y .-. .g^s'. Svhizoiwrella dceiUla, McG., P.Z.V., 138; S. conseroata, Waters, Q..T.G.S.. ^ />^881, p. 3d.O. '*^' -^- '^' ^.^jjX*- ^ Zoariiim encrustinii:. Zooncia broad, distinct, margins deeply arcolatcd ; ^6»*rft^* tliyrostomo large, ai'ched above, straiglit below, Avitli a moderate-sized sinus; ^xA ^ 5-7 spines on llie upper margin; a large avicularium I'xtending borizonlally outwards on eaeli side, or oecasionally on one side only, about tbe middle of the zoa'cium. S.P. ; 1?. ; M. ; C.C. (W.) Living. Australia. A full description of recent S2)ecimcns will be found in P.Z.V. 13. S. auriculata, Hassall. PI. XL, fig. IG. Lepralla auriculata, Unsk, B.M.C., II., p. 07 ; Scliizoporella auriculata, Hincks, B.M.P., 200. Zoarium I)ilamiuate (in the fossils). Zoiecia distinct, arranged in linear scries separated by grooves, elongatcjd, of nearly uniform width, convex, smooth ; thyro- stome semicircular, the straight lower li]) with a distinct sharp sinus ; below the thyrostome an elevation with a conspicuous roimd (avicularian) pore ; a triangular avicularium (frequently absent), wdth long triangular mandible directed inwards, close to the margin on one or both sides. Ocecia large, subimmersed. M.C. ; B.Il. ; M. In some specimens the zooecia are mon- convex tlian in that figured, and in many, close to the margin, are several slit-like pores arranged longitudinally. The lateral avicularia are frequently absent. The ocecia in all the .specimens shewing them are largely open in front, the ojiening being bounded by a scunicircular margin, which may be tlu^ growing edge, or may bound a sixice occupied by a thinner material or membrane. 14. *S^. suhsinuato, Hincks. PI. XL, fig. 17. Schizoporella suhsinuala, Hincks, A.M.N. IL, Oct., 1881; McG., P.Z.V., 138. Zoarivun encrusting or loosely adnate. Zoo'cia ovate, separated by narrow raised lines ; surface granular ; thyrostome arched above, contracted below and with a wide very shallow sinus. B. Living. ^Vustralia. *-^ A MONOGUAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 85 I have only a few small imperfect fragments. It is distinguished by the wide, very narrow sinus occupying almost the whole width of the lower lip. It may be doubted whether it should not rather be referred to Lepralia. 15. S. rklleyl, McG. PL XL, fig. 18. ^ - ^^^^ Schisoporella marsupium, Ridley, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., Jan., 1881 ; S. rkllei/l, h>j^'<9 - j, McG., P.Z.V., 138. ^; 5- ^xU* Zoariuui encrusting. Zoo^cia distinct, smooth or aroolated at the margins ; w„n,t/- thyrostome large, semicircular, contracted below, with a small rounded sinus in the straight lower lip ; below the thyrostome a smaU avicularium on a large rounded elevation. Ooecia large, rounded. M.C. Living. Patagonia and Australia. 16. -S*. arachnoides, McG. PL XL, fig. 19. Schisoporella arachnoides, McG., P.Z.V., 138. Zoarium crustaceous. Zooicia ovate, distinct, convex, smooth ; thyrostome semicircular, straight below, with a distinct, rounded sinus ; several (six or seven) round the sinus, of which the loAver on each side are a little removed from its margin. Ooecia (in recent specimens) rounded, smooth, the edges usually sculptured. M.C. Living. Australia. Only the single imijcrfect specimen figured in Avhicli the characters are not well marked. I have, however, no doubt of the identification. 17. S. Maperta, Michelin, sp. PL XL, fig. 20. Lepralia hiaperta. Busk, Crag. Pol., 37 ; Hippothoa hlaperta, Smitt, P.B., 46; id., n. divergens. I.e., 17; Schisoporella hiaperta, Hincks, A.M.N.H., July, 1881, May, 1884. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia broad, distinct, smooth, very slightly convex ; thyrostome semicircular, contracted below and with a narrow slit-like sinus ; on one side of the thyrostome a large bullate eminence on the upper part of which is an avicularium with the narrow mandible directed downwards. M.C. Living. Arctic Seas, England, North America, Australia. 18. S. convexa, n.sp. PL XL, fig. 21. ., Zoariiim encrusting. Zooecia hexagonal, distinct, convex, siirface smooth or slightly granular ; a series of small areolations round the margins ; thyrostome 86 A JIONOGllAPII OF THE TERTIAUY POLYZOA 01" VICTORIA. somicircular, the struiglit lower eilye with a small round sinus; lour sjiines on tlm upper edge. M.C. 19. S. nitens, n.sp. PI. XI., fig. 22. Zocecia large, ncjarly hexagonal but rounded above, separated by narrow raised margins, within which are some minute areolations, convex, smooth and shining ; thyrostome large, wide, arched above Avitli rounded angles below, low^er lip straight with a large round siiuis ; several spines (very obscurely indicated) above ; on some of the zoojcia an avieuhirium w'ith long mandible directed upwards and inwards, on one side of the thyrostome close to the margin. M.C. 20. S. homhycina, Waters. PI. XI., fig. 23. Schisoporella homhycina, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 274. Zoarium encrusting or bilaminate. Zocecia distinct, convex, smooth, frequently with small areolations at the margins ; thyrostome semicircular, Avith a wide sinus below ; a rounded eh^vation, Avith a small avicularium Avith triangular mandible, to one side and slightly below^ the thyrostome. B. None of my specimens have ooecia. They are described and figured by Waters as very small. 21. S. rostrata, McG. PI. XI., fig. 21. Schisoporella rostrata, McG., P.Z.V., 186. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia ovate, separated by very narrow, raised lines ; surface Avith numerous pores ; thyrostome Avith a wide shalloAV sinus in loAA'er lij) ; a hoUoAV, pointed, elevated process from immediately beloAV the lower lij) arching over the loAVf r part of the thyrostome and Avith an avicularium to one side. Ooecia lai'ge, gloljular, obscurely porous. B. Living. Australia. 22. S. alula, n.sp. PI. XL, fig. 25. Zoarium enerusliiig. Zoa^eia A'ery broad, Avidely expancU-d aljove Avith a sharp angle sujjcriorly on each side, se})arated by narrow raised lines ; surface nearly flat, closely and linely granular ; thyrostome semicircular, straight beloAV, Avith a rounded sinus, the whole peristome slightly thickened. M.C. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 87 A very clistiuct and heautiful species. I have only the fragment figured, and from the appearance of the hroken zooecia on its edges, it is probable that they are not all so widely expanded. 23. S foveata, n.sp. PL XI., fig. 26. Zooecia indistinct, sides very much raised and tumid ; thyrostome at the bottom of a depression, lofty, arched above, lower lip straight, with a distinct, rather narrow, rounded sinus. B. I have only seen a single small specimen of a mamilliform shape and probably forming the extremity of a branch. 24 S. (jranulata, n.sp. PI. XI., fig. 27. Zoarium thick, encrusting. Zooecia large, ovate, distinct, granular, deeply areolated round the margins ; thyrostome large, semicircular or somewhat squared above, lower edge straight, Avith a distinct sinus contracted at the entrance ; peri- stome thickened with a peristomial or subperistomial process, frequently squared, immediately below the sinus ; frequently an avicularium on one side in the situation of an areola, with the triangular mandible directed outwards. Ococia considerably immersed, granular. S.P. Gemellipora, Sniitt. Zoarium crustaceous or erect and ramose. Thyrostome subcircular or pyriform, with a sharp denticle on each side below, projecting inwards, and contracting the entrance of a deep rounded sinus. 1. G. elegantissima, n.sp. PI. XI., fig. 28. Zoarium encrusting or erect, cylindrical and branched. Zooecia ovate, distinct, separated by narrow raised lines, surface closely and finely granular ; thyrostome small, subcircular, with a rounded sinus below, contracted at its entrance by a sharp angle or denticle on each side ; a small raised avicularium to one side of the thyrostome. M.C. This may be the Schisoporella excubans of Waters (Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 311.) 2. G. polita, n.sp. PI. XI., fig. 29. Zoarivim encrusting. Zooecia indistinct, irregularly arranged, polished and shining ; thyrostome pyriform, with a small rounded sinus opening by a narrow neck 88 A MONOGRAPH OT" THE TEUTIABT POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. formoci by a sharp (lonticle on each side; occasionally a small avicularium, with triangular pointed mandible, to one side of the thyrostome. M.C. The whole surface is polished and glistening, and traversed by faint raised lines. Haswellia, Busk. 1. //. longirostris, McG. PL XIV., fig. 20. (For description see Apjiendix). 2. IL pruducta, n.sp. PI. XTV., llgs. l(i-ll). (For description sec Appendix). Bipora, TThitelegge. Zoarium bilaminat(^ and expanded, or unilaminate and orl)icular or conical, the zocecia resting on a cancellated base. Zooecia immersed, originating in two ways, either between the marginal zocecia or intercalated among the older ; thyrostome ai'ched above, with a distinct sinus in the straight lower lip and a small j)ore on the edge of the upper reversed, the free edge of the operculum being directed from the growing edge to the apex in the conical form and to the base in the bilaminate. Occcia external globose. The genus Bipora was proposed by Whitelegge (Pr.L.S.N.S.W., June, 1887) for, among others, the species described as Lnnnlites pliilippiiiensls and caiicelhda by Busk, of the generic position of which Busk himself was very doubtful. The zooecia originate in two ways, those at the edge being at first nearly tubular and projecting beyond the margins of the zoarium, besides which others are developed between the old zocecia in various parts. According to Whitelegge, in recent specimens " the first indication of the formation of a new zoojcium apjiears on the upper surface? of the zoarium as an elevated or depressed round spot bordered on one side by a thin layer of epitheca. At this point the ' semilunar slit with the concavity directed outw^ards ' (ah-eady noticed by llaswell) is formed, and by the gradual extension of this slit to a circular form a piece of the calcareous lamina is cut out, the resulting opening being that of the peristome, and at a short distance; below the true aperture is seen to be also in a fully formed condition." The partially formed ojiening is seen in several of my fossil specimens and is distinctly .shewn iu recent B. pliiliprpiiieiisi,^ and CoiiescharelUita elegaus, Waters, for specimens of which I am indebted to Mr. Whitelegge. It may be doubted whether the genus Coneschorellina of D'Orbigny should not be adopted for our species, but as its true character may admit of some doubt I think it better to take the genus A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 89 proposed by Whiteloggo. The species agree with Schizoporclla in the structure of the thyrostome and I, therefore, include them in the same family. 1. B. cancellata, Busk, sp. PI. XII., fig. 1. Lnmilites cancellata. Busk, B.M.C., II., p. 101 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, pp. 257 and 512; Bipora caiicHlata,Vf\\\iQ\e^^e, Proc.L.S.N.S.W., 1887, p. 340; Cones- charelliua caiwellata. Waters, A.M.X.H., Sept., 1887. Zoarium small, conical, nearly plane below. Zoa^cia alternate in rows radiating from the apex, surface raised round the thyrostome ; thyrostome nearly semi- circular, lower lip straight, Avith a small sinus helow ; peristome leaving a depi'ession below the lower lip of the true thyrostome, a small pore on the iqipcr lip ; avicularia small, with semicircular or rounded mandibular opening, disposed between the zooecia usually one on each side. Base of zoarium inside the marginal fringe of zocecia cancellated. B. 2. B. j)hilipjnnensis, Busk, sp. PI. XII., tig. 2. LunuUfps philippinensis. Busk, B.M.C. II., p. 101 ; Bipora philippinensis, Wliitelegge, I.e., 311. Zoarium orbicular, raised in the centre. Zooecia alternate in radiating series, raised round the thyrostome ; thyrostome nearly semicircular with a rounded sinus in the lower lip ; peristome leaving a space with straight lower edge below the vmder liji of the true thyrostome ; avicularia small, rounded or elliptical with cross- bar for articulation of mandible ; a small pit in upper lip. Base with central part inside zocEcial fringe flat, covered with round buUate elevations, perforated or having small avicularia similar to those on the front. S.P.; M.C. These two species are very closely allied and sometimes difficult to distinguish. In B. cancellata the zoarium is conical with a sharp apex, while in B. pliiUppinensls it is much less elevated in llie centre ; the thyrostome differs a little, the space within the peristome below the lower lip being hollowed in its lower margin in the former, and in the latter wider and nearly straight across. The avicularia also differ, in the former having no distinct cross-bar for articulation, while in the other it is usually well marked. In my specimens of L. cancellata the lower surface of the zoarium is cancellated, possibly from the fracture of hollow elevations, while in L. philippinensis it is closely covered with small round bullate elevations, having numerous small avicularia. In both the supra-oral pore, although frequently Avell marked, is frequently indistinguishable. N 90 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. Adoonolla, J]iisk. 1. A. friton, n.sp. PL IX., fig. 23. Zooecia largo, imicli olongatod, distinct; surface smooth, witli a row of large pores round the margin and extending above the thyrostome ; thyrostome very lofty, arched above, narrowed downwards and liollowed below ; an avicularium with long narrow mandible on one or both sides below the tliyrostome, directed upAvards and reaching to about the middle of its side. Ocecial cells very large ; sides l)ordered by ^ I'ow of very large pores ; a slightly elevated area about the middh^ ol' the cell, with five or six pits or pores ; aperture very wide, peristouK^ very thin and raised, upper lip arelied, lower projecting upwards ; a narrow raised ridge or keel extending vertically from the middle of the lower lip to the ])erf()rated area ; an avicularium on either side b(dow the tliyrostome directed slightly inwards and reaching nearly to the lower lip. M.C. The systematic position of this very peculiar sjiecies admits of great douljt. Its whole aspect closely resembles Adeonellopsis, with whicli it agrees in the structure and situation of the avicularia and of the large ooecial cells. The ordinary zorecia, however, have no zooccial pore or cluster of pores, and the cluster of pores or pits on the oa3cial cell is raised and the pores themselves not stellate. The shape of the thyrostome also is diffei-ent. On the whole, I think it ought to be referred to the Eschari(Ue, from the other genera of which it is difi'erentiated by the ocecia being internal in modified cells, in the same way as Adcona and iVdeoiudlopsis difl'er from the other Microporellidoe. I have only seen tlie one specimen. Family Smittiid^. Zoarium crustaceous, or erect and uni- or bilaminate or dendroid. Zoa>cia entirely calcareous, witliout nieinl)raiious lamina or special pores; thyrostome variously shaped, entire (RJiynchopora) with a simis below; a special development of \ho pei'istome forming the secondary orifice. Ocecia external. Porella, Gray. ZocEcia with the thyrostome subcircular ; secondary orifice horseshoe-shaped or inversely triangular, witli an avicularium within or on the edge of the peristome below. 1. P. concinna, Busk, sp. PI. XII., figs. 6, 7. LepraUa conc/mia, 13usk, B.M.C., II., p. G7 ; Porella concinna, Ilincks, B.M.P., 323. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 91 Zooecia ovate, distinct ; a series of pores or deep areoke round the margins, the rest of the surface usually smooth ; thyrostome subtriangular, wider and slightly arched above, haviug a broad squared median denticle; peristome thickened and inclosing a small avicularium -with broad rounded mandible ; sometimes the avicu- larium much larijer and extending down the zooeciura. S.P. ; M.C. ; M. Living. Europe and North America and Australia. ^ /s^^' 1 • !■■ In one of the Muddy Creek si)ecimens the avicularian mandible is very large, much expanded infcriorly, and extends half way down the zofficiimi. In the Moorabool specimens the zocEcia are larger and nearly quadrate, and the thyrostome is more rounded above. 2. F.imuctata, n.sp. PI. XII., tigs. 8, 10, 11. Zooecia ovate, separated by narrow raised margins, surface depressed within the margins, convex, the part beloAV the thyrostome raised and smooth, the rest witli numerous small pores ; thyrostome rounded above, contracted below ; within tlie lower edge of the peristome a small avicularium. B.; M. In the Moorabool specimens the zooecia are much wider and the margins more raised than in those from Bairnsdale. I am not quite certain if there is a median denticle. It may perhaps be a variety of P. concinna. 3. F.Jlabellaris, n.sp. PI. XII., fig. 12. Zoarium narrowly flabellate, bilamiuate. Zooecia elongated, narrow, convex, without raised margins ; surface with numerous small round pores ; thyrostome rounded above, contracted below, with a rounded sinus within which is an avicularium resting on a small squared denticle. M. Differs in the form of the thyrostome from the preceding, as well as the smaller size of the zooecia and the erect, somewhat flabellate growth, Avhicli last, however, may not be constant. 4. P. mm'sujnum, McG. PI. XII., fig. 9. Lepntlia marsupium, McG., P.Z.V., 35 ; Porella marsupiam, Hincks, A.M.N. H., 1881 ; McG., T.R.S.V., 1882. Zoarium crustaceous. Zooecia small, distinct, ovate, arranged more or less in linear series ; surface smooth, minutely punctured or areolated at the margins ; N2 92 A irOXOGUAl'lI OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. tliyrostomc subcircular by the development of the peristome contracted downwards, with a squared denticle in the lower lip ; scA^eral spines on the upper margin ; a small avieiilaiium in front of the denticle, on the upper part of a bullatc projection t)eeiip\ iiiu' (he ])ortion of the zort'cium immediately helow llie (hyrostome. Ocecia small, ii'lohular, smooth, with taint radiating linos. M.C. ; W.P. (W.) A common living Australian species. 5. P. innocua, n.sp. PI. XII., fig. 13. Zoa>eia elongated, separated hy narrow raised lines, with a row of long, narrow, deep areolie along the margins, sometimes almost meeting in centre ; tliyrostomc hu'ge, elongated, suhquadrat(^ hut roanded above, with a very large, deep, squared median denticle and a small acute one on each side; a small avicularium in the lower lip nl' llu; peristome. Ooecia small, depressed, punctured. B.;M. Smittia, Hincks. Tliyrostomc semicircular, Avith a square denticle (lyrula) in the lower margin ; secondary aperture elongated, the peristome raised on the sides and forming a spout- like channel below, in which is usually lodged an avicularium. 1. S. transversa, n.sp. PI. XII., fig. 14. Zoarium l)ilaminate. Zooecia quadrate (h- hexagonal, separated by narrow raised lines, nearly fiat, granular, especially in a line immediately within the margin, and with numerous small round perforations ; thyrostome lofty, arched above, contracted below, with a dee]) rounded sinus in the loAver lip formed by the projection of a dentich^ on each side ; a broadly linear avicularium situated trans- versely immediat(^ly beloAV the thyrostome. Oa3cium large, convex, occupying greater part of the zo(i!cium on which it is placed, granular and punctured. B.E. 2. S. depressa, n.sp. PL XII., fig. 15. Zooecia large, ovate; margins much thickened and raised, the junction of those of contiguous zocecia indicated by a faint line; surface depressed, flat, Avitli numerous large pores ; thyrostome large, lofty, arched above, with a deep sinus, which is narrowed above and rounded at its extremity. M.C; B. When the front wall is examined from behind, a small jiointed median denticle is seen. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 93 3. S. cribraria, McG. PL XII., fl^s, 10, 17. Smittia cribraria, McG., T.U.S.V., 1885. Zoarium encrusting. Zociocia large, separated by narrow raised lines, slightly convex ; surface witli close-set rather large pores or tleep pits ; thyrostome large, Avith a round avicularium with the peristome below, in front of a large denticle. \r"!/.^. M.C. '^^o^J^''^ r ' 4. S. ordinata, n.sp. PI. XII., figs. 18, 19. Zoo?cia ovate, alternate, in longitudinal series, separated laterally l)y deej) furrows at the bottom of which is a narrow raised line from which branches extend to the middle of the thyrostomes; surface with numerous round pores; thyrostome somewhat pyriform with a rounded sinus below; a quadrate median denticle, having in front a small avicularium within the loAver edge of the peristome. Ocecia small, rounded, subimmersed in the zoa3cium above. S.P.; M.C; M. 5. aS'. reticulata, J. McG., sp. PI. XII., figs. 20, 21. Lepralia reticulata, Busk, B.M.C., II., 66 ; Smittia reticulata, Hincks, B.M.P., 316. Zoarium crustaceous or unilaminate. Zoojcia elongated, separated by narrow raised lines with a row of large areolae round the margins ; surface smooth ; thyrostome subcircular, with a quadrate median denticle and a small sharp one on each side ; secondary orifice with a rather narrow and pointed or rounded sinus ; several spines on the upper edge of the thyrostome; below the lower lip an avicularium with the long triangular mandible directed straight downwards. Var, calceolu^, McG., T.R.S.V., July, 1886. Ooecium much elongated, prominent, and frequently Avith a depression across the middle ; its surface punctate with small or bordered pores, sometimes with a narrow smooth rim. S.P. ; M.C. ; M. Living. Europe, Australia. Var. nitida. Zocecia narrower and more prominent ; an avicularium, usually spatulate and of unequal sizes, on each side below the lower lip. B. In the well-known living European form the ocecia are semicircular and globose, prominent and punctured. In the usual living Australian form, as well as in the fossil, they are of the calceolus form, as shewn in fig. 21. 94 A MONOGKAl'lI OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 6. ^S*. intermedia, n.s]). Zoa?cia clong-atcd, separated by very fine raised lines, a row of large round pores aluny the margins ; tliyrostome rounded above, contracted below, and having a squared median denticle; four large spines on the iij)per edge; immediately below the lower li]) a round })ore which is probably avicularian. Immediately above the tliyrostome is a circumscribed area, the front wall l)rolien in the specimens, Avhich is probably avicularian. M.C. 7. S. lateralis, n.sp. PI. XT!., fig. 25. Zoariuni crustaccous. Zotecia distinct, separated by narrow raised lines with a row of areolations close to the margins; thyrostome somewhat triangular, with a long s[)out-like sinus below ; tlu'ce spines above and a broad median denticle on the lower lip; on one side of the sinus a long raised avicularium extending half-way or more up the aperture and frequently obscuring the sinus, the mandible directed upwards. Ocecia globular, usually with two fenestrse or areolations. B.; M. A well marked and very interesting species. 8. S. poriiwides, n.sp. PL XIII., fig. 1. Zoarivim bilaminate. Zooicia very long, se2)arated by distinct raised margins, convex, anterior surface Avith numerous small round pores ; thyrostome nearly semicircular, the peristome raised, with a small spout-like sinus and a squared internal denticle ; a distinct peristomial pore on each side close to the margin. B.ll. 9. S. ocHlata, McG. PL XII., fig. 22. Smittia oculata, McG., T.R.S.V., July, 1882. Zoariiun crustaceous. Zocecia elongated, separated l)y prominent raised margins; surface with large fenestras or pores; tliyrostome horseshoe-shaped or rounded ; i)eristome forming secondary aperture much thickened ; a median denticle in front of which is an avicularium of gi-eat size. Oa^cia prominent, slightly granular or with a few (usually two) large pores. S.P. The above description has been taken from recent specimens. 10. S. modesta, n.sp. PL XII., fig. 23. Zofficia small, indistinct; sm-face with close-set round pores; thyrostome A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 95 pyriforui, with a large median denticle ; peristome much thickened, little elevated, smooth, forming a spout-like sinus below ; no avicularia in the specimen. B. I have only a minute broken fragment from which it is impossible to be certaiT\o\'>^ ' '^'■'/^/a of the mode of growth, but I think it is bilaminate. There are no avicularia in 'the pi specimen, but there can be no doubt that it belongs to Smittia. ^^Uch^>j^''-' 11. *S'. bi-incisa, Waters. PI. XII., flg. 21. Smittia bi-iiicisa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1882, p. 272. Zoarium encrusting, zocecia ovate, distinct, convex, witli numerous large pores ; thyrostome arched above, with about seven spines on the upper lip, lower lip with a prominent squared median denticle and a sharp triangular tooth on each side ; on each side of the thyrostome frequently a thick tubular process surmounted by a rounded avicularium ; and a prominence below the thyrostome also supporting an avicularium, S.P.; M.C. The lateral avicularia are frequently absent, as is also occasionally the suboral. 12. S. tatei, Tenison Woods, sp. PL XII., figs. 2(V29. Escliara tatei, Tenison Woods, T.R.S.N.S.W., 1876, p. 149 ; E. porrecta, id.. I.e., p. 147 ; Smittia tatei, Waters, Q.T.G.S., 1881, p. 337 ; id., 1882, p. 371. Zoarium erect, bilaminate, branched and divided into narrow lobes or cylindrical. Zooecia very long and narrow, of nearly uniform width throughout, with prominent raised margins having a narrow groove between those of contiguous series ; a row of rounded pores down each side, frequently in a groove, and occasionally others between ; thyrostome arched above with a sinus below, a squared median denticle and a small pointed tootli on either side ; peristome usually becoming very mucli raised, projecting forwards and uniting across the upper ])art of the sinus so as to form a large peristomial pore ; frequently a median avicularium below the tbyro- stome, with the long mandible directed vertically dowuAvards. Orecium small, rounded, punctate, with a raised surrounding rim. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. I was at first inclined to refer this species to Porina, from the presence of the suboral peristomial pore, but an examination from behind shewed in some zoix'cia a median denticle and two small lateral teeth. Tbe suboral pore is formed by tlie peristome sending a process forwards on each side, arching over the sinus and coalescing in the centre. 96 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. In the typical form there is a groove down each side of the front of the zocecium containing the pores, which are comparatively small and irregular. Some- times, instead of the two grooves, there are three, indistinct and irregularly luiitcd helow. Tlio aviciilarium is naiTow. and situated in a central depression. In the form porrecla the margins ar(> tliickov, the front surface more regular and not grooved, and 1h(> pores Ini'ge and imiform ; the avicularia arc large and frequently somewhat raised. It is hy far the commonest form. In a third form, liihtJosa, fi'om Bairnsdale, the peristome is much pi'oduced forAvards so as to lie almost tuhular ; the hranches are mucli tliinner, cylindrical, and liaving four or five zofecial series. The zocecia are projmrtionally nuich hroader, wider at the middle opposite the thyrostomes of the zcxecia in tlie contiguous rows; the pores are numerous and indistinct ; and the avicularia are very narrow and raised. 13. S. areolata, n.sp. PI. XII., fig. 30. Zoarium hilaminate. Zoa>cia elongated, separated by slightly raised margins ; a series of small, usually pointed areoke along the margins, directed inwards ; thyi'ostome rounded ahove, contracted helow, and with a narrow sinus in the lower lip, and inside a central squared denticle and two small lateral teeth ; below the thyrostomc a small, Ijroadly elliptical aA-icularium, witli the mandible directed straight downwards. S.P. The internal denticles can only be distinctly seen Avhen the anterior wall is viewed from behind. It may possil)ly l)i' a form of aS'. latei, but I think it is a distinct species. Cucullipora, n.g. Zoarium erect, hilaminate. Zocecia distinct, thyrostome lofty, obliqiie, arched a1)ove, straiglit Ijelow ; peristome thickened and mneh raised, excejit on tlie lower lip, forming a sf rong cncuUate [)rojection above and on the sides ; avicularia lateral by the side of the thyrostome, and with the sides raised somewhat like the peristome. 1. C. tefrastlcha, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 13. Zoarium nai-row, ligulate. Zooeeia distinct, alternate in two rows on each side of the zoarium ; surface sulcate, finely granular and with numerous small i)erfora- tions ; thyrostome with a small deep denticle (not always visible) on cither side ; peristome rising abruptly on each side and much projecting forwards ; an A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 07 avicularium on the outer side close to the tliyrostome, the mandible pointed downwards and inwards, the sides niucli raised, and the wliole forming a con- siderable proiection ; another small avicularium on a distinct elevation external to -,7.7 -. this and on a lower level. -^'^ " ''*■ S.P. ; M.C. ntly segments of an orljicnlar or expanded zoarium, prohably free as in the genera mentioned. The structure of the zooecia, however, is totally different. The pores in the front wall are small, closely and irregularly placed, and not formed in the same Avay as those of Cribrilina. The large pores in the neighhourhood of the thyrostome and aviculnrium are depressions or openings between l)uttress-like outgrowths from the ele\-ated margins of tliese structures. The avicularium is of great size, situated to the side of and a little helow the thyrostome, and occupying an equal extent of the width of the zooecium. Phylactella, HiucJcs. Thyrostom(» more or less circular ; peristome usually deiicient above, much elevated below and on the sides, not chanelled or sinuated. 1. P. porosa, n.sp. PL XIII., fig. 2. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia distinct, broad, convex ; surface with numerous small round pores, except below the thyrostome ; thyrostome large, arched above, no denticles on tli(> low(>r lip, peristome of lower lip and sides thick, and forming a much-projecting entin* seinieiicular collar extending downwards as a raised triangular prolongation. M. Allied to the European P. labrosa, but differing in tlH> lower lip being vei-y thick, without any denticle, and formuig a perfect semicircle, as well as in tlie triangular prolongation downwards, I have another species from Bairnsdale, but the sp(>cimens are too imperfect for satisfactory description. Mucronella, Iliiwks. Thyrostome semicircular or subcircular, the peristome of the lower li]i elevated into a proj(icting process or mucro. 1. M. 2)rcestans, Hincks. PL XIII., fig. 6. Mucronella p7'(Psta)is, Hincks, A.M.N.H., Aug., 1882. Zoarium encrusting or bilaminate. Zocccia distinct, elongated, projecting .slightly above ; surface smooth or slightly fibrillated, a row of deep elongated areolte directed in\vards roimd the margins ; thyrostome subcircular, peristome prolonged in A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEKTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 99 front, frequently in a neck-like manner, and supportino; a small mncro ; upper lip depressed, Avith four straight* spines (seldom visible in the fossils) ; an avicularium directed outwards on one or botli sides of the projecting- peristome on a raised process, the base of which has three or four pores, the large spatulute avicularium _ opening upwards and forwards. Ocecium rounded, usually contracted below, raised,. ^ '^ ''''''';;) in the centre and surrounded by a row of deep converging arcohe. f^^ \'\- S.P. ; M.C. ; E. ; M. Living. Australia and New Zealand. 2. M. lata, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 3. Zoarium crustaceous. Zooecia broadly ovate, moderately convex, separated by narrow raised lines or grooves, obscurely granular, with a few small round pores close to the margins ; thyrostome arched above, slightly contracted opposite the angles of the mucro ; mucro large, broad, straight and expanded above, the angles being produced laterally ; four spines articulated above ; occasionally a large spatulate avicularium directed upwards by the side of the thyrostome. OcBcium small, rounded. S.P. ; C.B. 3. M. spongiosa, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 8. Zoarium bilaminatc. Zooecia indistinct, entirely occupied by close, irregidarly- shaped pores, giving the whole a cancellated honeycombed appearance ; thyrostome cresentic with rounded angles, the lower lip projecting upwards as a wide shallow mucro. M. A single small fragment, Avhieh seems to be part of a rather narrow rounded branch. 4. 31. teres, Hincks. PI. XIII., fig. 7. Mucronella te)-es, Hincks, A.M.N.H., Aug., 1881 ; 31. Icecls, McG., P.Z.V., IIG. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia distinct, ovate, convex, smooth, a row of small areolatious round the margins ; thyrostome arched above, lower lip with a small acute mucro pointing upwards, six spines on the upper edge. Oojcia small, round, smooth, two or three spines on each side in front. M.C. Living. Australia. I now believe that 31. teres and 3£. Itevis arc the same species. 5. .^ If. oultu); Hincks. PI. XIII., fig. 1. 3Iucronella viMiu; Hincks, A.M.N.H., 5, X., sep. U8. McG., P.Z.V., 116. I have a small fragment from Moorabool which I refer very doubtfully to this 02 100 A MONOGKAl'II OF THE TEUTIAllY I'OLYZOA OF VICTOKIA. species. The zoa'ciu are lari;e, elongalcxl, convex, granular and porous; the thyrostonio is lari>-e, Avide, arched above, contracted heloAV ; peristouK; (hickoned on the si(K's and below, and raised in the centric into a Ihieis pointed mncro, on one side of wiiieh is a large avicularium. M. 6. M. tiKxii'dhoolci/ni.s, n.sp. 1^1. XIIL., lii;-. 0. Zoariuni enerustiny. Zocecia irreg'ularly arranged, ovate, distiuet, prominent, especially above ; thyrostome large, arched above, low^er lip straight and Avithout a siuus, with growth projecting forwards so as to form a broad rounded mncro ; 0-8 spines ou the upper lip ; a vibracular pore on an elevation on one or both sides of the thyrostome. M. I am doubtful where to refer this species. The vibraculum is similar to that of MasfigopJioj-a, but there is no sinus. 7. 31. apiculala, n.s)). PI. XIII., fig. 5. Zoarium encrusting. Zcxecia elongated, distinct convex, surface with small pores ; thyrostome rounded above, slightly holloAved l)eIow Avitli a sliarp mucro from immediately below the. lower lip, projecting upwards and forwards and Avith an avieularium on one side;. OcEcia large, rounded, prominent. Ji. Allied to M. poi'osu, llincks. Bracebridgia, 3IcG. Zoarium bilaminate, erect. Thyrostome sul)eireuhir, straighter below, with an internal denticle; peristome thickened, smooth or with a small apienlatc muc.'o; rre(iuently in the Fossils, but rarely in recent specimens, a triangular avicularium immediately below the lower lip; lateral avicularia on the free edges oT the zoarivun. 1. 3- cuteudata, Waters, sp. PI. XIII., iigs. 10, 11. Furellu emeitdata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, \). 330 ; Maci-uiicUd puj-ij'oniiis. Husk, C.P., Pt. I., 155; Braccbrldciia piirifoiniiis, McG., P.Z.V., 158. Zoarium forming branching lobes. Zotecia expanded above, narrowed below, a row of pores in a furrow down (;ach side and occcisionally others on the i'ront ; a tumid band embracing the upper part of the thyrostome, the two sides uniting below the lower lip and continmug downwards as a central elevation; thyrostome A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 101 nearly straight below, with a liroad internal denticle and occasionally an apiculato mucro; on or immediately below the lower lip a small obliqne avicularinm (frequently absent) ; a few small avicularia with triangular mandibles on the free edge of the zoarium. M.C. ; B.R. ; C.C. (W.). Living. Australia. The avicularinm is present in almost all the zocecia of some of the fossils, while in others it is mostly absent as in recent specimens where it is very seldom seen. The surface of recent specimens is covered Avith a glistening epitheca and the pores are scarcely visible without incineration. It is allied to both Mucronella and Porella, but I think is properly made the type of a distinct genus. When describing it in T.H.S.Y. and P.Z.V., I had not recognised its identity with Forclla emeudata of Waters, whose specific name must take priority over that of Busk. Eliynchopora, JZiiicks. Zoarium encrusting. Thyrostome rounded above, the lower lip straight and entire or with a slight sinus ; an uncinate process on the edge of or within the lower lip, and below it a prominent mucro. 1. S. hlspiiiosa, Johnston, sp. PI. XIIL, fig. 16. 1 bi'lieve tlie specimen figured to belong to this very variable species, which occurs living in Europe and Australia. Pull descriptions will be found in B.M.P. and P.Z.V. M.C. 2. B. longirostris, Hincks. PI. XIIL, figs. 17, 18. Bhijnchopora longirostris, Hincks, A.M.N.H., Aug., 1881; McG., P.Z.V., 196; R. imjfanda, McG., T.Il.S.V., Oct., 1881, P.Z.V., 196. Zooecia large, broadly ovate, frequently with a row of pores on the margins ; surface smooth or in older zocecia granular ; thyrostome wide, loAver lip entire ; an uncinate process becoming developed on one side and a prominent mucro below it. M.C. The few specimens I have seen seem to be mostly from the growing edges of colonies, and do not shew the fully formed zocecia, none of them having the characteristic large avicularia ol' the recent specimens, although a few small ones are present. Pull description from recent specimens will be found in P.Z.V. 102 A MONOGRAIMI OF THE TEllTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 3. B. spinifcm, n.sp. PI. XTTT., (1-. 19. Zoaiiiiiii fiicmsting. Zocecia broadly ovate or sul)circiilar ; tliyrostome large with about eigbt spines on tlie upper nuiryin, lower lip in young zoteeia straigbt, in older Avitli a large proeess rising from one side and eurved over towards tlie opposite, w Iiieb it nearly meets but leaves a narrow inclostnl sinus ; in many zotecia on one side of the tliyrostome a round avicularium or vibracular pore on a slight eminence. M. Aspidostoma, H/'ncks. Zoariuni l)ilaminate, expanded and foliaceous. Zooccia with the sides tumid, especially in the upper part; tliyrostome at th(^ summit of the zotecium, partly concealed by the tumid border, arched above, straight Ix-low, and protected in front by a broad, shield-like plate or muero which is continued downwards for some distance within the zocccium. 1. A. crassum, Uincks. PI. XIII., fig. 12. Asjridosloma crassum, Uincks, A.M.N. II., Feb., 1881 ; .'' Eschara gigantea. Busk, B.M.C., Pt. IL, p. 91 ; A. glgauteiim, id., C.P., Pt. L, p. 161. Zoarium expanded, forming foliaceous expansions contracted towards the base. Zooccia large, ovate or pyriform, separated by grooves, dense sides, especially above, tumid, the front depressed below the tliyrostome, but with a central tumid ridge extending for a short distance downwards ; tliyrostome arched above, straight below, the lower edge with a broad squared plate, witii a thickened margin extending to the sides of the ai)erture, between which and the plate it forms a loop-shaped notch. Ooccia elongated, depressed and flat, minutely granular. AV.P. Living between Patagonia and Palkland Islands (llincks) ; Patagonia and Tristan da Cunha (Jiusk). Uincks describes the margin of the hood-like border overarching the tliyrostome as rising into two pointed processes with a narrow cleft between. These are not seen hi my specimens, although in some of the zoo'cia tliere is a slight projection on each side wbieli probably represents them worn olV. lie also describes an avicu- larium (absent in the i"ossils) leaning against the side of many of the zotecia a little below the upper (extremity. Dtherwise the recent and fossil forms entirely agree. Busk eonsidiM'ed his own and ilincks' species as identical, but as that admits of some doul)t, I ha\e retained the speciiie name given by Uincks. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 103 Porina, 2>' Orhkjmj. Zoarium encrusting or erect and uni- or bilarainate or cylindrical. Zoojcia \\\W\ the thyrostome subcircular, the peristome produced and having one or more suboral pores opening into its cavity above the operculum. The essential character of this genus is the presence of one or more suhoral pores opening into the peristomial chamber in front of the operculum, and so difPering from the special pores of the Microporellidoe, which open into the body cavity. 1. P. gracilis, Milne Edwards, sp. PI. XIV., figs. 21-24. Eschara gracilis, Milne Edwards, Sur les Eschares, p. 28 ; Busk, E.M.C., II., 91 ; C.P., Pt. I., lil ; McG., P.Z.V., AS ; Cpllaria coronafa, Reuss, Eoss. Polyp, der Wien. Tcrt., p. 62 ; Forina coronata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 333 ; Spiropori na vertehralis, Stoliczka, Eoss. Bryoz. der Orakei Bay, p. 106; Forliia Dieffeuhachiaua, id., p. 135 ; Leptohothrus spenceri, T. S. Hall, T.R.S.V., Oct., 1892, described as a Stylasterid. Zoariuni encrusting, lobed and bilaminate, or cylindrical. Zocecia mostly indistinct in the crustaceous and lobed form, more distinct in the cylindrical, surfnce closely pitted ; thyrostome circular or wider than high ; peristome thick on od and slightly raised, or much elongated and tubular, in both cases with a circle of small, round, frequently elevated avicularia on its free edge ; peristomial pore immediately below the thyrostome or a short distance down the zoarium ; small avicularia similar to those round the thyrostome scattered irregularly over the zoarium, and occasion- ally a few large spatulate ones. The following varieties may be indicated, taking the lobed form as ilie typical : — Var. {a) dieffenhachiana, Stol. Branches cylindrical ; zooecia irregularly arranged. Var. {h) rertebralis, Stol. Branches cylindrical ; zooecia arranged verticillately. Var. ((?) tubidifera. Branches cylindrical, slender ; zorecia with tlie peristome much produced and tubular. S.P. ; M.C. ; B. ; C.B. ; Belm. ; M. ; C.C. (W.) A common living Australian species. The lobate form is that usually found recent, while the great majority of the fossil specimens an^ cylindrical. 104 A MONOGHAni OF THE TERTIAUV POLYZdA OF VICTORIA. 2. P. crihroria, n.sp. PI. XIA^, fig. 25. Zoarimn eylindric'il. Zorecia largo, altovnate in longitudinal sorios, separated laterally by distinct raiscnl margins, elongated, (]u;idvat(> ; surface^ convex, with numerous rounded deep pits; tliyrostomc aridied above, nearly straight below, pcH'istome thickened ; a large rounded peristomial pore below the lower li]) ; a large sessile aviculai'ium on each sid(> ol' the thyrosiome, witli tlie triangulai- mandible directed inwards and the rostrum incorporated at ils extremity willi the ])('rist()me. S.r. ; H. A very handsome and distinct species. 3. P. larvHlis, McG. Tl. XIV., fig. 20. LeproJia hn-ralis, McG., P.Z.V., 37; Porh/a hnn,H><, Waters, Q.J.G.S , 1S82, p. 509. Zoarium encrusting. Zofocia indistinct, surface (Mitirely occupied by large round pores ; thyrostomc large;, semicircular, straight below, with a large spine articulated close to each angle ; peristome below much developed and forming a large pointed mucro, with two large peristomial pores, separated by a thickened vertical ridge, and liaving a similai' ridgt; on the outside of each ; avicularia (not always ])r('si'nt) large, with triangular mandibles, below or to the side of the peristomial ])ores. M. ; B. (W.) Living. Australia. In recent specimens there is usually a lliiek cpillu'ea covering the front of the zococia, but not closing the peristomial pores. I place this species in Porina on account of (he situation of the large suboral ojienings, but am not quite satisfied as to the ])r()))riely of doing so. It may ])ossibly prove to be a Iliantopora. Family TuBrcicLLAitTTD.E. Zoarium erect, branched, branches cylindrical. Zooecia arranged around an imaginary axis, convex, distinct ; thyrostome ])roduced into a tubidar ])eristom(\ Xo avicularia. Tubucellaria, D'Orhifjny. Zoarium consisting of cylindrical interno(l(>s, connected by corneous tub(>s. Zodicia ventricose above and attenuated downwai'ds ; usually a simple circular median pore; surface punctuate, porous or reticulate. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 105 1. T. cereoides, Ellis and Solancler. PI. IV., fig. 1. Cellaria cereoides, E. aud S., Zoophytes, 26 ; Lamouroux, P.C.E., 127 ; Tubu- cellaria cereoides, McG., T.R.S.V., Nov., 1884 ; id., P.Z.V., 18. Zocecia ovate ; surface pitted ; tliyrostomc suhcircular, straighter helow, peri- stome tliickened and turned forwards, its outer surface obscurely grooved and surrounded at the hase by a raised line. Var. areolata (fig.) Zocecia much elongated, separated by narrow raised lines, depressions or areohc on surface much elongated. M.C. ; M. Recent. The specimens which I have of the normal are very fragmentary, and, although suflicient for identification, are scarcely perfect enough for figuring. The var. areolata, from Muddy Creek, has the zooecia much elongated, and the pits or areohie are very much elongated. It might be advisable to consider it as a distinct species, but I think not. 2. T. marginata, n.sp. PI. IV., figs. 2, 3. Zoa>cia ovate, flattened in front, with distinct raised margins ; surface thickly covered with large, round, elevated pores ; thyrostome with the peristome thick, much raised, projecting forwards at nearly a right angle, its outer surface granular. No special zoojcial pore. S.P.; M.C. The zooecia are l)ordered by distinct raised margins, those of contiguous zoo?cia being separated by a narrow groove. The pores are raised and tubular. In the most perfect peristomes the edge is slightly expanded, everted and sinuous. Family Prostomariid^. Zoarium erect, branched. Zocecia uniserial, alternate, cylindrical, opening on one aspect fm'wards and outwards, posterior surface separated from the anterior by a narnjw raised line; peristome much produced. Prostomaria, n.g. Characters as for the family, 1. P. gibbericollis, n.sp. PI. III., fig. 28. Each zocecium arising from the posterior and lateral part of the preceding by a broad base, the upper part turned forwards ; anterior surface finely punctate, with small bordered pores ; thyrostome with the peristome much produced, forming a 106 A JIONOGRAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. broad tumid ving oontvnctiiif;' towards tlie orifice, which is again slightly produced and Incerated or ol)scurely bilabiate. Posterior surface finely granular. S.P. ; M.C. The lines separating the anterior from the posterior surface of the zocecia are not (|uite lateral i)ut somewhat posterior. They are not quite continuous throughout tlie leugtli of the zoarium, rising from the ])Osterior part of the peristome and extending, but gradually becoming thinner to the base of the zoa'cium. These lines a good de;d I'csemble tlie vilnccs of llotepora, and the character oC the surfaces is different, as in that genus. They, however, do not spread or divide, but are quite regular, simply s(>parating the two as])ects. OtherAvise, there is no afhnity l)ctween the genera. There can, I think, be no doubt of the propriety of establishing a new family for the reception of this species, its nearest allies being the Tid)ucellariida3. Pamily Bitectiporid^. Bitectipora, v.g. B. Ihieata, n.sp. PI. XIII., fig. 20. (For description see Appendix.) Family Celleporid^. Zoarium encrusting or more or less free and uni- or bilaminate, or dendroid, or forming clustei'cd masses. Zofficia (adult) urceolate, irregularly heaped togethei-, the upper parts being free ; thyrostome terminal, subcircular, or with a straight or hollowed lip, with or without a sinus. Lekythopora, McG. Zooecia flask-shaped or elongated, oblique or erect and crowded ; primary thyrostome with a deep notch in th(> lower lip and a small aviculariiun at one side ; peristome becoming produced into a long tubular orifice, on one sidt^ of the margin of whicli is the aviculariura connected with its original position by a minute semi- sjiiral tube. Orx'cia projecting from the front of the zooecia beloAV the thyrostome, covered by a chitinous or subcalcareous plate. 1. L. lujstrix, McG. PI. XIV., figs. 1, 2. Lekythopora kystrix, McG., P.Z.V., 15G ; Waters, Q..T.G.S., 1886, p. 308. S.P. ; M.C. ; H. ; C.B. ; M. Living. Australia. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 107 This is a common Australian living species, forming small, simple or branclicd clusters on other calcareous polyzoa, mostly Adeona and Hornera. The zooscia are much confused, oblique or erect, usually smooth, and with a few round pores. The oral avicularium is not ahvays present even in recent specimens. It is originally situated at the side of the primary thyrostome, and as the peristome is developed it is carried upwards in a semispiral manner, its course being usually marked by a slender tube. The ooecium forms an enlargement on the front of the zoa3cium, the most prominent part being closed by a disk-shaped convex membrane, chitinous, and becoming calcareous with age in recent specimens, in the fossils calcareous, and usually marked with concentric grooves or pores. Cellepora, Fabrlcins. Zoarium crustaccous, adnate, or glomerulous, or foliaceous and partly free, or erect and ramose. Zooecia, in the crustaceous and foliaceous forms, erect and confused in the central parts, decumbent at the growing edges ; thyrostome with the lower lip entire ; one or more rostral processes (frequently absent), usually bearing avicularia in the neighbourhood of the thyrostome ; other scattered avicularia of various forms. 1. C. ahdtta, n.sp. PL XIV., fig. 3. Zoarium encrusting. Zoa-cia rounded, erect, l)ases confluent, surface smooth or slightly granidar ; thyrostome large, subcircular, peristome not thickened or produced ; no avicularia or rostra in the specimens seen. Ooicia hemispherical, immediately below the thyrostome, with no visible external opening, surface Avith tine stride radiating from opposite the middle of the lower lip. There are occiisionally a few small pores towards the margins of the zooecia, and others, mostly larger, between them. Some of the latter may possibly l)e avicularian, but I think not. S.P. I refer this species douljtf idly to Cellepora, and it might perhaps be advisable to foimd a new genus for its reception, characterised by the suljcircular thyrostome, destitute of peristome, and the absence of rostra or oral avicularia. 2. C. trideuticitlata, Busk. PI. XIV., figs. 1, 5, 6. Cellepora trkleuticulata. Busk, C.P., Pt. I., p. 198 ; McG., P.Z.V., 1-28. Zoarium small, encrusting. Zooecia irregularly arranged, confused ; thyrostome arched above, straight below, with three, or occasionally four, quadrate denticles on the lower lip ; 2-1 spines articulated above ; a small avicularium, usually on a raised process, below the mouth. P2 108 A MONOGRAPH OF TUB TKUTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. S.r. ; M.C. ; B. ; C.B. Living. Australia. Tlic sjx'ciinens arc not in a very g'ood condition, and only a few of the zocccia shew the niark.s of tlic oral sjnncs. The one shewn in lig. 5 I Avas at first inclined to refer to a dill'crent species, but I think it is only an early stage. In some of its zoa^cia there is a row" of 6-8 spines on the np2)er edge of the thyrostonie. In niost (here is no appearance of the internal denticles, but in one they are present. A^ar. nmnmularia, Busk. I'l. XIV., ligs. (5, 6ft, iSh, 6c, Tenison Woods, T.K.S.V., 1861, p. 3 ; C. trideuticidata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1885, p. 306. In this variety the zoarium is discoid or dome-shaped, 10-20 millimetres in diameter, and is formed of several superjjosed layers of zoa'cia. The overlajjping of these is marked on the under surface by concentric rings, the zocecia themselves being distinct and arranged in regular radiating series. In some of the largest sjiccimens the posterior surface is very concave, and the zoarium has the appeai-ance of that of a large Lunulites. In others, mostly smaller, the posterior surface is convex, tlu; whole zoarivim being j^roportionately thicker and dome-shaped. S.P; B.E. ; C.B. ; G. 3. C. /ossff, Haswell, sp. I'l. XIV., figs. 8, 9, 10. Sphuirophora fossa, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. V., 1'2 ; Cellcpora fussa, Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, p. 313; 1885, 307. Zoarium small, about tivc millimeters diameter, lenticular, more convex on one side; in most specimens, on one side, one or more small deep round pits. Zocecia confused, projecting forwards, rounded; thyrostonie arched above, straight and entire below; a rounded a\'icularium on an ele\ation immediately below the thyrostome. S.P.; B.R.; C.B. ; W.P. ; C.C. (W.). In most specimens there is a single pit on one side near the centre, in others there are several, and occasionally they are absent. The suboral elevation is mostly broken open, when it forms with the thyrostome a single large aperture divided by a narrow cross-bar. In one specimen it is in most of the zoa^cia produced into a slightly elevated conical process Avith a small o2)euing, evidently aAicularian, at the summit. 1. C. serrata, u.s]). PL XIV., lig. 7. Zoarium cireidar, convex above, flat or hollowed beloAv, Avitb a central pit on the under surface. Zocecia irregularly arranged, rounded, siu-face granular ; thyrostome arched above, contracted beloAv ; loAver lip straight, with about six shoi-t. .\ro7>N A MONOGRAPH OF THE TEKTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTOKIA. 109 squared denticles; a large, I'ounded elevation extending- downwards from tlie lower lip and having a semicircular avicularium opening upwards. B.R., Mr. Hall. This is allied to the last species, from which it differs in the internal denticles on the lower lij) and the larger size and more regular form of the suhoral elevation ; the avicularium also is different and ojjens upwards on the margin of the lower lip-v "''•'} resembling that of some species of Porella. i^. '' .^v 5. C. albirostris, Smitt, sp. PL XIV., fig. 11. Disco2)ora albirostris, Smitt, Eloridan Bryozoa, Pt. IL, p. 70 ; Cellepora albirostris, Busk, C.P., Pt. I., p. 193 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1885, p. 301. I have two or three specimens from Schnap^ier Point, one of the best of Avhieh is figured. A full description will be found in P.Z.V. It occurs living in the Gulf of Florida and Australia and was got by the " Challenger " Expedition off" Heard Island. Schismopora, McG. Characters as for Cellepora, except that the thyrostome has a sinus in the lower lip. 1. S. costata, McG. PI. XIV., fig. 12. Cellepora costata, McG., P.Z.V., 118 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1885, p. 303 ; 1887, p. 68. Zoarium encrusting, or forming small masses adhering to algaj or other bodies. ZoTOcia large, very irregular, mostly erect, surface strongly ribbed; thyrostome lofty, ai'ched above, with a deep, rounded sinus in the lower lip ; a stout, thick process from the peristome on each side, surmounted by a conspicuoiis avicularium. M.C. ; B. ; C.B. ; M. A common living Australian species. In good specimens the surface is beautifully fluted with prominent convex ribs extending nearly the Avliole length of the zorecia and frequently thickened above. The processes supporting the oral avicularia vary in size, being usually Aery prominent, but occasionally the avicularia are almost sessile. There are also in many sijecimens large scattered spatulate vicarious avicularia. None of the fossils have ocEcia. In recent specimens they are of considerable size, extending nearly horizontally from the upper edge of the thyrostome, rounded, occasionally smooth, but usually with a sculjotured area. 2. S. iHodesta, n.sp. PL XIV., fig. 13. Zoarium small, encrusting. Zocecia at the margins decumbent, confused and 110 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OE VICTORIA. erect in tlu> c(Mitr;il parts, smooth; tliyrostoiuc subcircular, Avitli a conspicuous rounded .sinus in the lower lip ; the margins thick and tumid. M.C. I have i^'real douht whether this may not be really identical with C. costazel. The spi-cimeus ai'e all small. In some of the zooocia the peristome is a little more pi'ominent on each side ; there is, however, no appearance of avicularia in any of the specimens. 3. S. costazel, Audouin. Cellep(>r(( hnssallii (Johnston), Busk, B.M.C., Ft. II., p. SO ; C. costazel, Hincks, B.M.P., 411; McG., P.Z.V., lia or this I have only two or three specimens too imperfect for description or illustration, ])ul still sufficient to leave no doubt of the identification. II ; M. A living Australian and European species. 1. ,S'. (jranitm, Ilincks. PL XIV., tig. It. Ccllepora grannm, Uincks, A.M.N.H., Aug., 1881 ; Busk, C.P., 205 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, p. 410 ; A.M.N.H., Sept., 1887. Zoarium smaU. Zooecia ovate, distinct at the margins, confused and erect in the central parts ; thyrostome rounded, Avith a distinct narrow sinus in the lower lip ; peristome produced above to form a lofty mucro having a small ovate avicu- larium on the inner aspect at the apex, and rising on each side into a point. Owcium situated Ix'low tlu; thyrostome, projecting, rounded, with a semicircular space in Trout, bouudcd by a distinct border and traversed by converging grooves. M.C. (W.) ; B. Living. Australia. 5. 5*. iiwus, n.sp. PI. XIV., tig. 15. Zoarium massive, lobed, in the specimen figured anvil-shaped. Zoojcia con- I used, indistinct, immersed, surface finely graiuilar ; thyrostome opening straight forwards, arched above, lower lip with a wide sinus, a sharj) internal denticle, on i-acli side ; scattered rounded avicularia, on elevations, interspersed among the zocecia. S.P. 'there are specinu'us of several otlier species of Celle])ora and lSchismo]iora, but in too imperfect a condition for certain identificcition or (U'scription in so difhcult a genus. Among IIkiu are, I believe, C. intermedia (McG.) and C. co)-onopiis (S. Wood). A MONOGRAPH OP THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. Ill Family Keteporid.^. Zoariiim calcaromis,oi'Oct, foHaccoiis, fenestrate, reticulate or ramose, originatinijf from a contracted base. Zocecia oblique, closely united or immersed, indistinct posteriorly. Eetepora, Imperato. Zoarium usually fenestrate or reticulate, rarely simjily branched ; posterior surface vibicate. 1. It. heaniana. King. PL XV., figs. V, 8. i?. hoanlatm. Busk, B.M.C., Pt. II., 94; Crag. Pol., 75; Ilincks, B.M.P., 391 ; AYaters, Q.J.G.S., 1883, 319. Zoarium fenestrate. Zocecia separated by narrow raised lines, ovate, slightly convex, projecting slightly forwards above ; surface smooth or with irregular small depressions ; thyrostorae arched above, straight below, each side of the peristome forming an acute process ; an elevation on the lower lij) surmounted by a nearly circular avicularium, the semicircular mandible directed downwards and forwards, the upper edge of the avicularium produced into a sharp spine ; on the front of the zooecia, towai'ds the upper jiart, frequently an elliptical avicularium, with the mandible pointed straight or obliquely downwards. Dorsal surface divided angularly by sharp vibices, smooth, and with scattered elliptical avicularia. S.P. Recent Europe. Crag., England. This species, although Avell known in Europe, has not as yet been found living in Australia. 2. B.fissa, McG. PI. XV., figs. 9, 10. B. fissa, McG., T.R.S.V., 1869 ; id., P.Z.V., p. 95 ; B. marsupiata, Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Pt. II., 67 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, 342; «/., var. miicroiiatd. I.e., 1883, 439. Zoarium fenesti'ate. Zooecia elongated, rhomboidal or ovate, separated by distinct raised margins ; thyrostome (primary) hollowed or straight below, the peri- stome largely developed ; the secondary aperture projecting upwards and forwards, a slight sinus iii lower lip, from which extends downwards a narrow groove, frequently closed in front, especially in the lower part, to form a tube ; at the end of this groove or tube frequently a small pore ; an avicularium to one side or below the extremity of the groove, with the mandible directed straight or obliquely down- wards ; occasionally other avicularia on the front of the zoa'cia. Oa'cium rounded, with a vertical slit wider above. Dorsal surface divided by narrow vibices, smooth or finely granular, and occasionally with a few scattered avicularia. 112 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. S.P. ; ]M.C. ; B. ; C.B. Recorded liy Waters also from S.AV. Victoria, Mt. Gambicr, and .Vldinga. Recent Florida and Australia. In the typical form this is a Avell-mavked species. The much-produced peristome has a lonLj narrow groove extending downwards, frequently closed over in whole or -in part to form a tube, in which case there may l)e another slight groove on each side ; in many instances there is a small pore at its termination. The avicularium varies much. It is inostly situated on a considerable elevation, the mandible, frequently of considerable size, directed obliquely or straight downwards ; sometimes it is quite small, with the mandible rounded. In many zooccia it is altogether wanting. Waters' var. )ut(ei'0)iala has a large oval avicularium below the thyrostome, and above this the peristome rising into a mucro. It has a considerable resemblance to B. (tcicitlifera, but Waters figures the characteristic ooecia of i?. Jissa. Var. in sign is. Zoa?cia broad, flat, of nearly uniform width, with a narrow raised margin; lower lip of thyrostome widely hollowed, the angles pointed, and with a small sinus; frequently tAVO small ])or(>s inferinrly ; no avicularia. S.P. ; M.C.; B. Var. he.ragona (fig. 9). Zooecia broad, flat, hexagonal, with narrow raised margins; peristome much produced ; lower li]) with a small sinus from which extends a short ridge or tube. M.C. 3. E. acicHlifera, n.sp. PI. XV., figs. 2, 3, 4. Zoarium fenestrate. Zooccia ovate, smooth, separated by distinct raised lines ; thyrostome with a sharj) aeiciilate mucro in the centre of the lower lip and a slightly raised process on either side; immediately beloAV this a long raised sessile triangular avicularium (occasionally absent), with the mandible pointing downwards and reaching to the middle of the zofficiiun ; Ix-low this avicularium a small round pore. Ooecia elongated, little j)rominent, smooth above or with a small fissiu'c, grooved below, and the lower margin forming a broad ])late with a roundeil notch on each side. JJorsal surface smooth, with irregular I'aised vibices and a few ovate avicularia. S.P. 4. i?. rimata. Waters. PI. XV., figs. 12, 13. n. riniafa. Waters, Q.T.G.S., 1881, .",13. Zoarium prol)ably fenestrate, trabecul;e narrow. ZocRcia elongated, narro\\(>d below, separated by narrow raised lines ; ])eristonie projecting forwards with a A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 113 vertical fissure exteudiug its whole length, forming a large prominence on each side, witli the inner margin turned hackwards especially towards the hasc of the sinus ; the peristome frequently surrounded by a narrow raised line. A small avicularium below the thyrostome with the broad mandible pointed downwards, and below tha^,^^;,. x/'oT^x^ a small pore (lioth frequently absent). Dorsal surface divided into areas, angulrM" |,|.. above and below, separated by narrow raised vibiccs, smooth, with numerous smaJjj^fQf^TatH'^ nodular elevations and a few small pores ; scattered immersed elliptical avicularia, with the mandible expanded and sometimes almost spatulate. S.P.; M.C. ; B. ; C.B. Distinguished l)y the lofty peristome bulging on each side of the median fissure, and by the elongated noduliferous areas on the back of the zoarium. 5. Z?. avicularis, McG. B. avicularis, McG., T.R.S.V., 1882 ; P.Z.V., 94, 95. Zoarium fenestrate ; fencstrfc elongated, wider than the narrow trabecular. Zoo3cia ovate, sejiaratcd by narrow raised margins ; thyrostome with a small sinus in the lower lip, the angles on each side of the sinus produced into a sharp point ; on the front of the zooecium a large bullate elevation supporting an avicularium, and frequently a small elliptical avicularivim to one side ; several small pores on the front of the zoa?cia. Dorsal surface strongly vibicate, with a few avicularia. S.P. Recent Victoria. I have only a single specimen, which seems referable to R. avicularis. In the recent specimens there is a long spine on each side of the thyrostome. In the fossil the processes on the sides of the sinus are not so distinct and the spines are only shewn on one or two of the zocecia. In the recent form there are no anterior avicularia except those on the bullate elevations. There are no ocEcia in the fossil specimen, in the recent they are rounded and entire. I have little doubt, however, of the identification. 6. B. schiuqjperensis, n.sp. PI. XV., fig. 6. Zoarium fenestrate. Zoojcia wider in the middle, separated by prominent raised lines ; thyrostome nearly circular, with a small rounded notch in the lower lip, and two or three spines (usually absent) above ; peristome thickened all round, more produced at the sides ; an avicularium about the middle of the zocecium. Dorsal surface smooth, with raised vibices ; an avicularium usually towards the inferior part of each area. S.P.; B. Q 111. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 7. /'. tossoJlala, var. honomnuila, lliiicks. PI. XV., fig. 11. 7?. fesf^rllah,, llincks, A.M.N.H., May, 1S78; McG., P.Z.V., 99. I liavc a small, not very -wcll-proscrved ffai^'inent of a spccimon which ought prohahly to ho vcforred to this sp(>cies. The zooecia arc irregularly shaped, hroad and rounded ahovc, contractcnl below, with narrow raised margins; tlie thyrostomc ai'clied al)ove, straight below, with a small elliptical avicularium placed transversely on a slight elevation on the lower li]) ; the marginal zooecia with several spines ; a large immei'sed avicularium, with long triangular mandible, placed transversely across the zocccium a little above the middle, and a few other minute avicularia irregulai-ly situated. Dorsal surface mapped into distinct areas, separated by narrow sharp vibices and each containing one or more large avicularia similar to those on the front of the zooecia. The specimen does not shew the thyrostomc vci'y clearly, but, so far as can be made out, the uj^iier angles of the zooecia at the sides are not produced and elevated as in the recent form, in which also there is no oral avicularium. S.P. 8. R. permnnito , n.s}). Pi. XV., iigs. 17, IS. Zoariuin fenestrate; fenestnie small, elliptical, about the same width as the trabeculie. Zooecia elongated, separated by narrow raised lines ; thyrostomc in central zooecia \\\t\\ a distinct roimd sinus in the lower lip, in the lateral zooecia the peristome produced, especially to one side, and lacerated or serrated for spines ; a few scattered avicularia on the front of the zocecia on large mound-like elevations. Ocecia rounded, convex, smooth, entire and subimmersed. Dorsal surface smooth, divided into angular spaces by Avell-defined vibices ; numerous rounded or elliptical avicularia in the spaces ; and on the margins of the fenestrfc a series of large avicularia, the fenestral extremity of which is raised and the mandible directed away from the fenestra?. M.C. Readily distinguished by the peculiar arrangement of the dorsal avicularia. 9. J?, monilifera, McG. B. moniUfem, McG., T.R.S.V., 1859 and 1883; P.Z.V., 9G, 97. Zoarium fenestrate ; fenestrjp OA^al, small, narrower than ilie trnbecuhm ; zooecia separated by narrow raiscnl lines ; thyrcstome with a sinus in Hie lower b'p and a small avicularium (not well .shewn in trahccultc ; the transverse; hars joining the branches non-eellil'erons. ZocKcia indistinct, raised anteriorly ; surracc; sniootli, thyrostome (primary) immersed, rounded above Avitb a sinus in the lower lip ; in most zocecia the i)eristome mnch produced on one side of the sinus (less on the other), thick, jn-ojecting forwards and seemingly (?) having an avieularinm on its margin. Dorsal surface finely granular, divided into irregular spaces by nai'iow vibices. B. 11. It. cork'iisis, n.sp. PL XV., fig. 19. Zoarium bianched. Zoacia irregularly rhomboidal or hexagonal, separated by narroAv raised lines ; surface smooth ; thyrostome rounded, straight beloAv ; peristome raised, with a stout spine on either side about or a little above the middle; a linguil'orm avicularium on its lower edge, the base at the middle of the lower lip and the mandible extending to one side obliquely outwards and doAvn- Avards ; a small sessile or immersed avicularium about the middle of the zooecia. Dorsal surface smooth, divided into large irregidar s2)aees by narrow sharp vibices. CD. 15. B. siihimmersa, n.sp. PI. XV., fig. IG. Penestrae elongated, pointed above and l)eloAV, Avider than the trabeculae. Zooecia narroAV, elongated, separated by narrow raised lines; surface smooth or very faintly granular; thyrostome roiuided, i)eristome thickened, Avith a distinct rovmded sinus inferiorly. Otucia ineons2)icuous, convex, jjartly immersed. Dorsal surface smooth or faintly granular, traversed by irregular narroAV vibices. B. IG. i?. sinuosa, Kii'kp. PL XV., figs. 1, la. a. simiosa, Kii-kp., A.M.X.II., 1888. Zoarium fenestrate; fenestras small, elongated, rather narrower than the trabecuke, Zoacia irregularly shajied, separated by prominent raised lines ; thyrostome rounded above and finely denticulate or crenidate, Avith a deep rounded sinus in the loAver lip much contracted at its commencement, so as to give the Avhole a clithridiate appearance ; surface irregular, Avith scattered elliptical avicularia and pores. Dorsal surface divided by distinct but little elevated vibices, each area Avilh a small rounded or elliptical avicularium. S.P. Living. Australia. A MONOGRAPU OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 117 17. H. Impar, ri.sp. Zoarmm thick ; fcnestrtc small, elliptical, about the same width as or rather narrower than the traheeiikc. Zofficia indistinct, smooth or very finely granular; thyrostome rounded, within the lower edge a plate with a sinus (frequently bridged _ over) to one side, and with a prominent avicularium on the larger side; frequently , .^^■^^'^'^''^'f?:;^,^. an avicularium Avith a long narrow mandible directed obliquely or transversely and.''-' . -. _v / situated on a wide, much-raised elevation on the front of the zoa3cium below the ^>-1ifti,ia3^-' thyrostome. Dorsal surface smooth or minutely granular, divided by faint vibices into elongated spaces with numerous small round pores (probably avicularian). B. Allied to the living R. aurantiaca. 18. B. lineata, n.sp. PL XV., fig. 6. Zoarium thick ; fenestrse small, elongated, elliptical, about half as wide as the trabeculsB. Zocecia very irrcg ular in shape and arrangement, traversed by numerous irregular sinuous raised lines ; surface smooth and with a few small pores ; thyro- stome rounded and much depressed above, a distinct rounded sinus in the lower lip, with the angles produced upwards on each side into a prominent acicular spine, and having occasionally a smaller spine external to it ; numerous scattered, rather large, broadly linguiform avicularia, sessile, subimmersed or slightly raised. Dorsal surface smooth, divided into angular spaces by strongly-marked sharp vibices, with a few rounded pores, seemingly avicularian, and mostly one in each space. S.P. 19. £,. granulata, McGr. B. (jmnulata, McG., P.Z.V., 99. Zoarium fenestrate ; trabecuhe broad, nearly fiat in front. Zocecia indistinctly separated, surface finely granular; thyrostome subcircular, or with the lower lip straightened ; a depression on the edge of the lower lip, with a rounded or elliptical avicularium on one side and a small sinus on the other ; small immersed round avicularia on the front of the zoo3cia. Dorsal surface, with a few not very prominent vibices, granular ; numerous immersed circular avicularia. S.P. Recent Australian. I have only the single fragment. It is much less strongly granular than is usual in recent specimens. The divisions between the zooecia are almost obliterated, as are also the dorsal vibices. The arrangement about the thyrostome varies a good 118 A MOKOGRAPII OF THE TEKTIARY TOLYZOA OF VICTOKIA. deal ill vt'Ccut speciiaciis. lii the I'ossil the avicuhinum is .at one side, almost within thn aperture, and at the other side is a small sinvus or pore ; this is the normal arrangement. Sub-order CYCLOSTOMATA, Busk. I. AllTICULATA S. RADICATA. /uariuiii erect, hraiiehed, divided into distiiicl interiiodes by llexible joints, attached by radical tubes. Zooecia tubidar, calaireous, in one or two series. Family Ckisiiu.e. The only family. Crisia, Lamouroux. Two or more zoiecia in each inleruode, in two alternate series. 1. C. macrostoma, n.sp. PI. XVI., figs. 3, 4. Branches narrow, cylindrical, closely and distinctly i)uiictate. Zooicia entirely connate and undistinguishable ; thyrostome rounded or elliptical, opening outwards and upwards. M.C. I have only a fcAV specimens of this si)ecies and none oi' them seem to re])resent complete internodes. The zofecia are quite indistinct throughout. In that shewn in lig. 3 there is a faint raised line along the middle marking the division of the two series of zooecia. 2. C. f/mciUs, n.sp. PI. XVI., iig. 5. Branches very slender, punctate. Zoa'cia closely adnate throughout but defined on the surface, arched outwards ; thyrostome circular, scarcely projecting and opening outwards and upwards. M.C. Closely allied to the hist, of which it may Jje a slender \ariety. It dilVers in tlie zo(fcia being deliiunl on the surface by a faint groove and being more arched outwards. The puncta are also fewer and smaller. 3. C. acropora, Busk. PI. XVI., ligs. 2, 8, *J. C. aci-uporu. Busk, Voy. of " llattlesnake," Vol. L, 351; B.M.C., ill., 0; C.P., II., 6; McG., P.Z.V., 39. A MONOGRAPH OP THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 119 Internocles with 9-17 zoojcia, the numher usually hcing niue, finely punctate. Zocecia closely adnate ; thyrostome slisfhtly in'otluced and turned forwards, circular, with a sharp denticle from the outer and upper edge immediately hehind the maviijin of the orifice. 0«cia pyriform, on the front of the internodcs. Lateral l)ranches springing from the hase of the second zooscium on one side immediately ahove the thyrostome of the first. S.P. ; M.C. ; B.E. A common living Australian species. In the fossils the thyrostomcs are a good deal worn and the characteristic process is consequently not usually present. In some specimens, however, it is well shewn. In living specimens the joints are hlack. 4. C. elmrnea, Linn., sp. PI. XVI., fig. 10. C. ehunwa, Busk, B.M.C., III., 4; Hincks, B.M.P., 420; Busk, C.P., II., 5; C. margaritacea, Busk, B.M.C., III., 6. Internodes with 8-15 zooecia, finely punctate. Zocecia closely adnate ; thyro- stome turned forwards and slightly produced, circular, entire. Branches originating from the side of a zooecium, varying from the second to the fourth, immediately helow the orifice. M.C. ; B.E. Li^dng. Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia. This seems to he identical with Busk's C. margaritacea, which occurs rarely at Port Phillip Heads. In the recent sjiecimens the joints are pale-cohmred, not hlack as in C. acropora and C. denticnluta. The hranches are occasionally very slender. 5. C. scalaris, n.sp. PI. XA^L, fig. 1. Internodes very long and slender, with upwards of twenty zooecia, the surface minutely punctate ; crossed helow the thyrostomes hy small, slight, transverse elevations. Zocecia' indistinct ; thyrostome circular, slightly exserted and turned forwards and upwards. Dorsal surface finely punctate, crossed at intervals hy small transverse elevations similar to those in front. Branches originating hy a very wide articulation from the side of a zocecium. C.B. 6. C. sefosa, McG. PI. XVI., figs. 6, 11. C. sefosa, McG., P.Z.V., 39. Branches very slender. Internodes, with 4-10 zocecia, finely punctate. Zooecia very slender, distinct, closely adnate ; peristome produced, turned forwards and out- Avarcls heyond the edge of the internode; thyrostome circular, with a long hollow 120 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. spiiu' :u-ticulated to a hollow process behind and a little below the mart^in. Branches originating immediately below the thyrostome of a /oceciiim, usually the second. M.C. Living. Alctoria. At once distinguished Crom all the other s})ecies by the single spine articulat(^d behind tlie thyrostonu>. The upper part and orifices of the zooicia also project farther beyond the edge of the branch. 7. a feiinis, McG. PI. XVI., fig. 7. a tennis, McG., P.Z.V., 39. Internodes with 4-8 zooecia, punctate. Zorocia very narrow, distinct, peristomo much produced and turned forwards and oiil wards ; thyrostome circular, unarmed. Ofjocia pyriform, with a distinct tubular opening. Branches originating IVom the outer and posterior surface of a zocecium. M.C. Living. Victoria. I have only the specimen figured, bul thei'e is no doubt of \\u) identification. II. INARTICULATA. Zoariuni continuous, not divided into intei'nodes, erect, adnal(> or enerusting ; radical tiilics wlicii [H'csenl- multilocular and calcareous. Family Ipmoneid/E. Zoariuni (M-ect, hranehed, branches distinct or anastomosing. Zooecia distinct, opening on one surface only. Idmonca, Lamouroux. Zocecia arranged in parallel or subparallel rows, diA^erging on each side from the mesial line. 1. 7. hochstetteriana, Stol. PL XVI., figs. 12-16. Crisrna hochsfctteriana, Stol., Foss. Bryoz., Orakei Bay, p. 113 ; Idmonca hochstellerkoia. Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1881, G81. Zoarium irregularly branched; branches triangular, with a smooth raised ridge down the middle. Jlows of zotecia alternate, considerably ^jrojeeting. Zoa'cia usually three in each lateral series, closely luiited and confiuent, slightly produced at the thyrostomes, whole surface anterior and dorsal, ^\■ith numerous elongated pores A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 12] in longitudinal groovos. Oa^cia dorsal, in the continuity of a liraneli, closely covered with i^its 01" pores, and with a small ooecial opening on one side. S.P. ; M.C. ; Belmont. Fossil, Orakei Bay, New Zealand. Var. bairnsdalei. -',7\T'rrr. Zooicia usually four in a series, the innermost being quite or almost in the ^' I't ^-^J central line, which is very little raised, and has no distinct ridge. ^.:l<^£CNi3}:'^ B. This is an abundant species, especially in the Schnapper Point and Muddy Creek deposits. The branches usually divide dichotomously. Secondary branches occasionally spring from the sides of a main stem at right angles, or also slightly turned upwards. The varietv bairnsdalei differs in the absence of the central smooth rid^e, and in the greater numbpr of znoecia in the series. The innermost zocecium is almost in the centre of the branch, but it cannot be said to be one of an azygos series, the presence of which is the foundation of Jullien's proposed genus Tervia. The zocecia are also farther apart and more distinct towards the thyrostomes. Smitt (Eloridan Bryozoa, Pt. I., p. G) refers a Floridan specimen to. this species, but the identification admits of great doubt. 2. /. radians, Lamk. PI. XVI., fig. 18. Metepora radians, Lamk. Anim. Sans Vertebres, Ed. 1st, II., 183 ; Ed. 2nd, II., 279; Brussell's Ed., I., 250; Idmonea radians. Busk, B.M.C., III., 11; id., C.P., II., 10; McG., P.Z.V., 68; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1884, 684; ? Stoliczka, I.e., 116. Zoarium rising from a narrow base, the branches dividing dichotomously and usually spreading in a radiating manner, raised in front and flat behind. Zoojcia in alternate series of 1-1 ; when more than one in a series the inner the longest ; surface fribrillate and perforated. Dorsal surface longitudinally sulcate, the sulci occupied by pores. B. Living. Victoria. Of this, which is a not iTncommon recent species, I have only the figured specimen from Bairnsdale. In it the zocecia are mostly two, but sometimes three in a series, in the latter case the outermost being shorter and having the apertiu-e separated and not produced, while the inner pair project forwards and are closely united. R 122 A MONOGKAPII OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 3. /. aflantica, Edward Torbes. PI. XYT., fig. 17; PI. XVII., fig. 8. /. athndica, Busk, B.M.C., III., 11 ; C.P., II., 10 ; Ilincks, B.M.P., 451 ; McG., T.E.S.A^, 1886; Smitt, Floridan liryozoa, Pt. I., 0; Waters, Q.J.G.S., 1884, 683. Branches dicliotomously (Ua idcd, triangular in section. Zoa>cia distinct, connaie, in alternate rows of two or three, the innermost being tlu; longest, anterior portions turned much forwards, smooth. Dorsal surface tlat or slightly concave, finely longitudinally sulcate and occasionally transversely corrugated, the ridges between the sulci finely punctate. S.P. ; B. Living. Northern Europe, Madeira, Florida, Australia. '%. I. contorta, Busk. PI. XVII., figs. 4, 5. I. contorta, Ikisk, B.M.C., III., 12. Zoarium consisting of dicliotomously divided branches. Zoreeia in alternate .series of 4-(5, distinct throughout l)ut closely connate, tlu; u])per third shar2)ly turned forwards and nearly erect, smooth (from attritioii) or Ihuily punctiite. Dorsal siu'i'ace longitudinally finely ridged, the ridges continuous and separated by narrow grooves. B. ; C.B. Living. New Zealand. The zoa^cia are distinctly separated thi-oughout by shallow grooves whicli, lu)wev(>r, in some specimens are replaced by narrow raised lines. The ridges also on the back, are usually separated by narrow grooves which, Avitli age, ar(> similarly replaced ])y narrow raised lines. In the fossil specimens the branches are nearly or quite straight, Avhil(> in the recent they are short and contorted. I hav(>, however, one recent specimen trom New Zealand in Avhieh the branches are almost straight, so that I see no reason for separating the present even as a variety. 5. /. geminata, n.sp. PI. XVII., fig. 7. Branches rounded in front, slightly hollowed behind ; whole surface; closely punctate. Zocecia elongated, indistinct, arranged in alternate .«eries of two, united cxcejit at the extremities. Dorsal surface* transversely rugose. S.P. 6. 7. irujova, n.sp. PI. XVII., fig. 6. Zoarium dicliotomously branclunl ; branches trigonal in section, posteriorly very sliiihtlv convex, flat or usually slitjjhtlv holh)wed. Zocccia in alternate series of three, distinct tiiroughout, curved slightly forwards at the anterior extremity, A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 123 strongly punctate. Dorsal surface longitudinally sulcate, with narrow punctate ridges between the sulci. S.P. ; M.C. ; Belmont. 7. /. serialis, Stol. Plate XVI., fig. 20. /. serialis, Stol., Foss. Bryoz. Orakei Bay, p. 118. Zoarium dichotomously branched ; 1n-anches triagonal in section. Zowcia in alternate series of five, much elongated, distinct throughout, punctate. Dorsal surface slightly convex, longitudinally sulcate, with j^unctatc ridges between the sulci. M.C. Very doubtfully distinguished from the last, fx'om Avhich it differs in the more numerous and narrower zooecia and the finer punctation. 8. /. mciirva, n.sp. PL XVL, fig. 19. Zoarium dichotomously divided ; branches somewhat triagonal in section. Zooecia in transverse scries of about three, long, narrow, distinct throughout, anterior extremities sharply curved forwards and united up to the elliptical thyro- stomes. Dorsal surface with narrow,- continuous, longitudiual ridges, with distinct intervening sulci similar to those separating the zoa3cia in front. M.C. A very distinct and elegant species. The whole branch is formed by a mass of tubes, the dorsal ridges being the convex surfaces of the most superficial. 9. I. venusta, n.sp. PI. XVII., figs. 9, 10.. Branches very blender, dichotomously divided, nearly circular in section. Zooecia very long, in alternate series of two, distinct, the upper part curved forwards, smooth or minutely punctate ; peristomes much produced, tliose of each pair being separated from each other. Dorsal siirface with distinct, narroAV, convex ridges, closely punctate, separated by marked grooves. Occasional radical tubes from the posterior surface. M.C. This very beautiful species is distinguished by the long, slender pairs of zooecia projecting forwards above, and the much produced peristomes. One specimen, not otherwise distinguishable, is thicker and has three zooecia in each series. Ra 124 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIAKT POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 10. /. dicergens, n.sp. PI. XVIII., lii,'. 1. Branclies dichotomously divided, rounded in front, flattened behind. Zoa-cia in obli([iie lateral rows, semispiral or irres^ularly arranged, numerous, distinctly separated by louijitudinal grooves and narrow lines ; thyrostouie circular, turned slightly forwards. Dorsal surface smooth, with narrow, raised white lines diverging I'roni the centre to the circumference. B. The zoo3cia are arranged in series, but these are very irregular. Several are distinctly bilateral, in some there is only one series obliquely across the front, while again in others the series are much broken and numy of the zoct'cia irregularly placed. The dorsal surface is smooth but has a series of narrow, raised, white lines diverging upwards and outwards from the central line. Of these there are generally two to embrace the outer extremities of the zooecial series. This species forms a transition to the genus FUisparsa, and is evidently closely related to Jullien's Tervia solida. 11. /. semispiralis, n.sp. PI. XVIII., fig. 1. Branches round, dichotomously divided. Zo(jecia very long, in s^jiral series nearly extending the whole circumference of the branch ; surface punctate ; thyrostome elliptical, slightly projecting forwards. M.C. Allied to /. hifrons (Waters), but there is no break in the zooecial series in front. 12. /. liiihieaua, D'Orbigny. PI. XVII., figs. 1, 2. T. mlhieaua, D'Orbiguy, Voy. dans I'Amerique meridionale, V., p. 20 ; Busk, B.M.C., III., 12 ; id., C.P., II., 13 ; Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Pt. I., 8 ; McG., P.Z.V., 68 ; /. (jieheliana, Stol., Poss. Bry. Orakei Bay. Zoarium spreading; branches dichotomously divided, broad, anterior surface convex. Zoacia in o})posite curved series of 2-5 on each side, and usually an azygos one in the middle, distinct, but closely connate, except at the extremities, and much curved forAvards ; surface rough, with close-set small i-aised pores ; internal aspect of zooecia similarly furnished. Dorsal surface Avith longitudinal ridges separated by sulci, and in older parts transversely corrugated. M.C. ; B. Living. South America, Plorida, Australia. I am not sure that some of the specimens I have referred to this may not belong to the closely-allied living I. interjuncta (McG.). A MONOGRAPU OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 125 13. 7. lata, n.sp. PI. XVII., fig. 3. Branches broad and very slightly convex or nearly flat. Zooecia in curved series of about five on each side and usually an azygos one in the middle, long, distinct throughout but closely connate, curved forwards, peristome produced and turned ,. vT""^ forwards, surface smooth and destitute of raised pores. Dorsal surface in the only >,V"'"' specimen somewhat Avorn, but in the central part shewing longitudhial tubes (ojjcnod;^ ridges), and at the edges the same directed transversely outwards. "-'■ — -— -' M.C. Differs from /. milneaiia in the flatter branches, the more numerous and smaller zooecia, the absence of raised pores, and the dift'erence of the dorsal surface. 14. /. conferta, n.sp. PI. XVIII., fig. 3. Branches rather broad, sHghtly convex in front. Zowcia in opposite, rather close series, punctate, diverging from a central azygos one, indistinct except at the extremities, where the peristome is a very little raised and tumid ; thyrostome large and elliptical. Dorsal surface flat or slightly depressed, closely punctate, concen- trically corrugated, and having occasional bundles of radical tubes. M.C. Pilisparsa, B'Orblgmj. Branches more or less dichotomously divided. Zooecia on one side irregularly placed. Dorsal surface destitute of pores. Although I here adopt this genus, I have very great doubt as to its necessity. 1. F. orakeiensis, Stol. PL XVIII., fig. 5. F. orakeiensis, Stol., Eoss. Bryoz. Orakei Bay, p. 111. Branches narrow. Zooecia elongated, opening in obscure lines or irregularly arranged, closely vmited and depressed; thyrostome slightly raised and turned forwards, peristome sligiitly thickened. Dorsal surface finely punctate, longitu- dinally sulcate and concentrically corrugated. M.C. Hornera, Lamx. Zoarium branched; branches distinct, usually anastomosing or connected by cross-bars. Zoojcia distinct, opening irregularly on one surface. 12(5 A MONOGRAPH OF THK TEUTIAKV I'OLVZOA OK VICTORIA. 1. //. lichenoides, Poutoppidan. Tloniera lichenoides, llincks, B.M.P., 168; Busk, B.M.C., III., 17 ; Busk, C.P., 15. yVnterior suvl'aco iibriUate, the fibrilke narrow and smooth, the; enclosed spaces augidar l)('h)w and having- a lew ]ir)res ; thyrostonu; elliptical, the jjeristome elc^vattid and entire. S.B. A single small IVagment. Living. Euro]ie and .Australia. 2. n.frondiculata, Lamx. PL XVIII., ligs. 7, 8. PI. XIX., llg. 7. Ilornera frondiculala. Busk, B.M.C., III., 17. ; id., C.P., L, 15 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. 087. Zoai'ium robust, branches irregular, subcylindrical, mostly in one plane. .Interior surface with strong, smooth or transversely rugose fibrillaa, dividing it into elongated spaces, containing several pores, for t]u> zotecia ; zocecia with the peristome thickened and eiuarginate or l)iti(l above. Dorsal surface strongly longitudinally librillate, the librilhe usually nodulated or rugose, the intervening sulci with numerous pores. S.P.; M.C.; C.C. (W.); B. (W.). Living. Mediterranean. Var. aperta, PI. XIX., fig. 7. Zooecial spaces large, usually with a distinct pore below the zocecium, the separating fibrillse very prominent, Avith numerous sharp transv(!rse ridges ; anterior part prominent, tlu; thyrostome much raised at tlie sides and widely open ahove so as to liavc a horseshoe shape. Dorsal fibrillse very prominent, transversely ridged like the anterior, the intervening sulci narrow with well-marked pores. The only specimen is very stout, rising I'min an exjianded base. 3. II. qaadnUa, n-Sf). PI. XVlll., lig. 10. Braiu'lies slender. Anterior surface divided l)y wide, smootli or tulK-rciilatcd ridges into oblong spaces the width of the zoiecia and destitute of pores ; thyrostome at the upper extremity of each space in-ojecting, jjcristome circular, entire. Dorsal surface strongly longitudinally librillate, the ridges granular or transversely nodulated, and the intervening sulci destitute of pores. S.P. ; M.C. Distinguished by its slender brandies, the ii()n-j)or()iis I'cgular zod'cial spaces, the small, round, entire thyrostome, and the non-porous dorsal surface. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 127 4. E. curva, n.sp. PI. XVIII., fig. 6. Branches slender, nearly cyclindrical, dichotomously divided, curved and slightly twisted. Zocecia distinct, very long, turned sharply forwards at the anterior extremities ; the thyrostomes being prominent, circular and entire ; surface closely covered with minute prominences. Posterior surface longitudinally sulcate and transversely rugose, destitute of pores and having the ridges thickly covered with similar elevations to those on the front. M.C. A single specimen. 5. H. elevata, n.sp. PL XVIIL, fig. 9. Branches dichotomously divided. Anterior sui'face obscurely fibrillate, the fibrilla3 smooth and little prominent and with a few small pores in the sulci. ZocBcia raised anteriorly and frequently joined by lateral elevations separated by oblique depressions or furrows, and giving the whole an oliliquely serial appearance ; thyrostomes circular, peristome raised and entire. Posterior surface sharply longi- tudinally fibrillate, the fibrilhie prominent aud smooth. Belmont. 6. H.foliacea, McG. PI. XIX., fig. 1. Sornera foliacea, McG.. P.Z.V., pi. 118 ; Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. G8S ; Hetiliornerafoliacea, Busk, B.M.C., Pt. III. Zoarium formed of subparallel bi-anches, dichomotously divided and joined at irregular intervals by usually non-celliferous cross-bars. Anterior surface divided into elongated pointed ai'eas by prominent, well-marked fibrilla?, each area containing a zocecium ; several pores in the areas ; thyrostome slightly projecting in the central cells, thickened and emarginate above, in the lateral cells more produced and lacerated. Dorsal surface strongly fibrillate with pores between the fibrillar. M.C. ; B. (W.). Living. Victoria. This is a common living species fully described in P.Z.V. The expanded zoarium is formed by dichotomously-dividing branches, connected at irregidar intervals by straight transverse bars. These bars, as a rule, are entirely non- celliferous, although occasionally a zocecium from the branch is incorporated in it. In one specimen some of the branches anastomose directly without the intervention of the cross-bars, but in parts there is the usual non-celliferous connection. The fossils do not shew ooscia ; in recent specimens they are large and dorsal. 7. S. sulcata, n.sp. PI. XIX., figs. 2, 6. Zoarium massive, bi'anches thick, irregularly divided. Anterior surface strongly longitudinally fibrillate, the ridges thick and separated by deep sulci with ellijjtical 128 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TBRTIAUY POLTZOA OP VICTORIA. spaces for the openiniz:s of the zocccia ; thyrostomes little prominent or immersed, tlie peristome helow raised and entire or sinnated, and Avith a prominent rounded or suhconical eminence immediately below the lower margin. Posterior surface strongly longitudinally fibrillatc, the fibrillii; minutely tubercular or granular and the intervening sulci destitute of pores. B. 8. H. involnta, n.sp. PL XIX., fig. 3. Zoarium stout, branches irregularly dichotomously divided, slightly convex in front, flat and depressed behind. Anterior surface with strong, sharply-raised longitudinal ridges, between which are the depressions for the zocecia, tlie depressions having a few pores ; the zooecia in the centre irregularly arranged, on tlie margins arranged at regular intervals in transverse rows of one or hvo, the extei-nal much projecting ; peristome in the central zocecia projecting and frecjuently slightly prominent on each side and deficient above ; external zooecia with outer margin of peristome much produced and pointed. Posterior surface flat or slightly depressed, with longitudinal ridges, the broad intervening spaces usually crossed at short intervals by transverse elevations leaving small pits with frequently a pore at the bottom ; margin of branches regularly sinuated by the projection of the lateral zooecia, with a thickened rim running upwards and downwards from the zooecia, usually turned back to form an involuted rim, but occasionally above a zotpeium sending a branch to form one of the dorsal ridges C.B. A very peculiar and well-marked species. 9. II. tenuis, n.sp. PI. XIX., fig. 4. Branches veiy slender, usually in three series of zooecia in the front. Anterior surface smooth, divided into three series of depressions or furrows by raised smooth margins, the depressions being wider at the orifices of the zocccia ; zooecia with the thyrostomes directed forwards, circular, entire or sinuated at the proximal edge. Posterior surface with wide, flat sulci, with a few raised pores separated by raised crenulated margins. Belmont. 10. U. diffusa, n.sp. PI. XIX., fig. 5. Branches long, slender, ii'regularly divided. Anterior surface with very obscure; ridges, granular or transversely tubereulated, numerous j)or(>s usually arranged longitudinally, but except towards the extremities of the branches the zocecial A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 129 spaces not distinctly marked ; anterior extremity of zoreeiuin prominent ; thyro- stome entire, but the much-produced peristome deeply laciniated Dorsal surface with thick, prominent, tuherculated fibrillop, and regular series of elongated pores in the narrow sulci. C.B. 11. //. luhorculata, n.sp. PI. XIX., fig. 8. Branches rather slender, rounded ; anterior surface with numerous tubercles or short transverse ridges, usually not fibrillate, l)ut sometimes divided by sulci into longitudinal ridges; thyrostomes small, circular, with thickened and sliglitly-prodnced peristomes. Posterior surface fibrillate, the fibrilhr sometimes wantiug, tbe ridges with numerous tubercles or short transverse ridges frequently stretching across the situation of the sulci, which are then obliterated. B. ; C.B. 12. H. prominens, n.sp. PI. XIX., fig. 9. Zoarium small ; branches slender, dichotomouslj^ divided. Anterior surface with prominent tuherculated ridges, the intervening zooecial spaces much narrowed at the extremities. Zooecia prominent ; thyrostome circular, the much-produced peristome entire or more prominent on either side ; a small pore in the space immediately above the thyrostome. Dorsal surface with thick, prominent longitu- dinal transversely nodulated or ridged flbrillic, the narrow sulci with a few small pores. M.C. Family TuBrLiPORiD.E. Zoarium encrusting or adnate, or partially or wholly erect ; wben erect, bilaminate or cylindi-ieal. Zo(L'cia tubular, when zoarium erect, opening on two surfaces or all roiuid. No intercellular cancelli. Oceciuin an inflation of part of the zoarium. Tubulipora, Lamx. Zoarium adnate, irregularly shaped, frequently lobed or flabellate. Zooecia elongated, tubular, distinct, ]inrtially free, arranged in more or less diverging series. 1. T. sp. There is a portion of a colony of a Tubulipora on tbe same i'ragment of Kete- porc as Stomatopora mceandrhin, but not sufliciently perfect for identification or description. B. s 130 A MOXOGRAPII OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. Stoma tnpnr;i, Brovn. Zonrium adnatc, simple oi- ivnigiilarly l)i"anclie(l ; bvanclirs linear ov ligulate. Zotecia in simple series oi' in more or less rei^ular transverse rows. 1. S. ma'au(h-iux. At the gi-owing extremity the zooccia arc separated liy nari'ow grooves or depi-essions ; at tiie ruUy-formed ])arts tlicy ai'e vei-y indis- linclly arranged, confused (ii- s(>paratod oidy by very faint raised lines. The surface is smooth or dcmsely minutely granular. The thyrostomes arc circular, the peristome thicl<(med and turned al)ruptly forwards and produced. The inner surface is spinous hut without distinct denticles or processes. In the growing part there is a very narrow thin l)asis projecting beyond the edge. B. 2. S. (irwiiiala, McG. PL XX., fig. 1. S. gominala, McG., P.Z.Y., pi. 17G; /imtopo)-a pallna, Iliucks, B.M.P., 458; Busk, B.M.C., III., 28; McG., C.V., 32, ; id., P.Z.V., XV. Zoarium thin, crustaceous. Zocecia decumbent and adherent except at the extremities, which are free and slightly turned forwards; thyrostomes elliptical. A MOXOGRAPn OP THE TEllTIARY POIAZOA OF VICTOKIA. 131 entire ; surface of zoa;cia and intervening spaces finely c^ranular or transversely corrugated. Ocecium a distinct, rounded inftatiou of the zoarium, closely punctate. M.C. Livino;. Victoria. /n^'"^^ ''^'^x 3. D. reef a, n.sp. PI. XX., fig. 6. ' '^~::UcnV~i^''' Zoarium adnato. Zooccia indistinct, except at tlic extreme anterior extremities, which are turned directly forwards ; thyrostonie circular, with a thick peristome ; surface of zoarium and zooccia granular, finely corrugated. M. Distinguished by tlie total obliteration of the junction of the zooecia except at the anterior extremities, Avhich are turned forwards, which, with the peristomes, seem to rise abruptly from a continuous, finely-granular and faintly rugose surface. 4. D. torqiiata, Kirkp. PI. XX., fig. 7. BicUastopora torqnaUt, Kirkp., A.M.N.H., 6, II., 15. Of this the only specimen I have is the extremity of tlie l)ranch figured. It is narrow and consists of two layers of zoo3cia placed back to l)ack ; the zooecia are distinct, very long and narrow, closely connate except at the extremities, which are free, abruptly curved forwards and project as long peristomial tubes ; the decumbent j^ortions are closely and distinctly punctate, the erect parts smooth and glossy or finely-ringed ; the peristomial opening circular and entire. M.C. Lh'ing. Victoria. I have beautiful recent specimens from Mr. Wilson dredged at Port Phillip Heads, shewing the whole structure of the species. In these the branches rise from an expanded, crustaceous, discoidal base, and are in reality formed l)y a double layer of zocecia. D'Orbigny introduced the genus Bkliastopora for those Blastopores forming narrow bilaminate branches, in the same way as Blainville's Mesentertpora includes the bilaminate foliaceous forms. These distinctions, however, cannot be considered of generic value, and the species so constituted can at most only be referred to sub-genera. Two species of the latter form, D. capUata and iiistata, the former reaUy intermediate betAveen the sub-genera, occur living at Port Phillip Heads. Liripora, JIcG. 1. L. bicolor, McG. PI. XX., fig. 8. (For description see Appendix.) S2 132 A MONOGUAni or the TEUTIAKY POLYZOA of VICTOllIA. 2. L.fasciciilata, McG. PI. XXII., iiy. 4^ V (For (U'sci'ii)tion sec Appendix.) 3. L. superposita , n.sp. PI. XXII., iig. 0. (For description see Appendix.) Tecticavea, D'Orh. Zoariiiin erect, eonsistini"- of series of super])osed sti])it:it(! ceiliferous discs, eaeli disc risiiii;- from t lie eeulre of Ihe one heneath. Zoieeia not arranged in lines, hut opening along the cireumfcrence of the disc. 1. T. sclniappevensis, n.sp. PI. XX., fig. 9. Zoarium formed of a series of superposed discs diminishing regularly upwards, each rising from the preceding by a broad base. Discs concave above, tlie zotecia opening in aboiit two irregular series in the margin, which sIojk's al)riiptly from above outwards ; orifices of zotecia very irregularly sliaped ; some shewing distinct small spines iuside, the openings of a few smaller pores interspersed among those of the zooecia. Under-surface obscurely radiately marked. S.P. Some of the connecting parts or stems are very wide, tlie discs Ix'ing then s(>2)arated by little more tlian a deep groove ; and one or two of tlie discs iiroject more on one side. Entalophora, Lamx. 1. E. australis. Busk. PL XX., iigs. 10, 11. (Por description see Apjx'udix.) 2. E. verliclllala, Goldf. PL XX., figs. 12, 13. (For description see Ajipendix.) 3. E. lo)igipora, n.sp. PL XX., figs. 1 1, 15. (For description see Appendix.) 4. E.p)unctata, n.sp. PL XXI., fig. 2. (For description see Appendix.) A MONOGRAPU OF THE TKRTIARY I'OLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 133 5. E. nmlHpora, n.sp. PI. XXI., lig. 1. (Por description see Appendix.) Family Lichenoporid^. Lichenopora, Lanix. 1. L. liispida, Flem. PI. XXL, tig-. 3. (For dcscrijjtion see Appendix.) 2. L. radiata, And. PI. XXL, figs. I-, 5. (For description see Appendix.) 3. L. echiuata, McG. PI. XXL, tig. 8. (For descrijition see Appendix.) 4. L. iwrosa, n.sp. PL XXL, tig. 9. (For description see Appendix.) 5. L. wikoni, McG. PI. XXL, tigs. 10, 11. (For description see Appendix.) 6. L. reticulata, McG. PI. XXL, fig. 7. (For description see Appendix.) 7. L. auslralis, n.sp. PI. XXL, fig. 6. (For description see Appendix.) . 8. L. crihrarla, n.s,\). PI. XXL, tig. 12. (For description see Appendix.) Discofascigera, D'Orb. Zoarium small, discoid, stipitate. Superior surface entirely covered with large pores witli smaller interposed, with no definite arrangement. 1. J), tubullfera, n.sp. PI. XXL, fig. 13. Sviperior surface convex. Zooecial openings angiilar, slightly granular or spinose internally, with a few smaller pores interspersed. Inferior surface smooth. 131 A MONOGllAPlI or TUE TERTIARY I'OLYZOA OF VICTORIA. uitli slight iiTcnul.-u'ly-aiiuular I'id^'es ; stem consistini;' of closely-packed angular tubes, inlciiially spinose. On one side, al)out midway between the junction of the stem and the niai-i;'in, arc two thick stout calcareous tubes projecting a considerable distance. M. Discofasci(jera dill'ers from Defrancia and other stipitate forms in having the zotecia covering the wliole upper surface and not arranged in any definite order. The interstitial tubes or pores, which are very few, are smaller but otherwise indistinguishable. It is diilicult to say what the large projecting tubes represent. They may possibly communicate with an internal ocx;cium, Ijut that is improbable, as such a structure is luiknown among the Cyclostomata. Heteropora, Bhiiiir. 1. //. ,io(liiIos,i, n.sp. PL XXL, tig. li.. (For description see Appendix.) 2. II. pi-':iif()i-ini>i, n.sp. i'l. XXI., iig. 15. (Por description see .Ippendix.) Family EuOiNUH'ouid/E. Supercytis, D'Oi-b. 1. 6'. dirjUata, D'Orb. i'l. XXll., ligs. 1, 2. (For description see Appendix.) Fasciculij)ora, D' Oi-b. 1. F. fnilicosa, McG. i'l. XXll., Iig. ;J. (For description see Appendix.) 2. F. disticha, n.sp. PI. XXII., tig. 5. (For description see Apjjendix.) Frondipora, linperalu. (See Appendix). 1. F. pcthmia, Busk. PI. XXII., tigs. 8, ». FroiuUpora palmala, Busk. B.M.C., III., 38. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 135 Zoai'ium stipitate, branched ; the hranclies horizontal with short lateral secondary branches. Zotiecia arranged in continuous raised clusters along the centre of the uj)per surface of the branches. Dorsal surface with distinct longitudinal and reticulated ridges. B. Eecent locality unknown ? Australia. (Busk). Discotubigera, D'Orb. 1. J), (jainhieroiisis, AVaters. PI. XXIT., figs(C^ /O (For description see Appendix.) i:?() A MONOGRATir OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. APPENDIX. By T. S. HALL, A/. A., Dcinonstrator and Assistant Lecturer in Biology in tJie University of Melbourne. The follo\vin2f pai^'os dcril witli tho sjiccics wliicli Avcro oit.lior loft iindoscribod 1)V l)i". McGillivray, or were only in roni^'li in;innscri|)t, niid jlic ])l;it('s for wliicli wi'ic ali'c.idv ill til*' litli()i;i"i|)li('r's Imnds. His names Iiavc in every instance 1)een rollowed. In the cases wliere a snitahlo dcsscription by another autlior ^vas available, T have extracted it, and have acknowledged the quotation. In otlier instances T have drawn nji diagnoses l)as(>d upon an examination of the llgurod specimens and such other examples as the collection contained. In the case of the family BitcdiporidcB, of which only two examples occur in the collection, I have merely descrilied the specimens carefully, and have refrained from an attempt at indicating th(^ familv oi- even generic characters on which its separation was based. Had the name not occurred in the Table of Classification, which had already been struck off, T should liav(! placed it under one of the other genei-a to which, as the slide shoAvs, Dr. jMcGillivray had at some time provisionally referred it. BitecHpora lineata, McG. PI. XIII., fig. 20. There arc two specimens of this puzzling form, but both show the same characters. The zoarium is unilateral and a})parently encrusting, the figured specimen having the form of a hollow cylinder, A\hil(^ the other, a mere fragment, is a flat expansion. The zocecia occur under two very distinct forms between which the specimens do not show any gradations. The older series is arranged in longi- tudinal rows, and the boundaries are distinctly marked by projecting, plate-lik(^ ridges. The thyrostome is at the anterior end at the base of a fimnel-sha])ed depression, the axis of which is almost parallel to that of the zoarium, so that this fact together with the occurrence of matrix quite prevents its true shape being seen. A tubular prominent papilla, probably avicularian, occurs on its loAver edge. The younger zociria, wliich are perha])s i-eally oo'cia, overlie the older, and although each appears to overlie a single one of the older series, yet as the aperlui-cs look in nil directions the colony assumes an irregular apjicarance. The aperture is subcircular with a sliglit sinus on the lower lip, and with two lateral denticles within ; these, though not shown in the figure, are very evident in the specimens. Pelow the mouth is a large crescentic area, flat, smooth and de])ressed, Avitli a thin but imperforate wall, a])parently avicularian. The sui-face of the younger zorecia is inflated, while that of the older forms is not so. The surface of the whole colony A MONOGHAPH OP THE TEKTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 137 is pitted with numerous rounded pores. The texture of the surface in the two sets of zocecia is identical, and as the ridges are prolonged from one set to the other without interruption, and no hounding lini^ can he seen hetween a zou'cium and the one it is overgrowing, it does not appear possihle to regard it as an incrustation of one species on another. The zott'cial wall of the younger series grows forwards and covers over the thyrostomc of the older series, the avicularian tuhe long persisting as a hlunt cone. The posterior surface of the colony is imperfoi'ate and the zoa-cia are marked out from one another hy impressed longitudinal lines, the transverse houndaries not beiiiEj shown. ■a G. ; B. Haswellia, Busk. " Zoarium composed of short cylindrical hranches, spreading in all directions dichotomously, at very open angles. Zocecia disposed verticillately and more or less irregularly quinciincial, Avith a produced tubular or suhtu1)ular and hifid or simply thickened peristome, supporting on each side a small avicularium with a pointed suhtriangular mandible. Primary mouth clithidiate, Avith an operculum of corres- ponding form." — (Busk). II. longirostris, McG. PI. XIV., fig. 20. Cellepora longirostris, McG., T.E.S.V., Xov., 1884. " Zoaiium erect, branched, cylindrical. Zoeecia elongated, a lateral sinus in the lower lip, with a small avicularium on one side; on the front of the zorecium a large avicularium with the long mandible directed vertically downwards. Ooecia rounded, flat in front, with a raised rim, inside which is a roAV of areolae or pits directed inwards." S.P. ; M.C. Living. Australia. " In recent specimens the mandibles of the zooecial avicularia are narrow and pointed, not broad and rounded as in the fossil." — (McG. ms.). 2. II. 2)rodiicta, McG. PL XIV., figs. lG-19. "Zoarium small. Zocecia confused, more or less erect; mouth (primary) arched above, Avith a well-marked small sinus beloAV, peristome thickened and slightly elevated all round; a suboral r(,sti'um bearing an avicularium on its summit; scattered, large, spatulate avicularia with a distinct columella." — (McG. 'H/s.). S.P.; M.C; B. 138 A MONOGRAPH Or THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. J)ia.sfopo?'H discnidoa, jNfcO. PI. XX., fig. 3. Zonrium discoid, raised on a slii^lit stalk, l)asc flat; l)asal lamina finely jxinctaie, and, in tlie only specimen, in jdaces fiiiely reliculately jjorous. ZocL'cia airani;'('d in single broken rows wliicli rnn from the centre ontwai'ds in curved lin(>s. Walls porous. Ai the edo'o the zocrcia hccouic uuich ci-owded, so as 1o t;ive the entire margin a eaiiccliated appearance. Spaces l)(>t\veeii the zoocia covered by a finely punctate transversely Avrinkhnl lamina. S.P. Liripora, McG. "Zonrium cruslaeeous, growing on a basal lamina. Zooccia not projecting, arranged in single or multi])le series, forming raised ridges radiating more or less regularly from a central ])art, opening along the summits of the ridges or towards their extremities, intervening grooves occupied by a punctate calcareous membi-ane." —(McG.). L. bicolor, McG. PI. XX., fig. 8. Biastopom bicolor, McG., T.Il.S.V., 1884., p. 117. " Zoarinm nearly circular, consisting of three parts ; a central elevated portion composed of perfect cells, surrounded by a broad fringe of imperfcctly-develoj^ed cells, beyond which is a thin lamina." . . " The central portion is much raised, Hat, and d(\pressed at the centre. The cells are arranged in irregular radiating series ; the seri(>s arc distinct, but Avithout intervening spaces. The cells are slightly rugose, and thickly punctate. The mouth is oval or elliptical, with slightly thickened margin ; those of the marginal cells are ojien, most of the inner being filled in by a j^lafe punctate or perforated like the rest of the cell. In the central part are numerous rounded eminences, mostly at the commencement of the series of cells, and of the same width ; they are punctate or perforated in the .same manner, but present no trace of month. The surrounding fringe consists of a broad layer of imperfectly-developed cells; the thin lamina beyond this is marked with .slight radiating grooves, as occurs in the corresponding part of other species of Diastopora and Discoporella." — (McG.) . M.C. Living. Victoria. The above description is taken froni a recent .specimen, but with the exception of the projecting basal lamina, which has disappeared, might have been written of the single specimen from Muddy Creek. 2. L. fasciculata, McG. PI. XXII., figs. 4, 7. Diastopora fascicula/a, McG., T.K.S.A'., 1881., p. 97. A MONOGRAPH OF TUE 'J'ERTIAllY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 139 " Zoarium adnatc, with a distinct lamina, partly free at the edges. Cells arranged in distinct, elevated, radiating ridges, very much enlarged and prominent at the extremities ; the narrow parts very prominent, transversely Avrinkled, and showing the mouths of a few closed cells, the extremities forming bundles of closely- packed cells, mostly oi)ening terminally. Tlie surl'ace between the ridges punctate and transversely rugose." — (McG.). M.C. ; M. Living. Victoria. 3. L. superposita, McG. PI. XXII., fig. 6. Zoarium thick, discoid. Zooecia opening along raised ridges. A single series in (»acli ridge towards the ceutre, increasing to two or three towards the periphery. Kadial furrows between the ridges floored by a finely-punctate, coarsely-transversely rugose, calcareous lamina. B. Differs from L. llncala in having the transverse lines or Avrinkles in the furrows much coarser, and approacliing L. fusciculata in this respect. The flooring lamina is lu'oken away for some distance in one place, and shows that it was produced at successive intervals of growth, as another similar lamina is seen at the base of the large cavity thus displayed. As the specimen is rather worn the projecting part of the basal lamina is not shown. Entalophora, Lamx. "Zoarium erect, branched; branches cylindrical or clavate, with tubular zoo3cia opening all round." — (McG.). 1. E. aiistratis, Eusk. PI. XX., figs. 10, 11. Pi(sii(lopom anstralis, Busk, B.M.C., III., 21; id., "Voyage of the Rattle- snake," I., 350 ; Entalophora australls, McG., C.V., 32 "Zoarium branched dichotomously; branches short, inerassated, truncate; cells almost entirely immersed or about half free; surface minutely i)apillose, siunmits of papillae of a dark brown or black colour. With age the walls become much thickened and porcellanous, with transverse rugye." — (Busk). M.C. Living. Australia. 2. E. verticillata, Goldf. PI. XX., figs. 12, 13. Ceriopora verticillata, Goldf., Petrefacta Germani;e, I., 3(J; Spiropora antiqaa, T2 140 A MONOGRAPH OF TUE TEllTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. D'Oi-b., P.E.T.C, 710; Spiropom. verticlllala, Novak. Dcutschcr K.K., Akad. Wien, XXXVII., 31; Entalophora verticillata. Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., G85. Zoarium brancliod, branches cylindrical. Zocx'cial apertures arranged in -whorls of a single series, (he nuuiher in a whorl varying ■with the age and thickness of the branch. Proximal part oi" zoa^ciuni approximately parallel to the long axis of the l)ranch, distal part turned outwards at right angles to it, free and produced. Zoa'cial margins marked on the internodes by a faint raised line ; surface minutely but very distinctly punctate. Free portion of zoccckim corrugated transversely to its length. M.C ; M. J5elmoiit. A very common form. Jurassic to late Tertiaiy, Europe. 3. E. lunijlpora, McG. PI. XX., figs. 11, 15. Zoai'ium branched. Zocecia irregularly disposed, ojiening on all sides, very long, parallel, alnuxst straight, lateral boundary marked by a raised liiu-. Oiitei' wall ilat in the proximal part; near the distal end, where tlu; zocecium begins to turn outAvards, convex. Sux'face covered with niunerons microscopic poi'cs. M.C. TJie great length of the zocecial tubes is a Avell-marked character, they being generally from twelve to fifteen times as htng as Avide. The iigin-e makes tiu; proximal part of the zoocia convex instead of flattened, with a raised bounding ridge. 1. E. punctata, McG. PL XXL, fig. 2. Zooecia short, about six or eiglit times as long as wide. External wall luniid, bounded by a rounded ridge. Apertures arranged in an irrt-gular quincuncial manner. Siulacc pierced by numerous large pores arranged in oblique lines. 8. P. The single specimen is somewhat worn, so that the length of the free portion of the zocx'cium is not known. 5. E. midtipom, McG. PL XXL, lig. 1. Zoariiun branched, branches compressed. Zotecia in two oblique sijirals. Zofficial tubes short, about four or live times as long as wide. Surface smooth, with numerous large pores. M.C. The only specimen is much eroded so that the peristome does not project above the general surface. A MONOGRAPn OP THE TERTIARY I'OLYZOA OP VICTORIA. 141 ramily Lichenopokid^. " Zoariiuu discoid, simple or conflueut ; adiiate or substipitatu, ink-rzowcial . \nS''*^ ' '^•'^. spaces caucellate (cauccUi sometimes obsolete). Zoceeia erect or suberect, disposed! *• , ' ' ^y. more or less reyularly in series diverging from au opeu central area."^ — (Jiusk). "^--'-'. -'^ Liclienopora, Lamx. " Zoarium adnate or partially free, frequently discoid or cupped, usually growing on a basal lamina, with a thin external margin. Zooecia partially free, disposed irregularly or in radiating series, with the intermediate surface cancellated ; peristome usually lacerated or pointed to one side." — (McGr.). 1. L. liispkla, Fleming, sp. PI. XXI., tig. 3. Liclienopora hlspkla, Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. (391; Busk, C.P., Pt. II., 2G; Discoporella Iilspkla, Busk, B.M.C., III., 30. " Zoarium subcircular, convex, Avith or Avithout a narrow marginal lamina ; surface ixniformly covered Avith circular openings level Avitli the surface, of tolerably uniform size ; towards the border some of the orilices raised, subtubular and bi- or tridentieulate, disposed in obsciu-e irregular series." — (Busk). M.C. ; B. (W.) ; W.P. ("W.) Miocene to recent, Europe; recent Southern Australia, Britain, Greenland, Labrador. 2. L. radiata, Audouin, sp. PI. XXI., figs. 1-, 5. Unicacea radiata, D'Orb., P.P.T.C., p. 971 ; JDiscopoi-eUa Jlosculas, Hincks, A.M.N.H., 3rd Ser., IX., 168 ; Busk, B.M.C., III., 32 ; Titbidlpora patina, Milne Edwards; Liclienopora radiata, Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. 691; McG., C.V., 33. " Zoarium orbicular, convex. Math the centre flat or depressed ; cancelli small and sparse, not stellate, cells connate, disposed in much-raised uniserial rays alternately long and short ; mouths obscurely mucronate. A single row of circular pores between the rows of cells." — (Busk). M.C; S.P. ; C.C. (W.); B. (W.) ; Mt. Gambler (VV.) ; Napier, X.Z. (W.) ; Phocene Sicily. Living. Evu-oijean and Australian seas. 3. L. echinata, McG. PI. XXL, fig. 8. Discoporella echinata, McG., T.R.S.V., XX., 1883, p. 127. " Zoarium discoid, on an expanded lamina, convex. Zooscia irregularly radiating, distinct, apertures opening obliquely outwards ; proximal edge of peri- 112 A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. stomes with two sharp processes with a sinus between, or divided into several spines ; surface smooth or linely fibriUo-gi-auular, with numerous long acicular spines projecting at right angles. Cancelli numerous in the centre and in one or more rows or irregularly placed between the zooucia ; angidar or rounded, usually finely denticulate and frequently with several sharp spines from the edges. Ocecium formed by a thin inilation commencing at the base of the rays and covering the centre ; surface punctate, the large jjuucta with smaller perforations at the bottoms." — (McG. i/is.). B. ; M. llecent Victoria. 1. L.porosa, McG. PL XXL, iig. 9. Zoariura discoid, convex with a dejDressed centre. Zoo^cia in radiating, slightly curved rows ; a single series of zooecial apertures in caeli row. llows sometimes bifurcating towards the ])eri})hery ; angle of the bifurcation occupied by one or more series of zoiecia arranged in a V-shaped manner, the base of the V pointing inwards. Towards the periphery the rows lose their individuality and the zooecia are irregularly sciittered. Near the centre of the zoarium peristome freely project- ing, towards the margin flush. Cancelli in two or tlirce irregular rows between the ridges, some opening liigli up on the sides of the ridges. Apertiu'es rounded, placed each at tiie base of a fuiuieUshaped depi'ession, the free edges of the latter marking out polygonal areas from mutual contact. Surface microscopically pitted, liasal lamina concentrically wrinkled. E. The single spceinicn is very convex, OAving to its attachment to a small cylin- drical foreign body, apparently the anchoring tubes of another polyzoon. 5. L. wilsonl, McG. PI. XXL, figs. 10, 11. Dlscupurella icllsoai, McG., T.Il.S.V., XXIL, 1886, p. 182. "Zoarium discoid, cupped, the basal lamina largt-, and usually much upturned at the margin ; centre depressed. Zooecia in regular radiating rows, closely adnate or basally connate, very lofty at the centre, granular ; orifice ol)li([iie, opening distally ; peristome usually produced into two stout lateral spines, occasionally divided into several. Cancelli large, angular, one or two rows between the zocecia, denticulate internallv. Otecium an inflation over the centre, covering wall divided by numerous spiniferous reticulated fibrillar between which is a punctate or perforated nu'nil)rane or (in the common form) with numerous small depressed areas at the bottom of which are minute perforations ; duct a short thick tiibe, internally denticulate, opening laterally." — (McG. nis.). M.C. llecent Victoria. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OF VICTORIA. 143 6. L. reticulata, McG. PL XXI., fig. 7. Discoporella reticulata, McG., T.R.S.V., XX., 1883, p. 126. " Zoai-iiim orbicular, bordered, convex ; cells connate, radiatinfj in iiniserial rows of irreg-ular lengtbs ; peristome with the outer border in-oduced, pointed, and entire ; centre of zoarium occupied by large shallow caneelli, separated by narrow raised walls ; a single or double row of smaller rounded caneelli between the rows of cells. . . . The most distinctive character is the number and larije size of the shallow caneelli in the centre of the zoarium. There are no spines to be seen in the interior of any of the cells or caneelli." — (McG.). The fossil shows blunt spines in the zooecial tubes and caneelli as shown in the figure, and the walls of the large caneelli are pierced by rounded pores. 7. L. austraJis, McG. PI. XXI., fig. 6. Zoarium a short blunt cone, depressed at the apex ; base flat. Zocecia arranged in regular radiating lines usually in a single series, walls confluent, apertui-es rounded, produced on the side nearest the centre into one or more blunt teeth ; occasionally crossed by thin tabulre at or near the orifice ; walls granular .Avitli one or more longitudinal flutings on the side facing the centre. Caneelli rounded ; two or three irregular rows between the radial ridges. Ocecium formed by an inflated, thin, punctate, calcareous plate in the centre of the colony and sending prolongations between the rays. A single row of caneelli between each prolongation and the zocecial row on each side of it. M.C. 8. L. rritjraria, McG. PL XXI., fig. 12. Zoariiim discoid, depressed, apex concave. Zoo^cia in radiating curved rows, sometimes bifurcating near the margin. Surface between the rows covered with a thin uneven calcareous plate extending to the margin and pierced by numerous small circular pores ; a similar plate closing the caneelli slightly below their apertures ; caneelli visible only near the centre of the colony. M.C. Heteropora, Blaiiw. " Zoarium encrusting in a thick layer, or forming thick erect cylindrical branches. Zofficia long, tubular, quite immersed, opening by rounded or angular orifices on the surface. Between the apertures of the zooecia the orifices of numerous other small pores or caneelli." — (McG. ms.). 144 A MONOGRAPH OP THE TERTIARY POLTZOA OP VICTORIA. 1. //. mOiilosa, McG. PI. XXI., fii^-. It. Zoai'iuiii cyliiuh'ical. iVpertiires of zoa'cia and ol' cancelli almost confined to swollen annular nodes placed at intervals on tlu^ branch. Annul! separated from one anoUuM" by a distance about equal to tlieir own diameter. Zoo?cia in each annulus very numerous, irregnlarly disposed, a[)ertiires subcircular, and ajjproxi- mnti'ly e([ual in size. Cancelli very nnmerous and oF various siz(>s, cirenlar, ovate or polyh(;dral. ]?otli /o(Pcial apertures and cancelli with thickened cord-like marsi'ins, which slightly ])roiect and leave small i)olyg-onal areas between them. Apertures of zotecia and of cancelli at times closcul at the outer surface by a calcai-eous plate, pierced by numerous large circular pores. Internodes marked out into irregular ovate or (donga to areas which are pierced by numerous large pores, and ai-e bounded by slightly-elevated broad ridges devoid of pores. One or two large ajjertures, possibly zooecial, and a large number of smaller apertures occur in each internode. The porous areas apparently mark the ])()siti(in of closed zoceeinl apertures in the internodes. M.C. Upper beds at Maude (T.S.II.). A broken specimen in my f)wn collection shows that th(> zooccia curve upwards and outwards, to oj)en on the surface of the nodes, and that the Avails are pierced l)y a number of large circular ])ores, placed each at the bottom of a broadly rounded depression, the intervening spaces being minutely granular. 2. U. pisiformis, McG. PI. XXL, fig. 15. Zooecium nearly spherical, apparently free. Surface closely covered by rounded polygonal apertures of varying size, so that it is not evident in many cases which arc zocccia and which are cancelli, as all gradations in size ai'c present. Pounding walls of apertures stout. The apertures of all sizes usually closed by a concave porous ])lnte ])laced slightly within the mouth. S.P. Family PRONDiPORiDiE. " Zoarium massive, stipitate, simple or ramose. Zoa'cia tubxdar, connate, continuous from the base, aggregated into fasciculi, opening only at the extremities or in regular sci-i<'s at the sides of the branches. No cancelli."— (McG.). Sujiercytis, B' Orb. "Zoarium stipitate; ca])itnlum expanded, fiat or cupped, witli numerous furcate or trilid lascieidi proj(>eting round Ihc border. Fasciculi comjiressed, A MONOGRAPH OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. 145 constituted of coaloscod, almost completely immersed zooecia of varying lengths, all of which open on the upper flattened side of the fasciculus or at the extremity. Dorsal surface rounded, even, longitudinally striated and minutely punctate, Ooecia (when present) hemispherical, at the hase of the fasciculi, and usually on ijltc upper surface." — (Busk). ? S. digltata, D'Orh. PI. XXII., figs. 1, 2. Suijercytis digifafa, D'Orhigny, P.F.T.C, p. lOGl, pi. 798, figs. 6-9 ; ? Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. 09:^; /r/., Q.J.G.S., XLIL, p. 344; Busk, O.P., XVII., p. 29; Fascicnliporo digit(da, Busk, B.M.C., III., p. 37. Zoarium stalked, expanded ahove into a disc, on the edge of which are the openings of closely-packed zooecia. Prom the upper surface of the disc, and slightly within its outer edge, arise eight compressed fasciculi, which are simple or hitid or, in one case, triftd. They rise abruptly from the hase so as to give the zoarium a deep cup-shaped form. Their lower inner edges almost meet in the centre of the disc. The zooecia open along the lower and outer edges and extremities of the fasciculi. The inner surface of the fasciculi is striated, owing to the incom- plete fusion of the zoojcia. Between the fasciculi the surface of the disc is marked out by a single row of large oblong transversely-placed pits, the ridges between Avhich run up into the sides of the fasciculi. Ooecium an inflation in the centre of the colony. B. ; Murray ClifPs (W.). Tertiary, New^ Zealand (W.) ; Cretaceous, Prance ; Recent, New Zealand. The broken stalk of attachment is clearly visible in one specimen, and there can thus be no doubt that the zooecia open on the lower and not on the ujiper side in the specimens. It does not then seem quite certain that it is D'Orbigny's species, as in the latter the zooecial openings are on the upper side of the fasciculi, a character which is shown by some recent specimens from New Zealand in the collection. The identiflcation was queried by Dr. MacO'illivray in some of his lists, so that he would, perhaps, have remarked upon it. Pasciculipora, D'Orh. " Zoarium erect, simple or branched or lohate. Zooecia opening only at the extremities of the branches or in one or more regular series beloAV the extremity. — (McG.). 1. F. frutieosa, McG. PI. XXII., fig. 3. FascicuUpora fndicosa, McG. T.R.S.V., XX., 1883, 127; id., CV., 34;«/., P.Z.V., 157. 146 A MONOGUAPn OF THE TERTIARY POLYZOA OF VICTORIA. "Zonrimn liraiiclicd, tlio main lu'niiclics mostly horizontal, with mimerous sliort branchos (iinicd ii]nvavds, the socomlai-y l)ranclies consisting of ])imdles of zotccia. all opening by closely-packed pvisniatic orifices ; surface punctate, faintly sxilcatc longitudinally and (esjH'cially in old(M' i)arls and on th(>. back) transversely corrugated."— (I\lcC;.). B. 2. F. (i;,slicha, McG. PI. XX IT., fig. ".. Zooecial tubes ])rismatic, arranged in lobaie folds and along the summits of which they open. J^'olds very variable in size and sha])e and ind(>finitely arranged. Apertures rouiuhuUy i)olyhedral or ol)long. Outer walls smooth. Zoojcial tul)es connate, but with the line of junction clearly marked by a groove. Apertures at times closed by a concave calcareous plate. B. Which is the attached part is not clear from the luiture of the s])eeim('n, as the zooocia look in all directions, the lobes being equally developed all round the zoarium. Frondipora, Imprrdfo. " Zoarium pedunculate, ramose ; fasciculi opening only on one sid(> of the Imanches in raised ])atches." — (Busk). Disctoubigei-a, /> ' O/'/j. Zoarium discoid, lixcd l)y its base. Zooeeia in two or three I'ows opening along the summits of biscrial radiating ridges. D. gamhierensis, Waters. PI. XXII., fig. 10. Tuvotuhifjera gamhierensis. Waters, Q.J.G.S., XL., p. 692. " Zoarium apparently adnate. Zoocia in l)undles of two or more, erect connate. Ovicell an inflation of the jiortion of the surface; bctwi'cu the zo(ecia ; surface of zocccia evidently finely punctate." — (W.). M. Mt. Oainl)iei' (AV.). The figured specimen is a fragment, tlu- l)rok(>n edge being the lower one in the figm'e, while the other edges are entire. The nnder-snrface shows strongly- marked concentric ruga\ the imaginary centi-e round which fliey are developed being placed some distance Ix'low tiic Ijrokeii ('dg(> of the figure. INDEX abdita (Cellepora), 107. abdita (Lcpralia), 71. aciculata (Biflustra), 38. aciculata (Membranipova dclicatula var.), 38 aciculifera (Retepora), 112. acrojjora (Crisia), 118. acutiinai'ginata (Cellai-ia), 28. Adeona,. 67. Adeonella, 90. Adeonellopsis, 68. alata (Catcuicella), 11. alata (Scbizoporclla), 86. albirostris (Cellepora), 109. albirostris (Discopora), 109. alteniata (Meuipca), 23. ambigua (Membranipora), iO, Ampliiblestrum, 11. ampla (Catenicella), 9. angulopora (Lunulites), 46. ang'usta (Claviporella lougicolli.s var.), 21 angiistiloba (Cellaria), 27. angustiloba (Melicerita), 27. annul us (Ampliiblestrum), 4-3. annulus (Membranipora), 43. . ajierta (Hornera froudiculata var.), 126. apiculata (Mucronella), 100. appendiculata (Farcimia), 50. araclinoides (Scliizoporella), 85. areolata (Bulbipora), 79. areolata (Smittia), 96. areolata (Tubucellaria cereoides var.), 105. arethusa (Amjiliiblcstrum), 41. arethusa (Eschara), 41. arethusa (Membranipora), 41. armata (Microporella coscinoplioravar.), 69. articulata (Farcimia), 50. articulata (Membranipora), 50. Aspidostoma, 102. atlantica (Idmonea), 122. auriculata (Lej)ralia), 84. auriculata (Scliizoporella), 84. australis (Cellaria), 29. australis (Cellaria iistulosa var.), 29. australis (Entaloj)liora), 132, 139. australis (Licbeuopora), 133, 143. australis (Pustulopora), 139. australis (Scbizoporclla), 82. australis (Tetra pleura), 82. avicularis (Retepora), 113. bairusdalei (Idmonea hocbstetteriana var.), 121. bairnsdalei (Lcpralia), 76. bairnsdalei (Retepora), 116. Beania, 27. beaniaua (Reteijora), 111. beuemunita (Retepora tcssellata var.), 114. biaperta (Hippothoa), 85. biaperta (Lcpralia), 85. biaperta (Scbizoporclla), 85. BicellariidfB, 27. bicolor (Diastopora), 138. bicolor (Liripora), 131, 138. bidens (Mcmliranijiora), 40. biformis (Lunulites), 46. Bigemellaria, 7. Bigemellariidie, 7. bi-incisa (Smittia), 95. Bipora, 88. U2 148 INDEX. bispiuosa (llhyncliopora), 101. Bitectipora, lOG, 130. Bitectipoi-id;o, 100, 136. bombycina (Scbizopoirlla), 80. Braccbridgia, lOU. Bull)ipova, 79. bursarium (Ampbiblostrum), 11. Caberca, 24. calccolus (Smittia reticulata var.), 93. Calcscbara, 51. Calporella, 18. canaliculata (Lepralia), 05. canaliculata (Lunulitcs), 45. cancellata (Bipora), 89. canccUata (Coiicscbar(dlina), 89. cancellata (Lunulitcs), 89. Cauda, 25. Catenicella, 8. Catcnicellidie, 8. cava (Lepralia), 74. cecilii (Lepralia), 80. cecilii (Scbizoporella), 80. Ccllaria, 27. Cellariidai, 27. Cellcpora, 107. Celleporidtc, 100. Cellulariidae, 23. ccUulosa (Adcona), 08. ccllulosa (Dictyopora), 08. ccllulosa (Microporella), 68. centralis (Macropora), 55. ccrcoides (Ccllaria), 105. ccreoides (Tubuccllaria), 105. ciliata (Lepralia), 04. ciliata (Microporella), 04. cincta (Catenicella), 14. circumcincta (Catenicella), 9. clarkei (Escliara), 55. clarkei (Macropora), 55. clavata (Adeoua), 70. clavata (Flustrella), 70. clavata (Microporella), 70. clavata (Salicornaria), 29. Claviporella, 20. cocbleare (Meuibrauipora), 40. concinna (Membranipora), 38. concinna (Lepralia), 90. concinna (Porella), 90. concinna (Selenaria), 18. conl'erta (Idmonea), 1 25. conservata (Scliiz()])orel]a), 81'. contigua (Ccllaria), 28. contiuua (Lepralia), 78. contorta (Idiuonca), 122. convexa (Scbizoporclla), 85. Corbulipora, (50. coriense (^Vmpliil)lestruni ), 42. coriense (Retepora), 110. cornuta (Crilu-ilina), 58. coronata (Biflustra), 36. coronata (Cellaria), 103. coronat. laevigata (Liriozoa), 0. Isevis (Mucronella), 99. larvalis (Lepi-alia), 104. larvalis (Porina), 104. lata (Idmonea), 125. lata (Mucronella), 99. lata (SchizoporcUa), 81. lata (Strophipora harveyi var.), 18. lata (Tlialamoporella), 52. lateralis (Smittia), 94. lateralis (Steganoporella), 53. laticella (Cellaria), 31. latifrons (Catenicella), 16. laxa (Retcpora porccllaaa var.), 115. Lekythopora, lOG. Lepralia, 71. Lepraliidae, 70. lichenoides (? Escliara), 70. lichenoides (Hornera), 126. Lichenopora, 133, 141. Lichenoporidfc, 133, 141. ligulatnm (Craspedozoum), 32. lineata (Bitectipora), 109, 130. lineata (Catenicella), 14. liueata (Menipea), 23. lineata (Retepora), 117. Liriozoa, 0. Liriozoidcp, 6. Liripora, 131, 138. liversidgei (Eschara), 62. liversidgei (lliantopora), 62. longicollis (Catenicella), 21. longicoUis (Claviporella), 21. longipora (Entalophora), 132, 140. longirostris (Cellepora), 137. longirostris (Haswellia), 88, 137. longirostris (Rhynchopora), 101. luccns (Sclenaria squamosa var.), 48. lunipora (Catenicella), 16. Lunulites, 44. lusoria (Farcimia), 50. lusoria (Membi*anipora), 50. Macropora, 54. macrostoma (Cellaria), 36. macrostoraa (Crisia), 118. macrostoma (Memhranipora), 3(5. maculata (Sclenaria), 47. magna (Hiantopora), 62. magnilabris (Memhranipora), 53. raagnilahris (Steganoporella), 53. magnirostris (Lepralia), 66. magnirostris (Porina), 66 magnirostris (Tessaradoma), 66. malusii (Lepralia), 65. malusii (Microporella), 65. malvinensis (Cellaria), 28. mammillata (Catenicella), 10. maorica (Memhranipora), 37. margaritacea (Crisia), 119. marginata (Catenicella), 13. marginata (Memhranipora), 35. marginata (Sclenaria), 48. marginata (Tuliucellaria), 105. mariona3 (Claviporella), 21. marsupiata (Retepora), 111. marsupifera (? Schizoporella), 81. marsupium (Porella), 91. marsupium (Lein-alia), 91. marsupium (Schizoporella), 85. meandrina (Stomatopora), 130. Memhranipora, 33. Mcmhraniporella, 56. Memhrauiporidye, 33. membraniporides (Flustra), 32. Menipea, 23. michaudiana (Memhranipora), 12. 152 INDEX. Mici'oporella, Gt. Microporollida', (> 1 . Microporidso, 5 !•. ^ricrostomai'ia, 18. niiliicana (Idmonea), 121-. minor (?Momln'anipora trirolium var.), 38. modesta (Seliismopora), 109. modesta (Smittia), 94. monilifora (Escliara), 70. monilifova (Lcpralia), 70. monilirera (R('t(>i)oi'a), 111. moiioceros (Araclinopusia), 02. monoccros (Cribriliiia), 02. monoceros (lliautopora), 02. moiioceros (Lepralia), 02. mooral)oolensi.s (Mucronolla), 100. miicronata (Adeona), 09. mucronata (]\[ucroiiella), 02. mucronata (lletepora marsupiata var.), 111. MucroucUa, 98. multipora (Entalophora), 133, 140. nitons (Scliizoporella), 80. nitida (Smittia reticulata var.), 93. nobilis (Catenicolla), 9. nodulosa (Hetoropora), 134, 143. nodiilosa (Lepralia), 72. nummularia (Cellepora tridenticulata var.), 107. obliqua (Adeona), 08. obliqua (Claviporella), 21. obliqua (Lepralia), 78. occulata (Meml)ranipora), 43. occulatum (^\.mplublcstrum), 43. oculata (Farcimia), 50. oculata (Menibranipora), 50. oculata (Nellia), 50. oculata (Smittia), 94. orakeionsis (Filispai'sa), 125. orbicula (Cribrilina), 57. orbicularis (Menibranipora striata var.), 35. ordinata (Smittia), 93. ornata (Corbulipora), 00. ovicellosa (Cellaria), 31. ovoidea (Catenicella), 10. pacbystoma (Le])ralia), 70. Pacbystomaria, 97. palmata (Frondipora), 134. papyracea (Menibranipora), 39. parvicella (Lunulites), 44. parvicella (Selenaria), tt. parvipuncta (.\deon(>l]o])sis), 70. parvijmncta (Pacbystomaria), 97. patina (Diastopora), 130. patina (Tubulipora), 141. patula (Micropora), 54. patula (Steganoporella), 51. peduncnlata (Hi^-emdlaria), 7. perainpla (Cellaria), 29. peranipla (Cellaria rigida var.), 30. perforata (Lepralia), 73. perfragilis (Biflustra), 39. perfragilis (Menibranipora), 39. [)erinunita (Memln-anipora), 42. perinunita (Retepora), 114. perriiunitum (Ampbiblestrum), 42. pertusa (Eschara), 72. pertusa (Lepralia), 72. petaloides (Lunulites), 49. pbymatopora (Scbizoporella), 80. pbilip])inensis (l^ipora), 89. pliilip})inensis (Lunulites), 89. pisiforniis(IIeteroi)ora), 134, 144. Pbylactella, 98. Plagiopora, 79. ])lagiostonia (Sclii/opoi'ella), 81. Plicopora, 20. polita (Gemellipora), 87. porcellana (lletepora), 115. Porella, 90. Porina, 103. INDEX. 153 porinoiclcs (Smittia), 94.. l)orosa (Catenicella), 12. j)orosa (Lichenopora), 133, 142. porosa (Microporella ferrea var.), 62. porosa ( Phyla ctella), 98. porosa (Stroi^liipora liarveyi A'ai'.), 18. porrecta (Eschara), 95. pi'fficlara (Lepralia), 73. praestans (Mucronella), 98. prsetenuis (Calporella), 20. producta (Haswellia), 88, 137. producta (Retepora), 115. profunda (Membranipora), 36. profunda (Rliynchopora), 101. profunda (Schizopoi-ella), 83. prominens (Hornera), 129. Prostomaria, 105. Prostomariida?, 105. pulcliella (Catenicella), 11. pulchella (Selenaria squamosa var.), 48. l)unctata (Catenicella), 16. punctata (Entalopliora), 132, 140. punctata (Porella), 91. punctata (Selenaria), 47. pyriformis (Bracebridgia), 100. pyriformis (Mucronella), 100. quadrata (Eschara), 71. quadrata (Hornera), 126. quadrata (Lepralia), 71. radians (Idmonea), 121. radians (Retepora), 121. radiata (Cribrilina), 58. radiata (Lichenopora), 133, 141. radiata (Unicavea), 141. radicifera (Membranipora), 33, 34. radicifera (Beania), 33. recta (Diastopora), 131. rectilineata (Lepralia), 72. Eetejiora, 111. Reteporidse, 111. reticulata (Lepralia), 93. reticulata (Lichenopora), 133, 143. reticulata (Smittia), 93. reticulata (Discoporella), 143. retroversa (Catenicella), 13. rigida (Cellaria), 29. ridleyi (Schizoporella), 85. rimata (Retepora), 112. roboratum (Craspedozoum), 32. roborata (Membranipora), 32. rossellii (Membranipora), 41. rostrata (Schizoporella), 86. rotunda (Lepralia cleidostoma var.), 72. rotundata (Lepralia), 78. rozieri (Membranijwra), 52. rozieri (Thalamoporella), 52. rozieri (Steginoporella), 52. rudis (Microporella), 65. rugosa (Schizoporella), 82. rutella (Cupularia), 45. rutella (Lunulites), 45. Rhynchopora, 101. sacculata (Calporella), 20. sacculata (Catenicella), 20. Salicornaria, 27. savartii (Biflustra), 38. savartii (Membranipora), 38. scalaris (Crisia), 119. Schismopora, 109. Schizoporella, 80. Schizoporellidse, 80. schizostoma (Lepralia), 82. schizostoma (Schizoporella), 82. schnapperensis (Retepora), 113. schnapperensis (Tecticavea), 132. Scrupocellaria, 24. sculpta (Membranipora), 36. Selenaria, 46. semispiralis (Idmonea), 124. serialis (Idmonea), 123. serrata (Cellepora), 108. setosa (Crisia), 119. w 151. INDEX. sexangularis (^lonoporoUa), 55. simplex (Amphihlestruin), ll. simplex (Salicornaria), 29. sinuosa (Retcpora), 116. Smittia, 92. SinittiicUe, 90. solida (Stenostomaria), 17. spatulata (Lepralia), 78. speciosa (Calpovella) 19. spenceri (Leptobothrus), 103. spinifera (Rhynchopora), 102. spinigera (Beania), 27. sjiinigera (Diachoris), 27. sjjongiosa (Mucronella), 99. squamosa (Selenaria), 18. Steganoporella, 52. Steganoporellidie, 51. Stenostomaria, 16. Stomatopora, 130. striata (Membrauipora), 35. stricta (Catenicella), 15. strictifissa (Scliizoporella), 83. Strophipora, 17. suhimoaersa (Lepralia), 72. sul)immersa (Ptctepora), 116. submersa (Scliizoporella), 82. suljsimiata (Scliizoporella), 81. suggerens (Cribriliiia), 57. sulcata (Escliara), 69. sulcata (Hornera), 127. Supercytis, 134., 141. superposita (Liripora), 132, 139. symmetrica (Adeoiia), 70. symmetrica (Microporella), 70. tatei (Eschara), 95. tatei (Smittia), 95. TecticaA-ea, 132. tenuicosta (Membraniporella), 56. temiis (Catenicella), 10. tenuis (Crisia), 120. tenuis (Hornera), 128. teres (Calporella), 19. teres (Mucronella), 99. terminata (Crilirilina), 59. Tessaradoma, 66. tessellata (Iletepora), 111. tetrasticha (CucuUipora), 96. Thalamoporella, 52. tor(|uata (Bidiastopora), 131. torquata (Diastopoi-a), 131. transversa (Smittia), 92. tridenticulata (Cellepora), 107. trifolium (? Membrauipora), 38. trigona (Idmonea), 122. triton (Adeonella), 90. tuberculata (Hornera), 129. Tubucellaria, 104. Tubucellariidse, 104. tubulifera (Microstomaria), 18. tubulifera (Porina gracilis var.), 103. tubulifera (Discofascigera), 133. Tubulipora, 129. Tubuliporid;e, 129. tumida (Adeona obliqua var.), 69, vagans (Lepralia), 76. vallata (Lepralia), 79. ventricosa (Catenicella), 9. venusta (Idmonea), 123. venusta (Cellaria rigida var.), 30. verraicularis (Lepralia), 75. vertebralis (Spiroporina), 103. vertcbralis (Porina gracilis var.), 103. vespcrtilio (Claviporella), 20. verticillata (Ceriopora), 139. verticillata (Entalopbora), 132, 139. verticillata (Spiropora), 140. violacea (Microporella), 68. vultur (Mucronella), 99. wilsoni (Discoporella), 142. wilsoui (Liclienopora), 133, 142. yarraensis (Microporella), 70. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. f^'''!''% M-^fCMTJ^-' PLATE I. 1. Catenicella oentricosa, single zocecium, front and dorsal. 2. Catenicella oentricosa, geminate pair of zooecia. 3. Catenicella nobilis, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal, 4. Catenicella ainpla, anterior surface of 7, fenestrate form; ia, posterior surface of same ; 46, lateral view. 5. Catenicella ampla, anterior and dorsal view of geminate zooecia of 9, fenestrate form. 6. Catenicella anipla, anterior view of gdminate pair of zooecia, 7, fenestrate form. 7. Catenicella circuincincta, anterior and dorsal views of single zooscium. 8. Catenicella expansa, single specimen. 9. Catenicella expansa, geminate pair of zocecia. 10. Catenicella mamillata, geminate pair of zooecia. 11. Catenicella mamillata, single zoo?cium, front and dorsal view. 12. Catenicella tennis, geminate pair of zocecia. 13. Catenicella tenuis, single zocecium. 14. Catenicella tenuis, variety, single zocecium. 15. Catenicella pulchella, geminate pair of zocecia. 16. Catenicella elongata, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 17. Catenicella alata, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 18. Catenicella crux, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 19. Catenicella porosa. 20. Catenicella cribraria, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 21. Catenicella liastata, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 22. Catenicella hastata, another pair of geminate zocecia. 23. Cateuicella hastata, single zocecium. 24. Catenicella retrocersa, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 25. Catenicella niarginata, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 26. Catenicella marginata, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 27. Catenicella marginata, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 28. Catenicella dcedala, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 29. Catenicella eincta, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 30. Catenicella lineata, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 31. Catenicella latifrons, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. W2 156 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. PLATE II. 1. Ca/eiiiceUa intermedia, geminate pair of zooecia. 2. Cafeiiicella hoiipora, single zooecinm, front and dorsal view. 3. Catenicella ovoidea, single zocecium. •1. Catenicella ovoidea, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 5. Catenicella aiiriculata, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 6. Catenicella strict a, single zoo?cium. 7. Stenostomaria solida, geminate pair of zooecia, front and dorsal view; the dorsal view shows the peculiar elevation present in some specimens. 8. Stenostomaria solida, posterior view of geminate pair of zocecia, in which there is no elevation. 9. Strophij)oru harveyi, geminate j)air of zooecia, front and dorsal view. 10. Stropltipora harveyi, single zooicium, front and dorsal view. 11. Stropliipora harveyi, single zocecium, variety ^^oroscr. 12. Strophipjora harveyi, single zocecium, variety lata, front and dorsal view. 13. Calojjorella insiynis, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 14. Caloporella insignis, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 15. Calop)orella speciosa, geminate pair of zocecia. 16. Caloporella hannafordi, single zocecium. 17. Caloporella hannafordi, single zocecium, another specimen. 18. Caloporella teres, geminate pair of zooecia, front and dorsal view. 19. Caloporella teres, single zocecium. 20. Caloporella prcBtemiis, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 21. Caloporella sacculata, geminate pair of zocecia. 22. Claviporella vespertilio, single zocecium front and dorsal view. 23. Claviporella lonyicollis, geminate pair of zoa>cia, variety anyusta, front and dorsal view. 24. Clavijwrella lonyicollis, single zocecium, front and dorsal Adews. 25. Clavip)orella lonyicollis, geminate pair of zooecia, front and dorsal view. 26. Claviporella obliqtia, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 27. Claviporella marionce, geminate pair of zocecia, front and dorsal view. 28. Claviporella marionie. 29. 3Iicrostomaria tnbulifera, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 30. Catenicella ? punctata, single zocecium, front and dorsal view. 31. Bitaxipora internodia, front and dorsal view. At the lowest part of the former a broken ooecium is seen. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 157 PLATE III. 1. Liriozoa Icevigata, front and back riew. 2. Bigemelluria i^ednncnlata. 3. Bigemellaria pednnculaia, another specimen. 4. Scrupocellaria cremdata, front and back view. 5. Scrupocellaria creimlata, another specimen, shewing ocecium. 0. Scrupocellaria crenulata, specimen shewing the scuta. 7. llenipea alfernata. 8. Menipea Hiieafa, front and dorsal view. 9. Caberea graiidis, front and back. 10. Caberea darioinii, shewing scuta and ocecia.=''>^^' d^^■^^-^^■'^-^ - t^ hh^-^XZ^ Vj : 365- 11. Caberea darwinii, another worn specimen. 12. Cauda fossilis, different aspects of same specimen. 13. Cauda fossilis, from another specimen. 14. Cauda fossilis, shewing ooecia. 15. Canda inermis, different views of same specimen. 16. Cellaria angustiloba, natural size, 16« and magnified. 17. Cellaria acutimarginata, natural size and magnified. 18. Cellaria contigim, natural size and magnified. 19. Cellaria australis, natural size and magnified. 20. Cellaria rigida. 21. Cellaria rigida, another specimen. 22. Cellaria rigida, var. lierampla, shewing ovarian pores. 23. Cellaria rigida, var. perampla, shewing avicularium. 24. Cellaria rigida, var. venusta. 25. Cellaria divaricata. 26. Cellaria gracilis. 27. Cellaria laticella. 28. Prostomaria gibbericollis, nat. size ; 28rt anterior view magnified, 286 posterior ^dew. X 158 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. PLATE IV. 1. T/ibucellaria cereoides. 2. Ttibiicellaria marginata, n.s.; a magnified; b two zocecia more highly magnified. 3. Tubucellaria marginata. 'i. Plicopora ihvdala. 5. Craspedozonm Ugidatum. 6. Membranipora radlcifera. 7. Memhranipora radlcifera. 8. Membranipora intermedia. 9. Membranipora striata. 10. Membranipora striata var. 11. Membranipora marginata. 12. Membranipora elliptica. 13. Membranipora cyclostoma. 14. Membranipora profunda. 15. Membranipora macrostoma. 16. 3Iembranipora macrostoma. PLATE V. 1. Membranipora scidpta. 2. Membranip)ora geminata. 3. Membranipora depressa. 4. Membranipora eoncinna, two zooecia and avicularium. 5. Membranipora delicatula. 6. Membranipora savartii. 7. Membranipora savartii. 8. Membranipora papyracea. 9. Membranipora delicatula, var. aciculata. 10. Me)nbra)iipora perfragilis. 11. 3Iembrunipora perfragilis. 12. Membranipora gregsoni. 13. Membranipora gregsoni. l-l. Membranipora gregsoni. 15. Amphibleslruni occultatmn. 16. Membranipora fossa. 17. Bijlustra cochleare. 18. Biflustra cochleare. 19. Amphlblestrum permunitum. 20. Amphlblestrum simplex. 21. Amphlblestrum arethusa. 22. Amphlblestrum bursarium. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 159 PLATE VI. 1. Amphiblesti'um carle use. ^.iiTir\To7>\ 2. ^:/w^;//i6Z^s^;vfm c' 4. Farcimla lusoria. 5. Farcimla artlculuta. 6. Farcimia oculata. 7. Farcimla oculata. 8. Caleschara dentlculata, specimen showing the lateral fissures and cross-bar. 9. Caleschara denticulata, natural size, 9« group of zooecia with the central portion and cross-bar worn away. 10. Thalamoporella rozieri. 11. Thalamoporella lata. 12. 2Iemhranipora amhUjna. 13. Memhranlpora bkleiis. 14. Steganoporella magiiilahris, natural size, 14a anterior view of group of zooecia magnified 146, posterior view of two zoa?cia. 15. Steganoporella magiMabris. 16. Steganoporella magullabris. 17. Steganoporella depressa. 18. Steganoporella lateralis. 19. Steganoporella pat (da, natural size, 19a portion magnified. 20. Steganoporella patida, portion of another specimen shewing ocecium and avicularia. PLATE VII. 1. LunuUtes paroicella, natural size, la portion of anterior surface magnified, lb dorsal surface. 2. LunuUtes parvicella, specimen sheAving the two forms of vibracular cells. 3. Lunulites canalicidala, anterior and dorsal view. 4. Lunalites rtdella, natural size, 4« anterior surface, 46 dorsal view. 5. Selenaria maculata, natural size. 6. Selenaria maculata, portion of a specimen shewing zocecia and vibracular cells, 6« posterior view of same. 7. Selenaria maculata, group of zooecia from another specimen, 7a dorsal view of part of same. 8. Selenaria punctata, natural size, 8a part of anterior surface, Sb dorsal view. 9. Selenaria punctata, 2)art of another specimen to shew vibracular cell. 10. Selenaria squamosa, anterior view of young specimen magnified. 160 DESCRIPTION or PLATES. PLATE VII. (Cunlinued). 11. Seleiuiria squamosa, car. lackla, natural size, \la portion of anterior surface magnified, \\h dorsal aspect. 12. Selenaria squamosa, another specimen, natural size, Via part of anterior surface magnified, \2b dorsal aspect. 13. Seleimria squamosa, car. pulchella, natural size, 13a anterior view of zoa'cia, Vib posterior aspect. 14. Seleimria cupola, natural size, lia anterior view magnified, 1 i& dorsal aspect. 15. Selenaria coiiciuua, natural size, 15a part of anterior surface magnified shewing two vibracular cells, 156 dorsal view. PLATE VIII. 1. Ltmulitcs angulopora t 2. 3Iemhranipora profunda. 3. JIacropora centralis. •i. Lepralia crassatina. 5. Macropora clarkei. 6. Macropora clarkei, natural size, 6« three zorecia magnified. 7. Lepralia hebetata. 8. Cribrilina sur/fferens. 9. Cribrilina radiata. 10. Cribrilina cornuta, shewing an avicularium. 11. Cribrilina cornuta, single zocecium from another specimen. 12. Cribrilina cornuta, group of zooecia from an older specimen. 13. Cribrilina terminata, specimen shewing ooecia. 14. Cribrilina terminata, another sijecimen. 15. 3Iemhraniporella tenuicosta. 16. 3Iembraniporella tenuicosta, single zoojcium. 17. Cribrilina orbicula. 18. Cribrilina dentipora. 19. Cribrilina eleoata, natural size and magnified. 20. Corbulipora ornata. 21. Corbulipora ornata, shewing also 0(Bcium. 22. Miantopora monoceros, liusk, sp. 23. Miantopora magna. 24. Pachystomaria parvipuncta. 25. Siantopora halli, natural size, 25« portion magnified, 25i two zooecia from same, 25c end view of zooecia. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 161 PLATE IX. 1. Jlicropuj-ella malusii. 2. Microporella rudis. 3. Microporella ciliata, 3« single zoojcuini, sliewing pore and aviculariuni. '1. Adeona cellulosa, natural size, 4a portion magnified. 5. Adeona grisea. 6. Adeona grisea, car. interdlgitata. 7. Adeona obliqna, natural size. 8. Adeona ohliqua, portion of another specinnjn magnitied, 8a edge view shewing vicarious avicularia, 86 posterior view two zooecia. 9. Adeona obliqna, another specimen. 10. Adeona ohliqua, another specimen. 11. Adeona ohliqua, anotlicr specimen, 11« posterior view of single zowcium. 12. Adeona symmetrica, natural size, 12rt magnified. 13. Adeona, mucronata, natural size, 13« magnified. 14. Adeona mucronata, another specimen, shewing numerous avicularia. 15. Adeona clavafa, natural size, 15« magnified. IG. Adeona clacata, another specimen. 17. Adeona clavata, another specimen. 18. Adeona clavata, another specimen, natural size, 18«, magnified, 18/0 thyrostome more highly magnified, shewing commencement of avicularia. li). Tessaradoma magidrostris, group of zocecia, 19« single zocEcium more highly magnified. 20. Tessaradoma elevata, 20 posterior view of three zocecia. 21. Hianlopora lioersidgei, natural size, 2 la magnified. 22. Iliantopora lioersidgei, car. porosa, natural size, 22a magnified. 23. Adeonella triton, shewing ooecia, 23a three zooecia, one shewing oral denticles. 102 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. i'LATE X. 1. Lepralia abdita. M. 2. LepraHa quad raid. 15. 3. Lep)'alia quadrata, another speci- 10. men. 17. 4. Lepralia rectilineata. 18. 5. Lepralia subimmersa. 19. 6. Lepralia subimmersa, another speci- 20. men. 21. 7. Lepralia pachystoma. 22. 8. Lepralia pertusa. 23. 9. Lepralia nodiilosa. 24. 10. Lepralia nodiilosa f 25. 11. (Undetermined). 26. 12. Lepralia elomjata. 27. 13. Lepralia elongala. 28. PLATE XI 1. Schisoporella cccilii. 15. 2. Svhizoporella pliy)uatoporu, a nuig- 10. nified. 17. 3. Schizoj)orella phymatopora ? 18. 4. Scliizoporella playiostoma, a inng- 19. nified. 20. 5. Scliizoporella lata. 21. (). Siihizoporella riujosa. 22. 7. Scliizoporella australis, a magnified. 23. 8. Scliizoporella siibmersa, a magnified. 21. 9. Scliizoporella submersa. 10. Scliizoporella scliizostoma. 25. 11. Scliizoporella scliizostoma. 26. 12. Scliizoporella. strictijissa. 27. 13. Sell izoporella creiiulala. 28. 11. Scliizoporella profunda. 29. Lepralia preclara. Lepralia perforata. Lepralia duplex. Lejjralia graysoni. Lepralia rotundata. Lepralia vallata. Lepralia vermicularis. Lepralia yippslandii. Lepralia vaijaiis. Lepralia cuca. Lepra lia hamiltoniensis. Lepralia spatulata. Lepralia corragata. LLiantopora magna. Lepralia filiformis. Scliizopoi'ella dicdala. Scliizoporella aariciilala; a oa'ciiun. Scliizoporella subsiiiuata. Schizopo ret la ridleyi. Scliizoporella arachnoides. Schisoporella biaperta. Sell izoporella con ccxa. Sell izoporella uitens. Scliizoporella bomhycinu. Scliizoporella rostrata, anterior view ; a posterior. Scliizoporella allata. Scliizoporella foveata. Sell izoporella gran nlata. Geineliipora elegantissima. Gemellipora polita. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 163 PLATE XII. 1. Blpora cancellata, n.s., a anterior, h posterior. 2. Blpora philippinetisis, n.s., a an- terior, b posterior. 3. Lepralla bairusdalel. i. Lepralia contliina. 5. Lepralia obllqua. 6. Porella conciniia. 7. Forella concinna. 8. Porella punctata. 9. Porella iiiarswpltiiii. 10. Porella pimctata. 11. Porella p)aiictata. 12. Porella Jlabellaris. 13. Porella iimocna. 11. Smittia traiisoersa. 15. Smittia depressa. 16. Smittia cribraria. 17. Smittia cribraria. 18. Smittia ordiiiata, u.s., « magnitied. ID. Smittia ordinata, oa3ciuiu. 20. Smittia reticulata, var. nitida. 21. Smittia reticulata, car. calceolus. 22. Smittia oculata. 23. Smittia modesta. 21. Smittia bi-iiicisa. 2.5. Smittia lateralis. 26. Siitittia tatei, n.s., « magnified. 27. Smittia tatei, j)osterior surface. 28. SiJiittia tatei, var. n.s., « magnified. 29. Smittia tatei, u.s., « magnified. 30. Smittia areolata, a posterior surface of zocecium. PLATE XIII. 1. Smittia porinoides. 2. Pliylactella porosa. 3. 3Iuc7'onella lata. 4. Mucronella vultur {.'') 5. Mucronella upiculata. 6. Mucronella prcestans. 7. Mucronella teres. 8. Mucronella spongiosa. 9. Mucronella mooraboolensis. 10. Pracebridyia emendata. 11. Bracebridyia emendata, u.s., « mag- uified. 12. Aspidostoma crassum, u.s., a magni- fied. Cucullipora tetrasticha, n.s., « mag- uifled, 6 lateral view. Plagiopora disticha, u.s., « anterior surface, 6 posterior, c more highly magnified. Bulbipora areolata. Bhynchopora bispinosa. Rhtjnchopora longirostris. Bhynchopora longirostris. Bhynchopora spin if era. Bitectipora lineata. 13. 11 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. AA 164 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. PLATE XIV. 1. Lek!jUwi>ont In/strix. 15. 2. Lekiillioponi liysirLr, occcium. 3. CeLlepora ubdltn. 16. ■i. Cellepora ti'i-denlictilatu. 17. 5. Cellepora tri-deiiticidata. 18. 6. Cellepora trl-denticulata, our. niau- 19. miliaria, n.s. and inaguilicd. 20. 7. Cellepora serrata, n.s. and mag- 21. nitied. 22. 8. Cellepora fosna, n.s. and uiaynilied. 23. 9. Cellepora fossa. 24. 10. Cellepora fossa. 25. 11. Cellepora albiroslris. 26. 12. Sehisinopora coslula. 27. 13. Schlsmopora modesta. 28. 14. Sehisinopora (jraiinm, a, ocecium. Schisniopora incus, n.s. and mai^- uiiied. Uasicellia producta . Uaswellia producta. Haswellia producta. Uasioellia producta. Uasicellia lonyirostris. Porina (jracilis, n.s. and maf^nified. Poriiia (/racilis, n.s. and magnified. Porina (jracilis. Porina gracilis. Porina crihraria. Porina larvalis. Lepralia corrmjata. Lepraiia monilifera. PLATE XV. 1. Petepora sinuosu. 2. Petepora aciculifcra. 3. Petepora acicnlifera. 4. Petepora acicnlifera. 5. Petepora lineata. x 30. 6. Petepora schnapperensis. 7. Petepora beaniaiia. 8. Petepora bcaniuna. 9. Petepora fissa. 10. Petepora fissa. 11. Petepora, tesellata, var. benemunita. 12. Petepora riinata. 13. Petepora rimata. 14. Petepora bairnsdalei. 15. Petepora porcellana. 10. Petepora subiinmersa. 17. Petepora perinuiiita. 18. Petepora permuiiita. X 30. X 30. X 30. X 30. X 30. 19. Petepora coriensis. x 30. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 165 PLATE XVI. 1. Crisia scalaris, anterior and pos- tei'ior. 2. Crisia acropora. 3. Crisia macrostoma. 4. Crisia macrostonia. 5. Crisia (jracdis. 6. Crisia setosa. 7. Crisia tenuis. 8. Crisia acropora, ooecium. 9. Crisia acropora. 10. Crisia ehurnea. 11. Crisia setosa. 12. Idiiioiiea Iioclistetteriaiba, u.s. and n lagnitied. 13. Id)jb0)iea hochstetteriaua, n.s. lli. Id'iihonea hochstetteriaua, ooecium. 15. Idmonea hochstetteriaua, var. n.s. 1(3. Idmoiiea hochstetteriana, var. n.s. and magnified. 17. IdiiLuHca atlantica, n.s. and anterior and posterior magnified. 18. Idmonea radians, n.s., a magnified, h more liiglily back and front. 19. Idmonea incurca, n.s. and magni- fied. 20. Idmunea serialis, n.s. and magnified. PLATE XVII. 1. Idmonea inilneana, n.s. and front and back magnified. 2. Idmonea ndlneana, n.s. and mag- nified. 3. Idmonea lata, n.s. and magnified. 4. Idmonea contorta, n.s. and mag- nified. 5. Idmonea contorta. 6. Idmonea trigona, n.s. and magnified. 7. Idmonea geminata, n.s. and mag- nified. 8. Idmonea atlantica, n.s. and mag- nified. 9. Idmonea venasta, n.s. and mag- nified. 10. Idmonea ventista. PLATE XVIII. 1. Idmonea divergens, n.s. and mag- nified. 2. (Undetermined). 3. Idmonea conferta, n.s. and mag- nified. 4. Idmonea semispiralis, n.s. and mag- nified. 5. Filisparsa orakeiensis, n.s. and mag- nified. 6. Hurnera curva, n.s. and magnified. 7. Rornerafrondiculata, n.s. and mag- nified. 8. Uornera frondicidata. 9. Uornera elevata, n.s. and mag- nified. 10. Uornera quadrata, n.s. and mag- nified. BB 166 DESCRIPTION ()!•' I'LATKS. PLATE XIX. 1. Hornera foUacea, n.s. and mat^ni- iicd. 2. Ilon/era s/i/c(ff(t,n.s. :im\ iiiag'iiitii'd. 3. Huniem iiicolulu, n.s. and inayui- ticd. 4. Ilonicra Iciiids, u.s. and magnified, o. lluniera diffusa. 0. Tloraera sulcata, n.s. and magnifi(Ml. 7. Ilornera frondlcnlata, rar. aj/erla, n.s. and niag'nified. 8. Ilorjiera tuhcvcidala, n.s. and uiag- uified. 9. Hornera proniiiiciis, n.s. and mag- nified. PLATE XX. 1. Sloiiudopora (jeniinala. 2. Slu))udupora ina'andrliKi. 3. JJlaslopora discoklea. 4. Diastopoi'a patina. 5. Diastopora patina, ooecium. 6. Diastopora recta. 7. Diastopora torqaata. 8. Liripora bicolor. 1. Entalophora nmltipora. 2. Entalopliora punctata, n.s. and mag- nified. 3. Licheuopora. Iiispida. -1. Liclieuopora radiata. 5. Licheuopora radiata. 6. Lichenopora australis. 7. Lichenopora reticalata. 1. S/iperci/f/s diijitata. 2. Sapercytis dUjitata. 3. Fasciculipora fruticosa. 4. Liripora fasciciilata. 5. Fasciculipora dislicha. 6. Liripora superposita. 7. Liripora fasciculata. 8. Frondipora patmata. 9. Tecticarea scJinappei-eiisis. 10. Entalopliora anstratis, n.s. and mai nified. 11. Entalophora australis, ooecium. 12. Entalophora verticillata. 13. Entalophora verticillata. 14. Entalophora longipora. 15. Entalophora lomjipora. PLATE XXI. 8. Lichenopora echinata. 9. Lichenopora porosa. 10. Liclienopora uHlsoni. 11. Lichenopora loilsoni. 12. Lichenopora cribraria. 13. Discofascigera tubulifera. 14. Heteropora nodulosa. 15. Heteropora pisiformis. PLATE XXII. 9. Frondipora paliuata. 10. (Undetermined; specimen missing.) 11. Discotubiyera yanibierensis. 12. Membranipora cgclostonia. 13. Lujiulites biformis. 11. Cellaria dennanti. 15. Cellaria cucullata. Printed by Fobd & Son, 372 & 374 Di-ummoncl Street, Carlton, Melbourne. Trans R. 5. Victoria 1895 Bate I P H Mac Odhvray ad. 0.01 Inch FWendel MJfelb. "^<^.LEOt^^^-' Trans. RS.Jictona 1895 Tlate U ^^^-9^ /:.^Gb^--^ P-HMdc GiUi-aray del ^-t-Ce-C-t^/N. O.Oi Inch RWendel Uth '..V. '<.) W^ '^\y- Trans R. S Victoria 1895. PlafeM P H M': GiUwray del. 1 1 0.01 Inch R Wendel hth Mb. -^ <^^y Trans. RS. Yictona 1895. Tlace J r H M'^ GdlrvTdj del 5^ )ir-lyU>y\_j 0.0 I Inch R Wendel lith Melb. •V "'/■■/■% i;^ ^-^ '•^'•' I Trans RSVictona 1895. Plate V P. H M? Giilivray del I J 0.0 1 Inch. K.WendeL Luh Nelb. Trans. RS. Victoria 1895 Plate 71 PH M^ Gillivray del 0.0 1 In ch R.Wendel lith. Ntlb Trans. R S. Ywtona. Id^S-ffi^Ce VE. 9 t ^i^d^ W'.:^ H -/^^-.r^ "■8^, ^ M f ^^ «' Kb hw ;55 PH.M'^GiUivrdy del TroeSeliCfPnat 0.01 Inch R Wcndcl litk Melb. /^ \' ' , V ^''.Lt:^^ ••'A'.Uij Trans. J?, S. Victori 'vv„ f/r^ \l 4 ■I i / ^^ ., 'if '■;^^ Vr- ^y '^.■A :w' '\^^\f^ i:-; i,r. tr.' i^ ■■ .i*^ *j- ^4 ..•'^v^. L>--^ t:-:\^»' >:■ X .. ■«»•:'. ► on • tT^ ^ "■■■ V* r IS '^ 5«r,-ii H .••i-:-v:=^.''"-:-S>."^ ' ^l"13fc> -^-^ - #1 25 ^>^' 2SC ^Sl ^J*- ^\ PB MfGiUivray del. Troedel iC- Print n 0/ S3^ R Wcndel lith. Melb. ^•,-'^^:/ Trans. R.S. Victoria 1895 Plate IX FKUdcGilliyriy del Troedel i KWendelbthMell .L^.^> Plai^Q Exp/^lanatlon Plate X 1. Lepralla abdlta 2. L. quadrata 3. L. -cfuadrata, another 4. L. rectilineata 5. ill. subimmersa 6. L. subimmersa, amoth 7. L, pachystoma a. L. pertusa 9. L. nodgilosa 10. L. nodulaaa? 11, , Undetermined 12, , L. elongata 13, , L. elongata 14. Lepralia preclara 15. L. perforata specimen 16. L. duplex 17 L. grays oni 18. L.. rotundata r specimen 19. 1. vallata 20. L. vermicularis 21. L. sippalandil 22. L. vagans 23. L. cava 24. L hamiltoniensis 25. L. 3 pa tula t a 26. L corrugata 27. Hiantopora magna. 23. Lepralia filiformis PLATE XI. 1. 3. 3 4. 3 5. 3 6. 3 7. 3 p '^ • 9. 3 10. 3 11. 3 12. o 13. 3 14. Schizoporella cecelii 3. phyTiiatopora,a magnified phymatopbra? plagiostoma, a_ magnified lata rugosa australis,a magnified sub^ersa, a. magnified submersa schizostoma schizostoma strictifissa crenulata pr o f unda 15. 3c 16. 3. 17. 3. 18. 19. 3. 20. 3. 21. o . ^2. ,-1 23. i . 24. 3. 25. 3. 26. 3. 27. 3. 28. Ge 29. G. hizoporella daedala auriculata; a ooeciam subsinuata ridleyi irachnoides liiaperta convexa nitens bombycina rostrata, amterior viev/,; a posterior allata foveata franuiata "'ellipora elegantisaima polita Trans.RS Viclorn 18-95 Ptah f. m.<^ V*! ® *v' r^^ 1" >»il».'' ■•>i?-^ ^ i^ 2^, ■m ifc^ 7^W -k 2f ■» PMdcGillimy del Troedel d.C°PnnL 0.01 hch RWmiel hlhMdh Trans R S Victoria ! 895. Plate X/.' ,^^^- -■#^* (^■JS ■) ^ /■mf>^ Of* ^^ .|p4f ' vi.s''-^>' ' '-'<— r-5i /«!#S 'im %4f. f ^-^"M t"' f'-M "^M ,.mm-^ '''/«"&■ »^'W' *'i^, v^RKElX ,'■ '9'' ?• ^*^ i '^ K,:^^!^^ '"■#;'. "v;- ^ Rs ■i-- 16 Ib^ /i X;^;! n 'T^. '9 ::&m^'^^$ -ijf .i. '>-'^^-^"i<*''^" ii^^^-^'- > ■ ■•o'i^'v ,.V^ m: ; :.i,iSki^J Zf 1^ •■' . c^'^ m^ 25 f :^ >.iVi^f«i 25 >i^^<^ PH MacGiUivray del TnedeliC Prmt. 1 I 0.0 1 Inch R Wcndel hth MM. -.!/,■/■ .tv -.^^3'^' Trans RS Victoria 1895 PT.k'tlf'/, PH MacGillivray del Iroedd sC? Print 0.01 Inch. R Wcndel lith MM !i,7.; Trdns. R.5. Viclond 1895. Pfite'm. . k r*';. (I 1 i ^ ^•V:^ /i y- ■" # # *^: ^U ^^ -^ /. .'4*' ■'/■ # *i /9 PHM'Cdlivraj del IroeM i C" Pnat O.OUnch. 20^ RWendel hlJi Melb. rr ■\-^J^^. / w^^ :^,^^-" '■¥'; -#^ Sv,-*^, ■»?. r" ^^f tW^k' l#-'^ •^S-^'" 7 f'= ^^.-^ -A - A ^im^- .ts^Z ^.jT-N u f iff^SS, 7f '"^^-.-j^' t/' ^m 7^d r^^ -S4.45 Jii»^ =^fe''-"--tf ;<•? 10 ;o» vi^: 4'^ 7J i^y .^■'■'Q: ^fp.. j#;^. ;«U^; ^/ fe.vtf^;;':.^|;|:)j:i! ?'rt'i'£>?''?'^'v;'. 23' i^r-*\ ■^ £2-2 /6» if -I ;j: » (i\ .^, w^^^ ^1^, .f*^> P ■ .>;^ 9^r ™0, -^* ^ 27 \V/ 20 24 PftM'Cilhvrd.jrdel Troedel iC'Pnat I I 0.01 Inch. RWendel lith.MeU, .!;;/- J->^ r^/.L£-^:^; \V Trans RS. Vidoria 1895 PMte'Xt 4 ^ ^^^^\ ■' ■■\-. ^ • 7 .. ,« 4^ V..^. 9 V >'r # ^•^■^'rr ,r~.. ,\^. ' ^ 10 M \ ^ y*' s }* , - i ^' 'f ^ .9" • * --:s '?35S „ , J '#1 V a^ /tf P.Ii WGdlv/ray el Spencer del IroedeJ eC'Pnat 0.0 1 Inch RWendelUlhNeli. Tran.[ :c[orid /oyj yidie XVI PH MacGillivisy del. f.Ol Inch %^ '* .- L. u > VJ-"'^ Trans. R S. Victoria 1895 Plate XVJI. \, ^ 4.# '14! ■ K !«iv f : -^ 5 d ;■»" (g ^ ^ \;f^ ^ ij « a»' V If 4 [.4,-, jjOS; i^:^U# f«. fe- f<» J. ,,iy; a^ 4S, s^^f* 4 d .^ ^v #7. i^«i ;^ W\:''"^" '^ kiiS" V .t m aa Sa *- 1 -i^^-^f^ieyf-^'-' 'X7. ^fM l.^ ^. j^r*i«^/ r ■I v--^;;^::>' N^:' »^^| f^ X ^ '¥ 6a &^d .» ■; 9 5^''-^ PHMBcGilUvray del 101 Inch RWendel litf! Mflh ^' Trans. R. S. Victoria 1695 Plate 'Ml: ^S- m ^r ^ 'If ^ • ^', J <>4#» '/ ^i-' ^•^v^g^f^' '.: :> .4Ji^#f,* . i- •J' ''m. M.i^: IS: r iS*^^^' a^: .^:-^/^:> # /^ ',;^^' .^1 I.' !0b P EMac Gillivraj del. ^'-^ 9 ^fe^v-'*^'' ■•*" ,=^ . .^ ,*» • . 1^' ;§ 1 Oj inch RWendel IM.Melb. /:>• ^,,\\ '•U.'/.^ Tvdns R S. Victoria 1895 Plate D t 4^^ "'if .^'^1%:'^-^ .*^ 1/ ^ 2 6 2 3 ^m '^%-V^^M sit. > «'. #J ^ i/j^^ r-/ ■ ' r ■•^■ija"^ « ■■if , ,- " " c^ 1, >i Mi to ' .V, 3 a ^^,1' ■ " V 3.6 Jb ^iSift 6a m\ fM:. t^' 7d 6 d 6 b m S a vi) 'P.HMdcGllhvrjy del 1.01 Inch nWcndeimMh. •:fo '!;/,■ ans KS Victoria 1855 Flute XX ■ M' '^% ^4 i> ■^•^ *•' ',-;X. ^?) .1(5 .-^i^-. 'rf» y^ a <«»--■,. ^ 1 * S^ ' gij^-i"^ ^i^^ >' -if i2 i::J^^ f ■4 i« r^^ \\ ^ ''if J # c. •% ra .9'' fm jft; P R.Mac Giilivray del frpadel&G9?imt. 0.01 Incn. R.'Wtn.del lith. Meib. ^HLti>T.>' 7rans. R.S Vidtiria 1895 iVcsi. «j«V'i is'i'©. i''»'' ^ < '-•* .4.. ■.■■&!!•-? ,-Sf'*® : ' "itf- (ML , t <*. i V» * •,-; 1* 1" * ♦" • i» * f»j # 5 JV» •> s ^fe A^f'V- X. 4, ;|^- ii'*sr '.% -til* 'x-f-' o s ^ A-,,?^ P a" Ma ivraj del. TrcedelaC-'Pn 0.01 R. ''/lendel Ulh. Malb. .>:■• . , -. -41- .^1 , ##' '^v Trans RS. Ywloria 1895.PldteM %^ 5 1** ■^■■?'.'l 4»' 4 ^.#..^ »••/» J ak - \U ■vi,- m :^^^^: •MV 9 w ^^ PKM'Gillwnj del TroedeUC''Pnnt 001 Inch RPTaidel lilkMlli n-' J. - '6t»-cJi_^ JAN 1957