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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

MONOGRAPHS

OF THE

D I P T E R A

OF

NORTH AMERICA.

PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BY

H. L 0 E W.

PART I.

EDITED, WITH ADDITIONS,

BY

R. OSTEN SAC KEN.

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

APRIL, 1862.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present publication is the first part of a work on North
American Diptera in process of preparation by Dr. H. Loew, of
Meseritz, Prussia (one of the highest living authorities on the
subject), undertaken at the especial request of the Smithsonian
Institution.' The materials have been derived principally from
the collection of Baron R. Osten Sacken, of the Russian Legation
in Washington, kindly intrusted to the author for examination.

As explained by Dr. Loew, the work will appear in monographs
of genera and families, sufficient materials being at hand for illus-
trating particular groups only, without relation to their systematic
sequence.

The Institution is under obligations to Baron Osten Sacken for
editing the work, adding species described by Dr. Loew subse-
quent to the reception of his manuscript, and for correcting the
proofs. He has also added a monograph of the Cecidomyidce, a
group of much interest, and one to which it was considered of
importance to call the early attention of investigators.

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

WASHINGTON, March, 1862.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, JCLT, 1861.

PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER.

PREFACE,

THE impulse to write on North American Diptcra was given
to me by Baron Osten-Sacken, who, first by sending me rich
collections of such Diptera and finally by intrusting me with the
greatest part of his own Diptera collected in North America, has
enabled me to undertake this task, and, I hope, with some success.
If my observations had been written in German, and published in
any of our German Transactions, I should have had good reason
to fear that the results would not become sufficiently known in
North America, and would at all events be longer in obtaining
access there. I resolved, therefore, to give them in English, and
the Smithsonian Institution in Washington has added to the many
proofs it has already given of an energetic furtherance of any
studies relative to the natural history of North America, the
liberal resolution to print rny paper on North American Diptera
at its own expense. If these papers, according to my intention,
contribute to the increase of the study of this interesting order of
insects, the principal thanks are due to the Institution and to
Baron Osten-Sacken. As for the English text, I use, it is true,
the assistance and advice of a friend who is well acquainted with
the English language ; should, nevertheless, some roughness occur,
I beg that it may be attributed to some supplementary alterations
of my own, which circumstances prevented me from submitting
to him. I hope that shortcomings of this kind will be kindly over-
looked, provided my descriptions be not deficient in precision and
clearness. As I do not wish to remain the sole describer of
N. A. Diptera, but hope soon to have many fellow-laborers, I
take the liberty of pointing out briefly what, in my opinion,
should be chiefly borne in mind in making and publishing such
descriptions. "Without any disposition to find fault with others, I
believe I may be permitted some remarks, since for the last twenty

Tl PREFACE.

years I have been occupied with the study of Diptera, and have
been obliged to spend many hours in identifying (how often fruit-
lessly!) the published descriptions. What renders the identi-
fication of a very great number of the existing descriptions so
very difficult, is the inexactness of the system used. For however
natural the axiom may appear, that a new species is only to be
located in the genus to which it really belongs, it is so little re-
spected by most dipterological writers, that a long list could be
made out of the instances in which they have sinned against it; in-
deed the number of cases, in which a new species has been placed
in a wrong family, is not small. It is not even always sufficient
to place it in the right genus, for as soon as this genus is at all
numerous in species, or the species are difficult to distinguish, the
peculiar group of the genns to which the new species belongs
should be pointed out, and if among the species already well
known there are any very similar to those described, they ought
of necessity to be specially mentioned. Consequently only those
entomologists will publish new Diptera with success, who are
completely acquainted with the system of this order of insects,
whereas he who has a defective knowledge of it, far from advancing
science, lays impediments in its way. The first task, then, for
those who intend to come forth with satisfactory papers on the
field of Dipterology, will of course be to acquire a most complete
and sure knowledge of the system.

As an introduction to the following essays of a more mono-
graphic character, will be found a short sketch of the terminology
of Diptera, as well as one of the dipterological system. The latter
afforded me an opportunity of giving an outline of the North Ame-
rican dipterological fauna, as far as known to me at present. An
elaborate classification, equally detailed in all its parts, would
require not only a larger amount of materials than I have at my
disposal, but also, in order to be intelligible, a considerable num-
ber of plates. I am compelled, therefore, to give up such an un-
dertaking for the present, I hope, however, to be able to execute
it at some future time. Although I trust that my short sketch
will prove of some help to the student, by furnishing him occasion-
ally a useful hint, or guiding him aright in general, it will be readily
understood that in the prosecution of the study he will require more
detailed information. I will, therefore, briefly indicate the works
in which he may find it : Meigen's Zweiflugelige Insecten (7 vols.

PREFACE. Vll

8vo.) is still the best work, exhibiting the dipterological system,
lu order to obtain information on the progress which science has
made since Meigen's age, this work may be followed by the study
of Walker's Diptera Britannica. The excellent plates by Mr.
Westvvood, and the systematic arrangement prepared for the most
part by Mr. Haliday, give to this work a value not shared by Mr.
Walker's other publications. Xext to these I would name Mr.
Macquart's Dipteres Exotiques, a work which, notwithstanding the
errors in many of its figures and the carelessness of nearly all the
descriptions, affords a great deal of useful information about the
systematic arrangement of Diptera.

After having acquired a general knowledge of the system by
the study of these three works (or, if not familiar with the German
language, of the two latter only), the best plan will be to con-
centrate special study on one, or, at the utmost, on a few families
of Diptera, and to consult the monographic papers relative to
them, which are not difficult to procure, in order to obtain a com-
plete and sure knowledge of characters within a more limited field.
For even the smallest field will always be found wide enough to
afford opportunities for the most interesting discoveries. This
mode of obtaining a knowledge of the system capable of serving
as a solid foundation to valuable publications is certainly a long
and tedious one. It may be considerably facilitated, however, by
the use of a well determined collection of typical specimens of all
the families and genera, and it will afford me much pleasure to ex-
tend all assistance in my power to those who may prefer the latter
course ; for both my wish to become better acquainted with the
Diptera of North America and their desire to study the system
might well coincide to supply the wants of both parties.

I am always ready to send in exchange for well preserved N. A.
Diptera forwarded to me (address Mr. H. Loew, Meseritz, Prussia)
a reasonable equivalent in accurately named representatives of the
genera. I should probably be obliged, in most cases, to send only
European specimens, whereas, perhaps, it would seem more de-
sirable to have N. A. species. But the number of species occur-
ring in perfect identity both in Europe and Xorth America is
so surprisingly large, and, besides, there are so many N. A. spe-
cies exceedingly resembling well-known European ones, that the
best foundation for the study of N. A. Diptera would be a com-
plete collection of European species. It will be very useful to

Vlll PREFACE.

both parties, if those who desire an exchange would remember
that the smaller and smallest species possess the greatest interest
for me, and if they would at the same time point out to me such
families as they are chiefly desirous of knowing. Moreover, it will
be necessary to agree about the way in which the equivalents might
be forwarded. In case I receive no such direction, I shall suppose
I am at liberty to send them by the kind intervention of the
Smithsonian Institution at Washington, through which I beg all
consignments intended for me may be forwarded.

I have no doubt as to a successful issue to my labors, if I con-
tinue to receive the same liberal and generous assistance from the
Smithsonian Institution and from Baron Osten-Sacken which I
have enjoyed from the beginning, especially if this commencement
contributes to increase the number of those interested in the study,
and ready to promote it by the cornmnnication of species taken by
them, in the same way in which Messrs. Rob. Kennicott, S. H.
Scudder, A. S. Packard, Edw. Norton, and others, have furnished
materials for the excellent paper of Baron Osten-Sacken on the
Lirnnolidse of North America.

II. LOEW.

MESERITZ, 3 Oct. I860.

TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

PAGE

Advertisement ... . iv

Preface ........ v

Table of Contents ....... ix

Ou the Terminology of Diptera . . . xi

SKETCH OF THE SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF DIPTEKA . 1

I. Neiuocera ...... 5

II. Brachycera ..... 15

III. Coriacea .... 48

Ox THE NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIDAE 49

1. Extent of the family .... 49

2. Its division into Trypetina and Dacina . 51

3. Its natural character . . . . .52

4. Its relationship .... .56

5. North American species hitherto recorded . 57

6. Systematic arrangement of the species described, with

their synopsis . . . . .61

7. Description of the species . 64
Appendix I .... 91
Appendix II ... 94
Appendix III . . . . . .99

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SCIOMYZIDAE . ] 03

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EPHYDRINIDAE . . . 129

Notiphiliua ... . . 131

Hydrellina . ... 149

Ephydrina . . . - . 158

X CONTENTS.

PAGE

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CECIDOMYIDAE. By R. Osten Sacken . 173

On the classification of the family . . .173

On its habits ...... 179

On the North American Ceciclomyiae at present known 186

Index ...... .207

Additions and Corrections . . 220

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

DIPTERA have so much in common with other orders of insects
that the terms applied to the latter, which I may consider as gen-
erally known, may frequently be used for the former. I have there-
fore merely to explain those terms which, on account of the peculiar
organization of Diptera, are either applied solely to the insects of
this order or are used in a more or less modified sense. It is well
known, how little the various authors agree in the choice of these
terms, and how many of them seem to find pleasure in departing
as much as possible from the terms used by their predecessors.
This is a great evil, aggravating the difficulty of understanding
Dipterological publications, and impeding the progress of Dipter-
ology. It would take too much space to explain all the terms
used by different authors, and I confine myself to those only which
seem the most necessary and which I have used in this publication.
The following considerations have guided me in their choice. I
think it a duty of a later author to accommodate himself to the
usage of his predecessors, especially those who have written stand-
ard works, and at the same time to reconcile them as much as
possible where they differ from each other. The indispensable
innovations should be introduced only gradually and in conformity
with the established usage, since in such matters an agreement about
the terms chosen is more important than the mode of selecting
them. Meigen, Wiedemann, and Fallen in earlier times, Zetter-
stedt and Macquart more recently, have in that respect a claim to
our attention. It has therefore been my object to assume the
position of an arbiter between them, and to avoid such terms as
depart entirely from the adopted usagfe, except in cases in which I
might differ so much from my predecessors as to become unintel-
ligible if restrained by their terminology.

The head has a hinder plane opposite to the thorax, called occi-

Xll ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

put (occiput)] that region of it lying over the junction of the head
is the nape (cervix). The part of the head which reaches from
the antennas as far as the occiput and is limited laterally by the
compound eyes, is the front (frons), the upper part of which is the
crown (vertex), the limit between the front and the occiput having
the name of vertical margin (maryo verticalis). The middle of
the front being often of a more membranaceous substance and
sometimes differing io color from its borders, is called the frontal
stripe (vitta frontalis). On the crown, there are the simple eyes
(ocelli), being usually three in number and forming a triangle,
sometimes on a sharply defined triangular space, the ocellar trian-
gle (triangulum ocellare). Most of those Diptera which undergo
their metamorphosis within the larva-skin possess, immediately
above the antennae, an arcuated impressed line, which seems to
separate from the front a small piece usually of the form of a cres-
cent, the frontal crescent (lumtla frontalis). The impressed line
itself, which continues over the face nearly as far as the border of the
mouth, is called the frontal fissure (fissura frontalis). It owes its
origin to a large bladder-like expansion which exists at this place in
immature imagos, and which helps them in bursting the pupa case.
The frontal fissure of course is the true anterior limit of the front,
and the frontal crescent in fact belongs to the face; however, on
account of its usual situation, it is commonly considered as a part
of the front. In many genera the eyes of the males meet on the
front, so as to divide it into two triangles, the superior of which is
called the vertical triangle (triangulum verticale), the inferior the
anterior frontal triangle (triangulum frontale anterius), or simply
the frontal triangle (triangulum frontale). The anterior portion
of the head reaching from the antennae to the border of the mouth
or oral margin (peristomium) is called the face (fades). In most
Diptera it is divided into three parts adjoining each other, the
limits of which depend on the situation which the frontal fissure,
continued to the oral margin occupies in the developed imago ;
the form and mutual proportion in size of these parts are of the
highest value in the classification and distinction of the species of
Diptera. Beneath the antennas there are in many Diptera longi-
tudinal holes for their reception, the antennal furrows (fovece an-
tennales) ; the antennae lie in them while the insect is still in the
pupa case, sometimes even after its exclusion. That part of the
head which lies on the side beneath the eyes is the cheek (gena).

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA. Xlll

The compound eyes are sometimes encompassed in a larger or
smaller part of their circumference by a ring, somewhat swollen,
and separated more or less distinctly from the remainder of the
surface of the head ; it is called the orbit (orbita), the successive
parts of which may be called the anterior (orbita anterior sivefa-
cialis), inferior (inferior s. genalis), posterior (posterior s. occipi-
talis), superior (superior s. verticals), and frontal (frontalis) orbits.
An orbit is also often spoken of, where no ring is distinctly set off
from the rest of the surface of the head ; in this case a distinct
color or some peculiar structure mark the nearest surroundings of
the eyes.

The oral parts of Diptera, destined for sucking, are called the
sucker or proboscis (proboscis). They are either inserted at the
end of a more or less cylindrical prolongation of the head, called
the snout (rostrum), or project from a wide aperture often occupy-
ing a great part of the under surface of the head, called the mouth
hole (cavitas oris). The common, fleshy root of the oral parts is
connected by a membrane with the border of the mouth. This
membrane often has a fold, sometimes of a quite horny substance,
and is then called the clypeus (clypeus s. prcelabrum) ; it is either
entirely concealed by the anterior border of the mouth and is then
usually movable, or it projects over it as a ridge and is then usually
immovable. The largest of the oral parts in most Diptera is the
fleshy under lip (labium), consisting of the stem (stipes) and the
knob (capitulum labii) formed by the two suctorial flaps (labella).
Besides the under lip, the palpi (palpi) are most perceptible and
must be noticed in the description of the species. The remaining
oral parts are generally rather small and stunted, having the form
of bristles or horny lancets; they are considered as being the tongue
(lingua), under jaws (maxillce), upper jaws (mandibulae) , and up-
per lip (labrum), the latter shutting the under lip from above.
These parts are not easily applicable in distinguishing species.

The thorax of Diptera as well as that of other insects consists
of three segments, the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the meta-
thorax. But in the order of Diptera the development of the meso-
thorax exceeds so much that of the two other portions, that it forms
by far the largest part of the whole thorax, and in the description
of Diptera is exclusively designated with the latter name, while
other names are given to the prothorax and metathorax, when
some particular part of them is to be characterized. The protho-

XIV ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

rax being generally very little developed, sometimes forms a neck-
like prolongation which bears the head, and is then called the neck
(collum). Sometimes the fore corners of the mesothorax or the
shoulders (humeri) are covered by a lobe of the prothorax (lobus
prothoracis humeralis), distinctly separated from the mesothorax;
but it is not unusual for this lobe to be so soldered to the meso-
thorax that it is not possible to discover a distinct limit between
them, except in general, by their color or hairs; it is then called the
shoulder callosity (callus humeralis). The prothorax sometimes
also applies closely to the anterior border of the mesothorax, and
has then the name of collar (collare). The mesothorax frequently
has a transverse furrow (sutura transversalis) crossing the middle
of its upper side and ending on each side a little before the base
of the wing; its presence or absence as well as its form furnishes
characters important in the classification of Diptera. On each
side of the breast — the breast side (pleura) — there is beneath the
shoulder a spiracle (stigma prothoracis) still belonging to the pro-
thorax. To the back of the mesothorax applies the scutcheon
(scutellum), separated from it by a furrow. Beneath the scutellum
a part of the metathorax is to be seen, called metanotum, generally
descending obliquely, often very convex, and on each side with a
more or less inflated space, called the lateral callosity of the meta-
notum (callus metanoti lateralis). The poisers (halteres) have their
origin beneath this callosity, and before either of them we see the
spiracle of the metathorax (stigma metathoracis). The mem-
branous covers which in many Diptera are found above this spi-
racle, have the name of covering scales (tegulte).*

The abdomen is the third of the three principal parts of the
body, but we usually so call its upper side only, the name of belly
(venter) being given to the under side. The segments of the ab-
domen are of course, as in the other orders of insects, counted
from the front to the back; but the anterior ones are often soldered
together, while the posterior ones are stunted, and by their con-
cealed situation withdrawn from the eye; much caution is therefore
required in counting them. The statements about their number
are frequently rather arbitrary and conventional, and often require
an explanation. At the end of the abdomen we see in the male
the appendages destined to take hold of the female in the copula

* Some authors call them squamae. — 0. S.

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA. XV

(hypopygiwm), in the female the organ for laying the eggs (ovi-
positor) • the former, if they have the form of pincers and are not
bent under the belly, are called the pincers (forceps), the latter
according to its form either the borer (terebra) or the style (stylus).
Both organs are of the greatest importance in the distinction of
species in many families, and their structure being generally very
complicated and varying much in different families, deserves a most
attentive study.

The neuration of the wings of Diptera forms so essential a foun-
dation of their systematical arrangement and is so useful for the
distinction of species, that its thorough knowledge and a scrupulous
and accurate denomination of its single parts and of their mutual
arrangement is quite indispensable. Our first and most important
task will be to ascertain which parts of the neuration of the wings
correspond to each other in the different families, since this is the
only way to obtain a terminology in which corresponding things
are designated by the same names, and which, therefore, is not
liable to misinterpretation.

At a first and superficial glance, the neuration of the wings shows
so different a structure in the various families of Diptera, that it seems
impossible to reduce it to a common type. But, on a closer examina-
tion, we find that we can make out without much difficulty a common
type existing in its greatest simplicity and plainness in the Muscidse.
The framework of the whole neuration of the wings is formed by
the longitudinal veins (vents longitudinales), which are connected
with each other by the transverse veins (vence transverse s. venulce).
The longitudinal veins spring from four trunks, issuing from the
base of the wings; the first and fourth trunks being the least de-
veloped, the second and third must be taken for the main trunks,
and consequently the longitudinal veins originating from them, for
the main longitudinal veins of the wing. To the anterior of these
two main trunks belong three longitudinal veins, the foremost of
which runs first parallel to the anterior border of the wing and
joins it at a greater or less distance from the tip of the wing ; it
is called the first longitudinal vein (vena longitudinales prima).
The second longitudinal vein proceeds from the first generally be-
fore the middle of the wing, and reaches the anterior border of the
wing nearer to the tip. In a similar way the third longitudinal
vein has, again, its origin from the second. To the second main
trunk also belong three longitudinal veins, which are counted

XVI ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

from the front to the back, and are called the fourth, fifth, and sixth
longitudinal veins. The hindmost vein of the anterior main trunk
and the foremost vein of the posterior main trunk, i. e. the third
and fourth longitudinal veins, are connected by a transverse vein
situated about the middle of the wing and called the small or mid-
dle transverse vein (vena transversa minor s. media). Using this
transverse vein as a starting-point, we cannot easily have any doubt
about the position of each of these six main longitudinal veins.

The remaining neuration takes place in the following way: The
first of the four trunks emits a usually rather stout vein, forming
the anterior border of the wing ; it either runs round the whole
border of the wing, attenuating a little towards its end, and is called
the marginal vein (vena marginalis), or it only reaches as far as
the fourth or third, sometimes even the second or first longitudinal
veins, and is then generally called the costal vein (vena costalis s.
costa) ; both these expressions can be used as identical without any
fear of incorrectness. The costal vein is sometimes interrupted in
one or more places, thus forming a number of successive portions,
a structure most characteristic in several families. Besides this
vein, a second one proceeds from the foremost of the four trunks,
which, from its being frequently absent, is not counted with the
other longitudinal veins, but is called the auxiliary vein (vena aux-
iliaris); not far from its base, it is connected by the transverse
shoulder vein (vena transversa humeralis) with the costal vein. A
total or partial absence of the auxiliary vein, its structure, and the
peculiarities of situation which it has relatively to the first longi-
tudinal vein, are very characteristic marks for the distinction of
families and genera.

The first and second longitudinal veins are usually simple, the
third being frequently forked ; this furcation arises from its emitting
beyond the small transverse vein an anterior branch, which gene-
rally runs to the border of the wing between the second and third
longitudinal veins, and is therefore called the anterior branch of
the third longitudinal vein. Both branches together form the fork
of the third longitudinal vein, and that part of this vein which lies
between the small transverse vein and the point of forking of both
branches is called the handle (pedunculus) of this fork. Some-
times the foremost branch of the third longitudinal vein is con-
nected with the second longitudinal vein by a transverse vein, or
it runs into the second longitudinal vein instead of running to the

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA. XV 11

border of the wing, and thus has the appearance of a transverse
vein.

In most Diptera there is no other connection between the third
and fourth longitudinal veins except the small transverse vein, and
we can cross the wing between the third and fourth longitudinal
veins in its whole length without meeting another vein but the
small transverse vein. But in some families the fourth longitudinal
vein, abandoning towards its end its former direction, turns to the
third longitudinal vein and reaches it either at its end or a little
before it, constituting thus a1 'second connection: there is a rarer
case when that connection is effected by a transverse vein placed
distinctly on the fourth longitudinal vein. A third connection
between the fourth longitudinal vein and the anterior main trunk
is formed in some families in the neighborhood of the base of the
wing; often there is only a transverse fold running obliquely from
the fourth longitudinal vein to the first; in some families it incras-
sates into a transverse vein.

The three longitudinal veins belonging to the second main trunk
usually begin to diverge quite near the base of the wing; the hind-
most of them, i. e. the sixth longitudinal vein, is often distinctly
seen as the continuation of the common trunk, while the two ante-
rior ones uniting with their bases seem to form a kind of loop
which touches the main trunk only at one point. As frequently,
the fifth longitudinal vein represents a distinct continuation of the
main trunk; in some families all the three longitudinal veins appear
in equal distinctness as its branches. Between the fourth and the
fifth longitudinal veins there are in general two transverse veins,
which divide the space of the wing, included by the fourth and fifth
longitudinal veins, into three parts. The first of these transverse
veins is the anterior basal transverse vein (vena transversa basalts
anterior s. venula basalts anterior), the absence of which is charac-
teristic for some families; the second is usually the longest trans-
verse vein of the wing and is of the highest systematic value ; it
is called the posterior transverse vein (vena transversa posterior s.
venula posterior). Not unfrequently another vein starts from its
middle, running to the border of the wing; it cannot be considered
as a longitudinal vein, and is called the anterior intercalary vein
(vena intercalaris anterior). It must not be confounded with a
branch emitted in some Diptera from the posterior side of the
fourth longitudinal vein before its tip.

B

xviii ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

Near the base of the fifth longitudinal vein rises the posterior
basal transverse vein (vena transversa basalis posterior s. venula
basalis posterior), usually a short transverse vein, running to the
sixth longitudinal vein, but frequently meeting it only in a later
part of its course at a very acute angle, or even reaching the bor-
der of the wing, without having met that vein; in all these cases it
divides all the space of the wing lying between the fifth and sixth
longitudinal veins into two parts. In several families there is,
immediately beyond this transverse vein, another vein, the posterior
intercalary vein (vena inter calaris posterior), which proceeds from
the fifth longitudinal vein and runs to the border of the wing ;
sometimes it meets the fifth longitudinal vein before reaching the
border.

In that part of the wing which is behind the sixth longitudinal
vein, are spread the branches of the hindmost of the four trunks ;
it is entirely wanting in many Diptera, and exists in most of them
only in a rudimentary state; therefore generally only one branch,
or at the utmost two weak ones, not reaching the border of the
wing, are perceptible; they are called the axillary veins (vena ax-
illares). Where the hindmost trunk is well developed, these veins
become complete longitudinal veins; they best preserve the same
name, but may be numbered as the seventh, and, where two exist,
as the seventh and eighth longitudinal veins without any fear of
misinterpretation. In the case of such a great development of
this trunk, the foremost of the veins belonging to it is generally
connected near its base with the sixth longitudinal vein by a trans-
verse vein.

It results, from the foregoing exposition, that the anterior part
of the wing is divided by the three longitudinal veins belonging to
the anterior main trunk, and the posterior by the three longitudi-
nal veins belonging to the posterior main trunk, each into three
sections, an exterior one, a middle, and an interior one, while the
three sections of the anterior part of the wing are separated from
those of the posterior part by a middle stripe or baud which ex-
tends from the base of the wing to its tip. It would be an easy
task to invent fit names for these principal parts of the surface of
the wing, from which convenient expressions would result for their
single parts or the cells of the wings. But it seems to me that
the introduction of such a new nomenclature would hardly promote
our principal end, the agreement of authors in the use of termino-

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA. XIX

logical expressions, since it is not so much the nature of the re-
ceived terms as the consent in their application which we must
aim at. I therefore think it most advisable to retain such names
for the denomination of the wing-cells, as are already in general
use. But in adopting these names I cannot but mention that
many of them do not seem to be well chosen, and that I accept
them only with the intention of bringing about a terminology
generally agreed upon.

I shall, therefore, call the cells belonging to the first section of
the wing the costal cells (celhdse costales}, those of the second the
marginal cells (celhdse marginales), and those of the third the sub-
marginal cells (cellules submarginales). The latter are of the greatest
importance for characterizing families and genera, as well as for
the distinction of species. When the second and third longitudi-
nal veins are simple, and the third anterior section is consequently
undivided, there exists only one submarginal cell; but when the
third longitudinal vein has a branch running to the border of the
wing, we count two such cells, an anterior and a posterior one ;
when the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein is also
connected with the second longitudinal vein by a transverse vein,
the number of submarginal cells amounts to three, among which
that, formed by the inner part of the anterior submarginal cell, is
called the interior submarginal cell ; when the anterior branch of
the third longitudinal cell assumes the form of a transverse vein
running to the second longitudinal vein, only an interior and an
exterior submarginal cell are distinguished.

Among the existing names, none is. well applicable as a common
denomination either to the cells belonging to the middle of the
wing or to those of each of the two first sections of the posterior
part of the wing ; I am compelled, therefore, though not without
reluctance, to give up the application of such names. Among the
cells of the portion just mentioned, there are three that have gene-
rally been too little noticed in the description of the neuration of
the wing. Their different forms give very good characters, the
more so as, on the whole, the differences, which the neuration
shows in the neighborhood of the base and costal border, have
always a higher systematic value than those occurring near the tip
or the posterior border of the wing. Those three cells are placed
nearest to the base of the wing ; the first of them belongs to the
middle of the wing, and reaches as far as the small transverse

XX ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

vein ; the second belongs to the first section of the posterior part
of the wing, and extends as far as the anterior basal transverse
vein ; the third belongs to the second section of the same part of
the wing, and joins the posterior basal transverse vein. These
three cells may, in general, be called the three basal cells (ceUulae
basales*). The foremost of them is generally much longer than the
two others, a proportion which is usually indicated by the expression
of "one large and two small basal cells;" against this mode of ex-
pression nothing can be objected, since it implies no uncertainty.
It is, however, a little puzzling to invent a convenient term, when
the posterior basal transverse vein, instead of running to the sixth
longitudinal vein, assumes the character of a longitudinal vein,
and runs to the border of the wing, so that the hindmost basal cell
joins the border of the wing. Not only in this case, but also when
the hindmost basal cell, though closed, is distinguished from the
second basal cell by a much more considerable length, it is usually
named the anal cell (cellula anah's), and then, consequently, two
basal cells are considered to be present. Badly chosen as the term
"anal cell" may be, it is, nevertheless, so settled that it will be
difficult to remove it by the introduction of a more convenient one.
In certain families the great and very symmetrical development of
the three basal cells is characteristic; they are then called the
ternated cells (cellulse ternatse), which term, though expressive
of the thing, seems to be superfluous. One of the most important
cells is that belonging to the first section of the posterior part of
the wing, and extending from the anterior basal transverse vein to
the posterior transverse vein, and bearing the little transverse vein
on'its anterior margin ; it is generally called the discoidal or discal
cell (cellnla discoidalis). When the anterior basal transverse vein
is wanting, which is characteristic in many families and genera,
this cell coalesces with the second basal cell, which then must be
considered as a part of the discoidal cell ; if the posterior trans-
verse vein has disappeared, there is no discoidal cell at all. In
those Diptera which possess the anterior intercalary vein, sometimes
the part of the posterior transverse vein situated before or behind
this intercalary vein is wanting, and in that case the existence of a
discal cell is granted, which, in the former instance, is considered
as anteriorly opened, in the latter, as posteriorly opened.

The second cell of the middle of the wing opening in its border,
and those of the two first sections of the posterior part of the

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DTPTERA.

wing, are called the cells of the posterior margin, or posterior cells
(cellulx posteriores), and numbered as first, second, etc., beginning
with that which belongs to the middle of the wing, and is limited
at its base by the small transverse vein. It is evident that in all
Piptera there are really only three posterior cells. They exist in
their typical simple form in the Muscidse. The first of them be-
longs to the middle of the wing, the two others to the first and
second section of the posterior part of the wing. The first is
usually subject to no partition, but is sometimes closed before
reaching the border. The second is frequently divided in two
portions by the presence of the anterior intercalary vein, and this
happens whenever the fourth longitudinal vein emits a hind branch
before its end ; it even forms three portions when this branch
exists along with the intercalary vein. In the genera having a
posterior intercalary vein, a bipartition of the third posterior cell
occurs. Though it would be very convenient to speak in all cases
of only three such cells, and to point out in the way indicated the
mode of their further partition, yet the ruling usage does not
admit of this, but counts all these portions as successive posterior
cells, whence their number sometimes amounts to six. When the
second posterior cell and the discoidal cell are united in conse-
quence of the absence of the posterior transverse vein, the cell
formed in this way retains the name of second posterior cell.

The cells belonging to the third section of the posterior part of
the wing. are not, usually, completely separated from each other,
and then are frequently termed the false cells (cettulse spurias); a
better term for them might be that of axillary cells (cellulse axil-
lares). They are numbered in the direction from the sixth longi-
tudinal vein towards the posterior angle of the wing.

As for the expressions costal border, tip, posterior border, pos-
terior or anal angle of the wing, they are understood by everybody.
The posterior angle is terminated by the axillary incision (incisura
axillaris) towards the base of the wing. The wings of many Dip-
tera are provided with a lobiform appendage, the alar appendage
(alxla), reaching from the axillary incision to the innermost base ;
it must not be confounded with the covering scale that lies above
the poisers, and which has often been called by the same name.

In order to understand a very intricate neuration and reduce it
to the simple tjpe, we must take care not to assume for parts of
the same main vein all those ramifications which run in one direc-

XX11 ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA.

tion. As threads loosely drawn up in a frame, when strongly
strained by transverse threads of different length, must necessarily
adopt an angular direction, so do longitudinal veins, in consequence
of a varied situation and the length of the transverse veins. The
outline of the wing, the length of the longitudinal veins, the situ-
ation and length of the transverse veins, as well as the area of the
two membranes of the wing, stand in such a relation to each other
that the wonderful effect of their hardening after the exclusion of
the insect will be a surface more or less even, but in every case fit
for the performance of flight, the main agents of which are appa-
rently the anterior part of the wing, as being more stout and rigid,
and its posterior part, which, being in most cases united with the
former by the small transverse vein only, is more movable, and
acts as an inclined plane, propelling the insect during the motions
of the wings both up and down. It is in such genera only as
Syritta, Bombylius, Nemestrina, the habits of which require not so
much a rapid locomotion, as a constant hovering over a spot, that
a multiplied connection of the anterior and posterior part of the
wing by transverse veins restrains the mobility of the posterior
part of the wing, and renders its propelling effect less sensible.

A correct understanding of a very intricate neuration is in many
cases by far not so difficult as that of a very incomplete one. The
latter will be best obtained by observing, that in such wings the
three anterior trunks of the veins are not only incompletely de-
veloped, but also crowded together on the anterior part of the
wing, an uncommonly large space being allotted to the fourth
trunk. In this way, the striking narrowness of the anterior and
middle parts of the wing and the extraordinary dilatation of the
posterior part, find their explanation. Sometimes a closer exami-
nation of the surface of the wing will yield a useful result by our
observing the different kind of hair peculiar to the veins, and which
remains, though the veins themselves are wanting. All Diptera with
very incomplete neuration are bad fliers, since the greater flexibility
of the posterior part of their wings can but imperfectly compen-
sate the propelling effect of this part when sustained by a stronger
neuration.

The legs of diptera, like those of the other orders, consist of
four principal parts, called the hips (coxse), thighs (femora),
shanks (tibiae), and feet (tarsi). The hips consist. of two joints;
the second, smaller one, is called trochanter. The feet are gene-

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF DIPTERA. XX111

rally five-jointed ; the first joint is called metatarsus. At the tip
of the last joint there are two claws (ungues), and under each of
them there is generally a membranaceous appendage called pul-
villus. Besides these appendages, many families have between
them a third single appendage of similar structure, which is called
empodium; in other families this organ is bristle-like, or altogether
wanting.

I have little to say about the expressions for the different cha-
racters of the surface and the clothing of the parts of the body of
Diptera; I will observe only that the gradations hoary (pruinosus),
dusted (pollinosus), mealy (farinosus), or pubescent (pubesccns~),
hairy (pilosus'), bristly (setosus), etc., in their application must be
judged more according to a relative than an absolute scale, viz., in
a family that has coarse hair the same is called hairy, which in
another with fine hair is termed bristly, and so in similar cases.
If we were not willing to do so, expressions would fail to point
out the existing differences.

XXIV

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OP DIPTERA.

1. Wing of Ortalis.

a. Transverse shoulder-vein (vena transversa humeralis).

b. Auxiliary vein (vena auxiliaris).

c. d, e,f, ff, and h. First, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth longitudinal veins (vena

longitudinales prima, secuuda, tertia, quarta, quiuta, et sexta).
i. Small or middle transverse vein (vena transversa minor s. media).
fc. Hinder transverse vein (vena transversa posterior).
I, m, n, o. Costal vein (vena costalis).

p. Anterior basal transverse vein (vena transversa basalis anterior).
q. Posterior basal transverse vein (vena transversa basalis posterior).
r. Rudiment of the fourth trunk.
S. Axillary incision (incisura axillaris).
A, B, and G. First, second, and third costal-cells (cellulae costales prima, secunda, et

tertia).

D. Marginal cell (cellula marginalis).

E. Submarginal cell (cellula submarginalis).

F. G, and)/. First, second, and third posterior cells (cellula; posteriores prima, secunda,

et tertia).

/. IMscal cell (cellula discoidalis).

K. First or large basal cell (cellula basalis prima s. major).
L. Second basal cell, or anterior of the small basal cells.
Jf, Third basal cell, or posterior of the small basal cells.
N. Anal or axillary corner of the wing (angulus analis s. axillaris).
0. Alar appendage (alula).

2. Wing of Emjiix.

t. Anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein (venae longitudinalis tertiae ramus

anterior).
«. Anterior intercalary vein (vena intercalaris anterior).

3. Wing of Dasypogon.

t. Anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein.
u. Anterior intercalary vein.
v. Posterior intercalary vein.

DIPTERA

OP

NORTH AMERICA

i.

SKETCH OP THE SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF DIPTERA : WITH AN
ENUMERATION OF THE GENERA HITHERTO RECORDED AS' FOUND
IN NORTH AMERICA.

OUR knowledge of the Dipterological Fauna of North America
has lately made rapid progress by the great attention paid to it
by Baron Osten Sacken during his residence in Washington. As
a preliminary to further investigations, he prepared, in 1858, for
publication by the Smithsonian Institution, a Catalogue of the
then described North American Diptera, which had the great and
essential merit of nearly entire completeness. It cannot but be
considered as a wise precaution that he did not enter upon a criti-
cal examination of the published species, as he well understood
that such an examination could only be the work of the combined
efforts of many persons, and the fruit of a long toil of years, and
that consequently undertaking it would have indefinitely retarded
the publication of such a catalogue, so desirable for the advance-
ment of North American Dipterology. The impulse caused by
Baron Osten Sacken's Catalogue is already evident, and it has
proved a welcome and valuable assistance 'to every one attempting
a more thorough study of North American Diptera, by an intel-
ligible arrangement of the already published species, not only
sparing him much laborious research, but also giving him the cer-
tainty of not overlooking a species already described. But although
this Catalogue presents a survey of all papers hitherto published,
and of the contributions of each author, it does not, and according
1

2 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

to its plan could not, afford a survey of the North American
Fauna Dipterologica, corresponding to the present state of sys-
tematic Dipterology; on the contrary, sketching such a survey is
one of the tasks to which it looks forward to as one of the first
fruits of its publication. It would be quite impossible to draw
such a systematic survey of the hitherto known North American
Diptera from the Catalogue itself, since it comprises the publica-
tions of the authors of different times and countries, of writers who
had the most different systematic ideas and points of view, and
since, in consequence of its plan, it could not but include such
papers as are devoid of any solid knowledge of systematic Dipter-
ology— to which, above all, the descriptions of Rob. Desvoidy,
and, in a still higher degree, those of Mr. Walker belong. Conse-
quently a survey of those families and genera which North America
really possesses, is to be acquired in no other way than from the in-
spection and careful investigation of the species themselves. The
rich collections of Baron Osten-Sacken have enabled me to examine
a number of North American species sufficient to allow me to ven-
ture an essay of the kind indicated. In this survey I have adopted
for the North American Fauna the same area as that of Baron
Osten Sacken's Catalogue, the materials upon which I establish my
work corresponding to this area. Still it cannot be denied, as far
as I am able to judge, that this area, in its southern extent, reaches
beyond the limits of the North American zoological province. In
order to give a true, though of course not complete sketch of the
North American Dipterological Fauna, I can, besides such species
as I know by my own inspection, have regard only to those the
systematic location of which is in no way doubtful.

For many years past all Diptera have been divided into two
large sections, Nemocera and Brachycera. In the Diptera of the
first section the antenna, having the fundamental form of a thread,
consists of many joints, two of them being called the joints of the
scapus, the following those of the flagellum. The latter are all of
the same structure, although this structure varies in different spe-
cies. The first joint of the flagellum, i. e., the third of the whole
antenna, is never so distinguished in size or structure that one
might consider the succeeding joints as its accessorial appendages,
nor is the connection of the joints (with the exception of the Bibi-
onida, Mycetophilidce, and a few others) such as might lead us to

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 3

consider them as one, divided into several annuliform segments.
In the second section, the Brachycera, the two joints of the scapus
are likewise separated; the third joint, or first of the flagellum,
usually differs by its remarkably developed size and its anatomical
structure, causing it to be considered as a sensorial organ about
the nature of which entomologists are not yet agreed. The suc-
ceeding joints of the flagellum are much reduced in size, generally
very few in number, and often of unequal number in nearly related
genera, or even in species of the same genus. They even disappear
entirely in some genera (e. g., in Scenopinus). If they are extant,
they have usually the form of a style or bristle, the position of
which, according to its nature, is in fact apical, although, from
the development of the under side of the third joint, the bristle
often seems inserted on its back, or even, in some instances, in
the immediate vicinity of the base itself. In the genera, in which
the .first joint of the flagellum is not of a remarkable size, the
following joints are generally more numerous, and either all or the
greater part of them share the peculiar organization showing their
function to be that of a sensorial organ. They are applied at the
same time so closely to the first joint of the flagellum, that we are
compelled to consider all of them together as one, divided into
several segments, or the terminal one as a style or bristle of a single
joint, formed by the other joints of the flagellum. Consequently
the essential difference between the sections Nemocera et Brachycera
is this, that in the latter the number of joints of the flagellum is
not only smaller, but also that the lower joint, sometimes a few
joints, always the lower ones, rarely all, have a more distinct de-
velopment, and at the same time a peculiar anatomical structure
undoubtedly proving their function to be that of a sensorial organ.
It cannot be denied that those families of Brachycera in which
several of the joints of the flagellum are so soldered together as
to form one compound and annulated mass, stand nearest to the
section of Nemocera, and that amongst these families the Xylopha-
gidce must be placed immediately on the limit of both sections. It
is more difficult to point out a family of Nemocera, which comes
nearer to the section of Brachycera than all the others; in general
the families of Rhyphidce and Bibionidce may be considered as those
to which this station must be assigned. It is- a fact that some dis-
coveries made in modern times have obliterated to a certain degree
the sharpness of the limit which was considered to exist between

4 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the sections of Nemocera and Brachycera. The fact known long
ago, that in some genera of Stratiomydcc and Tabanidce the joints
of the flagellum not being closely compressed, do not form a com-
pact joint, has been rather neglected in this respect, perhaps be-
cause the Stratiomydee and Tabanidce, by their whole organization,
are rather remote from the Nemocera, and have so strikingly pecu-
liar characters as individual families, that their comparison with
the Nemocera has scarcely been thought of. The case was dif-
ferent when* a similar structure was observed in the family of Xylo-
phagidce. After I had myself first pointed out the genera Electro,
and Chrysothemis, discovered by me in Prussian amber, Mr. Hali-
day found the still more surprising North American genus Rachi-
cerus. I shall have hereafter to mention a second North American
genus of Xylophagidce, which has the flagellnm of the antennae not
annulated, but really many-jointed. All these facts, however, are
not sufficient to compel us at present to give up the separation of
the Nemocera and Brachycera.

Many authorities have likewise objected to uniting under the
head of Brachycera all those families which cannot be referred
to the Nemocera, especially and with the fullest reason, to the
union of the Hippoloscidce with, the other Brachycera, since
both the history of their development arid their internal and ex-
ternal anatomy essentially differ from them. They can only be
considered as a third section, co-ordinate to the Nemocera and
Bracliycera, and having the same systematic value, and may be
named Coriacea, or they may be opposed to the other two together
as equivalent, and consequently be comprised under the name of
Eproloscidea, that of Proboscidea being left to the two other sec-
tions. I intend to follow the first of these two arrangements.

Of the families which I shall hereafter enumerate as belonging
to the Bracliycera, the Plioridce alone have occasioned some doubts
about their title to this place, founded, if I judge correctly, on
the abnormal structure of their antenna? ; these are considered as
one-jointed, with the terminal bristle consisting of several joints.
.Judging by the anatomical structure, I for my part am unable to
see in the joint, which is pre-eminently developed and forms the
main body of the antennae, more than the first joint of the flagel-
lum, its peculiarity arising from the soldering together and stunting
of the*two joints of the scapus, the covering of which is moreover
less horny than in the other families of Brachycera. This differ-

CULICIDAE — CHIRONOMIDAE. 5

ence, surprising as it is, does not seem to me to have systematic
importance enough to require a separation of the Phoridce from
the remaining Brachycera, and the less so as similar deviations,
though not nearly of so striking a nature, also occur in other fami-
lies. I mention, as an instance, the remarkably stunted second joint
of the antennae in the genus Haltericerus Rond. among the Doli-
chopidce.

I. NEMOCERA.
FAM. I. CULICIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli none. Thorax without transverse suture. Costal vein
continued round the margin of the wing, fringed with scales ; veins
in their last subdivisions more than six in nuniher.

This family, rich in species, comprises only a small number of
genera. As such, the old well-known genera CULEX, AEDES,
ANOPHELES, and CORETHRA are to be named first, being those
among which Meigen has distributed the European species. To
them may be added the genera MEGARHINA, PSOROPHORA, and SA-
BETHES, separated from Culex by Rob. Desvoidy, the two last being
scarcely tenable, whereas MegarJiina is acknowledged as holding
good. The genus MOCHLONYX, established by me, is very near to
Corethra, differing, however, by the abbreviation of the first tarsal
joint.

Species of the genera CULEX and ANOPHELES occur over all
parts of K A., whereas MEGARHINA and PSOROPHORA are only
represented by single species belonging, as it seems, more to the
South, as is also CORETHRA by C. punctipennis Say.

FAM. II. CHIRONOMIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli none. Thorax without transverse suture. Wings with-
out vein along the posterior margin ; costal vein ending near the
tip of the wing.

This family is not much richer in genera than that of the C'ulicidee,
but far more so in species. It contains the old and well-established
genera CHIRONOMUS, TANYPUS, and CERATOPOGON, to which have
been added the genera HYDROB^INUS Fries (= Corynocerus Ruthe),

6 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

DIAMESA Meig., CORYNONEURA Winn., and CLTJNIO Hal., which is
so remarkable by the habitation of its larva. The species of Cera-
topogon exhibit a good deal of varied organization. A division
into a number of smaller genera, which is indispensable, has been
attempted, but not executed in a satisfactory manner, and the
genera LABIDOMYIA Steph., CULIOCIDES Latr., PALPOMYIA Meig.,
SPH^ROMIAS Steph., and PRIONOMYIA Steph. can be only consi-
dered at present as sub-genera of Ceratopogon. The genus THA-
LASSOMYIA Schin. has been separated from Chironomus. Also the
genus MACROPEZA Meig. must be united with the Chironomidce,
and Macquart is right in having done so in his " Dipteres exo-
tiques." The genus ORPHNEPHILA Hal. (= Thaumaka Ruthe =
Chenesia Macq.) differs from all the other Chironomidce by the
veins of the wings running without attenuation to, and the costal
vein being continued round, the posterior border. If we do not
establish a separate family for it, its proper place will be here, but
as an anomalous genus.

The genera CHIRONOMUS, TANYPUS, and CERATOPOGON are largely
represented in N. A. ; the most interesting are the species of Cera-
topogon. Heteromyia Say belongs here. Of the remaining genera,
I have seen only one N. A. species, which belongs to the genus
ORPHNEPHILA, and does not seem to differ from 0. testacea Ruthe.

FAM. III. CECIDOMYIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli often none. Thorax without transverse suture. Coxae
not elongated, femora not thickened, tibiae without spurs. Wings
having only few longitudinal veins.

It is rather difficult to define sharply this most interesting family,
and consequently to characterize it exactly. It contains a very
large number of extremely delicate and elegant minute species,
remarkable by long and easily rubbed off hairs on the wings and
the other parts of the body. The limits between the families Ceci-
domyidce (Gall-gnats) and Mycetophilidte (Fungus-gnats) are not
very easily fixed, since Zygoneura Meig. shows a combination of
the characters of both; the coxas being far less elongated and the
spurs of the tibise far shorter than in any other genus of Myceto-
philidce; moreover, the antennae are moniliform with verticillate
hairs, as is frequently the case in the Cecidomyidce and never so

CECIDOMYIDAE. 7

among Mycetophilidce. But the total habitus of the Zygoneurce
being more like that of the former than of the latter, and the tibial
spurs being so very short, that in some species they can only be
discovered by the closest scrutiny, I think I may be justified if I
add them to the Cecidomyidce, though in many respects they agree
with the genus Sciara, which has its natural place among the
Mycetophilidte.

The whole family is divided into two sections. The first of
these, the CECIDOMYINA, have on the wings four longitudinal veins,
the two last of which often coalesce in the beginning of their course,
or are more or less incomplete. They have no ocelli, and the first
joint of their tarsi is much shortened. The genera belonging here
are : HORMOMYIA Loew, DIPLOSIS Loeiv, CECIDOMYIA Latr., As-
PHONDYLIA Loew, DIRHIZA Loew, COLPODIA Winn., EPIDOSIS Loew,
ASYNAPTA Loew, LASIOPTERA Meig., and CLINORHYNCHA Loeiv.
In the genera of the second section, the ANARETINA, between the
second and third of those veins of the wings which the first sec-
tion possesses, another longitudinal vein is inserted, being simple
only in Campylomyza, while it is furcate in all the other genera ;
the first tarsal joint is not shortened, and in all genera, with the
single exception of Cecidogona, there are distinct ocelli. To this
section belong: CAMPYLOMYZA Meig., CECIDOGONA Loew, ANA-
RETE Hal., CATOCHA Hal. (= Macrostyla Winn.), LESTREMIA
Macq. (= Diamesa Meig.), and ZYGONEURA Meig.

I have omitted here the genera HETEROPEZA Winn. and SPANI-
OCERA Winn., not having had an opportunity of examining speci-
mens. Heteropeza seems to harmonize in many points with the
genera of the first section, but differs very strikingly by the totally
different structure of its tarsi. Rondani has established in this
family a good number of genera, which are, however, quite un-
available, since the observations on which they are founded are
too inexact.

•

Yery little information has thus far been published respecting the
Cecidomyidce of N. A. Most of the species sufficiently described
belong to the genus Gecidomyia in its restricted sense, as is now
in use ; viz : Gee. destructor Say, salicis Fitch, and tritici Kirby ;
Gee. grossularice Fitch ought, as it seems, to be referred to the
genus ASPHONDYLIA ; some fine species of the genera DIPLOSIS
and LASIOPTERA occur there. Out of the second section I have

8 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

seen species of the genera CAMPYLOMYZA, ZYGONETJRA and LES-
TREMIA. Of a new genus belonging to the same section, I have
seen only one incomplete individual.

FAM. IV. BLEPHAROCERIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli three. Wings very ample, naked (/. e. with hairs only
perceptible under a very highly magnifying lens), with cracks
caused apparently by folding ; no discoidal cell. Posterior tibiae
with stout spurs, anterior tibiae unarmed.

The genus BLEPHAROCERA Macq. cannot, except by the utmost
constraint, be included in any of the existing families. Its nearest
relation is the Ceylanese genus TANYRHINA Loew. I unite these
two genera in one small family, the name of which I derive from
the older of the two. The Blepharoceridce differ from the Cecido-
myidce by the stout terminal spur of their posterior tibias, from
the Mycetophilidce by their coxae not being elongated, from the
Bibionidce by the want of an empodium and pulvilli, and by the
very little development of their prothorax. In the form and tissue
of their wings they are most nearly allied to the Simulidce, but by
the existence of ocelli, and by the long slender legs, they seem to
me to differ from them too much to be reunited with them. The
neuration of their wings is rather similar to that of the Cecido-
myidce ; but Blepharocera has some more longitudinal veins, and
thus its neuration resembles that of Macropeza. Besides the longi-
tudinal veins, the wings show some fine cracks, perfectly similar in
both, and looking as though produced by the expansion of the
wings, which had previously been folded ; this mark is peculiar to
them, pointing to some peculiarities in their transformation un-
fortunately still unknown ; some certainty about the place due to
them in the system may, therefore, be expected from the knowledge
of their earlier stages.

I know only one N. A. species of BLEPHAROCERA very much
resembling that species which is spread over a great part of Eu-
rope. Blepharocera americana Walk, neither belongs to this
genus, nor even to this family.

PSYCHODIDAE — T1PTJLIDAE.

FAM. Y. PSYCHODIDAE.

Charact. — No ocelli. Body with, long, coarse hairs. Thorax without a
transverse suture. Tibiae without spurs. Wings everywhere with
long coarse hairs, many longitudinal veins, and only a few trans-
verse veins ; no discoidal cells.

The genera of Psyclwdida, on account of their neuration, form
two sections ; in the first, the PSYCHODINA, there are, between
the furcate longitudinal veins common to all genera, two simple
longitudinal veins. The genera of this section are : PSYCHODA
Latr., PERICOMA Hal., ULOMYIA Hal. (= Saccopteryx Hal. ol.),
POSTHON Loew, and NYGMATODES Loew (= Nemapalpus Macq.).
In the second section, the PHLEBOTOMINA, we see only one longi-
tudinal vein between the two furcate veins. The genera belonging
here are: PHLEBOTOMUS Rond. (= Hoemasson Loew), TRICHO-
MYIA Hal. (= Phalcenomyia Loew), SYCORAX Hal., DIPLONEMA
Loew, and PHIUEMATUS Loew.

• The small number of N. A. Psychodidce I have seen, belong
without exception to the genera PSYCHODA and PERICOMA. In
Europe there have been discovered besides the genera Ulomyia,
Phlebotomus, Trichomyia, and Sycorax. From the smalluess and
fragility of Psychodidce, it may easily be conceived why so few
N. A. species have still been detected.

FAM. VI. TIPULIDAE.

Charact. — No ocelli.* Thorax with a V-shaped transverse suture. Legs
very elongated ; the basal cells of the wings reaching beyond the
middle ; discal cell existing in most of the genera.

The want of ocelli, the considerable length of the legs as well
as of the basal half of the wings (the latter cause producing a
prolongation of the basal cells beyond the middle of the wing),
are the most essential characters of this family. Moreover, the
Y-shaped transverse suture of the thorax is of the greatest value,
since only the anomalous genera DIXA Meig. and CHIONEA Dolman
are destitute of it. It does not seem natural to attribute to the
former genus, on account of this circumstance, any other place

* Except in Trichocera, where they exist. 0. S.

10 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

but among the Tipulidce. The abnormal structure of the thorax
in the wingless genus Chionea is less surprising, its form depending
chiefly on the situation and size of the alary muscles, and, however
it may differ in some respects from all the other genera of Tipu-
lidce, it would be still more inconveniently located in any other
family. Whether the genus POLYMERA Wied., which is distin-
guished by its moniliform antennae and the basal cells not reaching
to the middle of the wings, may be placed among the Tipulidce,
appears doubtful. I should have thought it belonged to the tribe
PsycJwdidce, had not Macquart figured the thorax of Polymera
fusca with a distinct Y-shaped transverse suture.

The variety of forms prevailing in the family of Tipulidce has
caused the foundation of a rather large number of genera. In
order to facilitate the description of the new species and the iden-
tification of the described ones, a considerable increase of the
number of genera is indispensable.

On the whole, the Tipulidce may be divided into two sections,
the TIPULINA having long, and the LIMNOBINA having short palpi.
This division, indeed, is no natural one, since some genera with ^
long palpi agree in all the rest of their organization more with the
genera of the second than of the first section.

The genera of Tipulidce hitherto established, as I know them by
sight, or, in part, by the definitions of their authors, may be dis-
tributed as follows. To the Tipulinn belong: TIPULA Linn.,
PRIONOCERA Loeiv, PACHYRHINA Macq., NBPHROTOMA JTe^., CTE-
NOPHORA Meig. , DOLICHOPEZA Meig. , OzoDiCERATI/acy., CTENOGYNA
Macq., GYNOPLISTIA Westw., PTILOGYNA Westw., MEGISTOCERA
Wied., APEILESIS Macq., PTYCHOPTERA Meig.; MACROCHILE Loew,
PROTOPLASA 0. S., PTEROCOSMUS Walk., HESPERINUS Walk., BIT-
TACOMORPHA Westw., and RHAMPHIDIA Meig. To the section of
Limnobina must be referred : LIMNOBIA Meig., GLOCHINA Meig.,
RHIPIDIA Meig., GERANOMYIA Hal. (= Aporosa Macq.), DICRA-
NOMYIA Steph., ANTOCHA 0. S., ELEPHANTOMYIA 0. S., LIMNOBIO-
RHYNCHUS Westw. (= Toxorhina Loew), DICRANOPTYCHA 0. S.,
TEUCHOLABIS 0. S. , ERIOPTERA Meig. , SYMPLECTA Meig. , CRYPTO-
LABIS 0. S., GONOMYIA J/e#., GNOPHOMYIA 0. S., CLADURA 0. S.,
TRICHOCERA Meig., CYLINDROTOMA Meig., ANISOMERA Meig., AR-
RHENICA 0. S., ERIOCERA Macq., DICRANOTA Zett., ULA Hal.,
AMALOPIS Hal., TRICYPHONA Zett., EVANIOPTERA Guer., PEDICIA

Lair., LlMNOPHILA Macq., EPIPHRAGMA 0. S., DlCRANOPHRAGMA

TTPULIDAE. 1 1

0. S., IDIOPTERA Macq., LASIOMASTIX 0. S., DACTYLOLABIS 0. S.,
PRIONOLABIS 0. S. ; as Limnobina may also be mentioned the fossil
genera which have been found in Prussian amber : TRICHONEURA,
CALOBAMON, HAPLONEURA, CRITONEURA, TANYMERA, TANYSPHYRA,
STYRINGOMYIA, ATARACTA, and ALLARITHMIA. As genera of
doubtful location we may add the genus POLYMERA Wied., and the
anomalous genera DIXA Meig. and CHIONEA Dalm.

We know as genera of Tipulina occurring in N. A. the follow-
ing : TIPULA, PACHYRHINA, CTENOPHORA, PTILOGYNA, PTYCHOP-
TERA, PROTOPLASA, HESPERINUS, BITTACOMORPHA, and RHAMPHI-
DIA. About the genera and species of Limnobina indigenous in
N. A., Baron Osten Sacken, in the Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1859, has published a detailed
and valuable paper, which enters into a more complete and tho-
rough exposition of the system of this section than is possible for
me to give here. I must, therefore, refer to this paper. The
species enumerated in it, most of which are new, belong to the
following genera: Limnobia, Rhipidia, Geranomyia, Dicrano-
myia, Antocha, Elephantomyia, Lirnnobiorhynchus, Dicranoptycha,
Teucholabis, Erioptera, Symplecta, Cryptolabis, Gonomyia, Gno-
phomyia, CJadura, Trichocera, Anisomera, Arrhenica, Eriocera,
Dicranota, Via, Amalopis, Pedicia, Limnophila, Epipliragma,
Dicranophragma, Idioptera, Lasiomastix, Dactylolabis, and Prio-
nolabis; also Dixa and Cltionea are recorded as N. A. genera.

Note. — The special attention which I have, for several years, paid to
the family of Tipulidce may serve as an excuse for my expressing here
my views on its distribution. Although these views are founded merely
on the study of the species of this continent, the new character which I
introduce for the definition of the two principal sub-families may also
prove useful for the classification of the Tipulidce of other countries.

I divide the American species of Tipulidce, at present known, into three
sub-families, as follows : —

I. The auxiliary vein ends in the first longitudinal vein; besides the hu-

meral cross vein, there is no other cross vein between the auxiliary
vein and the first longitudinal vein or the costa ; last joint of palpi
very long, filiform, generally longer than the three preceding taken
together. TIPULINA.

II. The auxiliary vein ends in the costa; there is a cross vein between it

and the second longitudinal vein, generally more or less approxi-
mated to the tip of the Jirst longitudinal vein, sometimes more

1 2 D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

removed from it towards the base of the wings ; palpi in most
cases short ; last joint either very short, or, if elongated, hardly
longer than the three preceding taken together LIMNOBINA.

III. Sixth longitudinal vein (anal vein of the former authors) obsolete.

PTYCHOPTEKINA.

The two first large groups are further distinguished by the structure of
the genital organs of the male, which, in most of the Limnobina, ai-e
represented by a forceps, consisting of two movable, fleshy lobes, with
some delicate horny appendages ; whereas in the Tipulina the forceps is
a very compound organ, consisting of manifold horny pieces, which, being
inclosed between the dorsal and ventral plates of the two last abdominal
segments, produce the club-shaped appearance peculiar to the tip of the
£ abdomen of this sub-family.

Thus founded, not on a single character, but on a combination of cha-
racters taken from, various organs, the definition of the two great sub-
families hardly leaves any doubtful case among the Tipulidx which I
know of. If one character fails to give a satisfactory result, the others
will generally remove at once any doubt as to the relationship of the spe-
cies. Thus, the last joint of the palpi of Pedicia is unusually long ; but
the auxiliary vein, ending in the subcosta, and the presence of a cross
vein between it and the second vein, immediately refer it to the Limnobina,
where this genus naturally belongs on account of its habitus. (I have
neglected to examine this last joint in fresh specimens of Pedicia, but it
appears very probable that its disproportion with the other joints is far
from being so striking as is the case in the Tipulina.*)

In Rhamphidia, the last joint of the palpi is represented by former
writers to be elongated. I had 110 occasion to ascertain, on living speci-
mens, how far this is correct. But the presence of the cross vein places
this genus among the Limnobina, where it naturally belongs by its habitus.
And even if this character should not be considered as sufficient, on account
of the extreme shortness of the cross vein, placed at the very tip of the
auxiliary vein, the structure of the male genitals removes all doubt.

In some Pachyrhinae there is, near the tip of the auxiliary vein, a blackish
dot, which might perhaps be mistaken for a cross vein. But should it
even be considered as a rudiment of one, the length of the last joint of
the palpi, the structure of the male genitals, etc., assign its place among
the Tipulina, where its habitus most evidently refers it.

In the singular genus Antocha 0. S. the costa and the auxiliary and the
first longitudinal veins coalesce insensibly together, so that there is no
room left for a cross vein. In this case, the shortness of the palpi and
the structure of the male genitals decide of its location among the Lim-
nobina.

I refer to my sub-family of Ptychopterina the genera Ptijclwptcra, Biltaco-
morpha, and Protoplasa (with its congener Macrochile Loew). As to the
distribution of the other genera among the two remaining sub-families, I
agree with Mr. Loew, with the following exceptions: —

MYCETOPHILIDAE. 13

JRhamphidia, as shown above, is more related to the Limnobina than to
the Tipulina; by all means it ought not to be separated from Elfphanto-
myia, as Mr. Loew does it. In my paper on the Limnobina of this country,
I have explained the close relationship of both. Elephant omyia is nothing
but a Rhamphidia with an enormously prolonged rostrum, the development
of which has also modified the character of the palpi inserted at its tip.
(Geranomyia, with its long rostrum and stunted palpi, stands precisely in
the same relation to Dicranomyia.)

Gynoplistia Westw. (an Australian genus) and Polymera Wied., both of
which I know only from plates and descriptions, belong, I presume, to the
Limnobina.

Hesperinus, Walk, belongs to iheSibionidas (see my note in that family).

About Pteror.osmus Walk. I have no opinion whatever, not having seen
it, and not being able to establish any opinion on the description.

To the list of genera already found in North America, I have to add
Dolichopesct, Neplirotoma, and probably Cylindrotoma, as I possess a species
apparently closely allied to the latter. Finally, it is the place here to
notice that Mr. Westwood (Lond. and Edinb. Philos. Magaz., 1835) has
described a Gynoplistia annulata from North America. As it is hardly
probable that an Australian genus should also be represented on this con-
tinent, it is to be presumed either that the genus is different, or that the
statement is based upon an error of locality. Gynoplistia has pectinated
antennae in both male and female.

OSTEN SACKEK.

FAM. VII. MYCETOPHILIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli three or two, in the latter case often hardly perceptible.
Thorax without a transverse suture ; wings without discal cell.
Coxse much elongated ; all the tibise with spurs.

On the whole, the Mycetophilidce are so easily known that it would
be superfluous to give any more details about them. The genus
differing the most from the rest is Sciara, which shows some
affinity with the Cecidomyidce.

The genera hitherto introduced in this family are the following:
CORDYLA Meig. (= Brachypaljms Macq.), MYCETOPHILA Meig.,
AZANA Walk., LEJA Meig., BOLETINA Staeg. (= Leptomorphits
Walk.), SCIOPHILA Meig., SCIOBTA Loew, TETRAGONEURA Winn.,
GNORISTE Meig., ASINDULUM Lair. ( = Macrorhyncha Winn.),
CEROPLATUS Fair., LEPTOMORPHUS Curt., DIADOCIDIA Ruth. ( =
Macroneura Winn.), ACLADA Loew, MYCETOBIA Meig., PLESIAS-
TINA Winn., DITOMYIA Winn. (Symmerus Walk.), PLATYURA
Meig., PLATYROPTILON Westw., MACROCERA Meig., BOLITOPHILA

14 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Meig. (= Messala Curt.), HETEROTRICHA Loew, DIANEPSIA Loew,
SCIARA Fabr., and the genus DIOMONUS Walk., which is unknown
to me. I have not mentioned the genus SYNAPHA- Meig. , because
it seems to have been founded on an individual of a species of Leja,
which possessed an irregularly formed neuration ; at least as far
as I know, no second specimen of Synapha has been captured
since Meigen's time, while a similar anomaly of neuration of the
wings has been observed several times in other Diptera.

Our knowledge of N. A. Mycetophilidceis exceedingly incomplete.
I have seen species of the genera MYCETOPHILA, BOLETINA, Scio-
PHILA, TETRAGONEURA, PLESIASTINA, DITOMYIA, PLATYURA, MA-
CROCERA, BOLITOPHILA, and SCIARA. Besides these, the existence
of CEROPLATUS seems to be certain, and the genus DIOMONUS,
which I bave never seen, is founded on a N". A. species.

FAM. YIIL SIMULIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli none. Thorax without transverse suture. Wings with
very short hair only visible under a very high magnifying power ;
legs short, tibiae without spurs ; posterior tibire and first joint of
the hind tarsi dilated.

The present family comprises only the genus SIMULIUM Latr.,
rich in species and which cannot be placed in any other family. It
does not seem to be less rich in species in N. A. than in Europe.

FAM. IX. BIBIONIDAE.

Charact. — Ocelli three. Thorax without transverse suture ; prothorax
much developed. Wings without discal cell; coxae not prolonged ;
empodium proportionally long, whereas the pulvilli are wanting in
some of the genera.

The family of Bibionidce is divided into two sections sharply
separated from each other, and which it would be proper to con-
sider as distinct families. In the SCATOPSINA, which form the first
section, the palpi are very short, the pulvilli wanting, the tibias
without spurs ; the genera belonging to them are : SCATOPSE
Geoff}'., ASPISTES Meig., ARTHRIA Kirby. To the second section,

the BIBIONINA, belong: DILOPHTJS Meig., BIBIO Geoffr., PENTHE-

RHYPHIDAE — XYLOPHAGIDAE. 15

TRIA Meig., CRAPITULA Gimm., PLECIA Wied., EUPEITENUS Macq.,
PACHYNEURA Zett., and SPODITJS Loew.

Species of the genera SCATOPSE, ARTHRIA, DILOPHUS, BIBIO,
PLECIA, and EUPEITENUS are known to occur in JST. A.

Note. — At the time when this was written by Mr. Loew, neither he nor I
possessed specimens of the genus Hesperinus, which its author, Mr. Walker,
referred to the Tipulidse. Having obtained specimens since, collected by
Mr. R. Kennicott near the Great Slave Lake, I found that Hesperinus be-
longs to the Bibionidas, and is apparently synonymous with Spodius Loew.
Accordingly, Hesperinus Walk, is to be added to the genera of this family
occurring in N. A., and stricken out from among the Tipulidae. 0. S.

FAM. X. KHYPHIDAE.

Charact, — Ocelli three. Thorax without transverse suture ; wings with a
perfect discal cell ; empodiurn similar to a pulvillus ; pulvilli want-
ing.

Of this family also a single genus, RHYPHUS Meig., is known,
which has representatives in Europa, Asia, and N. A.

Observation — There is a genus Epidapus Hal., remarkable for
having no wings and no poisers, which I have omitted in the pre-
ceding enumeration of families, because I do not know it. It is
quite impossible to place it among the Mycetophilidce, as Walker
does, if we characterize the families as we have done. It rather
seems to find its place among the Cecidomyidce ; but there is nothing
decisive to be said without the examination of fresh specimens.

II. BRACHYCERA.

FAM. XI. XYLOPHAGIDAE.

Charact. — The three basal cells very prolonged, the third longitudinal vein
furcate ; both intercalary veins always present ; the marginal vein
encompassing the whole wing ; the third joint of the antennae annu-
lated or divided into separate joints, always without style or termi-
nal bristle. Tibiae with spurs ; the empodium very developed and
pulvilliform.

The genera belonging here are: XYLOPHAGUS Meig., PACHY-
STOMUS Latr., SUBULA Meig., ELECTRA Loew, CURYSOTHEMIS

16 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Loew, RACHICERUS Hal, COENOMYIA Latr., and ARTHROPEAS
Loew. The new genera CYCLOTELUS, PHYCUS, and DIMASSUS, es-
tablished by Walker as belonging to the Xylophagidce, belong in
fact to the Therevidce; likewise NONACRIS must be removed here,
but Walker's observations on its characters are far too superficial
to admit of any certainty in fixing its place ; also DIALYSIS on ac-
count of the hairy, bristle-like antennal tip ascribed to it by Walker
might seem to be erroneously located among the Xylophagidce, the
characters of which he appears not to have understood.

Ccenomyia Latr. has often been separated from the Xylophagidce
and considered as forming a distinct family: Ccenomyidos, or for-
merly Sicarii. This seems to have been caused by the body of
Ccenomyia. being stout, whereas that of Xylophagus and Subula is
of a slender form. Moreover, the different form of the palpi, which
in Ccenomyia are rather cylindrical and ending in Xylophagus and
Subula in a button-shaped thickening, have been made use of to
justify the separation. But within a recent time forms of Cceno-
myidee have been discovered in which the structure of the body
and palpi is such as to form a link between them and the Xylopha-
gidce; from this, as well as from the agreement of their other
essential characters, results the necessity of reuniting them. In
case the separation should be maintained, Arthropeas ought to be
placed among the Ccenomyidce.

The family of Xylophagidce may be divided into three sections :
CCENOMYINA, RACHICERINA, and XYLOPHAGINA. The Ccenomyina
are characterized by their robust structure, the third joint of the
antennae being annnlated and pointed towards its end, the palpi
being cylindrical. The genera comprised here are CCENOMYIA and
ARTHROPEAS. In the Rachicerina the third joint of the antennas
is divided into separate and frequently very numerous articula-
tions, and the palpi are rather club-like; the body is less heavy
than in the Ccenomyina, but less slender than in the Xylophagina.
The genera ELECTRA, CIIRYSOTHEMIS, and RACHICERUS belong
here. The Xylophagina have the slenderest bodies; the third joint
of the antenna? is annulated and never strikingly pointed ; the
palpi have at their end a button-shaped thickening. The genera
SUBULA, XYLOPHAGUS, and PACHYSTOMUS may be referred here.

I am acquainted with N. A. species belonging to the genera
CCENOMYIA, ARTHROPEAS, RACHICERUS, SUBULA, and XYLOPHAGUS.

STRATIOMYIDAE. It

Two of the species of RACHICERUS cannot be well placed in this
genus without a modification of its characters.

Observation. — I have to mention here the genus BOLBOMYIA,
which I established on two fossil species found in Prussian amber.
When I published in 1850 my observations on the Dipterological
Fauna of amber, I thought it would be best placed among the Xy-
lopliagidcK. But I perceive from a N. A. specimen belonging to
Bolbymyia that its claim to that place is more than doubtful, and
at the same time that it is quite as difficult to assign it a fit place
elsewhere.

FAM. XII. STRATIOMYIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; veins of the two main trunks
very crowded anteriorly; both intercalary veins usually existing;
costal vein reaching only to the middle of the wing. Third joint
of the antennse annulated, sometimes divided into several portions.
Tibise without spurs ; empodium much developed, pulvilliform.

This family, rich in various forms, may be divided into five
sharply circumscribed sections. The first is that of the BERIDINA,
easily distinguished by the abdomen not showing five segments,
as in the other sections, but seven, a difference caused only by the
smallness of the two last segments and their concealed situation in
the other sections. The Beridina have often been placed in the
family of Xylophagid.ee, but figure more naturally among the Stra-
iiomyidce. The genera belonging to them are : METOPONIA Macq.
(= Inopus Walk.), BERIS Latr., ACTINA Meig., EXODONTHA
Rond., ACANTHOMYIA Sch., DiPHYSA Macq. , CAMPEPROSOPA Macq.,
perhaps also EXOCHOSTOMA Macq. ; also the genus CHIROMYZA
Wied., which does not differ from Xenomorpha Macq., may be re-
ferred to them. The second section is that of SARGINA, rather
agreeing in the form of the body with the Beridina,, and even
with the Hermetina, but differing from the former by the abdomen
consisting apparently of five segments, and from the latter by the
eyes of the males being much more approximated than those of
the females. As genera of this section may be mentioned CACOSIS
Walk., ACROCHYOTA Wied., EUDMETA Wied., ANALCOCERUS Loew,
SALDUBA Walk., TOXOCERA Macq., HOPLISTES Macq., RAPHIOCERA
.Mzcg.jBASENTiDEMA Macq., DICRANGI'HORA Macq., CHRYSOCHLORA
Macq., PTECTICUS Loew, MEROSARGUS Loew, PEDICELLA Big.,
2

18 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

CHRYSONOTUS Loew, SARGUS Fabr,, CLORISOMA Rond., CHRYSC-
MYIA Macq., and MICROCHRYSA Loew. The third section, HERME-
TINA, is well characterized by the elongated abdomen, the eyes,
which are equidistant and very remote in both sexes, and the
peculiar structure of the antennae, the third joint of which is
transformed into a ciliated lamel. The genera HERMETIA Latr.,
THORASENA Macq. belong to them. The fourth is formed by the
ODONTOMYINA, which are distinguished from the foregoing by their
broad body and from the following section by the less convex ab-
domen and especially by the neuration, the longitudinal veins of
the Odontomyina being more crowded anteriorly, the discal cell
being smaller, hexagonal or pentagonal, never large or subquad-
rate ; moreover, both intercalary veins are usually present, while
the posterior one is almost always wanting in the Pachygastrina.
The following genera may be referred to the Odontomyina: CY-
PHOMYIA Wied., "GnoRDONOTA Gerst., EUPARYPHUS Gerst., PYCNO-
MALLA Gerst., ALLIOCERA Saund., STRATIOMYS Geoff"., ODONTOMYIA
Meig., INERMYIA-B^., NEMOTELUS Geojfr., OXYCERA Meig., HETE-
ROXYCERA Big., EPHIPPIUM Latr., CLITELLARIA Meig., CYCLOGAS-
TER Macq. (= Lasiopa Brull.), ARTEMIDA Walk., AISSA Walk.,
METABASIS Walk., PROMERANISA Walk. The fifth section is that
of the Pachygastrina ; it is distinguished by the longitudinal veins
being less crowded towards the costal border, by the magnitude
and quadrangular form of the discal cell, the almost general want
of the posterior intercalary vein, the short, generally much inflated,
abdomen, and its segments soldered together in some genera. The
genera belonging here are : PACIIYG ASTER Meig., LOPHOTELES £oew,
STERNOBRITHES Loeiv, PLATYNA Wied., BIASTES Walk., PTILOCERA
Wied., CHATJNA Loew, BLASTOCERA Gerst., SPYRIDOPA Gerst.,
PANACRIS Gerst,, NERTJA Walk., CULCUA Walk., EVAZA Walk.,
ANACANTHELLA Macq.; perhaps also PHYLLOPHORA Macq., and
ANISOPHYSA Macq.

To which section of the Stratiomyida the genera Solva, Amp-
salis, Tracana, Rosapha, Tinda, Saruga, Gabaza, Adraga, and
Obrapa, lately formed by Walker, are to be referred, the extreme
vagueness of the characters ascribed to them does not allow me to
determine.

The N. A. species which are now known to me belong to the
following genera: I. Beridina: METOPONIA, ACTINA ; II. Sargi-

ACANTHOMERIDAE — TABANIDAE. 1 9

na: SARGUS, MICROCHRYSA : III. Hermetina: HERMETIA : IY.
Odontomyina: CYPHOMYIA, EUPARYPHUS, STRATIOMYS, ODONTO-
MYIA, NEMOTELUS, OXYCERA, CLITELLARIA ; V. Pachygastrina :
PACHYGASTER, CHAUNA.

FAM. XIII. ACANTHOMERIDAE.

Charact. — Basal cells much prolonged ; longitudinal veins not crowded
together anteriorly ; two intercalary veins always present ; marginal
vein running round the whole border of the wing. Oral parts with
four bristles, even in the male. Third joint of the antennae annu-
late. Tibiae without spurs ; ernpodiura developed to a pulvillar
form.

This small family contains only the two genera ACANTHOMERA
Wied. and RAPHIORHYNCHUS Wied. It differs from the Stratio-
myidce by the longitudinal veins not being crowded together ante-
riorly, by the marginal vein encompassing the whole border of the
wing and by the fourth cell of the posterior margin being closed.
It differs from the Tabanidce in the form of the oral parts and by
the tegulre being very little developed; as to the oral parts, I have
no absolute opinion of my own, but must rely on the communica-
tions of others.

No species of this family has been as yet discovered in N. A..

FAM. XIV. TABANIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; third longitudinal vein fur-
cate ; two intercalary veins always present; marginal vein running
round the whole border of the wing ; tegulse rather large. Proboscis
of the male with four, of the female with six bristles. Third joint
of the antennas annulate, rarely divided into distinct joints, always
without style or bristle ; empodium much developed and pulvilli-
form.

The Tabanidce are easily distinguished from the foregoing fami-
lies by the structure of the oral parts and by the size of the tegulos.
On account of the presence or absence of spurs at the end of the
posterior tibia? they may be divided into the sections of PANGONINA
and TABANINA ; the former often, but not always, possess ocelli,
whereas, according to the observations hitherto made, they are
always wanting in the latter section.

To the Pangonina belongs, firstly, the genus PANGONIA Lair,

20 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

with the genera separated from it and partly connected with each
other by passages : Philoliche Hffgg. , Dicrania Macq. , PeJeco-
rhynchus Macq., Cadicera Macq., Nuceria Walk., Melpia Walk.,
Scaptia Walk., Tacina Walk., Phara Walk., Clanis Walk., Osca
Walk., Scione Walk., Ph'nthina W silk. , ScarphiaWalk., and Lilcea
Walk.; moreover, the genera: SCEPSIS Walk., SILVIUS Meig. , ME-
SOMYIA Macq., TABANOCELLA Big., ECTENOPSIS Macq., RHINOMYZA
Wied., ERODIORHYNCHUS Macq., GASTROXIDES Saund., PRONOPES
Loew, CHRYSOPS Meig., and NEMORIUS Rond.

The Tabanina comprise the genera: TABANUS Linn., with The-
rioplectes Zell., DICHELACERA Macq., LEPISELAGA Macq., SELA-
SOMA Macq., HADRUS Pert., DIABASIS Macq., ACANTHOCERA Macq.,
DASYBASIS Macq., HEXATOMA Meig., and HJEMATOPOTA Meig.

The N. A. species which we are acquainted with belong to the
genera: I. Pangonina: 1. PANGONIA Latr., 2. SILVIUS Meig., 3.
CHRYSOPS Meig. II. Tabanina: 4. TABANUS Linn., 5. LEPI-
SELAGA Macq., 6. DIABASIS Macq., 7. EJEMATOPOTA Meig.

FAM. XV. LEPTIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; third longitudinal vein fur-
cate ; two intercalary veins always present ; marginal vein running
round the whole border of the wing. Third joint of the antennae
simple, with a simple or thickened styliform bristle. Tibiae with
spurs ; empodium much developed, pulvilliform.

This family is very easily distinguished from the foregoing
families by the simple third joint of its antennae. A division into
sections has not been attempted yet, and would be useless for the
small number of genera hitherto known. The genera belonging
to this family are as follows: DASYOMMA Macq., CHRYSOPILA
Macq., TRIPTOTRICHA Loew, LEPTIS Fair., VERMILEO Macq. (=
Psammorycter Blanch.), ATHERIX Meig., NODUTIS Meg. (= Ibisia
Rond.), and SPANIA Meig. ( — Ptiolina Zett. = Leptipalpus
Rond.).

The location here of the genus SynecJtes is one of the many
errors which we meet with in the writings of Mr. Walker.

I know N. A. species belonging to the genera : 1. CHRYSOPILA
Macq., 2. LEPTIS Fabr., 3. TRIPTOTRICHA Loew, 4. ATHERIX Meig.
Mr. Walker has also recorded a species of the genus Spania Meig.

CYRTIDAE — HIBMONEURIDAE. 21

FAM. XVI. CYRTIDAE.

Charact. — Thorax and abdomen inflated. Eyes occupying the greatest
part of the head. Tegulae vaulted, exceedingly large. Wings
naked, with variable neuration, sometimes very intricate, some-
times very incomplete ; the basal cells, when present, are of consi-
derable length. Terminal joint of the antennae simple. Tibiae
without spurs; empodium much developed, pulvilliform.

This family is divided into the two sections of CYRTINA and
ONCODINA. In the former section the veins of the wings are strong
and well developed, and the neuration is usually rather complicated.
It contains the genera: CYRTUS Latr., PTEROPEXUS Macq., EPI-
CERINA Macq., PANOPS Lam. (= Mesophysa Macq.), LASIA Wied.,
EULONCHUS Gerst., PSILODERA Griff. (—- Mesocera Macq.), PTERO-

DONTIA Griff., ASTOMELLA L. Duf., PHYLLIS EricllS., OCN^EA

Ericlis. ( — Eriosoma Macq. = Exelasis Walk.), PIALEA Erie/is.,
OBSEBIUS Cost. (= Pithogaster Loew), PHYSEGASTER Macq.

The section Oncodina is distinguished by the anterior veins of
the wings alone being completely developed, whereas the posterior
ones are not only very incomplete, but also disappear gradually,
and frequently are not completely connected. The genera which
belong here are: ONCODES Latr. (==. Henops Meig.), TERPHIS
Erichs. and PHILOPOTA Wied.

The N. A. species known to me belong to the genera: I. Cyr-
tina: 1. CYRTUS Latr., 2. OCN.SA Erichs., 3. PTERODONTIA Griff.,
4. ACROCERA Meig., 5. a genus hitherto unnamed, and related to
Obsebius, 6. EULONCHUS Gerst., occurring in California. II. On-
codina: 7. ONCODES Latr.

FAM. XVII. HIRMONEURIDAE.

•

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; veins of the wings varying ;
third longitudinal vein furcate; the two intercalary veins present.
Third joint of the antennae simple ; terminal bristle simple or simi-
lar to a style, and consisting of several joints. Tibiae without ter-
minal spurs ; empodium pulvilliform, but more frequently minute
as well as the pulvilli.

This family, usually called Nemestrinidce, must be divided into
the two sections HIRMONEURINA and RHYNCHOCEPHALINA. The
first comprises the genera: HIRMONEURA Meig., EXERETONEURA

22 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Macq., COLAX Wied., TRICHOPSIDEA Westw., and SYMMICTUS Loew,
all of which are characterized by their very short proboscis. To
the second belong the genera: FALLENIA Meig., NEMESTRINA Wied.,
MEGTSTORHYNCHUS Macq., TRICHOPHTHALMA Westw., and RHYN-

CHOCEPHALUS Fisch.

We are only acquainted with a single N. A. species belonging
to HIRMONEURA Meig.

FAM. XVIII. MID A SID AE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; third longitudinal vein fur-
cate ; posterior intercalary vein always present, whereas the ante-
rior one is often wanting ; veins of the wings varying ; wings naked.
Antennse clavate with the third joint consisting of several distinct
segments. Under lip fleshy. Ernpodium very little developed.

To this family belong the genera: MIDAS Fair., CEPHALOCERA
Latr., RHOPALIA Macq., and DOLICHOGASTER Macq. — POMACERA
Macq. may also be placed here till its true place is found.

The N. A. species hitherto known belong only to the genus
MIDAS Fabr.

FAM. XIX. ASILIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged. Third longitudinal vein of
the wings furcate, the two intercalary veins always present. Third
joint of the antennae simple; under lip forming a horny sheath;
empodium similar to a horny bristle.

This family, rich in species of the most varied forms, is divided
into three sections. The first of them is that of the DASYPOGO-
NINA, differing from the two others by its second longitudinal vein
running into the border of the wing, whereas in the others it
unites with the first longitudinal vein before the border of the wing.
The considerable number of genera requires a further division into
two subordinate groups, the first of which comprises those genera
in which the anterior tibias end in a hooked spine, whereas the
genera of the second portion have no such spine. Consequently
the genera belonging to the first group of Dasypogonina are as
follows: DASYPOGON Meig., SAROPOGON Loew, LASTAURUS Loew,
MORIMNA Walk., CYRTOPHRYS Loew, LAPARUS Loew, BRACHYRHO-
PALA Macq., CHEILOPOGON Bond., LAGODIAS Loew, and PEGE-

. ASILIDAE. 23

SIMALLUS Loew. Those of the second group are : MICROSTYLUM
Macq., MEGAPOLLION Walk., XIPKOCERUS Macq., DOLICHODES
Macq., DISCOCEPHALA Macq,, SENOBASIS Macq., PLESIOMMA Macq. ,
STENOPOGON Loew, BATHYPOGON Loew, HABROPOGON Loew, HOLO-
TOGowLoew, ERiopOGONZoew, HETEROPOGON Loew, ISOPOGON Loew,
OLIGOPOGON Loew, STICHOPOGON Loew, SAROPOGON Loew, DICRA-
NUS Loew, TRICLIS Loew, EUARMOSTUS Walk., PROLEPSIS Walk.,
CODULA Macq., CABASA Walk., PHELLUS Walk., PHILAMMOSIUS
Walk., GASTRICHELIUS Rond., DACTILISCUS Rond., ELASMOCERA
Rond., PHENEUS Walk., CROBILOCERUS Loew, PYCNOPOGON Loew,
ANAROLIUS Loew, ACNEPHALUM Macq., SISYRNODYTES Loew, RHA-
DINUS Loew, CERATURGUS Wied., DIOCTRIA Meig., TERATOPUS
Loew, DASPLETIS Loew, LAPHYCTIS Loew, SCYLATICUS Loew, II Y-
PENETES Loew, SPANURUS Loew, RHABDOGASTER Loew, DAMALIS
Wied., LEPTOGASTER Meig. (=GonypesIjsAlT.), EUSCELIDIA Westw.,
and LASIOCNEMUS Loew.

The second section of the Asilidce are the LAPHRINA; it agrees
with the third in the second longitudinal vein running into the
first, but differs from it in the style of the antennae either being
thick and stout, and generally only rudimentary, or entirely want-
ing, whereas the antennas of the third section possess a distinct
terminal bristle. The genera of the second section are: LAPHRIA
Meig., LAMPRIA Macq., HOPLISTOMERA Macq., MzGAPODA.Macq.,
RHOPALOG ASTER Macq., MICHOTAMIA Macq., ATOMOSIA Macq.,
LAXENECERA Macq., TAPINOCERA Macq., PHONEUS Macq., LA-
PHYSTIA Loew, NUSA Walk., SCANDON Walk. , DASYLLIS Loew, LA-
MYRA Loew, LAMPROZONA Loew, DASYTHRIX Loew, THEREUTRIA
Loew, AMPYX Walk., CORMANSIS Walk., CHCERADES Walk., Acu-
RANA Walk., PSEUDORUS Walk., POGONOSOMA Rond., and DYSERIS
Loew.

The third section is that of the ASILINA, which is characterized
by its second longitudinal vein running into the first, and by its
antennae having a distinct terminal bristle. The genera belonging
to this section are: MALLOPHORA Macq., PROMACHUS Loew, ALCI-
MUS Loew, PHILODICUS Loew, CRASPEDIA Macq. (= Blepharotes
Westw.), POLYPHONIUS Loew, APOCLEA Macq., ERAX Macq., ERIS-
TICUS Loew, PROCTACANTHUS Macq. , STENOPROSOPIS Macq. , SYNOL-
cus Loew, DYSCLYTUS Loew, LOPHONOTUS Macq., TRICHONOTUS
Loew, DASOPHRYS Loew, PROTOPHANES Loew, DYSMACHUS Loew,
EUTOLMUS Loew, MACHIMUS Loew, MOCHTHERUS Loew (==• Helta-

24 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

moneura Big.), STILPNOGASTER Loew, EPITBIPTUS Loew, ITAMUS
Loew, TOLMERUS Loew, CERDISTUS Loew, PROAGONISTES Loew,
ASILUS Linn., ECCOPTOPUS Loew, RHADIURGUS Loew, PAMPONERUS
Loew, ANTJPHRISSON Loew, ECHTHISTUS Loew, ANTIPALUS Loew,
PHILODICUS Loew, LECANIA Hacq., ATRACTIA Macq., and OMMA-
TIUS Wied.

Most of the N. A. Asilidce, but by no means all, may be placed
in the genera hitherto established. I give, as far as I am able to
do so under s'ich circumstances, the following list of genera known
to me as occurring on that continent: —

I. Dasypogonina: 1. DASYPOGQN Meig., with several species
which will require the formation of some new genera; 2. MICRO-
STYLUM Macq., 3. DiscocEPHALA Macq., 4. PLESIOMMA Maeq., 5.
STENOPOGON Loew, 6. BATHYPOGON Loeiv, 1. LASTAURUS Loew,
8. EUARMOSTUS Walk., 9. PHENEUS Walk., 10. STICHOPOGON Loew,
11. CERATURGUS Walk., 12. LEPTOGASTER Meig. The X. A. spe-
cies recorded as belonging to DIOCTRIA Meig. are no Dioctrice at
all; at least DIOCTR. OCTOPUNCTATA Say is by no means a true
Dioctria.

II. Laphrina: 13. MEGAPODA Macq., 14. LAPHRIA Meig., 15.
ANDRENOSOMA Rond., 16. LAMPRIA Macq., 17. ATOMOSIA Macq.t
18. LAPHYSTTA Loew.

lll.'Asilina: 19. MALLOPHORA Macq., 20. PfiOMACHUS Loew,
21. ERAX Macq., 22. PROCTACANTHUS Macq., 23. MOCHTHERUS
Loeiv, 24. EPITRIPTUS Loew, 25. OMMATIUS Wied.

FAM. XX. THEREUIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; the two intercalary veins
present ; third longitudinal vein furcate. Antennze with a terminal
style of variable form, sometimes wanting. No empodium. Under
lip fleshy.

The principal genera belonging to this family are: XESTOMYZA
Wied., FARYPHORA Loew, CIONOPHORA Egg., EXAPATA Macq.,
THEREUA Latr., ECTINORHYNCHUS Macq., ANABARHYNCHUS Macq.,
TABUDA Walk., CYCLOTELUS Walk., PHYCUS Walk., and DIMASSUS
Walk.

The N. A. species with which I am acquainted may be conve-
niently placed under the genus THEREUA Latr. In case the genus

BOMBYLIDAE. 25

PsilocepJiala Zett,, which does not appear to be well founded, should
be admitted, some species with naked faces would be located in it.

FAM. XXI. BOMBYLIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; anterior intercalary vein
present almost without exception, the posterior always wanting ;
third joint of the antennae simple; empodium quite rudimentary.

This, again, is a family exceedingly rich in the most varied
forms. A distribution into several tribes would therefore be very
useful ; the two sections hitherto adopted, one of which comprises
the genera grouped round the genus Bombylius, having a long
proboscis, while the second consists of genera more allied to the
genus Anthrax, having a short proboscis, do not appear sufficient
to embrace all the forms which have hitherto been discovered. I
am unable to give a better distribution, and I think it will not be
possible to do so until the number of sections is increased to at
least five or six. The genera of Bombylidce are as follows: BOM-
BYLIUS Linn., EURYCARENUS Loew, TRIPLASIUS Loew, SYSTOZCHUS
Loew, SPARNOPOLIUS Loew, DISCHISTUS Loew (= Bombylisoma
Rond.), PARISUS Walk., CHORISTUS Walk., HETEROSTYLUM Macg.,
LASIOPROSOPA Macq., ADELIDEA Macq., ACREOTRICHUS Macq.,
APATOMYZA Wied., THLIPSOMYZA Meig., AMICTUS Wied., MEGA-
PALPUS Macq., PHTHIRIA Meig., CYCLORHYNCHUS Macq., DASYPAL-
pus Macq., CROCIDIUM Loew, GERON Meig., APOLYSIS Loew, OLI-
GODRANES Loew, MuLio Latr. (= Glossista Rond.), CHALCOCHITON
Loew, CALLOSTOMA Macq., SERICOSOMA Macq., TOXOPIIORA Meig.,
ENICONEURA Macq., LEPIDOPHORA Macq., CORSOMYZA Wied., ECLI-
MUS Loew, SYSTROPUS Wied., DOLICHOMYIA Wied., Usio Latr.,
PLATYPYGUS Loew, CYRTOSIA Perr. , PLEAS Latr., CYLLENiAZortr.,
LAGOCHILUS Loew, ANISOTAMIA Macq., LOMATIA Meig., ONCODO-
CERA Macq., PLESIOCERA Macq., LIGYRA Neivm. , ANTHRAX Scop.,
ARGYROMCEBA Schin., NEURIA Newm., COMPTOSIA Macq., LITO-
RHYNCHUS Macq., SPOGOSTYLUM Macq., ENICA Macq., TOMOMYZA
Wied., ARGYROSPILA Rond., EXOPROSOPA Macq., AUTONIA Loew.

The N. A. Bombylidce which I have seen may be distributed
amongst the following genera: 1. BOMBYLIUS Linn. , 2. SYSTCECHUS
Loew, 3. SPARNOPOLIUS Loew, 4. LEPIDOPHORA Westw., 5. TOXO-
PIIORA Meig., 6. GERON Meig., 7. SYSTROPUS Wied., 8. PLOAS

26 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Latr., 9. ANTHRAX Scop., 10. ARGYROMOZBA Schin., 11. EXOPRO-
SOPA Hacq.

Moreover, Macquart has founded bis genus Oncodocera on a N.
A. species, and described a N. A. species among his Anisotamice,
though it seems to be an alien there. Mr. Walker described some
N. A. species, which he placed under the genera Apatomyza Wied.
and PhtJiiria Meig.

FAM. XXII. SYRPHIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged ; third longitudinal vein sim-
ple ; a spurious longitudinal vein {vena spuria) between the third
and fourth longitudinal veins ; fourth longitudinal vein united at
its end with the third ; no intercalary veins. Hypopygiuni unsym-
metrical ; no empodium.

This is one of the most extensive families and includes about
eighty genera, the enumeration of which seems to be superfluous
here. A distribution into sections, however desirable, proves
exceedingly difficult. To divide the family into genera with an
antennal bristle and genera with a terminal style would be no great
gain, since the number of the latter is very small.

I know the following genera to occur in N. A. : VOLUCELLA
Geoffr., TEMNOCERA St. Farg., MICRODON Meig. (= ApJiritis
Latr.), CERiA^r., SERICOMYIA Meig., TROPIDIA Meig., SYRITTA
St. Farg., XYLOTA Meig., MALLOTA Meig., BRACHIPALPUS Macq.,
MILESIA Latr., SPHECOMYIA Latr., SOMULA Macq., CHRYSOTOXUM
Meig., MlXTEMYIA Macq., MALLOTA Meig., HELOPHILUS Meig.,
ERISTALIS Latr., PLAGIOCERA Macq., OCYPTAMUS Macq ., BACCHA
Fair., SPHEGINA Meig., RHINGIA Fair., ORTHONEURA Macq. (=
Cryptineura Big.), PARAGUS Latr., CHEILOSIA Meig., CflRYSO-
CHLAMYS Bond., DOROS Meig., DIDEA Macq. (= Enica Meig.),
MELITHREPTUS Loew (= Sphserophoria Macq.), MESOGRAMMA
Loeio, SYRPHUS Fair., SCJEVA Fair., PLATYCHEIRUS St. Farg.

It results from the remarks of some authors that species of the
genera: Pipiza Fall., Chrysogaster Meig., EpistropJie Walk., Po-
lydonta Macq., and Merodon Latr. occur with certainty in N. A.

The genus Chymopkila Macq. founded on a N. A. species must
be entirely blotted out from the list of genera. For it is evident
that Bigot is right in stating that the specimen on which it was

MYOPIDAE. 27

founded was a composition of a body of a Microdon with the head
of a Conops. The genus Toxomerus Macq. has not been mentioned
in the above list, it being quite untenable. I judge Dimeraspis
Xewm. to be identical with Microdon. Psarus has been omitted,
because the species described under this name must be placed in
other genera. The statement of Eumerus Meig. occurring in N.
A. is founded merely on an observation of Walker, and therefore
requires further confirmation. Macquart records a 1ST. A. species
of the genus Psilota Meig., but this genus having been misunder-
stood by most authors, I do not venture now to mention it among
those truly represented in N. A.

FAM. XXIII. MYOPIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells large, the third closed, more or less remote
from the posterior border ; all longitudinal veins simple ; no inter-
calary vein. Eyes in both sexes broadly separated ; proboscis, with
few exceptions, much prolonged ; rnaxillse small ; the third joint of
the antennae with an apical style or a thick dorsal bristle. Hypo-
pygiurn symmetrical, turned under the abdomen. Empodiuin
wanting.

Omitting the untenable genera into which the genus Conops has
been subdivided by Rondani and the genus Myopa by Ferris, we
mention here the genera: CONOPS Linn., PLEUROCERINA Macq.,
ZODION Latr., MYOPA Latr. and STACHINIA Macq.

This family has been divided by some authors into two families:
Conopidse and Myopidse, the former containing those genera which
have an apical style on the antennae, the latter being characterized
by a dorsal bristle of the antennae. I cannot approve of this divi-
sion at all, since the difference between a style and a bristle, and
the difference of an apical and a dorsal position, according to all
experience, only furnishes characters of very inferior value for the
systematic arrangement, as we see in the families Stratiomydae,
Bombylidse, Syrphidde, Hybotidse, Dolichopidse, etc., where this
organ is sometimes apical, sometimes dorsal. "We might as well
form two families on account of the proboscis being either straight
or geniculated. But the conspicuity of the difference in the struc-
ture of the antenna? may serve to form two sections in the family,
CONOPINA and MYOPINA, the former of which would contain the
genera Conops and Pleurocerina, the latter the genera Zodion,
Myopa, and Stachynia.

28 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The N. A. species which I know belong to the genera: 1. Co-
NOPS Linn., 2. ZODION Latr., 3. MYOPAZafr-., 4. STACHYNIA Macq.

FAM. XXTV. PIPUNCULIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells much prolonged, the hindmost closed near the
border of the wing ; third longitudinal vein simple, the fourth
sometimes almost entirely wanting, sometimes furcate when perfect ;
no intercalary vein. Head almost entirely occupied by the eyes,
front and face exceedingly narrow ; antennae with a basal bristle.
Hypopygium unsymrnetrical. Tibiae without spurs ; empodiuni
wanting.

This family only comprises the three genera: NEUROPHOCERUS
Zett., PIPUNCULUS Lair, and CHALARUS Walk.

The N. A. species known to me belong all to the genus
PIPUNCULUS Latr.

FAM. XXV. SCENOPINIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells very large ; the third closed rather far from
the border of the wing; third longitudinal vein furcate ; no inter-
calary vein ; third joint of the antennae without style or bristle.
No empodium.

This family possesses so many peculiarities that it is very difficult
to find a fit place for it among the other families, though it ex-
hibits much affinity with some of them. I would especially point
out the Bornbylidce as deserving a closer comparison in order to
investigate their true relationship. At present it seems best to
follow those authors who have considered the genus SCENOPINUS
as the type of a separate family.

Some species of SCENOPINUS occur in X. A.

FAM. XXVI. PLATYPEZIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells rather large, the hindmost always ending
acutely, at more or less distance from the border of the wing ; third
longitudinal vein simple ; no intercalary vein. Antennae with an
apical bristle. Hypopygium symmetrically turned under the abdo-
men. Middle tibiae with spurs ; empodium wanting.

The genera which belong to this family are : PLATYPEZA Meig.,
CALLOMYIA Meig., OPETIA Meig., and PLATYCNEMA Zett.

LONCHOPTERIDAE — HYBOTIDAE. 29

I know only one species of PLATYCNEMA, one species of CALLO-
MYIA, and two species of PLATYPEZA occurring in N. A.

FAM. XXVII. LONCHOPTERIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells of moderate size, of nearly equal length ; fourth
longitudinal vein furcate and united with the fifth near the base.
Antennae with an apical bristle. Empodium wanting.

This family is also founded on a single genus which cannot be
placed in any other family. Though in LONCHOPTERA the basal
cells are by no means large, yet their structure and the great deve-
lopment of the sixth longitudinal vein seems to prove that this
family should be reunited with one of those already mentioned.
However, by the form of its neuration and its anal parts it differs
so widely from them, that it is very difficult to state in what their
affinity consists. Mr. Walker has lately added the genus CADREMA
to the family of Lonchopteridce.

LONCHOPTERA is found in N. A .

FAM. XXVIII. HYBOTIDAE.

Charact. — Three basal cells complete, rather large, the third only a little
shorter than the second ; posterior transverse vein of the base
generally running perpendicularly or at a somewhat acute angle
into the sixth longitudinal vein, and thus not being parallel to the
posterior border of the wing ; third longitudinal vein frequently
furcate ; anterior intercalary vein often wanting, posterior never
present. First joint of the antennae not much shortened, the third
more frequently with a bristle than with a style, the bristle some-
times dorsal instead of being apical. Empodium membranaceous
and linear.

The three families : Hybotidse, Empidse and Tachydromidse run
into each other so insensibly, that it is very difficult to indicate
sharp limits between them. If we select this or that character as
being of greater importance, we shall always obtain a different result
as to these limits. I maintain the family Hybotidse only with the
view of falling in with the usual arrangement, since I am fully
satisfied that there is no sharp limit to be drawn between it and
that of the Empidse. For neither the more convex thorax, nor
the horizontal direction of the proboscis, nor the form and position
of the palpi, nor the simplicity or furcation of the third longitudi-

30 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

nal vein, nor the presence or absence of the anterior intercalary
vein are characters, on which — whether we use them singly or in
any combination — we can found a satisfactory or sharp defini-
tion of both families. The resemblance of some Hybotidse with
some Bombylidse cannot be denied, but their place will never be
doubtful if we consider, that in the Bombylidse the third basal cell
is open or only closed near the border of the wing, while in all
Hybotidae it always remains remote from that border. To the
family Hybotidse may be referred : BRACHYSTOMA Meig., HYBOS
Fabr., SYNECHES Hal. (= Pterospilus Rond. = Harpamerus
Big.), SYNDYAS Loeiv, STENOPROCTUS Loew, ACARTERUS Loeiv,
MEGHYPERUS Loew, OEDALEA Meig., EUTHYNEURA Macq. (= An-
thalia Zett.), OCYDROMIA Meig., TRICHOPEZA Rond. on account of
of its near relation with Brachystoma and LEPTOPEZA Macq. on
account of its resemblance with Oeydromia, The two last genera
might as well be placed among the Empidse, since they agree with
them in having the posterior basal transverse vein parallel to the
border of the wing.

The 1ST. A. species which I possess belong to the following
genera: BRACHYSTOMA Meig., HYBOS Fabr., SYNECHES Walk.,
SYNDYAS Loew, and LEPTOPEZA Macq. Mr. Walker also describes
a species which he believes to belong to the genus OCYDROMIA Meig.

FAM. XXIX. EMPIDAB.

Charact. — Three basal cells complete, rather large, the third shorter than
the second ; posterior basal transverse vein parallel to the border of
the wing ; third longitudinal vein frequently furcate ; anterior in-
tercalary vein present, the posterior wanting. First joint of the
antennae not much shortened, third joint with an apical bristle
sometimes resembling a style. Empodium membranaceous and of
a linear form.

The genera belonging to this family are : EMPIS Meig., PACHY-
MERIA Macq., ERIOGASTER Macq. , APLOMERA Macq., RHAMPHO-
MYIA Meig., HILARA Meig., RAGAS Walk., GLOMA Meig., MICRO-
PHORUS Macq., HORMOPEZA Zett., ITEAPHILA Zett., MICROSANIA Zett. ,
and CYRTOMA Meig.

The X. A. species known to me belong to the genera : EMPIS
Meig., PACHYMERIA Macq., RHAMPHOMYIA Meig., HILARA Meig.,

TACHYDROMID AE. 3 1

and CYRTOMA Meig. Mr. Walker records a N". A. species belong-
ing to the genus GLOMA Meig.

FAM. XXX. TACHYDROMIDAE.

Charact. — The hindmost basal cell not always present, the second basal
cell sometimes coalescent with the discal cell ; when present they
are of a tolerable size, but the hindmost is always remote from the
border of the wing ; third longitudinal vein sometimes furcate ; an-
terior intercalary vein sometimes present, the posterior never. First
joint of the antennse very much shortened so that the antenna may
easily be taken for biarticulate. Empodium membranaceous and
of a linear form.

To this family belong the genera: HEMERODROMIA Meig. with
CHYROMANTIS Rond. and MANTIPEZA Rond., PHYLLODROMIA Zett.,
TACHYDROMIA Fabr., DRYODROMIA Rond., ELAPHROPEZA Macq.,
PLATYPALPUS Macq., PHOROXYPHA Rond., SCTODROMIA Hal. ( —
Microcera Zett.), ARDOPTERA Macq. (= Leptosceles Hal.), CLINO-
CERA Meig., with which HELEODROMIA Hal. (= Paramesia Macq.,)
and WIEDEMANNIA Zett. may be properly reunited.

As genera occurring in N. A. I enumerate : HEMERODROMIA
Meig., TACHYDROMIA Fabr., PLATYPALPUS Macq., ARDOPTERA
Macq., and CLINOCERA Meig. If we may trust Mr. Walker's
statement, the genus DRAPETIS Meig. also occurs in N. A.

Observation. — With the Tachydromidse ends the series of those
families of Brachycera which in the greater development of their
basal cells differ from the following, and, with the exception of the
Lonchopteridse, form a rather natural series, if a linear arrangement
may be spoken of as a natural one. The peculiarities, which also
characterize this series of families, and any of which, combined
with that just mentioned, suffice to place a family under this head,
are the following: 1. the third joint of the antennas is composed
of a number of joints more or less soldered together ; 2. the third
longitudinal vein is furcate ; 3. one intercalary vein or both are
present; 4. the empodiurn is considerably developed. These pecu-
liarities characterizing the whole series of families hitherto spoken
of are much lessened in the Hybotidse and Empidse, and still more
so in the Tachydromidse. Tseniaptera, Dacus and other genera
with the third basal cell more developed, are placed by most of
the authors lower down in the series of families which follow. In

32 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

order to retain the accustomed arrangement as much as possible,
I shall leave them in their usual places, though it would seem, that
a more natural arrangement might be obtained, were they added
to the above families which have the basal cells prolonged.

FAM. XXXI. DOLICHOPODIDAE.

Charact. — First basal cell rather short, the second united with the discal
cell, the third small ; auxiliary vein running in the first longitudi-
nal vein ; third longitudinal vein simple, the fourth sometimes fur-
cate ; no intercalary vein. Hypopygium symmetrical, bent under
the abdomen. Empodium small, membranaceous, of a linear form.

The principal genera are: PSILOPUS Meig., SYBISTROMA Meig ,
HYPOPHYLLUS Hal,, HERCOSTOMUS Loew, HYGROCELEUTHUS Loeiv,

DOLICHOPUS Jfe^.,TACHYTRECHUS Stann., ORTHOCHILEZo^., GYM-

NOPTERNTJS Loew, LYRONEURUS Loew, PLAGIONEURUS Loew, LIAN-
CALUS Hal., SCELLTJS Loew, HYDROPHORUS Fall, CAMPSICNEMUS
Hal, THINOPHILUS Wahlb., PEODES Loew, ACHALCUS Hal., SYS-
TENTJS Loew, SYNTORMON Loew, SYNARTHRUS Loew, PORPHYROPS
Meig., RHAPHIUM Meig., XIPHANDRIUM Hal., HALTERICERUS
Rond., SMILIOTTJS Loew (= Machserium Hal.), ARGYRA Macq.,
LEUCOSTOLA Hal., NEMATOPROCTUS Loeiv, SAUCROPUS Loew, XAN-
THOCHLORUS Loew, SYMPYCNUS Loew, TEUCHOPHORUS Loew, ANEP-
sius Loew, EUTARSUS Hal, DIAPHORUS Meig., CHRYSOTUS Meig.,
CHRYSOTIMUS Hal, MEDETERTJS Fisch., APHROSYLUS Hal

The 1ST. A. genera which I am acquainted with are : PSILOPUS
Meig., HYGROCELEUTHUS Loew, DOLICHOPUS Meig., TACHYTRECHUS
Sfann., GYMNOPTERNUS Loeiv, PLAGIONEURUS Loew, LIANCALUS
Hal., SCELLUS Loeiv, CAMPSICNEMUS Hal., SYNARTHRUS Loew,
PORPHYROPS Meig., ARGYRA Macq., LEUCOSTOLA Hal, SAUCROPUS
Loew, XANTHOCHLORUS Loew, DIAPHORUS Meig., LYRONEURUS
Loew, CHRYSOTUS Meig. , and MEDETERUS Fisch.

FAM. XXXII. OESTRIDAE.

Charact. — Antenna inserted in rounded pits ; the middle part of the face
exceedingly narrow ; the opening of the mouth very small ; the oral
organs rudimentary. Tegulfe large.

This family has often been considered as very distant from the fol-
lowing, but the late discoveries have brought to light forms which

DEXIDAE. 33

are more nearly related to them. The following genera may be
taken for those which constitute the family: TRYPODERMA Wied.
(= Cuterelra Clark), CEPHALOMYIA Latr., CEPHENEMYIA Latr.,
HYPODERMA Clark, GASTRUS Meiy., AULACEPHALA Macg. and
CTENOSTYLUM Macq. A thorough limitation of these genera is
still wanted, and the name of Oestrus, instead of being dropped, as
we see it done by some authors, may perhaps be again restored to
its former rank.

I have seen N. A. species of the genus TRYPODERMA, and others
of the genera CEPHALOMYIA and GASTRUS, introduced in America
from Europe. There is no doubt that species of HYPODERMA
occur there also.

FAM. XXXIII. DEXIDAE.

Charact. — Bristle of the antennae hairy or pectinated. Thorax short.
First posterior cell of the wing slightly opened, sometimes closed.
Tegulae large. Legs long.

The family Dexidse agrees with the Tachinidee, Sarcophagidse,
Muscidse, and Anthomyidse, in having the tegulse larger than any
of the following families of the Brachycera. These five families
have been therefore united under the name of Muscarise calyptratse,
and contrasted with the following, called Muscarise acalyptratse.
There is no possibility, it seems, to discover any other constant
character ; that which appears the most serviceable was pointed
out to me by Mr. Haliday; it is the transverse suture of the
thorax being usually of the same depth on its whole extent in
the Muscarise calyptratse, whereas in the Muscarise acalyptratse it
is generally distinct at each side and imperceptible on the middle
of the thorax. But as some families among the so-called Musca-
rise acalyptratse have the tegul«3 so well developed as to resemble
those of many Anthomyidx, a high importance cannot be attached
to that subdivision. Should it be maintained, the Oestridse ought
to be placed among the Muscarise calyptratse.

The four families : Dexidse, Tacldnidse, Sarcophagidse, and Mus-
cidse, agree in the first posterior cell being very much narrowed or
closed at the end, and differ in this from the family Anthomyidse.
The former have, for this reason, been comprised under the
common name of Creophilse, in opposition to the latter, which
3

34 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

received the name of Anthophilse. The differences in the organi-
zation of the Muscarise calyptratse are much smaller than those of
any two families among the first series of Diptera brachycera,
which ends with the Tachydromidse, with the sole exception of the
group formed by the Hybotidae, Empidse, and Tachydromidse, in
which a similar relationship exists. Consequently the families in
question here owe their existence much more to the immense
number of species and genera than to a real necessity, based on
differences of structural characters. Hence it is much more diffi-
cult to define their limits, and one must already be well acquainted
with a great number of forms, in order to attempt to point out with
certainty the right place for new ones. In the limitation of these
families I have made use of what has been said about them in
Walker's British Diptera; for however insufficient I may find it, I
know of nothing better to be pnt in its place.

In the family of Dexidse a number of genera have been already
formed; as they still require considerable sifting and a much
sharper limitation than they have at present, it seems useless to
enumerate them here.

The N. A. Dexidse known to me cannot all be placed in the
genera hitherto erected. The species about whose position there
is no doubt belong to the genera: PROSENA St. Farg., MICROPH-
THALMA Macg., DINERA Rob. Desv., and ESTHERIA Rob. Desv.
There is also no doubt about TRICHODURA Macq. and MEGAPROSO-
PUS Macq. occurring in N. A.

FAM. XXXIV. TACHINIDAE.

Charact. — Bristle of the antennae bare or with a very short pubescence.
Thorax short. First posterior cell closed or only slightly opened.
Legs short.

The immense extent of this family renders the formation of sec-
tions indispensable. It is best divided into four sections, which
might perhaps be raised into families. The two first of them are
the Tachinina and Ocypterina, both of which differ from the two last
by their abdomen being beset with long bristles. All TACHININA
have an oval abdomen, or when it is nearly cylindrical, its first
segment is much shortened. The abdomen of the OCYPTERINA is
always of a slender cylindrical form, and its first segment elongated.

SARCOPHAGIDAE — MUSCIDAE. 35

V

The third section, the GYMNOSOMINA, has a broad front ?nd a
vaulted abdomen. The fourth is that of the PHASINA, having a
very narrow front and a flat abdomen.

My knowledge of the N. A. Tachinidae is a very incomplete one.
I know, however, the following genera: I. Tachinina: 1. DEJEANIA
Hob. Desv., 2. ECHINOMYIA Meig., 3. JURINEA Rob. Desv., 4.
HYSTRICIA Macq., 5. MICROPALPUS Macq., 6. GONIA Meig., 7.
NEMOR-ffiA Rob. Desv., 8. BLSPHARIPEZA Macq., 9. BELVOISIA Rob.
Desv., 10. TACHINA Meig., 11. CHRYSOSOMA Macq., 12. METOPIA
Meig., 13. MILTOGRAMMA Meig., 14. ILLIGERA Rob. Desv., 15.
MASICERA Macq. II. Ocypterina: 16. OCYPTERA Lair. III. Gym-
nosomina: 17. GYMNOSOMA Fall. IV. Phasina: IS. PKASIA. Latr.
19. HYALOMYIA Macq., 20. TRICHOPODA Latr.

FAM. XXXY. SARCOPHAGIDAE.

Charact. — Bristle of the antennae plumose or hairy, with the apex bare.
First posterior cell only slightly opened or else closed. Tegulffi
large. Legs stout.

All the N". A. species I have seen belong to the genera : SARCO-
PHAGA Meig., PHRYSSOPODA Rob. Desv., and CYNOMYIA Meig.

FAM. XXXVI. MUSCIDAE.

Charact. — Bristle of the antennse entirely plumose or pectinated. Body
never slender; thorax short. First posterior cell only slightly
opened or else closed at the border of the wing. Tegulae large.
Legs stout.

This family contains two sections : the MUSCINA with plumose
antennae, and the STOMOXYNA with pectinated antenna.

The N. A. species which I have examined belong to the genera:
MUSCA Linn., POLLENIA Rob. Desv., CYRTONEURA Macq., PYREL-
LIA Rob. Desv., LUCILIA Rob. Desv., CALLIPHORA Macq., and
STOMOXYS Geoffr. The number of species which N. A. has in
common with Europe is exceedingly striking in this particular
family.

36 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. XXXVII. ANTHOMYIDAE.

Charact. — Thorax with a complete transverse suture. Fourth longitudi-
nal vein straight or nearly so, hence first posterior cell fully open.
Tegulse rather well developed, though in many cases of no large
size.

The riches of the N. A. Fauna in this family have been very
little explored. I know species of the following genera only :
ANTHOMYIA Meig., HOMALOMYIA Bouch., HYLEMYIA Macq., ARI-
CIA Rob. Desv., LISPE Lair., and CCENOSIA Meig. The notices of
Mr. Walker about the occurrence of some species of Eriphia and
of one Dialyta appear to me very uncertain.

FAM. XXXVIII. CORDYLTJRIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings complete ; both posterior basal cells of
considerable size ; auxiliary vein well separated from the first lon-
gitudinal vein ; first longitudinal vein bare. Whole lateral border
of the front bristly; anterior border of the mouth with strong,
usually numerous vibrissae. Tibise with spurs.

With the CordyluridaB we begin that division of Diptera which
is called acalyptratse, and the systematical arrangement of which
is still and will be an unsolved problem, till their structure has
been much more thoroughly studied than has been hitherto the
case. In the present state of our knowledge their subdivision into
a greater number of families seems to be the most advisable course
to pursue.

As for their exterior, the Cordyluridse mostly approach to the
Anthomyidve, and namely to the species of the genus Coenosia, but
the smaller size of their tegulas and the less incomplete develop-
ment of the transverse suture on their thorax serve to distinguish
them. On the other side they are closely allied to the Helomyzidse,
in which, however, the front bears bristles on its upper half only,
the two posterior basal cells are smaller, and the costa of the wings
is always bristly.

N. A. possesses species of CORDYLURA, some of them very inter-
esting, and a number of SCATOPHAG^E among which several coin-
cide with European species.

HELOMYZIDAE — SCTOMYZIDAE. 37

FAM. XXXIX. HELOMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings complete ; costa bristly; first longitudi-
nal vein not abbreviated, but bare ; the auxiliary vein is often
rather approximated to it. Front bristly on its upper half only ; a
stout bristle at each side of the anterior border of the mouth. All
the tibiae with spurs and outwards before their tips with a more or
less developed erect bristle.

The close relation of the Helomyzidse to the Gordyluridse in-
duces me to assign them a place here, although the consideration
of the smaller size of their two posterior basal cells would remove
them to a more distant place, in the neighborhood of the Geomy-
zidse and Heteroneuridse. In fact both families are related to
the Helomyzidse. ; but they differ from them by their having the
first longitudinal vein abbreviated and the auxiliary vein lying
close by it, and besides the Heteroneuridse have the peculiarity of
the costa of the wings being without bristles.

The known N. A. species belong to the genera HELOMYZA and
SCIKENOMYZA. Some of them are likewise identical with European
species. ,

FAM. XL. SCIOMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings complete ; two posterior basal cells of
rather considerable size ; auxiliary vein well separated from the
first longitudinal vein. On the lateral border of the front before the
vertical bristles there are two bristles, one behind the other ; face
proportionately long without distinct furrows for the antennae; bor-
der of the mouth sharp, without vibrissje. Middle tibiae with a
greater number of bristles at the tip ; all the tibiae on the outside
before the tip with a small upright bristle.

I know N. A. species that belong to the genera SEPEDON, TETA-
NOCERA, and SCIOMYZA. Some of them are most nearly related to
European species, others seem altogether identical with them. If
we place, and we may well justify our doing so, the genus DRYO-
MYZA among the Sciomyzidse, it must also be named as a genus
represented in N. A. ; one of the two species of this genus occur-
ring there does not seem to differ from the European Dryomyza
anilis Fall. The genus ACTORA Meig., which agrees with the
Sciomyzidse in many characters, may be referred to them without
any great difficulty; but on account of its deviation in the struc-

38 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ture of the face, the character of the family would have then to be
slightly altered. Mr. Walker has described a N. A. species which
he contends to belong to ACTORA.

FAM. XLI. PSILIDAE.

Char act. — Body elongated, with short hairs and almost without bristles.
Neuration of the wings complete ; the auxiliary vein lies close by
the first longitudinal vein, but diverges from it at its end and runs
towards the border of the wing ; by a transverse fold most charac-
teristic ill this family running from the tip of the auxiliary vein as
far as the base of the third posterior cell, the outward end of the
auxiliary vein is obliterated ; the posterior basal cells are very
large. Front with only a few bristles in the neighborhood of the
crown ; face receding ; opening of the mouth small and with no
bristles at its border. Only the middle tibiae have spurs, and all
the tibia? are without erect bristle on the outside.

This family is represented in N". A. by the genera LOXOCERA,
PSILA, and CHYLIZA. The N. A. species, which induced Mr.
Walker to form a new genus Prochyliza, placed by him close by
CJiyliza, belongs to some other family.

FAM. XLII. MICROPEZIDAE.

Charact. — Body slender, elongated, with very short hairs and very scarce
bristles. Legs proportionately short ; only the middle tibiaa have
spurs, these being generally very small and weak ; no small erect
bristle on the exterior side of the tibise. Neuration of the wings
complete ; first longitudinal vein bare ; the auxiliary vein is very
close by it and diverges from it towards its end only ; the two
posterior basal cells are very large. Front with some bristles in the
neighborhood of the crown only ; bordering of the mouth without
vibrissse. Last segment of the abdomen of the female prolonged
into a blunt, cylindrical tube.

The family Micropezidse comprises genera which differ among
each other, both in the form of the head and the structure of the
antennas and oral parts. The head is sometimes rounded, some-
times more elongated ; the bristle of the antennas is generally dorsal,
but in some genera apical ; the clypeus sometimes very much de-
veloped, sometimes only rudimentary; the palpi sometimes large,
sometimes small, but never rudimentary. The clypeus being very
much developed and the proboscis very much thickened in the

ORTALIDAE. 39

Tseniaptera Macq. , this family approaches so much to the
Ortalidse, that the bareness of the first longitudinal vein, the
difference in the structure of the female ovipositor, and the corre-
sponding difference in the structure of the male appendages, must
be considered as the chief characters, which distinguish it from
them. The Sepsidee, too, are rather nearly related to the Micro-
pezidse, but are distinguished from them not only by the structure
of the female ovipositor, but also by their palpi being always rudi-
mentary.

The N. A. species I know of are: one true CALOBATA, nume-
rous T^NIAPTER^E, and two MICROPEZ^E. Whether the N. A.
species which Mr. R. Desvoidy refers to the genus NERIUS, really
belong to it, appears to me most doubtful, as they seem to be
Tceniapterce all together. The genus LISSA Meig. occurring like-
wise in N. A., in most characters agrees with the Micropezidte, and
may provisionally be placed among them, till a more convenient
place in the system will be pointed out for it. The genus EUME-
TOPIA erected by Mr. Macquart on a N. A. species, is also related
to the latter, and may likewise obtain here a provisional place.
Both these genera differ from the great bulk of the Micropezidce
by having the legs less slender, the tarsi less abbreviated, and the
last segment of the abdomen not prolonged so as to form a cylin-
drical tube.

FAM. XLIII. ORTALIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings complete ; auxiliary vein separated from
the first longitudinal vein and running to the border of the wing
in tlie usual way, under an acute angle and remaining perfectly
distinct in its whole length ; third longitudinal vein generally
with coarse hairs ; two posterior basal cells large, and the outward
one frequently prolonged in an acute angle. Front with bristles on
the upper part only ; no vibrissse at the border of the mouth ;
clypeus commonly very much developed, and proboscis often very
much thickened. Middle tibire alone with spurs ; no tibise with
an erect bristle on the exterior side before the tip. Ovipositor of the
female rather flattened and horny, consisting of three elongated
segments, forming three drawers like those of a telescope, and end-
ing in a simple point.

The family of Ortalidce is exceedingly rich in variously shaped
organizations, which caused a considerable increase of genera in

40 D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

it. Unfortunately most of them are founded on characters so va-
riable that they are of very little use, and it seems best to retain
the old ample genera. We feel the more compelled to do so, as
many species existing in N. A. cannot be referred to any of the
modern genera.

The whole of the Ortalidce may conveniently be divided into
two sections : the first, which may be named TETANOPINA, has the
front more prominent, the face receding, the opening of the mouth
rather small, the clypeus less developed, and the proboscis less
thick ; in the second, the ORTALINA, the front is not prominent,
the clypeus very much developed, the opening of the mouth much
wider, and the proboscis much thicker.

The N. A. Fauna possesses in PYRGOTA a genus of the first sec-
tion, particularly striking, and even somewhat deviating. Among
the other N. A. Ortalidce known to me there is only one species
belonging to CEPHALIA, whereas all the rest belong to the genus
ORTALIS, if we take it, as Meigen did, in a wider sense, and are
distributed especially among the genera Geroxys, Ortalis, Rivellia
and Delphinia, of modern authors.

FAM. XLIY. TRYPETIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration complete ; the end of the auxiliary vein runs steeply
to the border of the wing and becomes obsolete ; first longitudinal
vein always with bristles, the third frequently, the fifth sometimes ;
two posterior basal cells rather large, the hindmost is often prolonged
to a point. Front on each side with two rows of bristles, one of
which is more above and interiorly, the other below and exteriorly.
Border of the mouth with no vibrissse. Clypeus none or rudimen-
tary. Proboscis never incrassated. Only the middle tibiae with
spurs ; all tibiae without erect bristle on the outer side before the
tip. Ovipositor horny, consisting of three elongated retractile
segments like the drawers of a telescope, the last of which ends in
a simple point.

They are divided into two sections, DACTNA and TRYPETINA.
In the former the female abdomen, before the ovipositor, has ap-
parently only four segments, the fifth segment being diminutive
and entirely concealed under the fifth ; in the Trypetina the five
segments are all equally developed.

As the Dacina, 'represented in Europe only by Dacus Olece,

LONCHAEIDAE — SAPROMYZIDAE. 41

which lives on the olive-tree, and Petalopliora capitata, exclusively
dependent on the lemon-tree, are in all respects strangers in the
European Fauna, so they appear to be no natives of N. A.; no
species of this division has hitherto been noticed there. The Try.
petina, on the contrary, are represented there by numerous, partly
very handsome species, all belonging to the genus TRYPETA in
Meigen's and Wiedemann's sense.

FAM. XLV. LONCHAEIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration complete ; the auxiliary vein runs to the border of
the wing in the usual way, under an acute angle and without be-
coming obsolete, and is very near to the first longitudinal vein ;
this vein is bare ; the two posterior basal cells are small. Front at
each side with a single row of bristles ; border of the mouth with-
out vibrissse ; clypeus rudimentary. Middle tibiae with spurs ; all
tibiae without erect bristle on the exterior side before the tip. The
ovipositor of the female consists of three joints and is rather horny,
quite flattened, and ends in a simple point.

They are divided 'into the PALLOPTERINA having more slender
legs and a broader front, and the LONCH^INA with stouter legs
and a more narrow front.

There is only one species in N. A., that I know of, belonging
to the genus PALLOPTERA : of the second division I have several
species of LONCH^EA, a part of which seem to be identical with
European species.

FAM. XLVI. SAPROMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration complete ; auxiliary vein of the usual structure, fre-
quently very much approximated to the first longitudinal vein ;
costa of the wings without bristles or marginal spine ; longitudinal
veins without peculiar hairs ; posterior basal cells small. Front
with a single row of bristles on each side ; no vibrissse on the border
of the mouth ; clypeus rather rudimentary. Only the middle tibiae
have terminal spurs ; all tibiae with a small erect bristle on the
exterior side before the end. Ovipositor of the female not horny.

IS". A. has numerous species of the genera SAPROMYZA and
LAUXANJA, and a few species belonging to PACHYCERINA Jlfacq.,
a genus detached from Lauxania.

42 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. XLVII. PHYCODROMIDAE.

Charact. — Thorax, scutellum and abdomen flat ; pleura excised above the
coxae. Front bristly ; border of the mouth hairy, with no distinct
vibrissae. Legs stout, tibiae with spurs and each with an erect hair
or small bristle on the outside before the tip ; the first joint of the
posterior tarsi not abbreviated ; last joint of all tarsi enlarged, with
stout claws and long pulvilli. Neuration of the wings complete ;
auxiliary vein distinct in its whole length ; costa without bristles ;
basal cells not small.

A certain resemblance with the Borboridce can by no means be
overlooked; however, the Phycodromidee are readily distinguished
by the completeness of the auxiliary vein, the absence of the vibrissse
so remarkable in those, by the first joint of the posterior tarsi not
being abbreviated, and by the increased size of the last joint of all
tarsi. They appear to have more true relation to the Helomyzida,
but from these too they are sufficiently distinguished by the costa
of the wings having no bristles and the border of the mouth having
close hairs, but no real vibrissoe.

Of this family I have seen only one COZLOPA captured in N. A.
It was remarkable by the exceedingly strong spines of its legs.

FAM. XLYIII. HETEROXEURIDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings complete, but the first longitudinal vein
rather short, and the auxiliary vein very much approximated to it ;
costa without bristles ; basal cells small. Front with long bristles ;
border of the mouth with a vibrissa at each side ; clypeus not deve-
loped ; palpi broad and proportionately large. Legs, and especially
the tarsi, slender ; middle and posterior tarsi with spurs ; all the
tibiae without erect bristle on the exterior side before the tips ; claws
and pulvilli very small.

I know five N. A. species of this family, four of which belong to
the genus HETERONEURA Meig. ; the fifth cannot be conveniently
placed in any of the genera as yet established.

OPOMYZIDAE — SEPSIDAE. 43

FAM. XLIX. OPOMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Front with stout bristles above ; clypeus rudimentary ; border
of the mouth either pubescent or with long hairs, the foremost of
which sometimes forms a distinct vibrissa. Proboscis short ; palpi
rather small. Middle tibiae with a distinct, posterior tibias with a
very short spur ; the exterior side of the tibiae without erect small
bristle before the tip ; claws and pulvilli small. Wings elongated
and narrow, with no bristles at the costa; the axillary incision and
alulae are either wanting or very diminutive. First longitudinal
vein much abbreviated ; the auxiliary vein becomes obsolete before
reaching completely the first longitudinal vein ; the latter emits,
shortly before its end, towards the costa, a branch, which may be
considered as the end of the auxiliary vein ; basal cells small.

No species belonging to this family has as yet been noticed in
X. A.

FAM. L. SEPSIDAE.

Charact. — Head rounded ; front bristly; border of the mouth more or less
hairy, the foremost hair often imitating a vibrissa ; clypeus rudi-
mentary ; proboscis short ; palpi exceedingly small or wanting.
Abdomen tapering towards the base. Middle tibiae with distinct
spurs ; claws and pulvilli small. Neuration of the wings complete;
the auxiliary vein distinctly separated from the first longitudinal
vein ; the two posterior basal cells rather large.

The most essential character of this family is the rudimentary
condition of the palpi. With this exception its characters are
rather similar to those of the Micropezidce. The genus Cephalia
approaches very much the Sepsidce in structure, but its incrassated
proboscis, its large and broad palpi, and its considerably developed
clypeus prevent it from being reunited with them ; it must, there-
fore, remain among the Ortalidce.

The species of Sepsidce occurring in N. A. belong to the genera
NEMOPODA and SEPSIS, and are, in part, identical with European
species.

44 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM. LI. DIOPSFDAE.

Charact. — Neuration of the wings incomplete from the absence of the
foremost of the two small basal cells ; the auxiliary vein very much
approximated to the first longitudinal vein. Head prolonged in
two lateral apophyses bearing the eyes ; front bristly only on the
upper part ; border of the rnouth with no vibrissse. Anterior femora
incrassated.

One species, or — if the second one, described by Dr. A. Fitch,
shpuld really prove different — two species of the genus SPHYRACE-
PHALA Say have hitherto been found in N. A.

FAM. LIT. PIOPHILIDAE.

Charact. — The auxiliary vein, on its whole length, is coalescent with the
first longitudinal vein ; with this exception the neuration of the
wings is complete. Front with some small bristles above only ; bor-
der of the mouth with a vibrissa on each side ; clypeus rudimentary;
legs rather stoat, almost of the structure of those of the Sciomyzidce ;
middle tibiae with spurs ; all the tibiae without erect bristle on the
exterior side before the tip.

The three N. A. species of PIOPHILA which I have seen are quite
identical with European ones; a fourth differs so much from all the
known PiopMlce in the form of the head and the structure of the
antennas, that it must be considered as the type of a new genus.
It seems to be the same species on which Mr. Walker has founded
his genus PROCHYLIZA; if that be really so, he would, by assigning
it a place immediately by Chyliza, have shown that he had been
fully mistaken about its true relation.

FAM. LIII. EPHYDRINIDAE.

Charact. — Face convex, with no distinct furrows for the reception of the
antennae and without vibrissae, though frequently beset with hairs or
bristles ; clypeus very much developed ; opening of the mouth large ;
proboscis incrassated with a swollen chin. Neuration of the wings
incomplete ; the auxiliary vein distinct only at its base ; the fore-
most of the two small basal cells reunited with the discal cell.
Middle tibiae with spurs.

They are divided into three sections : Notiphilina, Hydrellina,
and Ephydrina. The Notiphilina are characterized by the second

GEOMYZIDAE — DROSOPHILIDAE. 45

joint of the antennse being nnguiculate. The Hydrellina and
Epliydrina, in which that joint is not unguiculatecl, differ from
each other by the former having the eyes hairy and the latter
bare.

The N. A. species hitherto recorded have been so badly charac-
terized that there is no possibility to decide to which section, and
of course far less to which genus they belong. The species which
I am acquainted with and have described in the following pages,
are distributed among the three above named sections as follows:

1. Notiphilina: 1. DICH^ETA Meig. with two European species;

2. NOTIPHILA Fall, five species ; 3. PARALIMNA Loew, one species ;
4. PSILOPA Fall, five species ; 5. DISCOCERINA Macq. five species.
II. Hydrellina: 6. HYDRELLTA Desv. six species; 7. PHILYGRIA
Stenh. three species. III. Ephydrina: 8. OCHTHERA Latr. four
species, one of which is identical with a European species; 9.
BRACHYDEUTERA Loew, one species ; 10. PARYDRA Stenh. two
species; 11. EPHYDRA Fall, one species; 12. SCATELLA Desv.
three species, one of which cannot be positively distinguished as
yet from a European species.

FAM. LIV. GEOMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Front with stout bristles above ; border of the mouth with vi-
brissae. Clypeus rudimentary. Middle tibiae with spurs ; all the
tibiae with a small erect hair on the exterior side before the tip.
Wings with bristles on the costa ; first longitudinal vein exceed-
ingly .abbreviated, and the auxiliary vein so approximated to it
that it is distinctly separated from it only towards the base ; the
two posterior basal cells very small.

I know only one species of this family indigenous in N. A. and
belonging to the genus DIASTATA. Mr. Walker records an insect
which he believes to be likewise a Diastata.

FAM. LV. DROSOPHILIDAE.

Charact. — Front with bristles above ; face with distinct sub-antennal fur-
rows ; at the border of the mouth there is a feeble, frequently rather
indistinct small vibrissa. Middle tibiae with very feeble spurs ; on
the exterior side of the tibiae there is either a very small or no erect
bristle before the tip. Wings without bristles on the costa; the

46 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

first longitudinal vein is exceedingly abbreviated ; of the auxiliary
vein there is only a rudiment ; the discal cell is usually, but not in
all genera, united with the foremost of the two small basal cells.
Claws and pulvilli very small.

Numerous species of DROSOPHILA are found in N. A., some of
which are perfectly identical with European species, and one STE-
GANA, the difference of which from the European Stegana hypolenca
is at least liable to doubt.

FAM. LYI. OSCINIDAE.

Charact. — Front without bristles, the crown having only a few short ones ;
border of the mouth without vibrissse, which, however, are repre-
sented sometimes by a small hair on each side. Middle tibise with
small spurs ; all the tibije without erect bristle on the exterior side
before the tip. Costa of the wings without bristles. The auxiliary
vein is completely wanting ; the anterior of the two small basal
cells is united with the discal cell, the posterior one is totally
wanting.

The N. A. species of this family known to me are distributed
among the genera CHLOROPS, CRASSISETA, SIPHONELLA, MEROMYZA,
and OSCINIS. The species described by Wiedemann under the
name of Homalura plumbella likewise belongs to the genus Sipho-
nella. Macquart has established a genus, ECTECEPHALA, on a
N. A. species, and he says it is nearly related to Platycephala and
Eurina; if that is really the case, it must also be recorded here.

FAM. LVII. AGROMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Front with strong bristles ; border of the mouth with a vibrissa
on each side. Middle tibise with a terminal spur ; all the tibise on
the exterior side without erect bristle before the tip. Wings with-
out bristles on the costa; first longitudinal vein very short, and the
auxiliary vein connected with it at the tip ; basal cells existing, but
small; posterior transverse vein generally far distant from the bor-
der of the wing.

The N. A. species which I have seen belong to the genera AGRO-

MYZA, LOBIOPTERA, and MlLICHIA.

PHYTOMYZIDAE — ASTEIDAE — BORBORIDAE — PHOR1DAE. 47

FAM. LVIII. PHYTOMYZIDAE.

Charact. — Front bristly ; border of the mouth with vibrissse on each side.
Middle tibiae with spurs; all the tibiae without erect bristle on the
exterior side. Wings without bristles on the costa ; first longitu-
dinal vein very short ; auxiliary vein connected with it at the tip ;
basal cells existing, but small ; posterior transverse vein wanting.

The genus PHYTOMYZA is represented in N. A.

FAM. LIX. ASTEIDAE.

Charact. — Front bristly above ; border of the mouth with a vibrissa at
each side. Middle tibiae with spurs ; all the tibise without erect
bristle on the exterior side. Wings without bristles on the costa ;
first longitudinal vein exceedingly short ; auxiliary vein connected
with it only at the tip; second longitudinal vein very short; two
posterior basal cells as well as the posterior transverse vein want-
ing.

No N. A. species of this small family is as yet known.

FAM. LX. BORBORIDAE.

Charact. — Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen flat ; front bristly ; face exca-
vated, with a vibrissa on each side of the border of the mouth ;
clypeus developed; first joint of the posterior tarsi abbreviated.
Neuration of the wing incomplete, only a commencement of the
auxiliary vein being at best visible ; the hindmost two basal cells
are not complete in all genera.

N. A. seems to possess numerous species of the genus BORBORUS,
which have not yet been carefully compared with the European
species. One species taken in Cuba is identical with an African
one.

FAM. LXI.

Charact. — Antennae apparently single jointed, with a long bristle. Wings
with several stout veins running into the costa, and three or four
weak ones, which run across the surface of the wings and are not
completely connected with the hindmost of the stout veins, from
which they appear to issue. Femora flattened.

Many species of PHORA seem to occur in N. A. ; their form, as
far as I am acquainted with them, differs in no way from that of
the European ones.

48 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

III. COEIACEA.

FAM. LXII. HIPPOBOSCIDAE.

Charact. — Head flattened; first joint of all the tarsi, or at least of the an-
terior and middle tarsi, abbreviated.

N". A. possesses species of the genera HIPPOBOSCA Linn., MELO-
PHAGUS Latr., ORNITHOMYIA Leach, and OLFERSIA Wied., several
of which are perfectly identical with European species.

FAM. LXIII. NYCTERIBIDAE.

Charact. — Head not flattened ; first joint of all the tarsi rather long or
very long, in comparison with the following.

One STREBLA only and a species belonging to a new genus are
known to me as occurring in N. A.

II.
ON THE NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIDAE.

1. Extent of the family TRYPETID.E.

In stating that the family of Trypetidce comprises the genera
Trypeta Meig. and Dacus Wied. we define its limits as exactly as
is possible before having developed its character.

The genus Trypeta was founded by Meigen in Illiger's Magazine
II, 277, 94. Shortly after, the same genus was published in
Schrank's Fauna Boica under the name of Trnpanea, and still
later, it appeared in Latreille's writings, in a more vague circum-
scription, under that of Tephritis.

The number of species belonging to it has so much increased
since the time of its creation, and so considerable differences in
their organization have been observed, that not only the limits of
the genus have become a little uncertain, but also the necessity of
a division into smaller genera was felt, and more than one attempt
to satisfy this want has been made.

The first attempt, abortive both from the choice of unfit charac-
ters and from the vagueness of the observations used as foundation
for the characters, was made by Robineau Desvoidy, who distri-
buted the species known to him among the genera Ensina, Stylia,
Oxyna, Oxyphora, Terellia, Forellia, Xyphosia, Sitaria, Orettia,
Tephritis, Urophora, Aciura, Prionella, Sphenella, Urellia, Acinia,
and Nceeta, to which his genera Acidia and Strauzia must be also
added.

Subsequently Macquart reunited these genera into five : Uropho-
ra, Terellia, Tephritis, Acinia, and Ensina, to which he added the
genus Ceratitis M'Leay, which he had previously described himself
under the name of Petalophora. Later, in the "Dipteres exotiques,"
he added Acanthoneura, Campylocera, Meracantha, Toxura, and
Epicerella; the four last, however, if we may depend on his de-
scriptions and figures, must be placed among the Ortalidce.

Mr. Walker, in the " List of the Diptera of the British Museum,"
adopted the genera of R. Desvoidy, after modifying the characters
4

50 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of several of them, and retained the genera Anomoia and Euleia,
which he had previously founded himself; besides, he erroneously
brought again among the Trypetidce the genus Camptoneura, which
Macquart had formed on Trypeta picta Wied., and correctly placed
among the Ortalidce.

The most recent attempt at a detailed classification of the Eu-
ropean species of the old genus Trypeta is that given by Rondani
in his "Prodromus Dipterologice italicce." He retains — though in
a much altered sense — the genera of R. Desvoidy : Oxyna, Uro-
phora, Rivellia, Tephritis, Acinia, Aciura, Terellia, and Orellia,
and adopting the genus Ceratitis M. Leay and Myopites Breb., he
creates the following new genera: Goniglossum, Carpomyia, Gera-
jocera, Chetostoma, Epidesmia, Myoleja, SpathuKna, Dithryca, and
Oplocheta. But these genera are less fit for reuniting what is
really allied, than for isolating out of their nearest relationship
such species as are distinguished by any specific peculiarity and for
crowding them inordinately together. The dichotomic division of
genera from single characters without any indication of the true
generic distinctions, renders it impossible to refer to them the
other species described by authors, and it is not at all sufficient
for this purpose to name a typical species, especially as some of
these typical species have not yet been described, and the correct-
ness of the names of the others is not proved. Moreover, the
characters ascribed by Rondani to the single genera are not all
quite certain, and some of them, for instance the scutellum of
Myoleja, which is said to have two bristles, the scutellum of Cera-
titis six bristles, appear to be errors of the observer.

If we add to what we have said already that the genera Xar-
nuta, Themara, Calantra, and Aragara, erected by Walker in the
"Proceedings of the Linnajan Society," with some probability
belong here, and that perhaps the genus Dasyneura Saund., and
Rachiptera and Elaphromyia Bigot are Trypetidce, both the va-
riety of the forms belonging to the genus Trypeta Meig. and a
picture of the chaotic state into which their arrangement has been
thrown will be sufficiently illustrated.

The genus Dacus, restricted by Meigen to the Dacus Olece
Fabr. (the renowned blight of the olive) and used by Wiedemann
in a wider sense, is nearest related to the genus Trypeta Meig. ;
Fabricius, who formed this genus, comprises so different species
in it that we may scarcely consider it as a creation of his. How-

DIVISION OF THE FAMILY INTO TRYPETINA AND DACINA. 51

ever striking the difference may be between the greatest part of
the species of Trypeta and the larger naked species of Dacus, yet
some of the latter approach very much to the larger species of
the polymorphous genus Trypeta, and show the near relation of
both genera. Wiedemann, misled by some Trypetce, had become
uncertain about the limits between the genera Dacus and Trypeta,
or he would not have placed the large Brazilian Trypeta parallela
among Dacus. One of the surest marks for separating both gen-
era is furnished by the structure of the female abdomen, which in
Trypeta shows five, in Dacus four segments before the borer, the
fifth being very short and concealed under the fourth. None of
the other characters, however marked they may appear, is so con-
stant as this. Macquart has already justly observed that the
whole of the first group of Dacus Wied. is not only a stranger to
this genus, but cannot even remain in the same family with it;
therefore giving it the generic name of Senopterina (which must be
mended into Stenopterina}, he assigned it its right place in the
Ortalidce, as will be detailed in the sequel. Among the new gen-
era introduced by Macquart, Leptoxys and Enicocera, perhaps also
Cardiacera, may be very nearly related to the genus Dacus, which
cannot be, however, asserted positively, on account of the insuffi-
ciency of Macquart's statements and the incorrectness of his figures.
The genus Bactrocera, founded by Guerin, seems also to belong
here. The same, perhaps, may be said of the genera Rioxa and
Strumeia, formed by Walker in the "Proceedings of the Linnean
Society," while the genus Dasyneura of Saunders, which Walker
in the "List of the Diptera of the British Museum" places near
Dacus, seems to stand much nearer to Trypeta.

The species of the genus Trypeta and those smaller genera which
either have been comprised in Trypeta or founded in its neigh-
borhood, together with the species really belonging to Dacus and
the smaller genera subordinate to or co-ordinate with it in a simi-
lar way, form the family Trypetida, one of the group of closely
related families of the Acalyptera which are characterized by their
corneous ovipositor.

2. Division of the family into TRYPETINA and DACINA.

A division in two groups may be established as above indi-
cated. The two groups would be : Trypetina, with five distinct
segments of the female abdomen, and Dacina, with apparently four

52 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

segments. The latter, moreover, have some peculiarities in the
structure and neuration of their wings, which, however, allow of
no very sharp limitation. Most frequently a dilatation of the
second basal cell and of the space between the third and fourth
longitudinal veins (in consequence of which the second longitudinal
vein is pushed towards the costal margin) and the posterior angle
of the anal cell extended in a long point, are the most striking
peculiarities in the structure of the wings. But a sharp limitation
of the two groups is perhaps not to be urged too much, as transi-
tions from the one to the other are certainly not wanting, and
another division quite as useful seems to be possible. In the mean
time the groups Trypetina and Dacina, as we have defined them,
are characterized as well as our purpose requires. We have now
to fix the relation of the family Trypetidce to the nearest families,
particularly to that of Ortalidce, since almost all authors have mixed
the species of these two families. For this purpose we want only
to find out the natural character of the family, which cannot be
obtained but from a close examination of the greatest possible
number of species and from a careful appreciation of the system-
atic value to be assigned to the observed peculiarities and differ-
ences.

3. Natural character.

After examining nearly 300 species from different parts of the
world, I believe I may speak as follows about the organization of
the Trypetidce.

The bare eyes, in both sexes, are separated by the front, which
is of equal breadth or only a little narrowed anteriorly. The mid-
dle of the front is not sharply separated from the lateral lists, but
has often a different color. The front is even, usually with an
almost microscopic, rarely with a longer pubescence, sometimes it
is totally bare. On its vertical border it always bears two very
strong bristles, rather distant from each other. Two short callo-
sities, usually little perceptible, run from them, converging but
faintly anteriorly, and bearing one or two bristles directed upwards.
On the vertical border itself there are two bristles, each near the
upper angle of the eye, and in the middle behind the ocelli there
is another pair of bristles, sometimes very stunted. This is also
the case with a pair of bristles directed anteriorly, and inserted be-
tween the ocelli. More anteriorly on the front there are, at each side

NATURAL CHARACTEE. 53

of the orbit, two or three stouter bristles, but generally less stout
in the Dacina than in the Trypetina, whereas in the males of some
Trypetina they are thickened into spines, or even inserted upon
lateral processes. The little crescent cut off by the frontal fissure
is often very distinct, though never very large. The antenna? are
directed downwards, the third joint elongated or long ; the bristle
nearly bare, or with a very short pubescence ; only in a few spe-
cies it has longer hairs, but is never pectinated. The face shows
below each antenna a flat excavation, more deepened in those few
species which have a keel in the middle of the face ; the anterior
border of these excavations forms a more or less distinct eleva-
tion, and sometimes almost a keel. The cheeks are more or less
hairy; in a few Trypetina the furthermost hairs almost have the
appearance of vibrissas, which, however, are never present. All
more naked species have also less hairy cheeks. The proboscis
is never much thickened ; the suctorial flaps are sometimes very
short and rather broad, sometimes rather long, sometimes of an
extraordinary length, as for instance in the species of Myopites
Breb., where they seem to become much stouter, which was the
reason why a species of Myopites was placed by Fabricius in Sto-
moxys. The prolongation of the suctorial flaps is proportionate
to that of the stem ; not unfrequently in most nearly related species
the structure of the proboscis seems to be very different ; but on a
closer examination this difference appears not to be essential, and
cannot even always be used in characterizing the small genera into
which the genus Trypeta Meig. has been divided. Among the
Dacina I have never seen a species with a very prolonged pro-
boscis. The oral cavity is large, sometimes very large and widened,
and not seldom a little prolonged at its anterior border ; its form
depends very much on that of the proboscis ; for in those species
which have a very long proboscis, the anterior border of the
mouth is usually also much more projecting. The palpi are either
more applied to or more laid upon the labium, when it is retracted
into the mouth-hole ; their form is more or less spatulate, and
generally more elongated in those species which have a long pro-
boscis than in those with a short one. The clypeus owing its
origin to a duplication of the skin which connects the stem of the
labium with the border of the mouth is narrow, and being con-
cealed within the mouth-hole can only be seen anteriorly in those

54 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

species in which the anterior part of the peristoma is more drawn
upwards.

There is no striking peculiarity in the structure of the thorax.
The transverse suture, in agreement with nearly all the Acalyptera,
is distinct in the neighborhood of the lateral border, and totally
obsolete in the middle of the thorax. The bristles of the thorax
not only offer good specific characters, but sometimes also prove
very fit for the separation of genera. In that respect the bristles
of the middle of the upper side of the thorax deserve attention ; in
those species in which their number is the most complete there are
three pairs, one before the suture, the second behind the suture,
the third a little before the scutellum. More frequently only the
second and third pair of these bristles are present, sometimes only
the third ; in almost all African species of Dacus they are all
wanting. Besides these bristles of the middle of the thorax there
are two rows of bristles on each side; the exterior row consists of
four bristles, the first of which stands on the humeral callosity, arid
is often wanting in the Dacina; the second has its place before
the transverse suture ; the third, which is often much weaker than
the others, in the lateral dilatation of the transverse suture ; the
fourth above and a little behind the base of the wing. The inte-
rior row consists of three bristles only, corresponding to the three
last bristles of the exterior row, but is placed a little more back-
wards than these. The scutellum, which is more or less convex,
generally bears four stout bristles, but in many Dacina and some
Trypetina only two; there is sometimes on each side a weaker
bristle between the stout ones.

The abdomen of the male shows only four distinct segments, the
last of which is more or less elongated. The abdomen of the female
has five segments before the borer, and the last of them in the
Trypetina is always distinct, whereas in the Dacina it is very
small, and so concealed under the fourth segment that the abdomen
of the female seems to consist only of four segments. That seg-
ment which is usually numbered the first, and will also be numbered
so in the following descriptions, seems to be composed of two
segments soldered together. In many Dacina we also see the next
segments more or less completely coalescent on their upper side.
The borer of the female is always of a corneous substance ; it is
formed of three segments, which are retractile like the drawers of
a telescope, and often very long; the last ends in a simple more or

NATURAL CHARACTER. 55

less sharp point ; the first segment is either more conical, or more
cylindrical, and then usually thick at its base, or it is quite flat;
in most species it is hairy, in others it is beset with hairs at the tip
only; in others again is quite bare ; its length varies exceedingly
in the various species ; the second and the third segments of the
borer are always bare. To the length of the borer of the female
corresponds that of the thread-like penis of the male. The hairs
of the body are sometimes fine and short, sometimes coarse and
long ; in the latter case the posterior margin of the abdominal
segments is generally beset with bristles, which in the species
having fine and short hairs, are either totally wanting or are pre-
sent only at the posterior borders of some segments, most frequently
on that of the last.

The legs are always of moderate length, and of a rather robust
structure ; they are beset everywhere with short hairs, which be-
come longer on the upper side of the posterior tibia? of some species.
There are usually some longer bristles on the under side of the
anterior femora, and frequently also on their upper side ; similar
bristles exist on the posterior femora of several species, and some-
times even on the middle femora. The tips of the middle tibiae
are always spurred ; otherwise, the tibite have no bristles. It is
very characteristic for all the Trypetidce that the erect bristles
are totally wanting, which some allied families, for instance the
Sapromyzidce, possess on the outside of the tibia?, not far from the
tip. The first joint of the tarsi is always prolonged. The claws
and pulvilly are small, and of equal form in both sexes.

The neuration of the wings is that of Acalyptera in its highest
perfection, and shows many characters peculiar to this family.
The auxiliary vein is separated from the first longitudinal vein,
though often approximated to it, especially in some Dacina; it
never runs in the usual way, that is, at an acute angle and with
equal distinctness as far as its end or even incrassatiug towards the
border of the wing, but turns suddenly towards it, and, at the
same time, becomes much more indistinct, the more so as the
space between its end and that of the first longitudinal vein is
incrassated. At the place where it runs into the border of the
wing, the latter bears a small marginal spine, quite indistinct in
many species, and which cannot, therefore, be considered as one of
the characters of the Trypetidce. Generally the whole length of
the first longitudinal vein is beset with bristles ; this is also most

56 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

frequently the case with the base, or a greater part, or even the
whole length of the third longitudinal vein ; much more seldom
there are bristles on the fifth longitudinal vein. The two small
basal cells are proportionately large; the posterior of them, i. <?.,
the anal cell in most, but not all species, has its posterior angle
drawn out into a point. The thickening of the costal vein always
reaches to the fourth longitudinal vein. The surface of the wing
has in all species a microscopic pubescence.

From the above enumerated structural peculiarities we may de-
rive the following characters for the family of Trypetidce: —

1. The borer of the female is corneous, three-jointed, and ends in

a simple point; the penis of the male answers the borer in
length, and is thread-like and not divided at its end.

2. The front is broad in both sexes, and there are stout bristles on

the anterior part of its lateral border, not belonging to the
row which descends from the vertex, but forming a separate
row which is placed nearer to the lateral border of the front.

3. There are spurs at the end of the middle tibia3, and no bristles

whatever on all tibiae, except, in a few species, bristle-like
hairs on the upper side of the posterior tibiae.

4. The neuration is the completest among the Acalyptera ; the

auxiliary vein takes a steep turn towards the border of the
wing, and becomes indistinct towards its end.

4. On the relations of this family.

The family most nearly related to the Trypetidce is that of the
Ortalidce. The two principal characters, by which the former are
distinguished from the latter, are the stout bristles existing on the
anterior part of the lateral border of the front, and the steep direc-
tion in which the tapering end of the auxiliary vein runs to the
border of the wing. Both these characters are very constant ;
should it happen that one of them is less sharply expressed, the
other will be the more striking, and so an absolute certainty is
afforded about the limits of these two families, the species of which
have hitherto been so much mixed together.

The Pallopteridce and Lonchceidce are not quite so nearly related
to the Trypetidce as the Ortalidce. They also want the bristles
on the anterior part of the lateral border of the front, and the
end of the auxiliary vein never shows the peculiarity which cha-

ON THE N. A. SPECIES HITHERTO RECORDED. 57

racterizes the Trypetidce. Moreover, their basal cells are smaller,
and the first longitudinal vein never has any bristles, but only a
short pubescence like that of the remainder of the surface of the
wing.

The Lauxanidce and Sapromyzidce have still less relation to the
Trypetidce. They are readily distinguished from the Trypetidce by
their middle and hind tibiae being spurred with bristles before their
tip, and the outside of the tibias bearing an 3rect bristle before the
tip ; the lirst longitudinal vein of the wings has no bristles, and
the end of the auxiliary vein never has the character peculiar to
that of the Trypetidce; the two posterior basal cells are small ; the
bristles on the anterior part of the lateral border of the front are
wanting ; in this respect we must not be deceived by the rows of
bristles, which run from the two bristles of the vertical border,
and which, being more scattered, extend farther anteriorly ; there
always exists only a single row of bristles, whereas the frontal bris-
tles in the Trypetidce always form two rows on each side, one of
which may be called the superior and interior, the other the inferior
and exterior.

With the exception of the families mentioned above there is no
other so nearly allied to the Trypetidce, that it would be necessary
to point out its differences.

5. On the N~. A. species hitherto recorded.

What has been written about the N. A. Trypetidce is very little in
amount. No species at all of the section Dacina has been described.
I have, however, seen the fragments of a fly captured in Cuba,
which belongs either to Dacus or to one of the nearest genera of
the Ortalidce; but as it is one of those osculating forms between
the two allied families, nothing can be said with certainty about its
systematic place before having seen a better preserved specimen.

The N. A. Trypetce hitherto recorded are as follows: —

1. acidusa Walk., unknown to me, is either a relation of Tryp. suspensa

and unicolor, the descriptions of which will be given hereafter, or
belongs to those species similar to them which have the fifth longi-
tudinal vein also beset with bristles.

2. albiscutellata Harr. must be omitted, since it is undescribed.

3. antillarum Macq. belongs to the Ortalidas, being erroneously placed

by Macquart in Urophora, a genus of the Tiypetina.

4. arcuata Walk, differs in nothing from Tryp. flexa Wied. and belongs

to the Ortalidas.

58 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. armata R. Desv., published by the author as Strauzia armata, is Tryp.

longipennis Wied. $, .

6. asteris Harr.; the description being unfortunately inaccessible to

me, I can say nothing about it. The name is preoccupied by Mr.
Haliday.

7. avala Walk., quite unknown to me ; Mr. Walker's statements are not

sufficient to decide whether it belongs to the Ortalidas or not.

8. beauvoisii R. Desv. ; the description is too bad to allow its true

position to be determined ; but it is certainly not among the species
known to me.

9. caliptera Say is Tryp. sparsa Wied. ; the older name deserves the

preference, the more so as that of Say is not correct.

10. cinctipes Harr. is an undescribed species, and must be therefore

omitted.

11. comma Wied. a good species and readily recognizable ; not possessing

it, I cannot give a more detailed description ; but having seen it in
some collections, I subjoin a fugitive sketch of the reticulation of
the wing (Tab. II, fig. 28), trusting that by this figure and Wiede-
mann's description the species will be recognized. It is not quite
certain whether Macquart's Acinia comma is the same, since he says
that the posterior border of the wings has a large clear spot, which
was not the case with the individuals of the genuine Tryp. comma
Wied. which I have seen. The clear drops near the end of the
sixth longitudinal vein being very much crowded, their eventual
coalescing into a larger clear spot does not seem impossible.

12. cornigera Walk, is identical with Tryp. longipennis Wied.

13. cornifera Walk, is a slight variety of Tryp. longipennis Wied., in

which the bands of the posterior border of the wings are obsolete,
which is not seldom the case.

14. culta Wied. (not cutta, a misprint corrected by Wiedemann himself).

It is a relation of the European Tryp. reticulata Schrauk, and Wiede-
mann's description is sufficient for recognizing this species. On
Tab. II, fig. 29, I subjoin a sketch of the reticulation of the wings,
which I made several years ago ; though the circumference of the
wing may not be quite correct, yet the species will, I hope, be recog-
nized from it.

15. dinia Walk, seems to be a Trypeta related to the European Tryp.

rotundiventris Fall., tibialis R. Desv., etc. It may stand nearest to
Tryp. insecta, the description of which follows hereafter.

16. electa Say will be exactly described in the sequel.

17. fimbriata Macq. is Tryp. culta Wied.

18. flavonotata Macq. is Tryp. electa Say.

19. flexa Wied. is by no means a Trypeta, but an Ortalis not rare in

collections.

20. fucata Fabr. seems to be a true Trypeta, but will be rather hard to

recognize, unless an original specimen can be compared.

ON THE N. A. SPECIES HITHERTO RECORDED. 59

21. fulvifrons Macq. I hardly conceive how Macquart could locate among

Urophora a species which is an Ortalis, and nothing else but Ortalis
aenea Wied.

22. inermis R. Desv., published by the author as Strauzia inermis, is

Tryp. longipennis Wied. £> •

23. interrupta Macq. seems to be an Ortalis related to Herina rufitarsis

Macq., if it is not a mere variety of this species, so variable in the
color of its body ; moreover, it is so vaguely described that it is not
possible to say anything with certainty about it.

24. latipennis Macq., described by Macquart under the name of Platy-

stoma latipennis; it is, however, certainly a Trypeta, and I hope
not to be mistaken in identifying it with Tryp. sparsa Wied. ; the
representation of the head is certainly nothing but the invention of
the draughtsman, or a foreign head had been glued to the speci-
men.

25. lichtensteinii Wied. I have seen this beautiful species about six-

teen years ago, and made a sketch of the picture of the wing, which
I give in Tab. II, fig. 25. The bristle of the antenna is thickened
at its base in a rather striking manner.

26. longipennis Wied. will be more accurately described in the sequel.

The name of it is ascertained from the inspection of the originals.
It is surprising that Wiedemann does not mention the thickening
of the frontal bristles of the male, though the males in his collection
show it. Perhaps he had specimens enough to satisfy himself that
this peculiarity is not constant.

27. marginepunctata Macq. is unknown to me.

28. melliginis Fitch belongs to the Ortalidse, and is Herina rufitarsis

Macq.

29. mevarna Walk., a Trypeta which has the apex of the wings only

reticulated, and is allied probably to the European Tryp. stellata
Fiissl. Among the below described species Trypeta Solaris may
have the greatest resemblance to it.

30. mexicana Wied. seems to be a Trypeta; the original perhaps exists

in the Berlin Museum. It is none of the species known to me.

31. narytia Walk. I believe it also to be a Trypeta; it is likewise not

among my species.

32. novaeboracensis Fitch is the same species as Tryp. sparsa Wied.

and caliptera Say.

33. nigriventris Macq. probably a Trypeta of the group of Tryp. rotundi-

ventris Fall.

34. obliqua Macq., a Trypeta, which seems to be nearly allied to Tryp.

suspensa from Cuba and Tryp. unicolor from New Granada, but differs
from both by its small transverse vein having an inclined position,
and the first hyaline band running uninterruptedly from the border
of the wing to the anterior of the two small basal cells, whereas in
those species it is interrupted not far from the costal border.

60 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

35. obliqua Say seems to be related to the European Tryp. Arctii Deg.

and the below described Tryp. palposa from North Wisconsin ; the
latter has on its abdomen four rows of black spots, whereas Tryp.
obliqua Say has only two.

36. ocresia Walk, apparently related to Tryp. unicolor from New Granada,

but it cannot be identified with this or any other species known to
me. The description given by Walker is very vague.

37. picta Fabr. a Camptoneura and consequently an Ortalideous species.

38. quadrifasciata Macq. I believe it to be a Trypeta which I do not

possess.

39. quadrifasciata Walk, belongs to the Ortalidx and is Herina rufitarsis

Macq.

40. quadrivittata Macq. belongs to the Ortalidx.

41. scutellaris Wied. I have seen the typical individuals of this beau-

tiful species in the Berlin Museum sixteen years ago. If I recollect
right, there were bright bands of a more black than brown color on
the two last segments only of the abdomen in the male, but on all
segments in the female. I was surprised to see in the female the
markings of the wings (Tab. II, fig. 27) more extended than in the
male (Tab. II, fig. 26).

42. scutellata Wied. a Trypeta quite unknown to me.

43. septenaria Harr. must be omitted as being undescribed.

44. solidaginis Fitch has been amply described in the sequel.

45. sparsa Wied. I give a detailed description of it.

46. tabellaria Fitch, not among the Trypetx known to me, nor does it

seem to belong to them, but is probably an Ortalida.

47. tribulis Ilarr. not described and therefore to be omitted.

48. trimaculata Macq. is the same variety of Tryp. longipennis Wied.

which Walker has described under the name of Tryp. cornifera.

49. trifasciata Harr. must be omitted as being undescribed.

50. villosa R. Desv. may be a Trypeta, but is so badly described that

there is scarcely a possibility to recognize it.

The result of the remarks given about the enumerated 50 species
will consequently be as follows : —

1. Five species must be omitted, because they have never been

described: albiscutellata Harr., cinctipes Ilarr., septenaria
Harr, tribulis Harr., and trifasciata Harr.

2. Fourteen species must be blotted out as identical with species

previously described: arcuata Walk., armata R. Desv.,
caliptera Say, cornigera Walk., cornifera Walk., fimbriata
Macq., flavonotata Macq., inermis R. Desv., latipennis
Macq., marginepunctata Macq., melliginis Fitch, novcebora-
censis Fitch, quadrifasciata Walk., and trimaculata Macq.

ON THE SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. 61

3. Of the remaining thirty-one species seven, the five first with all

certainty, the two last with great probability, must be placed
among the Ortulidfe. These are : antillarum Macq., flexa
Wied., fulvifrons Macq., picta Fabr., quadrivittata Macq.,
interrupta Macq., tdbellaria Fitch".

4. Consequently twenty-four N. A. Trypetce have been described,

namely: acidusa Walk., asteris Harr., avala Walk., beau-
voisii R. Desv., comma Wied., culta Wied., dinia Walk.,
electa Say, fucata Fabr., lichtensteinii Wied., longipennis
Wied., mevarna Walk., mexicana Wied., Narytia Walk.,
nigriventris , Macq. , obliqua Macq., obliqua Say, ocresia
Walk., quadrifasciata Macq., scutellaris Wied., scutellata
Wried., solidaginis Fitch, sparsa Wied., and villosa R. Desr.

5. Of these twenty-four species I possess four only [now five. —

0. S.], which I shall fully describe hereafter; they are: electa
Say, longipennis Wied., solidaginis Fitch, sparsa Wied. [and
obliqua Say. — 0. S.]. Moreover I have seen in other col-
lections four species ; they are : comma Wied., culta Wied.,
lichtensteinii Wied., and scutellaris Wied. As an addition
to my paper I subjoin the descriptions which Wiedemann
has given of them, and accompany them with drawings of
the wings, which, however, on account of their being only
fugitive sketches, have not the same claim to correctness as
the figures of the wings of the other species.

6. On the systematic arrangement of the species to be described.

Besides the above mentioned four species I have to describe
nineteen new ones, which I leave all united in the genus Trypeta.
Though they differ in their organization, I think my course is both
reasonable and proper. It has been already sufficiently shown,
how very uncertain the limits of the family Trypetidce are. For
the immediate purpose, it will be quite sufficient if insects of other
families are no longer mixed with these. The number of accurately
known species must increase considerably, before a convenient
classification can be thought of.

The smaller genera hitherto founded on the various forms of the
Trypetina are partly formed on European species, partly estab-
lished in a very superficial manner on single species of other parts

62 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the globe. Among the former there are some, which are avail-
able or may be rendered available by removing the aberrant species
from them ; the remaining genera either have no claim to the names
of genera, or are understood by different authors in so different a
sense as to render their adoption more perplexing than useful.
But a few of the available genera are represented in North Ame-
rica. The genera created for single species have usually been
established on account of a single striking character, no informa-
tion being given about the other characters ; so it will be next to
impossible to place new species in such genera without incurring
the risk of gross mistakes.

Such being the case, I will be justified, I think, in comprising
all species under the head of Trypeta, in the sense of Meigen and
Wiedeinaun. I should be glad indeed if by the communication of
numerous species I was enabled to divide the N". A. Trypetina
into smaller genera. To obtain numerous species is only possible
by breeding them, which is a very easy task ; for the larvae are
easily discovered ; they live in stalk-galls, or in berries and berry-
like fruits ; but most frequently in the flower-heads of Composites,
among which they prefer the Cynarocephalce to all others.

To prevent any misunderstanding I finally have to observe, that
in the following descriptions, by the length of the borer I always
meant the length of its first joint only, which is also comprised in
the indication of the length of the females. The length of the
whole borer depends so much on the more or less extension of its
three segments, that no certain measure of it can be given.

Synopsis of the species described in the sequel.*

, ( Wings pictured (reticulate or banded).
I Wings not pictured, hyaline. 26

0 ( Wings banded. 3

~ i
(. Wings reticulate. 15

„ ( Third longitudinal vein with bristles. 4

( Third longitudinal vein without bristles. 10

, ( Abdomen black. 1 discolor, n. sp.

1 Abdomen yellow. 5

* If a species is not found among those enumerated in this synopsis,
before pronouncing it to be new the Appendices I and II should be con-
sulted. This table contains only species described from specimens, and
not merely quoted from other works. 0. S.

SYNOPSIS OP THE SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THE SEQUEL. 63

, J Face very receding. 2 longipennis Wied.

i

I Face not receding. 6

/> ( Back of the thorax not striped. 7

( Back of the thorax striped. It

- ( Abdomen with black dots. obliqua Say.*

I Abdomen without black dots. 8

( The band rising over the posterior transverse vein is connected with
the preceding on the posterior border. 3 fratria, n. sp.

1 The baud rising over the posterior transverse vein is not connected
L with the preceding. 4 suspensa, n. sp.

(The two middle bands of the wing diverge towards the posterior
border. 5 unicolor, n. sp.

1 The two middle bauds of the wing are converging towards the poste-
rior border. 6 electa Say.
Thorax and abdomen differing in color. 7 iusecta, n. sp.
Thorax and abdomen of the same color. 11
f Color of the body yellow. 12
\ Color of the body black. 14
, 0 f Abdomen with black dots. 8 palposa, n. sp.
I Abdomen without black dots. 13
, „ f Basal third of the wing hyaline. vernoniae, n. sp.f
( Basal third of the wing pictured. 9 suavis, n. sp.
,. ( Scutellum yellow. 10 cingulata, n. sp.
I Scutellum black. 11 polita, n. sp.
, - f Wings much widened. t 16
I Wings not widened. 17

ITip of the wings with an uninterrupted white seam. 12 sparsa Wied.
Tip of the wings with an interrupted white seam.
13 rotundipennis, n. sp.
, M ( Proboscis geniculated. 18

I Proboscis not geniculated. 19

, „ f Stigma with a limpid drop. 14 clathrata, n. sp.

( Stigma without limpid drop. 15 humilis, n. sp.

, „ f Reticulation of the wing not radiating at its tip. 20

I Reticulation of the wing radiating at its tip. 21

20 ( Front exceedingly broad. 16 solidaginis Fitch.

( Front of moderate breadth. 17 seriata, n. sp.

01 ( Wings reticulate only on the apical half. 18 Solaris, n. sp.

( Wings reticulate on their whole surface. 22

22 f The whole reticulation equally broken. 19 sequalis, n. sp.

I The reticulation broken much less in the middle. 23

no ( Abdomen yellow. 24

( Abdomen black. 25

* See Appendix III. f Ibid.

64 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

9< f Reticulation paler in the middle. 20 festiva, n. sp.

I Reticulation everywhere of the same color. 21 bella, n. sp.

f The curvature inside of the first posterior cell considerable.
„ ! 22 latifrons, n. sp.

j The curvature inside of the first posterior cell very small.

23 melanogastra, n. sp.
26 j Stigma fuscous. albidipennis, n. sp.*

1 Stigma pale. alba, n. sp.f

7. Description of the species.

1. T. discolor LOEW. £ . (Tab. II, fig. 1.) — Lutea, abdomine nigro,
alarum fasciis quatuor obliquis fuscanis, prima et secunda antice, tertia
et quarta postice connexis, vena longitudinal! tertia setosa, venulis
transversis valde approximatis.

Luteous yellow with the abdomen black ; wings with four very oblique
brownish bands, the two first being anteriorly, two last posteriorly
connected ; third longitudinal vein with bristles and the two transverse
veins approximate. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.15.

Yellow with a rather glossy black abdomen, which color becomes
more blackish-brown near the base. Front proportionately rather
narrow ; three bristles at each side are of a browner color and
directed anteriorly. Antennae yellowish, not reaching as far as
the border of the mouth ; bristle of the antennae thin, apparently
naked. Face descending rather straight downwards, but little
excavated. Opening of the mouth proportionately large. Pro-
boscis short, palpi somewhat prominent. Upper side of the tho-
rax with short yellow hairs and yellowish-brown bristles; it has
no pale stripes, but there is an obsolete, paler, longitudinal stripe
between it and the pleurae. Pleurae of the color of the upper
side of the thorax, with yellowish bristles ; the neighborhood of
the coxss is blackish. Scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen
with short black hairs. Legs yellow, anterior femora with ochra-
ceous bristles on the under side. Wings glassy with four very
oblique brown bands, which are partly tinged with brownish-
yellow on the inside. The first band begins at the base of the
wing, where it is connected with the second, runs over the anal
cell as far as the base of the third posterior cell, and, including the
fourth longitudinal vein, projects a little, whereupon leaving the
latter, it bends towards the posterior border of the wing, which it

* See Appendix III. t Ibid.

TRYPETIDAE. 65

reaches in the middle between the tips of the fourth and fifth lon-
gitudinal veins; its color is yellowish-brown near the base of the
wings and dark brown beyond the basal cell. The second band
runs first from the base of the wing to near the tip of the first
longitudinal vein, then crosses the wing obliquely, on the border
of which it includes the tip of the fifth longitudinal vein; the two
transverse veins are included by it in such a way that their anterior
ends are placed exactly on the outside border of the band ; the
color of this band is brownish-yellow with darker brown edges
which gradually overcome the lighter color at the posterior end ;
also that portion of it which covers the stigma and the space imme-
diately beneath it, is dark brown. The third band begins on the
costal border immediately behind the stigma and reaches the pos-.
terior border immediately behind the tip of the fourth longitudinal
vein; it is brownish-yellow, edged with dark brown, the posterior
end being likewise dark brown. The fourth band begins a little
before the tip of the second longitudinal vein and runs on the bor-
der of the wing as far as the] fourth longitudinal vein, where it is
connected with the third band; its color is dark brown, being
brownish-yellow only at its anterior end. The two transverse veins
are very near each other and very steep ; none of the longitudinal
veins is extraordinarily arcuated ; the second, third, and fourth
longitudinal veins diverge a little at their tips; the bristles of the
third longitudinal vein are very distinct and reach as far as its tip.
Hah. Cuba. (Riehl.)

2. T. loiigipeimis WIED. £ & £. (Tab. II, fig. 2 £ , 3 £.)— Flava,
angusta, rivulis fasciisque alarum augustarum flavo-fuscanis, facie valde
recedente.

Yellow, slender; the narrow wings with brownish-yellow rivulets and
bands; the face much receding. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.26. Long. al.
O.i:2—0.30.

SYN. Trypeta longipennis WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 483, 12.
Strauzia armata R. DESVOIDY, Myod. 719, 2. (£ .)
Slrauzia inermis R. DESVOIDY, Myod. 718, 1. ( £ .)

Tf'phritis trimaculata MACQUART, Dipt. exot. II, 226, 8. Tab. XXXI, fig. 3.
Trypeta cornigera WALKER, List. Brit. Mus. IV, 1010.
Trypeta cornifera WALKER, List. Brit. Mus. IV, 1011.

Very variable both in size and in the color of its body and wings,
yet readily recognizable. In the palest individuals the whole body
is yellow, only a very small dot immediately above the base of the
5

66 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings and the tip of the borer being black. In darker individuals,
the following markings appear successively: 1. A black double
spot in the middle of the anterior border of the thorax ; 2. A
black spot on each side of the scutellum ; 3. A broad black stripe
on each side of the metanotum ; 4. The black posterior portion of
the lateral stripes ; 5. The black anterior portion of the lateral
stripes ; 6. The double stripe in the middle of the thorax, abruptly
ending in its centre. The head is rather bright yellow ; front very
prominent, face much receding ; opening of the mouth not widen-
ed ; palpi and proboscis short, yellow, the bristle with a very short
pubescence. Frontal bristles black, the superior ones considerably
stout, two of them on each side in the male assume the shape of
straight spines, a little incrassated at their tips ; in smaller males,
however, these spines are not seldom only little stouter than in the
females, and of the ordinary form. The lateral border of the thorax
and the superior border of the pleurae may have a pale yellow
color in life ; in dry specimens they are very whitish. From the
pale yellow scutellum a broad pale yellow stripe extends to about
the middle of the thorax. Hairs and bristles of the thorax black.
Scutellum with four black bristles. Abdomen proportionately
very narrow, with rather long black hairs. Borer about half as
long as the abdomen, with the tip only blackened. Legs yellow,
anterior femora with black bristles on the under side. Wings
narrow and very long, more elongated and pointed in the males
than in the females, but not always in the same degree ; the brown-
ish-yellow stripes and bands leave the following clear spots : 1. A
space near the costal border between the transverse humeral vein
and the tip of the auxiliary vein, and having usually a brownish
spot in its middle ; 2. An oval space immediately below the
stigma between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; 3. A tri-
angular space immediately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal
vein, and reaching from the costal border as far as the third longi-
tudinal vein ; 4. An arcuated band running obliquely from the
costal border between the two transverse veins as far as the fifth
longitudinal vein ; 5. A triangular space on the posterior border
filling up the second posterior cell, with the exception of an edge
along the veins ; 6. An arcuate oblique sernifascia beginning on
the posterior border before the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein,
and running as far as the third longitudinal vein ; 7. The alary
appendage, the posterior angle of the wing, and a large space

TRYPETIDAE. 67

adjoining it, and lying before the last longitudinal vein. The
transverse humeral vein, and the space of the costa near it, are
usually black as well as the space of the latter, where the costal
spine is inserted. The brownish-yellow bands of the wings have
narrow brown edges, and are in a greater or less extent brown
near the tip and the posterior border of the wings. There are
specimens in which the bands are much more extended, but those
having a part of them obsolete are more common ; this fading of
the picture of the wings is most frequent in the neighborhood of
the posterior border. The posterior transverse vein is a little
oblique ; the tips of the third and fourth longitudinal veins are
curved. The circumference of the wings is not always the same in
the males ; those the frontal bristles of which are most thickened
appear to have the most prolonged and pointed wings.

Hal. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — I have had an opportunity of examining the
typical individuals of Tryp. longipennis Wied.

3. T. fratria LOEW. 9. (Tab. II, fig. 4.) — Tota lutea, thorace non
vittato, alarum rivulis fasciisque luteo-fuscanis, maculam ovatam pellu-
cidam in posteriore cellulse discoidalis parte iucludentibus, vena longi-
tudinal! tertia setosa.

Totally luteous yellow ; the thorax without stripes ; the wings with brown-
ish-yellow rivulets and bands, including an ovate pellucid spot in the
posterior part of the discal cell ; the third longitudinal vein with bris-
tles. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.22.

Rather dark yellow with the scutellum paler and an almost
whitish-yellow, not sharply limited stripe, running from the shoulder
to the base of the wing ; the metanotum at each side with a dot-
like black spot. Front of moderate breadth. Antenna? yellow,
little longer than half the face, with the bristle apparently bare.
Face receding only a little, and slightly excavated below the an-
tennce. Proboscis short ; palpi slightly projecting. Bristles of
the thorax black. Hairs of the abdomen short and black. Borer
very short, not flattened, concolorous with the abdomen. Legs
yellow, tibia? and tarsi paler than the femora; anterior femora with
some black bristles on the underside. The picture of the wings is
yellowish-brown, and of the same form as that of the European
Tryp. Heraclei Linn. The part of it adjacent to the base of the
wings reaches from the costal border as far as the dark brownish

68 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stigma, having, however, between the transverse humeral vein and
the tip of the auxiliary vein a rather large and almost hyaline
space ; it includes between the third and fourth longitudinal veins
an oval transparent spot near the base of the discal cell ; it covers
the whole of the two posterior basal cells and fills up the two first
thirds of the discal cell, running then in a darker color behind
the fifth longitudinal vein as far as the tip of this vein, from whence
forming a band, it rises above the posterior transverse vein and is
connected with the remaining picture in the neighborhood of the
small transverse vein. From the latter place a band runs obliquely
to the costal border, where it seams the tip of the wing and pro-
ceeds as far as the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; on the
third longitudinal vein it emits a parallel branch running to the
posterior border. The last portion of the third longitudinal vein
is only slightly curved ; the posterior transverse vein is slightly
oblique ; the small transverse vein is perpendicular and more than
one and a half of its length from the posterior transverse vein.

Hal>. United States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — Tryp. fratria resembles exceedingly the yellow
variety of Tryp. Heraclei Linn., and agrees with it especially in the
picture of the wings ; but it differs from it by its shorter and pro-
portionately broader wings, by the greater distance between the
two transverse veins, and the curve of the last portion of the third
longitudinal vein, which is less considerable. I found also the
borer of the palest females of Tryp. Heraclei always black, whereas
its color in Tryp. fratria. agrees with that of the abdomen.

'Observation 2. — I have been of the opinion for some time that
this species might be Tryp. varipennis Macq., but after a closer
examination I find this not admissible, since in Macquart's figure
(Dipt. exot. II, 3, Tab. XXXI, f. 1) the band rising from the
posterior border and seaming the posterior transverse vein includes
a large clear space behind the fifth longitudinal vein, which does
not exist in Tryp. fratria, and the penultimate band is united with
the first near the second longitudinal vein, whereas in Tryp. fratria
this union takes place at the third longitudinal vein. The state-
ment of the metanotum of Tryp. varipennis being black, whereas
in my specimen of Tryp. fratria it is marked with a black dot on
each side only, could not be considered as decisive for separating
the two species, since the species of this group are very variable
in their colors.

TRYPETIDAE. 69

4. T. Slispensa LOEW. £ . (Tab. II, fig. 5.) — Tota lutea, thorace
non vittato, alarum fasciis fuscanis obliquis, postice divergentibus, vena
longitudinal! tertia setosa.

Totally luteous yellow ; the thorax not striped ; the wings with oblique
brownish bands diverging posteriorly; the third longitudinal vein with
bristles. Long. corp. 0.21. Long. al. 0.22—0.23.

Dark yellow. Front purer and paler yellow; frontal bristles
black, rather short, and not very stout. Antenna yellowish, almost
as long as the face, with the bristle very thin, and having a very
delicate and short pubescence. Face a little receding, with pro-
portionately rather deep furrows for the reception of the antennae.
Opening of the mouth rather widened ; border of the mouth sharp.
Proboscis rather thick, with the suctorial flaps a little prolonged.
Palpi broad. Upper side of the thorax without stripes; its pube-
scence yellow and exceedingly short, bristles black. Scutellum
with four black bristles. Metanotum colored alike with the rest
of the body. Hairs of the abdomen short and pale, but the bris-
tles at its end black. Legs yellow ; anterior femora not very stout,
with some black bristles on the under side. Wings not very long;
their markings are mostly yellowish-brown, and leave the following
hyaline spots : 1. A small triangular one on the costal border
immediately behind the tip of the first longitudinal vein, reaching
as far as the third longitudinal vein, and joining there a hyaline
spot which lies below the stigma between the third and fourth
longitudinal veins ; 2. An oblique band slightly curved, which
rises on the posterior border, near the tip of the last longitudinal
vein, and ascends between the transverse veins as high as the third
longitudinal vein ; 3. A triangular spot of the posterior border,
occupying the greater part of the second posterior cell, and reach-
ing with its apex to a little beyond the fourth longitudinal vein ;
4. An oblique band which begins at the posterior border, imme-
diately beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein, and ascends
as high as the second longitudinal vein, so that the two oblique
clear bands almost meet with their anterior ends. The small
transverse vein is at the end of the second third of the discal cell,
and, like the posterior transverse vein, has a slightly oblique posi-
tion ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein is distinctly curved
forwards ; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out into a
long point.

Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

70 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

<5. T. imicolor LOEW. £. (Tab. II, fig. 6.) — Flava, thoracis vittis
scutelloque inulto pallidioribus, fasciis alarum fusco-fiavescentibus, pos-
tice divergentibus, vena longitudinal! terti&, setosa.

Yellow, the stripes of the thorax as well as the scutelluni much paler ; the
brownish-yellow bands of the wings diverging posteriorly ; the third
longitudinal vein with bristles. Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.27.

Rather pale yellow. Front a little brighter, of moderate breadth ;
frontal bristles black, the superior ones rather stout. The yel-
lowish antennas are nearly as long as the face, bristle very short,
beset with a very short and delicate pubescence. Face a little re-
ceding, the furrows for the reception of the antenna? proportion-
ately rather deep. Opening of the mouth rather widened, border
of the mouth sharp. Proboscis rather thick, with the suctorial
flaps slightly prolonged ; palpi broad. The upper side of the
thorax, above the base of the wings, shows a stripe running from
the suture to the posterior border of the thorax, and has in the
described specimen rather a whitish color, which seems to have
been pale yellow in the living insect ; of the same color are the
shoulder and the space behind it, the scutellum and a large spot
above the poisers ; a broad stripe of the same color seems to run
from the middle of the posterior border of the thorax to nearly its
middle. The dark stripes usual in other species are indicated by
rows of blackish spots; they may, however, have become visible
only after the drying up of the insect. The short hairs of the thorax
are pale yellowish, the bristles black. Scutellum with four black
bristles. Metanotum with a black stripe on each side. Abdomen
with pale, very short hairs and brownish-black bristles at its end ;
last segment a little prolonged, with an indistinct brown longitu-
dinal line on each side. Legs yellow; anterior femora with some
brown bristles on their under side. Wings rather large; the bands
are brownish-yellow with brown edges, entirely brown near the
posterior border and the tip of the wing; the clear spaces which
they leave are as follows : 1. A very oblique one, interrupted on
the third longitudinal vein, with its anterior end forming a trian-
gular spot, placed beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein,
and running through the base of the discal cell as far as the base
of the posterior basal cell ; 2. A band, having the form of an S,
rising on the posterior border, near the tip of the last longitudinal
vein, and, after running between the transverse veins, ascending as
high as the second longitudinal vein, from whence it turns again

TRYPETIDAE. 7 1

to the posterior border, which it joins iu the neighborhood of the
tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; 3. A large triangular spot of
the posterior border, which occupies a great portion of the second
posterior cell, and with its tip reaches beyond^the fourth longi-
tudinal vein. The stigma is long and rather dark brownish.
Transverse veins straight and steep ; the fourth longitudinal vein
is distinctly curved forwards at its end, as in Tryp. paraUela Wied.;
the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out into a large point.
Hob. New Granada. (Schott.)

6. T. electa SAY. 9. (Tab. II, fig. 7.) — Flava, thoracis vittis scutel-
loque multo pallidioribus, alls fuscario-fasciatis, vena longitudinal! tertia
setosa, tibiis posticis nigro-ciliatis.

Yellow, the stripes of the thorax as well as the scutellum much paler ; the
wings with straight brownish bands ; the third longitudinal vein with
bristles and the upper side of the posterior tibiae ciliated with black
bristles. Long. corp. 0.29. Long. al. 0.29.

SYN. Tnjpeta electa SAY, Journ. Acad. Philad. VI, 185, 1.

Tephritis flavonotata MACQUART, Dipt. exot. Suppl. V, 125. Tab. VII, fig. 9.

This very distinct species has in the picture of the wings a
great resemblance with the European Tryp. alternata Fall. Yel-
low. Front of middling breadth ; frontal bristles black, rather
stout. Face slightly receding, with rather deep furrows for the
reception of the antennas. Antenna? yellow, reaching only a little
beyond the middle of the face ; the bristle bare and very thin.
Opening of the mouth large, but not widened ; border of the mouth
rather sharp, but not projecting. Proboscis small ; palpi rather
broad. On the upper side of the thorax there is a pale yellow
(almost ivory color in the dry specimen) stripe running from the
shoulder to the base of the wing, and a second above the base of
the wing running from the suture as far as the posterior border of
the thorax. Another stripe of the same color runs from the middle
of the posterior border to beyond the middle of the thorax, where
it is gradually pointed and obliterated; the stripe lying above the
base of the wing is interiorly edged with black in the described
specimen. Hairs of the thorax short, pale yellowish ; bristles
black. Scutellum of the color of the pale stripes of the thorax
and a black spot on each side of the base of the lateral border ; it
has four bristles. Pleura with a pale yellow longitudinal stripe in
its middle and two black little spots above it. Abdomen yellow,

72 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

with short black hairs and black bristles on the posterior borders
of the two last segments ; the last segment has a dot-like black
spot on each side near the base. Borer short, thick, not flattened
at all, a little rounded at its end, of the color of the abdomen,
and covered with black hairs. Legs yellowish ; anterior femora
with black bristles on their under side ; the under side of the
middle and posterior femora with some black bristles only near
the tip, the bristles being shorter on the middle femora; the pos-
terior tibiae on their whole upper side are densely fringed with
rather long black bristles, which afford a very characteristic mark
of this species. Wings hyaline, with brown bands. The first of
these bands is the least regular, and runs from the transverse
humeral vein as far as the end of the anal cell, the posterior angle
of which is drawn out into a long point ; this anal cell, as well as
the basal cell lying before it, is brownish-yellow. The second
band, beginning with the short stigma, runs over the small trans-
verse vein, and, after crossing the discal cell, reaches the posterior
border, on which it is connected more or less distinctly with the
posterior end of the following band. The latter begins on the
costal border before the tip of the second longitudinal vein, and
after running over the posterior transverse vein in a straight direc-
tion, reaches the posterior border of the wing. Its anterior end is
perfectly connected with the last band, which seams the wing as
far as a little beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein. Be-
vween the second and third bands there is still a yellowish-brown
line drawn perpendicularly from the costal border to the third
longitudinal vein. Transverse veins straight; the small transverse
vein is a little beyond the middle of the discal cell.
Hab. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.)

7. T. insecta LOEW. £. (Tab. II, fig. 8.) — Thorace nigro, capite,
abdomine pedibusque luteis, alarum nigrarum incisuris marginalibus
guttulisque inter venarum longitudinaliurn tertiam et quartam tribus
vel quatuor pellucidis, vena longitudinal! tertia nuda, setis scutelli
duabus.

Thorax black ; head, abdomen, and legs luteous ; wings black, with limpid
incisions on the borders, and three or four limpid drops between the
third and fourth longitudinal veins ; third longitudinal vein bare ;
scutellum with two bristles. Long. corp. 0.14. Long. al. 0.14.

Of the group of the European Tryp. rotundiventris Fall. Head
dirty yellow. Front rather narrow, more so towards its anterior

TRYPETIDAE. 73

end ; frontal bristles brown ; the row of rather long bristles at
the posterior orbit whitish. Antennas yellowish, nearly as long
as the face. Cheeks descending only a little below the eyes.
Thorax and scutelluru black, the neighborhood of the coxa3 brown.
Hairs of the thorax short, pale yellowish, bristles brown. Scutel-
lum with two long brown bristles. Abdomen brownish-yellow ;
borer not quite so long as the two last segments united, much
broader at the base, broad and abrupt at the end, flattened, cou-
colorous with the abdomen. Legs yellow. Wings black, with
pellucid spots. On the costal border there is a small spot before
the transverse humeral vein ; a similar spot projecting a little from
the first longitudinal vein lies beyond the transverse humeral vein,
and a smaller one between it and the tip of the auxiliary vein ;
it is followed by two triangular spots of equal size, the first of
which is immediately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal
vein, and touches the third longitudinal vein at its junction with
the small transverse vein. On the posterior border of the wing
there are six clear excisions, the two first of which coalesce with
the grayish hyaline axillary angle of the wing ; the third reaches
the fifth longitudinal vein ; the fourth lying behind the tip of the
fifth longitudinal vein is more cloudy than the others, and goes
a little beyond the fifth longitudinal vein ; the fifth accompanies
the steep posterior transverse vein at its hind side, and reaches as
far as the fourth longitudinal vein ; the sixth has a more inclined
position and a sharper tip, with which it reaches the fifth longi-
tudinal vein. In the middle of the broad first posterior cell there
is a considerable hyaline drop ; a much smaller drop is seen at the
anterior side of the fourth longitudinal vein, in the middle of its
penultimate portion, and one or two hardly visible drops at the
antepenultimate portion of this vein. The second longitudinal vein
is slightly undulating, and diverges more than usually towards the
end from the third longitudinal vein ; the posterior angle of the
anal cell is drawn out into a prolonged point.
Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

74 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

S. T. palposa LOEW. £ • (Tab. II, fig. 9.) — Flava, abdomine punc-
torum nigrorum seriebus quatuor picto, alls hyalinis luteo-fasciatis, vena
longitudinal! tertia nuda.

Yellow, abdomen with four rows of black dots, wings hyaline with luteous
bands and the third longitudinal vein bare. Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27.
Long. al. 0.26.

It is nearly allied to Tryp. arctii Deg., lappce Cederli, etc.
Yellow; front brighter yellow, rather broad; frontal bristles black-
ish, the small bristles of the posterior orbit whitish. Antennas
yellow, descending a little beyond the middle of the face, their
third joint rather broad ; the bristle of the antennas apparently
bare, with the base slightly incrassated. Face a little receding,
excavated in the middle, so that the border of the mouth is pro-
jecting ; the furrows for the reception of the antennae rather flat.
Opening of the mouth very wide; proboscis thick and short; palpi
broad, rather large, with some small black bristles. Thorax with
a large glossy black spot in the middle of its anterior side ; its
upper side blackish, with the exception of the lateral and posterior
borders, and of a large triangular spot which rises from the poste-
rior border ; hairs whitish-yellow ; bristles blackish ; two of the
latter, inserted before the scutellum, are placed on larger black
dots, and two before them on smaller clots. Scutellum with four
bristles, yellow, only a little blackened at the base of the lateral
border. Metanotum black. Pleura? with some brown spots, and
above the posterior coxas with a small black spot. The third,
fourth, and fifth segments of the abdomen have each at its anterior
border four small black spots, the intermediate ones being more
approximated; the fifth segment is much prolonged, and has,
moreover, a black spot in each posterior corner. The rather coarse
hairs of the abdomen are yellowish on the first segments and the
anterior part of the middle ones, the remaining ones are black.
Legs yellow; anterior femora with black bristles on the under
side. The color of the picture of the wings is brownish-yellow in
my specimen, which is apparently a little faded ; it extends on the
costal border from the base to the tip of the first longitudinal vein,
and, on the first portion of this extent, reaches as far as the fourth
longitudinal vein, and on the second half as far as the third only.
From the tip of the first longitudinal vein a band runs over the
small transverse vein ; a second band runs from the costal border
over the posterior transverse vein ; these two bands become more

TRYPETIDAE. 75

obsolete towards the posterior border, and almost coalesce in its
neighborhood. The first of them is also connected with a stripe
which edges the fifth longitudinal vein. The edge of the tip of
the wing is perfectly connected with the second band, and reaches
a little beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein. The anal
cell is brownish-yellow. Transverse veins steep ; the small trans-
verse vein a little before the last third of the discal cell.
Hob. Northern Wisconsin. (Kennicott.)

9. T. SURTis LOEW. $ . (Tab. II, fig. 10.) — Pallide flava, unicolor,
alarum hyalinarum litura basalt fasciisque tribus nigricantibus in formam
literse S confluentibus, vena longitudinal! tertia nuda.

Pale yellow, unicolorous ; wings hyaline, with a blackish basal stripe and
three blackish bands confluent in an S-shaped mark ; third longitudinal
vein naked. Long. corp. 0.20. Long. al. 0.21.

Of this species, very conspicuous by the peculiar picture of its
wings, I unfortunately possess only one individual, much injured
in carrying. It is everywhere pale yellow, and its thorax and
scutellum have no trace of a paler picture. Hairs very short,
whitish-yellow on the upper side of the thorax, rather blackish
on the pleurae ; bristles all black. Scutellum with four bristles.
Wings hyaline ; the veins at the base of the wing yellowish ; a
blackish not very striking stripe runs from the tip of the basal
humeral vein to the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn
out into a point. The remainder of the picture of the wings con-
sists of three very broad, rather blackish bands ; the first runs from
the black stigma, widening gradually perpendicularly to near the
posterior border, where it is connected with the second, which rises
over the posterior transverse vein as far as the costal border, and
connects there completely with the third band which seams the tip
of the wing. The connection of the first and second bands is
somewhat interrupted by a clear incision reaching from the poste-
rior border a little into the discal cell. Above the end of this
incision there is another clear spot. Stigma small ; none of the
longitudinal veins unusually curved ; the small transverse vein is
somewhat before the middle of the discal cell and below the very tip
of the first longitudinal vein ; the posterior transverse vein is only
a little arcuated ; the two transverse veins are steep, not perfectly
perpendicular.

Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

76 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

1O. T. Ciligulata LOEW. $>. (Tab. II, fig. 11.)— Nigra, capite
pedibusque luteis, thoracis raargine laterali scutelloque flavis, margine
segmentorurn abdominaliuin singulorum postico albido, alarum hyali-
narum fasciis quatuor punctoque apicali nigris.

Black with the head and legs luteous, the lateral borders of the thorax
and the scutellum yellow, the posterior borders of the abdominal seg-
ments whitish ; wings hyaline with four bands and an apical dot black.
Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.20.

It belongs to the relationship of the European Tryp. cerasi
Linn. (= signata Meig.), a group which must not be confounded
with that of Tryp. solstitialis Linn., closely alike in its coloring.
Black. Head rather dark yellow, front brighter yellow, of middle
breadth, with rather long black bristles. Antennae reaching to a
little beyond the middle of the face, last joint rather narrow, and
with the anterior corner rather sharp. Face straight, descending,
with moderately deep furrows for the reception of the antennae ;
border of the mouth by no means prominent. Proboscis and palpi
short. Thorax black ; the humeral callosity and a longitudinal
stripe running from the latter to the base of the wing are bright
yellow. The bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the
yellow scutellum black ; the base and greatest part of the lateral
border of the latter black. Metanotum and abdomen glossy black,
the latter with broad whitish (perhaps more yellow in life) edges
of the posterior borders and black hairs. Borer exceedingly
short. Legs dark yellow; femora a little brownish at the base;
the anterior femora with small brown bristles on the under side;
the two posterior tibia? with short black bristles on the upper side.
Wings somewhat broad, especially in the neighborhood of the base,
with four black bands and a little black spot at the tip. The first
band runs from the basal humeral vein to the posterior angle of
the anal cell, which is drawn out into a point. The second is
broadest, running from the black stigma beyond the fifth longi-
tudinal vein, and ending abruptly in the middle between this vein
and the border of the wing. The third, which runs over the pos-
terior transverse vein, is also rather perpendicular, and completely
reaches the posterior border of the wing. The fourth band is
perfectly united with the third on the costal border, and reaches
the posterior border behind the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein,
so that it has a rather oblique position. The small apical spot

TRYPETIDAE. 77

includes the tip of the third longitudinal vein. Both transverse
veins are straight and perpendicular.
Jfab. Middle States. (Osteu-Sacken.)

11. T. polita LOEW. 9. (Tab. II, fig. 12.)— Atra, nitida, capite
pedibusque flavis, scutello tuniido, alarum albido-hyaliuarum macula
basali atra fasciisque tribus latissimis fusco-nigris.

Deep black, shining ; head and legs yellow, scutellum inflated ; wings
whitish-hyaline with a basal black spot and three very broad brownish-
black bauds. Long. corp. 0.25. Long. al. 0.17 — 0.18.

Belongs to the relationship of the European Tryp. Wiedemanni
Meig., the species of which chiefly agree in their inflated scutellum
and short wings, while they differ among each other much in the
structure of their face. Front bright yellow, beautifully yellowish-
brown above, considerably broad ; frontal bristles black. Antennas
yellowish, descending to the middle of the face, and having a black
bristle, the pubescence of which is exceedingly short and hardly
visible. Face whitish-yellow, a little receding, its middle rather
flat ; border of the mouth not prominent at all ; opening of the
mouth rather small ; proboscis and palpi short. The inferior part
of the occiput is whitish-yellow, the superior blackish. Thorax
rather convex, altogether glossy black, bare, but the broad lateral
stripes are bordered everywhere with a row of yellowish short
hairs, and the broad middle stripe is divided by a longitudinal row
of such hairs. Bristles black. Scutellum shining black, very con-
vex, as if inflated. Metanotum black, with an indistinct whitish
reflection. Pleurse shining black, with a few stiff yellowish hairs
and some black bristles. Abdomen black ; the hairs rather stiff,
whitish on the posterior part of the first segment ; on the second
and third segments they are black, except the hindmost ones of the
posterior border, which are whitish; on the two last segments they
all are whitish. Borer shining black, flattened, pointed, abundantly
as long as the abdomen, with very short black hairs. Legs dirty
fuscous-yellow; femora not much incrassated, the anterior ones
with a few black hairs on the under side. Wings short and rather
broad, having the transverse veins very approximated and perfectly
perpendicular; they are rather whitish, with very broad brownish-
black bands. Their innermost base is yellowish, then follows a
large triangular rather deep black spot, which reaches from the
costal border as far as the axillary incision of the wing, and only

78 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

little exceeds the basal cells. The two first black or brownish-
black bauds are united on the costal border, so as to form an
inverted Y; the second of them runs from the stigma over the
transverse veins, and has a more inclined position than the first ;
the isolated third band has a position similar to that of the second,
and seams the tip of the wing some distance beyond the tip of the
fourth longitudinal vein, without coalescing anywhere completely
with the border of the wing.

ffab. Mississippi. (Schauni.) Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — The Brazilian Urophora connexa Macq. (Dipt,
exot. Suppl. Ill, 64, Tab. VII, fig. 10) has the picture of the
wings rather similar to those of Tryp. polita. But being greenish-
black, and having the last band of the wings completely connected
with the preceding, and running straight on with the costal border,
but not reaching the tip of the third longitudinal vein, it is evi-
dently different from Tryp. polita.

12. T. sparsa WIED. £ and £. (Tab. II, fig. 13.)— Fusca, alis latis-
simis, rotundatis, nigris, albido-guttulatis et mavgine apicali albo ornatis.

Brown ; wings very broad and rounded, black with small drops, and the
apical border whitish. Long. corp. 0.27 — 0.30. Long. al. 0.26.

SYN. Trypeta sparsa WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 492.
Trypt'ta caliptera SAY, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, 187, 3.
Platystoma latipennis MACQUART, Dipt. exot. II, 3, 200. Tab. XXVI, fig. 8.
Acinia novseboracensis FITCH, First Rep. etc. 67.

Of a brownish-red, sometimes more brown color. Front broad,
brownish-yellow, frontal bristles black; the bristles of the poste-
rior orbit whitish-yellow. Antennas descending below the middle
of the face, their bristles with a short, but distinct- pubescence.
Face excavated in the middle, and marked with two large deep
black dots ; another small deep black spot is between the antenna
and the anterior angle of the eye. Eyes with three very distinct
transverse bands. Palpi dark brown, usually blackish at the tip ;
suctorial flaps a little prolonged. On the upper side of the thorax
there are usually two or three darker longitudinal lines, and a
broad dark-brown edge of the lateral border. The short hairs of
the thorax and scutellum are whitish-yellow, the bristles of both
black. Of the four bristles placed in the middle of the thorax, the
two first are near the transverse suture. Pleura above with whit-

TRYPETIDAE. 1 9

ish-yellow, below with black hairs, the bristles mixed among them
black. The abdomen usually bears two rows of large blackish
spots, of a rather quadrangular form, leaving between them a
brown middle streak, and not completely reaching the posterior
borders of the single segments ; sometimes they extend so much,
that only the posterior borders of the segments retain a paler color,
whereas the whole surface is blackish. Borer blackish-brown,
sometimes with a red spot on each side, a little pointed, rather flat;
its first segment is a little longer than the two last segments of the
abdomen taken together. The hairs of the abdomen are mostly
black, a few light ones being among them. Legs paler reddish-
brown, the anterior femora often partly blackened, with some black
bristles on the upper and under sides. Wings exceedingly broad,
with the uninterrupted whitish seam of the tip forming a narrow
crescent ; on their surface there are numerous clear drops rather
equally scattered, but totally wanting in that part of the black
color which adjoins the white crescent, as well as before the first
longitudinal vein. At the tip of the first longitudinal vein, a small,
clear, but little distinct stripe is seen. The small transverse vein
straight and perpendicular, the posterior one a little curved and
steep.

Hob. Northern Wisconsin. (Kennicott.)

Observation. — I possess a specimen, which is distinguished by its
much paler, almost dull testaceous color, its less enlarged wings
and the somewhat larger size of the clear drops, but as to the other
characters agrees so perfectly with the ordinary specimens of Tryp.
sparsa Wied. that I do not venture tp declare it a different species.

13. T. rotimdipeiinis LOEW. £ . (Tab. II, fig. 14.)— Fusca, alis
latissimis, rotundatis, nigris, albido-guttulatis et in marginibus ante-
riore et apicali maculas minutas albidas gerentibus.

Brown ; wings broad and rounded, black, with very small whitish drops
in the middle, and small whitish spots on the costal and apical borders.
Long. corp. 0.28. Long. al. 0.26.

Of this species I have only one specimen, which is unfortunately
so much injured in the journey as to prevent me from giving a
full description. However, as it is very nearly related to Tryp.
sparsa Wied., it will be recognized even from my incomplete de-
scription. The color is the same ; the wings are still shorter and
broader, especially the cell which lies before the first longitudinal

80 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

vein is much broader ; the third longitudinal vein is much more
undulated, and the last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein is
shorter than the posterior transverse vein, whereas it is a little
longer in Tryp. sparsa. None of the drops on the wings of Tryp.
sparsa is of a more considerable size than the others, whereas
Tryp. rotundipennis has such a drop between the third and fourth
longitudinal veins, opposite to the base of the discal cell ; the
drops are in general equally distributed in Tryp. sparsa, they
are much more irregularly grouped in Tryp . rotundipennis ; the
size and number of the drops diminishes a little from the base
towards the apex in Tryp. sparsa; their number only, not their size
diminishes in Tryp. rotundipennis ; their size increasing towards
the posterior border in Tryp. sparsa, this is not the case in Tryp.
rotundipennis. In Tryp. sparsa the white crescent seaming the
apex of the wing is entire, in Tryp. rotundipennis it is dissolved
into several spots. Finally, the anterior border of the wings of
Tryp. rotundipennis bears a row of small clear spots, whereas
Tryp. sparsa has no trace of them.
Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

14. T. clatlirata LOEW. 9. (Tab/II, fig. 15.)— Caua, capite pedi-
busque flavis, femoribus litura nigra signatis, alls rare reticulatis, stig-
mate atro albo-guttato, peristonrio modice producto, proboscide breviter
geniculata.

Whitish-gray ; head and legs yellow ; wings with a diffuse reticulation,
and the black stigma including a limpid drop ; oral border moderately
prolonged, proboscis shortly geniculated. Long. corp. 0.12 Long. al.
0.13.

Head yellowish ; the lateral borders of the front, the face, and
the much descending cheeks whitish. The bristles on the front
black, on the sides of the vertex and posterior orbit white. The
face with rather deep subantennal furrows prolonged to the oral
border, which is not very projecting. Antennae fulvous, rather
short ; the anterior corner of the third joint a little acute ; the
second joint with very short black hairs ; antennal bristle black
and moderately long, with the pubescence scarcely visible. Tho-
rax and scutellum whitish gray, with short pubescence and black
bristles. The scutellum bears four bristles, the two apical, ones
being much shorter and less stout than the lateral ones ; its tip is
sometimes yellow. The whitish-gray abdomen has two rows of very

TRYPETIDAE. 81

distinct black spots. The hair and even the bristles on the hind
border of the last segment are white. The flat ovipositor is glossy-
black, as long as the two last segments of the abdomen and mode-
rately tapering towards the tip. The legs and anterior coxae are
dark yellow, with white hairs ; the thighs with a blackish stripe
somewhat covered with whitish dust. Wings not very narrow, hya-
line, with the base very slightly yellowish ; their black reticulation
is not very dense and not very delicate, extending towards the base
of the wing as far as the base of the discal cell, and dissolving
towards the axillary angle into some scattered spots ; stigma black,
with a whitish dot; the middle and posterior transverse veins rather
approximate.

Hob. Middle States. (Osteu-Sacken.)

Observation. — The proboscis of this species being short with the
suctorial flaps but moderately prolonged, attention is to be paid to
its true place, which is among the species with a geniculated pro-
boscis.

15. T. lllimilis LOEW. £ . (Tab. II, fig. 17.) — Cinerea, capite pedi-
busque flavis, femoribus nigris, alis rare reticulatis, stigmate atro non
guttato, peristoniio valde producto, proboscide geniculata.

Cinereous ; head and legs yellow, with the femora black ; reticulation of
the wings diffuse, and the black stigma including no limpid drop ; oral
border much prolonged ; proboscis geniculated. Long. corp. 0.09. Long,
al. 0.1.

Among the kindred of the European Tryp. elongatula Loew,
but in its habit more resembling Tryp. absinthii Fabr. Head
yellow, considerably prolonged anteriorly. Front yellow, dis-
tinctly margined with white at the orbit ; frontal bristles black.
Face excavated with the anterior border of the mouth much pro-
longed. Antennae bright yellow, proportionately large and broad,
reaching as far as the prolonged border of the mouth ; the ante-
rior corner of the third joint a little pointed ; the second joint with
very short black hairs ; antennal bristles very long, black, with a
very short and hardly visible pubescence. Thorax and scutellum
yellowish ashy-gray with short whitish-yellow hairs and black
bristles. In the middle of the thorax there are four bristles, the
two foremost being very near the suture. Scutellum with only two
long bristles rather distant from the tip and not close by its lateral
border. Metanotum black with grayish pollen. Abdomen ashy-
6

82 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

gray with two rows of rather large blackish spots. Its hairs are
whitish yellow ; some black bristles on the posterior border of
the prolonged last segment. Tip of the first joint and the second
joint of the coxaa rather dark yellow. Femora brownish-black,
with dark yellow tips. Tibiaa and tarsi dark yellow. Wings pro-
portionately rather long and narrow. Their reticulation is black,
rather diffuse and coarse ; the base of the wing as far as the base
of the discal cell has no reticulation. The black stigma includes
no clear dot. Moreover, the reticulation of the wings is somewhat
variable. Transverse veins rather near each other.

Hab. Cuba. (Poey.)

Observation. — I have a female likewise captured in Cuba, which, ,
I think, belongs to the present species. It resembles the male in
everything but the femora, which are darkened to a much smaller
extent, and not with black, but brown. The borer is black, flat,
about as long as the two last segments of the abdomen taken
together.

16. T. soliclaginis FITCH. £ and ?. (Tab. II, fig. 16.)— Rufo
ferruginea, capite pedibusque flavioribus, fronte latissima, setis scutelli
valde convex! duabus, alis fusco-reticulatis, incisuris una anteriore,
duabus posterioribus apiceque hyaliuis, parcissime fusco-maculatis.

Brownish-ferruginous with the head and legs more yellow ; front very
broad; scutellum very convex with two bristles. Wings reticulated
with fuscous having one limpid space at the costa and two at the
posterior border scarcely dotted with fuscous. Long. corp. 0.26. Long.
al. 0.26.

SYN. Acinia solidaginis FITCH. First Rep. 66.

This remarkable species, which, according to Mr. Fitch, produces
round galls on the stems of Solidago,has no near relations among the
European Trypetce. In consequence of the extraordinary breadth
of its front, the breadth and convexity of its thorax, and the in-
flation of its large scutellum, it has the appearance of a large
Lipara. It is brownish ferruginous. Head more yellow, face
almost whitish. The bristles of the unusually broad front are
black, smaller and weaker than in most other species, so that one
might easily be tempted to refer the species to the Ortalidce, if the
structure of the auxiliary vein did not prove that it belongs here.
Face deepened in the middle, prominent again underneath. An-
tennae yellow, short and broad, the third joint having a rather dis-

TRYPETIPAE. 83

tinct, but not sharp anterior corner ; bristle of the antennae with a
hardly visible pubescence. Opening of the mouth very wide ;
palpi and proboscis short. Thorax very convex and broad ; on its
upper side in the middle usually a double stripe ending abruptly
behind, the posterior part of the lateral stripe and a longitudinal
streak above the base of each wing, black. The short hairs of
the thorax are whitish yellow, its delicate bristles black. Scutel-
lum very convex, quite blunt; the posterior pair of bristles which
in most species exists at the tip, is here always wanting so that
there is only one bristle on each side near the lateral border ; a
second weaker bristle is seldom inserted immediately beside it.
Abdomen broad, especially in the male, which has also the last
segment a little prolonged and rounded. Borer of the female a
little longer than the two last segments taken together, moderately
broad, and quite flat, red, blackened at its extremity. Legs rather
dirty yellow, femora more brownish. Wings rather large and of
more equal breadth than usual. The reticulation of the wings is
almost umber brown with small pale brownish drops and hyaline
marginal spots very rarely dotted with brown ; the first of these
spots is triangular and extends from the posterior border to inside
of the discal cells ; the second is much smaller, but also of tri-
angular form, and reaches with its tip to the fourth longitudinal
vein ; the third forms a margin along the apex of the wing, reach-
ing from the tip of the second longitudinal vein to the tip of the
fourth longitudinal vein ; the last spot forms a small oblique tri-
angle extending from the costal border to the third longitudinal
vein, and lying immediately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal
vein. A costal spine does not exist. The first longitudinal vein
is more hairy than bristly; the transverse veins are perpendicular;
the small transverse vein is almost at the end of the second third
of the discal cell ; the hind angle of the anal cell has only a short
point.

Hab. New York. (Dr. Fitch.) Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — This species has so many peculiarities, that it
might easily be considered as the type of a new genus. The broad
front, broad and convex thorax, a scutellum having only two bris-
tles, the first longitudinal vein alone being hairy, and the absence
of the costal spine, would be its most essential characters.

84 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

17. T. seriata LOEW. £ . (Tab. II, fig. 18.) — Flava, alis concoloribus,
per maculas minntas nigricantes, seriatim dispositas, reticulatis et nigro-
limbatis.

Yellow ; wings of the same color, margined with black and reticulated
with small blackish spots, arranged in longitudinal rows. Long. corp.
0.24. Long. al. 0.26—0.27.

Rather bright yellow, quite unicolorous, the hairs and bristles
also yellow, the latter, however, appearing brown when seen in
n certain light. Front rather broad. Face descending rather
straight, strongly excavated, however, in its middle. Proboscis
short ; palpi rather broad and short. Scutellum with four bristles.
The wings are proportionately long, and of very equal breadth.
Their yellow ground color is rather obsolete in the middle line of
the cells and on the posterior border. The reticulation of the
greater part of the wings is effected by blackish angular specks
arranged in two rows between each two veins ; only the axillary
angle has a connected blackish-gray reticulation formed by clear
drops. Immediately before the tip of the auxiliary vein begins the
black margin of the wing, which encompasses the apex and pro-
ceeds to the axillary angle, growing gradually paler in its progress,
and meeting several interruptions ; the most remarkable of these
interruptions are a rather hyaline spot immediately beyond the
tip of the first longitudinal vein, and a row of similar round spots
along the posterior border, the two first of which in the second
posterior cell, the following more frequent towards the axillary
angle. The third longitudinal vein bears very distinct bristles
from its base as far as the small transverse vein. The small trans-
verse vein is nearly at the end of the second third of the discal
cell. The posterior transverse vein is not cjuite perpendicular.
The hind angle of the anal cell is prolonged into a moderately
long point.

Hob, Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

IS. T. Solaris LOEW. 9 . (Tab. II, fig. 19.)— Cana, capite pedibusque
luteis. puncto humeral! et altero ante alarum basim flavis, alis albohya-
linis, macula magna subapicali nigra, biguttata et radios octo emittente,
ornatis.

Whitish gray ; head and legs luteous, a dot on the shoulder and another
before the base of the wings yellow ; wings whitish hyaline, with a sub-

TRYPETIDAE. 85

apical black spot including two limpid drops and emitting eight rays to
the border of the wing. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. O.lfJ — 0.17.

One of the group of the European T. stellata Fuessl., cometa
Loevv, gnaphalii Loew, etc., and very much resembling these
species. Head yellow; front rather broad; frontal bristles black-
ish ; the bristles of the posterior orbit whitish. Front a little
prominent, face slightly receding and a little excavated in the
middle, so that the borer of the mouth projects again. Antennae
rather broad, reaching down to beyond the middle of the face, with
the bristle having a very short, hardly visible pubescence. Open-
ing of the mouth very large ; proboscis and palpi short. Thorax
whitish-gray with a pale yellow dot at the shoulder angle, and a
second immediately before the base of the wing. The short hairs
of the upper side of the thorax are whitish, the bristles blackish ;
of the four bristles in its middle, the first pair is very near the
suture. Scutellum with only two long bristles. Abdomen whitish-
gray at the base, more ashy gray towards the end, with short,
whitish-yellow hairs, the hind border of the last segment having
black bristles. Borer shining black, flat, tapering towards the
end, nearly as long as the three last abdominal segments taken
together, with black hairs. Legs dark-yellow. Wings whitish
hyaline before the tips, with a large radiating spot, incumbent to
the costal border ; this black spot includes two clear drops, one
of which on the costal border immediately behind the tip of the
second longitudinal vein, the second between the two transverse
veins at the anterior side of the fourth longitudinal vein. The
first ray runs from the anterior end of the small transverse vein to
the stigma, in which it vanishes ; the second is shorter and reaches
the costal border between the tip of the first longitudinal vein and
the black spot itself; the third and fourth rays run to the tip of
the wing, reaching it at the tips of the third and fourth longitu-
dinal veins ; the fifth and sixth cross the second posterior cell ; the
seventh includes the posterior transverse vein and reaches the pos-
terior border of the wing, whereas the eighth reaches only to the
fifth longitudinal vein. The small transverse vein lies outside of
the black spot ; yet in its whole neighborhood the surface of the
wing is brownish, and a small gray spot lies immediately before it.
Transverse veins approximated, perpendicular ; the small trans-
verse vein rather far beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Hob. Georgia. (Osten-Sacken.)

86 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

19. T. aequalis LOEW. ^ . (Tab. II, fig. 20.) — Flava, unicolor, alis
sequaliter fusco-reticulatis, guttis hyalinis plerisque majoribus.

Yellow, unicolored, with the brown reticulation of the wings very uniform
and most of the limpid drops of considerable size. Long. corp. 0.22—
0.23. Long. al. 0.23.

Totally yellow, also the hairs and bristles, only the anterior
frontal bristles and those at the hind border of the last abdominal
segment being brownish. . Front rather broad and short. Face
descending nearly straight, excavated a little above ; the border
of the mouth not projecting. Antenna yellow, slightly descend-
ing beyond the middle of the face, third joint rather narrow, bristle
with an extremely short, hardly visible pubescence. Opening of
the mouth small, a little prolonged anteriorly, so that its form is
almost triangular. Proboscis and palpi of middle size. The first
pair of the bristles inserted in the middle of the thorax, is very
near the transverse suture. Scutellum with four bristles. Legs a
little more slender than usual, tarsi longer; anterior femora rather
thick, with remarkable, pale yellowish bristles on the under side.
Wings of rather equal breadth, hyaline with a brownish reticulation
of unusual uniformity. Most of the drops forming it are rather
large ; those on the costal border are more oblong, and separated
by short blackish-brown rays ; the color of the reticulation near
the border of the wings is considerably darker than in the middle
of the wing. The small transverse vein lies far beyond the tip of
the first longitudinal vein, and a little beyond the third fourth of
the discal cell ; the posterior transverse vein is a little oblique.

Hob. Illinois. (Kennicott.)

20. T. f estiva LOEW. ^ and 9. (Tab. II, fig. 21.) — Flava, unicolor,
terebra fceminje valcle elongata fusca, alis hyalinis insequaliter reticulatis,
in apice radiatis, pictura in basi et disco flavescente, prope marginem an-
ticum et in triente alarum apicali nigro-fusca.

Yellow, unicolored ; the borer of the female brown and very prolonged ;
reticulation of the wings unequal, radiated in the apex, yellowish at the
base and in the disk, dark fuscous near the borders and on the apical
third of the wing. Long. corp. $ 0.17—0.18, J 0.20—0.23. Long,
al. 0.22.

Rather bright yellow ; hairs and bristles almost all of the same
color, only the anterior frontal bristles as well as the bristles of

TRYPETIDAE. 81

the hind border of the last abdominal segment brownish, and the
short hairs in the middle of the abdomen mostly blackish. Front
of middle breadth. Face rather narrow, descending almost per-
pendicularly, slightly excavated ; border of the mouth not promi-
nent. Antennae yellow, reaching a little beyond the middle of the
face ; the third joint not broad, with the bristle having a very short,
hardly visible pubescence. Opening of the mouth rather large,
raised a little anteriorly. Proboscis and palpi of middle size.
Cheeks descending a little beneath the eyes. The foremost of the
two pairs of bristles inserted in the middle of the thorax is close
by the transverse suture. Scutellum with four bristles. Abdo-
men sometimes brownish-tawny, leaving the hind borders of the
segments paler ; this color seems to result from desiccation, since in
some individuals the abdomen is uniformly yellow. The borer is
conical, narrow, not flattened, nearly as long as the four last ab-
dominal segments taken together, blackish-brown in well-colored
individuals, red with black extremity in more recent individuals.
Wings hyaline, the reticulation being blackish-brown, paler and
yellowish-brown near the base and in the middle of the wing. In
the middle of the wing there are only a few drops of considerable
size, four of which are remarkable for their regular position and a
more whitish appearance ; one of these drops is above, the second
before, the third behind the small transverse vein, the fourth in the
discal cell nearly before the posterior transverse vein. The reticu-
lation sends the following blackish-brown rays to the border of the
wing : 1. A narrow one to the middle of the exterior cbstal cell ;
2. A narrow one to the tip of the auxiliary vein ; 3. A broader
one, the end of which is sometimes separated as a spot, to the
middle of the stigma, and another being sometimes confluent with
it, to the end of the first longitudinal vein ; 4. A narrow one
rising from the first of the four drops enumerated above; 5. A
very broad one reaching the border of the wing between the fore-
going ray and the tip of the second longitudinal vein ; 6. A ray
running to the tip of the second longitudinal vein ; 7. A ray end-
ing between the tips of the second and third longitudinal veins ;
8 and 9. Two rays running to the tips of the third and fourth
longitudinal veins ; 10 and 11. Two rays crossing the second pos-
terior cell, the second of which joins the reticulation, which is
formed by a few large drops, and fills the hind part of the wing as
far as the axillary incision. Small transverse vein a little inclined

88 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

exteriorly, placed at the end of the second third of the discal cell ;
posterior transverse vein steep.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

21. T.liellaLoEW. -fcand?. (Tab. II, fig. 23.)— Flavo-cinerea, capite,
pedibus abdomineque luteis, hoc apicem versus nigricante, alis nigro-
reticulatis, in apice radiatis, guttis disci paucissimis, pone venulam
transversam nulla.

Yellowish gray ; head, legs, and abdomen yellow, the latter blackened
towards the end ; reticulation of the wings radiating at the apex, black,
with very few drops in the middle ; no drops at all beyond the small
transverse vein. Long. corp. £ 0.12 — 0.13. J 0.13 — 0.15. Long. al.
0.11—0.12.

Head rather pale yellow, front and antennas sometimes darker,
the former being of middle breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly.
Face rather narrow, nearly perpendicular, slightly excavated, the
anterior border of the mouth again projecting a little. Antennas
yellow, reaching to nearly the border of the mouth; the third joint
somewhat broad, with the bristle having an extremely short, hardly
visible pubescence. Opening of the mouth very large, a little raised
anteriorly. Proboscis and palpi rather large. Cheeks descending
a little beneath the eyes. Thorax yellowish-gray. Scutellurn of
the same color, pale yellow at the tip, to a larger or smaller
extent, with four bristles. Metanotnm black, but dark gray from
its being dusted with paler. Abdomen dark yellow, black towards
the extremity ; well preserved specimens show distinctly that this
black color is produced by each of the last segments having two
large blackish spots, which leave an intermediate streak, and the
posterior border yellow; in most specimens these black spots are
not distinct, or only the hind borders of the last segments are
paler. Borer black, rather broad, narrower towards the end, flat,
little longer than the two last segments taken together. Legs
yellow. Hairs of the whole body and all bristles yellowish, only
the very short hairs of the borer being black. The reticulation of
the wings is blackish-brown, leaving only the innermost base of
the wing free, with the exception that it has some blackish spots.
In the middle of the wing there are so few clear drops, that the
black color is not only continuous, but also occupies most part of
the surface ; in the sub-marginal cell there is only one clear drop,
near the hind side of the second longitudinal vein and a little beyond
the small transverse vein. Between the third and fourth longitu-

TRYPETIDAE. 89

dinal veins there is only a single clear drop on the anterior side of
the antepenultimate portion of the fourth longitudinal vein. The
want of that drop which is usually inside of the said interval be-
yond the small transverse vein, is very characteristic of this species,
as is also the considerable depth and blacker color of the convexity
existing there. In the discal cell there is always one drop on the
hind side of the penultimate portion of the fourth longitudinal
vein, and one or more such drops on the anterior side of the
fifth longitudinal vein. The third posterior cell and the axillary
angle of the wing have a reticulation produced by a few, propor-
tionately large, hyaline drops. The reticulation of the wings
emits ten rays to the borders, corresponding to those of Tryp.
festiva, except that the first ray of the latter species is wanting
totally in Tryp. bella, and the two rays described under No. 3 in
Tryp. festiva are reunited into one single ray in Tryp. bella ; the
last ray in Tryp. bella is usually connected again with the remain-
ing reticulation ; in this case the second posterior cell also con-
tains a separated clear drop. Posterior transverse vein not quite
perpendicular.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken). New York. (Dr. Fitch.)
Observation. — Among the specimens forwarded by Baron Osten-
Sacken there was one bearing the name of Acinia bella Fitch. I
have therefore adopted this name for this fine new species.
J^fote. — Very common on Ambrosia artemisicefolia. — 0. S.

22. T. latifrons LOEW. 9 . (Tab. II, fig. 22.)— Obscura, capite, tibiis
tarsisque flavescentibus, fronte latissima, scutello convexo biseto, alis
latiusculis, parce et satis sequaliter nigro-fusco reticulatis et in apice
breviter radiatis, bulla cellula posterioris primse permagna.

Obscure ; head, tibiae, and tarsi yellowish ; front very broad ; scutellum
very convex, with two bristles ; wings rather broad, with the blackish
reticulation rather uniform, but little crowded, and emitting short rays
at the tip ; the first posterior cell with a very large convexity. Long,
corp. 0.30. Long. al. 0.27.

The single specimen of this species which I have seen being oily,
I can say nothing certain about the color of its body. On the upper
side of the thorax there is a broad, simple intermediate stripe, and
on each side a bipartite lateral one, moreover a darker streak above
the base of the wing. Metanotum black, shining. The last abdo-
minal segment shining blackish-brown. Head yellowish ; front

90 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

*

exceedingly broad; frontal bristles black; on the lateral border
there are only two, bent anteriorly. Face perpendicular, deeply
excavated in the middle, gradually projecting again below. An-
tennae yellowish, short, very broad, the third joint having a distinct,
though not sharp anterior corner, the bristle with an exceedingly
short pubescence. Cheeks rather broad. Opening of the mouth
large; proboscis short; palpi very broad and projecting much
over the border of the mouth. The short hairs of the thorax are
whitish-yellow, the bristles black ; the anterior one of the two pairs
of bristles inserted in the middle of the thorax is very near to the
suture. Scutellum very convex, with only two bristles. Borer
shining black, a little longer than the three last abdominal seg-
ments taken together, conical, not flattened at all, a little inflated
at the basal half. Femora almost black at the base, further on
brown, yellow at the tip; tarsi and tibiae yellow, the latter brown-
ish-yellow towards the base. Wings rather broad, covered entirely
with a black reticulation ; the drops in it are more numerous,
larger, and hyaline on the borders of the wings, much more scarce,
smaller, and mostly yellowish-brown in their middle. There are
eight short, blackish-brown rays on the portion of the costal bor-
der lying beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein and at the
tip of the wing. Between the third and fourth longitudinal veins
there is only a single hyaline drop before the small transverse vein.
Transverse veins perpendicular; the convexity of the first posterior
cell very large and deep, rendering thereby its surroundings rather
uneven.

Hob. Carolina. (Zimmermann.)

T. melaiiogastra LOEW. $ and £ . (Tab. II, fig. 23.)— Flavo-
cinerea, abdomine nigro, capite pedibusque flavis, alis hyalinis, nigro-
reticulatis et in apice breviter radiatis, guttis disci paucissiinis, bulla
cellulse posterioris primse minima, scutello biseto.

Yellowish-gray; abdomen black, head and legs yellow; wings hyaline
with a black reticulation, short apical rays, few discal limpid drops, and
a small convexity in the first posterior cell ; scutellum with two bristles.
Long. corp. £ 0.09— 9 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

Yellowish-gray, with a black abdomen. Head yellow; front
bright yellow, of middle breadth ; frontal bristles brown, but ap-
pearing yellow in a reflected light. Face rather narrow, descend-
ing straight, excavated in the middle, gradually projecting again

TRYPETIDAE. 91

beneath. Antennae yellowish, rather broad, with the third joint
having a distinct anterior corner, and the bristle with a short,
hardly visible pubescence. Eyes almost round. Cheeks narrow.
Opening of the mouth large ; proboscis and palpi short. The
short hairs of the thorax pale yellowish, the bristles brownish; the
first of the two pairs of bristles in the middle of the thorax very
near the transverse suture. Scutellum of the color of the thorax,
but usually yellow at the tip, with two bristles. Abdomen and
metanotum black, rather glossy; the short and scattered hairs of
the former pale yellowish. Borer flat, shining black, nearly as
long as the abdomen. Legs yellow. Wings hyaline, with the
reticulation blackish and a little interrupted, leaving only the
innermost base of the wing free. The following hyaline spots
produce the reticulation on the borders of the wing : one before
the tip of the auxiliary vein; two between the tips of the first and
second longitudinal veins, and sometimes a drop immediately before
the tip of the second longitudinal vein, five oblong incisions limit-
ing the four rays emitted to the tip of the wing ; a clear drop
touching the border beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein,
often confluent with a drop lying immediately above it, and forming
thereby an incision ; three drops between the tips of the fifth and
sixth longitudinal veins, the intermediate of which is the largest ;
a drop immediately before the tip of the sixth longitudinal vein,
and one in the axillary angle. On the middle of the wing there
are the following rather large clear drops : one on the hind side of
the second longitudinal vein, a little beyond the small transverse
vein; the others on the anterior side of the fourth longitudinal
vein, one being before, the other behind the small transverse vein;
one on the anterior side of the fifth longitudinal vein, and a little
before the small transverse vein, having sometimes a small drop on
each side ; a very large drop in the middle of the third posterior
cell, and a very minute one at the innermost base of this cell.
Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

APPENDIX I.

I give here as an appendix a translation of Wiedemann's descrip-
tions of four species, which I have formerly seen, but have not
before me at present.

92 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. T. liclitensteinii WIED. (Auss. Zweifl. II, 497, 31.) £ . (Tab.
II, fig. 25.)

Clay-colored ; wings with, the tip, a square spot on the hind border, an
oblique band and some dots, brown. Long. corp. 0.2.

Front and antennae rather bright yellow, all the other parts
more or less honey-yellow, turning to clay color on the thorax.
The fuscous color of the apex of the wing extends farther along
the anterior than on the posterior border, and forms a little tooth
on the fourth longitudinal vein ; a large square fuscous spot is
situated on the hind border, and includes the posterior transverse
vein. Between this spot and the brown apex there is a triangular
almost hyaline space, having a very limpid drop in each corner,
and including a small fuscous spot on the hind border of the wing.
The anterior corner of the square fuscous spot is connected with
the stigma by an oblique fuscous band, including the small trans-
verse vein ; there are besides a small fuscous dot above the fifth
longitudinal vein, and another slightly larger below this vein, and
also a brown margin of the small basal transverse veins ; some
pure limpid drops of a rather large size are seen near the borders
of the larger brown spots.

Hah. Mexico.

Observation. — The bristle of the antennae is thickened near the
base in a striking and peculiar manner. In each of the sinuses of
the large hyaline spots of the wing there is a large whitish drop,
not a clear one, as Wiedemann states.

2. T. scutellaris WIED. (Auss. Zweifl. II, 484, 13.) £ and £.

(Tab. II, figs. 26, 27.)

Thorax with the lateral border spotted with black ; scutellum polished,
brown with a reddish stripe ; abdomen marked with blackish-brown
bands ; wings with brown bauds and spots. Long. corp. 0.26.

Antenna pale ochreous ; front isabella-colored, with the upper
part gray. Middle of the thorax grayish, with two darker stripes
and some little dots. Scutellum polished, with the lateral borders
dark brown and the middle reddish. Abdomen very pale gray at
the base, with a fuscous band, a little interrupted in its middle ;
the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments each with a similar
band at the base, but more interrupted in the middle and attenuated

TRYPETIDAE. 93

towards the sides. Ovipositor broad, red on each side of the base,
the remainder gray, with the tip fuscous. Wings with a brown
band running over the basal transverse veins, but not attaining the
posterior border; and with a complete band before the middle
transverse vein, emitting another oblique band which crosses the
two transverse veins and runs to the posterior border. Tip of the
wing brown. The costal portion of the space, included by the
second band and the brown of the tip, is tinged with brown on
its basal half, whereas its apical half is yellow and spotted with
brown before a small hyaline margin of the brown apex ; one of
the brown spots in the yellow half reaches the third longitudinal
vein.

Hal). Mexico.

Observation. — The number and size of the black spots on the
lateral border of the thorax is rather variable. In the female the
abdomen has alternately gray and black bands ; in the male only
the two last segments of the abdomen are shining black, with the
exception of the posterior borders. I am not sure whether this
species is a real Trypeta, several characters seeming to prove that
it belongs to Ortalis. Many years have elapsed since I have seen
it ; besides, at that time I was not quite certain about the true
limit between the Trypetid<z and Ortalidce.

3. T. comma WIED. (Auss. Zweifl. II, 478, 4.) £ . (Tab. II, fig.
28.)

Of a pale brick color ; thorax with yellowish hair ; wings fuscous, with a
limpid costal triangle, including a fuscous comma. Long. corp. 0.23.

Antennae of a light clay color, with the third joint very short.
Face of a very pale, front of a more saturated clay color. Thorax
with yellowish hair. Scutellum and pleura? brownish-red. Abdo-
men a little paler. Ovipositor polished, with the extremity of the
tip black. Wings fuscous, with numerous lighter little dots, grow-
ing almost hyaline towards the hind border. There is beyond the
middle of the costa a triangular limpid excision, including a central
fuscous comma, reaching from the costa to the first longitudinal
vein ; the tip of the wing is, in an almost imperceptible manner,
margined interruptedly with hyaline. Poisers yellow, with the
knob brown. Legs reddish-ochrcous, tarsi paler.

Hob. Kentucky.

94 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Note. — Judging by the character of the picture and the vena-
tion of the wings, this species seems to have some relation to T.
solidayinis Fjtch. [I possess specimens from Maryland which
answer this description, except that the abdomen is brown, and
that there is an elongated hyaline spot at the tip of the sixth
longitudinal vein. Macquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 229) had
evidently a similar specimen before him, and took it for Trypeta
comma. I incline to believe that he was right. — 0. S.]

4. T. Clllta WIED. (Auss. Zweifl. II, 486, 1C.) £. (Tab. II, fig.
29.)

Pale reddish-yellow ; wings brownish-yellow, marked with limpid drops
and a black dot towards the tip, the borders being limpid and radiated
with brownish-yello^f. Long. corp. 0.3.

Antennae brownish-yellow, with the third joint very short. Face
yellowish, very polished, with three black dots. Front ochreous,
on each side with a deep black dot near the antennas. Eyes golden-
green, speckled with purplish. Thorax almost brownish-yellow,
with indistinct darker stripes. Scutellum polished, with two black
dots at the tip. Abdomen ochreous, with bristly hairs and indis-
tinct fuscous spots. Wings shining, clay colored on the disk, from
which several clay-colored rays, margined with brown, run to the
borders of the wing; on the disk there are several limpid drops
encircled with black, and some brown spots appearing violet in a
certain light, and farther towards the apex there is an impressed
black dot ; on the posterior border, towards the base, some limpid
drops may be seen. The costa has two or three small bristles at
the end of the auxiliary vein.

Hob. Savannah.

APPENDIX II.

In order to complete this paper on N. A. Trypetidx, it has been deemed
useful to reproduce the descriptions of the species of this family found in
former authors, but as yet not identified by Mr. Loew. As four of the
descriptions of this category are already presented by Mr. Loew in the
first appendix, I give here the remaining, according to the list of species
on p. 61. Four species only from Jamaica, described by Mr. Walker, have
been omitteda as their descriptions, published in English, will always be
easily accessible to those desirous to extend their collections to the West

TRYPETIDAE. 95

•

Indian Islands. (These species are : T. acidusa Walk., List of Dipt. Brit.
Mus., vol. iv. p. 1014 ; T. ocresia, ibid. p. 1016 ; T. avala, ibid. p. 1020 ;
T. dinia, ibid. p. 1040.) The descriptions published in foreign languages
I have translated into English ; all measurements have been reduced to
tenths of an inch. 0. S.

5. T. fwcata FABR. (Syst. Antl. 321, 24. Ent. Syst. IV, 359, 194.)

Musca antennis setariis, cinerea, ano testaceo, alis fuscis, albo
punctatis.

Hob. In Americse meridionalis insulis. Dr. Pflug.

Corpus parvum, cinereum, ano solo testaceo ; alse fuscas, punctis
numerosissimis albis. Oculi virides.

Antennae with a bristle, body cinerous, anus testaceous, wings
brown, spotted with white. (Islands of South America.)

Body small, cinerous, the anus alone testaceous; wings brown,
with numerous white dots; eyes green.

(This is taken from Entom. Syst. ; the description in Syst. Antl.
is still shorter.)

6. T. narytia WALK. $. (Walk. List. etc. IV, p. 1020.)— Fusca,
cinereo tecta, capite fulvo, abdomine piceo, basi fulvo, palpis antennis,
pedibusque fulvis, alis limpidis, fusco quadrifasciatis. Long. corp. 0.1.
Long. al. about 0.2.

Body brown, thinly clothed with short black hairs; head and
chest beset with very few black bristles ; head tawny, adorned with
white bloom, which occupies only the sides of the crown ; sides of
the face without bristles ; epistoma not prominent ; eyes red ; fore-
part slightly convex, its facets a little larger than those else-
where ; sucker black, clothed with tawny hairs ; palpi tawny ;
feelers tawny, shorter than the face ; third joint downy, nearly
conical, rather more than twice the length of the second, slightly
angular on the upper side of the tip ; bristle black, bare, tawny
and stout at the base, rather more than twice the length of the
third joint ; chest covered with gray bloom ; abdomen pitchy,
shining, spindle-shaped, tawny at the base, much longer and a little
narrower than the chest ; legs tawny, clothed with short black
hairs ; claws black ; wings colorless, adorned with four black
bands ; the first, second and fourth bands extend but little below
the fore border; the third attains the hind border and includes the
two cross veins ; wing-ribs and veins tawny, the latter dark to-
wards the tips, and in the dark parts of the wing ; the distance

96 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

between the cross-veins is less than the length of the middle cross-
vein ; poisers tawny.

Hob. Florida. (Mr. Doubleday.)

*•
7. T. mevarna WALK. 9. (Walk. List. etc. IV, p. 1023.)— Fusca,

cinereo tecta, abdomine basi cinereo, apice nigro, palpis, anteunis, pedi-

busque fulvis, alls albis apice fusco radiatis. Long. corp. 0.13. Long.

alar. 0.25.

Body dark tawny, thinly clothed with tawny hairs, covered with
gray bloom, which has a tawny tinge on the breast ; head tawny ;
sides of the face without bristles ; epistoma not prominent ; eyes
brassy, adorned with green and purple ; forepart rather flat, its
facets larger than those elsewhere ; sucker tawny, clothed with
tawny hairs ; palpi tawny, beset with tawny bristles ; feelers tawny,
a little shorter than the face ; third joint nearly linear, downy,
very slightly rising on the upper side at the tip, which is trun-
cated, full twice the length of the second joint ; bristle black,
tawny and rather thick at the base, rather more than twice the
length of the third joint; abdomen obcouical, tawny, gray at the
base, black and tapering towards the tip, much longer than the
chest ; legs tawny, clothed with short black hairs ; claws black ;
wings white, adorned near the tip with a large brown spot, which
is darkest along the foreborder, and sends forth nine rays from its
paler part; it includes two distinct white dots, and along the
border are others incomplete ; it has a tawny tinge above the
middle cross-vein, which is separated from the lower cross-vein by
very little less than the length of the latter ; both are perpendicu-
lar ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black, tawny towards the base ;
poisers tawny.

Hal. Florida. (Mr. Doubleday.)

S. T. mexicana WIED. £ . (Auss. Zw. II, 511.) — Fuscano grisea ;
pedibus luteis ; alis brunneis, basi guttisque maximam parteni margina-
libus limpidis. Loug. corp. 0.09.

Antenna reddish yellow ; face paler ; front of a more intense
yellowish red; mesothorax brownish-gray; abdomen more blackish-
gray, distinctly pubescent with yellow ; bases of the wing hyaline,
only with two brown streaks between the costa and the next
vein ; the remainder of the wing, about three-fourths of it, of a
saturated brown ; the anterior border with two pairs of obliquely

»

TRYPETIDAE. 97

elongated limpid drops ; a somewhat larger one at the tip of the
wing ; eight or nine drops on the posterior border, two of which
are larger than the others ; three drops in a longitudinal row be-
tween the third and fourth, and several larger and smaller drops
between the fourth and fifth veins; legs bright honey-yellow.
Nab, Mexico. (Berlin Museum.)

9. T. scutellata WIED. £. (Auss. Zw. II, 494.)— Fusca, scutello
rubido ; alls extrema basi, fasciis, punctisque binis fasciaque anteapicali
eluta fuscis. Long. corp. 0.26.

Body rather slender. Head broader than the thorax. Last
joint of antennae elongated, linear. Antennas and hypostoma
somewhat reddish yellow. Front brownish-red. Body of a shade
of brown which holds the middle between the color of chocolate
and that of cloves. Thorax with a grayish reflection. Shoulders,
scutellum and occiput somewhat pa,le reddish-yellow. Abdomen
narrow, incisions and a longitudinal line, at least beyond the middle,
somewhat whitish. Wing with two bands at the root ; the anterior
one is broader and somewhat curved, the posterior one is narrowed
and more straight, running over the usual cross-vein ; both are
entire and have the middle cross-vein between them. Before the
tip of the wing, which is white, there is a somewhat obsolete band;
before this band is a transverse streak and still more internally,
between the third and fourth vein, a brown dot. Legs brown,
femora in part reddish browu.

ffab. Mexico.

10. T. niarginepunctata MACQ. (Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 464. 9.
Tiplcritis.*) Long. corp. 0.32.

Thorax with a grayish down ; abdomen reddish fulvous ; wings
blackish ; several white spots along the borders.
Hab. Philadelphia.

11. T. obliqiia MACQ. (Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 464; Dipt. Exot. 11,3,
225. Tab. XXX, f. 11. Tephritis.) Long. corp. 0.23.

Yellow ; metathorax with two black spots. Wings at basis,
along the anterior border and three oblique transverse bands ; a
hyaline spot at the anterior border, brownish ferruginous.

Hab. Cuba.

98 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Note. — The description has been translated literally, although it is not
very clear, and the figure, without description, given in the Dipteres Exo-
tiques, does not seem to agree with it. — 0. S.

12. T. quadrifasciata MACQ. (Dipt. Exot, II, 3, 22G, 7. Tab. XXX,
f. 8. $; Tephritis.) Long. corp. 0.24.

Head, proboscis and antennas ferruginous ; antennal bristle
tomentose ; thorax brown, with a whitish down anteriorly. Abdo-
men brown, with brownish incisures ; legs testaceous ; wings
brownish fulvous with four hyaline oblique bands, reaching the
posterior border ; the third of them touches at the same time the
anterior border. The spaces between the hyaline bands are ful-
vous, margined with brown.

Hob. Georgia.

13. T. iiigriventris MACQ. 9. (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, 124; Uro-
p7iora.~) — Testacea ; abdoniine nigro; alis fuscis, margine externoduabus
maculis, interno una macula, disco duobus punctis lirnpidis. Long,
'corp. 0.25.

Proboscis, palpi, face, front and antenna? testaceous ; thorax
testaceous ; its dorsum brownish with a slight whitish down. Ab-
domen black, shining ; legs fulvous, the last joints of the tarsi
brown; poisers yellowish-white; wings brown; two hyaline, tri-
angular spots about the middle of the anterior border ; interval
between these two spots yellow ; a similar spot on the posterior
border, nearer to the tip ; two small, oblong spots, likewise hya-
line, about the middle of the disk ; neuration normal.

Hub. Baltimore.

14. T. "beailTOisii ROB. DESV. (Myodaires, etc., p. 760. Prionella.y
Length 0.32.

Antenna? and front yellowish ; face whitish ; thorax brownish-
gray on the back, pale fulvous on the sides ; abdomen whitish,
annulated with reddish-black, with the last segment reddish ; legs
pale fulvous ; wings hyaline with four reddish-brown fascia?.

This species was contained in Palisot de Beauvois's collection,
and probably comes from the United States.

TRYPETIDAE. 99

15. T. Tillosa ROB. DESV. (Ibid. Prionella.)

This species, the antennal bristle of which is hairy, has the body,
the front, the legs and the antennas yellow ; the back of the thorax
shows interrupted, shining black lines ; two transverse whitish
lines on the abdomen, the last segment of which is black ; wings
hyaline with four flavescent fasciae.

Patria like the preceding.

16. T. asteris HARRIS. (Treatise, etc., 2d edit. p. 498, 3d edit. p. 620.)
Long. corp. 0.2.

Of a light yellowish-brown color, with paler legs ; wings broad,
rounded at the tip and clouded with brown in large spots, forming
three wide, irregular bands across them. (New England; pro-
duces swellings, as large as a walnut on the stems of the native
asters or starworts.)

APPENDIX III.

The manuscript of Mr. Loew was already prepared, when he received
from me four Trypetse not described in it. The first is a species of Say ;
the three others have been published by Mr. Loew since, in the Berliner
Entomoloyische Zeitsclirift. I reproduce here the description of T. obliqua
Say, as well as those of the other species, the latter in English translation,
as they appeared in Latin. 0. S.

17. T. obliqua SAY. ^ and 9 . (Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, p.
186.) — Flava, alse fasciis obliquis flavis, fusco-marginatis, abdomen
seriebus duabus punctorum nigroruin.

Yellowish, wings with oblique yellow bands, margined with brown ; abdo-
men with two series of black dots. Long. corp. 0.1 — 0.13.

Body pale brownish-yellow ; wings with a definite yellowish
costal border, and three very oblique bands proceeding from the
costal border ; basal band terminating on the posterior border
midway between the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins ; middle
band terminating at the tip of the fifth vein ; outer band termi-
nating at the tip of the fourth vein ; yellcw margin of the costal
border ending a little beyond the third vein ; the bands are edged
exteriorly with a black line, which is dilated into a spot at tip ;
thorax with two black dots behind ; scutel yellow, pale ; abdomen
with a series of black dots each side. The wing-bands arc parallel
and equidistant, the intervals are as broad as the bands.

100 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Hub. Indiana. (Say.) Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken, on Ver-
nonia, in August.)

Note. — The above description, which, is Say's, will be sufficient for the
recognition of the species. I have modified the terminology to make it
agree with that used in this publication, and will only add that the third
longitudinal vein bears some black bristles, that both cross-veins are
oblique, that the posterior portion of the fourth vein is distinctly arcuated
at its base, and that the tip of the wing has a peculiar whitish reflection.

0. S.

18. T. allba LOEW. £ and $>. (Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. 1861,
p. 345.) — Albida, alis concoloribus imrnaculatis, fronte, pleuris, scutello,
segmeritorumque abdominalium singulorum margine postico palMe sul-
phureis, facie cum antennis, pedibus et terebra obscurius flavis.

Whitish, wings whitish, without spots, front, pleurre, scutellum and the
posterior border of the abdominal segments pale sulphur-yellow ; face,
antennae, legs and borer of the J darker yellow. Long. corp. 0.13 —
0.17. Long. al. 0.15— 0.1G.

Antennas of moderate length ; tip of the third joint round,
bristles with a very short pubescence. Eyes large, almost round;
cheeks moderate. Oral opening moderate, rounded, proboscis not
geniculated, palpi short. Scutellum flat, with four bristles. Borer
of the 9 flattened, ferruginous-yellow, longer than the three last
segments of the abdomen taken together. Wings whitish, all the
veins very pale, and, except the first longitudinal one, bare ; pos-
terior angle of the anal cell acute.

Hub. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken; taken on Vernonia novce-
boracensis, iron weed, together with the two following species,
and with T. obliqua Say; in August.)

19. T. alMdipennis LOEW. £ and 9 . (Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeit-
schr. 1861, p. 34.3.) — Nigro-cinerea, thoracis dorso albicante, capite, tho-
racis vittft laterali scutelloque sulphureis, alarum albidarum stigmate
fusco, terebrS, fbeminje atra.

Blackish cinereous, thorax more whitish above, head, a lateral stripe on
the thorax, and the scutellum sulphur-yellow, wings whitish, stigma
fuscous, borer of 9 black. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.20. Long. al. 0.18—
0.19.

Antennae moderate, ferruginous-yellow, tip of the third joint
rounded, bristle almost bare. Eyes large, almost round ; cheeks
moderate; proboscis not geniculated, palpi short. Thorax dusted

TRYPETIDAE. 101

with whitish above, with a short, whitish pubescence and black
bristles; scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen with black hair.
Borer of 9 flattened, black, with black hair ; a little longer than
the three last joints of the abdomen taken together. Feet brown-
ish-black, trochanters, knees, tip of the tibiae and the tarsi yellowish
ferruginous. Wings whitish, stigma brown, all the veins, except
the first longitudinal one, bare, pale yellow on the basal part of
the wing, brown beyond it.

Hub. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken, on Vernonia, in August.)

2O. T. verilOlliae LOEW. £ and 9 . (Loew, Beii. Entom. Zeitscli.
1861, p. 346.) — Helva, metanoto nigro, capite, thoracis vitta laterali,
superiors pleurarum parte et scutello pallidius, antennis, terebra, pedi-
busque obscurius flavis ; alarum dimidio apicali fasciis tribus fuscis
subreticulato, prinia inconipleta et obsoletiore, secunda integra, tertia
postice abbreviata.

Pale yellowish, metanotum black, head, lateral stripe of the thorax, upper
part of the pleurae and scutellum pale yellow, antennae, borer and legs
darker yellow ; apical half of the wing subreticulated with three brown
bands, the first of which incomplete and less apparent, the second entire,
the third abbreviated posteriorly. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.22. Long. al.
0.17—0.18.

Head yellow, orbit of the eyes narrow, with a silvery reflection.
Antennae ochreous, third joint oblong, bristle almost bare. Oral
opening rather large, rounded, proboscis not geniculated, palpi
moderate. Eyes large, oblong. Thorax above clothed with a
short, whitish pubescence, and with faintly brownish bristles.
Scutellum flat, with four bristles. Metanotum black, dusted with
whitish. Abdomen yellowish luteous (ex helvo luteum), with black
hairs on the lateral margin and on the last segments ; remaining
portion with yellow hairs. Borer of 9 ochraceous, shining, some-
what flattened, equal to the three last abdominal segments taken
together, clothed with soft, blackish hair. Legs fulvescent.
Wings subhyaline, subreticulated with fuscous by means of three
irregular transverse bands and some small apical spots ; the first
band, which is much abbreviated posteriorly, starts from the infus-
cated base of the stigma and runs obliquely towards the central
transverse vein and frequently becomes obsolete, leaving, however,
a brown cloud on the transverse vein ; the second band is narrow
and straight, extending from the costa to the posterior margin ;
the third band is unequal, abbreviated posteriorly, and coalescent

102 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with the spots on the costa. First longitudinal vein beset with
bristles, the others naked.

Hub. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken, on Vernonia, in August.)

Note. — The first of the bands on the wings terminates posteriorly in a
faint brown line, running along the discal cell and parallel to the longi-
tudinal veins ; the second and third bands being more or less coalesceut,
the space between the second and the tip of the wing may be described as
brown, with five round, hyaline spots (one between the costa and the
second longitudinal vein ; the second, just below the first, between the
latter and the next vein ; the third between the same veins, but nearer to
the tip of the wing ; the fourth on the fourth longitudinal vein, just behind
the posterior transverse vein ; the fifth and largest at the tip of the wing,
between the third and fourth longitudinal veins) ; second posterior cell
hyaline, except a margin along the veins, which is clouded. The brown is
more or less intense in different specimens, and hence the hyaline spots,
especially the posterior ones, are sometimes less apparent. — 0. S.

III.

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SCIOMYZIDfl.

The family Sciomyzidce is principally based on the three genera:
Sciomyza Fall., Telanocera Dum. and Sepedon Latr., all occurring
in North America, and on the genus Thecomyia Perty.

The attempt to subdivide the second of these genera has been
made in various ways, but without success. I omit, therefore, to
mention the genera thus formed, especially on account of the
scantiness of my materials.

Sciomyza has been also subdivided into smaller genera, namely:
Graphomyza Macq., Pelidnoptera Rond., Gtenulus Rond. and
Calobaea Zett., the last of which, differing from all the other Scio-
myzidce. by its much smaller basal cells, may be considered as an
osculant genus. Some of the species placed by Meigen in Scio-
myza belong neither to that genus nor to the Sciomyzidce at all.

The characters distinguishing the Sciomyzidce from all the other
Acalyptera are as follows. The anterior frontal border more or
less prominent ; face receding, proportionately long, with the oral
border sharp ; no distinct furrows for the reception of the anten-
na? ; no vibrissa? on the oral border ; the front with two bristles,
one behind the other on each side before the lateral bristles of the
vertex; the costal vein of the wings uninterrupted, without spine,
reaching to the fourth longitudinal vein ; the auxiliary vein dis-
tinctly separated from the first longitudinal vein on its whole
length ; the two basal cells much developed, rather large, smaller
only in the osculant genus Calobaea Zett. The legs have short
hairs and very few bristles, and are of moderate length and rather
stout, but not clumsy ; all the anterior legs, especially their tibia?
and tarsi, are more developed than in the allied families ; all the
tibia? on their outside before the tips have a small, erect, more or
less distinct bristle ; the intermediate tibia? have a certain number
of stout bristles at the tip ; the fore and hind tibia? have a single
weak bristle.

104 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Synopsis of the North American genera.

J The third joint of the antennae not circular.

I The third joint of the antennse circular. SCIOMTZA Fall,

f Antennae only a little prolonged ; front not excavated ; eyes not pro-
tuberant. TETANOCEKA Dum.
2 "j Antennse much prolonged ; front excavated ; eyes protuberant.

SEPEDON Latr.

Gen. I. SCIOMYZA FALL.

Only three 1ST. A. species of this genus have been described, all
by Mr. Walker. His description of Sciom. antica is made in so
careless a manner that it is quite impossible to recognize it, and
Sciom. parallela Walk, seems to be no Sciomyza at all. 8ci.om.yza
nigripalpa Walk, is certainly not among the three species known
to me. The scantiness of my present material scarcely warrants
my undertaking to describe the N. A. species of Sciomyza, but I
will present what I have to say about them, in connection with the
Sciomyzidse generally.

There is no reason for discussing here the smaller genera sepa-
rated from the old genus Sciomyza, or to point out the subdivi-
sions to be made, since the three species known to me belong all
to the group of the typical species of Sciomyza.

Synopsis of the Species.*

l f Wings spotted. 1 nana Fall.

I Wings not spotted, the transverse veins only clouded with brown. 2
9 J The two bristles on each side of the front extant. 2 obtusa Fall.

\ The foremost of the lateral frontal bristles wanting. 3 pubera, n. sp.

1. S. il tvn a FALL. £ and £ .— Cinerea, thorace vittato, alis nigro-macu-

latis.

Gray, with the thorax striped, and the wings spotted with blackish. Long,
corp. 0.1—0.13. Long. al. 0.11—0.14.

SYN. Sciomyza nana FALLEN, Sciom. 15, 12.— MEIGEN, Syst. Beschr. VI, 18,
19. — ZETTERSTEDT, Dipt. Scand. V, 2109, 18.

Quite agreeing with the European specimens. Ashy gray.
Front opaque yellow, with the ocellar triangle and the lateral

* The fourth species, added when the manuscript was already in press,
is not included in this synopsis. — 0. S.

SCIOMYZA. 105

stripes reaching ns far as the middle of the front, yellowish-gray.
Antenna? yellowish-ferruginous, usually paler at the base, with the
blackish-brown bristle beset with a short pubescence. Face
whitish. Upper side of the thorax with four brown longitudinal
lines, the two intermediate ones approximated and confluent with
their hind ends, the two lateral ones narrower and less complete.
Scutellum with a broad brown middle stripe. Pleura? brown, in
the middle with a broad longitudinal stripe pollinose with yellow-
ish, and a similar, but more indistinct longitudinal stripe more
underneath. Abdomen brownish-gray, pollinose with paler on the
lateral border, the posterior corners of the segments being whitish.
Forelegs black, with the coxa? and the last joint of the tarsi whitish,
and the extremity of the knees brownish-yellow. Middle and hind
legs brownish-yellow, with the tips and upper side of the hind
femora brownish black ; tips of the middle and hind tibia? black,
the last joints of the middle and hind tarsi brownish. The dark
color is sometimes more, sometimes less extended on the posterior
legs than is described here. Wings hyaline, slightly grayish ; the
costal border is margined with blackish, from the tip of the first
as far as the tip of the second longitudinal vein ; from the end of
this margin a blackish transverse band runs as far as the fourth
longitudinal vein ; between it and the small transverse vein there
are two small blackish spots ; the small transverse vein is clouded
with blackish ; the posterior transverse vein is a little curved and
marked with a larger blackish spot at its anterior end, and a smaller
at its posterior end, both of which but rarely coalesce so as to form
a complete margin.

Hal. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. S. olitusa FALL. £ . — Fusco-cinerea, antennarum seta plumata,
venis alarum transversis fusco-liinbatis.

Grayish-brown, the antennal bristle plumose, the transverse veins clouded
with blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.22.

SYN. Sciomyza obtusa FALLEN, Sciom. 13, 4, var. a. — MEIGEN, Syst. Beschr.
VI, 12, 6.— ZETTERSTEDT, Dipt. Scand. V, 2099, 10.

I see no difference between the single N. A. individual I possess
and that European species which is generally considered as the
true Sciomyza obtusa Fall. But to prevent misunderstandings I
must observe that there exists another species hitherto undescribed,
differing from Sciom. obtusa Fall, by its antennas having a shorter

106 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

pectinated bristle, but otherwise resembling that species so much
that it is commonly confounded with it. Grayish-brown. Front
opaque yellow near its anterior border, remainder yellowish-ferru-
ginous ; the ocellar triangle and the lateral stripes reaching
beyond the middle of the front are yellowish-gray. Antennae
yellowish-ferruginous, with the bristle dark brown, yellowish-
brown at the base, and having black hairs of moderate length.
Face yellow. Upper side of the thorax, with the exception of
the lateral borders, more brownish than gray, with darker brown
longitudinal lines, the two intermediate ones being darker and more
distinct, the lateral ones doubled behind the suture. Scutellum
flat, yellowish-brown, pollinose with grayish-yellow. Pleurae dark
brown, with a broad, more chestnut brown lougitudinal stripe
running from the shoulder to the base of the wing, and having
underneath a hardly distinct longitudinal stripe formed by paler
pollen. Legs rather dark brown, especially the anterior ones.
Tips of the fore and hind tibiae black ; tarsi blackish towards the
end. Wings grayish-brown, clouded with rather smoky brown
near the costal border ; transverse veins clouded with blackish-
brown ; the posterior transverse vein is slightly oblique and
straight.

Hab. Illinois. (Kennicott.)

it

3. S. pilliera, LOEW. ^ — Fusco-cinerea, seta antennarurn breviter
plumata, metatarso antico albo, veuis alarum trans versis fusco-limbatis.

Grayish-brown, the antennal bristle brevi-plumose, the first joint of the
anterior tarsi whitish, and the transverse veins clouded with blackish-
brown. Long. corp. 0.21. Long. al. 0.21.

Front opaque, sordid yellow near the anterior border, remainder
more yellowish-ferruginous, with the ocellar triangle and the late-
ral stripes brownish-gray, the latter reaching to the middle of the
front, the foremost bristle wanting. Antennae ferruginous, bristle
brown, with a short pubescence. Face pollinose with white.
Upper side of the thorax grayish-brown, with but little distinct
darker brown longitudinal lines. Scutellum flat, a little paler
than the upper side of the thorax. Pleurae rather dark fyrown,
pollinose with whitish, without distinct longitudinal stripes.
Ground color of the abdomen almost brownish-black ; on each
segment there is a large triangular, not pollinose, spot, its tip
reaching as far as the hind border of the segment, the remainder

TETANOCERA. 107

0

of the segment is covered with whitish pollen, which is much more
dense on the hind border, and makes it appear quite pale, whereas
on each side, near the lateral border, there is a vestige of a less
pollinose, dark spot. The exterior genitals of the male are yellow-
ish-brown. Legs almost blackish-brown, the intermediate ones,
as well as all knees, part of the hind femora, ami a great part of
the hind tibias, more yellow; anterior coxa3 yellowish, with a
whitish reflection ; first joint of the fore tarsi whitish ; the follow-
ing four black ; the intermediate tarsi have a rather pale brownish-
yellow ground color, rendered much darker by their short black
hairs, their two last joints appearing brownish on the upper side ;
the hind tarsi are like the intermediate ones, but have the three
last joints blackish. Wings grayish-hyaline, with the transverse
veins margined with blackish, the posterior transverse vein straight
and quite perpendicular. Besides the want of the foremost lateral
bristle on the front, this species is distinguished from the other
species of Sciomyza by its abdomen having the black hairs denser,
longer, and finer than those.

Rob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. S. llictifera LOEW. ^ . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 345, by Bar. 0. Sacken.) — Nigra, thorace cinereo, facie alba,
antennis et fronte fulvis, coxis anticis albis, pedibus nigris, tarsis poste-
rioribus sordide albis, alis nigrieantibus, margine costali nigro-liiubato.

Black, tborax cinereous, face white, antennae and front fulvous, fore coxae
white, feet black, posterior tarsi of a dirty whitish, wings tinged with
blackish, costal border margined with black. Long. corp. 0.13. Long,
al. 0.1.

Small, black. Face, cheeks, and the inferior part of the occi-
put, white. Antenna and front fulvous, lateral stripes of the
latter abbreviated anteriorly ; ocellar triangle and the upper part
of the occiput cinereous. Thorax dark cinereous, with black
hair. Fore legs black, their coxaa white, with a silvery reflection;
posterior feet black, trochanters and tarsi dirty whitish, their apex
black. Wings of moderate size, tinged with blackish, with a
rather broad black margin near the costa.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

Note. — In younger specimens, the black color of the intermediate pair
of feet is more or less brownish.

108 D1PTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Gen. II. TETAWOCERA DUM.

Among the recorded N. A. species of Tetanocera, Tet. boscii
has been characterized so insufficiently by Rob. Desvoidy, that
there is no possibility of identifying it. Tet. canadensis, described
by Macquart, is also unknown to me. Tet. guttularis Wied. is
mentioned by Macqnart as-a native of North America ; but I must
consider this statement as a mistake, since the characters he gives
do not agree with the description of Tet. guttularis Wied. ; but
what, species he has taken for Tet. guttularis has not as yet been
made out. As to the other described species, the following paper
will give all the necessary information : —

Synopsis of the Species.*
-j _[ Wings reticulated. 2

I Wings not reticulated. 11

2 f Bristle of the antennae plumose with black. 3

I Bristle of the antennae plumose with white. 6

Q f Front with three shining stripes. 4

I Front without shining stripes. 5

i Posterior transverse vein oblique and curved. 1 clara, n. sp.

Posterior transverse vein almost perpendicular and straight.
2 valida, n. sp.

5 I Femora spotted. 3 pictipes Loeic.

\ Femora quite unspotted. 4 pallida Loeiv.

P f Thorax without stripes. 7

( Thorax with stripes. 8

Femora entirely yellow. 5 flavescens Loew.

Femora very brownish at the base. 6 arcuata Loew.

f The brown margin of the costal border of the wings interrupted by clear
8 •! spots. 9

I Costal border of the wings with an uninterrupted brown margin. ' 10

!The reticulation of the wings shows double bands consisting of spots
arranged by pairs. 7 combinata Loew.

The reticulation forms no double bands at all. 8 sparsa, n. sp.

10 f Posterior transverse vein straight. 9 costalis, n. sp.
<- Posterior transverse vein much curved. 10 saratogensis Fitch.
f Posterior transverse vein curved and rather steep. 11 plebeja, n. sp.

11 -j Posterior transverse vein curved in the shape of an S, and very ob-

lique. 12 plumosa Loew.

* The two species (Nos. 13 and 14), added when the manuscript was
already in press, are not included in this synopsis. — 0. S.

TETANOCERA. 100

1. T. clara LOEW. 9- — Seta anteimarum nigro-plumosa ; vittse in
fronte Isevigatse tres ; alse parce et grosse reticulatse, vena transversa pos-
teriore obliqua.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with black, front with three shining stripes,
reticulation of the wings sparse and coarse, posterior transverse vein
oblique. Long. corp. 0.32. Long. al. 0.32.

A beautiful large species. Pale yellow. Face white, not much
receding. Palpi and proboscis whitish-yellow. Front rather dark
ochreotis, with three very shining longitudinal stripes ; the middle
one distinctly widened towards its anterior end, the lateral ones
near the borders of the eyes and reaching only very little beyond
the foremost frontal bristle, hence not much transgressing the
middle of the front. Antenna? ochreous, the two first joints short,
beset with black hair, the third a little longer than the two first
taken together, moderately broad and only moderately pointed ;
the black bristle with dense, very long, black hairs. Neither the
lateral borders of the front, nor the yellow occiput have black
spots. Thorax yellowish, with two brownish middle stripes sepa-
rated by a broad line, and on each side with a more indistinct and
less complete lateral stripe. Scutellura with brownish middle and
yellowish borders. Pleura whitish-yellow, with a narrow brown
longitudinal stripe on their superior border. Abdomen without
distinct markings. Legs whitish-yellow, the end of the tarsi only
a little blackish ; posterior femora with a short, not very -close
pubescence on their under side, and only one or two longer black
bristles on the second third. Wings large and rather broad, some-
what tinged with tawny ; the whole stigma and the broad clouds
of the small and of the posterior transverse veins brownish-black;
also the tip of the wing margined with brownish-black ; before the
second longitudinal vein there are some small, rather indistinct,
brownish-black spots, and about four or six larger and darker
transverse spots between the second and third longitudinal veins,
running from vein to vein, the last of which are most distinct, and
include small rudiments of veins rising from the second longitudinal
vein ; between the third and fourth longitudinal veins there are,
beyond the small transverse vein, two or three brownish-black
transverse streaks running from vein to vein; on the posterior
side of the fourth longitudinal vein there are only two very small
brownish-black spots, one before, the other behind the small
transverse vein, which, I suppose, are not always present. The

110 DIPTERA Or NORTH AMERICA.

remainder of the wings is unspotted. The posterior transverse
vein is oblique and moderately curved.

Hob. Trenton Falls, JX". Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. T. valitla LOEW. 9 • — Seta, antennarum iiigro-plumosa ; vittre fron-
tales tres Irevigatae ; aL-e parce et grosse reticulatfe, vena transversa poste-
riore perpendiculari.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with black, front with three shining stripes,
reticulation of the wings sparse and coarse ; posterior.transverse vein
almost perpendicular. Long. corp. 0.29. Long. al. 0.29.

Pale yellow. Face yellowish-white, only moderately receding ;
palpi and proboscis whitish-yellow. Front orange-yellow, with
three very bright longitudinal stripes; the middle stripe not dis-
tinctly widened towards its anterior end, the lateral ones reaching
a little beyond the foremost frontal bristle, which is inserted rather
lower than in the preceding species, so that the lateral stripes
reach a little nearer to the anterior border of the front. Antennas
ochreous, having the two first joints short, with black hairs ; the
third a little longer than the two first taken together, moderately
broad and only a little pointed ; the bristle of the antenna? with
dense, very long, black hairs. There are no black spots on the
lateral border of the front, nor on the yellow occiput. Thorax
yellowish, with indistinct brownish longitudinal stripes. Pleura?
whitish-yellow, with a narrow brown longitudinal stripe on their
superior border. Abdomen without distinct markings. Legs
whitish-yellow, with the tips of the tarsi a little blackish ; poste-
rior femora with short, not very dense hairs on the under side and
only two longer bristles on the second third. Wings proportion-
ately a little smaller than in the foregoing species, somewhat tinged
with tawny. The stigma, smaller than in the foregoing species, is
brownish-black ; the transverse veins and the tip of the wings are
clouded with brownish-black ; before the second longitudinal vein
there are six or eight small but distinct brownish-black spots; be-
tween the second and third longitudinal veins there are four or five
darker ones running from vein to vein, the last of which are more dis-
tinct; between the third and fourth longitudinal veins there are, be-
hind the small transverse vein, four or five brownish-black transverse
streaks ; at the posterior side of the fourth longitudinal vein there
are two rather large brownish-black spots, one before, the other,
larger one behind the posterior transverse vein ; on the anterior

TETANOCERA. Ill

and posterior sides of the fifth longitudinal vein there are some
small brownish-black alternating spots ; the remainder of the wing
is unspotted; the posterior transverse vein straight and rather
perpendicular.

Observation. — Although this species is very similar to the fore-
going, and I have only a single individual before me, its specific
distinctness seems to be beyond doubt. The straight and rather
steep posterior transverse vein, the lateral frontal stripes reaching
farther forwards and the middle frontal stripe not being dilated
anteriorly afford the best characters for distinguishing Tet. valida
from Tet. clara.

3. T. pictipes LOEW. ^ and £. — Seta antennarum nigro-plumosa ;
vittffi frontales Isevigatse nullse ; ala? confertim guttato-reticulatse ; femora
maculata.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with black, front without shining stripes ;
wings densely reticulated with confluent fuscous spots and limpid drops,
femora spotted. Long. corp. 0.21—0.26. Long. al. 0.23—0.26.

SYN. Tctanoccra pictipes LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 292.

Front almost more pale brownish than yellow, opaque, beset, on
its anterior part, with sparse short black hair, rising from hardly
visible dark dots ; hardly a trace of an excavated middle stripe ;
all that gloss which other species possess is totally wanting, and
only a fine whitish dusted longitudinal line is visible. Each side
of the front near the border of the eye a brownish-black dot, and
more forwards between the antenna? and the anterior corner of the
eye another small brown or blackish-brown spot. The face is
silvery white, and recedes only moderately; its middle is marked
with a very small black spot ; on the cheeks there is a brown or
blackish-brown longitudinal streak. The first and second joints of
the antennae are yellowish-brown ; the third is more yellowish-fer-
ruginous, scarcely longer than the second, not much pointed, its
upper side being distinctly excised; the black bristle has a brown-
ish-yellow base, and a scanty, rather long black pubescence ; some
individuals differ by the color of the antennae being quite ferrugi-
nous brown. The upperside of the thorax is quite opaque, brown-
ish cinereous, closely covered with small dark brown dots, which
coalesce to larger spots, forming four rows, and having a rather
variable size. Scutellum gray, in the middle brown, with small
dark brown dots, on the borders with four black dots bearing
the ordinary bristles, the hindmost of which are far longer than

112 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the others. The ground color of the abdomen is more blackish
than that of the thorax, the posterior and the lateral borders of
the segments being usually more brown ; besides, the abdomen
is covered with a rather light dust and beset with small brown dots
coalescing near the lateral border into a row of obsolete spots,
and in the middle of each segment into a longitudinal spot, so that
a dark middle stripe, interrupted by the incisions, is formed. The
sixth segment, being clavate in the male, has a large blackish-
brown spot on each side, leaving in the middle a grayish or whitish
mark, resembling, as it were, a cup. The ground color of the
femora is little visible, being covered with light dust and speckled
with black dots ; immediately before the tip they are surrounded
with an almost black more or less visible ring, and an almost con-
colorous spot before this ring on the under side. The tibite are
yellowish-brown, with the tips blackish- the tarsi have the same
color as the tibiae, but are generally a little paler; usually the ante-
rior ones have the three last joints, and sometimes a great part of
the first, blackened, whereas in the remaining tarsi only the two
last joints, or even the last alone, is blackish. The wings are more
guttated than reticulated ; the color of the posterior part is more
gray; immediately along the longitudinal veins, and in the neigh-
borhood of the costa, it is much darker and almost brown. The
largest drops, the color of which is almost white, are scattered
over the posterior part of the wing ; on the anterior part they are
placed near the longitudinal veins ; on the costa, between the tips
of the first and second longitudinal veins, there are only three
small clear quadrangular spots.

Hal). Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A series of specimens enables me to compare this
species with the closely allied European Tet. umlrarum Linn. The
resemblance of both is so great that I cannot but suspect that they
are identical. ]STo difference of structure existing between them,
the larger size and browner color of Tet. pictipes alone afford a
constant distinguishing character. Future observations will per-
haps enable us to decide whether Tet. pictipes is merely a climatic
variety of Tet. nmbrarum or a different species.

Note. — I possess .a specimen from Great Slave Lake, H. B. T., and
have seen another from Maine, both perfectly agreeing in size and color
with the European specimens. Is this fact to be considered as a proof of
the identity or of the diversity of T. pictipes and T. umbrarum? The
answer to this question appears to me far from certain. — 0. S.

TETANOCERA. 113

4. T. pallida LOEW. ^ and 9 . — Seta antennarum iiigro-plumata ;
vittre frontales Isevigatse nulhe ; alje confertim guttato-reticulatre ; fe-
mora iiumaculata.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with Mack, front without shining stripes,
wings rather densely reticulated with dark spots and limpid drops,
femora quite unspotted. Long. corp. 0.29. Long. al. 0.27.

SYN. Tetanocera pallida LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 294.

Yellowish-brown, opaque. Front more yellow, opaque, without
black spot near the orbit, the excavated middle stripe very narrow,
not glossy ; between the antennae and the anterior corner of the
eyes there is a small brown spot. Face white, considerably reced-
ing, excavated in its middle more than in most other species. An-
tenna? yellow with the third joint hardly as long as the second, its
superior edge not distinctly excised, and its end very little pointed ;
the antennal bristle blackish, with the base only yellow, and the
blackish hairs rather long, but not very close. Upper side of the
thorax not punctured, with four complete brown longitudinal
stripes, and on its posterior half immediately beside the lateral
stripe, a fine, less distinct, brown, longitudinal line. Scutellum
with a brown middle stripe. Pleurae with a broad brown longitu-
dinal stripe at the superior border, the remainder being everywhere
whitish hoary. Abdomen unicolorous, with a blackish middle line,
and on each side a brown linear stripe, all of them interrupted at
the incisions. Legs yellowish, with the tips of the tarsi a little
blackish. Wings somewhat yellowish towards the base with the
reticulation moderately close and rather guttated, darker brownish-
black at the costal and apical border; before the second longitudi-
nal vein there are about six small clear dots, which do not reach
the costal border itself; the small transverse vein is some distance
before the middle of the discal cell, and the posterior transverse
vein is very distinctly curved.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

5. T. flavescens LOEW. £ . — Seta antennarum albo-plumosa ; thorax
punctulatus; alje confertim guttato-reticulatte ; femora tota pallide fla-
vescentia.

Bristle of the antennse plumose with white, thorax punctured, wings densely
8

114 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

reticulated with dark spots and limpid drops, femora quite yellowish.
Long. corp. 0.33. Long. al. 0.26.

SYS. Tetanocera flavescens LOEW, Stett. Ent. Zeit. VIII, 123. — LOEW, Wien.
But. Monatsch. Ill, 291.

Pale yellowish-brown, somewhat shaded into testaceous. Face
white, rather considerably receding beneath. Antennae yellow ;
the third joint, when viewed sideways, nearly as long as the broad
second joint, not distinctly excised on its upper side, little pointed;
the antenna! bristle yellowish with close, white plumation of mode-
rate length. Front yellow, opaque, with the excavated, polished
middle stripe distinctly tapering anteriorly ; on each side of the
orbit there is an oblong oval black spot of rather considerable size
and another more anteriorly, between the antenna? and the anterior
corner of the eyes. Upper side of the thorax marked with close
small brown dots and besides with four rather incomplete rows of
small dark brown spots far distant from each other. Scutellum
rather convex, glossy, almost blackish-brown, a little dusted with
whitish near the base, and having a terminal dot formed of whitish
dust. Pleura? with a conspicuous, parallel, brownish-red longitu-
dinal stripe at the superior border, below which they appear paler
from their whitish dust. Abdomen with a dark middle line and
near each lateral border a broad, brown one, all of them inter-
rupted at the incisions ; the fourth and fifth segments bear each a
glossy yellowish-brown- spot more distant from the border than the
lateral lines. Legs brownish-yellow with the tips of the tibia? and
the whole of the tarsi appearing darker in consequence of the
greater density of the black hair, whereas in reality the two last
joints only of the anterior and posterior tarsi are blackened ; the
under side of the posterior femora is beset with very numerous
short and many longer black bristles. Wings rather broad and
obtuse, with the whole surface coarsely and rather uniformly reti-
culated, so that there are no fascia? ; some larger brown spots on
the costal border, but no clearer spots on the apical border ; the
small transverse vein is very far from the discal cell, and the pos-
terior transverse vein is only little curved and rather steep.

Hab. Carolina. (Zimmerman.)

Observation. — When naming this species I overlooked the fact
that Rob. Desvoidy already has a Tet. flavescens. Consequently I
should have altered the name, had I not before me a larger number
of specimens of Tet. arcuata proving that this species is rather vari-

TETANOCERA. 115

able, and that therefore its distinctness from Tet. flavescens is not
quite certain. Should the identity of both species be proved, the
name of "fawescens" as being preoccupied must be dropped, and
that of Tet. arcuata adopted for the species ; should, however,
future observations prove their distinctness, it will then be time
enough to choose another name for Tet. flavescens.

6. T. arcuata LOEW. £ and 9 • — Seta antennarum albo-plumosa ;
thorax punctulatus ; alse confertim guttato-reticulatse ; femorae antica
basim versus fusca.

Bristle of the antennre plumose with white ; thorax punctured, wings
densely reticulated with dark spots and limpid drops ; anterior femora
brown towards the base. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.3. Long. al. 0.2 — 0.23.

SYN. Tetanoccra arcuata LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 292.

So similar to the foregoing that it is very easy to confound
them, and after the detailed description which I have given of Tet.
flavescens, it will be quite sufficient to point out the characters by
which Tet. arcuata. differs from it. It is always a little smaller,
sometimes much smaller than Tet. flavescens ; its second antennal
joint, too, seems to be comparatively smaller and narrower, and the
small brown spots on the upper side of the thorax beside the small
dots, are distinctly smaller. The anterior femora are to a consider-
able extent brown at the base ; their tips as well as the base of
the posterior femora are not seldom very brownish ; the anterior
tibia? are blackened to a certain extent, and the posterior tibias
have this color at their very tips ; the three last joints of the anterior
tarsi are blackish.

Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — The more specimens of Tet. arcuata I was able
to examine, the more it appeared doubtful to me whether Tet. fla-
vescens ought not to be taken merely for an exceedingly large and
pale variety of Tet. arcuata. The only difference existing in the
structure is, as it seems, the somewhat smaller breadth of the second
joint of the antenute in Tet. arcuata; this is a very trifling one,
and perhaps only a character belonging to smaller specimens.
The narrow arcuated band running over the posterior transverse
vein of the wings, by which the first specimen which I received
was distinguished, was either more indistinct or quite wanting in
the specimens sent to me afterwards.

116 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

"7. T. comliiiiaf a LOEW. £ . — Seta antennarum albo-plumosa ; thorax
vittatus ; alse maculato-reticulatse, maculis fascias duplicatas efficienti-
bus, limbo marginis antici obscuro nullo.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with white, thorax striped, wings reticu-
lated with dark spots forming double bands, costal border without dark
margin. Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.22.

SYN. Tetanocera combinata LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 295.

Reddish-brown, more acorn-colored on the abdomen. Front dark
yellow with the middle stripe broad, impressed, polished, narrowed
anteriorly, a small black dot being on each side near the orbit,
and a second more anteriorly between the antennae and anterior
corner of the eye. The face white, not much receding, rather ex-
cavated in the middle. Antenna? yellow, third joint short, with
the upper edge margined with blackish and not distinctly excised ;
the antenual bristle yellowish at the base, with a white plumation
of moderate length. Upper side of the thorax almost brownish-
ferruginous, with broad lateral borders dusted with whitish ; the two
longitudinal stripes in the middle are blackish and covered with
dense white dust. The scutellum is of the same color as the upper
side of the thorax, and has the sides dusted with whitish. The
pleura? too resemble the upper side of the thorax in their color,
appearing however, with the exception of a longitudinal stripe on
their superior part, of a paler shade, on account of their whitish dust.
Immediately before the poisers there is a very conspicuous, rounded,
brownish-black spot. The abdomen is more acorn-colored ; it has
a black middle stripe not sharply bordered and interrupted at the
incisions, and a rather broad, polished, brownish-red stripe at
some distance from each lateral border. Legs brownish-yellow,
the tibia? a little darker than the femora ; the tarsi blackish towards
their tip. Wings rather yellowish, having the reticulation formed
by narrow, gray stripes in the middle of the intervals and by
brown spots reaching from the longitudinal veins as far as these
stripes; the brown spots are arranged so as to form distinct double
bands running across the wing ; the last of these bands is at the
very tip of the wing, the penultimate runs between it and the pos-
terior transverse vein ; the antepenultimate runs over the posterior
transverse vein itself; there is besides, anteriorly, the beginning of
a double band before the penultimate band ; the small transverse

TETANOCERA. 117

vein is a little before the middle of the cliscal cell ; the posterior
transverse vein is a little curved and rather steep.
Hub. Middle States. (Osteu-Sacken.)

8. T. sparsa LOEW. £ and 9 • — Seta antennarum albo-plumosa ;
thorax vittatus ; alse maculato-reticulatse, fasciis duplicatis nullis, limbo
marginis antici obscuro nullo.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with white, thorax striped, wings reticu-
lated with dark spots forming no double bands, costal border without
dark margin. Long. corp. 0.24. Long. al. 0.22.

Yellowish-brown, opaque. Front dark yellow, with the middle
stripe broad, impressed, polished, not narrowed anteriorly ; a small
black clot is on each side in the neighborhood of the orbit, and a
second is more anteriorly between the antennae and the anterior
corner of the eye. Face white, not much receding, rather exca-
vated in the middle. Antennae yellow ; the third joint nearly as
long as the second, a little excised on the upper side, rather pointed ;
the bristle of the antennae with the base yellow, its pubescence
whitish. Upper side of the thorax with two brown middle stripes
connected posteriorly and separated anteriorly, and not reaching
the anterior border of the thorax; two broader lateral stripes are
of the same color, but not so distinct. The scutellum also is of
the colour of the thorax, but dusted with whitish on the sides.
Pleurae paler than the upper side of the thorax, having, towards
their superior border, a brownish-red longitudinal stripe continued
as far as below the poisers. The abdomen has a very indistinct,
dark middle line interrupted at the incisions ; on each side, at a
distance from the lateral border, a brighter stripe not differing
sensibly in color from the general color of the abdomen. Legs
pale yellowish; tibiae not darker than the femora; tarsi blackish
towards their tips. Wings only little yellowish; the reticulation
is formed by very narrow, gray stripes running in the middle of
the intervals, and by brown spots reaching from the longitudinal
veins as far as the stripes; the brown spots are arranged so as to
form no double bands, showing only the anterior indistinct begin-
nings of some narrow simple bands, the number of which is three,
besides the narrow margin of the tip of the wing. The small trans-
verse vein is a little before the middle of the discal cell ; the pos-
terior transverse vein is only very little curved and rather steep.

Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

118 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Observation. — Tet. sparsa differs too much from Tet. combinat'a
in the markings of the wings to be considered as identical with it.
I have, however, to remind, that they agree much more in their struc-
ture than is usual in nearly-related species of this genus, and that
my opinion, formed on very scanty materials (1 9 of Tet. combi-
nata, 1 £ and 1 9 of Tet. sparsa), cannot but have a very second-
ary weight. Nor will the difference in the markings of the thorax,
however striking they may seem, solve the question, since, in some-
what immature specimens, they always appear inconstant, and are
often variable even in quite mature ones.

9. T. COStalis LOEW. £, . — Seta antermaram albo-plumosa ; thorax
vittatus ; alae grosse inaculato-reticulatse, margine antico auguste nigro-
limbato, vena transversa posteriore perpendicular!, recta.

Bristle of the antennse plumose with white, thorax striped, wings reticu-
lated with coarse dark spots and the costal border having a narrow black
margin, posterior transverse vein perpendicular and straight. Long,
corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

Yellowish-brown, somewhat tinged with reddish, opaque. Front
yellow, with the middle stripe broad, excavated, and polished, not
tapering anteriorly ; on each side near the orbit there is a small
black dot, and more anteriorly a second larger one between the
antennse and the anterior corner of the eye. Antennse yellow, with
the third joint a little longer than the second, but little excised on
the upper side, not much pointed. Antennal bristle with the base
only yellow and covered with a close white pubescence. Face white,
rather considerably receding. Upper side of the thorax dusted
with whitish on the lateral borders; in the middle, there are two
complete longitudinal stripes, formed of whitish dust and bordered
with brownish streaks, which are not quite distinct and interrupted
in the middle of the thorax. Superior part of the pleurse with a
brownish-red longitudinal stripe continued to beneath the poisers.
Scutellum yellowish. Abdomen unicolorous, having no trace of
darker stripes in the described specimen. Legs whitish-yellow,
not distinctly blackened at the end of the tarsi; under side of the
posterior femora with small short bristles. Surface of the wings
a little yellowish, with the stigma and a margin of the costal border
black ; this margin runs from the stigma as far as the fourth longi-
tudinal vein, being very narrow as far as the tip of the second
longitudinal vein, and then broader; there are about six or seven

TETANOCERA. 119

small clear spots on the anterior side of the second longitudinal
vein ; the remainder of the coarse reticulation is little connected,
and formed of rather sparse small blackish spots; the small trans-
verse vein is a little before the middle of the discal cell ; the pos-
terior transverse vein is distinguished by its being perfectly straight
and perpendicular.

ffabt Illinois. (Ostcu-Sacken.)

1O. T. saratogensis FITCH. £ and 9 . — Seta antennaruni albo-plu-
mata ; thorax vittatus ; alse confertim striato-reticnlatae inargine antico
late fusco-limbato, vena transversa posteriore flexuosa.

Bristle of the anteunse plumose with white, thorax striped, wings striped
with gray and reticulated with darker dots, costal border having a broad,
blackish-brown margin, posterior transverse vein undulating. Long,
corp. 0.2—0.22. Long. al. 0.18—0.20.

SYN. Tetanocera saratogensis FITCH, Report I, 68. — LOEW, Wien. Ent. Mo-
natsch. Ill, 296.

This species, which is readily distinguished from all the N". A.
species known to nie by the costal border of its wings having a
broad blackish- brown margin reaching as far as the second longitu-
dinal vein, has been accurately described by Dr. A. Fitch in>the
above quoted place. It strikingly resembles the European Tet.
pratorum Fall. After examining a great number of specimens of
the two species, I found it impossible to discover any constant differ-
ence in their structure; but the brownish-black color of the costal
border of the wings as well as the spots along the longitudinal
veins in all the N. A. specimens reach farther towards the base of
the wing than is the case in any European one, besides, in the
former, the color of the club-like male genitals is very dark, whereas
in the latter it is much lighter and almost yellowish. Whether
the two hoary stripes of the thorax really are more distant in Tet.
saratogensis, as they seem to be, I dare not pronounce with cer-
tainty, since some specimens from Northern Europe approach in
this respect the American ones. Moreover the space between
those stripes in N. A. specimens as well as in European ones, is
sometimes altogether yellow, sometimes bordered with distinct
brown longitudinal lines, sometimes entirely browf.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Mr. Loew referring to Dr. Fitch's description, without giving one of his
own, I reproduce the former here. — 0. S.

120 DIPTER A OP NORTH AMERICA.

The head above is golden yellow with two small rusty stripes on its fore
part, a black spot at base and dot each side anteriorly, almost in contact
with the eye, and a second one, also black, on the anterior margin, between
the eye and the antennae. Face silvery white. Antennae light yellow,
second joint longer than broad, with fine short black bristles along its
upper and under edge ; third joint tinged with brown, narrow and curved,
its upper side being concave, its lower side convex, and nearly parallel
with the upper side, but slightly narrowed towards the apex, which is
rounded ; seta yellowish white, plumose. Thorax pale dull yellow, with
a faint darker stripe each side of the middle, which stripes have an ash
gray reflection when viewed from the front ; clothed with a short black
beard and a few long black bristles. Scutel ash gray with two nearly
erect black bristles each side. Poisers yellowish white. Abdomen dusky,
clothed with a short black beard, hind edges of the segments pale dull
yellow. Legs pale yellow, with a fine black beard, and the spine-like
bristles at the end of the shanks^black. Wings iridescent, smoky brown
on the outer and apical margins, hyaline towards the axilla, the space
between divided into niimerous square hyaline spots by dusky longitudi-
nal stripes, one stripe being placed in the middle of each cell and sending
short transverse branches to the veins at regular intervals ; veins and
veinlets black.

11. T. pletoeja LOEW. •£, and £. — Seta antennarmn nigro-plumosa ;
alee noil reticulatse, vena transversa posteriore modice arcuata, subper-
pendiculari.

Bristle of the autennse plumose with black, wings not reticulated, with
the posterior transverse vein moderately arcuated and nearly perpendi-
cular. Long. corp. 0.28 — 0.29. Long. al. 0.3.

Yery allied and similar to the following species, but certainly
different. Acorn-colored. Front yellow ; the usual black spot
near the orbit totally wanting. The excavated polished middle
stripe of the front is not enlarged anteriorly ; the polished lateral
stripes are very broad and glossy, yet do not extend far beyond
the middle of the front. Antennas dark yellow, the third joint a
little longer than the second, rather distinctly excised on its upper
side ; antennal bristle black with long and very close black hairs.
Face considerably retreating, yellowish with white reflection. Upper
side of the thorax, scutellum and pleurte quite as in the following
species. Abdomen brownish-yellow without darker middle line
nor lateral strip«s in the pair I have before me ; but in well colored
specimens they may exist. Legs as in Tet. plumosa. Wings
brownish-yellow margined with blackish-brown on the whole of
the costal border, beginning at the base of the stigma and being

TETANOCERA. 121

extended at the apex to a little beyond the tip of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein ; there are besides grayish stripes between the longi-
tudinal veins; the transverse veins are margined with dark brown-
ish-black ; the small transverse vein is in the middle of the discal
cell ; the posterior transverse vein is distinctly curved, but not in.
the shape of an S, and has a rather steep position.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — This species is very similar to the European Tel.
elata Fabr., but differs by its posterior transverse vein, which,
although more arcuated, has a steeper position, by its antennae
being a little broader and the black hair of its antennal bristle
being much closer.

Observation 2. — From Tet. plumosa this species not only differs
by the form and situation of the posterior transverse vein, but
particularly by the considerable breadth of the polished lateral
stripes of the front, which in Tetanocera plumosa are exceedingly
narrow.

12. T. plumosa LOEW. % and £ . — Seta antennarum nigro-plumosa ;
alse non reticulatse, vena transversa posteriore biflexa et valde obliqua.

Bristle of the antennae plumose with black, wings not reticulated, with,
the posterior transverse vein biarcuated and very oblique. Long. corp.
0.31—0.39. Long. al. 0.28—0.35.

SYN. Tetanocera vicina MACQUART, Dipt. exot. II, 3, 180, Tab. XXIV, fig. 7.
Tetanocera plumosa LOEW, Stett. Ent. Zeit. VIII, 201. — LOEW, Wien.

Ent. Zeit. Ill, 296.
Tetanocera struthio WALKER, List of Dipt. IV, 1086.

A species of the relationship of Tet. arrogans, elata, etc.
Acorn-colored. Front yellow, with a small brown dot instead of
the ordinary lateral black spots on each orbit ; the excavated pol-
ished middle stripe of the front being of middle breadth, and but
little enlarged anteriorly; the polished lateral stripes very narrow
and obsolete. Antennas dark yellow ; the third joint as long as the
second, rather distinctly excised on its upper side ; antennal bristle
black with long and very close black hairs. Face rather* receding,
yellowish with white reflection. Upper side of the thorax with the
lateral border broad, dusted with white and the three central longi-
tudinal stripes likewise covered with whitish dust and leaving be-
tween them two complete narrow reddish-ferruginous stripes which
unite on the hind border of the thorax and run over the scutellum.

122 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Pleurae with a narrow ferruginous longitudinal stripe on the supe-
rior border. Abdomen acorn-colored, with a darker middle stripe
interrupted at the incisions. Legs brownish-yellow, tibias usually
a little darker than the femora, tarsi blackened towards the tips.
Wings brownish-yellow, margined with blackish-brown on the
whole of the costal border, beginning from the base of the stigma
and ending a little beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ;
moreover, there are usually dark gray stripes between the longitu-
dinal veins ; the transverse veins are margined with dark brownish-
black ; the small transverse vein is placed a little before the middle
of the discal cell ; the posterior transverse vein is very arcuated in
the shape of an S, and has a very oblique position ; in most spe-
cimens the fourth longitudinal vein has some small stumps, most
of which are emitted from its inner side, each being inclosed in a
dot-like brownish black cloud. Such specimens resemble very
much the European Tet. aratoria Fabr.

Hob. Sitka. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — The name of Tet. vicina is preoccupied by R.
Desvoidy.

13. T. trianglllaris LOEW. J. (Translated from Berlin. Entom.
Zeitsch. 1861, p. 344, by B. Osten-Sacken.) — Glandicolor, thorace bili-
neato, frontis opacse vittulis lateralibus Isevigatis, subobsoletis, fossula
media distincta, nou dilatata, subtriangula, antenuarum seta pilis longis,
rarioribus, nigris plumata, alis lutescentibus, unicoloribus, venis trans-
versis fusco-limbatis, posteriore subrecta.

Acorn-colored, thorax with two lines, front opaque, its lateral stripes
shining, almost obsolete, the furrow in the middle distinct, not dilated,
subtriangular, anteunal bristle with long, rare, black hairs, wings lutes-
cent, unicolorous, transverse veins margined with fuscous, the posterior
one almost straight. Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27. Long. al. 0.27.

Occiput yellow, with a large shining-white spot. Front bright
yellow, entirely opaque, the ordinary lateral stripes shining, narrow,
almost obsolete ; the furrow in the middle distinct, shining, not
dilated, very shortened, subtriangular. Antennas rather short,
ochraceous, last joint a little longer than the two preceding taken
together, ferruginous at the tip, bristle with long but rather rare,
black hairs. Face shining-white, immaculate. Thorax above
with two darker, very approximated, lines. Abdomen unicolored.

TETANOCERA. 123

Legs luteous, three last joints of the fore tarsi, one of the inter-
mediate ones, and two of the hind ones, blackish ; hind femora of
the male beset below with black bristles. Wings lutescent, unico-
lorous, fore and apical border not clouded, transverse veins mar-
gined with brown, the posterior one almost straight.

Nab. North Red River. English River. (R. Kennicott.)
Observation. — Yery like Tet. sylvatica Meig., but still nearer
allied to Tet. unicolor Loew, distinct from the former by the frontal
furrow, which is very much abbreviated here and by the anterior
margin which is not shining; from the latter, which it also exceeds
in size, by the striped thorax, and the narrower and less obsolete
frontal furrow.

14. T. rotimdicornisLoEW. % and 9. (Translated from the Berlin.
Entom. Zeitschr. 1861, p. 344, by B. Osten-Sacken.)— Ex helvo glandi-
color, frontis opacse vittulis lateralibus ordinariis sublsevigatis, distinctis,
fossula media sequali usque ad anteriorem frontis inarginem producta,
antennarum articulo tertio ovato, superius non excise, seta pilis nigris
longis, sed raris plumata, alis lutescentibus, costse dimidio secundo et
apice anguste fuscis, veuis trausversis fusco-limbatis, posteriore sub-
recta.

Pale yellowish acorn-colored, the ordinary lateral stripes of the opaque
front rather shining, distinct, the intermediate furrow equal, extended to
the anterior margin of the front, third joint of the antennae ovate, not
excised superiorly, bristle with long black, but rare, hairs, wings lutes-
cent, the posterior half of the costa and the apex with a narrow brown-
ish cloud, transverse veins clouded with brownish, the posterior one
almost straight. Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.22—0.26.

Occiput yellow, with a heart-shaped shining-white spot. Front
bright yellow, opaque, the ordinary lateral stripes shining, rather
broad, the intermediate furrow shining, of equal breadth, entire.
Antennae short, ochraceous, third joint ovate, not excised supe-
riorly, the bristle with long, black, but sparse hair. Thorax above
with four darker lines, the intermediate ones entire, the lateral
ones interrupted, not seldom all four obsolete. Abdomen unicolor-
ous with a rather obscure lateral vitta, which is generally obsolete
in the male. Legs luteous, last joints of the tarsi black, hind
femora of the male beset below with black spines. Wings lutes-
cent, the posterior half of the costal border with a paler, the apical
border with a more saturated infuscation, transverse veins clouded
with fuscous, the posterior one nearly straight and perpendicular.

124 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Hub. North Red River. English River. (Robt. Kenoicott.)
Observation. — Stumps of veins proceed sometimes from the pos-
terior side of the fourth longitudinal vein.

Gen. III. SEPEBON LATE.

All the described species of the genus Sepedon agree much in
their structure and are very readily and sharply distinguished from
those species of Tetanocera which approach them in the whole
structure of the body, as, for instance, Tet. obliterata Fall, and
gracilis Loew. The most striking difference consists in the form
of the heads with the protuberant eyes, the excavated front and in
the second antennal joint being very much prolonged and attenu-
ated. Among the four ]S". A. species known to me three fully
agree as to these characters with the described species, but the
fourth considerably differs from them by having the second anten-
nal joint, though much prolonged, not attenuated, but broad as in
the species of the genus Tetanocera, while its head is in every
respect that of a Sepedon, so that, if we will not form a new genus
for it, it cannot by any means be placed in Tetanocera; I consider
it as the type of a new group of Sepedon.

Synopsis of the Species.

, J Second joint of the antennae broad. 1 fuscipennis LOEW.

I Second joint of the antennae narrow. 2

( Hind femora slender and very much prolonged, with a brown ring be-

o I fore the tip. 2 macropus WALK.

j Hind femora rather much thickened, with no brown ring before the
(. tip. 3

1 Under side of the hind femora in the male with a deep excision and
two teeth. 3 armipes LOEW.

Hind femora of both sexes simple. 4 pusillus LOEW.

1. S. fuscipennis LOEW. £ and 9 . — Rufo-brunneus, secundo an-
teuuarum articulo'lato.

Chestnut-brown, second joint of the antennae broad. Long. corp. 0.26 —
0.27. Long. al. 0.27.

SYN. Sepedon fuscipennis LOEW, Wien. Eut. Monatsch. Ill, 299.

Of a rather dark chestnut color. Head a little paler. Front
with a very wide excavation and an oblong black spot on each side
near the orbit, and a deep black dot-like one below each antenna

SEPEDON. 125

and a little removed from the orbit. Antennae of the color of the
head ; the second joint, although elongated as in the other species
of Sepedon, is broad as in Tetanocera and with black hairs ; the
third joint a little darker, rather acutely ovate, blackish at the tip.
Antennal bristle white at the tip, and with a white pubescence, its
two first joints and the base of the third being black. Upper
side of the thorax in well-preserved specimens with a brown
longitudinal stripe on each side ; its middle is fine whitish hoary,
and marked with four darker lines not quite reaching the hind
border of the thorax, the innermost being by far more distinct.
The scutellum, too, the greatest portion of the pleura? and the
coxae are whitish hoary. Abdomen rather glossy, with a very
slight vestige of whitish hoar. Legs pale chestnut-brown, hind
femora with the apical half darker, and the greatest part of the
under side beset with rather scattered black spine-like bristles ;
the anterior and posterior tibiae at the tips and the tarsi blackish,
the middle tarsi chestnut-brown at the base. The very delicate
black hairs on the upper side of the posterior tibise are much
longer in the male than in the female, and in general longer than
usual in the species of this genus. Wings clouded with dark
smoky brown, more yellowish-brown towards the costal border;
the transverse veins with narrow blackish margins ; the posterior
transverse vein is considerably arcuated and has a very oblique
position.

Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. S. macropus WALK. £ . — Testaceus, antennarum articulo secundo
tenui, femoribus posticis longissimis, gracilibus, fusco-anuulatis.

Yellowish-red, second antennal joint narrow, posterior femora very long,
slender, and marked with a brown ring. Long. corp. 0.3. Long. al.
0.35 lin.

SYN. Sepedon macropus WALKER, List Dipt. IV, 1078.

Yellowish-red, with the inferior portion of the pleura as well
as the hips having a bright white reflection. Front without lateral
spots. Face glossy ; below each antenna is a black spot distant
from the orbit and surrounded with a white reflection on the pol-
ished face ; another spot with bright white reflection runs from
the under side of the eyes down the cheeks. Antennas yellowish-
brown ; the second joint is slender and dark brown towards the

126 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tip ; the third joint blackish with the antennal bristle beset with a
very short pubescence. Thorax with a rather distinct reddish
ferruginous middle stripe continuing over the scutellum (it may be
more marked in better preserved specimens). The abdominal
segments each with a browner margin of the hind border. Legs
very elongated with very short spine-like hairs; the bristles on the
under side of the very long, straight, not thickened hind femora
are likewise very short; the hind tibiaB slender and almost straight.
Color of the legs brownish-yellow, the tips of all femora being
brown and the posterior femora having besides a brown ring on
their last third ; the anterior and middle tibise have only brown
tips ; the posterior tibias are quite brown with a very broad
brownish-yellow ring before the tip; middle tarsi yellowish-brown,
more blackish-brown towards the tip; hind tarsi quite dark brown.
Wings clouded with brown ; posterior transverse vein slightly
curved, not very steep. This description has been taken from a
rather old specimen.

Hob. Jamaica; (Walker.) Cuba; (Poey.)

3. S. armipes LOEW. £ and 9. — Brunnens, antennarum articulo
secundo tenui, femoribus posticis incrassatis, in niare subtus profunde
excisis et prope basim bidentatis.

Brown, second antennal joint slender, hind femora thickened, in the male
with a deep excision on the under side and two teeth near the base.
Long. corp. 0.18. Long. al. 0.18.

SYN. Sepcdon armipes LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 298.

Not dissimilar to Sep. spinipes, but darker and somewhat smaller.
Head pale yellowish, with the front and upper part of the occiput
brown, the former having a black spot on each side near the orbit
and a black dot below each antenna a little removed from the
orbit. The two first joints of the antennas brownish-yellow, the
second attenuated as in most species of this genus; the third more
or less lanceolate, black with the base only yellow. The first
and second joints of the antennal bristle dark yellow, the third
with the base blackish, the remainder being white with very short
white pubescence. Upper side of the thorax finely hoary in the
middle, on which some dark longitudinal lines are visible. Pleu-
ra3 dusted with white. Abdomen rather glossy, pale chestnut-
brown or almost yellowish-red at the tip. Legs brownish-yellow,
the femora paler, especially towards the base; the hind femora are

SEPEDON. 127

somewhat spotted with brown at the tip ; their under side has
a rather deep excision, and immediately before this excision a
coarse, almost two-headed, hook, and farther to the base a smaller
obtuse tooth, the space between the excision and the tip being
beset with short black bristles. The femora of the female are
simple. The posterior tibiae of the male are much arcuated at
the beginning of their last third, the two first thirds being almost
quite straight ; the tibia? of the female are of a very similar struc-
ture, but not quite so much curved, by which character it is most
readily distinguished from the female of Sepedon pusillus, the pos-
terior tibia? of which have a slighter and much more uniform
arcuatiou. The anterior tibia? are gradually blackened towards
the tip, and also the anterior tarsi are rather black, the second
and third joints only being paler than the rest ; the middle tibia?
show no trace of black, but the tips of the middle tarsi are blackish
as well as those of the hind tarsi. Wings smoky gray, more
yellowish-brown on the costal border; the transverse veins with
narrow black clouds ; the posterior transverse vein is but little
curved, and rather steep.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. S. pusillus LOETV. £ and £ • — Brurmeus, anteunarum articulo se-
cundo tenui, femoribus posticis incrassatis, in utroque sexu simplicibus.

Brown, second antennal joint slender, femora thickened, simple in both

sexes. Long. corp. 0.18. Long. al. 0.18.

•
SYN. Sepedon pusillus LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. Ill, 299.

So very similar to the preceding species that a short enumera-
tion of its differences will be sufficient to characterize it. The
male is most readily distinguished from that of Sep. armipes by
its hind femora being simple. The females of the two species are
rather more difficult to separate ; the most certain difference is
given in the form of the hind tibia?, which in Sep. pusillus are
slightly and uniformly bent in their whole length, whereas in the
female of Sep. armipes the arcuation is not only more considerable,
but also affects chiefly the last third. All other differences are
either uncertain or trifling; namely, the structure of the third joint
of the antenna? does not afford any available character for distin-
guishing the two species, in opposition to what I was inclined to
suppose when I had only a few specimens of both of them.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

128 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Observation. — The genera Actora and Dryomyza, differing in
some characters from the true Sdomyzidce, are not comprised in
the above exposition. I have not seen the N. A. Actora, pub-
lished by Mr. Walker as Actora ferruginea. The two N. A. spe-
cies of Dryomyza I know, fall both into that section which is
characterized by a hairy third longitudinal vein ; the first is, as it
seems, identical with the European Dryomyza anilis Fall. ; the
second, though resembling in its colors Dryomyza flaveola Fabr.,
may easily be identified by the subjoined description.

Dryomyza simplex LOEW.— Pallide flava, nitens, fronte et an-
tennis saturate flavis, opacis ; alse cinereo-liyalinse, vena longitudinal!
tertia pilis longis vestita. Long. corp. 0.28. Long. al. 0.31.

Polished, pale yellow. Front deeper yellow, opaque, with the
short pubescence and the bristles black. Antennas concolorous
with the front ; antennal bristle with rather long and black hairs.
Wings limpid, with a distinct yellowish-gray tinge ; the third
longitudinal vein beset with long hairs; the posterior transverse
vein obsoletely clouded with grayish, the small transverse vein not
clouded.

Hob. Middle States. (Osteu-Sacken.)

IY.

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EPHYDRINIDAE,

The family of Ephydrinidce is taken here altogether in the extent
which was given to it by Stenhammar, the diligent monographer
of the Swedish species, and by Walker in his work on the British
Diptera, the latter founded on Haliday's valuable observations.

The characters easily distinguishing the EpJiydrimdce from all
the other families of Diptera acalyptera may be set down as fol-
lows: Face more or less, often considerably convex; either with-
out any impression at all beneath the antennas, or moderately im-
pressed, but never provided with membranous antennal furrows.
Antennas short, first joint small ; antennal bristle either nearly
bare, or pubescent, or pectinated on the upper side only. Oral
cavity rounded, in most of the genera of considerable size; cly-
peus distinct, in some genera retracted in the oral cavity, in the
remaining genera prominent over the oral margin, in some of them
of a rather large size; palpi small; mentum short, more or less in-
crassated. Thorax rather quadrangular; scutellum proportionately
large. Abdomen of very variable form, consisting of six seg-
ments in the males; the females have one short, and generally not
distinctly visible, segment more. The sixth segment being al-
ways small and generally much concealed under the fifth, the struc-
tural relations depend on the conformation of the five first seg-
ments; of these the first is often much shortened and sometimes
nearly connate with the second, a circumstance which has led
authors to omit it in the enumeration or to count the two first
segments for one; this is to be borne in mind in order to understand
their descriptions; in mine, I have always counted the first seg-
ment as distinct, however difficult it may be to observe it. The
fifth segment is also of very variable structure, generally nearly
equalling the foregoing in size, rarely considerably longer in both
sexes or in the males, still more seldom much smaller, in which
case the fourth segment, especially in the males, is longer than
9

130 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

usual. The hypopygium of the male, which attains a considerable
size in some species only, is turned down, and generally, together
with the small sixth segment, encompassed by the lateral border of
the fifth abdominal segment bending down over it. The anal ex-
tremity of the female, except in a few species, is entirely retracted ;
for this reason, the sexual difference of many species is somewhat
difficult to ascertain on examining single dry specimens. Wings
on their whole surface covered with microscopical hair; the costal
vein consists of three parts, the first of which reaches from the base
to a little beyond the transverse humeral vein, which, quite in its
neighborhood, runs over to the costa; the second from thence to
the tip of the first longitudinal vein, where the third begins.
These three parts of the costal vein are not to be confounded with
the three segments of the costal vein so frequently used in charac-
terizing the species; the latter are reckoned from the base of the
wing to the tip of the first longitudinal vein, from theuce to the
tip of the second longitudinal vein, and from this to the tip of the
third longitudinal vein. The auxiliary vein is distinct only at its
very base and then coalesces with the first longitudinal vein ; the
second basal cell, i. e. the anterior of the two small basal cells, unites
with the discoidal cell, the ordinary separating vein disappearing,
so that the discoidal cell apparently reaches very far towards the
base of the wings; it is not at all unusual, that on a closer examina-
tion a rudiment of the obliterated transverse vein may be seen ;
the posterior of the two small basal cells or anal cell is generally
imperfect and very small. Alulae small. Legs slightly bristled ;
in some genera the species have some longer bristles on the upper
side of the intermediate tibias, which in all genera are provided
with spurs.

Most of the species, if not all, live in the neighborhood of water
or in moist places. I have observed many years ago, that the
food of several species chiefly consists of Infusoria. The larva? of
those European species, the metamorphosis of which is known,
live, at least by far most of them, in water, some exclusively in
water which is very decidedly salt; two of them are leaf-miners.

General division of the Ephydrinidae.

In order to facilitate the determination of the already numerous
genera of Ephydrinidce it will be useful to subdivide this family in
several sections, which may be done as follows: —

NOTIPHILINA. 131

Second joint of the anteunrc unguiculated at the end, or at least, the
upper side of the intermediate tibiae beset with a few strong bris-
1 -I ties. I. NOTIPHILINA.
Second joint of the antennae not unguiculated, the intermediate tibia?
I never have long bristles on the upper side. 2

!Eyes hairy, oral cavity never of considerable size, anterior femora never
incrassated. II. HYDRELLINA.

Eyes naked, oral cavity generally very large. III. EPHYDRINA.

The second joint of the antennae is called unguiculated (unguicu-
laturri) if it bears on its end a bristle directed forward, whether it
be thickened and long, or thin and short. In the latter case it is
often difficult to perceive, particularly in the genera Paralimna
and Corylhophora, which in the whole structure of their heads
approach very much some genera of Ephydrina; yet the presence
of several long bristles on the upper side of the intermediate tibiae
and the color and markings of their abdomens point out too
evidently their relation to the species of the widely spread genus
Notipkila, to be overlooked. The hairy eyes will be sufficient
in general to enable us to recognize the Hydrellina ; in those
genera, the species of which have densely pilose eyes, the hairs
are often exceedingly short; but their presence even then is easily
known by the whitish reflection shown by the outline of the eyes.
In the genera with scattered hairs on the eyes there are some spe-
cies in which it is very difficult to perceive the single small hairs;
in order to distinguish them with certainty from the Ephydrina, it
is to be borne in mind that in the latter the eyes are much more
rounded, that their faces are narrowest just where the antennaa
are inserted, and considerably increase in breadth immediately
below, whereas the Hydrellina have always more oblong eyes, and
their faces have their least breadth beneath the antennae; the oral
cavity also is never so strikingly wide as in most genera of Ephy-
drina; moreover the clypeus in those species of Hydrellina which,
on account of the indistinctness of the pubescence of the eyes,
might be taken for Ephydrina, is very little developed.

I. NOTIPHILINA.

The second joint of the antenna) distinctly unguiculated, or the
presence of some long bristles on the upper side of the interme-
diate tibite will refer any species to the present section, the genera

132 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of which have, without exception, an antenual bristle with long
pectinations on the upper side.

Division 1. The costal vein reaches to the third longitudinal vein,
f Abdominal extremity of the male with elongated bristles.

DICHAETA Meig.
j Abdominal extremity of the male without elongated bristles.

NOTIPHILA Fall.

Division 2. The costal vein reaches to the fourth longitudinal vein.
, ( Upper side of the intermediate tibiae with some long bristles. 2

I Upper side of the intermediate tibise without long bristles. 3

f Wings with a costal spine, posterior transverse vein perpendicular, legs
not prolonged, clypeus very prominent. PARALIMNA Loew.

2 •! Wings without costal spine, posterior transverse vein oblique, legs pro-
longed, clypeus hardly projecting beyond the oral margin.

|^ CORYTHOPHORA Lo6W.

Abdomen sharply edged, apparently three-jointed in both sexes on
account of the minuteness of the first and fifth segments.

TRIMERINA Macq.

\ Abdomen not sharply edged, fifth segment not so strikingly short-

(. ened, or only so in the males. 4

4 f Abdomen broad. DISCOMYZA Meig.

\ Abdomen not broad. 5

{Superior half of the face not carinated, third joint of the antennae
more or less oblong. PSILOPA Fall.

Superior half of the face distinctly carinated. 6

SEyes oblong, cheeks not descending much beneath the eyes.
DISCOCERINA Macq.
Eyes rounded, cheeks descending very much beneath the eyes. 7
7 f Clypeus very prominent beyond the oral margin. ATHYROGLOSSA Loew.
\ Clypeus projecting very little beyond the oral margin. HECAMEDE Hal.

Of the enumerated genera I know Dichceta, Notiphila, Paralimna,
Discomyza, Psilopa, andDiscocerina as occurring in North America.

Gen. I. DICHAETA MEIG.

This genus is closely related to the genus Notiphila. Both are
distinguished by the remarkable stout spine of the second joint of
the antennae ; the face is perpendicular and only moderately con-
vex, the clypeus small and scarcely prominent beyond the border
of the mouth; moreover, in both, the intermediate tibia? are beset
on the upper side with some long and stout bristles, and the thick-
ened costal vein terminates already at the tip of the third longi-
tudinal vein. The characters distinguishing both genera from each

DICHAETA. 133

other are as follows : The species of Dichceta have longer and
stouter bristles ; the mystacidal bristles on the side of their face there
are less numerous, but much longer and stouter; moreover, in the
males of Dichceta the penultimate segment of the abdomen, on its
posterior edge, is provided with a transverse row of very long bris-
tles, and on the tip of the last segment, above the anal opening,
there are two bristles inserted near each other and curved upwards,
which is never the case in Notiphila.

Only two European species of Dicli&la were hitherto known. The
two species occurring in North America are identical with them.

Synopsis of the Species.

( Last segment of the abdomen in the male prolonged in a conical point.

j 1 caudata Fall.

j Last segment of the abdomen in the male not prolonged in a conical

point. 2 brevicauda Loew.

1. I>. caudata FALL. £ and £ . — Nigricans, segmento abdominal!
penultimo in mare setis decem elongatis arrnato segmentoque ultimo in
couum producto.

Blackish, the penultimate segment of the male abdomen with ten long
bristles, the last segment couically prolonged. Long. corp. 0.17. Long,
al. 0.17.

This well known species is distinguished from the following by
its somewhat larger size, the greater number and the length of the
bristles on the posterior border of the penultimate segment of the
male abdomen, the conical prolongation of its last segment, and the
much greater length of the two stout bristles inserted on the tip
of this prolongation.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Note. — A detailed description of this species is to be found in Meigen,
Zweifl. VI, p. 62.— 0. S.

2. D. Tbrevicailda LOEW. £ . — Nigricans, segmento abdominal! pe-
nultirno in mare setis sex elongatis armato segmentoque ultimo breviter
acuminato.

Blackish, the penultimate segment of the male abdomen with six long bris-
' ties on the posterior border, the last segment but little pointed. Long,
corp. 0.16. Long. al. 0.16.

The differences pointed out in the description of the foregoing
species will be sufficient to distinguish this. The greater part of

134 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the tarsi is dull red, as in Dick, caudata, but generally somewhat
paler.
Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Note. — This species has been described for the first time by Mr. Loew in
1860 in his paper: Die Europseischen Ephydriniden (in Loew's Neue Bei-
traege, VII, p. 5).— 0. S.

Gen. II. WOTIPHOLA FALL.

The characters of this genus result from what has been said
about Dich(Eta. Those which distinguish it most easily from the
following genera are the intermediate tibiae being provided on the
upper side with single long bristles, and the thickened costal vein
terminating at the tip of the third longitudinal vein.

We need scarcely mention that but few of the species described
by the older authors as Notiphilce, belong to it, in the restricted
sense necessary here. Taken in this sense, about sixteen European
species have to be referred to it, some of which, however, are not
yet duly established. In North America it seems to be repre-
sented by numerous species which, compared to those of Europe,
show nothing heterogeneous in their organization. The same
observation may be made with regard to the South African spe-
cies which occur on the Cape of Good Hope.

Synopsis of the Species.

, f Palpi blackish. 1 scalaris, n. sp.

I Palpi yellowish. 2

0 f Antennae quite black. 2 bella, n. sp.

i

1 Third joint of the antennre red at the base.

r Upper side of the thorax with a broad brown lateral stripe.

3 \ 3 vittata, n. sp.
<• Upper side of the thorax without broad brown lateral stripe. 4
f Abdomen with irregular brownish-black semifasciae, each formed of

4 ! two spots. 4 carinata, n. sp.

Abdomen with two brown spots on each of the intermediate segments.

5 unicolor, u. sp.

i

1. Hi. scalaris LOEW. % and £-. — Obscure ciuerea, facie augusta
fulvescente, antennis palpisque nigris, abdomine fasciis nigris, linea
longitudinali cinerea interruptis picto, pedibus nigris, geuibus tarsisque
posticis testaceis, tarsis anticis testaceo-anmilatis.

Dark ashy-gray, the small face yellow, antennas and palpi blackish ; ab-
donieu with two transverse fasciae, interrupted by a gray middle line ;

NOT1PHILA. 135

legs blackish, knees and hind tarsi yellowish, anterior tarsi aunulated
with yellowish. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.16.

Very much resembling Notiph. uliginosa Hal. (which is identical
with Notiph. tarsata Stenh.), but its narrower face distinguishes
it from that and all the related European species. Palpi blackish.
Antennae entirely black ; front with yellowish-brown on black
ground. The same is the case with the upper side of the thorax,
which has no broad longitudinal stripes, but only a faint trace, often
indistinct, of five fine, brown longitudinal lines. The scutellura is
colored as the upper side of the thorax, but generally with a rather
lighter gray border and longitudinal line. Abdomen gray, with
broad brownish-black fasciae occupying more than the anterior half
of each segment, and being interrupted by a gray middle stripe ; the
last segment in the male is almost entirely black, and has a gray
middle stripe on its anterior half. Femora and tibia? black ; the
knees and the extreme tips of the tibiae brownish-yellow ; the fore
tarsi black, having the innermost base of each joint yellowish ;
the posterior tarsi yellowish, with the tip brownish. Wings pel-
lucid brownish-gray, with brown veins ; the second segment of the
costal vein being nearly twice as long as the third.

Halt. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. IV. "bella LOEW. £ and 9 . — Cinerea, antennis totis nigris, palpis
flavis, vitta thoracis utrinque laterali, pleurarum superiore, scutellique
margine laterali hrunneis.

Ashy-gray ; antennae entirely blackish, palpi yellow ; a longitudinal stripe
on each side of the upper side of the thorax, a longitudinal stripe on
the pleurse, and the lateral edge of the scutellum, brown. Long. corp.
0.14. Long. al. 0.17.

Face yellowish. Eye-rings rather broad. Cheeks descending
considerably beneath the eyes. Antennae entirely blackish. Front
gray, viewed sideways rather whitish ; the divided black middle
stripe is more or less covered with thick light-gray dust, which is
sometimes of a yellowish tinge, sometimes more light-gray ; near the
lateral border \_ofthe thorax*! — 0. £.] there is a broad, well-defined,
dark-brown longitudinal stripe. Such a stripe runs on the upper
part of the pleurae from the shoulder to near the base of the wing.
The brown color of the lateral border of the scutellum continues on
the posterior border of the thorax as a short beginning of a stripe.
Abdomen, with four rows of long, triangular, blackish-brown spots,

136 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the interior of which are a little longer that the exterior ones.
Coxae and femora black, covered with light-gray hoar ; the tips
of the latter brownish-yellow. Tibiae and tarsi rather pale brown-
ish-yellow, the hind tibiae with a broad, the middle and fore tibiae
with a narrow blackish-brown ring, which is sometimes wanting ;
the last joint of the tarsi brownish. In the male, the middle
femora, on the under side, are beset with short, but very thick,
black hair, the middle tibiae on the under side fringed with very
close, short, black pubescence. Wings grayish, proportionally
long and narrow ; veins brown ; the second segment of the costa
nearly thrice as long as the third.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

3. IV. vittata LOEW. 9 • — Fusca, facie laete ochracea, antennarum
articuli tertii basi sordide rufa ; thoracis vitta laterali, pleurarum supe-
riore scutellique inargine laterali obscure brunneis, abdoiniue macularum
nigrarum seriebus quatuor picto, fenioribus nigris, tibiis late nigro-auuu-
latis.

Brown ; face bright ochraceous, third joint of the antennse dull red at the
base ; a longitudinal stripe on each side of the upper side of the thorax,
a longitudinal stripe on the pleurae and the lateral border of the scutel-
lum dark-brown ; abdomen with four rows of black spots ; femora black,
tibiae with a broad black ring. Long. corp. 0.16. Long. al. 0.18.

The most robust among the known North American species.
Face of middle breadth, rather bright yellow. Palpi yellow. An-
tennas black, third joint at its base dull red for a considerable dis-
tance. Front, thorax, and scutellum dusted with brown. The
upper side of the thorax has on each side, near the lateral border,
a broad, well-defined, dark-brown stripe, and, moreover, on its
middle, some much less distinct brown longitudinal lines. Pleura
grayer than the upper side of the thorax, above with a broad,
dark-brown, longitudinal stripe, running from the shoulder to the
base of the wing, and another incomplete brown longitudinal stripe
immediately above the longitudinal suture. Lateral border of the
scutellum blackish-brown. Upper side of the abdomen dusted
with gray and having four rows of black spots, those of the two
interior rows being longer and more triangular, those of the exte-
rior rather shorter and more trapezoidal. Femora black; tibia?
and tarsi yellowish, the former with a broad brownish-black fascia,
which, on the anterior tibiae, leaves only the base and tip free ; the
tarsi, on account of tjieir hair, appear darker than they really are.

NOTIPHILA. 137

Wings distinctly tinged with brown ; veins brown ; the second
segment of the costal vein scarcely twice as long as the third.
Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. W. carinata LOEW. 9 • — Cinerea, facie angusta concolore, antenna-
rum articuli tertii basi rufa, thoracis dorso scutelloque brunneis, abdo-
mine fasciis interrupts nigro-brunneis, postice ernargiuatis, picto, pedibus
nigris, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus testaceis, tibiis posticis nigro-annu-

latis.

Ashy-gray, the narrow face ashy-gray ; base of the third joint of the an-
tennae red ; upper side of the thorax and scutellurn brown ; abdomen
with interrupted blackish-brown fasciae, which are emarginated poste-
riorly ; legs black, middle and posterior tibiae and tarsi brownish-yellow ;
hind tibiae with a black ring. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.16.

Face gray, rather narrow, indeed remarkably narrower and with
a more extended and sharper keel on its upper part than in the
similar European species Notiph. annulipes Stenh. and Notiph.
dorsata Stenh. Palpi yellow, antennae black ; the third joint with
the basal half yellowish-red. Front, upper side of the thorax, and
scutellum, grayish-brown, or even almost brownish-yellow ; upper
side of the thorax without lines or stripes. Pleura ashy-gray,
brownish above. Abdomen on the basal half of each segment with
two blackish-brown sernifascias, emarginated posteriorly, which on
the last segment dissolve themselves more or less into the two
spots composing them. Anterior legs entirely black, only the
knees and the extreme tips of the tibiae being brownish-yellow.
Middle and posterior tibiae and tarsi brownish-yellow; hind tibiae
with a brownish-black band; tips of the tarsi brownish. Wings
of a rather dull gray, veins brown ; the second segment of the
costal vein a little more than twice as long as the third.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

5. N. linicolor LOEW. £ . — Flavo-cinerea, facie laetius flava, abdo-
minis segrnentis duobus intermediis brunneo-bimaculatis, femoribus
nigris, genibus, tibiis tarsisque flavo-testaceis, anticis fuscanis.

Yellowish-gray, face of a brighter yellow ; the two middle segments of the
abdomen each with two brown spots ; femora black, knees, tibiae and
tarsi brownish-yellow; the fore ones more brownish. Long. corp. 0.13.
Long. al. 0.16.

Entirely yellowish-gray. Face bright yellow, rather broad ;
cheeks descending beneath the eyes a little more than usual. Palpi
dark yellow. Third joint of the antennae with the basal half red-

138 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dish-yellow. Thorax without lines or stripes. Abdomen very
unicolorous, having only on each of the two middle segments two
triangular brown spots of middle size ; of the two exterior rows of
spots, which generally occur on the abdomens of the Notiphilte,
nothing is to be seen here. Femora black, appearing gray in
consequence of their being dusted, with yellowish tips. Tibia3 and
tarsi brownish-yellow ; fore tibiae towards their tips and fore
tarsi brownish on their whole extent ; the posterior tarsi only
with their last joint brown. The short hair, resembling fringes,
on the under side of the middle femora and tibite is rather thin.
Wings rather sandy-yellowish, particularly at the base, the second
segment of the costal vein is a little more than twice as long as
the third. This species resembles most the European Noliph.
guttiventris Stenh., but is easily distinguished from it by its smaller
size and more yellow color, by the cheeks descending deeper be-
neath the eyes and by the much less spotted abdomen.

Gen. III. PARALIUftfA LOEW.

The characters of this genus, of which I hitherto only know South
African and North American species, are the following. Structure,
colouring, and markings as in Notiphila. Eyes much rounded ;
front and face very broad, the latter slightly convex ; eye-rings
broad ; cheeks descending very deeply beneath the eyes ; clypeus
prominent ; palpi narrow ; terminal bristle of the second joint of
the antennas very small and hardly visible ; the third joint of
the antennas very distinctly hairy on its upper side and tip ; the
antennal bristle with long rays. Structure of the thorax, scutel-
lum, and abdomen as in Notiphila. Middle tibia? on their upper
side with three long bristles, the first being very near the base, the
second immediately before the middle, and the third not far from
the end. Wings as in Notiphila, only with the exception of the
thickened costal vein being extended to the tip of the fourth lon-
gitudinal vein.

1. P. appemliculata LOEW. £ and 9 . — Bruunea, fronte, thorace
scutelloque obscurius punctatis ; facie fasciisque interruptis abdoininis
nigri canis ; palpis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsorum anticorum
posticorurnque basi rufa ; alis cinereis, venis transversis et venula ap-
pendicea e penultimo venae quarta? segmento ascendente nigro-limbatis.

Brown, front, thorax and scutellum with darker dots ; the face and the
interrupted fascia? of the black abdomen are grayish-white ; palpi, an-

PARALIMNA. 139

termse, and tarsi black, the fore and hind tarsi red at the base ; wings
gray, the transverse veins and an additional veinlet being placed on
the anterior side of the penultimate segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein, are bordered with black. Long. corp. 0.16 — 0.18. Long. al. 0.16
—0.18.

Face dusted with grayish white, usually with some more brown-
ish spots, sometimes with a more yellowish-gray tinge ; it is slightly
convex, but not even, eye-rings broad ; viewed laterally, they show
at their upper end two black spots, united by a white transverse
line, which disappear when viewed in other directions. The very
projecting clypeus is of the same color as the face. Proboscis
thick and black ; palpi narrow, rather long and black. Antenna
black, the third joint in certain directions with a whitish-gray
reflection; the hair on the upper side and the tip remarkably long.
Front brown, anteriorly with some small dots, further back with
some nearly black spots. Thorax and scutellum brownish, with
numerous close, small, dark-brown dots ; pleura? also dotted. Ab-
domen brownish-black, rather opaque, on the posterior border of
each segment with a whitish-gray, very opaque fascia, a little
widened on its middle, and intersected by a brownish-black
middle stripe. The two halves of the gray fascia of the second
segment are sometimes connected on their posterior margins ; the
fifth abdominal segment of the male is a little longer than the
preceding. Legs entirely black, the fifth joint of the fore and
hind tarsi clothed with shining felt of a bright reddish-yellow ;
the first joint of the fore tarsi at its base, and the first joint of
the hind tarsi almost to its tip, are usually red ; paler specimens
have also the first joint of the middle tarsi red ; in darker ones
the first joint of the anterior tarsi is entirely black. Wings gray,
veins brown ; the second half of the costal vein, the end of the
third longitudinal vein, and nearly the whole fourth and fifth lon-
gitudinal veins, rather black ; the transverse veins and a small
stump, emitted by the fourth longitudinal vein about the middle of
its penultimate segment, black and narrowly bordered with black ;
the second segment of the costal vein more than twice as long as
the third.

Hal). Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.) Georgia.

140 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Gen. IV. DISCOMYZA MEIG.

The characters of this genus are as follows. Head more or less
orbicular, with very sharp borders of the vertex ; second joint of
the antennas unguiculated, the third oblong, with long pectinations
of the terminal bristle. Face not keeled, rather convex, receding
again towards the edge of the mouth, uneven, on the sides with
coarse warts and wrinkled. Clypeus entirely concealed. Abdo-
men flat, broad, on account of the shortening of the first segment
apparently consisting of four rather equally broad segments.
Wings proportionately broad, third and fourth longitudinal veins
parallel at their ends.

There were only two species hitherto known; the following
North American species deviates a little by its head not being so
strikingly orbicular, and by its abdomen not being so broad, but
more flattened.

1. I>. l>alioptera LOEW. £. — Nigra, tliorace punctulato, antennis
genibusque rufis, tarsis posterioribus flavescentibus, alis fusco-maculatis.

Black, with dotted thorax ; antennae and knees yellowish-red, middle and
posterior tarsi yellowish ; wings dotted with brownish-black. Long. corp.
0.15. Long. al. 0.14.

Head shining black, really not so orbicular as in Discom. in-
curva, but the vertical border likewise very sharp. Front ante-
riorly with two rather flat depressions, placed near each other; the
more shining lateral border of the front rather wrinkled. Antennae
yellowish-red, the upper border of the second and third joints
a little darker ; the antennal bristle with long pectinations. The
middle of the face narrow and rather transversely wrinkled ; its
lateral parts with coarse warty wrinkles ; the eyes surrounded
with a fine white line. The upper side of the thorax and scutel-
lum appear to be dusted with white, but have a rather indistinct,
exceedingly fine and close punctuation, leaving only small traces
of the white dust. On the pleurae, where the punctuation is more
distinct and much coarser, the whitish dust is more visible. Abdo-
men black, rather shining, exceedingly flat, narrower than in Dis-
com. incurva, the cause of which may be that the upper horny
plates of the abdomen are turned clown to an unusual extent ; the
last segment of the abdomen rather smaller than the preceding

PSILOPA. 141

ones. Legs black, knees yellowish-red; middle band of the posterior
tarsi pale yellowish, having the last joint rather blackened. Poi-
sers whitish with darker petiole. Wings short and broad, clouded
with grayish ; the small transverse vein is below the tip of the first
longitudinal vein ; the posterior transverse vein rather distant from
the margin of the wing and rather oblique ; the two last segments
of the fourth longitudinal vein of equal length ; the second seg-
ment of the costal vein less than twice as long as the third ; the
transverse veins with broad brownish-black borders ; a spot of the
same color lies between the third and fourth longitudinal veins a
little before the posterior transverse vein ; a larger spot of the
same color lies before it on the costal margin, reaching to the third
longitudinal vein and being connected with an equally large,
blackish-brown spot on the apex of the wing, which almost attains
the fourth longitudinal vein.
Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

Gen. V. PSII.OPA FALL.

The characters of the genus Psilopa are as follows. Second
joint of the antennae with a stout spine ; third oblong, the bristle
with long pectinations. Face on its upper part without any keel,
slightly convex everywhere, not wrinkled on its sides, receding to-
wards the opening of the mouth. Clypeus either quite concealed
or scarcely projecting beyond the oral margin. Middle tibia? with-
out long bristles on their upper side. The costal vein thickened
and attaining the fourth longitudinal vein.

This genus is represented in Europe by about twelve species
known with more or less certainty. Its representatives in North
America seem to be more numerous; a number of them are distin-
guished from the European ones by a more robust structure and a
more strikingly dusted appearance, and by their faces being not
exactly smooth and their cheeks descending a little deeper beneath
the eyes ; but neither the number of the species of this group
hitherto known is large enough, nor are the characters such as to
render a generic separation necessary. On the contrary, it will be
sufficient for the present, to put these species together as a sub-
division of the genus Psilopa.

142 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Synopsis of the Species.
Division 1. — Middle of the face slightly convex without any elevation on it.

, ( Thorax finely aciculate. 1 aciculata nov. sp.

( Thorax polished. 2

{Posterior part of the thorax and scutellum hronze-colored.
2 scoriacea nov. sp.
The whole body pure black. 3 atra nov. sp.

Division 2. — Middle of the face slightly convex with some flat longitudi-
nal impressions.

, ( Abdomen black. 4 umbrosa nov. sp.

( Abdomen steel-colored. 5 caeruleiventris nov. sp.

1. P. aciculata LOEW. J. — Thorace scutelloque nigris, transverse
subtiliter aciculatis, capite abdoruineque aut ex cupreo aut ex viridi
senescentibus, antennis flavis, pedibus nigris, tibiarum apice tarsisque
flavescentibus, basi alarum sublutesceutium nigra.

Thorax and scutellum black, transversely with fine scratches ; head and
abdomen either coppery or greenish brassy ; antennae yellow ; legs black,
tips of the tibiae and tarsi yellowish ; the rather yellowish wings with
the base black. Long. corp. 0.09. Long. al. 0.1.

Antennae entirely reddish-yellow. Front and face shining,
either dull coppery or even almost metallic black, or metallic
green. The thorax and the proportionately large scutellum black,
hardly brassy, everywhere covered with close and exceedingly
fine scratches. Abdomen polished, shining, the color varying in
the same way as that of the face. Legs shining black, knees in-
distinctly yellowish-brown ; tips of all the tibiae yellowish as well
as all the tarsi ; last joint of the tarsi blackish at its tip only.
Poisers brownish-black. Wings rather clay-colored, blackish at
the base ; this blackening of the costal margin reaches a little be-
yond the middle of the first segment, on the disk of the wing only
as far as the basal transverse veins ; towards the posterior margin
it extends in such a way, as to occupy half of the corner of the
wing lying behind the fifth longitudinal vein, but it becomes at the
same time very pale.

Hab. Cuba. (Poey.)

2. P. scoriacea LOEW. 9- — Atra, nitida, colore in posteriore tho-
racis parte scoriaceo, in scutello obscure seneo, proboscide pedibusque
nigris, tarsis posticis fuscis, alis cinereo-hyalinis.

Black, shining ; the posterior part of the thorax scoriaceous ; scutellum

PSILOPA. 143

dull brassy ; proboscis and legs black, hind tarsi brown ; wings grayish-
glassy. Long. corp. 0.1. Long. al. 0.13.

Shining black. Head proportionately broad, shining black ;
above the antennas with a small, dilated spot dusted with whitish.
Face broad, shining black, viewed laterally, more brownish-black;
viewed from above it appears as if dusted with white. Anten-
nae deep black j antennal bristle with long pectinations. Probos-
cis and palpi perfectly black. Thorax shining black, scoriaceous
posteriorly; immediately before and on the flat scntellum the color
is more of a dull brassy green. Abdomen shining black, slightly
dusted. Legs black; the posterior tarsi appear rather dark brown
to the naked eye, viewed through a lens their color is almost dull
whitish, the dark appearance being caused by the black hair.
Poisers white. Wings grayish glassy ; the second segment of the
costal vein is not half as long again as the third.

Hal. Xew York. (Schaum.)

3, P. atra LOE\V. £ . — Atra, nitida, proboscide halterumque capitulo
albidis, basi tarsorum posticorum rufa, alis hyaliuis.

Shining black, proboscis and knob of the halteres whitish ; base of the
posterior tarsi red ; wings glassy. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.16.

Shining black ; head broad, front shining black ; the small
white-dusted spot above the antennas and the whitish, exceedingly
fine dust of the broad, shining black face are scarcely perceptible.
Proboscis yellowish-white. The palpi seem to be black. Antennas
black ; the bristle with very long pectinations. Abdomen shining,
scarcely with a trace of dust, rather narrow and flat, apparently
consisting of four segments, the first being very much shortened ;
even the sixth, however, is perceptible. Legs black ; middle and
hind tarsi red at the base. Halteres with blackish petiole and
white knob. Wings glassy, slightly grayish ; the second segment
of the costal vein not quite half as long again as the third.

Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. P. limbrosa LOEW. 9- — Nigra, fronte, thoracis dorso et scutello
polline brunneo-cinereo tectis, facie griseo-pollinosa, antennis tarsorurn-
que basi ex rufo flavis, alis adversus rnargiuem anteriorem nigricantibus,
halterum capitulo albo.

Black; front, upper side of the thorax and scutellum dusted with ashy-
gray with a fuscous tinge, face dusted with whitish-gray ; antennae and

144 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

bases of all the tarsi reddish-yellow ; wings blackened towards the costa ;
knob of the poisers white. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.14.

Black ; front, thorax and scutellum thickly dusted with ashy-
gray with a fuscous tinge. Antennas reddish-yellow ; the bristle
with scattered pectinations. Face thickly dusted with whitish-
gray, rather of uniform breadth, with more numerous bristles on
the sides than in most other Psilopce, generally slightly convex,
with the lower part a little projecting, but towards the border of
the mouth again remarkably receding, rendering thus the opening
of the mouth smaller than is usual in this genus. Proboscis and
tarsi blackish. Pleura? brownish-black, shining. Abdomen shin-
ing black with very little visible dust. Legs shining black ; tarsi
reddish-yellow, the three last joints of the foremost, and only the
two last of the hindmost ones being black. Poisers with brown pe-
tioles and white knob. Wings clouded with grayish-black, becom-
ing gradually black towards the costa; the posterior transverse vein
scarcely perceptibly margined with blackish; the second segment of
the costal vein more than half as long again as the third.

Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

5. P. caeruleiveutris LOEW. 9- — Capite thoraceque cinereis
opacis, abdomine chalybeo nitido, antennis palpisque' flavis, pedibus
nigris, tarsis posterioribus rufis, alis hyalinis vitta latissinia atra, rnar-
gini antico contigua, pictis.

Head and thorax opaque ashy-gray, abdomen shining steel-blue ; antennse
and palpi yellow ; legs black, posterior tarsi red ; wings hyaline, with an
exceedingly broad, deep black longitudinal stripe on the costa. Long,
corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.16.

Front ashy-gray. Antenna? reddish-yellow. Face whitish-gray,
slightly convex, with rather slender small bristles on the sides ;
oral cavity small; clypeus projecting a little beyond the border of
the oral margin. Palpi pale yellowish, a little broader than usual.
Upper side of the thorax ashy-gray without any gloss. Pleurae
thinly dusted with grayish, and consequently blacker and rather
glossy. Scutellum dusted with brown, shining black at the tip.
Abdomen shining steel-blue ; the first segment but little shortened,
the second as long as the first, the three following longer ; even
the narrow sixth segment is distinctly visible. Legs black, the
foremost with dark brown knees ; middle and hind tarsi yel-
lowish-red with blackish-brown tip ; the fore tarsi have only

DISCOCERINA. 145

the base brownish-red. At the costal margin of the wing there is
a broad, deep-black band, running from the base to the tip of the
third longitudinal vein ; its posterior limit runs from the base of
the wing along the middle of the discoidal cell to nearly the pos-
terior transverse vein, recedes from it suddenly almost to the third
longitudinal vein, follows this vein first at a little, then gradually
at a greater distance, and lastly turns to its tip ; the posterior
part of the wing is rather dull glassy, and almost grayish at the
axillary angle ; the veins in the latter are brownish, those in the
blackish parts of the wing black. The place of this species in the
system is very deceptive ; for at a superficial view the thickened
costal vein seems to reach only the third longitudinal vein ; but
this deception arises from its color being black as far as the third
longitudinal vein, and very pale between this and the fourth.
Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

Geii. VI. DISCOCERI1VA MACQ.

The second joint of the antenna has a distinct spine, the third
is rounded ; the bristle pectinated. The face on its upper part is
distinctly keeled, in the middle more or less inflated, receding
again towards the border of the month. Clypeus projecting very
little beyond the border of the mouth or entirely concealed ;
cheeks moderately descending beneath the eyes. The costal vein
attains the fourth longitudinal vein. Upper side of the inter-
mediate tibiae without stout bristles. Discocerina stands between
the genera Psilopa Fall, and Hecamede Hal., being distinguished
from Psihpa by the more rounded form of the third joint of the
antenna? and the keel on the upper part of the face ; from Heca-
mede chiefly by the cheeks descending much less beneath the eyes.
I can describe only two North American species of this genus, yet
four are known to me as occurring in Europe. [Three more
species, reproduced below, have been published by Mr. Loew
since. — O. S.]

1. D. lacteipennis LOEW. ^ . — Ciiierascens, opaca, antennis, geni-
bus, tibiarum apice tarsisque flavis, alis albidis, vena costali atra.

Opaque, ashy gray ; antennae, knees, tibise at the tips and tarsi yellow ;
wings whitish with deep black costal vein. Long. corp. 0.11. Long. al.
0.12.

Very similar to the European Hecamede costata Loew, but easily
10

146 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

distinguished by its cheeks descending much less beneath the eyes.
Front with yellowish-gray dust. Antennas reddish-yellow, the third
joint a little infuscated on its apical margin ; bristle with a few rays.
Face a little more yellowish than the front, distinctly keeled on its
upper half, then moderately convex, and receding a little towards
the border of the mouth. Eye-rings downwards rather broad;
the uppermost of the bristles, inserted near the eye-rings, is more
removed towards the middle of the face. Cheeks remarkably de-
scending beneath the eyes for a Discocerina. Palpi pale yellowish.
Upper side of the thorax and scutellum rather light ashy-gray.
Pleurce more whitish-gray. Abdomen light ashy-gray, appearing,
on account of the shortness of the first segment, to consist of four
segments, the last of which is at least as long again as the penulti-
mate. Femora and tibiae black, the former with the extreme tips,
the latter with the base and tip yellowish to a greater extent. Tarsi
yellowish with blackish tips. Halteres whitish. Wings whitish,
especially if viewed in an oblique direction. Costal vein black,
the other veins remarkably paler; the second segment of the costal
vein is about half as long again as the third.
Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken).

2. D. parva LOEW. 9 . — Obscure cinerea, opaca, abdomine nigricante ;
antennis, genibus, tibiarum apice tarsisque flavis, alls cinereo-liyalinis.

Dark ashy gray, opaque, abdomen rather black ; antennae, knees, tibise at
their tips and tarsi yellow ; wings grayish-hyaline. Long. corp. 0.07.
Long. al. 0.09.

Though similar to Discoc. lacteipennis, it is easily distinguished
by its much smaller size, nearly black abdomen and grayish-hyaline
wings not showing any trace of whitish color. Antennae brownish-
yellow, second and third joints brownish on the upper margin ;
bristle with four or five long rays. Face dusted with whitish-gray,
very distinctly keeled on its upper half, farther beneath rather con-
vex, and receding a little again towards the border of the mouth ;
in proportion to the size of the insect, it is narrower than in Dis-
coc. lacteipennis. Eye-rings exceedingly narrow, not becoming
broader downwards. Among the bristles standing in its neighbor-
hood, the uppermost is a little more advanced towards the middle
of the face. Cheeks descending only a little beneath the eyes.
Palpi brownish-yellow. Upper side of the thorax and scutellum
blackish ashy gray, opaque ; the pleura? likewise. Abdomen gray-

DISCOCERINA. 147

ish-black, opaque, almost pure black and shining towards the end;
first segment not strikingly shortened. Femora and tibiae black ;
knees, tibiae at their tips and tarsi yellowish. Halteres white.
Wings grayish-hyaline, with blackish-brown veins; the second seg-
ment of the costal vein is at least half as long again as the third.
Hab. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

3. I>. orliitalis LOEW. £ . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 354, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Cinerea, opaca, colore thoracis magis
in ochraceum, abdominis in nigrum vergente, antennis rufis, oculorum
orbita Candida, alis hyalinis, segrnento costali secuudo tertii longitudi-
nem modice superante.

Cinereous, opaque, color of the thorax merging in ochraceous, that of the
abdomen in black, antenna rufous, orbit of the eyes shining white,
wings hyaline, second costal segment a little longer than the third.
Long. corp. 0.065. Long. al. 0.07.

Head obscure cinereous, opaque, orbit of the eyes rather broad,
not dilated below the eyes, shining white. Face rather broad, the
upper half distinctly keeled, the lower half convex, about six small
bristles each side, which are more distant from the orbita3 than is
generally the case in this genus. Cheeks moderately narrow.
Antennre rufescent, third joint rather obscure. On the upper side
of the thorax and on the scutel the cinereous color merges in
ochraceous ; pleurae somewhat hoary. Abdomen darker than the
rest of the body, black towards the apex, very slightly glossy.
Femora black, hoary, with a whitish pollen ; tibiae and tarsi yel-
lowish, the former with a broad brown ring, the latter with the tip
brown. Halteres white. Wings pure hyaline ; second segment of
the costa a little longer than the third.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

»

4. D. simplex LOEW. (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr., p.
355, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Cinerea, opaca, antennis nigris, setis faciei
utrinque duabus, genis latioribus, tarsis 'flavescentibus, apicem versus
nigris, alis hyalinis.

Cinereous, opaque, antennae black, two bristles each side of the face,
cheeks rather broad, tarsi flavescent, black towards the apex, wings
hyaline. Long. corp. 0.07. Long. al. 0.09.

Yery like D. lacleipennis, but easily distinguished by its black

148 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

antenna?, the smaller number of facial bristles and their different
position, finally, by its hardly whitish wings. Cinereous, opaque.
Front rather broad, a little darker than the remainder of the body,
with an impressed longitudinal line on each side ; frontal lunule
very narrow, whitish pollinose. Antenna? black, a whitish polli-
nose dot on the upper edge of the second joint, bristle pectinated
with four or five long hairs. Face moderately broad, gibbous, its
upper half distinctly keeled, the lower one convex, receding at the
aperture of the mouth. Two bristles on each side of the face,
approximated to the eyes. The very narrow orbit of the eyes
becomes broader on their under side. Cheeks broader than in
most Discocerince. The cinereous color merges into yellowish on
.the thorax ; on the upper side of the abdomen, especially towards
the apex, it becomes more distinctly hoary. Feet concolorous to
the rest of the body, hoary with a whitish pollen ; anterior tarsi
yellowish, blackish towards the tip; hind tarsi entirely obscure.
Halteres white. Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with an impure
whitish, costal vein not incrassated.
Hub. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)

5. I>. leiicoprocta LOEW. 9 • (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 355, by R. Osten-Sackeii.) — Cinerea, abdominis atri segmento
ultimo niveo, alls hyalinis.

Cinereous, abdomen black, its last segment snow white, wings hyaline.
Long. corp. 0.064. Long. al. 0.07.

Front brownish-cinereous, opaque. Antenna? rufous, third joint
fuscous, bristle pectinated with five or six long hairs. Face yel-
lowish-white, its upper half keeled, the lower one convex, furnished
on each side with three strong bristles. The narrow cheeks, as well
as the whole orbit of the eyes, are whitish. Upper side of the
thorax blackish-cinereous, opaque, with short black hairs. Pleura?
whitish pollinose. Scutelluna^concolorous with the thorax. Ab-
domen black, opaque, last segment rather short, shining white.
Fore coxa? black, with a white reflection, yellowish at the tip;
trochanters yellow ; femora black, cinerascent with a whitish pollen,
tip yellow ; fore and hind tibia? black, yellow at basis and apex ;
the intermediate ones entirely flavescent ; all with a whitish re-
flection on the upper side; tarsi yellow, last joint blackish. Wings
hyaline, the third segment of the costa is equal to two-thirds of
the length of the second.

Hob. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)

HYPRELLINA. 149

II. HYDRELLINA.

The tribe of Hydrellina is characterized by the hairy eyes, the
absence of a spine on the second joint of the antennas, and the
absence of long bristles on the upper side of the middle tibia?.
The eyes in some genera are covered with very short, close hairs ;
in other genera these hairs are only scattered, but much longer.
Haliday restricts the Hydrellina to the genera Glenanthe, Hydrel-
lia, and Atissa. It seems that some other genera, as Philygria,
Hyadina, and Axysta can by no means be separated from the
Hydrellina, to which they are much more closely related than to
the Epliydrina by their whole organization, and chiefly by the
structure of the head. The hairs on the eyes of some species of
the three last named genera being very sparingly scattered, and
therefore difficult to observe, perhaps it will not be superfluous
to remark that in the Hydrellina the eyes are always longer and
the face is narrowest beneath the eyes, whereas in all Epliydrina
the eyes are rounder, the horizontal diameter being sometimes even
longer than the vertical, so that the antennas stand where the eyes
are most approximated, and the face increases much in breadth
immediately below them. Moreover, in the Hydrellina the hole
of the mouth is never strikingly widened, and the face downwards
never projects much, whereas the great width of the oral cavity
and the great projection of the inferior part of the face is a most
striking character for the Epliydrina, excepting only the genera
Pelina and Ochthera, A confusion between the two last named
genera with any genus of the Hydrellina is suSiciently prevented
by the entire bareness of their eyes.

The genera of Hydrellina may be arranged as follows: —

Division 1. Eyes with exceedingly close hair.

, ( Antennal bristle with a short pubescence. GLENANTHE Hal.

( Antennal bristle pectinated. 2

2 ( Face convex. HYDRELLIA Desv.

I Face impressed. ATISSA Hal.

Division 2. Eyes with scattered hair.

, ( Face with bristles on both sides. PHILYGKIA Stenh.

\ Face almost bare. 2

f Costal vein running to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein.
HYADINA Hal.
I Costal vein running to the tip of the third longitudinal vein.

AXYSTA Hal.

150 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Xorth American species of the genera Hydrellia and Philygria
only are known to me.

Gen. I. HYDREIXIA R. DESV.

The species of Hydrellia are very easily recognized by the very
short but exceedingly close pubescence of the eyes, and by the
pectinations of the antennal bristle. The other characters are :
Second joint of the antennae not unguiculated ; face rather narrow
and perpendicular, slightly convex, receding a little towards the
border of the mouth ; opening of the mouth not widened ; cheeks
descending very little beneath the eyes. Legs rather slender;
middle tibiae on their upper side without bristles ; costal vein ex-
tending to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein.

Synopsis of the Species.*

, f Anterior coxae yellow. 1 ischiaca, n. sp.

I Anterior coxse blackish. 2

2 ( Face snowy white. 2 hypoleuca, n. sp.

I Face not white. 3

o ( Face brownish-black, opaque. 3 obscuripes, n. sp.

( Face yellow. 4

r Face dark yellow, narrow, much dilated below. 4 scaptilaris, n. sp.
4 < Face pale yellow, rather broad, but little widened below.

I 5 valida, n. sp.

1. H. iscliiaca LOEW. 9- — Subsenescenti-fusca. antennis nigris, facie
punctoque frontali albis, thoracis margine antico pleurisque canis, pedi-
bus ex fusco nigris, coxis anticis, genibus, tibiarum apice tarsorumque
basi ex rufo flavis.

Somewhat brassy brown, antennae black, face and frontal dot white ; ante-
rior border of the thorax and pleura? whitish-gray, legs brownish-black,
anterior coxje, knees, tips of the tibiae and base of the tarsi reddish-
yellow. Long. corp. 0.1. Long. al. 0.11.

Face of medium breadth, slightly dilated below, without keel;
the ground color in the middle is more pronounced, giving it rather
a brownish aspect ; on each side of the face there are four little
bristles, one above the other. Palpi yellow, cheeks a little de-
scending. Antennae entirely black ; the bristle in the described
specimen has seven rays. Front proportionately broad, dusted
with brown; the dot immediately above the antennae white. Upper

* The species No. 6 has not been included in this synopsis. — 0. S.

HYDRELLINA. 151

side of the thorax dusted with brown ; its anterior border, shoul-
ders, lateral border and pleurte grayish-white with white dust.
Scutellum like the upper side of the thorax, only a little more
glossy. Abdomen almost blackish-brown, not very shining, but
also little dusted. Legs brownish-black; fore coxae yellow, some-
what infuscated at the base ; all the knees brownish-yellow ; end
of the foremost tibias for a little distance and the end of the mid-
dle and hindmost as far as the middle, reddish-yellow; fore tarsi
only at the base, middle tarsi as far as the middle, the hind tarsi
as far as the end of the fourth joint, reddish-yellow. Poisers
yellow. Wings a little grayish ; second segment of the costal vein
nearly half as long again as the third. Hydrell. iscliiaca is rather
similar to the European species: fulviceps Stenh., pilitarsis Steuh ,
and laticeps Stenh. ; from the first it is sufficiently distinguished
by its broader face being dusted with whitish ; from pilitarsis like-
wise by its broader and whitish-dusted face, and moreover by the
pure white color of the frontal dot, the much whiter dust on the
shoulders, anterior and lateral borders of the thorax and pleura?,
and finally by the much more extensive pale color of the legs ;
from laticeps by the rather less breadth of the front and face, by
the wings showing no whitish appearance in any direction, and by
the less extensive pale color of the legs.
Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. H. liypoleuca LOEW. 9 • — Subsenescenti-fusca, antennis nigris,
facie punctoque frontali candidis, thoracis margine antico et niargine
laterali, pleuris ventreque albo-pollinosis, pedibus nigris, nietatarsis
posticis rufis.

Somewhat brassy -brown, antennae black, face and frontal dot pure white ;
anterior and lateral borders of the thorax, pleurae, and the whole under
side of the abdomen dusted with white ; legs black, first joint of the
hind tarsi red. Long. corp. 0.11. Long. al. 0.12.

Very similar to the European H. incana Hal., which Mr.
Haliday thinks to be the same as H. ranunculi, previously de-
scribed by him. Face snowy white, not very narrow, underneath
broader, slightly keeled in its whole length, beset on each side
with three small bristles. Palpi yellow. Cheeks descending but
little below the eyes. Antennae black ; antennal bristle in the
described specimen with five rays. Front dusted with brown,
opaque; anterior border, but especially the shoulder and lateral

152 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

border dusted with whitish ; the foremost beginning of a grayish-
white middle line is indistinctly indicated. Pleurae dusted with
whitish. Scutellum dusted with brown and opaque. Upper side
of the abdomen only a little dusted, and therefore a little greener
and less opaque. The under side and the part of the upper ab-
dominal plates which is turned downwards, covered with white dust ;
this dust extends to the upper side of the abdomen on the poste-
rior part of each segment. Legs black; first joint of the middl'e
and hind tarsi yellowish-red; first joint of the fore tarsi brown at
the base. Poisers yellow. Wings hyaline, rather grayish; the
second segment of the costal vein distinctly half as long again as
the third. This species diifers from H. incana by the pure white
dust on the anterior and lateral borders of the thorax, as well as
on the pleurae.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

I

3. H. ol>scuriceps LOEW. $, . — Subsenesceriti-fusca, abdomine magis
virescente, anteunis nigris, facie brunneo-nigra, puncto frontal! albido,
pleuris cinereis, pedibus ex fusco nigris, tarsis posterioribus in basi
nigris.

Brassy brown, abdomen more greenish, antennse black ; face brownish-
black with a whitish frontal dot ; pleurse ashy gray ; legs brownish-black,
base of the middle and hind tarsi red. Long. corp. 0.1. Long. al. 0.1.

Face rather narrow above, a little widening underneath, not
keeled, of a brownish-black velvety color; on each side there are
three small bristles, one above the other. Palpi yellow. Cheeks
descending very little below the eyes. Antennas black, in some
directions with a whitish reflection ; antennal bristle in the described
specimen with six rays. The dot immediately above the antennae
dusted with whitish, but not strikingly so. Front and upper side
of the thorax dusted with brown, opaque; anterior and lateral
borders of the thorax as well the shoulder without pale dust.
Pleura pale ashy gray, more brown above. Scutellum of the same
color as the upper side of the thorax. Abdomen brownish metal-
lic-green, somewhat glossy; first segment much shortened, second
and third of equal length, fourth a little longer, fifth as long as
the second and third together, rather broadly truncate at its end,
somewhat convex. Legs brownish-black ; first joint of the pos-
terior tarsi yellowish-red; the first joint of the foremost tarsi
brownish-red only at the base. Poisers yellow. Wings hyaline, a

HYDRELLINA. 153

little grayish; the second segment of the costal vein scarcely half
as long again as the third. Not possessing any of the few Eu-
ropean HydrellifB with dark colored faces, I cannot point out bow
H. obscuriceps differs from them.

Hal. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. II. scapularis LOEW. 9 • — Subsenescenti-fusca, antennis nigris,
facie ochracea, puncto frontali pallidius flavo, interdum albido, thoracis
margine antico, hunieris pleurisque albo-pollinosis, pedibus nigris, me-
tatarsis posticis rufis.

Brassy-brown ; antennae black, face ochraceous, frontal dot paler yellow,
sometimes whitish, anterior border of the thorax, shoulders, and pleurae
dusted with white; legs black, first joint of the hind tarsi red. Long.
corp. 0.1. Long. al. 0.12.

Very similar to H. hypoleuca, notwithstanding the different color
of its face, but certainly not a variation in color of that species.
Face a little narrower above than in the latter, quite as broad
underneath, thus appearing more dilated below, likewise keeled on
its whole length, but more distinctly and a little less obtusely; on
each side of it there are three small bristles; its color is dark
ochraceous. Antennas black; bristle with five or six rays. Front
dusted with brown, opaque, narrower than in H. hypoleuca; the
dot immediately above the antenna? is dusted with paler yellow or
whitish. Thorax dusted with brown, opaque, the dust not being
so thick as to prevent its color from inclining a little to greenish ;
its outermost anterior border and the shoulders are dusted with
whitish ; the dust of the pleurae is of the same color. Upper side
of the abdomen greener than that of the thorax, slightly dusted,
but also slightly glossy; its under side and the part of the upper
abdominal plates which is turned downward, are but thinly dusted
with whitish. Legs black; first joint of the posterior tarsi yellow-
ish-red ; first joint of the anterior tarsi brown at the base. Poisers
yellow. Wings glassy, rather grayish; the second segment of the
costal vein more than half as long again as the third.

Hob. United States. (Schaum.)

5. H. valida LOEW. 9. — Inter majores sui generis; glauco-cinerea,
tota opaca, facie latiuscula pallide ochracea, antennis pedibusque nigris,
basi tarsorum omnium rufa.

Belonging to the largest species of this genus ; greenish-gray, opaque every-

154 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

where ; face rather broad, pale ochraceous ; antennae and legs black ;
base of all the tarsi red. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.15.

Face rather broad, becoming a little broader upwards, only
slightly keeled above, ochraceous, with three small bristles on
each side. Palpi yellow. Cheeks slightly descending. Antennae
black; antennal bristle in the described specimen with five rays.
Front greenish-gray and opaque in consequence of its grayish
dust; the dot above the antenna? has a still duller yellow color
than the face and is not conspicuous. Upper side of the thorax
and scutellutn greenish-gray and opaque from its whitish-gray dust.
Pleura? a little paler greenish-gray. Abdomen grayish-green,
opaque, with the fifth segment considerably longer than the fourth.
Legs black; tarsi yellowish-red as far as the end of the first joint;
also the knees, chiefly those of the hind legs, are of this color.
Poisers yellow. Wings relatively to the length of the body, large,
hyaline ; the veins in the neighborhood of the base pale ochraceous ;
the second segment of the costal vein about twice as long as the
third; the posterior transverse vein does not stand quite perpen-
dicularly to the longitudinal axis of the wing, but is slightly
oblique.

Hah. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

6. H. formosa LOEW. 9 • (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 355, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Atra, thoracis dorso, abdorninis apice
marginibusque nitidis, fronte, thoracis macula lateral! permagna scutel-
loque aterrirnis, opacis, facie, puncto frontali, pleurarurnque vitta supe-
riore, candidis, femoribus nigris, tibiis tarsisque pallidis, alis cinereo-
hyaliuis.

Dark, thorax above, tip of the abdomen and its borders shining ; front, a
large spot on the side of the thorax and scutellum deep black, opaque ;
the face, a dot on the front and a band on the upper side of the pleurae
shining white, femora black, tibiae and tarsi pale, wings cinereous-hya-
line. Long. corp. 0.057. Long. al. 0.064.

Face moderately convex, not keeled, bright shining white.
Cheeks very narrow, black. Front and superior part of occiput
deep black, velvety, with a striking shining white frontal mark.
Antennas black, third joint rufous, margined with black above,
bristle pectinated with scattered black hairs. Thorax very shining
above, on each side a large, deep black, velvety lateral spot.

HYDRELLINA. 155

Scutellum deep black, opaque, with a narrow subcinereous border.
Pleurae black, with a broad, shining white band above. Abdomen
black, opaque, the apical half as well as the lateral borders shining.
Femora black ; tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish, the upper edge of
the former with a white reflection, terminal joint of the latter
black. Halteres pale lemon-yellow. Wings cinereous-hyaline,
second segment of the costa somewhat longer than the third ; third
longitudinal vein ending at the very tip of the wing ; posterior
transverse vein occupying the middle between the basis and the
tip of the wing.

Hab. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — This species, although very much like Philhygria
picta Fall, and the allied species, proves to be a true Hydrellia on
account of the short and very dense pubescence of its eyes.

Gen. II. PHILYGRIA STENH.

Haliday has employed for this genus the name Hydrina, given
by Rob. Desvoidy; but as this name, being derived from Hydra,
is also used in the family of Polypi, it seems more advisable to
adopt for it the name Philygria of Stenhammar ; otherwise this
name would not be used at all, the two other genera, which joined
with -the present, form the genus Philygria of Stenhammar, being
already possessed of their authorized names, Hyadina and Axysta.
The genus Philygria, taken in the present sense, may be character-
ized in the following manner: Second joint of the antennas not
unguiculated; antennal bristle with a short pubescence. Eyes dis-
tinctly hairy, rather rounded, but higher than broad, slightly pro-
minent. Face descending obliquely, narrowed upwards, receding
a little towards the mouth, the anterior border of which is a little
pointed; on both sides there are distinct bristles. Clypeus unde-
veloped ; mentum rather thickened ; cheeks slightly descending.
The costal vein attains the fourth longitudinal vein ; the posterior
transverse vein is rather distant from the border of the wing.

1. I*, fiiscicarnis LOEW. Fusco-cinerea, abdoniine nigricante, facie
flavescente, pedibus nigris, tarsis rufis, in apice fuscis. alis cinerascen-
tibus, cellula discoidali et gutta pone venam transversam posteriorem
limpidioribus, venis transversis fusco-limbatis.

Brownish-gray ; abdomen black'isli, face yellowish ; wings gray with the
discoidal cell and a drop behind the posterior transverse vein more hya-

156 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

line ; transverse veins margined with blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.9.
Long. al. 0.11.

It lias a certain resemblance with Philygr. femorata Stenh. and
interrupta Hal., namely, the form of its face is almost as in the
latter, and likewise more yellowish on the middle, whitish on the
lateral borders and towards the cheeks. Antennas blackish, ap-
pearing whitish-gray in certain directions, brownish on the inferior
border only, when held against the light. Thorax grayish-brown,
on its anterior border dusted with whitish-gray; its darker stripes
are obsolete, but more visible in the neighborhood of the anterior
border, where they extend a little into the brighter gray color.
Scutellum as the upper side of the thorax. Pleurae gray. Ab-
domen grayish-black, more black towards the end, not glossy.
Legs black, tarsi yellowish-red as far as the fourth joint. Wings
grayish with a hyaline spot behind the posterior transverse vein
and with a rather clearer discoidal cell ; the clearer color of the
latter is only seen if the light shines through the wing and the
wing is looked at in an oblique direction, while the clear spot be-
hind the posterior transverse vein is distinctly seen in every direc-
tion. The two transverse veins have only a very narrow and
ill-defined dark margin, and the posterior transverse vein is a
little less distant from the posterior border of the wing than is
usual in this genus ; the second longitudinal vein being very long,
the second segment of the costal vein is more than twice as long
as the third.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. P. opposita LOEW. % . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 356, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Ex cinereo fusca, abdomine atro
nitido, alarum venis longitudiualibus secunda, terti& et quarta nigro-
punctatis, venis transversis late nigro-limbatis.

Cinereous-brown, abdomen black, shining, the second, third and fourth
longitudinal veins of the wings spotted with black, transverse veins
broadly clouded with black. Long. corp. 0.07 — 0.09. Long. al. 0.095.

Cinereous-brown, opaque. Ocellar triangle large, concolorous,
rather indistinctly separated from the remainder of the front. Two
basal joints of the antennae black, the third black, with the bases
and the apical half impurely rufous. Face narrow, black, with a

HYDRELLINA. 157

whitish pollen, its middle portion flavescent below. Facial orbital
of the eyes narrow, with a white reflection. Thorax obscure,
cinereous brown above, with very narrow, obsolete darker lines.
Pleuras dark cinereous. Scutellum concolorous with the thorax.
Abdomen black, very glossy, a large obscurely cinereous opaque
basal spot, not attaining the posterior margin of the second seg-
ment. Legs yellowish ferruginous, last joint of tarsi black, base
of femora sometimes fuscous. Wings cinereous hyaline, veins
black ; short stumps of veins clouded with black, proceed from the
second, third, and fourth longitudinal veins ; the third vein emits
four such stumps, all of which, except the last, are opposed to
similar stumps on the second vein ; the last segment of the fourth
vein generally emits two stumps; the ordinary transverse veins are
broadly clouded with black. The second segment of the costa is
almost twice as long as the third.

Hab. Pennsylvania. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — Phil, opposita is very like P. punctato-nervosa
Fall., but distinguished by a more brown color, a more narrowed
face, darker legs and antenna, a larger portion of the abdomen
colored with black and by a smaller number of dots on the wings.
The facial orbits of the eyes, which are much narrowed in P.
opposita, evidently prove it to be a distinct species.

Note. — Some specimens have^/tfe stumps on the third vein, opposed to
four on the second, and more than two stumps on the last segment of the
fourth vein. 0. S.

3. P. deMlis LOEW. % . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. 1861,
p. 356, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Nigro-cinerea, opaca, antennis totis nigris,
fronte atra opaca, triangulo ocellari maxinio, nigro-cinereo, ultimo abdo-
minis segrnento atro, nitido, pedibus obscuris, genibus, tibiarum anteri-
orum apice, tarsisque flavescentibus, horum apice nigro, alis cinereo-
hyalinis, circa venas transversales infuscatas limpidioribus.

Blackish-cinereous, opaque, antennae entirely black, fro-nt black, opaque,
ocellar triangle very large, blackish-cinereous, last segment of the ab-
domen black, shining, feet obscure, knees, tip of the anterior tibiae and
tarsi yellowish, tip of the latter black, wings cinereous-hyaline, with
clearer spaces round the infuscated transverse veins. Long. corp. 0.05.
Long. al. 0.064.

Blackish-cinereous, opaque. Front black, with a very narrow
white marginal line on each side and the rather large ocellar

158 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

triangle, blackish-cinereous. Antennas entirely black. Face yel-
lowish, orbits narrow, whitish. Thorax above with very narrow
almost obsolete lines. Abdomen a little darker and less opaque
than the thorax, last segment black, smooth. Legs blackish,
knees and tip of the anterior tibiae yellowish, hind tibiee either alto-
gether blackish, or marked with a narrow, very obsolete pale ring,
tarsi yellowish, their last joints blackish. Halteres impure white,
knob somewhat darker. Wings cinereo-hyaline, with clearer
spaces round the infuscated transverse veins, second costal seg-
ment almost twice as long as the third.

Jfab. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — This species is very like Philygr. femorata Stenh.,
but distinguished by entirely black antennse, by a less obtuse an-
terior angle of the ocellar triangle and by a conspicuously longer
second costal segment.

III. EPHYDRIXA.

The JEphydrina are well characterized by their quite naked, prom-
inent, and usually much rounded eyes, by the second joint of their
antennae not unguiculated, and by the middle tibiae without spinous
bristles on their upper side. By the genus Pelina they are nearest
related to the latter genera of Hydrellina. The mentum is much
enlarged and swollen in almost all the genera, the oral cavity
generally of large width. The genera with less widely opened
mouth, as Pelina and Ochthera, so manifestly bear the chief cha-
racters of Ephydrina, that no doubt can arise about their systema-
tic position.

The genera of Ephydrina hitherto established may be arranged
as follows : —

Division 1. Clypeus prominent.
, ( The small basal cells of the wings complete. CANACE Hal.

\ The small basal cells of the wings wanting. 2

n ( Oral cavity proportionally narrow.

( Oral cavity exceedingly wide. 4

„ ( Fore femora not thickened. PELINA Hal.

\ Fore femora much thickened. OCHTHERA Lair.

f Costal vein attaining the third longitudinal vein.
4 -| BRACHYDEUTERA Loew.

(. Costal vein attaining the fourth longitudinal vein. 5

EPHYDRINA. 159

fFace on each side with a long bristle; lateral border of the mouth

without bristles. PARYDRA Stenh.

[ Face on each side with several long bristles ; lateral border of the

mouth with bristles. HALMOPOTA Hal,

Division 2. Clypeus retracted in the oral cavity.

1

Claws almost straight, pulvilli indistinct. EPHYDRA Fall.
Claws curved, pulvilli distinct.

„ ( Oral border quite bare. ILYTUEA Hal.

\ Oral border with bristles. 3

o ( Antennal bristle bare. TICHOMYZA Macq.

( Antennal bristle not bare. 4

A ( Antennal bristle pubescent. SCATELLA R. Desv.

(. Antennal bristle pectinated. C^ENIA R. Desv.

The North American Ephydrina known to me belong to the
five genera : Ochthera, Brachydeutera, Parydra, Ephydra, and
Scatella.

Gen. I. OCHTHERA LATK.

One of the most distinct genera of Ephydrina. Front very
broad ; antennal bristle above, with three rays. Face above
moderately broad, with two furrow-like longitudinal impressions
approaching each other very much on the middle, then diverging
from each other as they descend, and finally continued in a direc-
tion parallel to the lateral border of the mouth ; on the surface of
the face there are some fine and short hairs, but no bristles at all.
The face and cheeks descend very deep beneath the large promi-
nent eyes, but are again contracted sensibly towards the opening
of the mouth, rendering it smaller than in any of the other genera
of Ephydrina. Clypeus having the form of a small flat lamella,
projecting beyond the anterior border of the mouth. The fore
coxaB a little prolonged ; the fore femora exceedingly swollen,
furrowed on their under side for the reception of the curved tibise,
which terminate in a spine, and beset with a few small bristles ;
the first joint of the hind tarsi more or less thickened. The costal
vein of the wings reaches to the fourth longitudinal vein ; the
second segment of the costa is proportionally very long; the pos-
terior transverse vein is very oblique ; the third and fourth longi-
tudinal veins converge rather remarkably towards their ends.

Observation. — Th. Say has described a fly as Ochthera empifor-
mis ; but on a closer consideration of his "observations on the an-
terior femora, the color of the insect, and its small size, it becomes

160 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

indubitable that he has been deceived relatively to the true charac-
ters of the genus Ochthera, and it is to be supposed that his OcJdhcra
empiformis is an insect belonging to the Tachydromidse.

Synopsis of the Species.

( Face with deep black furrows and dots. 1 exsculpta, n. sp.

( Face without black furrows and dots. 2

9 ( First joint of the hind tarsi but little swollen. 2 mantis Deg.

i First joint of the hind tarsi much swollen. 3

„ ( Tarsi black, face broad. 3 rapax, n. sp.

( Tarsi red, face narrow. 4 tuberculata, u. sp.

1. O. exscillpta LOEW. £. — Fades angustissiuia, lineis punctisque
exsculptis ornata ; tibiae anticae rufae.

Face exceedingly narrow, with shining-black furrows and impressed black
dots ; fore tibiae red. Long. corp. 0.16. Long. al. 0.16.

A readily distinguished species, not quite equalling the three
following in size. Front narrower than in all the other known
species, almost entirely covered with a large shining spot having
the form of a regular trapezium, near which the color is velvety-
black at the borders of the eyes and brownish on the anterior cor-
ners of the front. Eyes larger and longer than in the other spe-
cies. Face unusually narrow, dusted with yellow ; a shining black
furrow runs from the tubercle placed in the middle of the face to
the border of the mouth, and has on each side a similar furrow,
the under part of which is laterally continued in a parallel direction
to the border of the mouth ; the lateral parts of the face have
some impressed, rather coarse, dots. Clypeus sensibly smaller
than in the other species. The fore femora black ; the fore tibia?
and tarsi red, the first joint of the latter a little longer and a little
less pear-shaped than in the other species. The middle and the
hind legs black ; the tips of the knees and the tibia? on their first
third red ; the first joint of the middle tarsi red as far as the tip,
the following joints being so only at the base ; the first joint of
the hind tarsi is very little swollen, the second and following joints
red at the base.

Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

OCHTHERA. 161

2. O. mantis DEG. £ and 9 • — Pedes nigri, tibiis intermediis non
dilatatis. tarsorum intermediorum basi rufS,, metatarso postico modice
incrassato.

Legs black ; middle tibiae not enlarged, middle tarsi red at the base, first
joint of the hind tarsi only little swollen. Long. corp. 0.24 — 0.25.
Long. al. 0.2.

I am quite unable to distinguish this species, so common in the
Middle States of the Union, from the European Ochlh. mantis.
It is true, indeed, that in most American specimens the eyes are a
little more distant from each other than in the European; but this
difference in some cases disappears entirely; nor do the European
specimens altogether agree in this respect. The color of the face
is likewise as variable as in the European specimens. As mark-
ings, distinguishing this species from the two next ones, which
resemble it very much, the following may be noted : The ground
color of the legs, in well-colored specimens, is black, only the mid-
dle tarsi being red from their base for a very variable extent. The
middle tibia3 are considerably narrower than in Ochth. rapax and
tuberculata, and entirely dusted on their anterior side; the first
joint of the hind tarsi is very little swollen and rather long.

Halt. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

3. O. tuberculata LOEW. $. — Pedes nigri, tibiis intermediis subdila-
tatis, tarsis omnibus obscure rufis, metatarso postico nigro, valde iucras-
sato.

Legs black; middle tibiae a little enlarged ; all the tarsi dark red, the first
joint of the hind tarsi black and very much swollen. Long. corp. 0.18.
Long. al. 0.17.

Yery similar to Ochth. mantis, but its face is considerably nar-
rower in its upper part, and the elevation in the middle of it forms
more distinctly a small double knob. The middle tibia? are broader,
on their outer edge sharper, and polished on a great part of its
anterior side ; the knees of the hind legs and all the tarsi brown-
ish-red, the last joint of the latter more brownish ; the first joint of
the hindmost tarsi black, mueh swollen.

Hob. Illinois. (Schaum.)
11

162 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. O. rapax LOEW. ^ . — Pedes riigri, tibiis intennecliis subdilatatis,

tarsorum iutermediorum basi rufa, metatarso postico valde incrassato.

Legs black, middle tibise a little enlarged, middle tarsi red at the base,
first joint of the hind tarsi much swollen. Long. corp. 0.16. Long. al.
0.17.

Yery similar to Ochth. tuberculata in the form of the legs, only
the middle tibise are of a less equal breadth, but become sensibly
broader towards their end. It is also very easily distinguished
from Ochth. tuberculata by its broader and shorter face showing
only an exceedingly flat elevation in the middle. Legs entirely
black, only at the base of the first joint of the middle tarsi there
is a slight red tinge; the first joint of the hindmost tarsi is still a
little shorter and thicker than in Ochth. mantis. The wings have
rather a more distinct blackish-gray clouding than in the other
species. It differs from Ochth. mantis by its shorter face, the flat-
ter elevation in the middle of it, and the much shorter and thicker
basal joint of its posterior tarsi.

Hob. Carolina. (Zimmermaun.)

Gen. II. BRACHYDEUTERA LOEW.

Eyes naked, proportionately rather large. Front exceedingly
broad. Second joint of the antennae not unguiculated, as large
as the third, the latter rounded ; antennal bristle with unusually
long rays. Upper part of the face deeply impressed on both sides,
and with a keel, resembling a nose, in the middle; the lower part
of it is very prominent. The anterior end of the oral margin very
much ascending and allowing the convex clypeus to appear. Be-
sides, the whole face is quite bare, with the cheeks descending
but very little beneath the eyes. Legs quite bare, rather slender
and long; anterior tarsi elongated and exceedingly slender; claws
small and delicate, pulvilli rather indistinct. Costal vein of the
wing reaching only to the tip of the third longitudinal vein; second
longitudinal vein exceedingly short and curved towards the costa
like an arch, so that the third segment of the costa is several times
longer than the second; the small transverse vein is unusually dis-
tant from the base of the wing; the posterior transverse vein is at
a little distance from the border of the wing and has a nearly per-
pendicular position ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein is much attenuated.

BRACHYDEUTERA. 163

1. B. diniicliata LOEW. 9- — Superius brunnea, inferius tota Can-
dida.

On the upper side brown, on the whole under side white. Long. corp.
0.13—0.14. Long. al. 0.14—17. '

Dark brown and entirely opaque on the whole upper side. In
well preserved specimens there are, on the upper side of the thorax,
two somewhat grayish-brown, approximated, longitudinal lines,
which commence at the anterior end of the thorax and stop before
reaching the posterior end; between them there is the trace of a
fine pale middle line, which becomes more distinct at the posterior
end of the thorax and is continued through the scutellum; there
are besides two other longitudinal lines, which, being nearer the
lateral border and interrupted in the neighborhood of the suture,
are not truncated posteriorly and continue indistinctly on the lateral
borders of the scutellum. Some specimens show very faiut 'traces
of these markings of the thorax. The keel, resembling a nose, on
the upper part of the face is dark brown ; the remainder of the
face together with the cheeks, and the inferior half of the occiput,
breast, and pleurae, as well as the part of the upper abdominal
plates which are much turned downwards, are almost silvery white;
this color on the last abdominal segments ascends a little to the
upper side of the posterior borders. Legs in well-colored indi-
viduals blackish-brown, only the apical third of the femora and the
first half of the posterior tibia? being more or less reddish-brown;
in less distinctly colored specimens often only the tips of the tibia?
and the tarsi are blackish-brown, all the remainder being brownish-
yellow. Wings hyaline with brownish-black veins, sometimes more
clouded with grayish in the neighborhood of the costa ; the third
segment of the costa is twice and a half or three times longer than
the second.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A female sent by Poey from Cuba differs from
those received from Baron Osten-Sacken by its brown wing-veins
and clay-yellow legs, the tarsi only being of a dark-brown color ;
but it is only a paler colored specimen of Brachyd. dimidiata,
which became still paler in the course of time.

164 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Gen. III. PARYDRA STENH.

Form of the body short and stout. Thorax and scutellum very
convex. Front very broad. Antennal bristle on the upper side
with a short pubescence, which in some species is difficult to
perceive ; bare towards the end. Face very broad, not so much
vaulted as in the true Ephydrce, but with a convexity descending
more obliquely, on each side with a very characteristic, long, curved,
hair-like bristle, beneath which are some shorter hairs, hardly per-
ceptible in some species. Clypeus prominent. Cheeks descend-
ing beneath the eyes. Lateral borders of the mouth quite bare.
Mentum exceedingly thickened. Legs short and rather clumsy.
The small transverse vein of the wings is behind the middle of
the discoidal cell, consequently proportionately far from the base
of the wing ; the posterior transverse vein is not very near the
border of the wing, and has a more or less oblique position ; the
alula is strikingly large.

The species of this genus may be divided into two sections, the
first of which comprises thickly hairy species with very convex faces.
In North America only naked species, belonging to the second
section, have been as yet discovered ; they are very similar to the
European species of this section ; however, they appear to have
more plastic differences than these, and to be consequently more
easily distinguished from each other. This can be said at least of
the four species known to me, none of which is provided with the
small appendage of the second longitudinal vein distinguishing
some of the European species.

Synopsis of the Species.*

, ( Scutellum with conical warts. 2

I Scutellum without conical warts. 3

2 f Scutellum with two warts. 1 bituberculata, n. sp.

1 Scutellum with four warts. 2 quadrituberculata, n. sp.

o / Face nearly perpendicular. 3 breviceps, u. sp.

I Face descending obliquely. 4 paullula, n. sp.

* The species No. 5 has not been included in this synopsis. — 0. S.

PARYDRA. 165

1. P. Mtllbercillata LOEW. £ and 9. — Ex brunneo senescens,
alis cinereo-hyalinis, venis transversis nigro-limbatis, scutello bituber-
culato.

Brassy-brown, wings grayish with black margins of the transverse veins ;
scutellum with two warts. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.18. Long. al. 0.17.

Yery similar to Parydra aquila Fall, in size, form, and color.
Face proportionally not very prominent, dusted with brown ; the
characteristic bristle on each side proportionally slender ; upwards
near it, but a little more towards the middle of the face, is a rather
distinct, impressed spot; the shorter hairs inserted beneath it are
hardly perceptible. Orbitae and cheeks very broad ; clypeus very
prominent. Antennae black ; antennal bristle hair-like and bare
towards the end, stouter about the middle, and with a short pubes-
cence on the upper side. Upper side of the thorax with rather
indistinct stripes ; the rows of fine punctures, including the stripes,
a little more distinct than in the other species. Scutellum at the
tip with two not approximated warts, bearing at the end the two
usual small bristles of the scutellum. Legs dark, with only the
tarsi usually red with black tips ; there are individuals with much
darker tarsi ; the white reflection at the base and tip of the tibiae
not very striking. Wings clouded with grayish, having brownish-
black veins and black margins of the transverse veins, in the
neighborhood of which the surface of the wings is more distinctly
hyaline ; the second segment of the costa is nearly twice as long
as the third ; the ends of the third and fourth longitudinal veins
parallel. There are some specimens, the faces of which are dusted
with dull whitish ; but these certainly belong to the same species.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

35. P. quadritll"bercillata LOEW. £ and £>. — Nigro-senea, alis
hyalinis, veuis transversis interdum nigro-limbatis, scutello quadritu-
beruulato.

Brassy-black, wings hyaline, transverse veins sometimes margined with
blackish ; scutellum with four warts. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

Similar to the preceding species in color, but a little blacker,
not quite equalling it in size. Face generally dusted with white,
the dust less frequently quite yellowish on the upper part; the
under part of the face projects somewhat less than in Parydra Ut,u-
berculata; the characteristic bristle on each side is very slender and

106 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rather short ; no impressed spot in its neighborhood ; the short
small hairs beneath it are scarcely visible ; eye-rings and cheeks
very broad, but the latter a little narrower than in Parydr. bitu-
berculata. Antenna? black ; the bristle towards its end excessively
slender, being stouter to about its middle, and provided on its
upper side with a hardly distinguishable pubescence. Thorax
rather indistinctly striped ; the two longitudinal lines formed by
fine scarcely visible punctures. Scutellum on its tip with two very
approximated conical warts, on the tips of which are the two small
bristles usually inserted at the end of the scutellum ; on each side
there is a similar tubercle, ending likewise in a small bristle. Tibise
and tarsi usually brownish-red, with blackened tips ; but there are
specimens with the tibiae quite black and the tarsi brown only at
the base, the remainder being quite black ; only in recently devel-
oped specimens the anterior side of the tibia? is dusted with white
on their whole length ; this white dust is generally interrupted
behind the middle of the tibiae. Wings proportionally a little
longer than in the other species ; the second segment of the costa
is about one-half longer than the third; the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein is unusually long, showing the trace of a
slight convergency towards the third longitudinal vein ; the fifth
longitudinal vein is truncated immediately behind the posterior
transverse vein ; otherwise the wings are hyaline with a very faint
grayish tinge ; the veins are brownish-black as far as the base, or
frequently brown or brownish-yellow in the neighborhood of the
base ; sometimes this brownish-yellow color on the costal vein ex-
tends to far beyond the middle of the wing ; the transverse veins
in most specimens are not margined, or show only a trace of black-
ish-gray clouding ; but sometimes they have rather broad blackish
margins, the surface of the wing being clearer in their neighborhood ;
these margins are found particularly in specimens which have a
blacker coloration and almost entirely black legs. The deviations
are more remarkable than those occurring in the other species of
Parydra; but there are various transitions between them, which
make it improbable that there is more than one species.
Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

PARYDRA. 161

3. P. toreviceps LOEW. 9 . — Nigro-senea, facie subperpendiculari, scu-
tello inutico, venis alarum transversis obscure linibatis.

Blackish-aeneous, face rather perpendicular, scutellum without warts ;
transverse veins of the wing margined with obscure. Long. corp. 0.16.
Long. al. 0.16.

Blackish-aeneous. Face dusted with brown, less projecting
than in any other Parydra known to me, consequently almost
quite perpendicular. Orbita? excessively narrow ; the characteris-
tic small bristle on each side of the face is of moderate length and
rather slender ; beneath it there are a few shorter distinctly visible
hairs. Clypeus very narrow ; cheeks broad. Antennae black ;
the bristle rather slender even at its basal half, hair-like towards
its end, with a short but distinct pubescence on its upper side
reaching beyond the middle. Thorax rather indistinctly striped ;
scutellnm without tubercles, as is the case in the European species.
Femora black. Tibiae reddish-brown, with a little white reflection
at the base and tip, but in the specimen now before me it is too
rubbed off to afford any certainty about its extent and nature.
Abdomen rather shining, almost with a band of whitish-gray hoar
on the posterior border of each segment. Wings rather tinged
with grayish, having blackish margins on the transverse veins, the
surface of the wings being more hyaline in their neighborhood.
The second longitudinal vein is considerably shorter than in the
two preceding species, in consequence of which the second segment
of the costa is but little longer than the third ; the ends of the
third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel ; the fifth longitu-
dinal vein curves a little posteriorly at the second half of the dis-
coidal cell.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. p. paullula LOEW. 9. — Omnium minutissima, facie proclivi,
genis angustis.

Very small ; face projecting obliquely, cheeks very narrow. Long. corp.
0.06—0.07. Long. al. 0.06—0.07.

A very small species, of which I have only a single somewhat
immature specimen, so that I am unable to say more of its colors
than that they appear to differ little from those of the other species.
Face descending obliquely, and therefore rather projecting with
its lower parts ; the characteristic bristle on each side rather long

] 68 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

and unusually near the border of the mouth. Clypeus and cheeks
excessively narrow. Antennae black, the bristle with fine pubes-
cence to beyond the middle. Scutellum without marginal tuber-
cles ; the two small bristles on its tip rather distant from each
other. Wings in better colored individuals undoubtedly with much
gray clouding and blackish margins of the transverse veins, in the
neighborhood of which the surface of the wings is more glossy;
the second segment of the costa is only a fifth longer than the
third ; the ends of the third and fourth longitudinal veins with a
trace of a slight divergency ; the fifth longitudinal vein extends to
the border of the wing.

This species is very similar to Parydra pusitta Meig.

5. P. a"b"breviata LOEW. % . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.
1861, p. 357, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Minuta, antenuis tibiisque ferru-
gineis ; alse infuscatse guttis aliquot liyalinis distinctissimis ornatae,
segmento costse tertio secundi longitudinem paulo excedente, venis lon-
gitudinalibus tertia et quarta distincte divergentibus.

Small, antennse and tibiae ferruginous ; wings infuscated, with several
hyaline, very distinct dots, third segment of the costa somewhat exceed-
ing the second in length, third and fourth longitudinal veins distinctly
diverging. Long. corp. 0.07. Long. al. 0.07.

Olivaceous. Antennae obscure ferruginous, the two first seg-
ments and the upper edge of the third, black ; the whole bristle
has a short pubescence above. Face moderately sloping, the or-
dinary bristle on each side is not more approximated to the peri-
stoma than in most of the congeners. Cheeks narrow. Scutellum
not tuberculated. Legs black, knees, tibiee and base of tarsi fer-
ruginous ; the whitish pollen, generally extant on the tibiae of the
allied species, is wanting here. Wings rather short, distinctly
infuscated, marked with seven rather large hyaline spots ; second
longitudinal vein with a very short, hardly perceptible appendage ;
third and fourth veins diverging near the apex ; second costal
segment almost equal in length to the third.

Hub. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

EPHYDRA. 169

Gen. IV. EPHYDRA FALL.

The hairy, exceedingly vaulted, and very projecting face, the
very large opening of the mouth with ciliated border, the con-
cealed clypeus, the nearly straight and rather long claws, and
the indistinct pulvilli, characterize the genus Ephydra. The bris-
tle of the antennae is usually pubescent, sometimes almost pecti-
nated with short rays. The genera nearest related to Ephytfra
are Ccenia and Scatella, the claws of which are curved and the
pulvilli distinct. The genus Tichomyza is not so near to the genus
Epltydra and may be easily distinguished from it by its unusually
large pulvilli.

1. E. atro-virens LOEW. £ and £ . — Obscure viridis, nitida brun-
neo-pollinosa, antennamm articulo tertio unipili, seta brevissime pube-
rula; £ quinto abdominis segmento prsecedente breviore, hypopygio
brevi, marginem segmenti quart! posteriorem non attingente.

Dark green, glossy, dusted with brown; third joint of the antennae with a
hair, the terminal bristle with very short pubescence ; £ , fifth segment
of the abdomen shorter than the fourth, hypopygium short, not reach-
ing the posterior border of the fourth ventral segment. Long. corp. 0.17
—0.18. Long. al. 0.17—0.18.

Exceedingly similar to the European Ephydra micans Hal., so
that I am unable to distinguish the female of the two species, but
the much shorter hypopygium of the male characterizes the species
as a distinct one. Dark metallic green, very shining, but with
brown hoar on the front, thorax, and abdomen, which, distinctly
appearing on an oblique inspection of these parts of the body,
makes them appear brown and opaque; this brown color is least
visible on the abdomen. AntennaB black ; third joint on its outer
side near the base with a single bristle-shaped hair, which is longer
than the joint itself; antennal bristle only with very short pubes-
cence. The front and the sloping space extended between the
antennae and the highest elevation of the face are shining green or
bluish-green. Face dusted with white, which, according to the
observations made in the allied species, may not be a constant
marking; border of the mouth in both sexes with short and rather
fine cilia, quite as in Ephydr. micans Hal. The ground color of
the legs is greenish-black, covered with dust, shining blackish-
green on the rubbed parts. Wings clouded with blackish-gray.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

170 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Gen. V. SCATELLA ROB. DESV.

This genus contains only smaller and generally not, metallic
species. Front and face very broad ; eyes rounded ; face usually
very convex, hairy and bristled ; border of the mouth ciliated ;
opening of the mouth wide; clypeus concealed; cheeks moderately
broad; mentum swollen. Second joint of the antennas not ungui-
culated ; antennal bristle with fine, usually very short pubescence.
Claws curved, pulvilli distinct. Costal vein of the wings reaching
to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; the small transverse
vein .generally almost exactly beneath the tip of the first longitudi-
nal vein ; the posterior transverse vein not approaching the border
of the wing. The nearest genus is Ccenia, differing, however, from
Scatella by the pectinated bristle of its antenna?.

1. S. favilBiicca LOEW. 9- — Cinerea, facie alba, alis cinereo-hyalinis,
obsolete quadriguttatis.

Ashy-gray ; face white ; wings grayish-hyaline with four indistinct clear
drops. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.

This species resembles most the European S. sorbillans Hal.,
which is identical with S. argyrostoma Stenh., but differs from it
by its more considerable size, more roughly haired face and gray
color of the dust on the posterior part of the cheeks, on the infe-
rior part of the occiput, on the pleura? and under side of the abdo-
men, on all which parts it is whitish in that species; S. favillacea
wants also the clear drop lying beyond the posterior transverse
vein in S. argyrostoma. The upper side of the whole body is
covered with grayish-brown dust, which on the middle of the tho-
rax and on the scutellum does not conceal the shining of the ground
color; the large spot lying on the middle of the front is shining
greenish. Face very convex, dusted with snowy white, with rather
rough hair and the usual row of curved upwards bristles. Open-
ing of the mouth wide, with distinct black cilia on the borders.
Antennas black ; the pubescence of the bristle is a little longer
and more distinct than in most species of this genus. Upper side
of the thorax not distinctly striped. Pleura? dusted with yellowish-
gray, on their superior border with rather brown dust. Under
side of the abdomen, femora, and upper side of the tibia? with gray
dust. Wings clouded with grayish, having black veins ; of the
five clear drops, peculiar to so many species of this genus, that

SCATELLA. 171

lying beyond the posterior transverse vein is entirely wanting, and
the remaining are rather indistinct ; the second segment of the
costa is at least four times as long as the third; the third and fourth
longitudinal veins are parallel towards their ends.
Hub. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. S. lllgeiis LOEW. £ and J> . — Nigra ; alse iiigricantes, guttis hyali-
nis quinque in disco duabusque obsoletioribus in apice pictse.

Black ; wings blackish with five clear drops in the middle and two more
indistinct ones towards the tip. Long. corp. 0.11. Long. al. 0.13.

It differs from the European ^ca^. stagnalis only by somewhat
more acute wings, its somewhat less convex face, and the stripes
of the thorax being a little more distinct ; perhaps on examining
a larger number of specimens it may prove to be only a variety
of it. Black ; face with brownish-gray dust, rather convex, only
a little impressed beneath each antenna, hairy and bristled, with
distinct black cilia on the border of the mouth. Antennae black ;
the bristle with an excessively short, but yet distinct pubescence.
Cheeks exceedingly narrow. Front dusted with grayish-brown,
the spot on the middle of it a little glittering. Upper side of the
thorax likewise dusted with brown, but not without all gloss, with
two distinct whitish-gray longitudinal stripes, but little distant
from each other and beginning on the anterior border, but not
reaching nearly to the posterior border ; besides there are two
short lateral stripes of the same color, beginning at the shoulder-
corner. Scutellum of the color of the upper side of the thorax,
only a little more glossy. Abdomen black, rather glossy towards
the end : the fifth abdominal segment of the male is almost twice
as long as the fourth. Legs entirely black. Wings clouded with
black, having five glassy drops on the middle, in the usual position ;
besides there is an obsolete spot, forming an indistinct clear drop
near the border of the wing between the tip of the second and
third longitudinal veins, and another still less perceptible spot in
the cloudy color beyond the tip of the third longitudinal vein.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken).

172 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. S. Obsoleta LOEW. 9 . (Translated from Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. 1861,
p. 358, by R. Osten-Sacken.) — Opaca, capite toto, scutello pleurisque ex
flavo, pectore et abdomiue ex cano cinereis, antennis pedibusque nigris ;
alse hyalinse, dilute cinerascentes, guttis lirnpidioribus quinque obsoletis-
simis.

Opaque, the whole head, scutellum and pleurae yellowish-cinereous, pectus
and abdomen hoary-cinereous, antennas and feet black ; wings hyaline,
with a pale cinereous tinge ; five almost obsolete clear spots. Long,
corp. 0.07. Long. al. 0.09.

Head altogether yellowish-cinereous, antennae black, face very
vaulted,* peristoma ciliated with moderate hairs. Thorax conco-
lorous with the head, pectus subglaucous. Scutellum yellowish-
cinereous. Abdomen hoary-cinereous, subglaucous, opaque. Legs
altogether black, slightly pollinose with white. Halteres impure
yellow, stem brown. Wings hyaline, tinged with very pale cine-
reous, marked with five clear very obsolete spots ; transverse veins
not infuscated ; second costal segment more than thrice longer
than the third.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

* The original has fornicatus, which means forming a rounded arch with
an empty space below. — 0. S.

V.

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CECIDOMYIDAE.

BY BARON R. OSTEN-SACKEN.

It is a peculiarity of the family of Cecidomyidcs that its natural
history has always been studied in close connection with its classi-
fication. This is owing chiefly to the fact that the gall, the produce
of the insect in its first stage of life, is generally a more striking
object in nature than the insect itself. The latter small, tiny, dif-
ficult to preserve on account of their extreme delicacy, still more
difficult to distinguish from their congeners on account of the uni-
formity of their appearance and coloring, would afford a very un-
satisfactory object of study, unless in connection with the varied
deformations which their larvte produce on plants. The study of
this family, different in this respect from most of the other families
of insects, cannot be prosecuted apart from the observation of living
nature, and for this very reason will always be a monopoly of the
naturalist so situated as to afford such observations.

The aim of the present paper is to direct the attention of
American entomologists to this most interesting subject, by giving
an account of the observations already made on the North Ameri-
can Cecidomyidce, as well as a general introduction to the study of
the habits and the classification of this family. The latter has been
extracted chiefly from the two following admirable monographs: —

LOEW, Dr. H. Dipterologische Beitrage, Part fourth, Posen, 1850, with a
plate. • (Contains a monograph of the European Cecidomyidee.}

WINNEETZ, J. Beitrag zu einer Monographic der Gallniiicken. In the Lin-
naea entomologica, Vol. VIII, Berlin, 1853, with four plates.

I. On the classification of the CECIDOMYID^;.

In the sketch of a systematical distribution of the Diptera, given
by Prof. n. Loew in this volume, he has mentioned the difficulties
attending a sharp definition of this family, and has shown that it
may be naturally divided in two sections.

The species embraced in the first section, which he calls Cecido-
myina, have four longitudinal veins on the wings, the last two of

174

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

which often coalesce in the beginning of their course, forming a
more or less distinct fork. They have no ocelli, and the first joint
of their tarsi is ranch shortened.

The second section, which Prof. Loew calls Anaretina, has one
longitudinal vein more, which is inserted between the second and
third veins of the first section; this supplementary vein is simple
in Campylomyza and furcate in all the other genera. The first
tarsal joint is not shortened, and in all the genera, with the excep-
tion of Cecidogona, there are distinct ocelli.

The first section, which contains all the gall-producing Cecido-
myidce at present known, comprises two genera of Meigen and a
third genus, discovered by Mr. Winnertz, and of which but a sin-
gle species is described. These three genera are easily distin-
guished by the neuration of their wings, which are always pubes-
cent, and may be characterized as follows : —

Cecidomyia Meig. Three or four longitudinal veins ; in the first
case the third vein is forked, thus representing the third and fourth
veins, which are coalescent in the greater part of their extent (figs.
1, 2, and 4; in some rare cases a branch of this fork or the whole

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Asynapta.

Epidosis.

fork becomes obsolete, as in fig. 3) ;
in the second case all the four veins
are simple (fig. 5). Surface of the
wings hairy ; margins with long cilia.
Antennae long, moniliform or cylin-
drical, generally verticillate, seldom

without verticils, from 13 to 36-jointed.

CECIDOMYIA. 1Y5

Spantocera Winn. Three longitudinal veins, which are all sim-
ple (uot forked); the first close by the
costa, the second at some distance from
it, but reaching the margin of the wing-
before its tip (fig. 6). Hairs on the
surface of the wing scaly. Antenna?
filiform, 13-jointed, joints elongated,

Spauiocera.

cylindrical, with a short pubescence and
without verticils.

Lasioptera Meig. Three longitudinal veins, the first and second
of which run very near the costa and are so closely approximated
as to be hardly discernible (fig. 7).
Wings rather short and broad. An- Fig> 7*

tennfe from 16 to 26-jointed ; joints
subglobular, sessile, with short verticils.
(The sub-genus Clinorhyncha Lw. has
been formed of the Lasiopterce, having
the mouth prolonged in a rostrum.)

The considerable number of. species contained in the genus Ceci-
domyia Meig. and the great variety of their structure have made
a subdivision necessary. The following tabular arrangement of
the sub-genera now adopted has been extracted, with a few modi-
fications, from Mr. Winnertz's work, although the subdivision
itself is chiefly due to Mr. Loew.

CECmOMYIA MEIG.

I. Wings with three longitudinal veins, the third either forming
a fork (figs. 1, 2, and 4), or becoming more or less obsolete towards
the tip (fig. 3).*

A. Cross-vein placed between the root and the tip of the first
longitudinal vein, as in figs. 1 — 3 : (in this section the cross-vein
is frequently almost obsolete.)

Cecidomyia Loew. The second longitudinal vein reaches the mar-
gin of the wing a little before its tip (although in most cases
this distance is very short, as in fig. 1). Generally the same
number of joints in the antenna of the J1 and 9; joints either

* In examining the wings of the Cecidomyiae, care must be taken not
to mistake for a vein a longitudinal fold which generally exists between
the second and third longitudinal veins.

176 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

pedicelled or sessile (sometimes pedicelled in the <£ and sessile
in the 9 ; sometimes of the same structure, pedicelled or ses-
sile, in both sexes).

Diplosis Loew. The second longitudinal vein reaches the margin
of the wing at or beyond its tip (fig. 2). Antennae of the male
26 (2 + 24) jointed, sometimes with one rudimental joint
more; joints pedicelled, simple joints alternating with double
ones (Tab. I, f. 11 and 12), seldom all joints simple. Antennae,
of the 9 14 (2 + 12) jointed, sometimes with one rudimental
joint more; joints pedicelled, cylindrical.

Asphondylia Lw. The second longitudinal vein reaches the margin
of the wing a little beyond its tip (as in fig. 2). Antennae of
both sexes with the same number of joints; the latter, cylin-
drical, sessile, with a short pubescence and without verticils.
(A single European species is known.)

Hormomyia Lw. The second longitudinal vein reaches the margin
of the wing either at or beyond the tip. Thorax more or less
gibbose, frequently extending over the head in the form of a
hood. Joints of the £ antennas pedicelled ; those of the 9
pedicelled or sessile.

Colpodia Winn. The second longitudinal vein forms a curve before
the cross-vein and joins the margin a little beyond the tip of
the wing (fig. 3). Cross-vein rather large, oblique. (A single
European species is known in the female sex only; the joints
of its antennae are pedicelled. This sub-genus, which is un-
known to me, must be very difficult to distinguish from Epi-
dosis.)

B. Cross-vein very oblique, originating at the root of the first
longitudinal vein (fig. 4).*
Dirhiza Lw. Second longitudinal vein hardly undulating before

the cross-vein; joints of the antennae sessile or almost sessile

in both sexes. (A single species is known.)

* The sections A and B, as denned by MM. Loew and Winnertz, seem to
be somewhat difficult to distinguish. According to the latter, the cross
vein in the section B almost assumes the appearance of an intercalary
longitudinal vein; it begins at the root of the first longitudinal vein, runs,
although very indistinct, alongside of it and then turns obliquely towards
the second longitudinal vein, which thus almost appears to be its continu-
ation, or, in other words, to have two roots.

CECIDOMYIA. 177

Epidosis Lw. Second longitudinal vein sinuose before the cross-
veiu (fig. 4) ; joints of the antennae pedicelled in both sexes;
their number variable.

II. Wings with four longitudinal veins (fig. 5).

Asynapta Lw. The cross-vein is sometimes like that in section A,
and then the second longitudinal vein is not sinuated ; some-
times as in section B ; then the second longitudinal vein is
sinuated, like in Epidosis (fig. 5) ; in this case also the collare
is a little prolonged.

The classification of the section Anaretina Loew, is very imper-
fect ; almost nothing is known about their habits, and even their
position in the system is doubtful. Mr. Loew considers them, at
least provisionally, as a sub-section of the Cecidomyidee, whereas
Mr. Winnertz prefers to isolate them as a distinct family, placed
between the Cecidornyidae and the Mycetophilidte, and having many
points of relationship to both.

Following the authority of Mr. Loew in this volume (p. 7), I
will confine myself to the enumeration of the genera which he
refers to this section, adding only short sketches of their characters
as I find them in the former writers.

I. Ocelli extant ;

Wings bare or almost bare ; third longitudinal vein forked, the two

following veins simple.

Antennae 16-jointed; ^ verticillate, joints pedicelled; £> pubes-
cent, joints sessile; branches of the fork of the 3d longitudinal
vein very arcuated at base (fig. 8, wing). ZYGONEUKA Meig.

Antennae 9-jointed, short, slightly pubescent ; joints subsessile, sub-
globose (fig. 9, wing). ANAEETE Hal,
Wings pubescent ;

Third longitudinal vein forked.

The upper branch of the fork forms a double curve, almost in the

shape of an S ; (see Plate I, fig. 13.) TRITOZYGA Lw.

The upper branch of the fork forms a single smooth curve ; £

antennae 16-jointed, verticillate, joints pedicelled; £ antennae

10-jointed, pilose, joints moniliform (fig. 10, wing).

CATOCHA Hal.
12

178 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fourth longitudinal rein forked ; antennse 11-20-jointed ; £ moni-
liform, pilose ; joints pedicelled ; 9 subrnoniliform, joints sessile,
pubescent (fig. 11, wing). CAMPYLOMYZA Meig.

II. Ocelli wanting ; third longitudinal vein forked ; first longitudinal vein
very short ; wings pubescent ; antennse £ moniliforin, verticillate ;
£> submoniliform, pubescent.

Antenna; 16-jointed (fig. 12, wing). LESTREMIA Macq.

Antenna; 11-jointed. CECIDOGONA Lw.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Campyloniyza.

Lestremia.

For further details as well as for the references, see Walker, Diptera
Britannica, Vol. Ill, which also contains beautiful figures of all the genera.
As to the new genus Tritozyga Lw., formed on an American species, Mr.
Loew thus characterizes it in a manuscript note of his : —

" The whole structure of its body shows the nearest relation to
Gampylomyza; the form of the legs and wings is as in that genus;
the wings (Tab. I, fig. 13) have the same short pubescence and cilia,
and the three ocelli are just as distinct. The differences are the
following. 1. The vein, which in the second section of Cecidomyida;
is added to the number of the veins of the first section, is not
simple, but forked, in the new genus, and therefore approaches in
some measure the genus Anarete; 2. The very thick longitudinal
vein is not forked as in Campylomyza, but simple. The new genus
cannot be confounded with Anarete, the species of which have a
much more slender structure, a very elongated first joint of the tarsi
and the third longitudinal vein of the wing bipartite as far as the
base. From Lestremia and Cecidogona it differs in quite a similar
manner, and besides by the presence of ocelli, which are wanting
in both genera. The antenna? are mutilated in the single specimen
which I have before me (a male from the District of Columbia),
therefore I can say nothing of the number of their joints ; their

CECIDOMYIA. 179

structure is as in most Campylomyzce. The number of the joints
of the antennae being of a higher value, among the Gall-gnats, for
the distinction of species than for that of genera, since almost
every genus comprises species with very different numbers of joints
of the antenna?, I abstain from giving a name to the species known
to me so incompletely ; as to the genus, which can never be mis-
taken, I propose for it the name of Tritozyga."

II. On the habits of the CECIDOMYIDJS.

The food of the larva? of Cecidomyia is of a vegetable character.
A few apparent exceptions will be mentioned below. They
furthermore seem to live in preference on living plants; neverthe-
less several species of the subgenera Epidosis and Diplosis, have
been reared by Mr. Winnertz from decaying wood ; Gee. fuscicollis
Meig. (?) has been reared by Bouche from decaying bulbs of tulips
and hyacinths. (Instances like that of Gee. bicolor Bouche, found
in dung during winter, must be received with caution, as the larva?
may have gone there for transformation only.) Although the
majority of these larva? attack the soft and green parts of plants,
some of them live under the bark of trees, in the cones of pines
(Cec. strobi Kalt. ) or in fungi '(Diplosis polypori Wz., Asynapta
lugubris Wz., etc.)

Again, most of the larva? are monophagous, that is, each species
lives exclusively on a certain species of plant, or, at least on closely
allied plants; Mr. Winnertz remarks that even those found under
the bark of trees follow the same rule. Exceptions are Cec.
sisymbrii Schr., which, according to Mr. Winnertz, inhabits in
May and June a gall on Berberis vvlgaris, and from June till No-
vember a somewhat different gall on Nasturtium sylveslre (Winn.
1. c. p. 209 and 231) ; Gecid. arcuata Wz., has been found in the
pappus of different syngenesists, in decaying wood and fungi.
Besides these, there is a class of larva? which live as guests or
parasites in galls formed by other Cecidomyia (Cec. acroplnla Wz.
and pavida Wz. live socially in the deformed buds of Fraxinns
excelsior; Diplosis socialis Wz. inhabits the gall of Lasioptera
rubi ; Dipl. tibialis Wz., has been reared from the same gall with
Cec. salicina Schr., etc.); or by Acari (Cec. peregrina Wz., and
similar cases, observed by Loevv.) Some even live in the society
of Aphides. According to Mr. Winnertz the larva? of the sub-
genus Diplosis principally, share these parasitical habits; even

180 D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

those living under the bark of trees or in fungi are seldom found
alone, but for the most part in the society of other larvae (Winn.
1. c. p. 206). Thus, the larva of a species of Diplosis has been
found in a stem of Saroihrium scoparium, together with larvae of
Hyhsrnus and Apion.

Among the larvae with an exceptional mode of life, those should
be mentioned which live on the surface of the plant, as that, ob-
served by Mr. Loew on the leaves of Veronica Beccabunya, or those
of Diplosis ceomatis Wz., and D, coniophaga Wz. found on the
leaves of a rose-bush overgrown with the fungus Ceoma miniatum,
on which they feed. The American species, probably also a Dip-
losis, which I have called Cec. glutinosa, and which will be described
below, has a similar mode of existence on the surface of hickory
leaves.

The greater number of larvae penetrate inside of the plant, so
as to be concealed from view during their development. Their
presence is generally indicated on the outside of the plant by some
deformation. Every part of the plant, from the root to the flower
and the fruit, is liable to such attacks. But each species of Ceci-
domyia always attacks the same part of the plant, and deforms it
in the same way. (Exceptions seem to be rare; Cec. tremula Wz.
has been reared from two galls of different shape, both found on
the poplar ; the insects differed only in size).

The deformations thus produced are very numerous, and several
unsuccessful attempts have been made to classify them according
to the nature of their origin and their shape. At one extreme of
the series is the true gall, a vegetable growth of constant and de-
finite form, attached to the plant by a very small portion of its .
surface and not otherwise deforming that part of the plant (of this
class are, for instance, the numerous galls, described below, ou the
leaves of the hickories) ; at the other extreme is the simple defor-
mation, folding of a leaf, swelling of a leaf-rib, arrest of the growth
of a bud or a stalk, etc.

The egg of Cecidomyia is elongated, rounded at both ends,
orange-yellow, or whitish. The time within which the larva is
hatched is very different, and depends on the state of the weather;
in a great heat, the hatching sometimes takes place within a few
hours ; generally a few days are required. Mr. Loew supposes,
however, that the species having but one yearly generation remain
much longer in the state of eggs.

CEC1DOMYIA. I Si

When first hatched, the larva is colorless, transparent, with a
translucent green, yellowish or red stomach; later in life it assumes
different shades of red (orange, pinkish, cochenille-red) or becomes
yellow or whitish; the color of the same species may also some-
what change with age. All these larvce have the extraordinary
number of fourteen joints, thus affording an apparent exception from
all other larvaj of insects, which, as a general rule, have thirteen
joints. The supernumerary fourteenth joint is placed between the
head and the first thoracic (stigma-bearing) segment. It may be
considered either as a part of the head, or as a prolongation of
the first thoracic segment. Number and position of the stigmata
are normal ; one pair on the first thoracic segment, and eight
pairs on the first eight abdominal segments, so that the ninth or
last segment bears none. Sometimes the last pair of stigmata is
removed from its usual lateral position, more towards the middle
of the segment. In one case (Gee. pini Deg. and the American G.
pint inopis) this last pair is placed apparently on the last segment;
but this segment is in reality the eighth, the ninth segment being
in this larva unusually small and concealed under the eighth. The
stigmata are horny, more or less nipple-shaped projections.

The skin of most larvas appears finely chagreened under a strong
magnifying power; in some cases it is perfectly smooth. The
dorsal segments of Gee. sarotliamni Lw., G. genista; Lw., etc. are
uneven ; those of G. craccce Lw., G. quercus Lw., G. fuscicollis
Bouche, etc. are furnished with bristles or sparse hairs ; those of
G. entomophila Ferris with hairs arranged in regular rows ; those
of Gecid. pini Degeer, and of two larva? which I found in this
country {Gee. pini inopis 0. S. and Gee. glutinosa, nov. sp.), have
rows of fleshy, setiferous caruncles along the back. (It is to be
noticed here that both Degeer and Dufour, in describing such
larva?, mistook the back for the venter, and described these carun-
cles as pseudopods. See Deg. Mem. VI, Tab. XXYI, fig. 9 — 19,
and Dufour, Ann. Soc. Ent, de Fr., 1838, p. 293).

The last abdominal segment is smooth and rounded, or furnished
with two setiferous tubercles {Gee. pini), sometimes uneven and
bristly, or excavated, or armed with a pair of horny processes,
frequently curved upwards. Dufour saw a larva use these pro-
cesses for leaping.

The structure of the head and of the organs of the mouth is
but imperfectly known. What Mr. Katzeburg saw (see his paper

182 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

in Wiegmann's Archiv, vol. vii. p. 233, with a plate) and what I
have found confirmed by my own observations, may be reduced to
the following : The horny parts of the head consist of a ring with
two processes extended backwards; a soft, fleshy swelling which
protrudes through this ring is taken by Ratzeburg for the labium ;
two openings in the tipper part of the ring emit a pair of two-
jointed organs which this author and L. Dufour believed to be
palpi, but which I would rather consider as rudimental antennas,
especially on account of their position on the upper side of the
head. (Laboulbene and Perris entertained the same view.)

On the under side of the body, at the juncture of the first
thoracic segment with the supernumerary (14th) segment, there is
a horny, more or less elongated piece, projecting with its anterior
part, whereas its posterior end is concealed under the skin of the
first thoracic segment, and more or less translucent. This organ,
the use or the homology of which is unknown, is peculiar to the
larva? of Cecidomyia, and seems to be seldom wanting. (I found
under the bark of a tree a full-grown larva which, for its structure
I believe to be a Cecidomyia, although it showed no trace of this
breastbone.) It may be that this organ is used for locomotion,
although I hardly would consider it as homologous to the pseudo-
pods of the larvas of Chironomus and Ceratopoyon. If the sup-
plementary (14th) segment be considered as a part of the head,
this breastbone might be taken for the menturn, in^analogy to the
horny mentum of the larvae of the Tipularice. The form of this
organ is variable in different species ; sometimes it ends anteriorly
in two points, with an excavation between them ; sometimes in
one elongated point ; or it is serrated, etc.

The remaining part of the under side of the body sometimes
shows other organs of locomotion. The larva of Gee. entornophila,
according to Perris, has three slender, elongated, pointed, sub-
corneous, approximated projections in the middle of every ventral
segment. Gee. fu&cicollis Bouche (Bouche, Naturg. der Ins. p.
25), has a pair of elongated, pointed pseudopods under each
thoracic segment, and three such pseudopods under each abdomi-
nal segment. Bouche's figure of the latter closely resembles
Perry's figure of the pseudopods of Gee. entomophila.

The motions of the larvaa, except those few, living on the surface
of the leaves, are generally slow ; but those which change their
abode before assuming the pupa state become very active about

CEC1DOMYIA. 183

that period. Winnertz observed an extraordinary activity in some
such larvae after a thunder storm ; they left their hiding-places un-
der ground, and crawled about restlessly for some time ; they did
the same after every thunder storm, some of them even two mouths
after having left their galls.

The larvae of several species, for instance, Cec. loti, Gee. pisi,
and Cecid. rumicis, have the power of leaping. Mr. Loew remarks
that all such larvae belong to the sub-genus Diplosis. Cec. popidi
Duf. performed its leaps by straining the horny hooks at the tip
of its abdomen against the under side of the thoracic segments.
(Dufour, Ann. Sc. Nat., 2e se"r. XVI, p. 257.)

" The want of horny organs of mastication," says Mr. Winnertz,
"authorizes the supposition that a lesion of the plant does not take
place ; it is much more probable that the larva has the power of
producing in the plant some peculiar irritation, which causes an
overflow of the sap necessary for its food. How little the larva
requires for its support is evident from the circumstance that it
attains its full growth and development in a gall just large enough
to inclose it, a gall apparently hermetically closed, for the most
part with hard walls, which do not show the least sign of internal
lesion. It seems even as if a certain amount of moisture alone
was sufficient to sustain these larva?, especially when a great num-
ber of them live socially in the same gall (from ten to fifteen larva?
in the pea-sized bud of Cardamine pratensis; from fifty to sixty
in another kind of gall, etc.). Another proof of the small quan-
tity of nourishment required by these larvae is, that no excrements
are to be found in their place of abode."

"The only exception known to me of this extreme frugality,"
says the same author, "are the larvae of two species which live on
the leaves of the white rose, attacked by the fungus Ceoma minia-
tum. These larvae not only lick the sap exuding at the bottom of
the heaps of spores, but they also greedily consume the spores
themselves, and their intestinal canal is always filled with them."

The observation of Vallot (Mem. de Dijon, 1827, p. 95), that
a larva of Cecidomyia (C. acarivora) found on the surface of the
leaves of Chelidonium feeds by sucking Acari, as yet requires con-
firmation. Winnertz saw Cecidomyia-\arv& living as guests in
deformations produced by Acari, greedily lick their hosts, but he
never found in such galls an empty skin of an Acarus. As to the
larvae of Cecidomyia inhabiting galls, produced by other species

184 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the same genus, it is a question, according to Winnertz, whether
they take the same food with their hosts, or live on their excre-
ments. Ferris (Mem. de Lille, X, p. 274, with figures) found
Cecid. entomophila in an insect-box, living on the excrements of
the minute Acari abounding in such boxes ; he compares them,
apparently with good reason, with the larvsa of Cecidomyia found
under the bark of trees, among the excrements of the xylophagous
insects. These larvae underwent their transformation in the cor-
ners of the box.

It is very probable that the larvae of Cecidomyia, like most of
the dipterous larva?, do not undergo several moultings. I do not
find any mention about it in the authors. Only Dr. Harris states
that C. tritici casts off its skin before going under ground for
transformation.

Before assuming the pupa state, some larvae of Cecidomyia leave
their galls and abscond themselves under ground, under dry leaves
or moss, or under the bark of trees. Other larvae, on the contrary,
undergo their transformation within their gall.* In both cases
the pupoa are frequently, although not always, inclosed in a cocoon.
Winnertz positively denies that the larvse spin this cocoon ; ac-
cording to his observation, the latter is, so to say, exuded by the
larva. He found that larvse which had fastened themselves to a
leaf, were encircled within twenty-four hours by a white halo, con-
sisting of tiny thread-like particles, which seemed jo grow some-
what like crystal-needles ; the larva during this time remained
perfectly motionless. The cocoon is perfected within a few days,
and even then, under a strong magnifying power, no genuine
thread is perceptible.

The mode in which the papa state is assumed has been de-
scribed by Dr. Harris in a posthumous paper published in the
Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., 1860, p. 179.
"The approaching change is marked by an alteration of the color
of the anterior segments of the larva, which (in the case of Cecid.
salicis Fitch) from orange become red and shining, as if distended
by blood. Soon afterwards, rudimentary legs, wings, and antennae
begin, as it were, to bud and put forth, and rapidly grow to their
full pupal dimensions, and thus the transformation to the pupa is

The larva of Cecid. terminalis Lw., according to Winnertz, varies in
its habits. It sometimes goes under ground, and sometimes traiisforms
within the willow leaves deformed by it.

CECIDOMYIA. 1 85

completed." The peculiarity of this process is, that the transforma-
tion is undergone without shedding the larva skin, and, as the same
observation has been repeated by Dr. Harris on the larvae of C.
destructor Say and G. tritici Kirby, it is very probable that it ap-
plies to all the larvae of the genus. I do not find this fact men-
tioned in the European authors.

Instead of a cocoon, the pupa of Cec. destructor Say is inclosed
in an oblong, brown case, which is nothing but its own hardened
pupa-skin. "The larva of this insect, says Dr. Harris (I. c.), when
it has come to its growth, remains fixed and motionless on the
culm of the wheat. Its body contracts and soon takes the form
and color of a flax-seed. While this change is going on externally,
the body of the insect gradually cleaves from its outer dry and
brownish skin. When this is carefully opened, the included insect
will be seen to be still in the larva state. It does not change its
condition until a few days before it discloses the winged insect,"
etc.

Cecid. graminicola Kalt. and another Cecidomyia, mentioned by
Dr. Fitch as forming an imbricated gall on Agrostis lateriflora,
undergo a similar kind of transformation, their pupae being inclosed
in the dry larva-skin.

However different the mode of transformation of Cecid. pini
Deg., C. pini maritimce Duf. , and Cec. pini inopis 0. S. may ap-
pear, the pupoa, of which are inclosed within a cocoon of resin, it
is in perfect analogy with the preceding instances. The process
by which the cocoon is formed is exactly the same as that described
above by Dr. Harris. The larva of the American species C. pini
inopis 0. S. observed by me in the environs of Washington, fastens
itself to a pine leaf and remains motionless until the resinous sub-
stance which it exudes abundantly, begins to harden ; the larva
then gradually frees itself from the contact of the cocoon-like case
thus formed. It is very probable that this cocoon is nothing but
the outer larva-skin, saturated with resin.

The pupae of Cecidomyice show a close resemblance to those of
the Tipvlce fungicolce, especially those of Sciara. As in the latter
genus, the bases of the antennas are often produced in points ;
these frontal projections are sometimes long, approximated, and
resemble horns (Cec. sarothamni, see Winnertz, 1. c. Tab. I, f. 6,
or Cec. verbasci Dufour, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3e se'r., Yol. IY, p. 5-24,
with figures, 1845); in other cases they are smaller and at some

186 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

distance from each other (Cec. salicina, 0. veronica, etc., see Wz.,
1. c. f. 3, 4). Behind these horns, two pairs of bristle-like pro-
cesses may be observed in most pupae. The first pair is also on
the head, close by the horns, the second on the thorax. Both
vary in size and strength in different species. The second, tho-
racic pair, has been taken by some authors for a spiracle. These
projections and horns, especially the frontal ones, aid the pupa in
working its way through the gall or from underground, before
entering its last stage of existence. The dorsal segments of the
abdomen are, for the same purpose, frequently rough with spines.
The tip of the abdomen is sometimes smooth; in other instances
it bears a few bristles.

After the exclusion of the perfect insect, the pupa-skin remains
frequently hanging on the outside of the gall.

Some species of Cecidomyia have only one, others more than
one yearly generation. The summer generation of the latter kind
remain but a short time in the pupa state; the winter generation
much longer.

The Iarva3 of Lasioptera resemble those of Cecidomyia in their
structure as well as in their habits. They frequently have the
same reddish color and the peculiar breast-bone. L. rubi Ileeger
and the N. American L. vitis O. S. produce swellings in the stem
of the plants which they inhabit. L. pusilla Heeger forms galls
on the leaves of Sonchus, L. cerris Kollar on those of the oak
( Quercus cerris).

III. On the North American CECIDOMYIA hitherto observed and

their galls.

The species of N. A. Cecidomyice at present known, may be
distributed into three categories, according to the extent of our
knowledge concerning them. About the species of the first cate-
gory, nothing but the description of the perfect insect is extant,
its habits remaining unknown ; as to those of the second category
we are acquainted with the first stages of their existence, especially
with the deformations they produce, without knowing the perfect
insect; finally, to the third category belong those, the habits of
which, as well as the perfect insect, are described.

The following is a synopsis of the species recorded by previous
authors, as well as of those mentioned in this paper: —

CECIDOMYIA. 187

I. Perfect insect described, habits unknown.

C. ornafa Say, Long's Exped. App. p. 357. Wied. Auss. Zw. I, 22, 2.
C. caliptera Fitch.

C. cerealis Fitch.

}• Dr. A. Fitch, Essay on the Wheat-fly, etc.
C. tergata Fitch.

C. thoracica Fitch. J

C. spongivora Walk. List of Dipt. Brit. Mus. I, 30.

Campylomyza scutellata Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. Ill, 17, 1. Wied. Auss.

Zw. I, 22, 1.

Tritozyga, sp. Lw. (see p. 178).
Diplosis maccus Lw. The following note on this new species was furnished

by Mr. Loew : —

" Gall-gnats cannot be recognizably described from single dried
specimens, unless they are distinguished by some striking peculiar-
ities. I feel no temptation at all to describe species which have
no such peculiarities, and allow myself an exception only with the
following Diplosis on account of its remarkable beauty.

D. macciis LOEW. £ and J. (Tab. I, figs. 11 and 12.)— Flavida,
thorace fusco-vittato, antennarnui artieulis nigris et pallidis alternanti-
bus, alis violaceo-maculatis, tibiis tarsisque nigro-annulatis.

Yellowish, thorax with fuscescent stripes ; the joints of the antennae alter-
nately black and whitish ; wings with violet-blue spots ; tibiae and tarsi
annulated with black. Long. corp. 0.08. Long. al. 0.11.

Yellowish ; the joints of the antennae alternately black and
yellowish-white, the simple joints being black, the double joints
yellowish-white ; also the hairs of the black joints are black, and
those of the light ones light. Thorax with three brown longitu-
dinal stripes coalescing anteriorly, the intermediate one reaching
only to the middle of the thorax, the lateral ones running as far as
its posterior margin. Abdomen without dark bands. Coxa3 yel-
lowish. Fore and middle femora black on the upper side and
tips, the outermost extremity of the tip being yellowish ; hind
femora with a black line not reaching far beyond the middle, and
with the tips black. Tibiae black ; anterior ones with a very broad
yellowish ring beyond the middle, the hind ones with such a ring
at their base and a second ring beyond the middle. Anterior tarsi
black on the first, short joint, at the base of the second and at
the tips of the second, third and fourth joints ; the hind tarsi have
the same markings with the exception of the base of the second

188 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

joint, which is not black. Poisers yellowish, the base of the knob
blackish. Wings yellowish, appearing almost golden yellow in an
oblique direction, with bright spots of a violet reflection. Before
the second longitudinal vein there are two such spots, the first
immediately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein, the
second between the first and the tip of the second longitudinal
vein. Between the second and third longitudinal veins there are
three violet spots, the first of which is the largest ; it is situated
under the first costal spot and runs far towards the base of the
wing in the form of a wedge without sharp limitation ; the second
is the smallest, and is placed below the yellowish space between
the two costal spots ; the third is a double spot almost S shaped,
and united to the second costal spot with its anterior end. Behind
the third longitudinal vein the violet color prevails to such an
extent as to leave only two golden spots, one of which is placed
behind the anterior branch and the other immediately behind the
posterior branch of the third longitudinal vein. The cilia of the
wings are quite pale yellowish, but blackish where the violet spots
reach the margin of the wing.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

This species resembles very much the European Diplosis pavo-
nina Loew, but is easily distinguished from it by the smaller ex-
tent of the violet color of the wings, the smaller extent of the
black color of the legs, and the sharper limitation of both colors.
Whether the male of Diplosis pavonina has likewise the joints of
the antenna? alternately dark-colored I do not know, as I did not
succeed in discovering it; judging, however, by the appearance
of the antennas of the female, this does not seem to be the case."

II. Galls or larva? known, perfect insect unknown. (The descrip-
tion of these galls and larva? is given below, under the indi-
cated numbers.)

On hickories, Carya, of different kinds, seven species, besides one belonging

to the third category. (Nos. 1 — 8.)
On the golden-rod, Solidago, of different kinds, two species, besides other

two belonging to the third category. (Nos. 9 — 12.)
On Vaccinium (or Gaylussacia ?), one species. (No. 13.)
On the scrub pine (Pinus inops), two species. (Nos. 14 and 15.)
On the red maple (Acer ruhrum"), one species. (No. 17.)
On the ash (Fraxinus arnericana), one species. (No. 18.)
On the oaks of different kinds (Qaercus'), four species. (Nos. 19 — 22.)

CECIDOMY1A. 189

On the wild grape (Vitis~), one species (No. 24), besides another belonging

to the third category.

On the hornbeam (Carpinus americana*) one species. (No. 25.)
On the tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipiferum),iwo species. (Nos. 26 and 27.)
On the willow (Salix), one species (No. 28), besides one belonging to the

third category.

On Impatiensfulva, one species. (No. 30.)
On the blackberry (Rubus i-illosus), one species. (No. 31.)
On Agrostis lateriflora (?), one species. (No. 32.)

III. Perfect insect described, and its habits known.

On the cereals (wheat, rye, etc.).

f About the habits of these well-known insects, see
C. destructor Say. j Dr. Harris's Treatise, etc., and Dr. Fitch's papers :
C. tritici Kirby. The Hessian Fly (Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc.,

I vol. VI), and The Wheat Fly (ibid. vol. V).
C. culmicola Morris. See Dr. Harris's Treatise, p. 465.
On the locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) .

C. robinix Hald. Amer. Jouru. Agric. and Sc., vol. VI, 193. Harris,
Treatise, etc., p. 452. (Haldeman's paper is also reproduced in the
Proc. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., vol. VI, January, 1859.) The larva
lives upon the leaves, the margins of which it deforms into a roll.
It is evident, from Mr. H.'s description of the perfect insect, that
it belongs to the sub-genus Diplosis. (See also Fitch, Reports, vol.
II, No. 332.)

C. pseudoacacix Fitch, Reports, vol. II, No. 331. The larvse injure the
tender young leaflets near the tip of the stem, causing them to be
folded like a little pod (in July and August). They transform
under ground.
On the gooseberry (Ribes uva crispa).

C. grossularise. Fitch, Reports, vol. I, p. 176, and vol. II, No. 150. The
berries turning red prematurely and becoming putrid, contain the
bright yellow larvze. Dr. Loew thinks that the perfect insect be-
longs to the sub-genus Asphondylia. (See p. 7.)
On the willow (Salix rigida and S. lucida).

C. salicis Fitch, Am. Quart. Journ. Agric. and Science, vol. I, p. 263.
(See also Dr. Harris's paper in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII,
January, 1860.) The gall is a woody tumor, surrounded by the
dry and brittle terminal bud, at the tips of the twigs. It contains
but a single larva. The name of the species must be changed, as
there is already a European C. salicis. I propose to call it C. riyidie.
On the alder (Alnus serrulata).

C. scrrulatce 0. S. (See below, No. 16.)
On the hickory (Can/a).

IHplosis caryae. 0. S. (See No. 1.)
On the wild grape.

190 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

Lasioptera vitis 0. S." (See No. 23.)
On the golden rod (Sottdago).

C. solidaginis Lw. (See No. 9.)

C. hirtipes 0. S. (See No. 10.)
On Chrysopsis mariana.

C. chrysopsidis Lw. (See No. 29.)

In comparing this list with similar enumerations existing for
European Cecidomyice, but few cases of analogy will be found.
Such cases are, for instance, the habits of C. pini inopis, nov.
sp., which correspond exactly to the European C. pini Degeer ;
the gall of G. strobilo'ides, nov. sp., on the willow, which is repre-
sented in Europe by G. strobilana Brerai; the analogy between the
gall on Fraxinus americana (No. 18) and that of C. bolularia Wz.
of the European ash, is more doubtful ; likewise that between the
deformation of C. erubescens, nov. sp. (No. 20) on the oak leaves,
and a similar deformation described by Mr. Loew (C. quercus Lw.)

Two galls occur on the American wild grape, whereas none has
been discovered on the European grape; likewise, although eight
galls are already known to occur on the hickory (Cctrya), none is
recorded as belonging to the European walnut (Jng/ans). Al-
though galls have been found on the European maple, alder, and
blackberry, they are different from those recorded below on the
American species of these trees and shrubs. Robinia, Lirioden-
dron, and in some degree Solidago, being peculiar to America,
their galls could not, of course, be expected to be found in Europe.

I will proceed now to give a condensed description of the ob-
servations which I had occasion to make on Cecidomyice during
my residence in this country. Those observations were made in
the environs of Washington, unless otherwise mentioned. I have
followed a practice adopted in Europe, in giving names to species
known only on account of the deformations they produce, the per-
fect insect not having as yet been reared. This affords the advan-
tage of being able to designate each described gall by a fixed
name. In order, however, to distinguish such species from those
the gall-fly of which has been reared and described, the first are
simply put down as new species (n. sp.), whereas the names of the
authors have been mentioned after the specific names of the latter
(Lw. or 0 S.)

CECIDOMYIA. 191

1-8. On hickories (Carya) of diiferent kinds.

The numerous galls of Cecidomyice occurring on the hickory are
found indifferently on the various species of this tree. I have
noticed also that whenever a spot is found where one of the galls
occurs in abundance, some of the other kinds are sure to be found.
Thus the galls of Gee. holotricha and those of Diplosis caryce, or
those of the latter with the galls of Cec. tubicola are frequently
met with on the same leaflet.

These galls may be distributed as follows (the numbers from 1 to
8 corresponding to those of the descriptions given below) : A. True
galls, fastened to the under side of the leaf and breaking off easily.
a. Bare. 1. Snlglobular, with a small nipple at the tip, diam.
0.05 to 0.1. 2. Elongated onion shaped, a little larger than the
preceding. 3. Conical, contracted at base, blood red or purplish.
4. Cylindrical, erect, inserted in a cylindrical socket, b. Pubes-
cent. 5. Subglobular, with a nipple at tip (or short onion shaped),
pubescent with ferruginous. 6. Subglobular, without nipple at
tip, finely downy. B. Other deformations. 7. Swelling of the
midrib at the base of the leaf. 8. Yellow spots on the leaves ;
larva living on the leaf, not within it.

1. Diplosis caryce O. S. Gall Subglobular, smooth, seedlike,
0.05 to 0.1 in diameter, with a small nipple at the tip. In sum-
mer they are yellowish-green and their shell is soft; in winter they
become brownish, and the shell, although thin, is hard and woody.
They begin to grow in June. I gathered them in October, when
the larva was full grown.

Each gall contains a single larva; it is white, and stouter in
proportion to its length than most larva? of Cecidomyia. The
breast-bone has two sharp points anteriorly, with an excavation
between them; the tip of the last abdominal segment has no horny
processes. It undergoes the transformation within the gall. The
pupa resembles, by the structure of its head, that of C. sarotJifnnni
Wz., figured by Mr. Winnertz in his monograph (/. c. tab. I, f. f>);
namely, the pointed projections at the basis of the antennas are
closely approximated and not remote, as in other species.

After having kept these galls on moist sand all winter, I ob-
tained the fly in April. (Description drawn from a fresh specimen.)

D. caryae 0. S. £ and 2.— Antenna; pale; J 26-jointed;
alternate joints a little larger than the intermediate ones; verticils

192 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

moderate; pedicels between the joints rather short; 9 14-jointed,
joints subsessile ; front and mouth pale ; collare with a blackish
edge posteriorly, ending on both sides in a short, black streak on
the pleurae ; thorax pale, with three broad, almost contiguous
blackish or grayish stripes ; the intermediate one is subcuneiform
and slightly capillary towards its posterior end, which, for this
reason, appears slightly bifid ; it does not reach the scutellum ; the
lateral ones are rounded anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, and end
just before the scutellum in a short, black streak, communicating
with a brown triangle on the side of the scutellum, so that the
latter, being pale itself, is inclosed on both sides by the black
streaks and the brown triangles; a couple of black dots are visible
on the pleurae ; a pale brown spot on the pectus, between the first
and the second pair of coxae ; a brown spot at the basis of the
lialteres, which are pale; abdomen reddish, hardly darker laterally,
and with a tuft of hair on each side, near the posterior margins of
the segments ; legs pale, with a minute, appressed black pubes-
cence, which makes them appear blackish; wings immaculate; the
second longitudinal vein joins the costal at the apex of the wing
or immediately beyond it ; cross-vein indistinct or none.

2. C. carycecola, n. sp. Gall somewhat larger than the preced-
ing, elongated onion-shaped, with the tip prolonged in a point,
pale green. Found through the summer either in separate clusters,
or mixed with other galls, for instance that of C. holotricha.

3. C. sanguinolenta, n. sp. Gall conical, narrowed at the basis,
blood red or purplish, about 0.15 high and 0.12 broad. I found
them for the first time about the middle of July. At this time
they were solid inside, except a narrow hollow near the basis which
contained the small, somewhat yellowish larva, with a distinct,
pointed, spear-shaped breast bone. These galls occur in nume-
rous clusters on the same leaflet.

4. C. tuMcola, n. sp. Gall narrow-cylindrical, erect, about 0.15
or more long. They break off easily, being inserted in a small
protuberance on the leaf, with a sharp-edged socket in the centre,
in which the cylinder fits exactly. Their color, when ripe, is more
or less brownish, pale greenish at base. They are hollow inside
and contain in October a whitish larva with a breast bone ending
anteriorly in a single, elongated point. They generally occur in
clusters. Some of these galls are found covered with a viscous
fluid.

CECIDOMYIA. 193

Early in summer I frequently found a gall of the same form, but
smaller, generally reddish at the tip and easily distinguished by the
absence of the basal piece in which the other is inserted ; it is
simply fastened to the leaf by a minute pedicel. Besides, it occurs
always singly, frequently on the edges of the leaves, whereas the
other gall is for the most part found in clusters. Is it the same
species?

5. C. holotricha, n. sp. Subglobular, pubescent, onion-shaped
galls. Diam. up to 0.1 or a little more.

They resemble the galls of D. caryce in shape, but are somewhat
larger and covered with a pubescence which is pale when the gall
is young and growing, and becomes rust-colored in the stage of
ripeness. I have observed two modes of occurrence of these galls ;
either they are scattered in numbers, as many as a hundred on the
same leaflet, or they grow in a row along the mid-rib of the leaflet ;
in the latter case they are generally larger, and being packed close
together, assume an irregular shape. It is very probable that these
two forms belong to two different species, and in this case I would
retain the above name to the first form. Galls of the first form
begin to grow in June ; in September and October I found the
white larva apparently full grown. The breast-bone has one elon-
gated point anteriorly and two projections on both sides, about the
middle. At the same time I find in my diary that in some of these
galls (it is not distinctly stated which), I had found a pale orange,
apparently full grown larva, with the breast-bone ending anteriorly
in two triangular points with a rectangular excision between them.

6. C. persicoldes, n. sp. Gall round, 0.1 to 0.2 in diameter,
smooth, without nipple-shaped tip, yellowish or red, clothed with
a delicate down like that of peach, and looking somewhat like a
diminutive fruit of this kind. I found these galls more seldom
than the others.

7. C. cynipsca, n. sp. Rounded, irregular, hard swelling on
the under side of the hickory-leaf, on the midrib, near the base of
the leaf, about half an inch long. When I found it (in July) it
was pale yellowish, and contained, in several small hollows, minute
whitish larva?, with a breast-bone narrowed anteriorly and ending
in a point.

8. C. ylntinosa, n. sp. The small yellowish-orange larva forms
no gall, but lives in the open air on the under-side of the leaf, to
which it is attached by a viscous substance probably secreted by

13

194 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the leaf. The presence of the larva is indicated on the other side
of the leaf by a round yellow spot. The structure of the larva is
peculiar : it has rows of fleshy, pointed tubercles along its back,
like the larva of C. pini inopis (described below), with which it
agrees in some respects in its habit of fastening itself to the sur-
face of the leaf by means of a viscous substance.

9. C. solidaginis Lw. Gall on Solidago produced by the arrest
of the growth of the stalk, which causes the leaves to accumulate
round the same spot and thus to produce a large imbricated de-
formation. It begins to appear already in July, but the flies
escape only late in the fall. The following description of gall and
fly have been prepared by Mr. Loew : —

" The gall (Tab. I, fig. 8) represents a globular head of the size
of 1| to 2 inches formed by hundreds of leaves, the exterior ones
being only little altered, the interior ones becoming more and
more narrow ; on a closer examination we easily perceive that this
structure results from the coalescence of several deformations at
the tips of abortive twigs ; in a specimen which I dissected I
counted five such shortened twigs. At the top of each twig there
is a single gall, without compartment, somewhat of the shape of a
very small seed, and having in its interior a cavity widened a little
underneath. The tip of one of them (Tab. I, fig. 10) showed at
its end three small convergent lobes, giving it the appearance of
being produced by three coalescent leaves. I could not discover
this structure in the others ; I found only a rounded, rather irre-
gular opening at the tip. The insect which produces this defor-
mation likewise belongs to the genus Cecidomyia in the restricted
sense.

C. solidagiiiis LOEW. £ and 9. (Tab. I, fig. 4— 7.)— Fusca, ab-
domine fasciis rufis et nigris picto ; antenuarutn flagellum in mare arti-
culis 20 vel 21, in foemina circiter 18 ; ake pilosse, nigricautes, venula
transversa nullo, ; terebra foemiiise modice elongata.

Fuscous, abdomen with black and red bands ; flagellum of the antenna?
with 20 or 21 joints in the male, with about 18 in the female; wings
hairy, blackish, without transverse veinlet ; borer of the female mode-
rately long. Long. corp. ^ 0.1G, J 0.17. Long. al. £ and 9 0.16 —

0.17.

Thorax with the pleura? sometimes brown, sometimes dark fus-
cous, with black hairs. Abdomen of the female with distinct

CECIDOMYIA. 195

black and red transverse bands, the latter less distinct in the
male ; hairs of the abdomen blackish with a lighter reflection.
Antennae of the male with 20 or 21 brown flagellar joints with
rather long peduncles, the uppermost being much smaller than
the preceding ; the verticillate hairs very long and rather light.
The female has generally some flagellar joints less, and its joints
are round, with shorter hairs and without any peduncle. The
female ovipositor has a very moderate length and is little pointed.
Legs of the female black without white reflection. Legs of the
male much longer and more slender than those of the female; hind
tibia? and tarsi everywhere with a white reflection, which, on the
fore and middle tibia? and tarsi, is chiefly seen on the under
side. Poisers black. Wings blackish on account of their close
and long hairs ; between the first and second longitudinal veins no
transverse vein is visible; the second longitudinal vein towards its
end is very little curved exteriorly ; the anterior branch of the
third longitudinal vein is distinct and nearly straight." (Descrip-
tion drawn from dry specimens.)

10. C. hirtipes 0. S. Rounded gall at the tip of stunted stalks
of Solidago, sometimes nearly an inch in diameter, smooth, brown-
ish on the outside, solid inside, containing several larvae in different
compartments. I found them in August, and obtained the fly on
the 17th of September.

C. hdrtipes 0. S. 9. — Antennas reddish-black, 22-jointed,
joints short, subcylindrical, almost subglobular, gradually decreasing
in size towards the tip, separated by pedicels which are shorter than
the joints, yerticillate-pilose ; head dark reddish with black hairs
on the vertex; eyes contiguous on the front; thorax blood-red, its
back blackish, the usual three stripes being almost coalescent and
separated by rows of erect black hairs ; collare blackish above ;
pleura3 blood-red, with indistinct black dots ; scutellum and meta-
thorax red, the first with black hairs; halteres reddish at base, the
club deep black ; abdomen red, upper side of the segments with a
blackish, apressed, rather sparse pubescence ; coxa? reddish, feet
deep black; wings with a dense, blackish pubescence; costa black,
especially along its middle portion ; second longitudinal vein reaches
the margin at or close by the tip of the wing ; cross-vein indistinct.
(Description drawn from a fresh specimen.)

11. C. carbonifera, n. sp. Pale, circular spots, surrounded by

196 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a purplish-black ring, on the leaves of Solidago; under each spot,
inside of the leaf, several larva?. I found them commonly in Au-
gust, and observed that the hollow space within the leaf was fre-
quently filled with a hard, black substance, not unlike charcoal.

12. G. racemicola, n. sp. Bud-shaped gall among the racemes
of Solidago. It has about 0.1 in diameter, is green, and looks
exactly like a bud, but is easily distinguished from the buds of
Solidago by its stout, rounded form. Each gall contains a single
reddish larva. Not rare in September.

13. 0. vaccinii, n. sp. Gall on the leaf of Vaccinium (or Gay-
lussacia ?), in the shape of a cock's comb, I found near Wash-
ington, in October, one single leaf with two galls of this kind,
arising from the central rib. The largest of the galls was about
0.15 high and 0.2 broad about the middle. They were green, and
resembled pretty much a cock's comb, or, still better, an oyster,
fastened by its hinge. After having been kept for some time on
moist sand, both burst open exactly like the valves of a shell, and
a reddish larva escaped from each. Both wandered for some days
in the bottle in which I kept them, and inclosed themselves after-
wards in delicate semitransparent cocoons, formed above the sur-
face of the sand, between some chips of paper which I had provided
for them. Unfortunately, both died without undergoing their final
transformation.

14. C. pini inopis, n. sp. Resinous cocoon on the leaves of
the scrub pine (Pinus inops}. Similar cocoons have been observed
on the European pine, and described a century ago by Degeer.
Ratzeburg, in his Forst-Insecten, describes and figures the same
cocoon, as well as the larva and the perfect insect, C. pini Deg.*
Dufour (in the Ann. Soc. Entomol. de France, 1838, p. 293) gives
an account of a Gecidomyia with precisely similar habits, which he
observed on the South European pine (Pinus maritima), and which
he called G. pini maritime.

The larva producing these cocoons is remarkable for two rows
of oblong, pointed, fleshy protuberances along its back, and a
similar row on each side. (See Ratzeburg, Forst-Insecten, III,
Tab. x, f. 14, L.) Early in April I saw some of these larvae
emerge from a small hollow between two terminal buds, where
they had probably spent the winter, and crawl along the leaves,

* See the same figures of cocoon and larva in Wiegm. Archiv, etc.,
vol. VII, p. 233.

CECIDOMYIA. 191

aided in this by a resinous substance which they exuded abund-
antly. Having readied a certain height on the leaf, they stop and
remain quiet till the resinous substance covering them becomes
hard and assumes the shape of an oblong, whitish, semi-transparent
cocoon. Then the larva may be seen moving to and fro inside of
this cocoon. I did not succeed to rear the fly from the cocoons
which I brought home, and when I returned to the same spot in
the woods about a month later, the cocoons were already empty.

According to Ratzeburg's statement the European species spends
the winter in the cocoon. The American species, as just shown,
forms its cocoon only in the spring. As, nevertheless, it may be
identical, or at least closely allied to G. pini Degeer, I subjoin here
the description of the latter, translated from Mr. Winnertz's mo-
nograph. (Compare also Ratzeb. 1. c. Ill, p. 159.)

C. (Diplosis) pini Degeer. £ Antennae somewhat longer than
the body, brown, basal joints yellow, verticils snow-white ; joints
strong, stout, on short pedicels, double joints three times as long
as the pedicel, the last joint with a very small, nipple-shaped pro-
jection ; hypostoma and front pale reddish or brown; palpi reddish-
yellow; thorax brownish-black or black, with two rows of white
hairs from the collare to the scutellum, and one row from the shoul-
der to the origin of the wing ; pectus blackish ; pleurae reddish-
brown ; halteres white ; abdomen reddish-brown, with white hair,
forceps blackish ; feet brown with white articulations, under side
silvery-white ; posterior feet with a silvery-white reflection when
viewed in a certain light; wings milky white, with a white pubes-
cence, the costal and the two first longitudinal veins brown, the
third longitudinal vein pale ; transverse vein pale, but distinct,
very oblique, situated a very short distance beyond the middle of
the first longitudinal vein ; third longitudinal vein straight, turning
towards the posterior margin in an obtuse, rounded angle ; the
second longitudinal meets the costal immediately beyond the tip of
the wing.

9 Antennae a little more than half as long as the body, brown
with gray verticils, basal joints yellow; joints of the flagellum
about five times as long as the pedicel, last joint ending in a small
bud-shaped appendage ; hypostoma reddish-yellow ; front reddish-
brown ; palpi and thorax as in <^; halteres brown ; abdomen red-
dish-brown, with short whitish hairs, more dense and with a silvery
reflection laterally ; ovipositor short, yellow, with two small oval

19S D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

laraels ; femora and tibiae and the anterior pair of tarsi superiorly
black or black-brown ; inferiorly white with a silvery reflection ;
the posterior tarsi have the two basal joints black or black-brown
superiorly, silvery white inferiorly; the three last joints are silvery
white, sometimes with blackish articulations ; wings gray, irides-
cent with a dense, blackish-brown pubescence and brown veins ;
cross-vein distinct, very oblique, situated a little before the middle
of the first longitudinal vein; second longitudinal as in £ , the
third likewise, although almost perpendicular to the posterior mar-
gin. Length g 9 0.1 to 0.15.

15. C. brachynteroides, n. sp. Swelling at the basis of the leaves
of the scrub pine (Finns inops). In consequence of this swelling
the pairy leaves diverge, their bases coalesce, and the sheath at
the basis of the bunch bursts. In July these swellings contain
several small reddish larvae; in winter I found them empty, but
having observed some larva? hanging on cobwebs near these galls,
I conclude that they undergo their transformation under ground,
and were caught in these cobwebs in the attempt to leave the gall.

The habits of this Cecidorayia seem to be very like those of C.
brac/tyntera Schwagr. living at the base of the pairy leaves of the
European Pinus sylvestris. Still, the latter produces no gall or
swelling whatever, and causes the leaves only to wither ; it also
goes under ground for transformation. (See Ratzeburg, Forst-In-
secten, Vol. Ill, p. 160.)

16. G. serrulalce 0. S. Deformed terminal buds of the common
alder (Alnus serrulata).

The buds appear enlarged, rounded, pointed at the tip, having
from three to five lines in diameter. In autumn they are greenish ;
in winter withered, brown, and frequently covered with a whitish
efflorescence. Each gall contained in October from two to six red-
dish larva?, lodged in the same compartment. In winter the galls
are found empty, as the larvae go under ground. By keeping some
of these galls, gathered in October, on moist earth, I obtained the
fly in the following April. It belongs to the sub-genus Cecidomyia
Loew. The description has been drawn from fresh specimens.

C. serrulatae 0. S. <g and 9. — Head andantenna3 brownish ;
mouth and palpi paler; antennas 18-jointed in both sexes; joints
verticillate and on moderately long pedicels (</); subcylindrical,
subsessile (9); thorax blackish superiorly, the usual three stripes

CECIDOMYIA. 199

being coalescent; their intervals are indicated only by longitudinal
crests of erect hairs; a reddish spot before the scutellurn; the lat-
ter brownish with two black streaks at the basis ; sternum brown-
ish; the rest of the thorax, as well as the abdomen, are of a bright
red, especially in the 2, where this red color is more apparent, the
abdomen being so much more distended ; dorsal segments of the
abdomen brown (which color is produced by numerous and exceed-
ingly minute scales, appressed to the body) ; stem of halteres pale,
knob obscurer ; basal half of femora pale ; their apical half, tibue
and tarsi brownish ; wings margined with a brown pubescence
anteriorly and round the apex, especially in the 9; cross-vein not
apparent; the second longitudinal vein reaches the margin a short
distance before the apex.

IT. C. ocellarts, n. sp. Ocelliform, red spots on the leaves of
the red maple (Acer rubruni). They have about 0.3 in diameter ;
the margin is bright cherry red, and there is a round patch of the
same kind in the centre. The interval between them is pale. They
appear brighter on the upper side of the leaf; on the under side
in the centre is a small depression occupied by a small, transpa-
rent, colorless larva. I found them in this state at the beginning
of June. Later in the season I observed that the spots had lost
their fresh color, and that the larva had disappeared ; I suppose it
drops to the ground to undergo its transformation.

18. C. pellex, n. sp. Rounded oblong, succulent, subpellucid
galls on the ribs of the leaves of the ash (Fraxinus americana).
Diameter, 0.15 to 0.2. They are pale green, and the more ripe
ones are slightly colored with brownish. The principal convexity
is on the upper side of the leaf; on the under side the leaf-rib
appears swollen, pale green in the middle, and whitish on both
sides. Each gall contains a whitish larva; some of these galls
were double. There were one or more (as many as six) galls on
the same leaf. Towards the end of June I found many of these
galls shrivelled and dry, and suppose therefore that the larvas had
gone under ground. A gall apparently similar to this has been
discovered on the European ash, and described by Bremi and
Winnertz.

19. G. niveipila, n. sp. Deformation of oak leaves, consisting
of a large fold with a white pubescence on the inside. It begins
very early in the spring on the young leaves of the white oak and
other kinds of oak. The egg is probably deposited on the upper

200 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

surface of the leaf, on one of the ribs. The irritation caused by
the larva produces a fold or cavity in the leaf, lined inside with a
white pubescence. The under side of the leaf shows on the cor-
responding spot the swollen rib, which is pale green, bordered on
both sides by the same white pubescence. The galls, according
to their size, contain more or less larvae, sometimes ten or more.
When this deformation is very large, it involves the whole leaf,
which is folded in two along the midrib, the under side forming
the outside of the fold, and showing the swollen ribs with the
white pubescence in their intervals. On the 25th of May I found
some of the galls considerably grown, thick, and swollen ; their
pubescence was of the brightest white ; the larvae they contained
were also grown, plump, white. Other galls, on the contrary, had
grown but little, and appeared sickly or withered. They contained
no larvos at all, or their inmates appeared yellowish and sickly. I
suppose that some of them were attacked by parasites, as I found
a minute hymenopterous larva fastened to the skin of one. In
June some of the galls which I brought home were abandoned by
their inmates, which went under ground for transformation, but
perished soon afterwards.

The larva of this gall is white, and has two small horny pro-
cesses, directed upwards, at the anal end of the body ; its breast
bone is truncated, heart-shaped anteriorly.

20. C. erubescens, n. sp. Folded margin of an oak leaf, tinged
with red. This deformation seems to resemble that of C. quercus
Lw. on the European oaks. Occurs in the spring.

21. C. symmetric**, n. sp. Hard red gall on the leaves of dif-
ferent kinds of oak, small and round (between 0.05 and 0.1 in
diameter) when single, but more commonly assuming an irregular
shape by the coalescence of a number of them.

I find them chiefly and in large numbers on leaves of Quercus
falcata in autumn. They sometimes invade almost the whole sur-
face of the leaf, and have exactly the same size and shape on both
its sides. The single round galls contain one larva, the compound
ones a number of them, depending on the size of the gall, but each
in its own compartment. The red substance of the crust shows
many cracks, when the gall is ripe, and is easily detached. Under
it is a harder, almost woody, yellowish substance. When the dry
leaves with such galls fall to the ground, the red part of the crust
generally crumbles away in part, partly it is found erect, forming

CECIDOMYIA. 201

a jagged fence round the gall. Such galls are generally empty,
the larva? having perhaps gone under ground, although one of the
specimens which I brought home was inclosed in a delicate cocoon
inside of the gall.

The larva is reddish, and has the usual breast-bone with a deep
excision in the middle anteriorly ; the two lobes thus formed are
rounded.

These galls, as I remarked before, protrude symmetrically on
both sides of the leaf. On other kinds of oak, especially the quer-
citron oak (Q. tinctoria), I found similar galls, but on the upper
side of the leaf only, without the corresponding excrescence on the
under side. Those I brought home were abandoned by their larvae,
which went under ground. Thus I am very uncertain about the
identity of both galls, as well as about the habits of the insects.
As all these galls were found with larvae late in autumn, it is evi-
dent that the fly escapes very early in the spring.

22. C. poatlum, n. sp. The so-called oak spangles (Fitch, Rep.,
vol. II, No. 40), small, circular, somewhat saucer-shaped scales,
from 0.1 to 0.2 in diameter, reddish or purplish, covered with a
white efflorescence, attached to the leaf by a short pedicel, common
in autumn on different kinds of oaks, are generally found empty.
In the beginning of August I found a similar gall, yet succulent
and greenish, on the post oak (Q. obtusiloba), and inside of it a
small whitish larva having all the appearance of the larva of a
Cecidomyia, although, on account of its minuteness, I did not suc-
ceed in discovering the breast-bone.

Dr. Fitch is in error when he states that these galls are " per-
fectly the same" as those noticed by Westwood, Introd., II, p.
130. The European galls of this kind are pilose externally, as
stated by Westwood and figured by Reaumur (Mem., vol. Ill, Tab.
XL, f. 13); the American ones, at least those which came under
my notice, are smooth.

23. Lasioptera vitis 0. S. Swelling of the stem and leafstalks
of the wild grape. This irregular succulent swelling, which be-
comes red on its stouter and riper portions, extends not only along
the stem and leafstalks, but also invades the leaf-ribs. It contains
round hollows of about 0.1 in diameter with an orange-yellow
larva in each. Some of the hollows are often abandoned by their
inmates and invaded by numerous Tltrips. Having brought this

202 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

gall home, I noticed that the larvae went under ground arid ob-
tained the fly on the 29th of June.

Li. vitis 0. S. — 0.04 long, pale reddish, head blackish, antennce
black, apparently 23-jointed, filiform, joints broader than long,
sessile, with a short pubescence (they answer exactly Winnerlz's
figure of the antenna of L. rubi Wz., I. c. Tab. IY, f. 14), two
basal joints yellow, thorax blackish above, with a golden pubes-
cence near the collare and down to the origin of the wings ; scu-
tellum pale reddish, abdomen covered superiorly, on each segment,
with rows of blackish scales ; legs pale reddish, wings with gray
pubescence, anterior margin with a black fringe of hairs.

24. G. viticola, n. sp. Elongated, conical, red galls, 0.25 to 0.3
long ; on the upper side of the leaves of the grape.

On the 16th of July, when I found them, they contained pale
orange larvae, the breast bone of which had two points anteriorly,
with several small indentations between them. The tip of the body
ended in two curved, horny points, directed upwards.

25. Cecid. pudibunda, n. sp. Fold on the leaf of the hornbeam
(Carpinus americana), tinged with red on the outside. It is gen-
erally situated between two of the side ribs, and runs, therefore,
obliquely towards the central rib. Inside of this fold I found, on
the 15th of June, exceedingly small whitish larva? ; when magnified
they appeared semi-transparent, with an orange spot about the
middle of the body, and with numerous short, erect bristles ; the
head is distinct, as well as two short antennae; although I did not
perceive the breast-bone, I have no doubt, from the appearance of
these larvae, that they belong to this genus.

26. G. Hriodendri, n. sp. Brown spots with a yellow or green-
ish aureole on the leaves of the tulip-tree (Liriodendron tidipifera).

These spots, about 0.2 or 0.3 in diameter, indicate the presence,
inside of the leaf, of a leaf-mining larva of Cecidomyia. It is about
one line long, orange, the exserted portion of the breast bone is
truncated heart-shaped ; the tip of the body has two short, horny
points, directed upwards. (Similar spots on the same tree are
produced by a lepidopterous larva.)

27. G. tidipiferce, n. sp. Swelling of the midrib of the leaf
of the tulip-tree. One of these swellings, which I found on the
27th of July, contained several pale orange larvae of Cecidomyia.
They had two short, erect, horny points at the end of the body ;

CECIDOMYIA. 203

the protruding portion of the breast-bone consisted of two trian-
gular projections with a triangular excision between them.

28. C. stroMlo'ides, n. sp. Terminal buds of the willow (the
species is not known to me) deformed in the shape of the cone of
a pine. This deformation, communicated to me by Mr. Rob.
Kennicott, who found them abundantly in northern Illinois, is an
inch or more long and contains several reddish larvaB under each
scale, so that the total number of the larvae in one gall is very
considerable. A precisely similar gall has been observed by Mr.
Bremi on one of the European willows, and is figured in his mono-
graph (Denkschr. d. Schweitz. Ges. fur Naturk., Vol. VIII, tab.
II) under the name of Cec. strobilana. The perfect insect like-
wise remained unknown to him.

29. C. chrysopsidis Lw. The gall (Tab. I, f. 1) occurs in Sep-
tember on Chrysopsis mariana and was communicated to me by
Prof. Schaeffer in Washington. Gall and fly are described by
Mr. Loew as follows : —

" The gall consists of a woollen knob of nearly the form and
size of a very small walnut. On the sides there are single pro-
jecting leaves, which appear to have undergone no deformation ;
at the upper end the leaves of the extremity of the shoot seem to
be a little shortened. On removing the rather long hairs of the
knob, the interior may be observed to consist of a very great num-
ber of single galls, which have no compartments, and coalesce here
and there. Each of these galls has an obconical form, unless
modified in consequence of its coalescence with the neighboring
ones ; and it is covered exteriorly with hairs growing longer to-
wards the upper end, and resembling the pubescence on the stem
and leaves of the plant. In its interior there is a cylindrical
smooth cavity, which the perfect insect leaves through a small
round opening of the upper end. This opening apparently does
not exist during the larva-state of the insect, since together with
galls which were furnished with it, and had been abandoned by
the perfect insects, I found some which had no opening and con-
tained the images dead.

" The small Gall-gnat which produces this deformation belongs
to the genus Cecidamyia in the restricted sense, and may be called
Cecidomyia chrysopsidis."

204 DIFTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

C. Chrysopsidis LOEW. £ and 9. (Tab. I, figs. 2 and 3.)— Rufa,
thorace fuscano, antennarum in inare articulis 17, in focmina 15 ; ali»
pilosse, cinerese, venula transversa nulla; terebra foeminse longissima.

Red, thorax fuscous ; flagellum of the antennae 17-jointed in the male, 15-
jointed in the female ; wings hairy, cinereous ; no transverse veinlet ;
the borer of the female very long. Long. corp. £ 0.1, £ 0.14. Long,
al. £ and £ 0.13.

Red, ou the upper part of the thorax fuscous, with very short
hairs. Pleurae with brown spots. Abdomen with indistinct brown
bands. The hairs of the abdomen very short, appearing light-
colored. Antenna? of the male with seventeen (the right-hand side
antenna of one specimen with eighteen) joints of the flagellnm;
joints on moderately long peduncles ; the two last are usually
welded together ; the verticillate hairs on them are very long and
rather light. The female generally has two flagellar joints less,
and they are rounder, with shorter hairs and without any pedun-
cle. Legs dark fuscous, in some directions with a bright sericeous
reflection ; tips of the knees whitish. Poisers very pale, with the
knob almost whitish. Wings rather dark gray on account of their
close pubescence ; between the first and second longitudinal veins
no transverse vein is apparent ; the second longitudinal vein,
towards its end, is very little arcuated exteriorly. The anterior
branch of the third longitudinal vein is rather indistinct." (De-
scription drawn from dry specimens.)

30. C. impatientis, n. sp. Succulent swelling at the base of the
flower of Impatiens fulva, in September; contains red Iarva3.
(Communicated to me by Prof. Schaeffer.)

31. C. farinosa, n. sp. Rounded woody swelling at the base of
the leaflets or on the midrib of the common blackberry; contains
red larvae.

32. C. agrostis, n. sp. Mentioned in Dr. Fitch's paper : The
Hessian Fly, etc. (Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc., Vol. VI), on
p. 38 of the second edition, in pamphlet form, in a note which I
reproduce here: " I doubt whether the Hessian fly will continue
to be the sole member of this genus having a coarctate pupa.
Quite recently a species has occurred to my notice analogous to
the Hessian fly flaxseed in every point that I have been able to
detect, except that its larva-case is of a pale brown color, untinged
with rufous or castaneous. It infests the Agrostis lateriflora? num-
bers dwelling together in an imbricated gall, somewhat resembling

CEC1DOMYIA. 205

the fertile aments of the hop, though larger, and connected with
the main stalk by a short pedicel which is inserted into one of the
lowest joints of the culm. From the coriaceous texture of the
larva case, I suspect the inclosed worm will not leave it until trans-
formed to a pupa and upon the point of evolving the perfect fly."
It deserves to be noticed that Cecid. graminicola, discovered by
Kaltenbach (Winnertz, 1. c. p. 292), having precisely similar ha-
bits, forms an apparently analogous gall, likewise on a herbaceous
plant, Poa nemoralis.

INDEX,

abbreviata, Parydra, 168
Acalyptratae, 33
Acanthocera, 20
Acanthomera, 19
Acanthomeridae, 19
Acanthomyia, 17
Acanthoneura, 49
Acarterus 30
Achalcus, 32
aciculata, Psilopa, 142
Acidia, 49

acidusa, Trypeta, 57
Acinia, 49, 50
Aciuia comma, 58

uovseboracensis, 78

solidaginis, 82
Aciura, 49, 50
Aclada, 13
Acnephalum, 23
Acreotrichus, 25
Acrochfeta, 17
Actina, 17, 18
Actora, 37
Acurana, 23
Adelidea, 25
Adraga, 18
Aedes, 5
senea, Ortalis, 59
aequalis, Trypeta, 86
Agromyza, 46
Agromyzidae, 46
agrostis, Cecidomyia, 204
Aissa, 18

alba, Trypeta, 100
albidipennis, Trypeta, 100
albiscutellata, Trypeta, 57, 60
Alcimus, 23
Allarithmia, 11
Alliocera, 18
Amalopis, 10, 11
americana, Blepharocera, 8
Amictus, 25
Arnpsalis, 18
Ampyx, 23
AnabarhynchuSj 24
Anacanthella, 18

Analcocerus, 17
Anarete, 7, 177
Anaretina, 7, 174
Anarolius, 23
Andrenosoma, 24
Anepsius, 32
anilis, Dryomyza, 128
Anisomera, 10, 11
Anisophysa, 18
Auisotamia, 25, 26
annulata, Gynoplistia, 13
Anomoia, 50
Anopheles, 5
Antbalia, 30
Antbomyia, 36
Antbomyidae, 36
Anthopliilae, 33
Anthrax, 25, 26
antica, Sciomyza, 104
antillarutn, Trypeta, Urophora, Or-
talis, 57, 61
Antipalus, 24
Antiphrisson, 24
Antocha, 10, 11, 12
Apatomyza, 25, 26
Apeilesis, 10
Aphrites, 25
Aphrosylus, 32
Aplomera, 30
Apoclea, 23
Apolysis, 25
Aporosa, 10

appendiculata, Paralimna, 138
Aragara, 50

arcuata, Tetanocera, 115
arcuata, Trypeta, Ortalis, 57, 60
Ardoptera, 31
Argyra, 32
Argyromosba, 25, 26
Argyrospila, 25
Aricia, 36

arniata, Trypeta, Strauzia, 5s3, 60, 65
armipes, Sepedon, 126
Arrhenica, 10, 11
Artemida, 18
Arthria, 14, 15

208

INDEX.

Artliropeas, 16
Asilidae, 22
Asilina, 23
Asilus, 24
Asindulum, 13
Aspbondylia, 7, 176
Aspistes, 14
Asteidae, 47
asteris, Trypeta, 58, 99
Astoinella, 21
Asynapta, 7, 177
Ataracta, 11
Atherix, 20
Athyroglossa, 132
Atissa, 149
Atornosia, 23, 24
atra, Psilopa, 143
Atractia, 24

atrovirens, Ephydra, 169
Aulacephala, 33
Autonia, 25
avala, Trypeta, 58
Axysta, 149, 155
Azana, 13

Bacciia, 26
Bactrocera, 51
balioptera, Discomyza, 140
Baryphora, 24
Baseiitidema, 17
Bathypogou, 23, 24
beauvoisii, Trypeta, 58, 98
bella, Notiphila, 135
bella, Trypeta, 88
Belvoisia, 35
Beridina. 17
Beris, 17
Biastes, 18
Bibio, 14, 15
Bibionidse, 2, 3, 14
Bibionina, 14

bituberculata, Parydra, 165
Bittacomorpha, 10, 12
Blastocera, 18
Blepliaripeza, 35
Blepharocera, 8
Blepharocera americana, 8
Blepharoceridse, 8
Blepliarotes, 23
Bolbomyia, 17
Boletina, 13, 14
Bolitophila, 13, 14
Bombylidse, 25
Boinbylius, 25
Bombylosoma, 25
Borboridae, 47
Borborus, 47

cii, Tetanocera, 108

Bracbycera, 2, 15
Brachydeutera, 162
Bracbydeutera dimidiata, 163
braehjnteroid.es, Cecidoinyia, 198
Brachypalpus, 13, 26
Bracbyrbopala, 22
Brachystorua, 30'
brevicauda, Dicbeeta. 133
breviceps, Parydra, 167

Cabasa, 23

Cacosis, 17

Cadicera, 20

Cadreuia, 29

Csenia, 159

caeruleiventris, Psilopa, 144

Calautra. 50

caliptera, Cecidomyia, 187

caliptera, Trypeta, 58, 60, 78

Callipbora, 35

Callornyia, 28, 29

Callostoma, 25

Calobaea, 103

Calobatnon, 11

Calobata, 39

Calyptratse, 33

Canipeprosopa, 17

Campsicnemus, 32

Camptoneura, 50

Campylocera, 49

Campylomyza, 7, 178

Campylomyza scutellata, 187

Canace, 158

canadensis, Tetanocera, 108

carbonifera, Cecidomyia, 196

Cardiacera, 51

carinata, Notiphila, 137

Carpomyia, 50

caryse, Diplosis, 189, 191

carysecola, Cecidomyia, 192

Catocha, 7, 177

caudata, Dicbseta, 133

Cecidogona, 7, 178

Cecidomyia, 7, 174, 176, 187

Cecidomyia agrostis, 204

brachyntero'ides, 198

caliptera, 187

caryaecola, 192

carbonifera, 19o

cerealis, 187

chrysopsidis, 190, 203

culrnicola, 189

cynipsea, 193

destructor, 189

erubescens, 200

farinosa, 204

glutinosa, 193

grossulariae, 1S9

INDEX.

209

Cecidornyia hirtipes. 190, 195
holotricha, 193
impatientis, 204
liriodendri, 202
uiveipila, 199
ocellaris, 199
ornata, 187
pellex, 199
persicoides, 193
pini Deg., Diplosis, 197
pini inopis, 196
poculum, 201
pseudoacaciae, 189
pudibunda, 202
racemicola, 196
rigidse, 189
robinise, 189
salicis, 189
sanguinolenta, 192
serrulatse, 189, 198
solidaginis, 190, 194
spongivora, 187
strobiloides, 203
symruetrica, 200
tergata, 187
thoracica, 187
tritici, 189
tubicola, 192
tulipiferse, 202
vaccinii, 196
viticola, 202

Cecidomyidse, 6, 173

Cecidomyina, 7, 174

Cephalia, 40

Cephalocera, 22

Cephalomyia, 33

Cepheneiuyia, 33

Cerajocera, 50

Ceratitis, 49, 50

Ceratopogon, 5

Ceraturgus, 23, 24

Cerdistus, 24

cerealis, Cecidomyia, 187

Ceria, 26

Ceroplatus, 13

Ceroxys, 40

Chalarus, 27

Chalcochiton, 25

Chauna, 18, 19

Cheilopogon, 22

Cheilosia, 26

Chenesia, 6

Chetostoraa, 50

Chionea, 9, 11

Chiromyza, 17

Chironomidte, 5

Chirononius, 5

Chlorops, 46
14

Choerades, 23
Chordonota, 18
Choristus, 25
Chrysochlamys, 26
Chrysochlora, 17
Chrysogaster, 26
Chrysomyia, 18
Chrysonotus, 18
Chrysopila, 20
Chrysops, 20

clirysopsidis, Cecidomyia, 190, 203
Chrysosoma, 35
Chrysothemis, 4, 15, 16
Chrysotimus, 32
Chrysotoxum, 26
Clirysotus, 32
Chyliza, 38
Chymophila, 26
Ckyromantis, 31
cinctipes, Trypeta, 58, 60
cingulata, Trypeta, 76
Cionophora, 24
Cladura, 10, 11
Clanis, 20

clara, Tetanocera, 109
clathrata, Trypeta, 80
Clinocera, 31
Clitellaria, 18, 19
Clinorhyncha, 7, 175
Clorisoma, 18
Clunio, 6
Codula, 23
Coelopa, 42
Coenomyia, 16
Coenomyina, 16
Coenosia, 36
Colax, 21
Colpodia, 7, 176
combinata, Tetanocera, 116
comma, Trypeta, 58, 93
Comptosia, 25
Conopina, 27
Conops, 27
Cordyla, 13
Cordylura, 36
Cordyluridse, 36
Corethra, 5

Corethra punctipennis Say, 5
Coriacea, 4, 48
Cormansis, 23

ornifera, Trypeta, 58, 60, 65
fornigera, Trypeta, 58, 60, 65
Corsomyza, 25
Corynocerus, 5
oryuoneura, 6
orythophora, 131, 132
costalis, Tetanocera, 118
rapitula, 15

210

INDEX.

Craspedia, 23
Crassiseta, 46
CreophilsB, 33
Critoneura, 11
Crobilocerus, 23
Crocidium, 25
Cryptineura, 26
Cryptolabis, 10, 11
Ctenogyna, 10
Cteuophora, 10. 11
Ctenostylum, 33
Ctenulus, 103
Culcua, 18
Culex, 5
Culicidse, 5
Culicoides, 6

culmicola, Cecidomyia, 189
culta, Trypeta, 58, 94
Cuterebra, 33
Cyclogaster, 18
Cyclotelus, 16, 24
Cyclorhynchus, 25
Cylindrotoina, 10, 11
Cylleuia, 25

cynipsea, Cecidomyia, 193
Cynomyia, 35
Cypliomyia, 18, 19
Cyrtidffi,' 21
Cyrtina, 21
Cyrtorna, 30, 31
Cyrtoneura, 35
Cyrtoplirys, 22
Cyrtosia, 25
Cyrtus, 21

Dacina, 40, 51

Dactyliscus, 23

Dactylolabis, 11

Dacus, 40, 49, 50

Dacus olese, 50

Danialis, 23

Dasophrys, 23

Daspletis, 23

Dasybasis, 20

Dasyllis, 23

Dasyneura, 50, 51

Dasyomma, 20

Dasypalpus, 25

Dasypogon, 22, 24

Dasypogoniua, 22

Dasythrix, 23

debilis, Philygria, 157

Dejeania, 35

Delphinia, 40

destructor, Cecidomyia, 189

Dexidze, 33

Diabasis, 20

Diadocidia, 13

Dialysis, 16
Dialyta, 36
Diamesa, 6, 7
Diaphorus, 32
Diapnesia, 14
Diastata, 45
Dichseta, 45, 132
Diclifeta brevicauda, 133

caudata, 133
Dichelacera, 20
Dicrania, 20
Dicraiiomyia, 10, 11, 13
Dicranophora, 17
Dicrauophragina, 10, 11
Dicranoptycha, 10, 11
Dicranota, 10, 11
Dicrauus, 23
Didea, 26
Dilophus, 14, 15
Diniassiis, 16, 24
Dimeraspis, 27

diuiidiata, Brachydeutera, 163
Diiiera, 34
dinia, Trypeta, 58
Dioctria, 23

Dioctria octopunctata, 24
Dioiiomus, 14
Diopsidaa, 44
Diphysa, 17
Diplonema, 9
Diplosis, 7, 176
Diplosis caryae, 189, 191
inaccus, 187
pini D<-g., 197
robiiiize, 189

Dirhiza, 7, 176

Dischistns, 25

Discocephala, 23, 24

Discocerina, 45, 132, 145

Discocerina lacteipennis, 145
leucoprocta, 148
orbitalis, 147
parva, 146
simplex, 147

discolor, Trypeta, (J4

Discomyza, 45, 132, 140

Discomyza balioptera, 140

Dithryca, 50

Ditomyia, 13, 14

Dixa, 9, 11

Dolichodes, 23

Dolichogaster, 22

Doliclioinyia, 25

Dolichopeza, 10, 13

Dolichopodidae, 32

Dolichopus, 32

Doros, 26

Drapetis, 31

INDEX.

211

Drosophila, 46
Drosophilidse, 45

Dryodromia, 31
Dryomyza, 37, 128
Dryomyza anilis, 128

simplex, 128
Dysclytus, 23
Dyseris, 23
Dysinachus, 23

Eccoptopus, 24
Echiiiomyia, 35
E^hthistus, 24
Eclimus, 25
Ectecephala, 46
Ectenopsis, 20
Ectinorliynchus, 24
Elaphromyia, 50
Elaphropeza, 31
Elasmocera, 23
electa, Trypeta, 71
Electra, 4, 15, 16
Elephantomyia, 10, 11, 13
Ernpidse, 30
Empis, 30
Enica, 25, 26
Enicocera, 51
Eniconeura, 25
Ensina, 49
Eplrippiuin, 18
Ephydra, 45, 159, 169
Ephydra atrovirens, 169
Ephydrina, 45, 131, 158
Ephydrinida?, 44, 129
Epicerella, 49
Epicerina, 21
Epidapus, 15
Epidesmia, 50
Epidosis, 7, 177
Epiphragina, 10, 11
Epistrophe, 26
Epitriptus, 24
Eproboscidse, 4
Erax, 23, 24
Eriocera, 10, 11
Eriogaster, 30
Eriopogon, 23
Erioptera, 10, 11
Eriosoma, 21
Eriphia, 36
Eristalis 26
Eristicus, 23
Erodiorhynchus, 20
erubescens, Cecidomyia, 200
Esther! a, 34
Euarmostus 23, 24
Eudineta, 17
Euleia, 50

Eulonchus, 21
Enmerus, 27
Eumetopia, 39
Euparyphus, 18, 19
Eupeitenns, 15
Eurina, 46
Eurycareuus, 25
Euscelidia, 23
Eutarsus, 32
Euthyueura, 30
Eutolrnus, 23
Evanioptera, 10
Evaza, 18
Exapata, 24
Exetasis, 21
Exeretoneura, 21
Exocliostoma, 17
Exodontha, 17
Exoprosopa, 25, 26
exsculpta, Ochthera, 160

Fallenia, 22

farinosa, Cecidomyia, 204

favillacea, Scatella, 170

festiva, Trypeta, 86

fimbriata, Trypeta, 58, 60

flavescens, Tetauocera, 113

flavonotata, Trypeta, 58, 60, 71

flexa, Trypeta, Ortalis, 58, 61

Forellia, 49

formosa, Hydrellia, 154

fratria, Trypeta, 67

fucata, Trypeta, 58, 95

fulvifrons, Trypeta, Ortalis, 59, 61

fuscicornis, Pbilygria, 155

fuscipeunis, Sepedon, 124

Gabaza, 18

Gastrichelius, 23

Gastroxides, 20

Gastrus, 33

Geomyzid<e, 45

Geranomyia, 10, 11, 13

Geron, 25

Glenanthe, 149

Glocbina, 10

Gloma, 30, 31

Glossista, 25

glutinosa, Cecidomyia, 193

Gnophomyia, 10

Gnoriste, 13

Gonia, 35

Gonoglossum, 50

Gonomyia, 10, 11

Gonypes, 23

Graphomyza, 103

Grossularise, Cecidomyia, 189

guttularis, Tetauocera, 108

212

INDEX.

Gymnopterrms, 32
Gymnosoma, 35
Gymnosomina, 35
Gynoplistia, 10, 13
Gynoplistia aiinulata, 13

Habropogon, 23
Hadrus, 20
Haemasson, 9
Haeraatopota, 20
Halmopota, 159
Haltericerus, 5, 32
Haploneura, 11
Harpamerus, 30
Hecamede, 132, 145
Heleodromia, 31
Heligmoneura, 23
Helouiyza, 37
Helornyzidaj, 37
Helophilus, 26
Heinerodromia, 31
Henops, 21
Hercostomus, 32
Herina rufitarsis, 59, 60
Hermetia, 18, 19
Hermetina, 18
Hesperinus, 10, 13, 15
Heterornyia, 6
Heteroneura, 42
Heteroneuridje, 42
Heteropeza, 7
Heteropogon, 23
Heterostylum. 25
Heterotricha, 14
Heteroxycera, 13
Hexastoma, 20
Hilara, 30
Hippobosca, 48
Hippoboscidse, 4, 5, 48
Hirmoneura, 21, 22
Hirmoneuridae, 21
Hirmoneurina, 21
hirtipes, Cecidomyia, 190, 195
Holopogon. 23
holotriclia, Cecidomyia, 193
Horualomyia, 36
Homalura plumbella, 46
Hoplistes, 17
Hoplistomera, 23
Hormomyia, 7, 176
Hormopeza, 30
huuiilis, Trypeta, 81
Hyadina, 149, 155
Hyalomyia, 35
Hybos, 30
Hybotidfe, 29
Hydrellia, 45, 149, 150
Hydrellia formosa, 154

Hydrellia ischiaca, 150

hypoleuca, 151

obscuripes, 152

scapularis, 153

valida, 153

Hydrellina, 45, 131, 149
Hydrobaenus, 5
Hydrophorus, 32
Hygroceleuthus, 32
Hylemyia, 36
Hypenetes, 23
Hypoderma, 33
hypoleuca, Hydrellia, 151
Hypophyllus, 32
Hystricia, 35

Ibisia, 20

Idioptera, 11

Illigera, 35

Ilythea, 159

irnpatientis, Ceeidomyia, 204

inermis, Trypeta, Strauzia, 59, 60, 65

Inermyia, 18

Inopus, 17

insecta, Trypeta, 58, 72

interrupta, Trypeta, Ortalis, 59, 61

ischiaca, Hydrellia, 150

Isopogon, 23

Itamug, 24

Iteapliila, 30

Jurinea, 35

Labidomyia, 6

lacteipennis, Discocerina, 145

Lagochilus, 25

Lagodias, 22

Lampria, 23, 24

Lamprozona, 23

Lamyra, 23

Laparus, 22

Laphria, 23, 24

Lapbrina, 23

Laphyctis, 23

Laphystia, 23, 24

Lasia, 21

Lasioonemus, 23

Lasiomastix, 11

Lasiopa, 18

Lasioprosopa, 25

Lasioptera, 7, 174

Lasioptera vitis, 202

Lastaurus, 22, 24

latifrons, Trypeta, §9

latipennis, Trypeta, Platystoma, 59,

60, 78

Lauxauia, 41
Lauxanidse, 57

INDEX.

213

Laxenecera, 23

Lecania, 24

Leja, 13

Lepidophora, 25

Lepiselaga, 20

Leptidfe, 20

Leptipalpus, 20

Leptis,20

Leptogaster, 23, 24

Leptotnorphus, 13

Leptopeza, 30

Leptosceles, 31

Leptoxys, 51

Lestremia, 7, 1 78

leucoprocta, Discocerina, 148

Leucostola, 32

Liancalus, 32

lichtensteinii, Trypeta, 59, 92

Ligyra, 25

Lilaea, 20

Limnobia, 10, 11

Limnobiiia, 10, 12

Limnobiorhyuchus, 10, 11

Linmophila, 10, 11

Lipara, 82

Lispe, 36

Lissa, 39

Litorhynchus, 25

Lonchsea, 41

Loncliseidse, 41, 56

Lonchaeina, 41

Lonchoptera, 29

Loiicliopteridse, 29

Lobioptera, 46

Lomatia, 25

longipennis, Trypeta, 59, 65

Lophonotus, 23

Lophoteles, 18

Loxocera, 38

Lucilia, 35

luctifera, Sciomyza, 107

lugens, Scatella, 171

liriodendri, Cecidoinyia, 202

Lyroneurus, 32

maccus, Diplosis, 187
Machserium, 32
Machiinus, 23
Macrocera, 13, 14
Macrochile, 10, 12
Macroneura, 13
Macropeza, 6
macropus, Sepedon, 125
Macrorhyncha, 13
Macrostyla, 7
Mallophora, 23, 24
Mallota, 26
Mantipeza, 31

mantis, Ochthera,

marginepunctata, Trypeta, 59, 60, 97

Masicera, 35

Medeterus, 32

Megapalpus, 25

Megapoda, 2'-!, 24

Megapollion, 23

Megaprosopus, 34

Megarhina, 5

Megliyperus, 30

Megistocera, 10

Megistorhynchus. 22

melanogastra, Trypeta, 90

melliginis, Trypeta, Ortalis, 59

Melithreptus, 26

Melophagus, 48

Melpia, 20

Meracantha, 49

Meroclon, 2H

Meromyza, 46

Merosargus, 17

Mesocera, 21

Mesogramuia, 26

Mesomyia, 20

Mesopbysa, 21

Messala, 14

Metabasis, 18

Metopia, 35

Metoponia, 17, 18

mevarna, Trypeta, 59, 95

mexicana, Trypeta, 59, 96

Michotamia, 23

Microcera, 31

Microcbrysa, 18

Microdon, 26

Micropalpus, 35

Micropeza, 39

Micropezidce, 38

Microphorus, 30

Microphthalma, 34

Microsania, 30

Microstylum, 23, 24

Midas, 22

Midasidse,

Milesia, 26

Milichia, 46

Miltograruma, 35

Mixterayia, 26

Mochlonyx, 5

Mochtherus, 23, 24

Morimna, 22

Mulio, 25

Musca, 35

Muscarise calyptratae, 33

Muscariffi acalyptratte, 33

Muscidse, 35

Mycetobia, 13

Mycetophila, 13, 14

214

INDEX.

Mycetophilidse, 13
Myoleja, 50
Myopa, 27, 28
Myopidse, 27
Myopina, 27
Myopites, 50, 53

Nseeta, 49

nana, Sciomyza, 104
narytia, Trypeta, 59, 95
Nemapalpus, 9
Neniatoproctiis, 32
Neinestrina, 22
Nemestrinidse, 21
Nernocera, 2, 5
Neinopoda, 43
Nemornea, 35
Nemorius, 20
Nemotelus, 18, 19
Nephrotoma, 10, 13
Nerius, 39
Neuria, 25
Nephrocerus, 27
Nerua, 18

nigripalpa, Sciomyza, 104
nigriventris, Trypeta, 59, 98
niveipila, Cecidomyia, 199
Nodutis, 20
Nonacris, 16
Notiphila, 45, 132, 134
Notiphila bella, 135

carinata, 137

scalaris, 134

tmicolor, 137

vittata, 136
Notiphilina, 45, 131
novjeboracensis, Trypeta, 59, 60, 78
Nuceria, 20
Nusa, 23
Nycteribidje, 48
Nygmatodes, 9

obliqua Macq., Trypeta, 59, 97
obliqua Say, Trypeta, GO, 99
Obrapa, 18

obscuripes, Hydrellia, 152
Obsebius, 21
obsoleta, Scatella, 172
obtusa, Sciomyza, 105
ocellaris, Cecidomyia, 199
Ochtkera, 45, 149/159
Ochthera exsculpta, 160

mantis, llJl

rapax, 162

tuberculata, 161
Ocnsea, 21
ocresia, Trypeta, 60
Ocydromia, 30

Ocyptamus, 26

Ocyptera, 35

Ocypterina, 34

Odontomyia, 18, 19

Odontomyiua, 18

Oedalea, 30

Olfersia, 48

Oligodranes, 25

Oligopogon, 23

Ommatius, 24

Oncodes, 21

Oncodina, 21

Oncodocera, 25, 26

Opetia, 28

Oplocketa, 50

Opomyzidse, 43

opposita, Philygria, 156

orbitalis, Discocerina, 147

Orellia, 49, 50

ornata, Cecidomyia, 187

Ornithomyia, 48

Orphnephila, 6

Orplmephila testacea, 6

Ortalidse, 39, 49, 50, 56, 57, 58, 59,
61,82

Ortalina, 40

Ortalis, 40, 93

Ortalis senea, 59

antillarum, Trypeta, 57, 61
arcuata, Trypeta, 57, 60
flexa, Trypeta, 58, 61
fulvifrons, Trypeta, 59, 61
?interrupta, Trypeta, 59, 61
melliginis, Trypeta, 59, 60
quadrifasciata, Trypeta, 60
qnadrivittata, Trypeta, 60, 61
?tabellaria, Trypeta, 60, 61

Orthoneura, 26

Oscinidfe, 46

Osca, 20

Oscinis, 46

Oxycera, 18, 19

Oxyna, 49, 50

Oxyphora, 49

Ozodicera, 10

Pacliycerina, 41
Pachygaster, 18, 19
Pachygastrina, 18
Pacliymeria, 30
Pachyneura, 15
Pachyrhina, 10, 11, 12
Pacbystomus, 15, 16
pallida, Tetanocera, 113
Palloptera, 41
Pallopteridse, 57
Pallopterina, 41
Palpomyia, 6

INDEX.

215

palposa, Trypeta, 60

Parnponerus, 24

Pauacris, 18

Pangonia, 19, 20

Pangonina, 19

Panops, 21

Paragus, 26

Paralimna, 45, 131, 132, 138

Paralimna appendieulata, 138

parallela, Sciornyza, 104

parallela, Trypeta, 51

Paramesia, 31

Parisus, 25

parva, Discocerina, 146

Parydra, 45, 159, 164

Parydra abbreviata, 168

bituberculata, 165

breviceps, 1(J7

paullula, 167

quadrituberculata, 165
paullula, Parydra, 167
Pedicella, 17
Pedicia, 10, 11, 12
Pegesirnallus, 22
Pelecorhynclms, 20
Pelidnoptera, 103
Pelina, 149, 158
pellex, Cecidomyia, 199
Penthetria, 14
Peodes, 32
Pericoma 9

persicoides, Cecidomyia, 193
Petalophora, 49
Petalophora capitata, 41
Plialsenomyia, 9
Phara, 20
Phasia, 35
Phasina, 35
Phellus, 23
Pheneus, 23, 24
Philsematus, 9
Pnilarnmosius, 23
Philodicus, 23, 24
Philoliche, 20
Philopota, 21
Philygria, 45, 149, 155
Philygria debilis. 157

fuscicorms, 155
opposita, 156
Plilebotomina, 9
Phlebotomus, 9
Phoneus, 23
Phora, 4, 47
Phoridfe, 4, 47
Pkoroxypha, 31
Phryssopoda, 35
Phthiria, 25, 26,
Phycodroniidre, 42

Phycus, 16, 24

Phyllis, 21

Pliyllodromia, 31

Phyllophora, 18

Physegaster, 21

Phytomyza, 47

Phytomyzidse, 47

Pialea, 21

picta, Trypeta, Camptonetira, 50, 60,

61

pictipes, Tetanocera, 111
pini Dcg., Diplosis, 197
pini inopis, Cecidomyia, 196
Piophila, 44
Piophilidse, 44
Pipiza, 26
Pipunculidfe, 28
Pipunculus, 27
Pithogaster, 21
Plagiocera, 26
Plagiorieurus, 32
Platycephala, 46
Platyclieirus, 26
Platycnema, 28, 29
Platyna, 18
Platypalpus, 31
Platypeza, 28, 29
Platypezidse, 28
Platypygus, 25
Platyroptilon, 13
Platystoma latipenm's, 59, 78
Platyura, 13, 14
plebeja, Tetanocera, 120
Plecia, 15
Plesiastina, 13, 14
Plesiocera, 25
Plesiornma, 23, 24
Pleurocerina, 27
Plinthina, 20
Ploas, 25

plumosa, Tetanocera, 121
poculum, Cecidomyia, 201
Pogonosoma, 23
polita, Trypeta, 77
Pollenia, 35
Polydonta, 26
Polyrnera, 10, 11
Polyplionius, 23
Pomacera, 22
Porphyrops, 32
Posthon, 9
Prionella, 49
Prionocera, 10
Prionolabis, 11
Prionomyia, 6
Proagonistes, 24
Proboscidea, 4
Prochyliza, 38, 44

216

INDEX.

Proctacanthus, 23, 24

Prolepsis, 23

Promachus, 23, 24

Promeranisa, 38

Pronopes, 20

Prosena, 34

Protophanes, 23

Protoplasa, 10, 11, 12

Psammorycter, 20

Psarus, 27

pseudoacacise, Cecidomyia, 189

Pseudorus, 23

Psila, 38

Psilidse, 38

Psilocephala, 24

Psilodera, 21

Psilopa, 45, 132, 141

Psilopa acicnlata, 142

atra, 143

caeruleiventris, 144

scoriacea, 142

Timbrosa, 143
Psilopus, 32
Psilota, 27
Psorophora, 5
Psychoda, 9
Psychodidffl, 9
Psychodina, 9
Ptecticus, 17
Pterocosmus, 10, 13
Pterodontia. 21
Pteropexus, 21
Pterospilus, 30
Ptilocera, 18
Ptilogyna, 10
Ptiolina, 20
Ptychoptera, 10, 11, 12
Ptychopterina, 12
pubera, Sciorayza, 106
pudibunda, Cecidomyia, 202
punctipennis, Corethra, 5
pusillus, Sepedon, 127
Pycnomalla, 18
Pycnopogon, 23
Pyrellia, 35
Pyrgota, 40

quadrifasciata Walk., Trypeta, Orta-

lis, 60

quadrifasciata Macg., Trypeta, 60, 98
quadrituberculata, Parydra, 165
quadrivittata, Ortalis, 60, 61

racemicola, Cecidorayia, 196
Rachicerina, 16
Rachicerus, 4, 16, 17
Rachiptera, 50
Ragas, 30

rapax, Ochthera, 162

Raphiocera, 17

Raphiorb.yncb.uB, 19

Rhabdogaster, 23

Rhadinus, 23

Rhadiurgus, 24

Rhamphidia, 10, 11, 12

Rhamphomyia, 30

Rhaphium, 32

Rhingia, 26

Rhinomyza, 20

Rhipidia, 10, 11

Rhopalia, 22

Rhopalogaster, 23

Rhyncbocepbalina, 21

Rhynchocephalus, 22

Rhyphidffl, 3, 15

Rbyphus, 15

rigidse, Cecidomyia, 189

Rioxa, 51

Rivellia, 40, 50

robiuise, Diplosis, 189

Rosapha, IS

rotundicornis, Tetanocera, 123

rotundipennis, Trypeta, 79

rufitarsis, Herina, 59, 60

Sabethes, 5

Saccopteryx, 9

Salduba, 17

salicis, Cecidomyia, 189

sanguinolenta, Cecidomyia, 192

Sapromyza, 41

Sapromyzidse, 41, 55, 57

saratogensis, Tetanocera, 119

Sarcopbaga, 35

Sarcophagid.se, 35

Sargiua, 17

Sargus, 18

Saropogon, 22, 23

Saruga, 18

Saucropus, 32

Scseva, 26

scalaris, Notiphila, 134

Scaudon, 23

Scaptia, 20

scapularis, Hydrellia, 153

Scarphia, 20

Scatella, 45, 159, 170

favillacea, 170

lugens, 171

obsoleta, 172
Scatopbaga, 36
Scatopse, 14, 15
Seatopsina, 14
Scellus, 32
ScenopinidjB, 28
Sceuopinus, 27

INDEX.

217

Scepsis, 20
Schoenomyza, 37
Sciara, 14
Sciobia, 13
Scioclromia, 31
Scioinyza, 37, 104

antica, 104

luctifera, 107

nana, 104

nigripalpa, 104

obtusa, 105

parallela, 104

pubera, 106
Sciomyzidse, 37, 103
Scione, 20
Sciophila, 13, 14
scoriacea, Psilopa, 142
scutellaris, Trypeta, 60, 92
scutellata, Campylomyza, 187
scutellata, Trypeta, 60, 92
Scylaticus, 23
Selasoma, 20
Senobasis, 23
Senopterina, 51
Sepedon, 37, 104, 124
Sepedon armipes, 126

fuscipennis, 124
macropus, 125
pusillus, 127
Sepsidse, 43
Sepsis, 43

septenaria, Trypeta, 60
seriata, Trypeta, 84
Sericomyia, 26
Sericosoma, 25

serrulate, Cecidomyia, 189, 198
Silvius, 20

simplex, Discocerina, 147
simplex, Dryomyza, 128
Simulidse, 14
Simulium, 14
Siplionella, 46
Sisyrnodytes, 23
Sitaria, 49
Stniliotus, 32
Solaris, Trypeta, 59, 84
solidaginis, Cecidomyia, 190, 194
solidaginis, Trypeta, 60, 82, 94
Solva, IS
Soinula, 26
Spauia, 20
Spaniocera, 7, 174
Spanurus, 23
Sparnopolius, 25
sparsa, Tetanocera, 117
sparsa, Trypeta, 60, 78
Spathulina, 50
Sphseromyias, 6

Spliserophoria, 26
Sphecomyia, 26
Sphegina, 26
Sphenella, 49
Sphyracepliala, 44
Spodius, 15
Spogostylum, 25
spongivora, Cecidomyia, 187
Spyridopa, 18
Stachyuia, 27, 28
Stegana, 46
Stegana hypoleuca, 46
Stenopogon, 23, 24
Stenoproctus, 30
Stenoprosopis, 23
Stenopteriria, 51
Sternobrithes, 18
Stichopogon, 23, 24
Stilpnogaster, 24
Stomoxys, 35
Strationiyidse, 4, 17
Stratiomys, 18, 19
Strauzia, 49
Strauzia armata, 5^, 65
inermis, 59, 65
Strebla, 48

strobiloides, Cecidomyia, 203
Strurneta, 51
strutbio, Tetanocera, 121
Stylia, 49

suavis, Trypeta, 75
Subula, 15, 16
suspensa, Trypeta, 59, 69
Sybistroma, 32
Sycorax, 9
Symmerus, 13

symmetrica, Cecidomyia, 200
Symmictus, 22
Symplecta, 10, 11
Sympycnus, 32
Synapha, 14
Synarthrus, 32
Syndyas, 30
Syneches, 30
Synolcus, 23
Syntormon, 32
Syrphidze, 26
Syrphus, 26
Syritta, 26
Systenus, 32
Systoochus, 25
Systropus, 25

Tabanidse, 4, 19

Tabanina, 19

Tabauocella, 20

Tabanus, 20

tabellaria, Trypeta, Ortalis, 60, 61

218

INDEX.

Tabuda, 24

Tachina, 35

Tachinidse, 34

Tachinina, 34

Tachydromia, 31

Tachydromidse, 31

Tachytreclms, 32

Tacina, 20

Taeniapterae, 39

Tanypus, 5

Tanyrhina, 8

Tapinocera, 23

Temnocera, 26

Tephritis, 49, 50

Tepliritis flavonotata, 71
trimaculata, 65

Teratopus, 23

Terellia, 49, 50

tergata, Cecidomyia, 187

Terphis, 21

testacea, Orphnephila, 6

Tetanocera, 37, 107, 108

Tetanocera arcuata, 115
Boscii, 108
canadensis, 108
clara, 109
combinata, 116
costalis, 118
flavescens, 113
guttularis, 108
pallida, 113
pictipes, 111
plebeja, 120
plumosa, 121
rotundicornis, 123
saratogensis, 119
sparsa, 117
struthio, 121
triangularis, 122
valida, 110
vicina, 121

Tetanopina, 40

Tetragoneura, 13, 14

Teucholabis, 10, 11

Teuchopliorus, 32

Tlialassomyia, 6

Thaumalea, 6

Thecomyia, 103

Themara, 50

Thereua, 24

Thereutria, 23

Therevidfe, 24

Therioplectes, 20

Thinophilus, 32

Tklipsomyza, 25

tlioracica, Cecidomyia, 187

Thorasena, 18

Tichomyza, 159

Tinda, 18

Tipula, 10, 11

Tipulidaj, 9

Tipulina, 10, 11

Tolinerus, 24

Tomoinyza, 25

Toxocera, 17

Toxomerus, 27

Toxopliora, 25

Toxorhina, 10

Toxura, 49

Tracana, 18

triangularis, Tetanocera, 122

tribulis, Trypeta, 60

Trichocera, 10, 11

Trichodura, 34

Trichornyia, 9

Triclioneura, 11

Trichonotus, 23

Trichopeza, 30

Tricliophthalrna, 22

Tricliopoda, 35

Trichopsidea, 22

Triclis, 23

Tricyphona, 10

trifasciata, Trypeta, 60

triruaculata, Trypeta, 60, 65

Trimerina, 132

Triplasius, 25

Triptotricha, 20

tritici, Cecidomyia, 189

Tritozyga, 177, 178

Tropidia, 26

Trupanea, 49

Trypeta, 41, 57, 62

Trypeta acidusa, 57
aequalis, 86
alba, 100
albidipennis, 100
albiscutellata, 57, 60
antillarum, 57, 61
arcuata, 57, 60
armata, 58, 60, 65
asteris, 58, 99
avala, 58
beauvoisii, 58, 98
bella, 88

caliptera, 58, 60, 78
cinctipes, 58, 60
cingulata, 76
clathrata, 80
comma, 58, 93
cornigera, 58, 60, 65
coruifera, 58, 60, 65
culta, 58, 94
dinia, 58
discolor, 64
electa, 71

INDEX.

219

Trypeta festiva, 86

fimbriata, 58, 60
flavonotata, 58, 60, 71
flexa, 58, 61
fratria, 67
fucata, 58, 95
fulvifrons, 59, 61
hurnilis, 81
inermis, 59, 60, 65
insecta, 58, 72
interrupta, 59, 61
latifrons, 89
latipennis, 59, 60, 78
lichtensteinii, 59, 92
longipennis, 59, 65
marginepunctata, 59, 60, 97
melanogastra, 90
melliginis, 59, 60
mevarua, 59, 95
naexicana, 59, 96
narytia, 59, 95
novseboracensis, 59, 60, 78
nigriventris, 59, 98
obliqua Macq., 59, 97
obliqua Say, 60, 99
ocresia, 60
parallela, 51
palposa, 60, 74
picta, 60, 61
polita, 77

quadrifasciata Walk., 60
quadrifasoiata Macq., 60, 98
quadrivittata, 60, 61
rotundipennis, 79
scutellaris, 60, 92
scutellata, 60, 96
septenaria, 60
seriata, 84
Solaris, 59, 84
solidaginis, 60, 82
sparsa, 60, 78
suavis, 75
suspensa, 59, 69
tabellaria, 60, 61
tribulis, 60
trifasciata, 60
triraaculata, 60, 65

Trypeta unicolor, 59, 60, 70
vernonise, 101
villosa, 60, 99
Trypetidre, 40, 49, 56
Trypetina, 40, 51, 52, 53
Trypoderma, 33.
tuberculata, Ocnthera, 161
tubicola, Cecidoniyia, 192
tulipifene, Cecidomyia, 202

Ula, 10, 11
Ulornyia, 9

umbrosa, Psilopa, 143
unicolor, Notiplnla, 137
unieolor, Trypeta, 59, 60, 70
Urellia, 49
Urophora, 49, 50, 57
Usia, 25

vaccinii, Cecidomyia, 196
valida, Hydrellia, 153
valida, Tetanocera, 110
Vermileo, 20
vernonise, Trypeta, 101
viciiia, Tetanocera, 121
villosa, Trypeta, 60, 99
viticola, Cecidomyia, 202
vitis, Lasioptera, 202
vittata, Notiphila, 136
Volucella, 26

Wiedemannia, 31

Xanthochlorus, 32
Xaruuta, 50
Xenomorplia, 17
Xestomyza, 24
Xipliocerus, 23
Xylophagida?, 3, 4, 15
Xylophagina, 16
Xylophagus, 15, 16
Xylota, 26
Xypliandrium, 32
Xyphosia, 49

Zodion, 27, 28
Zygoueura, 7, 177

220 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

ADDITIONS AND CORPxECTIONS.1

Page 2, line 2 from the bottom, for of the Bibionidae read of some Bibio-
nidae. (LOEW.)

Page 4, lines 2 and 5 from top, for Stratiomydas read Stratiomyidx.
" 5, line 9 from the bottom should read thus : South. Corethra is repre-
sented in N. A. by C. punctipennis Say. (LoEW.)

Page 6, line 6 from top, for Culiocides read Culicoides.
" 12, " 9 from bottom, strike out the first and.
" 16, " 4 from top, for Therevidx read Thereuidze.
" 16, " 15 " for ending read end.

" 18, " IS from bottom, Pachygastrina should be in small capitals.
" 21, " 15 from top, for Exelasis read Exetasis.

" 21, " 9 from bottom, the word varying does not express exactly the
intended meaning, which was that of the German words geschweiff,
geschwungen. (Loew.) I find, in Say's Terminology, this structure ex-
pressed by the words repand, wavy, which means with alternate segments
of circles and intervening angles. — 0. S.

Page 22, line 11 from top ; same remark.
" 24, " 5 " for Philodicus read Pkilonicus.

25, " 11 from bottom, for Usio read Usia.
" 25, " 10 " for Pleas read Ploas.

" 25, " 5 " for Autonia read Antonia.

" 26, " 23 from top, for Drachipalpus read Brachi/palpus.
" 27, " 9 from bottom, for Stratiomydx read Stratioiuyidx.
" 27, " 8 " for Dolichopidx read Doliclwpodidx.

" 27, " 17 " for Stachinia read Stachynia.

" 28, " 11 from top, for Neurophocerus read Nrphrocerus.
" 36, " 9 from bottom, for less read more. (LoEW.)
" 37, " 18 from top, for Schoenomyza read Blepharoptera. (LOEW.)
" 50, lines 16 and 17 from top, for the words and for crowding them read
while the rest remain crowded, etc. (LoEW.)

Page 64, lines 3 and 5 from top, for curvature read concavity.
" 70, Tryp. unicolor ; add Cuba to its habitat. (LoEW.)
" 74, line 7 from top, for Cederli read Cedcrh.
" 78, " 1 " for exceeds read reaches into. (LoEW.)

1 Many of the corrections have been communicated by Mr. Loew, to
whom the signatures were sent ; his name, however, has been mentioned
after those only which are not readily understood, but require an especial
authority. — 0. S.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 221

Page 84, Tryp. Solaris; Wiedemann's and Winthem's collections possess this
species from Brazil. (LoEW.)

Page 94. Note to Tnjp. comma. — One of my specimens from Maryland was
compared by Mr. Loew with Wiedemann's original and found identical.
The latter is a very pale specimen. It seems, therefore, that the elon-
gated hyaline spot at the tip of the sixth longitudinal vein is of normal
occurrence in this species. — 0. S.

Page 115, line 8 from top, iorfemorse read/emora.

" 135, " 6 from bottom, for the words in brackets put of the cinereous
thorax. (Losw.)

Page 140, line 5 from top, for terminal read anlennal. (LoEW.)
" 142, "11 " for steel-colored read steel-blue. (LoEW.)
" 144, " 15 " for knob read knobs.
" 155, " 12 " for Philhygria read Phihjgria.

Pages 174, 175. In figures 1-7, the third longitudinal vein is made too
strong. Its fork especially is very delicate, sometimes hardly visible in
nature, so that the difference between the wings represented on figures
3 and 4 (Colpodia and Epidosis}, the one with, the other without, fork,
is not at all so striking as appears in the wood-cuts. — 0. S.

In the Index, Autonia should be read Antonia, and removed to its proper
place accordingly, and Blepharoptera and Philonicus are to be added ;
and, on page 208, the word destructor (Cecidomyia) should be removed
to the left, so as to be in the same line with the other specific names.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

171

MONOGRAPHS

OF THE

D I P T E R A

OF

NORTH AMERICA.

PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BY

H.' LO E W.

PART II.

EDITED BY

•

K. OSTEN SACKEN,

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

JANUARY, 1SS4.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present publication is the second part of a work on North
American Diptera in process of preparation by Dr. H. Loew, of
Meseritz, Prussia, undertaken at the especial request of the
Smithsonian Institution. The materials have been derived prin-
cipally from the collection of Baron R. Osten Sacken, Consul-
General of Russia in New York, kindly intrusted to the author
for examination.

The work will appear in monographs of genera and families,
sufficient materials being on hand for illustrating particular groups
only, without relation to their systematic sequence.

The Institution is under obligations to Baron Osten Sacken for
superintending the .translation of the work from the German manu-
script, and editing it, as well as for correcting the proof-sheets.

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary S. I.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

WASHINGTON, January, 1864.

PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PKIKTEB.

PREFACE.

IN the present work I have attempted to give a Monograph of
the North American Dolichopodidde. The geographical area em-
braced in it, as well as in my former Monographs on North Ameri-
can Diptera, is the same which has been adopted in Baron Osten-
Sacken's Catalogue, comprising Mexico and Cuba. I readily
acknowledge that by adopting such a wide area for the North
American fauna, we introduce many species which, properly
speaking, belong to a more southern fauna. But I was induced
to adopt this course as much by the circumstance that I possessed
many interesting species from Mexico and Cuba, as by the advan-
tage of conforming to the plan of the Catalogue of Osten-Sacken,
and thus affording a general view of the fauna pf a larger extent
of country. As the order of Diptera is remarkable for the wide
geographical range of the species, and as, for this reason, the
limitation of local faunas is more indefinite here than in most
other orders, the adoption of this somewhat arbitrary limitation
of the North American entomological area cannot present any-
thing objectionable.

For the greatest part of the materials on which my work is
based, I am indebted to the liberal and disinterested assistance of
my esteemed friend Baron Osten-Sacken. Some very interesting
species were communicated to me by Mr. Le Baron, of Illinois.
The greater number of the species from Sitka was collected by
Mr. Sahlberg, and communicated to me for description by Pro-
fessor Maeklin in Helsingfors ; some species of the same region
are in the Museum of Berlin, and were obtained, if I am not
mistaken, also from Mr. Sahlberg. The study of the types of
Wicdemann's Collection, very liberally lent to me for examination

(iii )

IV PREFACE.

by the Directors of the Hofnaturalien Kabinet in Vienna, afforded
me information of the most valuable character.

Although the materials thus put at my disposal can be called
abundant, they did not by far reach the extent which I could
desire for the preparation of such a monograph. I hope, how-
ever, that new supplies will enable me soon to attempt a renewed
and more thorough work on the same subject. I have to thank
most cordially all those who have contributed by their collections
towards the completion of this monograph, and at the same time
I earnestly request all North American collectors who take any
interest in the order of Diptera to favor me by similar communica-
tions. They can reach me either through the medium of the
Smithsonian Institution or through Baron Osten-Sacken.

With regard to the systematic distribution, I have continued to
build upon the foundation first laid by Mr. Haliday in his admira-
ble paper on Dolicliopodidse, contained in Walker's Diptera
Britannica, and later developed by me in the seventh part of my
" Neue Beitraege." To the genera, adopted and defined in those
papers, I have added afterwards the genera Playioneurus and
Lyroneurus, based upon North American species. (Conf. Wien.
"Entorn. Monatsschr. 1857, p. 37.) In the eighth fascicle of my
"Neue Beitraege" which was a prodrome to the present work, I
have further added the genera Pelastoneurus and Diostracus ; the
first embraces some species which formed previously a sharply
limited and well characterized group within the genus Gyninop-
ternus ; the latter was established for a species which, by its
general habitus, reminds equally of Tl-iinoi^hilus and Aiihrosylv*,
but is distinguished from both by the presence of distinct hairs
on the upper side of the first joint of the antennae. In the
present publication I have added the new genus Paracliun,
which combines the neuration of the wings of Pelastoneurut
with some characters of Gymnopternus and at the same time is
too distinct from the species of the latter genus, to remain united
with it.

Thus the number of genera, the usefulaess or necessity of which
I at present recognize, amounts to forty-three. After a general
introduction, I give a table for their determination, and then cha-
racterize them in detail at the proper place. It will hardly be
necessary for me here to attempt to correct the misapprehension

PREFACE. V

that the characters used for the construction of the table are at the
same time the most important generic characters ; far from such
being the case, I have, but only in a few rare instances, tried to
facilitate the discrimination of genera by preferring to use charac-
ters applicable only to North American species (for instance
in the separation of Gymnoplernus from the genera immediately
following it).

The merit of the adopted distribution in genera has been tested
and proved by the circumstance, that all the newly discovered
species very easily found their proper place in it. Of course, all
the genera cannot be considered as equally well established.
Above all others, the distribution of the smaller species, for the
most part neglected by collectors, as well as difficult to examine,
still offers many obscure points. This is especially meant for the
proper separation of the genera Chrysotus and Diaphorus. To
escape the difficulty of defining the proper position of some North
American species, showing the characters of both genera, I have
been obliged to draw the line between the two in a somewhat
different manner. The relation of the genus Hercostomus to
Gymnopternus is likewise not very clear. A continued study ol
the structure of the known species and the discovery of new ones,
will gradually remove this uncertainty and develop the systematic
arrangement, so as to keep pace with such an increase of know-
ledge. I think, however, that I can give in general the positive
assurance, that the location of the species described by me is a
natural and not a forced one ; the only exception is Synarthrus
barbatus, in which the thumb-like projection of the second anten-
nal joint upon the inside of the third is much smaller than in the
other species of this genus. I possess this species only in a single,
not well preserved specimen. As it can hardly be looked for in
any other genus but this, I have deemed it more expedient to
locate it provisionally here, than to found upon it a new, perhaps
not justifiable genus.

I have taken pains to elucidate conscientiously the rather con-
siderable number of species published by former authors. Un-
fortunately, most of these species were described without any
regard to the most essential generic and specific characters, so
that only in a very few cases have I been able to identify them. I
have preferred not 10 use specific names the identification of which

Vi PREFACE.

was not quite certain, as this would only have increased the con-
fusion. If the identity of one or the other of the species published
by me, with a previously described one, should be satisfactorily
proved, I will always be ready to grant to the older name the
priority over mine.

H. LOEW.

MESERITZ, July 1, 1862.

REMARKS.- — I have a few words to add respecting the translation of this
work, which was done under my care. The terminology used has
throughout heen that adopted in the first volume of these "Monographs."
The term antennal bristle alone has been replaced hy the shorter one, arista,
used by English writers. It will perhaps not be amiss also to explain
•the sense of the terms fore and hind and their difference from anterior
and posterior when applied to the feet or parts of the feet.

"By fore feet ("coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi), corresponding to the German
vorderste Beine and the Latin pedes antici, is meant the first pair of feet
(or coxes, etc.).

By anterior feet (corresponding to vorderen Beine, pedes anteriores) , the
two first pairs are to be understood. In this case, however, in order to
avoid all possible misunderstanding, Mr. Loew has almost always used the
expression "the four anterior feet," which was retained in the translation.

The same rule applies to hind (hinterste, postici) as indicating the last
pair, and posterior (hintere, posterior es) meaning the two last pairs.

OSTEN SACKEN.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

VI. ON THE NORTH AMERICAN DOLICHOPODID^E.

PAGE

iii
1

Introduction

Table for the determination

X

11 •

Table for the systematic arrangement of the Genera

14

PAGE

PAGE

Gen. I. HYGROCELEUTHUS .

. 17

24. bifractus Lw. £ . 9

53

1. latipes Lw. £ . 9

. 17

25. vittatus Lw. $ .

55

26. cuprinus Wied. £ . 9 .

55

Gen. II. DOLICHOPUS

. 18

27. lougipennis Lw. $ . 9 .

57

1. gratus Lw. £

. 29

28. hastatus, nov. sp. £ . 9

59

2. laticomis Lw. ^ .

. 29

29. plumipes Scop. $ . 9 .

60

3. setifer Lw. $

. 30

30. fulvipes Lw. £ .

61

4. albiciliatus Lw. 9

. 31

31. sexarticulatus, n. s. £

62

5. xanthocnemus, n. s. £

.9 31

32. ruficornis Lw. £ .

63

6. tetricus, nov. sp. $ .

9 33

33. scapularis Lw. £ . 9

64

7. acuminatus Lw. $ . 9

. 34

34. funditor Lw. £ . 9

66

8. ovatus Lw. £

. 35

35. chrysostomus Lw. £ .

67

9. pachycnemus Lw. £ .

9 35

36. praeustus Lw. $ .

68

10. brevipennis Meig. £ .

9 37

37. comatus Lw. $ . 9

69

11. longimanus Lw. £ . 9

. 38

38. scoparius Lw. £

70

12. brevimanus Lw. £

. 39

39. discifer Stann. £.9

71

13. socius Lw. £

. 40

40. lobatus Lw. £

72

14. mundus, nov. sp. £ .

9 41

41. setosus Lw. £

73

15. subciliatus, nov. sp.

& 42

42. incisuralis Lw. -5.9 .

74

16. splendidus Lw. £

. 44

17. batillifer Lw. $ . 9

. 45

Gen. III. GYMNOPTEKNUS .

75

18. eudactylus Lw. $ . 9

. 46

1. flavus Lw. $ . 9 .

80

19. tonsus Lw. % . 9 •

. 47

2. subulatus Lw. $

80

20. tener Lw. £

. 49

3. scotias Zz«. £ . 9

81

21. variabilis Lw. £ . 9

. 50

4. barbatulus Zw. $ . 9 .

82

22. luteipeunis Lw. £

. 51

5. tristis, nov. sp. $ . 9 .

83

23. ramifer Lw. £ . 9

. 52

6. exilis Lw. $ .

84

•

(Yii)

Till

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

7. spectabilis Lw. 9

8. albiceps Lw. 9 .

9. subdilatatus Lw. $

10. laevigatus Lw. £

11. frequens Lw. $ . 9

12. lunifer Lw. $

13. fimbriatus Lw. £

14. despicatus Lw. £

15. difficilis Lw. £ .

16. nigribarbus Lw. 9

17. parvicornis Lw. £

18. opacus Lw. £

19. politus Lw. 9

20. debilis Lw. $ . 9

21. crassicauda Lw. £ .
« %

22. minutus Lw. £ .

23. ventralis Lw. £ .

Gen. IV. PARACLins

1. arcuatus Lw. 9 •

2. albonotatus, n. s.

Gen. V. PELASTONEURUS .

1. longicauda Lw. £

2. lugubris Lw. 9 •

3. Isetus Lw. $

4. vagans iw. $ . 9

5. cognatus Lw. 9 •

Gen. VI. TACHYTRECHUS .

1. inoechus Lw. £ . 9

2. vorax Lw. $ . 9 •

3. angustipennis Lw.

Gen. VII. OETHOCHILE .

Gen. VIII. SYBISTROMA .

Gen. IX. HERCOSTOMUS .
1. unicolor, nov. sp.

Gen. X. HYPOPHYLLUS

PAGE

PAGE

85

Gen. XII. DIOSTRACITS

. 120

. 85

1. prasinus Lw. "J, . 9

. 121

. 86

. 87

Gen. XIII. ANEPSIUS

. 123

. 88

. 89

Gen. XIV. AKGYRA

. 123

. 89

1. albicans Lw. £ . 9

. 125

. 90

2. nigripes, nov. sp. £

. 127

. 91

3. albiventris, nov. sp.

1 128

. 91

4. minuta Lw. £

. 129

. 92

5. calcitrans Lw. £

. 130

. 93

6. calceata Lw. 9 •

. 131

. 94

7. cylindrica, nov. sp. £

. 132

. 95

. 95

Gen. XV. SYNTORMON

. 133

. 96

. 97

Gen. XVI. SYNARTHRUS .

. 134

1. palmaris, nov. sp. •£ .

9 135

. 97

2. cinereiventris Lw. 9

. 137

. 101

3. barbatus Lw. £ .

. 138

9 102

Gen. XVII. SYSTENUS

. 139

. 103

. 104

Gen. XVIII. RHAPHIUM .

. 140

. 105

1 A/»

1. lugubre Lw. 9 •

. 141

. 106

. 107

. 109

Gen. XIX. XIPHANDRIUM

. 141

. 109

Gen. XX. PORPHYROPS .

. 143

. 110

1. melampus Lw. £ . 9

. 144

. 112

2. nigricoxa Lw. 9

. 145

. 113

3. fumipennis Lw. 9

. 146

4. rotundiceps Lw. £

. 146

. 114

Gen. XXI. SMILIOTUS

. 147

. 115

Gen. XXII. APHROSYLUS .

. 148

. 116

. 117

Gen. XXIII. THINOPHILUS

. 148

. 118

Gen. XXIV. PEODES

. 149

119

Gen. XXV. NEMATOPROCTPS

150

TABLE OP CONTENTS.

IX

Gen. XXVI. LEUCOSTOLA
1. cingulata Lw. £

Gen. XXVII. EUTARSUS .
1. eques, nov. sp. £

Gen. XXVIII. DIAPHORUS

1. opacns Lw. £

2. mundus Lw. £ . 9

3. spectabilis Lw. £

4. sodalis Lw. £ . 9

5. lamellatus, nov. sp. £

6. leucostomus Lw. £ . 9

7. interruptus Zw. £

Gen. XXIX. LYRONEURUS
1. cserulescens Lw. £

Gen. XXX. CHRYSOTUS .

1. cornutus, nov. sp. £ .

2. longimanus Lw. £

3. validus Zw. 9

4. obliquus Zw. £ . 9

5. affinis Zw. £ . 9 .

6. vividus, nov. sp. £ .

7. costalis Zu;. £.9

8. subcostatus, nov. sp. £

9. discolor Lw. £ . 9

10. auratus Zw. 9

11. pallipes Lw. £ . 9

12. picticornis, nov. sp. £

Gen. XXXI. TEPCHOPHORUS

Gen. XXXII. SYMPYCNUS

1. tertianus, nov. sp. £ . 9

2. frontalis Lw. £ . 9

3. lineatus Lw. £ . 9

4. nodatus Zw. -J, . 9

Gen. XXXIII. CAMPSICNEMPS .

1. hirtipes Lw. ^ . 9

2. claudicans, n. s. £ . 9

Gen. XXXIV. PLAGIONEURUS .
1. univittatus Lw. 9

PAGE

PAGE

151

Gen. XXXV. LIANCALUS .

198

152

1. genualis Lw. £ . 9

199

153

Gen. XXXVI. SCELLUS .

200

154

1. exustus Walk. £ . 9 -

202

156

2. spinimauus Zett. £ . 9

204

160

3. avidus, nov. sp. $

207

161

4. filiferus, nov. sp. £

209

162

163

Gen. XXXVII. HYDROPHORDS .

211

165

1. irinotatus, nov. sp. £ . 9

212

166

2. pirata Lw. 9

214

168

3. parvus Lw. £

216

1 WA

Gen. XXXVIIL. ACHALCDS

217

170

171

Gen. XXXIX. MEDETERUS

218

174

1. nigripes Lw. 9 •

218

175

2. veles Lw. £>

219

175

176

Gen. XL. CHRYSOTIMUS .

220

178

1. pusio Lw. 9

221

178

2. delicatus Lw. 9 •

222

179

181

Gen. XLI. XANTHOCHLORDS

223

182

1. helvinus Lw. 9 •

224

183

183

Gen. XLII. SAUCROPUS .

224

184

1. dimidiatus Lw. £

225

2. rubellus Lw. 9 .

226

185

3. superbiens Lw. £ . 9 »

227

4. tenuis, nov. sp. 9

228

185

187

Gen. XLIII. PSILOPUS

229

188

diffusus Wied. £ . 9 .

235

189

guttula Wied. $ . 9

237

191

1. dimidiatus Lw. £

246

193

2. sipho Say, $ . 9

247

3. scaber Lw. £

250

194

4. patibulatus Say, £ . 9 .

251

5. melampus Lw. $ . 9 .

253

196

6. pilosus Lw. $

256

196

7. jucundus Zw. $ . 9

258

TABLE OP CONTENTS.

PAGE

8. ciliatus Lw. £ . . 260

9. comatus Lw. £ . 9 • 262

10. chrysoprasius Wk. £ . 9 265

11. scobinator Lw. £ . 9 • 268

12. caudatulus Lw. £ .. 271

13. calcaratus Lw. £, . 272

14. inermis Lw. £ . . 272

PAGE

15. scintillans Lw. $ . 9 . 273

16. pallens Wied. $ . S? • 275

17. variegatus Zw. 9 . 278

18. tricolor Zw. 9 . . 280

19. psittacinus Lw. £ . 9 • 281

20. tener Lw. $ . 9 . .284

21. filipes Lw. 1 . .286

APPENDIX.

Species described by previous authors, and not contained in this

Monograph .......... 289

Fabricius, Systema Entomologies

Musca longicornis .

«

Fabricius, Entomologia systema-
tica ....
Musca longicornis .

Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil.
Dolichopus unifasciatus .
obscurus
femoratus
Chrysotus nubilus .

concinnarius .
abdominalis
Medeterus lateralis .

punctipennis .
Dolichopus abdominalis .

Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zwei-

fliigel. Insecten .
Psilopus macula

Sayi .

longicornis

caudatus .

virgo

femoratus .

mundus
Dolichopus obscurus Say .

Macquart, Suites & Buffon, Dip-
teres ....
Psilopus radians

289

Macquart, DiptSres Exotiques .

297

289

Psilopus sipho

297

radians

298

Chrysotus viridifemora

298

289

Dolichopus heteroneurus .

299

289

Walker, Insecta Saundersiana .

300

289

Psilopus lepidus £ .

300

289

Medeterus exustus 9

300

290

viridiflos 9

301

290

Dolichopus bifrons 9

301

291

censors 9

302

291

contingens 9 •

302

291

hebes 9

302

291

ineptus 9

303

292

maculipes 9 •

303

292

pulcher £ . 9 •

304

varius 9

304

Walker, List of Dipt. Brit. Mus.

304

292

Psilopus delicatus 9

304

292

gemmifer £

305

293

chrysoprasi

305

294

suavium

306

294

amatus £ . 9

306

295

inficitus

307

295

nigrofemoratus .

307

296

albicoxa £ . 9

307

296

Chrysotus incertus

308

Porphyrops pilosicornis .

308

Medeterus glaber .

309

297

chrysologus 9

309

297

alboflorens 9

310

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Dolichopus affinis £ . 9 •

. 310

Dolic

cupriuus Wiecl.

. 311

lamellipes $ . 9

. 311

ciliatus £ . 9

. 312

'

adjacens 9 •

. 312

coercens 'J, .

. 312

Orthc

finitus £

. 313

distractus

. 313

Wall

discesus 9 •

. 314

I

contiguus £

. 314

exclusus 9 •

. 31-t

confiuis 9

. 315

conterminus £

. 315

separatus 9

. 316

PAGE

Dolichopus terminatus 9 • 31 1!

seqiiax . , . 317

soccatus . . :!17

rernotus . . 317

irrasus . . . 31S

Orthochile derempta . . 318

Walker, Trans. Entorn. Soc. . 319

Psilopus ungulivena . 319

solidus . . 319

peractus . .319

haeretictis . . 320

peruiodicus . 320

SUPPLEMENT.

I. General remarks on the Dolichopodidse of North America .
II. Description of some Species communicated after the volume had
gone through the press ........

Gen. II. DOLICHOPUS . . 323

43. dorycerus Lw. £ . 326

44. spleiididulus Lw. £ . 327

45. paljestricus Lw. £ . 9 . 328

. 9 .

46. melanocerus Lw. •£, . 9

47. quadrilamellatus Lw.

Gen. III. GYMNOPTERNPS
19. politus Lw. £ . 9
24. pusillus Lw. 9 .
27. chalcochrus Lw.

330
331

332
334
334
335

26. coxalis Lw. $

27. meniscus Lw. £ .

28. humilis Lw. £ . 9

29. exiguus Lw. 9

Gen. V. PELASTONEURUS .

6. lamellatus Lw. 9

7. abbreviates Lw.

8. alternans Lw. 9 •

Gen. VI. PORPHYEOPS

5. longipes Lw. $ .

321

323

335
336
336

337

337
338

33S
339

340
340

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES . ...... 341

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS EXPLANATORY TO THE PLATES . 345
INDEX ............ 357

DIPTERA

OP

NORTH AMERICA.

PART II.

VI.

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN DOLICHOPODIDAE.

INTRODUCTION.

THE Dolichopodidas are among those families of diptera which
show but so few points of relationship to others that it is impos-
sible to name any family of a particular affinity to them. A
superficial glance, it is true, seems to point out the EpTiydrinidse
and the genera of the Tachydromidse in the vicinity of Clinocera
as the nearest to the Dolicliopodidse ; but a closer examination
will show that, instead of a true relationship, there are merely
some points of external analogy between them, points common
to most insects (and not only diptera) preferring to live in the
vicinity of water. The want of a true relationship becomes
immediately apparent when any portion of their inner or outer
organization is submitted to a comparative scrutiny. The neura-
tion of the wings of the Dolichopodidse alone is so peculiar that
it is sufficient in itself to distinguish this family not only from
the Epliydrinidae and the above-mentioned group of Tachydro-
midse, but also from all other families of the order. This neura-
tion, together with the brilliant-green color of the greater part
of the species, renders the Dolichopodidse, one of the most easily
recognisable families of diptera.

The peculiarities of the neuration, which is shaped in general
1

2 DIPTEEA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

according .to the type of the Diptera acalyptera (compare Mono-
graphs, etc., I, page xxiv, fig. 1), are the following in this family :
The costal vein extends as far as the tip of the fourth longitudinal
vein ; the auxiliary vein does not run towards the costa, but to-
wards the first longitudinal vein, stopping quite far from its tip,
and either coalescing entirely with it or disappearing without
having joined it. The third longitudinal vein emerges from the •
second not far from its root, and both veins form at this place a
more or less knot-shaped swelling; the small cross-vein (often
quite obsolete) is at, or close by, this swelling, so that the first
basal cell is unusually short ; the discoidal cell, much narrowed
towards its base, is coalescent with the anterior of the two small
basal cells in consequence of the absence of the vein separating
them. The posterior small basal cell (the so-called anal cell) is
small and rounded at the end. The sixth longitudinal vein does
not generally reach the border of the wing ; sometimes it is en-
tirely wanting, and in this case the anal cell becomes indistinct.
The alar appendage (alula) is so narrow that it may be considered
as wanting.

Although all Dolichopodidse agree in the above-described pe-
culiarities of neuration, still -this same neuration affords very good
and abundant characters for the distinction of the genera and the
species ; the- length and direction of the first longitudinal vein
vary considerably, the position of the posterior transverse vein
also ; the most striking characters, however, are taken from the
structure of the last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein, which
is subject to considerable variation, being sometimes parallel to
the third longitudinal vein, sometimes more or less convergent
with it, sometimes straight, often curved or bent abruptly in the
middle, or even broken. In the latter case, the angle formed by
the strong flexure or fracture sometimes bears a rudiment of a
branch-vein, which in some cases (as in most Psilopus) is large
enough to make the vein appear forked.

For the purpose of distinguishing the Dolichopodidse from the
other families of diptera the characters taken from the neuration
are sufficient, and it is superfluous to have recourse to others
taken from the rest of the body. It is different, however, if we
intend to establish the natural character of this family. I will
confine myself here to characters taken from the external organi-
zation, and as to the internal one, I will merely notice in passing

INTRODUCTION. 3

that, in accordance with the external structure, it forms a striking
contrast with the organization of all the other dipterous families.

The head of the Dolichopodidse in general is more or less he-
mispherical. Its sides are occupied by the large, ovate, hairy
eyes (naked only in Medeterus), which usually reach so far down
that in most genera there are no cheeks (genee) at all, and that
on the under side of the head, between the eyes, there is just space
enough for the large opening of the mouth, which, in some spe-
cies, even encroaches upon a considerable portion of the occipital
side of the head. The usually rather broad front bears three
ocelli, protected by strong bristles, and several bristles in both
corners of the vertex ; the remainder of its surface has no bristles.
The frontal fissure and lunule* are indistinct. The antennae are
three-jointed, of very different structure in different genera, nay
even often in the sexes of the same species ; the second joint is
sometimes rudimentary. The arista is two-jointed, seldom alto-
gether bare, generally with a very short pubescence, more seldom
fringed with longer hairs or even plumose ; its dorsal or apical
position affords very constant distinctions between different gene-
ra ; its length and the other characters belonging to it differ
sometimes even in the two sexes of the same species. The face
is usually vertical and smooth ; it has often on its inferior third
an elevated transverse swelling, or at least, on each side, near the
orbit of the eye, a nodnle-like elevation ; seldom does the face
reach down to the inferior angle of the eye ; it is always without
any bristles, although sometimes it is hairy ; its lower edge is
rather sharp, and does not coalesce with the border of the mouth ;
from under this edge project the single-jointed palpi, incumbent
upon the proboscis (except in Aphrosylus, where they hang down
on its sides) ; they are usually scale-shaped, more seldom lancet-
shaped (for instance, in Orthochile) or round, pallet-shaped (in
Diostracus) ; in the females they are usually considerably larger
than in the males ; sometimes however (in Diostracus), the oppo-
site is to be found.

The proboscis is generally short and (with the exception of
Aphrosylus and Orthochile) stout ; its opening is wide, more or
less surrounded by the protuberant suctorial flaps, which, by clap-

* For the explanation of these terms, compare Monographs, Vol. I, p. xii.
—0. S.

4 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

ping together, shut the opening ; the species of the genera with
a large proboscis, especially their females, can altogether engulf
small insects within their proboscis, as if they swallowed them,
whereas they only suck them out and throw the remainder away.
The horny parts of the mouth are short. The stout labrum has
on its lateral edge, which is bent downwards, several deep incisions,
thus forming strong teeth. The tongue is longer than the labrum,
and lies under it without being encased in it.

The upper side of the thorax is convex, with bristles inserted in
rows, between which there are more or less numerous short hairs ;
in some genera there is a flat, somewhat concave declivity before
the scutellum. Prothorax and mesothorax are very coalescent ;
no distinct collare is perceptible, and the humeral callosities are not
sharply limited ; of the ordinary transverse suture only the begin-
ning is indicated on both sides by a large, more or less triangular
impression. Scutellum with two, four, or six strong bristles ; more-
over, its surface is sometimes hairy. The elongated prothoracic
stigma is closed. Immediately above the basis of 'the fore coxae
there is a strong bristle, seldom several. The metathoracic stigma
is unusually small. The epirnera of the metathorax have a very
large development ; they embrace often the basis of the abdomen
from the side to a considerable breadth, and extend as a narrow
stripe along the basis of its upper side.

The abdomen of the female has seven segments, the last two of
which are generally very narrow and contracted under the pre-
ceding ones, so that only five segments appear on the outside ; the
seventh segment, in the female, bears on its end two small lamellae
connected with it by an articulation and fringed with hairs ; above
them there is, in many species, a fan-shaped row of short, stiff,
thorn-like bristles ; in other species the number of these thorns is
reduced to four or two ; sometimes they are altogether wanting ;
the latter is especially the case with those species which prefer dry
localities, or also those, the hind part of the thorax of which has
a flat usually concave declivity ; this difference in the structure
of the ovipositor has certainly some relation to the difference of
the locality where the eggs are deposited ; it is possible that a
complete fan of thorn-like bristles constitutes a peculiarity of the
species the larva? of which live under ground, whereas it is wanting
when the eggs are laid in decayed wood.

The abdomen of the male can also be considered as consisting

INTRODUCTION. 5

of seven segments, if the hypopygiurn be considered as a single
segment ; of the sixth segment only the upper half is distinctly
developed, but it is much narrower and shorter than the surface
of the immediately preceding segments. When this sixth segment
is concealed under the upper half of the fifth, or when it is strik-
ingly different by its coloring from the preceding segments and
resembles in this respect the seventh, then the male abdomen
appears only five-jointed. The seventh segment consists of the
proportionally large hypopygium, the structure of which, near its
basis, is not quite symmetrical. It consists of a rather stalk-like
basal part and of a club-shaped posterior part ; the stalk-like, part
is often very much abbreviated, and then not easily perceptible ;
the club-shaped part is movable towards it ; the junction of both
parts lies always above, on the left hand side of the club-shaped
portion.

The hypopygium is more or less inflected under the abdomen,
sometimes imbedded in an excavation of the venter proportionate
to its size. At the tip of the inflected hypopygium, below, are
inserted, by means of articulations, three pairs of appendages of
manifold structure. The outer pair of these appendages is gene-
rally larger than the two others, and must be considered as organs
of a great irritability, as the roots of the hairs on their inside are
connected with nerves. The basis of this pair is linked to the
hypopygium by a free articulation. The two. other pairs, attached
by a less free articulation, can be considered as organs for the
purpose of seizing, clutching ; they lie within the former pair and
are not seldom of a very complicated structure,. Sometimes one
or the other of these pairs exceeds in length the outer pair. In-
nermost between them, coinciding with the middle line of the
clutching apparatus, a single appendage is inserted, which also
appears to be linked at its basis. On the upper side of the hypo-
pygium, which is the side turned towards the abdomen, there are
two more appendages, usually in the shape of a gutter ; they have
no link at their insertion. Above this gutter, or, more seldom,
within it, is another appendage, in the shape of a spike, which in
some cases is somewhat button-shaped at the tip ; it is pierced
lengthwise by a channel, and incloses more or less completely the
penis, which protrudes considerably during the act of copulation.
This organization is most distinctly developed in the genus Doli-
chopus, whereas it is more difficult to observe in the genera with

6 • DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

a small and imbedded hypopygium. In some genera the one 01
the other of the paired organs are so small as to escape notice. A
further and more thorough investigation has as yet to show whe-
ther in some genera, and this seems, for instance, to be the case
with Nypophyllus, a still larger number of appendages does not
occur, and whether in general the organization of all the genera
can be reduced to the common type, described above.

Of the first abdominal segment often only the upper half is
perceptible in the male and the female ; this is especially the case
in those genera in which the metathoracic epimera cover a con-
siderable breadth of the basis of the abdomen-; in other genera
the inferior half of the segment is much shortened, and in a few
cases only equal in length to the upper half. In several genera
the lateral margin of the second and of the following segments
shows deep punctures, arranged in a longitudinal row.

The fore coxae, which are somewhat distant from the middle
ones and placed much higher than those, are also longer, and reach
as far as about the middle of the latter. The feet are in genera^
slender, the hind pair generally longer and stouter than the others ;
the femora are often rather strong. Besides short hairs, the feet
bear usually a number of stiff bristles, especially the tibiae. The
pulvilli are only of moderate size ; the empodium is linear and
always distinct; the claws (ungues) are plain and small.

We have already explained above what is necessary for the
understanding of the very characteristic neuration of the wings.
The surface of the latter is microscopically hairy upon its whole
extent. The tegujse are ciliated with bristle-like hairs, and some
smaller ones besides ; they are simple, as the ^nferior duplication
is wanting or only apparent as a narrow membranous stripe ex-
tending towards the corner of the scutellum.

The sexes of the same species show, besides the difference in
structure of the genital organs, other important differences in their
organization ; the coloring of the same parts of the body is often
different. Here, as in many other families, it is in the male sex
that these peculiarities assume the character of variously modified
ornaments, and it seems impossible to trace any relation between
them and the sexual functions or the sustenance of the male. The
only exception in this respect is afforded by the considerable dif-
ference in the structure of the parts of the mouth, which is much
more developed in the females, in accordance with their greater

INTRODUCTION. 7

need of food, and consequently their more predaceous habits. The
plastic differences distinguishing the male sex from the other may
be defined as follows : The eyes of the male are generally some-
what larger, the face and sometimes also the front narrower ; the
contiguity of the eyes in the male is not frequent ; still it takes
place in some Diaphorus above the antenna?, and in some Chry-
sotus below them. The third joint of the antenna? of the male is
usually somewhat longer, sometimes much longer than in the
female; likewise the antennal arista of the male is. often much
prolonged, sometimes extended into a club or button at the tip or
enlarged in the shape of a laniel, whereas in the female the arista
is much shorter and quite plain. The feet of the females are, almost
without exception, plain ; those of the male often differ consider-
ably from them, and have various handsome ornaments, principally
on the fore and middle tibia?, and the fore and middle tarsi ; the
femora as well as the hind tibia? and tarsi very seldom show any-
thing but a plain structure. To these differences in the structure
qf the feet must be added those derived from the hairs and bristles
which they bear; in the female these are usually more sparse,
shorter, and coarser ; in the male, closer, more delicate, and longer ;
sometimes also they assume in this sex some peculiar modified
structure. Even the ungues of the male are sometimes of a pecu-
liar irregular shape ; the pulvilli are in some cases (as in Diapho-
rus) larger in the male than in the female. The wings of the male
often differ from those of the female in the outline and the neura-
tion, those of the latter being in general more plain, and repro-
ducing in their neuration the characters common to the genus ;
whereas the wings of the male show in both respects more specific
peculiarities. These consist usually in characteristic sinuses of
the posterior margin and in a stronger sweep of flexure of the
longitudinal veins ; sometimes the anterior margin also shows a
peculiar curve in its outline, or a local thickening, or an elegant
fringe of hairs, all of which do not exist in the female.

The hairiness of the eyes, as well as the hairs and bristles on
the other parts of the body, is frequently more dense, often con-
siderably longer in the male than in the female. The very minute
and dense tomentum with a silvery reflection, which adorns the
abdomen and the thorax in most species of Argyra, also forms
spots on the thorax of some other genera (as Pelastoneurus) and,
in the species of most genera, is perceptible at least on the lateral

8 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

margins of the abdomen, is likewise generally more extended and
much denser in the males than in the females.

The sexual differences in the coloring may be described as fol-
lows : The eyes of the male are frequently of a different color than
those of the female, particularly so, for instance, in the genus
Diaphorus. The enlargement of the antennal arista in the male
often has a different coloring, usually white. The color of the face
in the male is generally of a purer, often a brighter shade. In
many species, the halteres of both sexes are colored differently —
for instance, in an entire group of species of Psilopus, they are
black in the male and yellow in the female. Even the cilia of the
tegulas have in a few instances (as in some species of Dolichopus)
a different coloring in the two sexes. Differences in the coloring
of the feet are not rare ; they are especially striking in the genus
Psilopus, some species of which have altogether yellow feet in the
female, and black femora in the male ; in others, the pale coloring
of the feet is more extended in the female than in the male. The
ornaments of the feet, peculiar to the males, also differ in their
coloring from the corresponding parts of the feet of the other sex,
being usually black, sometimes whitish, or with a handsome silvery
reflection. Even without displaying any peculiarity of structure,
the feet of the male have sometimes white or silvery spots, which
are wanting in the female. The wings are in some cases pictured
in the male and not in the female. Such are some species of
Dolichopus, Tachytrechus and Systenus, the males of which have
a black or white spot at the tip of the wing or in its proximity,
whereas the female does not show any trace of such a spot. The
same peculiarity occurs also in some other genera.

These, often so conspicuous differences between the sexes of the
same species, sometimes render the recognition of their specific
identity somewhat difficult. In order to proceed in such cases
with some degree of certainty, it is necessary to pay a particular
attention to those characters which are usually common to both
sexes. The most reliable characters of this kind are : the hairs
on the antennae, especially on the first joint ; the shape of the
second antennal joint ; the position of the arista ; the color of the
cilia on the inferior orbit ; that of the cilia of the tegula?, notwith-
standing some exceptional cases of its diversity in the two sexes.
In most genera, to these characters may be added the coloring of
the feet and of the halteres as well as the neuration of the wings.

INTRODUCTION. 9

The first two of these characters will hardly ever mislead, if it is
borne in mind that they have no value in the genus Psilopus,
especially in the subdivision with black cilia on the tegulge. As
to the latter character (neuration) it should be remembered that
the peculiarities strikingly developed in the males as specific marks
are but slightly indicated in the female, and can be perceived only
by a very close observation.

The habits of the Dolichopodidse are, as far as known, generally
predaceous. Most of them hunt for smaller diptera or other insects
with soft bodies and suck them out. They are usually found in
damp places, covered with a rich vegetation ; many are principally
found on the leaves of aquatic plants, on stones, partly overflown
with water, on darns and near waterfalls ; some of them are able
to run rapidly over the water even when it is rippled by wind
(Hydropho'rus) ; others are fond of salt or brackish waters
(Aphrosylus, Thinophilus and some Hydrophorus) ; the species
of Hedeterus prefer dry situations and are found on stumps of
trees, fences, etc., even in very dry and hot weather.

Little is as yet known about their mode of transformation.
Most species live as larva? under the ground ; some are found in
the earth collected in hollow, rotten stumps ; others (as Systenus)
in wood undergoing a process of dry decaying.

After all that has been said above, the natural characters of the
Dolichopodidse may be put down as follows : Generally metallic
green, brisk and restless diptera of small or medium size, preda-
tory on other insects and living principally in damp situations ;
the male sex .are principally distinguished from the females by
differences in the structure of the feet; the larva? living under
ground or -in decaying wood. Head hemispherical, eyes large,
usually not contiguous in both sexes, hairy, fenced in-, along the
hind border with a row of bristles or hairs. Front, with bristles on
the vertex only, and with three ocelli. Antenna? stretched out
straight, with a two-jointed arista. Face, without mystacine
bristles ; its inferior border not merging into the lateral border of
the mouth. Oral opening occupying the whole underside of the
head, and often also a considerable portion of its hind plane.
Proboscis short and stout, concealed above by the single-jointed,
usually scale-shaped palpi, with a wide opening which can be shut
by the protruding suctorial flaps. Labrum short and stout, with
coarse tooth-like excisions on the sides ; lingua much more slender

10 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

and somewhat longer. Prothorax and metathorax very coalescent,
with rows of bristles ; the usual transverse suture indicated only
on the sides. Abdomen with seven segments, only five of which
are visible on the outside in the female, whereas in the male the
sixth segment is generally perceptible, and the seventh consists of
the hypopygium, usually inflected under the abdomen and com-
posed of two consecutive parts, bearing at the end eight paired
and two single appendages. Wings microscopically hairy on their
whole surface ; auxiliary vein not running towards the anterior
margin ; anterior basal cell very short ; discoidal cell coalescent
with the second basal cell ; posterior basal cell very small ; alula
rudimentary ; egutlas distinct, simple, ciliated with long hairs.

TABLE FOE THE DETERMINATION OP THE GENERA. 11

TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OP THE GENERA.

1 ( First antennal joint hairy above. 2

( First antennal joint glabrous above. 16

2 f Hypopygium disengaged. 3

I Hypopygium more or less imbedded. 14

o ( First joint of the hind tarsi bristly. 4

I First joint of the hind tarsi not bristly. 5
Face descending as far as the inferior angle of the eye.

Gen. I. HYGROCELEUTH0S.

Face not descending as far as the inferior angle of the eye.

Gen. II. DOLICHOPUS.
, ( Palpi of the male unusually large. Gen. XII. DIOSTRACUS.

I Palpi of the male small 6

(The last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel, or almost
so, to the third longitudinal vein. Gen. III. GYMNOPTERNUS.

I The last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein is distinctly convergent
(_ towards the third longitudinal vein. 7

f The end of the fourth longitudinal vein is abruptly, or at least steeply
deflected anteriorly. 8

8

The end of the fourth longitudinal vein is only gradually deflected
I. anteriorly. 9

Arista with the usual pubescence ; the end of the fourth longitudinal
vein, beyond the angular flexure, runs in a curve.

Gen. IV. PARACLIUS.

Arista short-plumose ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein, beyond
the rounded flexure, runs in a straight line.

Gen. V. PELASTONEURUS.
/ The face reaches down to the inferior corner of the eye.
9 < Gen. VI. TACHTTRECHUS.

' The face does not reach down to the inferior corner of the eye. 10
-.^ ( Proboscis and palpi very much prolonged. Gen. VII. ORTHOCHILE.
1 Proboscis and palpi not prolonged. 11

n ( Scutellum hairy. Gen. VIII. STBISTROMA.

I Scutellum not hairy 12

, 2 ( Hypopygium sessile. Gen. IX. HERCOSTOMDS.

I Hypopygium pedunculated. 13

, o ( Second antennal joint of usual shape. Gen. X. HYPOPHYLLUS.

\ Second antennal joint rudimentary. Gen. XI. HALTERICERUS.

12 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

,4 ( Abdomen of male laterally compressed. Gen. XIII. ANEPSIUS.

I Abdomen of the male not compressed. 15

( Second antennal joint of the usual transverse shape.
,, J Gen. XIV. AEGYEA.

j Second antennal joint with a thumb-like projection over the inside of
L the third. Gen. XV. SYNTOEMON.

Third autennal joint in both sexes, or at least in the male, prolonged,
pointed, and with an apical arista. 17

16 -{ Third antennal joint short even in the male, and if it should be

somewhat prolonged, then neither pointed nor with an apical, but
at the utmost with a subapical arista. 23

/•Second antennal joint with a thumb-like projection over the inner

17 < side of the third. Gen. XVI. SYNAETHBUS.
v Second antennal joint without a thumb-like projection, transverse. 18

Posterior transverse vein distant from the margin of the wing ; palpi

-, n incumbent. 19

Posterior transverse vein approximated to the margin of the wing ;

palpi hanging down. Gen. XXII. APHEOSYLUS.

19 $ Hypopygium pedunculated, free. Gen. XVII. SYSTENUS.

I Hypopygium sessile, more or less imbedded. 20

2Q ( The male abdomen has five segments. Gen. XXI. SMILIOTUS.

( The male abdomen has six segments. 21

f Third antenual joint prolonged also in the female.
21 j Gen. XVIII. RHAPHIUM.

v Third antennal joint of the female not prolonged. 22

f Third antennal joint of the male very much prolonged (small, less
09 J hairy species). Gen. XIX. XIPHANDEIUM.

i Third antennal joint of the male moderately prolonged (larger, more

t hairy species). Gen. XX. POEPHYEOPS.

oo f Fourth longitudinal vein forked. Gen. XLIII. PSILOPUS.

' Fourth longitudinal vein simple. 24

{Upper side of the thorax convex behind. 25

Upper side of the thorax behind with a somewhat concave depres-
sion. 40
or ( Fifth longitudinal vein altogether wanting. Gen. XXXVIII. ACHALCUS.
v. Fifth longitudinal vein distinct. 26

f Distance of the posterior transverse vein from the margin of the wing
equal to its own length or longer. 27

j Distance of the posterior transverse vein to the margin of the wing
shorter than its own length. . 38

f Posterior transverse vein unusually oblique.

27 \ Gen. XXXIV. PLAGIONEUBUS.
I Posterior transverse vein but little oblique. 28
r Hypopygium distinctly bent under the venter. 29

28 -I Hypopygium not distinctly bent under the venter or entirely imbed-
1 ded. 30

TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OP THE GENERA. 13

f The face of both sexes very broad, not narrowed superiorly.

Gen. XXIII. THINOPHIUTS.

29 j The face of both sexes rather narrow, somewhat narrowed superiorly.

Gen. XXIV. PEODES.

! Outer appendages of the hypopygium long, filiform.
Gen. XXV. NEMATOPROCTUS.
Outer appendages of the hypopygium not long, nor filiform. 31

(Third joint of the male antennae conspicuously large.
Gen. XXVI. LEUCOSTOLA.
Third joint of the male antennae small. 32

oo ( Pulvilli of the male fore tarsi conspicuously enlarged. 33

I Pulvilli of the male fore tarsi not, or very slightly, enlarged. 34

oo f Pulvilli of the male fore tarsi not prolonged. Gen. XXVII. ECTARSUS.
I Pulvilli of the male fore tarsi prolonged. Gen. XXVIII. DIAPHORUS.
04 ( Arista altogether or almost altogether apical. 35

1 Arista dorsal. 36

OK ( Wings of considerable size (larger species). Gen. XXIX. LYROXECRPS.
I Wings of small size (smaller species). Gen. XXX. CHRYSOTUS.

(Feet of the male with isolated, strong, spine-like bristles.
Gen. XXXI. TEUCHOPHORUS.
Feet of the sexes without isolated, strong, spine-like bristles. 37

„- ( Face not narrowed above. Gen. XXXII. SYMPYCNUS.

( Face considerably narrowed above. Gen. XXXIII. CAMPSICNEMUS.

!A11 femora slender, abdominal segments with bristles before the hind
margin. Gen. XXXV. LIANCALUS.

Fore femora incrassated towards the basis. 39

OQ I Fore tibiae with long thorns. Gen. XXXVI. SCELLITS.

I Fore tibiae with very short little thorns. Gen. XXXVII. HYDROPHOKUS.
4~ ( Arista apical, or at least subapical. 41

v Arista distinctly dorsal. 42

r Third and fourth longitudinal veins strongly convergent.
41 1 Gen. XXXIX. MEDETERUS.

I Third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel. Gen. XL. CHRYSOTIMUS.
>„ ( Male abdomen with six distinct segments. Gen. XLI. XANTHOCHLORUS.
(. Male abdomen with five distinct segments. Geiit XLII. SAUCEOPDS.

. 14 DIPTEKA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.

I. First joint of the antennae with hairs on its upper side.

A. Hypopygium disengaged.

A. Palpi of the male small.

1. First joint of the hind tarsi bristly.

Gen. I. Hygroceleuthus. Gen. II. Dolicliopus.

2. First joint of the hind tarsi not bristly.

a. Third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel or sub-
parallel.

Gen. III. Gynmoptermis.

6. Third and fourth longitudinal veins convergent.

Gen. IV. Paraclius. Gen. VIII. SyMstroma.

Gen. V. Pelastoneurus. Gen. IX. Hercostomus.

Gen. VI. Tachytreclms. Gen. X. Hypophyllus.

Gen. VII. Ortliocliile. Gen. XL Haltericerus.

B. Palpi of the male conspicuously large.
Gen. XII. Diostracus.

B. Hypopygium more or less imbedded.

Gen. XIII. Aiiepsius. Gen. XV. Syntormon.

Gen. XIV. 4rgyra.

II. First joint of the antennae entirely bare on its upper side.

A. Third antennal joint in both sexes, or at least in the male, elon-
gated, tapering in a point, with an apical arista.

A. Posterior transverse vein distant from the margin of the wing,

palpi incumbent.

Gen. XVI. Synarthrus. Gen. XIX. Xiphandrium.

Gen. XVII. Systemis. Gen. XX. Porpliyrops.

Gen. XVIII. Rhaphium. Gen. XXI. Smiliotus.

B. Posterior transverse vein approximated to the margin of the

wing ; palpi hanging down.

Gen. XXII. Aphrosylus.

SYSTEMATIC AKRANGEMENT OP THE GENERA. 15

B. Third antennal joint short even in the male, or if somewhat elon-
gated, then neither pointed at tip nor with an apical, but, at
the utmost, with a subapical arista.

A. Fourth longitudinal vein simple.

1. Upper side of the thorax convex posteriorly.

a. Fifth longitudinal vein distinct.

a. -Distance of the posterior transverse vein from the
hind margin of the wing equal to its own length
or longer.

Gen. XXIII. Thinopliilus. Gen. XXIX. Lyronetirus.
Gen. XXIV. Peodes. Gen. XXX. Clarysotus.

Gen. XXV. Nematoproctus. Gen. XXXI. Teuchopltorus.
Gen. XXVI. Leucostola. Gen. XXXII. Sympycuus.

Gen. XXVII. Eutarsus. Gen. XXXIII. Campsicneinus.

Gen. XXVIII. Diapfiioriis. Gen. XXXIV. Plagioneurus.

0. Distance of the posterior transverse vein from the
margin of wing shorter than its own length.

Gen. XXXV. Liancalus. Gen. XXXVII. Hydrophortis.

Gen. XXXVI. Scellus.

6. Fifth longitudinal vein altogether wanting.
Gen. XXXVIII. Aclialcus.

2. Upper side of the thorax posteriorly with a flat, somewhat

concave, declivity.

Gen. XXXIX. IHedeterus. Gen. XLI. Xantkochlorus.

Gen. XL. Clirysotimus. Gen. XLII. Saucropus.

B. Fourth longitudinal vein forked.
Gen. XLIII. Psilopus.

HYGROCELEUTHUS. IT

Gen. I. HYGROCELEITTHUS.

The genera Hygroceleuthus and Dolichopus are the only ones
which have spine-like bristles on the first joint of the hind tarsi,
and this character helps to distinguish them most easily from all
other Dolichopodidse. They have also the following characters in
common : first antennal joint beset with hairs above ; third joint
not prolonged ; arista dorsal ; hypopygium entirely disengaged ;
its outer appendages proportionally large or moderately large,
lamelliform. The difference between the two genera is to be
found in the length of the face, which, in Hygroceleuthus, reaches
down to the inferior corner of the eye, and which is shorter in
Dolichopus. In the typical species of Hygroceleuthus the first,
and sometimes also the second joints of the antennae are consider-
ably longer than in Dolichopus. As on one side the European
Hygroc. Diadema Hal. approaches Dolichopus by the structure
of its antennae, so, on the other side, some species of Dolichopus,
for instance, D. plumipes Scop., a species common to Europe and
North America, are related to Hygroceleuthus by the somewhat
greater length of their face.

I know as yet only four species of Hygroceleuthus; of the three
typical species, one inhabits northern and middle Europe; the
second Siberia ; the third North America. The fourth species of
the genus is spread over all Europe.

The name Hygroceleuthus (t>y£oxaji£i£oj, living in the wet) has
been given to the genus on account of the species being found in
moist localities.

1. H. latipes LOEW. % and 9- — Aeneo-viridis, antennis rufis, ciliis
oculorum inferioribus pallidis, tegularum ciliis nigris, tarsis intermediis
maris compressis.

Brassy green ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit pale ; cilia of the
tegulse black ; middle tarsi of the male compressed. Long. corp. 0.26.
Long. al. 0.23.

SYN. Hygroceleuthus latipes LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 5.
2

18 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Green, shining. Antennse reddish-yellow, with a black supe-
rior edge and with the tip of the third joint black ; first joint nar-
row and elongated. Face white, yellowish above, much broader
in the 9 than in the J\ Cilia of the inferior orbit pale. Fore
coxa3, tip of the middle and hind COXSB and feet yellow ; tarsi black
from the tip of the first joint ; the first joint of the fore tarsi some-
times altogether dusky ; the root of the second joint of the hind
tarsi, on the contrary, is pale. On the upper side of the middle
tibias a bristle is conspicuous by its greater length ; there are two
bristles before the tip of the hind tibias. Tegulse with black cilia.
Wings tinged with brownish ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken ;
hind transverse vein straight and steep. Four last joints of the
middle tarsi compressed in the <£ , beset on the upper side with
incumbent black hairs ; the fifth joint much narrower than the pre-
ceding ones. Costa with a stout swelling near the tip of the first
longitudinal vein. Lamellae of the hypopygium of moderate size,
white, bordered with black at the tip, jagged and fringed with
'black bristles.

Hob. North Red River. (Kennicott.)

Gen. II. DOLICHOPUS.

The principal characters of the genus Dolichopus, as it follows
already from what has been said about it in the genus Hygro-
celeuthus, are : the presence of hairs on the upper side of the first
antenna! joint, the shape of the third joint, which is hardly ever
very much elongated, the. dorsal position of the arista, the en-
tirely disengaged hypopygium, the lamelliform shape of its rather
large outer appendages and the presence of spine-like bristles on
the first joint of the hind tarsi.

The genus Dolichopus, established by Latreille already in 1796,
is the oldest of the family. It comprised at that time all the
Dolichopodidse, so that all the other genera have been gradually
formed by the separation of some groups and by further subdivision
of the latter. In the sense in which this genus was adopted by
Wiedemann and Meigen, it still included the present genera Gym-
nopternus, ParacUus, Pelastoneurus and Tachytrechus, besides
some isolated species belonging to other genera, which had been
erroneously located in it. (Such was the case, for instance, with
D. adustus Wied., which belongs to Lyroneurus.} The defini-

DOLICHOPUS. 19

tion of Dolichopus, in its present limited sense, was given by me
in 1857. Still, even now, this is one of the largest genera of this
family. Although possessing abundant and striking specific dif-
ferences, its numerous species show at the same time so much
agreement in their general organization, that a subdivision into
smaller genera is impossible at present, and in future an attempt
of that kind will require a great deal of caution. One is easily
tempted here to establish generic groups founded upon characters
of a purely specific value. The genus Rhagoneura, formed by
Rondani, is due to a mistake of this kind. To found a new genus
on D. ziczac, which species apparently requires it on account of
some differences in the neuration and in the structure of the an-
tennae, seems hardly worth while, as this is as yet the only species
showing such differences.

The geographical distribution of the genus Dolichopus cannot
be inferred from the data found in older authors, as this genus con-
tained at that time very heterogeneous elements. Neither can Mr. >
Walker's superficial publications on exotic species be considered
in this respect as a source of information, as it is impossible to
tell from his descriptions which of his species belong to Dolichopus
in the restricted sense. Those species from the southern hemis-
phere, and fi'om the southern parts of the northern, which I had
occasion to examine at different times, proved not to belong to
Dolichopus in that sense. Hence we may safely conclude that
the genus Dolichopus, in the large majority of its species, belongs
to the cold and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere ; it
can, at least, be positively asserted that the number of species, in
Europe as well as in America, goes on diminishing toward the
South.

The name of the genus (SOM^OJ, long, and rtov;, foot) has refe-
rence to the length of the feet of its species.

Thirty-one North American species of Dolichopus have been
described by former authors ; some of them, however, do not belong
to this genus in the restricted sense adopted here. Of these
species three have been described by Say, one by Zetterstedt, one
by Macquart, and twenty-six by Walker. The descriptions given
by Mr. Walker are, for the most part, very bad, and the worst
are those published in the Diptera Saundersiana, as they con-
tain only such characters as are common to all the species, or at
least to entire groups, without paying the least attention to those

20 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

marks which serve to distinguish one species from another. The
eighteen descriptions contained in the List of Diptera of the
British Museum mention at least occasionally such specific cha-
racters, and may therefore C9ntain some data for identification;
but their great defect is that Mr. Walker has not given a complete
description of those peculiar marks which distinguish the males of
many species, so that, from his silence about these marks, one can-
not with safety conclude that they are Teally wanting. This accu-
racy is absolutely necessary in order to make a description avail-
able. Among the forty-one North American Dolichopodidse now
known to me, I recognize with certainty only a single species
already described before (besides the three species which North
America has in common with Europe, D. plumipes Scop., D.
brevipennis Meig., and D. discifer Stann.); it is theZ). cuprinus
Wied. (= cupreus Say). This striking result induces me to
give a separate account of all the other species published, by former
authors, in the order of their publication.

1. obscurus Say. This species, also described by Wiedemann, evi-

dently belongs to the genus Gymnopternus and will be discussed
there. Wiedemann's collection affords no light upon this species.
It contains, it is true, two specimens of a Dolichopus marked obscurus,
but this is no other than a species of Tachytrechus, from the Cape,
described by Wiedemann himself under the name of obsccenus. It
is probable that Wiedemann named this species, as he was in the
habit of doing, as soon as he received it in his collection, and that
when he described it afterwards, he changed its name to obscoenus,
on account of the already existing obscurus Say, neglecting, at the
same time, to change the etiquette in his collection.

2. abdominalis Say. The abdomen is said to be reddish. If Say

means a reddish, non-metallic color, then it is a distinct species,
entirely unknown to me, which will be easily recognizable even if it
is no true Dolichopus, as may very probably be the case. If, how-
ever, he means a metallic, coppery-red coloring, then the descrip-
tion is too unmeaning to pronounce even about its belonging to
Dolichopus in the restricted sense ; as to the identification of the
species, it is altogether out of question.

3. groenlandicus Zett. A true Dolichopus with black as the prevailing

color of its feet. It is not among the number of the species known
to me.

4. heteroneurus Macq. is either a Pelastoneurus or a Paraclius.

5. bifrons Walk. Dipt. Saund. It may be inferred, from the peculiar

coloring of the face of this species, that it is a Pelastoneurus,

DOLTCHOPTTS. 21

although no mention is made of the peculiar course of the fourth
longitudinal vein, which characterizes this genus.

6-9. censors, contiguus, hebes, ineptus, all four described by
Walker in the Dipt. Saund. from female specimens. The descrip-
tions are so wretched that the identification is impossible.

10. maculipes Walk. Dipt. Saund. The spots on the tibise, mentioned

by Walker, seem to indicate that this is a Pelastoneurus. But the
peculiar course of the fourth longitudinal vein, the chief character
of the genus, is again not mentioned.

11. pulcher Walk. Dipt. Saund. I take this to be a true Dolichopus,

although the datum of the fourth longitudinal vein beyond its
flexure not converging, but being parallel to the third, seems t» in-
dicate a Gymnopternus. It belongs to the species with black femora,
but among the species of this description which I possess from
North America, there is none to which Mr. Walker's description of
the fourth longitudinal vein is applicable.

12. varius Walk. Dipt. Saund. A very distinct species on account of

its spotted wings and which will be easily recognizable even if, as
it seems probable, it does not belong to the genus Dolichopus.

13. affinis Walk. This and the following species have been described by

Mr. Walker in the List of Diptera, etc. All belong very probably
to the genus Dolichopus, and to the subdivision with yellow feet,
except the cases which I have expressly mentioned below. It is
not said whether the tegulse of D. affinis are ciliated with black or
pale hairs. If the latter is the case, and if, as it appears from Mr.
Walker's data, the hind tarsi are altogether black, my D. splendidus
might alone be taken in consideration ; but it is hardly possible that
it should be this species, as Mr. Walker's description of the color-
ing does not apply to it, and as the hind femora of the £ of D.
affinis Walk, are ciliated with only a few hairs, whereas in D.
splendidus these hairs are very numerous. If D. affinis has black
cilia on the tegulse, then D. discifer and lobatus could be thought
of, but the hind femora of their males are entirely destitute of
bristles, so that the description of D. affinis cannot be applied to
either of .them.

14. lamellipes Walk. It has the inferior orbit ciliated with black.

Among the North American species of Dolichopus with pale-colored
feet D. pachycnemus and D. brevipennis alone partake of this cha-
racter. The other data of Mr. Walker do not apply at all to these
species, as neither of them has a white face, the first antennal joint
red and the third joint very long.

15. ciliatus Walk. Very poorly characterized. I suppose that the cilia

of the inferior orbit are pale. If the tegulse are likewise ciliated
with pale hairs, then D. variabilis and D. luteipennis might be taken
in consideration. But D. variabilis has no golden-yellow face, its
fore tarsi are not "dark tawny," but always black from the tip of

22 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the first joint ; besides, its male has ciliated hind femora, which
Mr. Walker does not ascribe to his species. D. luteipennis has a
white face and the last joint of its fore tarsi black ; its wings are
yellowish and not gray, the veins are luteous and not black ; finally -
the hind femora of its male are al^o ciliated. If the tegulse of D.
ciliatus are ciliated with black, then we might perhaps identify it
with D. vittatus ; but the size of the latter is too large to admit
of this identification, and its face, instead of being golden-yellow, is
whitish ; its fore tarsi are not dark tawny but always black from
the tip of the third joint.

16. adjacens Walk. Very poorly described from a female specimen, so

that it would be entirely useless to attempt its identification.

17. coercens Walk. Mr. "Walker says that the coxae are blackish-green

towards the basis. This character, combined with the others which
are given, excludes at once all the species with the tegulse fringed
with black, which are known to me. If the tegulse are fringed with
yellow, this species might be taken for D. longimanus; but the last
joint of the fore tarsi of the latter is only moderately enlarged,
assuming the shape of a very small lamella, and its hind tarsi are
colored black in a rather striking manner from the very root of the
first joint ; whereas Mr. Walker says that in his species they are
pitch brown towards the end. Under such circumstances the des-
cription of D. coercens Walk, cannot possibly be referred to D.
longimanus.

18. finitus Walk. If the tegulse are fringed with pale, then, among the

species known to me, D. longimanus, D. splendidus and D. batillifer
have to be taken in consideration. The face of D. longimanus is
not whitish, but pale ochre-yellowish in the £ and yellowish gray
in the 9 • the cilia of the inferior orbit are not white, but yellowish,
and the hind tarsi are not pale at the basis, as in D. finitus, but en-
tirely black. D. splendidus is distinguished from D. finitus by its
hind tarsi, which are not pale at the base, and by the ciliated hind
femora of the male. The face of D. batillifer is not white ; the hind
femora of the male are ciliated and the hind tibise incrassated in a
very striking manner; therefore this species is also distinct from
D. finitus. If the cilia of the tegulse of D. finitus are black, then we
might compare D. discifer and lobatus with it. The hind tarsi of
D. discifer are not pale at the base, and the first joint of the an-
tennse is tinged with black only on its upper edge, so that it is
hardly probable that Mr. Walker should have overlooked its
striking red coloring. This also excludes this species from the
identification with D. finitus. The hind tarsi of D. lobatus likewise
are not pale at the base, and the first joint of the antennse is red,
and only somewhat dusky on its upper edge, so that it has also to
be considered as different from D. finitus.

DOLICHOPUS. 23

19. distractus Walk. Walker says nothing about the sex of the de-

scribed specimen ; it seems to have been a female. The descrip-
tion does not afford any data for even an approximative identifica-
tion.

20. discessus Walk. Mr. Walker gives a very unsatisfactory descrip-

tion of a female. It is a rather surprising datum that the upper
side of the thorax has two longitudinal coppery-red stripes, whereas
all the species known to me, and marked with stripes of this color,
have always three, that is, a narrow intermediate one, and two
broad lateral ones. This character might perhaps serve as a clue
for identification.

21. contiguus Walk. Nothing is said about the color of the cilia of the

inferior orbit. If they are black, then it is certain that D. contiguus
is not among the species from North America known to me. If
they are pale, it still remains to be known of what color are the
'cilia of the tegulze about which Mr. Walker is also silent. Sup-
posing that they are pale, then D. splendidus would have to be
taken in consideration ; but its male has fringed hind femora and
cannot therefore be identified with D. contiguus. If the cilia of the
tegulae are black then we would have to compare D. discifer and
lobatus. But the last joint of the fore tarsi of D. discifer is not at
all much enlarged, and forms only a small pallet ; therefore it can-
not be taken for D. contiguus. D. lobatus has a very much enlarged
last joint of the male fore tarsi, but as the first joint of the antennae
is red and only slightly dusky on the upper edge, and as the
lamellae of the hypopygium have a broad black margin, whereas
Walker describes the lamellae of D. contiguus simply as whitish, as
the wings of D. lobatus, in the male sex, are distinguished by their
peculiar shape, which is not mentioned in the description of D. con-
tiguus, on account of all this we cannot consider these species as
being identical.

22. exclusTis Walk. Very poorly described from a female, so that all

effort to identify the species must remain fruitless.

23. confinis Walk. The same may be said of this species.

24. conterminus Walk. Mr. Walker does not mention the color of the

cilia on the tegulae, and this renders the identification impossible.
If they are black, then the species is not among those known to me.
D. discifer and D. lobatus are here again the species with which Mr.
Walker's description agrees in most particulars, but both are easily
distinguished by the absence of fringe on the hind femora of the
male. If, on the contrary, the cilia of the tegulae of D. conterminus
are pale, then D. splendidus might possibly be identified with it,
although it must be admitted that the coloring of this species as
well as some other characters, somewhat disagree with Mr. Walker's
description.

24 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

25. separatus Walk. Bad description of a female, rendering identifica-

tion impossible.

26. terminatus Walk. Also a female described. The only species to

which it may possibly be referred is D. chrysostomus, and I would
have no doubt about it if I knew that the cilia of the tegulse of D.
terminatus are black. But Mr. Walker's description is silent about
this ; neither does it mention the very striking black incisures
which the abdomen of D. chrysostomus shows ; finally, the third
joint of the antennae of the latter species is pointed at the tip. Con-
sidering all this, it would be premature to assume the. identity of
these species. Those who. in the determination of the species, rely
upon possibilities and vague reasonings, would perhaps do so. And
doubtless it is that the adoption of this synonymy would be more
reliable than that of any other of Walker's species with one of those
described by me.

27. sequax Walk. Mr. Walker says that this species has small tufts' of

black hairs at the basis of the middle tibiae. He does not mention,
however, whether this peculiarity is to be found in the male alone,
or in both sexes. At all events this is a very unusual distinction
among the species of Dolichopidae, which will render the identifica-
tion easy. This species is not among those described by me.

28. soccatus Walk. The sex of the described specimen is not men-

tioned ; it seems to have been a female. The description is too in-
complete to allow recognition.

29. remotus Walk. Description of a male with plain tarsi. The cha-

racters given allow a comparison merely with D. incisuralis, the
male of which, however, has fringed hind femora and cannot there-
fore be identical with D. remotus.

30. D. irrasus Walk. This is a small species, distinguished by its dark

blue color and unusually short abdomen, which is certainly not to
be found among the species known to me. It seems probable that
it is no true Dohchopus at all.

The slender result of the foregoing discussion of Mr. Walker's
species is, that there are only two among them which, with cer-
tain problematical admissions, may perhaps be identified with
species described by me, namely, D. conterminus Walk, with my
D. splendidus, and D. terminatus with D. chrysostomus.

To facilitate the determination of the species I give, first, a
dichotomic table. I found it impossible to bring it down to the
single species without making use of characters peculiar to the

DOLICHOFUS. 25

male sex only. The systematic arrangement which follows the
dichotomic table subdivides the genus in groups, founded upon
easily perceptible characters common to both sexes. I think it
will be useful to retain these groups, or, at least, the principal
among them.

Table for determining the Species.

, f Prevailing color of the feet black. 2

I Prevailing color of the feet yellowish. 9

9 ( Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 3

v. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. 4

o f Face ochre yellowish. 1 gratus Lw.

( Face silvery white. 2 laticorais Lw.

. f First joint of hind tarsi with numerous bristles. 3 setifer Liu.

\ First joint of hind tarsi with but few bristles. 5

_ ( Hind tibiae black only at the tip. 6

\ Hind tibiae quite black. 7

f The black at the tip of the hind tibiae rather extended and not very

• sharply limited. 4 albiciliatus Lw.

i The black at the tip of the hind tibias but little extended and sharply

I limited. 5 xanthocnemus, n. sp.

H ( A considerable extent of the tip of the femora yellow. 6 tetricus, n. sp.

I The extreme tip of the femora only somewhat yellow. 8

R f Lamellae of the hypopygium pointed. 7 acuminatus Lw.

\ Lamellae of the hypopygium rounded ovate. 8 ovatus Lw.

q ( Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 10

I Cilia of the inferior orbit pale. 11

^0 ( Fore coxae blackish. 9 pachycnemus Lw.

I Fore coxae yellow. 10 brevipennis Meig.

, , f Tegulaa with pale cilia. 12

I Tegulse with black cilia. 23

,„ f Antennae black, at the utmost, the first joint almost red. 13

I Antennas altogether, or at least their larger portion, yellowish red. 21
.„/ Fore coxae dark beyond the middle. 11 longimauus Lw.

I Fore coxse pale. 14

, . f Tip of the hind tibiae decidedly blackish. 15

I Tip of the hind tibias not or very slightly infuscated. 16

1 , ( Fore tarsi only ferruginous-brownish. 12 brevimanus Lw.

I Fore tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint. 13 socius Lw.
,„ ( Hind tarsi entirely black. 17

X Basis of the hind tarsi pale to a considerable extent. 19

, - f Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 14 uudus, n. sp.

\ Hind femora of the male ciliated. 18

26 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

' Hind femora of the male with sparse and rather short cilia.

15 subciliatus, n. sp.
Hind femora of the male with very long and dense cilia.

16 splendidus Lw.

, Only the last joint of the fore tarsi of the male is enlarged.
19 J 17 batillifer Lw.

( The two last joints of the fore tarsi of the male are enlarged. 20

0(, f Hind femora of the male ciliated. 18 eudactylus Lw.

I Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 19 tonsus Lw.

o-i f Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged. 20 tener Lw.

I Fore tarsi of the male plain. 22

22 / Wings hyaline with a grayish tinge. 21 variabilis Lw.

(• Wings hyaline with a yellowish tinge. 22 luteipennis Lw.

go f Fourth longitudinal vein broken. 24

X Fourth longitudinal vein not broken. 28

24 f Antennae black. 23 ramifer Lw.
I Antennas yellowish-red. 25
f Fourth longitudinal vein broken twice at right angles. 24 bifractusiw?.

25 | The inferior angle of the fourth longitudinal vein sharp, the superior
v one rounded. 26

2/. f Tarsi of the male plain. 25 vittatus Lw.

I Tarsi of the male enlarged at the tip. 27

27 f Hind femora of the male ciliated. 26 cuprinus Wied.
I Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 27 longipennis Lw.
/-Antennae red, at the utmost the third joint somewhat or altogether

28 ] blackened at the tip. 29
I. Antennae black, at the utmost the first joint partly red. 36

! Humeral callosity of the same color with the upper side of the thorax.
30
Humeral callosity yellowish. 35

OQ f Arista much enlarged towards the tip in the male. 28 hastatus, n. sp.
v. Arista of the male not enlarged. 31

o-j f Last joint of the fore tarsi not enlarged in the male. 32

I Last joint of the fore tarsi enlarged in the male. 33

First joint of the male middle tarsi feathered. 29 plumipes Scop.
First joint of the male middle tarsi not feathered. 30 fulvipes Lw.

{Last joint of the male fore tarsi with a lamelliforni appendage.
31 sexarticulatus, n. sp.
Last joint of the male fore tarsi without lamelliform appendage. 34
04 f Last joint of the male fore tarsi small. 32 ruficornis Lw.

I Last joint of the male fore tarsi large. (40 lobatus Lw.~)

„, f Fore tarsi of the male plain. 33 scapularis Lw.

I Fore tarsi of the male enlarged at the tip. 34 funditor Lw.

og / Face dark golden-yellow. 35 chrysostomus Lw.

\ Face not golden-yellow. 37

SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OP THE SPECIES. 27.

„- f Tip of the hind femora infuscated above. 38

I Tip of the hind femora not infuscated above. 39

OQ 5 Fore femora on the under side with a black stripe. 36 praeustus Lw.

(. Fore femora without black streak. 37 comatus Lw.

OQ f Fore tarsi black only at the tip. 40

I Fore tarsi black from the tip of the first joint. 41

"Two last joints of the male fore tarsi but little enlarged, feathered

with black. 38 scoparius, n. sp.

Two last joints of the male fore tarsi enlarged, not feathered.

39 discifer Stann.

£, / Last joint of the male fore tarsi very much enlarged. 40 lobatus Lw.

I Fore tarsi of the male plain. 42

42 / Bristles of the hind tibiae longer than usual. 41 setosus Lw.

*- Bristles of the hind tibiae not longer than usual. 42 incisuralis Lw.

Systematic distribution of the Species.

I. Prevailing color of the feet black.

A. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.

I. gratus Lw. 2. laticornis Lw.

B. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish.

3. setifer Lw. 6. tetricus, n. sp.

4. albiciliatus Lw. f 7. acuminatus Lw.

5. xanthocnemus, n. sp. 8. ovatus Lw.

II. Prevailing color of the feet yellowish.

A. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.

9. pachycnemus Lw. 10. brevipennis Heig.

B. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale.

A. Cilia of the tegulae pale.

1. Antennae black, the first joint at the utmost partly red.

II. longimanus Lw. 16. splendidus Lw. .

12. brevimanus Lw. 17. batillifer Lw.

13. socius Lw. 18. eudactylus Lw.

14. nudus, n. sp. 19. tonsus Lw.

15. subciliatus, n. sp.

2. Antennas entirely, or their greater portion, yellowish red.

20. tener Lw. 22. luteipennis Lw.

21. variabilis Lw.

28 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

B. Cilia of the tegulse black.

1. Fourth longitudinal vein broken.

a. Antennae black.

23. ramifer Lw.

b. Antennae yellowish-red.

24. bifractus Lw. 26. cuprinus Lw.

25. vittatus Lw. 27. longipennis Lw.

2. Fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

a. Antennae red, at the utmost the third joint at the tip

almost entirely red.

a. Humeral callosity of the same color with the
thorax.

28. hastatus, n. sp. 31. sexarticulatus, n. sp.

29. plumipes Scop. 32. ruficornis Lw.

30. fulvipes Lw.

B. Humeral callosity yellowish.
33. scapularis Lw. 34. funditor Lw.

b. Antennae black, at the utmost theifirst joint partly red.

35. chrysostomus Lw. 39. discifer Stann.'

36. preeustus Lw. 40. lobatus Lw.

37. comatus Lw. 41. setosus Lw.

38. scoparius Lw. 42. inclsuralis Lw.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 29

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

I. PREVAILING COLOR OP THE FEET BLACK.

A. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.

1. I>. grains LOEW. $ . — Ex viridi chalybeus, pedum nigrorum tibiis
anterioribus totis tibiarumque posticarum dimidio basali flavis, facie
ochracea, ciliis oculorum inferioribus, tegularumque ciliis nigriis.

Bluish-green, feet black, the four anterior tibiae entirely, the two hind ones
upon the basal half yellow ; face ochre-brownish ; cilia of the inferior
orbit and of the tegulae black. Long. corp. 0.23—0.24. Long. al. 0.21.

SYN. Dolichopus gratus LOEW, Neue Beitrage, VIII, 11, 1.

Bluish-green. The narrow face ochre-brownish. Antennae
black ; the first joint rather narrow. Front metallic bluish-green.
The cilia of the inferior orbit black. Lamella? of the hypopygium
whitish, of moderate size, on the upper and the apical margin with
a moderately broad black border ; the apical margin somewhat
jagged and fringed with numerous black bristles. Femora black,
with yellow tip ; the hind femora rather stout, provided with a
bristle before the tip ; upon the under side ciliated with long black
hair ; the four anterior tibia? and tarsi yellowish, the latter ones
but little darker towards the tip ; hind tibia? somewhat thickened,
the apical half and the whole of their hind edge black, the remain-
ing parts yellowish ; hind tarsi quite black, the first joint with few
bristles. Tegulse with strong black cilia. Wings hyaline, the
costa is thickened before the tip of the first longitudinal vein, and
only very gradually attenuated beyond ; the end of the fourth lon-
gitudinal vein converges towards the third.

Hob. Trenton Falls, West Point, Palisades, etc., N". Y. (Os-
ten-Sacken.)

2. D. laticornis LOEW. %, . — Viridis pedum nigrorum tibiis, excepto
posticarum apice, flavis, facie alba, ciliis oculorum inferioribus nigris,
tegularum ciliis albis.

Green, feet black ; tibiae, excepting the tip of the hind ones, yellow ; face

30 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

white ; cilia of the inferior orbit black ; cilia of the tegulae white. Long,
corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.15.

STN. Dolichopus laticornis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 12, 2.

Face white, rather broad for a male. Antennas black; the
third joint large and broad, ovate ; arista inserted upon its second
third. Front metallic green. The cilia ^of the inferior orbit
black. Lamella? of the hypopygium rather small, of a trapezoidal
form, the upper and apical margin are but very little bordered
with black ; their margin is not jagged but only fringed with
minute black hairs. Tip of the coxa? yellow. Femora black,
with a faint greenish reflection and yellow tip. Tibiae yellowish.
(The middle tibiae are wanting in the described specimen.) The
tip of the hind tibise, which are not thickened at all, is black.
Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint black ; hind tarsi entirely
black; the first joint is beset with a few thorn-like bristles. Hind
femora before the tip with a stout "bristle. Tegulse with whitish
cilia. Wings hyaline ; the costa but scarcely thickened about the
tip of the first longitudinal vein ; the end of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein converges towards the third.

Hob. Connecticut. (Norton.)

B. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale.

3. D. setifer LOEW. £ . — Obscure viridis, pechim nigrorum tibiis an-
terioribus posticarumque dimidio basali flavis, facie alba, ciliis oculorum
inferioribus tegularumque ciliis albidis, metatarso postico valde setoso.

Dark green ; feet black, the four anterior tibise and the basal half of the
two hind ones yellow ; face white ; the cilia of the lower orbit and of the
tegulse whitish ; the first joint of the hind tarsi with many thorn-like
bristles. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Dolichopus setifer Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 12, 3.

Face silvery-white, narrow. Antennae black, third joint short.
Front- metallic green. The cilia of the inferior orbit whitish.
The lamellae of the hypopygium whitish ; their long apical margin
is finely jagged only below and fringed with long bristles, above
only finely hairy ; its lower corner has a narrow black border.
The black femora show a green reflection and have a clayish-yel-
low tip ; the hind femora have a bristle before their tip and are
ciliated on their under side with long black hairs ; the four anterior
tibiae are clayish-yellow ; the first joint of the four anterior tarsi

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 31

is of the same color; its tip and the remaining joints are black.
The hind tibia? are black ; upon their upper side, from the base
beyon'd the middle, clayish-yellow ; towards their tip but little
thickened ; the first joint of the hind tarsi is covered with many
thorn-like bristles. Tegula? with whitish cilia. Wings entirely
hyaline, towards the base somewhat wedge-shaped, with a black
spot which occupies their very tip. The costa is hardly thickened
near the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; the end of the fourth
longitudinal vein converges towards the third.

Eab. District Columbia ; Trenton Falls, 1ST. Y. (Osteu-Sacken.)

4. D. altoiciliatlis LOEW. 9 • — Obscure viridis, peduin nigrorum
tibiis, posticarum apice tarnen excepto, tarsorumque anteriorum basi
flavis, facie alba, ciliis oculorum iuferioribus albis, tegularum ciliis
nigris.

Dark green ; feet black, tibise, excepting the tip of the hind ones, and the
basis of the four anterior tarsi, yellow ; face white ; cilia of the inferior
orbit white ; cilia of the tegulse black. Long. corp. 0.20. Long. al. 0.20.

SYN. Dolichopus albidliatus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Monatschr. VI, 211, 59.

Dark green. Face proportionally rather broad, white. An-
tennas black, third joint short. Front metallic green. Cilia on
the inferior orbit white. Femora black, with a greenish reflection,
their extreme tip brownish-yellow ; on the under side of the hind
femora the hairs are somewhat longer than in the related species,
and of such a kind as to lead to the supposition that the male has
the hind femora ciliated with black. Tibia? yellow, the tip of the
hind ones black ; this black coloring occupies on the anterior side
perhaps the fourth, on the hind side nearly the third part. On
the four anterior tarsi the four last joints, including the tip of the
first joint, are black ; the hind tarsi are entirely black ; their first
joint is as long as the second, upon its upper side with two bris-
tles, and upon its under side with one. Cilia of the tegula? black.
Wings hyaline.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

5. D. xantliocnemus, n. sp. £ and 9- — Obscure viridis, pedum
nigrorum tibiis, posticarum apice taruen excepto, tarsorumque anteriorum
basi flavi^, facie alM, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albis, tegularum ciliis
nigris, fernoribus maris posticis albo-ciliatis.

Dark green ; feet black, tibiee, excepting the tip of the hind ones, and the

32 DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

base of the four anterior tarsi, yellow ; face white ; cilia of the inferior
orbit white ; cilia of the tegulse black ; hind femora of the male ciliated
with white. Long. corp. 0.15 — 0.16. Long. al. 0.17 — 0.18.

In the color and even the structure of the body this species re-
sembles D. albiciliatus; but it is much smaller. Pace white, that
of the male rather narrow, that of the female proportionally rather
broad. Palpi blackish at the base, at the tip more yellowish and
with a somewhat whitish reflection. Antenna? black ; third joint
rather short, in the g somewhat larger than in the 9. Front
metallic green. Cilia of the inferior orbit black above, white on
the side and below. Coxas black, trochanters brownish-yellow.
The fore coxa? dusted on their fore side and beset with black hair.
Femora black, with brownish -yellow tip, the hind ones before the
tip with a bristle. The hairs of the femora are black, but there
are on the .under side of the four anterior femora of the male some
delicate and short white hairs. The under side of their hind
femora is ciliated with very long white hairs ; upon the under side
of the anterior femora of the female the hairs are closer than in the
male, and show a whitish appearance only in a certain direction,
whilst in another direction they appear rather blackish. Tibise
yellowish ; the hind tibiae are colored with black at the tip ; this
black coloring has but a moderate extent and is rather sharply
limited. Tarsi plain in both sexes; on the four anterior ones
the tip of the first joint and the four following joints are co-
lored black ; the hind tarsi are entirely black ; in the male their
first joint has more thorn-like bristles than in the female. Cilia
of the tegulse black, but mixed with minute white hairs, as it is
also the case with the related species, for instance with D. albici-
liatus. Wings grayish hyaline ; in the male the anterior margin
has at the tip of the first longitudinal vein a small knot-shaped
swelling. The white lamellae of the hypopygium are of a rounded-
ovate form, bordered with black, jagged on the upper and apical
margins and fringed with black bristles.

Nab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

Observation. — Between the diagnosis of this species and that
of D. albiciliatus there is no difference with regard to the female
sex except in the size. Indeed the females of both species are
very much alike. In order to distinguish them it will be well to
bear in mind that the female of D. xanthocnemus is not only

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 33

much smaller, but that the incisures of its abdomen are less
blackened, that the black coloring on the. tip of its hind tibia? is
less extended and more sharply limited, and that finally the short
hairs upon the under side of its fore and middle femora have, in
a reflected light, for the most part a whitish appearance, whilst in
the female of D. albiciliatus this is the case only in the proximity
of the base of the fore femora.

6. D. tetricilSj n. sp. ^ and 9 . — Obscure viridis, rarius cupreus,
antennis pedibusque nigris, apicali femorum triente testaceo, inferioribus
oculorum ciliis flavicantibus, alis ciuereis. £ . Facie exochraceo-cine-
rea, lamellis hypopygii albidis, ultimo tarsorum anticorum articulo
dilatato, tibiis posticis crassiusculis. 9 • Facie albida, pedibus simpli-
cibus.

Dark green, seldom coppery ; antennae and feet black, the last third of the
femora brownish-yellow ; cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish ; wings
grayish. £ . Face yellowish-gray ; lamellae of the hypopygium whitish ;
the last joint of the fore tarsi enlarged : hind tibiae somewhat thickened.
9- Face white; feet plain. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.20. Long. al. 0.20 —
0.22.

Dark green, bright; the last segments of the abdomen are
usually dark bronze-colored, and sometimes the color of the body
is everywhere very coppery. Antennae black ; the third joint
almost round, still with a sharp projection at the tip. Front me-
tallic green. The face of the male not very narrow, yellowish gray ;
the face of the female much broader, whitish. Palpi black, dusted
with whitish on the edge, particularly in the female. Cilia of the
inferior orbit- yellowish, sometimes nearly whitish. Hypopygium
with elliptic, whitish lamella? of moderate size, which are bordered
with black on the upper and apical margin ; the latter is somewhat
jagged. Coxse black ; fore coxa? with black hairs and bristles, only
very slightly dusted with white. Feet black; the last third of the
fore and middle femora, as also somewhat more than the last quar-
ter of the hind femora, reddish luteoua-yellow or almost yellowish-
red ; the hind femora before the tip with *a seta, not ciliated upon
their under side, even in the g . The tibia? show only at the very
extreme base a lighter color ; in the 9 all tibia? are of a plain
structure, in the J* the hind tibia? are conspicuously thickened.
The 9 has plain tarsi, in the male the last joint of the fore tarsi
is flattened from the side, and enlarged above into a lobe ; the
first joint of the hind tarsi in both sexes is but little fringed with
3

34 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

thorn-like bristles. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings grayish
with brownish-black veins ; the last section of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein has a rather strong flexure in the middle, but from
that point runs nearly parallel with the third longitudinal vein ;
the g has no swelling of the costa at the tip of the first longi-
tudinal vein.

Eab. Fort Resolution, Huds. Bay Territory. (Kenuicott.)

T. I>. acuminatlis LOEW. £ and 9 • — Obscure viridis, pedum ni-
grorum tibiis anticis ex flavo fuscis, facie alba, ciliis oculorum inferiori-
bus albis, tegularum ciliis nigris, lamellis hypopygii magnis, acutis.

Dark green ; the feet black, fore tibise brownish-yellow ; face white ; cilia
of the inferior orbit white, of the tegulse black ; the large lamellae of the
hypopygium pointed at the end. Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.14 —
0.15.

SYN. Dolichopus acuminatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 12, 4.

Male. Dark green. Face narrow, white. Antennae black;
their third joint short. Front metallic green. Lamellae of the
hypopygium white, large, spatule-shaped, pointed, so that the
upper and the lower margin strike together and there is no dis-
tinct apical margin ; the upper one has a narrow black border
and is ciliated with minute black hairs. The black femora with
a bluish-green reflection, and their extreme tip brownish-yellow ;
fore tibise upon the greatest part of the upper side brownish-yel-
low, dark brown beneath ; fore tarsi brownish-black with yellow
base ; middle tibise and middle tarsi brownish-black, still the base
of the latter yellowish-brown ; hind tibise and hind tarsi entirely
black, the latter sparsely bristly upon the first joint. Cilia of the
tegulse black. Wings hyaline ; the costa at the tip of the first
longitudinal vein not thickened ; the end of the fourth vein con-
verging towards the third; the hind transverse vein somewhat
less steep than in D. ovatus.

Female. Very much like the male. The white face much
broader than in the male, still not so broad as in the female of
D. albiciliatus. The yellow coloring upon the upper side of the
fore tibise is not only generally lighter than in the J*, but also
often distinctly observable upon the first half of the upper side of
the middle tibise.

Hab. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.) Illinois. (Le Baron.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 35

8. D. ovatlis LOEW. £ . — Obscure viridis, pedum nigrorum tibiis an-
ticis ex flavo fuscis, facie alba, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegu-
larum ciliis nigris, lamellis hypopygii parvis, rotundato-ovatis.

Dark green ; feet black, fore tibise brownish-yellow ; face white ; cilia of the
inferior orbit whitish, of the tegulse black ; lamella? of the hypopygium
small, rounded-ovate. Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.14 — 0.15.

SYN. Dolichopus ovatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 13, 5.

Face narrow, white. Antennas black, third joint short. Front
metallic green. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Lamella? of
the hypopygium white, rather small, roundish-ovate, on the upper
and apical margin with a narrow black border, on the latter split
into a bristle-like lobe and fringed with black bristles. Feet
black ; the femora with a somewhat greenish reflection ; their ex-
treme tip brownish-yellow ; the root of the fore and middle tarsi
are of the same color. Fbre tibite upon the greatest part of the
upper side brownish-yellow, beneath dark brown. Middle tibios
and middle tarsi brownish-black. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi
black. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings hyaline ; the costa at
the tip of the first longitudinal vein not thickened. The end of
the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third ; the hind
transverse vein straight and steep. .

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — The ? of D. ovatus, which is not known to me,
must resemble very much that of.D. acuminatus. Besides the
but slight discrepancy in the color of the feet, the difference con-
sists probably in the coarser hairs on the fore coxae ; at least the
hairs in the J* of D. ovatus are coarser and also longer than in
that of D. acuminatus. The difference in the direction of the
hind transverse vein, in the hiales of both species, is not sufficient
to be relied upon for an easy discrimination of the 9 of the same
species.

II. PREVAILING COLOR or THE FEET YELLOWISH.

A. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.

9. I>. pachycnemus LOEW. £ and 9. — Aeneo-viridis, antennis,
oculorum tegularumque ciliis nigris, coxis omnibus totis obscuris, pedi>-
bus flavis, dimidio tibiarum posticarum apicali, tarsis intermediis inde
ab articuli primi apice, posticisque totis nigris.

£ . Tarsis anticis attenuatis, articulis tribus ultimis atris, compressis,

36 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

duobus ultimis valde dilatatis, femoribus posticis nigro-ciliatis, tibiis
posticis incrassatis.
9 . Pedibus simplicibus, tarsis anticis inde ab articuli primi apice nigris.

Metallic green ; antennae, cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulse black ;

all coxae entirely dark ; tarsi yellow ; the whole second half of the hind

tibiae, the middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint and the whole hind

tarsi black.
$ . Fore tarsi attenuated; the three last joints black, compressed, the two

last joints much enlarged; hind femora ciliated with black; hind tibiae

incrassated.
9- Feet plain, fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint blackened. Long.

corp. 0.25—0.26. Long. al. 0.22.

SYN. Dolichopus pachycnemus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 13, 6.

Dark metallic green, bright. Face of the £ narrow, ochre-yel-
low; face of the 9 broad, grayish-yellow. Antenna? entirely
black ; the third joint ovate. Front bright, generally for the most
part steel-blue. The cilia of the inferior orbit black. Thorax
with a rather broad brass-colored middle line. Abdomen coppery
towards the end. All the coxae black, only their extreme tip
somewhat brownish-yellow. Feet dark yellow; hind femora on
the extreme tip darker, before the same with a strong bristle ; all
tibiae with numerous bristles \ hind tibiae upon the entire second
half black; middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint black;
hind tarsi entirely black. Tegulae with black cilia. Wings some-
what shorter than usual, in the 9 somewhat more dusky than in
the male, especially somewhat darker towards the fore margin.

Male. Fore tarsi not very much longer than the fore tibia? ;
their first and second joints slender, stalk-like, yellow ; the first
one much longer than the second ; the following joints black, flat-
tened ; the third somewhat broader towards the end ; the fourth
much enlarged, of a nearly triangular form, beset upon the upper
side with short, close, minute black hairs ; the fourth joint is like-
wise much enlarged, still not as broad as the third, and of a more
ovate form. Hind tibiae much thickened, stoutest in the middle,
and marked upon the upper side with a narrow pale line running
from the middle to the tip ; hind femora ciliated beneath with long
black hairs. Lamellae of the hypopygiurn dingy yellow, with a
broad black border, of moderate size and of a rather round shape,
jagged on the apical margin and fringed with black bristles.

Female. Feet plain ; the fore tarsi rather blackish already from

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 37

•

the tip of the first joint, which is sometimes the case in £ , but
only in very dark-colored specimens.

Hob. Middle States. (Osteu-Sacken.) Illinois. (Kennicott.)

1O. E>. brevipeimis MEIG. £ and 9 . — Aene"o-viridis, antennis,
oculorum tegularumque ciliis nigris, coxis anticis praeter basim pedi-
busque flavis, triente tibiarum posticarum apicali, tarsis intermediis
inde ab articuli primi apice, posticisque totis nigris.

£ . Tarsis anticis attenuatis, articulis duobus ultimis atris, compressis,
ultimo eximie dilatato, femoribus posticis pallide-ciliatis.

9 . Pedibus simplicibus, tarsis anticis inde ab articuli primi apice nigris.

Metallic-green ; antennae, cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulje black ;

fore coxae, excepting the basis, and feet yellow ; the last third of the

hind tibiEe, the middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint and the whole

hind tarsi black.
$ . Fore tarsi attenuated, the two last joints black, flattened, the last one

extremely enlarged ; the hind femora ciliated with pale hairs.
9 . Feet plain ; the fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint black. Long.

corp. 0.24— 0.25. Long. al. % 0.22; 9 0.24—0.25.

STN. Dolichopus plumitarsis (var. 5.) FALLEN, Dol. 10, 4.

Dolichopus brevipennis MEIGEN, Syst. Beschr. iV, 89, 27. — STANNIUS, Isis,
1831, 60, 12. — ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lapp*. 700, 8. — STAEGEB, Kroyer
Tidaskr. IV, 23, 13. — ZETTEKSTEDT, Dipt. Scand. II, 603. — WALKER,
Dipt. Brit. I, 160, 10.

Dark metallic green, bright. Front green. Antennae black.
Face of the g grayish-yellow; that, of the 9 grayish- white,
slightly yellowish, much broader than in the £ . Palpi brown.
Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Hypopygium black. Lamellae
large, oblong-ovate, dingy-yellowish, with a broad black border,
on the apical margin somewhat jagged and fringed with crooked
black bristles. The hind coxas blackish, only on the extreme tip
yellow. Fore coxae yellow, hairy with black ; on the outside of
the basis with a somewhat triangular greenish-black spot. Feet
yellow. Hind femora before the end only with one bristle ; in the
J* they are sparsely ciliated beneath with very long, yellowish
hairs. On the hind tibias the last third at least is black ; hind
tibiae of the g perceptibly stronger than those of the 9 , but not
near so strong as those of the male of D. pachycnemus ; they
have no large bare spot upon their hind side, but at the end of
the upper side a straight, pale, longitudinal line occupying the
whole of their last third. The fore tarsi of the J* are about 1 £

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the length of the tibiae; their three first joints are style-like,
very attenuated, generally brownish-yellow ; their two last joints
are black, flattened from the side, the penultimate but little, the
last joint on the contrary very much enlarged. The fore tarsi of
the 9 are plain, blackish from the tip of the first joint. Middle
tarsi of both sexes plain, black from the tip of the first joint ; upon
the second half of the upper side of their first joint a single stronger
bristle is inserted. Hind tarsi always altogether black. Cilia of
the tegulas black. Wings of the J1 somewhat less grayish than
those of the 9 , proportionally somewhat shorter and more pointed,
with a strong swelling of the costa near the tip of the first longi-
tudinal vein. The hind transverse vein almost perpendicular;
the last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Sab. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)
Observation. — The identity of Mr. Kennicott's specimens with
the European D. brevipennis may be considered as doubtless,
after the most careful comparison.

B. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale.

A. Cilia of the tegulse pale.
1. Antennae black, at the utmost the larger portion of the first joint red.

11. D. longimanus LOEW. £ and 9 — Aeneo-viridis, facie maris
pallide ochracea, fceminae ex flavo cinerascente, antennis nigris, ciliis
oculorum inferioribus teguhirumque ciliis flavicantibus, coxarum anti-
carum dimidio basali obscuro, pedibus flavis, tarsis posticis totis nigris ;
maris ultimo tarsorum anticorum articulo valde dilatato femoribusque
posticis ciliatis.

Metallic green ; the face of the % pale ochre-yellowish, that of the 9 yel-
lowish-gray ; antennae black ; cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulze
yellowish ; basal half of the fore coxae dark ; feet yellow with entirely
black hind tarsi, last joints of the % fore tarsi enlarged and $ hind
femora ciliated. . Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27. Long. al. 0.27 0.28.

SYN. Dolichopus longimanus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 14, 7.

Bronze-green, rather bright. Face of the £ narrow, pale
ochre-yellow; face of the 9 rather broad, light yellow-grayish.
Antennae entirely black, lower corner of the third joint with, a
scarcely perceptible lighter coloring ; third joint of the antenna
in the £ short ovate, in the 9 almost round. Front bright,
green or blue-green. The cilia of the inferior orbit yellow.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 39

Upper side of the thorax somewhat pruinose, with a coppery
middle stripe and with a somewhat coppery-colored mark on each
side before the transverse suture, sometimes coppery on a larger
extent. Basal portion of the fore coxae blackish beyond the mid-
dle ; on the middle and hind ones this coloring extends almost as
far as the extreme tip. Feet yellow ; fore tarsi black at the tip
only, middle ones from the tip of the first joint ; hind tarsi entirely
black ; the hind femora before the tip with a bristle. Tegulse with
yellowish cilia. Wings rather large, hyaline ; the fourth longi-
tudinal vein not broken.

Male. The lamellae of the hypopygium whitish, on the upper
margin with a narrow, on the apical one with a broader black
border, ovate ; their apical margin is fringed with black bristles
and jagged on its lower part. Fore tarsi slender and nearly twice
as long as the tibiae ; the four first joints yellow ; first joint as long
as four-fifths of the tibias ; second joint half as long as the first ;
the third one but little shorter than the second ; the fourth only
about half as long as the third ; the fifth joint but little longer
than the fourth, black, flattened, beset upon the upper margin
with appressed black hairs. Hind femora upon the second half
of the under side closely ciliated with yellow hairs. Hind tibiae
somewhat stout, without being actually thickened ; they are
glabrous upon the anterior half of their hind side. Costa near
the tip of the first longitudinal vein with an elongated swelling.

Hab. English river. (Kennicott.) West Point, N. Y. (Os-
ten-Sacken.)

12. D. Ibrevinaanus LOEW. £ . — Aeneo-viridis, facie alba, antenna-
rum nigrarum articulo primo subtus rufo, ciliis oculorum inferioribus
albis, tegularum ciliis pallide flavicantibus, pedibus flavis, coxis anticis
concoloribus, tarsis anticis ex flavo pallide ferrugineis, intermediis inde
ab articuli primi apice posticisque totis cum tibiarum aplce nigris.

Metallic-green ; face white ; the first joint of the black antennse upon the
under side red ; cilia of the inferior orbit white, on the tegulae yellowish ;
the fore coxse and feet yellow ; the fore tarsi pale rusty-brownish ; mid-
dle ones from the tip of the first joint and the whole hind ones, including
the tip of the tibiae, black. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Dolichopus brevimanus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 14, 8.

Metallic-green, bright. Face white. Antennae black; the
whole lower margin of the first joint red ; third joint ovate, not

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

rounded at the tip. Front bright bluish-green. Cilia of the in-
ferior orbit white. •• Lamellae of the hypopygium white, of medium
size and of ovate form, upon the upper and apical margin with a
narrow black border, and fringed with black bristles; on the
apical margin somewhat jagged. Fore coxae yellowish-white, with-
out minute black hairs upon the anterior side ; middle and hind
coxaa blackish with whitish-yellow tip. Feet light yellow ; hind
femora beset with somewhat longer minute black hairs, without
being actually ciliated. Hind tibiae plain, upon the hind side
without glabrous stripe, at the tip blackish. Fore tarsi only
as long as the tibiae and but little darker than those, yellow-
brownish; middle tarsi black from the tip of the 'first joint; hind
tarsi entirely black. Tegulae with pale yellowish cilia. Wings
hyaline, towards the fore margin with a faint brownish-gray
tinge ; costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein although
somewhat stouter, not actually thickened; the fourth longitu-
dinal vein not broken.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

•

13. 1>. socilis LOEW. $ .— Aeneo-viridis, facie alba, antennarmn ni-
grarum articulo primo subtus rufo, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albis,
tegularum ciliis dilute flavicantibus, pedibus flavis, coxis anticis con-
coloribus, tarsis anterioribus inde ab articuli primi apice, apice tibiarum
posticarum tarsisque posticis totis nigris.

Metallic-green ; face white ; the first joint of the black antenna upon the
under side red ; cilia of the inferior orbit white ; cilia of the tegulse pale
yellowish ; fore coxae and feet yellow, the four anterior tarsi from the
tip of the first joint, the tip of the hind tibiae and the whole hind tarsi
black. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Dolichopus socius LOEW, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. VI, 211, 60.

Metallic-grpen, bright. Face white. Antennas black; the
whole lower margin of the first joint red, the third joint ovate, not
rounded at the tip. Front bright, bluish-green. Cilia of the in-
ferior orbit white. Lamellae of the hypopygium white, of medium
size, ovate, on the upper and apical margin with a narrow black
border and fringed with black bristles, on the apical margin
somewhat jagged. Fore coxae yellowish-white, without minute
black hairs upon the front side ; middle and hind coxaa blackish,
with yellowish tip% Feet pale yellow ; hind femora upon the un-
der side with but extremely short hardly visible hairs ; hind tibiaa

, DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 41

blackish at the tip ; upon the hind side without glabrous stripe ;
fore tarsi but little longer than the tibiae, rather slender, blackened
from the tip of the first joint, still so that the extreme basis of the
second and sometimes even that of the third joint remain pale ;
the last joint of the fore tarsi is light rusty -brownish ; middle tarsi
from the tip of the first joint black ; hind tarsi entirely black.
Cilia of the tegulse pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, towards the
fore margin with a faint brownish-gray tinge ; the costa near the
tip of the first longitudinal vein only very little stouter, but not
thickened ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — In order to .distinguish D. socius from the very
like D. brevimanus, it is only necessary to pay attention to the
difference in the length and coloring of the fore tarsi and also to
the different nature of the hairs on the under side of the hind
femora. From D. subciliatus, nudus and splendidus, D. socius
differs by its hind tibias, which are distinctly blackish at the tip,
whereas in D. subciliatus and nudus they are only slightly infus-
cated at the tip, and altogether yellow as far as the extreme tip
in D. splendidus. From D. subciliatus and D. splendidus it
further differs by the red coloring of the lower margin of the first
joint of the antennas and by the hind femora of the £ which are
not ciliated ; from all three above named species it differs by the
plain fore tarsi of the £ .

14. D. nudus, n. sp. £ and £ . — Viridis, nitidus, coxis anticis pedi-

busque flavis, apice tibiarum posticarum subfusco, antennis prseter in- .

ferum articuli primi marginem tarsisque posticis nigris, ciliis oculorum

inferioribus tegularumque ciliis flavicantibus.
£ . Tarsis anticis elongatis tenuibus, articulo ultimo dilatato atro, femori-

bus posticis non ciliatis.
9 . Pedibus simplicibus, tarsis anticis inde ab articuli primi apice nigris.

Green, bright ; fore coxae and feet yellow ; tip of the hind tibiae brownish ;

hind tarsi black; lower margin of the first joint of the black antennae

red ; cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulse yellowish.
£ . Fore tarsi elongated, slender, their enlarged last joint black ; hind

femora not ciliated.
2 . Feet plain ; fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint blackened. Long.

corp. 0.21—0.22. -Long. al. 0.25.

Male. Metallic-green, bright. Front metallic-green. An-
tennae black ; the under side of the first joint yellowish-red ; third

42 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

joint rather blunt at the tip. Face ochre-yellow ; palpi yellow.
Cilia of the inferior orbit pale yellowish. Hypopygium black ;
lamellae of medium size, ovate, white, with a rather narrow black
border, on the apical margin jagged and fringed with black bristles.
Four posterior coxae blackish with yellow tip. Fore COXJE yellow,
only somewhat blackened at the extreme basis, beset upon the an-
terior side with delicate black hairs, which reach nearly to their
base. Feet pale yellow. Hind femora before the tip with a bris-
tle, upon the under side only with very short minute pale hairs.
Hind tibiae stout but not exactly thickened, upon the first half of
the hind side without hairs, at the extreme tip brownish. Fore
tarsi twice as long as the tibiaj ; their four first joints very thin,
yellow ; first joint nearly as long as the three following ones
together ; the third somewhat shorter than the second ; the fourth
hardly half as long as the third ; the fifth joint black, flattened,
broad, still not as large as in D. batillifer ; upon its upper margin
it is beset with appressed minute black hairs. Middle tarsi from
the tip of the first joint blackened ; hind tarsi entirely black. Cilia
of the tegulae yellowish-white. Wings hyaline ; near the tip of the
first longitudinal vein with a long but not very thick swelling,
which gradually merges into the costa ; fourth longitudinal vein
not broken.

Female. Wings and feet plain, fore tarsi from the tip of the
first joint blackened. All the rest as in the male.

Hob. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)
Observation. — The resemblance of the present species with D.
subciliatus is so great that, as both occur in the same region, I
was for a long time in doubt whether I should consider them as
two species. As the unfringed under side of the hind femora of
my two g of D. nudus does not seem to be rubbed off; as, in both
sexes, the first joint of the antennae is tinged with red on the under
side, and as there are some other 'differences besides (which will be
seen by the comparison of the descriptions of both species), I am
led to the conclusion that there is a specific difference between D.
nudus and D. subciliatus. It is very striking how closely allied
the species of some groups of North American Dolichopus are.

15. D. Sllbciliatlis, n. sp. £ . — Viridis, nitidus, coxis anticis pedi-
busque flavis, apice tibiarum posticarum subfusco, antennis tarsisque

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 43

posticis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegularumque ciliis flavican-

tibus.

. Tarsis anticis elongatis tenuibus, articulo ultimo dilatato atro, feruo-

ribus posticis rare flavo-ciliatis.

Green, shining ; fore coxse and feet yellow ; tip of the hind tibise brownish ;

antenuse and hind tarsi black ; cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulse

yellowish.
£ . Fore tarsi elongated, slender ; the enlarged last joint black ; the hind

femora sparsely ciliated with yellow.
£ ....... Long. corp. 0.21—0.22. Long. al. 0.25.

Metallic-green, bright. Front metallic-green. Antennae black ;
on the under side of the first joint I am not able to discover any
lighter coloring ; third joint rather blunt at the tip. Face gray-
ish-yellow, nearly ochre-yellow. Palpi yellow. Cilia of the in-
ferior orbit pale-yellowish. Hypopygium black ; lamella? of medium
size, ovate, white, with narrow black border, on the apical margin
somewhat jagged and fringed with black bristles. The four poste-
rior coxa? blackish with yellow tip. Fore coxa? yellow, only at
the extreme basis somewhat blackened, upon the anterior side
beset with very delicate black hairs, which do not reach to their
.-base. Feet pale yellow. Hind femora with a bristle before the
tip, upon the greater part of the under side sparsely ciliated with
moderately long yellowish hairs. Hind tibia? stout, but not
exactly thickened, not hairy upon the first half of the hind side ;
brownish at the extreme end. Fore tarsi twice as long, as the
tibia? ; their four first joints very slender, yellow ; the first joint
nearly as long as the three following ones together ; the third
somewhat shorter than the second ; the fourth hardly half as long
as the third ; the fifth joint black, flattened, broad, still not as large
as in D. batillifer ; upon its upper edge it is beset with appressed
minute black hairs. Middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint
blackened. Hind tarsi entirely black. Cilia of the tegula? yel-
lowish-white. Wings hyaline, somewhat grayish, at the tip of the
first longitudinal vein with a long but not very stout swelling,
which gradually merges into the costa ; fourth longitudinal vein
not broken.

Hob. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)
Observation. — The necessary data for the distinction of this
species from the foregoing, is contained in the description of the
latter.

44 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

16. D. splendidus LOEW. £ . — Aeneo-viridis, Isetissime cupreo mi-
cans, pedibus flavis, coxis anticis tibiisque posticis totis 'concoloribug,
antennis tarsisque posticis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegula-
rumque ciliis flavicantibus.

£ . Tarsis anticis modice elongatis, articulo ultimo dilatato atro, femoribus
posticis confertim flavido-ciliatis.

9

Metallic-green, with, a brilliant coppery-red reflection ; feet and fore coxae
yellow, hind tibiae not darker at the tip ; antennae and hind tarsi black ;
cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulae yellowish.

£ . Fore tarsi but moderately elongated ; the enlarged last joint black ;
hind femora closely ciliated with yellowish.

9 Long. corp. 0.24. Long. al. 0.23—0.24.

SYN. Dolichopus splendidus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 14, 9.

Bronze-green, with a brilliant coppery-red reflection, very
bright. Face pale-yellowish. Antennae entirely black ; the third
joint short-ovate. Front bright green with a coppery-red reflec-
tion. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale yellowish. Upper side of
the thorax with an almost purplish spot on each side before the
transverse suture. Lamellae of the hypopygium dingy whitish,
rather large and of an oval form, on the upper and apical margin
narrowly bordered with black, on the latter jagged and fringed
with black bristles. The four posterior coxse blackish, yellow only
at the extreme tip. Fore coxse entirely yellow, beset upon their
anterior side with rather minute black hairs, which do not reach
to their base. Feet yellow. Hind femora before the tip with a
bristle and upon the greater part of their under side closely
ciliated with very long yellowish hairs. Hind tibiae although
stout, but not exactly thickened, without hairs upon the anterior
half of the hind side. Fore tarsi not quite 1^ times the length of
the tibiae ; the four first joints yellow ; the first to the third stalk-like,
still not quite as slender as in the previous and in the three fol-
lowing species ; the fourth joint somewhat broader, particularly
towards its tip ; the first joint nearly as long as the three following
taken together, the third somewhat shorter than the second and
the fourth distinctly shorter than the third ; the fifth joint black, flat-
tened, broad, particularly towards its tip, still by far not as large as
in D. batillifer; upon its upper margin it is beset with appressed
minute black hairs. Middle tarsi blackened from the tip of the
first joint ; hind tarsi entirely black. Cilia of the tegulae whitish.
Wings hyaline, a little grayish, of a rather equal breadth; the

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 45

costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein with an elongated
but not very stout swelling; the fourth longitudinal vein not
broken.

Hob. Illinois.

Observation 1. — I believe I possess also the 9 of this species
in a single specimen, and would not doubt it at all if the tip of
the hind tibiae did not show a rather distinct brown coloring,
which is not perceptible in the g. All the other 'marks in the
9 are precisely as they might be expected in the 9 of the above
described <g . The fore tarsi are blackened from the tip of the
first joint.

Observation 2. — D. splendidus differs from D. subciliatus not
only by being much brighter, but particularly by the much less
perceptible lengthening of the fore tarsi and by the much longer
and much closer ciliation of the hind femora of the male.

17. D. Itmtillifer LOEW. $ and 9. — Aeneo-viridis, pedibus flavis,
coxis anticis tibiisque posticis totis concoloribus, antennis tarsisque
posticis nigris, horum basi flava, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegula-
rumque ciliis flavicantibus, maris ultimo tarsorum anticoruna articulo
admodum dilatato.

Metallic-green ; fore coxse and feet yellow ; the tip of the hind tibiae not
darker ; antennae and hind tarsi black, the latter at the base yellow ;
cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulaa yellowish ; the last joint of
the fore tarsi of the £ remarkably enlarged. Long. corp. 0.26. Long.
al. 0.25.

STN. Dolichopus batillifer LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 15, 10.

Metallic-green, bright. Face of the £ narrow, more light
ochre-yellowish than golden-yellow ; the face of the 9 broader and
yellowish-white. Antennae quite black, the lower corner of the
first joint only somewhat lighter ; the third joint short. Front
green, or bluish-green, bright. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellow-
-ish. The more bronze-colored middle line of the thorax often
hardly perceptible ; on each side before the transverse suture a
bronze-colored spot. Fore coxae yellow, upon the whole anterior
side with a black pubescence. Hind coxae only at the extreme tip
yellow. Hind femora with a bristle before the tip. Fore tarsi
black only at the tip. Middle tarsi blackened from the tip of the
first joint, still the base of the first and of the second joints is often
not quite black. The hind tarsi are of the |&me color. Cilia of

46 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the tegulfe yellowish. Wings grayish-hyaline ; the .fourth longi>
tudinal vein not broken.

Hale. Lamellae of the hypopygium whitish, of moderate size and
of a rather oval shape ; on the upper and apical margin they are
narrowly bordered with black ; on the latter very much jagged
and fringed with black bristles. Hind femora very closely ciliated
with yellow hairs on the middle of the under side. Fore tarsi
about l£ times the length of the tibiae ; their three first joints slender
and stalk-like, the first as long as the second and third taken
together ; the second about 1|- times the length of the third ; the
fourth joint somewhat more than half as long as the third and
somewhat broader ; upon the whole under side and upon the upper
side, excepting the tip, whitish ; the fifth joint somewhat longer
than the third and fourth taken together, flattened, extremely
broad, black with a silk-like reflection ; upon its outside this reflec-
tion takes a handsome silvery hue when viewed in a very ob-
lique direction. Hind tibia? considerably thickened, the greatest
thickness somewhat before the middle ; the anterior half of their
hind side without pubescence. The costa near the tip of the first
longitudinal vein with a rather elongated swelling.

Hob. West Point, N". Y. ; Illinois. (Osten-Sacken.) Con-
necticut. (Norton.)

IS. U. eildactylus LOEW. £ and 9 • — Aeneo-viridis, pedibus flavis,
coxis anticis tibiisque posticis totis concoloribus, antennis tarsisque
posticis nigris, horum basi flava, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegula-
ruinque ciliis flavicantibus, maris duobus ultimis tarsoruni auticorum
articulis dilatatis et femoribus posticis ciliatis.

Metallic-green ; fore coxae and feet yellow ; hind tibise not darker at the
tip ; the black hind tarsi with yellow root ; cilia of the inferior orbit
and of the tegulse yellowish ; the two last joints of the fore tarsi of the
% enlarged and the hind femora ciliated. Long. corp. 0.26. Long.
al. 0.25.

SYN. Dolichopus eudactylus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 16, 11.

Metallic-green, bright. Face of the g narrow, ochre-yellow-
ish ; the face of the 9 broader and yellowish-white. Antenna
entirely black, the lower corner of the first joint hardly somewhat
lighter ; third joint short. Front green, or bluish-green, bright.
Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish. The more bronze-colored
middle line of t^e thorax usually but little distinct ; on each side

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 47

before the suture a bronze-colored spot. Fore coxse yellow, upon
the anterior side with black pubescence. The four posterior coxge
yellow only at the extreme tip. Feet yellow ; hind femora with a
bristle before the tip. The color of the fore tarsi changes from
brown into black towards the tip ; middle tarsi blackened from
the tip of the first joint ; the hind tarsi are of the same color.
Cilia of the tegulse yellowish. Wings grayish-hyaline, the fourth
longitudinal vein not broken.

Male. The larnellre of the hypopygium whitish, of medium size
and of ah elongated, ovate shape, on the upper and apical margin
narrowly bordered with black, on the latter much jagged and fringed
with partly black, partly yellowish bristles. Hind femora upon
the under side sparsely ciliated with very long yellowish hairs.
Hind tibia? although somewhat stout, but not thickened ; the two-
thirds of their hind side from the base are without hairs. Fore
tarsi over 1^ times the length of the tibiae ; their three first joints
slender, stalk-like ; the second joint measures nearly three-fourths
of the length of the first, and the third more than three-fourths of
the length of the second ; the fourth joint is almost as long as the
third, flattened somewhat broader at the end, still even here not
half as broad as it is long, white, with a handsome silvery reflec-
tion ; upon its upper margin with hardly visible short minute
black hairs ; the fifth joint is hardly shorter than the fourth, flat-
tened, and somewhat broader than the previous one, black, beset
upon the upper margin with short appressed minute black hairs.
The costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein with a not
very considerable but quite distinct swelling ;" the margin of the
wing between the apex and the tip of the fifth longitudinal vein is
less rounded than usual, so that there is a trace of a shallow
sinus.

Hab. New York. (Osten-Sacken.) Mass. (Sanborn.)

19. I>. tonsils LOEW. £ and 9 . — Aeneo-viridis, pedibus flavis, coxis
anticis tibiisque posticis totis concoloribus, antennis tarsisque posticis
nigris, horum basi flava, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegularumque ciliis
flavicantibus, maris duobus ultimis tarsorum anticorum articulis dila-
tatis et femoribus posticis non ciliatis.

Metallic-green ; fore coxae and feet yellow, the hind tibiae not darker at
the tip ; antennse and hind tarsi black, the latter at the basis yellow ;
cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegtilse yellowish ; in the £ the two

48 DIPTERA Or NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

last joints of the fore tarsi enlarged, and the hind femora not ciliated.
Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.25.

SYN. Dolichopus tonsus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 16, 12.

Metallic-green, bright. Face of the J* narrow, more light
ochre-yellowish than golden-yellow ; the face of the 9 broader and
yellowish-white. Antenna? entirely black, the lower corner of the
first joint only lighter ; the third joint short. Front green, or
bluish-green, bright. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish. A
bronze-colored middle line of the thorax is not distinct ; on each
side before the transv.erse suture a bronze-colored spot. Fore
coxas yellow, upon the anterior side with rather delicate minute
black hairs, which gradually disappear towards their base. Hind
coxa? only at the extreme tip yellow. Feet yellow ; hind femora
with a bristle before the tip. The coloring of the fore tarsi in the
9 gradually changes towards the tip into brown and black ; mid-
dle and hind tarsi black from the tip4of the first joint, still the
base of the second joint yellow. Cilia of the tegula? yellowish.
Wings grayish-hyaline ; the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Hale. Lamellae of the hypopygium whitish, of medium size and
of an elongated ovate form, on the upper and apical margin nar-
rowly bordered with black, on the latter much jagged and fringed
with partly black, partly yellowish bristles. Hind femora not
ciliated upon the under side. Hind tibia? of ordinary stoutness ;
their whole hind side uniformly beset with minute black hairs.
The fore tarsi more than 1^ times the length of the tibise ; the three
first joints slender, stalk-like ; the second joint is equal to about
two-thirds of the length of the first, and the third to about three-
fourths of the length of the second ; the fourth joint is nearly as
long as the third, flattened, at the end somewhat broader, still
even here not half so broad as long, white, with a handsome sil-
very reflection ; upon its upper margin with hardly visible and
short minute black hairs ; the fifth joint as long as the fourth, flat-
tened, and somewhat broader than the previous one, black, beset
upon its upper margin with short and appressed minute black
hairs. Costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein without
swelling ; between the apex of the wing and the tip of the fifth
longitudinal vein the margin shows a shallow sinus.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sackeu.)

Observation. — The 9 of the three species described above are

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 49

very easy to confound. The characters by which they can be dis-
tinguished are as follows : 1. for D. batillifer 9 : The costa near
the tip of the first longitudinal vein with a slight trace of a swell-
ing, perceptible only to a very attentive observer ; this swelling is
rather elongated ; the apex of the wing somewhat broader than-Jn
the 9 of the two other species ; the fore coxae beset with rather
coarse minute black hairs reaching almost to the base. 2. for D.
eudactylus 9 : The costa near the tip of the first longitudinal
vein with a slight trace of a swelling, which has only a very trifling
extent in length ; the apex of the wing somewhat narrower than
in D. batillifer, but somewhat broader than in D. tonsus ; the
fore coxae covered with rather coarse minute black hairs reaching
till very near the base. 3. for D. tonsus 9 : The costa near the
tip of the first longitudinal vein without any trace of a swelling ;
the tip of the wing somewhat narrower than in the two other spe-
cies ; the black pubescence of the fore coxae more delicate and not
reaching as far towards the base as in the two latter species.
Whether the slight differences in the coloring of the tarsi, percepti-
ble in the specimens of these species compared by me, are sufficient
for their sure distinction, can only be decided by the examination
of a larger number of specimens.

2. Antennse altogether or for the most part yellowish-red.

2O. I>. tener LOEW. £ . — Viridis, facie ex flavo albida, antennis rufis,
oculorum ciliis inferioribus tegularumque ciliis albidis, pedibus pallide
flavis, ultimo tarsorum anticorum articulo maris modice dilatato, nigro.

Green ; face yellowish-white ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit and
of the tegulse whitish ; feet pale yellow ; the enlarged last joint of the
fore tarsi of the male black. Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Dolichopus tener LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 17, 13.

Green, bright. Face yellowish-white. Antennae yellowish-red,
the apical margin of the third joint blackened ; arista with a very
short but still perceptible pubescence. Front metallic-green,
bright. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Upper side of the
thorax not very bright. Lamellae of the hypopygium white,
rounded, slightly bordered with black, on the apical margin some-
what jagged and fringed with black bristles. Coxse whitish-yellow,
the middle ones upon the outside partly gray ; the fore ones have,
besides the black bristles near their tip, only a very short and deli-
4

50 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

cate white pubescence. Feet whitish-yellow ; hind femora before
the tip with a bristle, and upon the second half of their under side
ciliated with six to seven very long yellowish-white hairs. Fore
tibiae long and slender ; hind tibiae rather stout, but not thickened,
only at the base of the hind side somewhat glabrous. Fore tarsi
filiform, over If times the length of the tibiae ; the four first
joints pale-yellowish, their relative length about as 5 : 4 : 3 : 1£ ;
their fifth joint but little shorter than the fourth, somewhat flat-
tened, black, beset upon its upper side with rather appressed black
hairs. Middle and hind tarsi from the tip of the first joint brown-
ish. Cilia of the tegulae yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, rather
narrow ; the costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein with a
distinct swelling ; the third longitudinal vein not broken ; the hind
transverse vein perpendicular and straight.
Sab. Chicago. (Osten-Sacken.)

21. D. variaMlis LOEW. $ and $ . — Laete viridis, facie maris pal-
lide aurea, prope os albida, facie fceminse tot§, alba, antennis rufis, ocu-
lorum ciliis inferioribus albidis, tegularum ciliis flavicantibus, pedibus
flavis, alis cinereo-hyalinis.

Handsome green ; the face of the £ pale golden-yellow, whitish below ;
the face of the J white ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit whitish,
cilia of the tegulse yellowish ; feet yellow ; wings grayish-hyaline. Long,
corp. 0.19. Long. al. 0.19.

SYN. Dolichopus variabilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 17, 14.

Handsome green, bright. Face of the g more pale gold-colored
than ochre-yellowish, near the oral border whitish ; face of the ?
proportionally narrow, white. Antennas yellowish-red ; their third
joint short, ovate, generally red only at the base and on the under
side, otherwise brownish-black, sometimes brown only at the tip or
entirely reddish-yellow. Front bright green. Fore coxae yellow-
ish-white, beset, besides the black bristles near their tip, with very
delicate minute whitish hairs. Middle and hind coxae of the same
color, but colored with black upon the greater part of the outside.
Feet yellowish ; hind femora before the tip with a bristle, in the
J1 ciliated upon the under side with very long pale-yellowish
hairs. Fore tarsi of the $ about \\ times the length of the tibiae ;
those of the 9 hardly as long as the tibiae, blackened from the tip
of the first joint, plain also in the $. Middle tarsi of the same
color as the fore tarsi. Hind tibiae also in the £ not stout, but

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 51

upon their basal half on the inside glabrous. Hind tarsi usually
quite black ; sometimes their first joint, with the exception of the
tip, is only brownish or even yellowish ; more seldom the basis of
their second joint has also the same lighter coloring. Cilia of the
tegulse yellowish. Wings grayish hyaline, of rather equal breadth ;
the costa has in the £ near the tip of the first longitudinal vein a
slight swelling ; the fourth longitudinal vein is not broken ; some-
times the apical portion of the anterior part of the wings shows a
somewhat stronger grayish tinge.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — D. variabilis is more variable in the coloring of
the posterior tarsi than is usually the case with the species of the
genus Dolichopus. I have received a female as belonging to the
variety of D. variabilis, having light feet, which has the tegulae
ciliated with black, and differs besides from the other females un-
doubtedly belonging to D. variabilis, by the more clayish-yellow
color of its wings. I cannot take it for the 9 of the present spe-
cies. In the coloring of the wings and in several other characters it
approaches very much D. luteipennis, but as its hind tibiae are
without spots, it may perhaps not even belong to this species. I
possess also some other females which I can only distinguish from
the above described 9 of D. variabilis by their black ciliated tegulas.
It seems therefore that either the females vary in the coloring of
the cilia, or that we have here two exceedingly similar species.

22. D. luteipennis LOEW. £ . — Laete viridis, facie albida, antennis
rufis, oculorum ciliis inferioribus albidis, tegtilarum ciliis flavicantibus,
pedibus flavis, tarsis maris simplicibus, alls lutescentibus.

Handsome green ; face whitish ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit
whitish ; cilia of the tegulae yellowish ; feet yellow ; the fore tarsi of the
£ plain ; wings yellowish. Long. corp. 0.19. Long. al. 0.19.

SYN. Dolichopus luteipennis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 18, 15.

Handsome green, moderately bright. The color of the face
whitish, only upon its upper part somewhat more yellowish. An-
tennae yellowish-red ; their third joint short-ovate, perceptibly in-
fuscated at the tip. Front bright, green-blue. Cilia of the in-
ferior orbit whitish. Upper side of the thorax dusted, and hence
somewhat dull, with a rather distinct brassy -yellow middle line.
The pubescence of the abdomen is whitish, not only on the lateral

52 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

margin, as in the resembling species, but also upon the greater
part of the upper side. Lamellae of the hypopygiuni of ordinary
size, rounded-ovate, on the upper and apical margin narrowly bor-
dered with black, the latter jagged and fringed with black bristles.
Fore coxae yellowish-white, and except some black bristles near
their tip, beset with only very delicate minute whitish hairs. Mid-
dle and hind coxae of the same color, the former darker only at the
basis. Hind femora before the tip with a black bristle, upon the
under side ciliated with about 6 to T yellowish hairs ; hind tibiae
rather stout, but not thickened ; in veiy dark colored specimens
sometimes near the tip and also upon the fore and hind side with
a narrow brown streak ; upon their hind side only a short glabrous
stripe, which does not reach to their middle ; fore tarsi slender,
plain, about 1^ times the length of the tibiae ; only their last joint
black. Middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint brownish, to-

j

wards the end blackish-brown, in paler specimens generally but
moderately brownish. Hind tarsi generally entirely black, some-
times paler towards the end of the first joint or also at the basis
of the second joint ; in the palest specimens brownish only towards
the end. Cilia of the tegulte yellowish. Wings rather dis-
tinctly clayish-yellow ; veins clayish-yellow ; the fourth longitudi-
val vein not broken ; the costa near the tip of the first longitudi-
nal vein with a little swelling.

Hob. Washington. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — With regard to a female which may be taken
for that of the present species, the necessary remarks have been
made in the observation to the previous species. However un-
usual the inconstancy in the coloring of the tarsi of D. luteipennis
and of D. variabilis may be, I have no doubt that these varieties
do not represent different species. At least the most attentive ex-
amination of the specimens distinguished by the coloring of their
feet, did not lead to the discovery of the slightest difference in
the plastic characters in one as well as in the other species.

B. Cilia of the tegulse black.

1. Fourth, longitudinal vein broken.

a. Antennae black.

. D. ramifer LOEW. £ and 9 • — Obscure viridi-aeneus, thoracis
dorso aeneo-nigro, facie alba, autennis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 53

albidis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, alarum ven& longitudinal!
quarta appendiculata.

Dark bronze-green, upper side of the thorax bronze-black ; face white ; an-
tennae black ; cilia of the lower orbit whitish ; cilia of the tegulse yel-
lowish ; the fourth longitudinal vein with a stump of a vein. Long,
corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Dolichopus ramifer LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 19, 16.

Dark bronze-green, the upper side of the thorax more bronze-
black. Face of the g nearly as broad as that of the 9, in both
sexes white. Antennas black ; the lower corner of the first joint
colored somewhat lighter ; in the g the third joint is rather long
elliptic with a pointed tip, and the apparently bare arista inserted
quite near the tip ; in the 9 it is perceptibly shorter, and has a
less pointed tip, to which the arista is still more approximated.
Front bluish-black, very bright. Cilia of the inferior orbit
whitish. Upper side of the thorax bronze-black, or more dark
bronze-green. Abdomen somewhat coppery. Fore coxas dark
yellow, at the extreme basis somewhat blackened, beset upon the
fore side with short minute black hairs. Middle and hind coxag
blackish, dark yellow only at the tip. Feet dark yellow ; the fore
and middle tarsi from the tip of the second joint black ; the hind
tarsi, including the tip of the hind tibiae, black. The hind femora
somewhat broad, before the end with a bristle. Cilia of the tegulse
black. Wings hyaline-gray ; the fourth longitudinal vein broken,
so that its inferior angle is a right one and the superior is rounded,
the former is supplied with a rather long stump of a vein.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium white, rather small, round-
ish, at the upper and apical margin only with an extremely nar-
row dark border, on the latter but very little jagged and fringed
with black bristles. Hind femora very sparsely ciliated with
moderately long whitish-yellow hairs. Hind femora rather stout,
the greater part of their hind side glabrous. Costa with a small
swelling at the tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Hob. Nebraska. (Dr. Hayden.) Lake Winnipeg. (Kennicott.)
New Rochelle, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

b. Antennae yellowish-red.

24. I>. MfractllS LOEW. £ and 9- — Aeneo-viridis, thoracis dorso
pollinoso, opaco, abdomine cupreo-micante, facie albida, interdum ex
flavo cinerea, antennis runs, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, ciliis
tegularum nigris, alarum venS, longitudinal! quarta appendiculata.

54 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Bronze-green ; upper side of the thorax not very bright, dull ; abdomen
with a coppery-red reflection ; face whitish, sometimes more yellowish-
gray ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit whitish ; cilia of the tegulse
black ; the fourth longitudinal vein with a stump of a vein. Long.
corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Dolichopus bifractus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 19, 17.

Bronze-green, but little shining. Face whitish, in not recently
excluded specimens generally more yellowish-gray ; in the J* it is
not much narrower than in the 9 . Antennae red ; their third
joint ovate, somewhat broad ; at the point of insertion of the arista
it is somewhat swollen and blackened ; its apical half is often
brownish. Arista with a very short but distinct pubescence.
Front bronze-green, but opaque, on account of a very delicate light
brownish-gray dust. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Upon
the upper side of the thorax the ground color, although bronze-
green, is quite opaque, on account of a dense brownish-gray dust,
which in fresh, not denuded specimens, altogether conceals it.
Abdomen brighter metallic-green, in not recently excluded speci-
mens rather coppery. Coxae and feet yellow ; the middle coxae
up to the tip gray ; the front side of the fore coxse sparsely beset
with delicate minute black hairs, glabrous towards the basis.
Hind femora before the tip with a bristle. Fore tarsi brownish,
only the last joints really black. Middle tarsi from the tip of the
first joint blackish ; the extreme tip of the hind tibiae, including
the whole hind tarsi, black. Cilia of the tegulse- black. . Wings
with a rather dark grayish tinge ; on the anterior margin and along
the veins generally somewhat brownish ; the fourth longitudinal
vein broken twice at right angles ; both angles sharp ; as an ex-
ception, the upper one sometimes slightly rounded ; at the lower
angle there is generally a stump of a vein, whilst the upper one
for the most part has none.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium white, of moderate size,
rather rounded, on the upper and apical margin narrowly bor--
dered with black, on the latter somewhat jagged and fringed with
black bristles. Fore tarsi 1£ times the length of the tibiae ; first
joint somewhat longer than the second and third taken together ;
fourth and fifth joints black, somewhat flattened, the upper edge
of the fifth bearded with close black hairs. Hind tibiae plain,
their hind side not glabrous.

Hah. Chicago. (Osten-Sacken.) Nebraska. (Dr. Hayden.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 55

25. D. vittatus LOEW. % . — Aeneo viridis, thoracis linea media vit-
tisque lateralibus orichalceis, facie albida, antennis rufis, ciliis oculorum
inferioribus albidis, tegularum ciliis iiigris, pedibus flavis, tarsis maris
siinplicibus, alarum vena longitudinali quarta fracta et appendiculata.

Bronze green ; middle line and the two lateral stripes of the thorax brassy
yellow ; face whitish ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit whitish ;
cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yellow ; tarsi of the £ plain ; fourth
longitudinal vein broken and furnished with a stump. Long. corp.
0.26—0.27. Long. al. 0.25—0.26.

SYN. Dolicliopus vittatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 20, 18.

Bronze green, shining. Face rather broad for a g , whitish.
Antennae red,, apical half of the third joint somewhat infuscated ;
arista with a short, distinct pubescence. Front metallic green,
' or greenish-blue, shining. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish-
white. Upper side of the thorax green or blue, with a conspicu-
ous, almost golden-yellow or more copper-colored middle-line, and
with similar lateral stripes. Lamella of the hypopygium white,
of moderate size, narrow-ovate in shape, with a narrow black
margin on the upper and the apical edge ; the latter jagged and
fringed with black bristles. Coxa? and feet pale yellowish ; the
fore coxae are beset on their anterior and inner side with numerous,
on the outer side with very scarce, small, black hairs, besides the
white pubescence which clothes them; the middle coxse upon the
greater part of their outside blackish. Hind femora before their
end with a bristle. Hind tibiae of the ordinary size, upon their
hind side with a glabrous stripe, which extends beyond their second
third. Fore tarsi plain, only very little longer than the tibiae, from
the middle of the third joint black ; the middle and hind tarsi are
black from the tip of the first joint. Wings grayish-hyaline,
towards the fore margin somewhat more brown ; costa near the
tip of the first longitudinal vein with a very thick swelling ; fourth
longitudinal vein broken ; superior angle of the fracture rounded,
inferior one with only a short stump.
Hob. Chicago. (Osten-Sacken.)

26. D. cuprinus WIED. £ and 9- — Aeneo- viridis, thoracis linea
mediS, vittisque lateralibus orichalceis, facie ex flavo albida, anteunis
rufis, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegularum ciliis nigris, 'pedi-
bus flavis, tarsorum anticorum apice in mare dilatato, alls basim versus
non angustatis, ven& longitudinali quarta fracta.

56 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Metallic green, middle line and lateral stripes of the thorax brassy yellow ;
face yellowish-white ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit whitish,
cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yellow ; tip of the fore tarsi of the £ en-
larged ; wings towards the base not narrowed ; fourth longitudinal vein
broken. Long. corp. 0.25 — 0.26. Long. al. 0.24.

SYN. Dolichopus cupreus SAY, Journ. Ac. Philad. Ill, 86, 9.

Dolichopus cuprinus WIEDEMANN, Zweifl. II, 230, 1. — WALKEK, List III,
660.— LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 20, 19.

Metallic green, saining. Face whitish, with a more or less yel-
lowish tinge, particularly that of the J\ which is considerably
narrower than that of the 9 . Antennae yellowish-red, the apical
half of the third joint often infuscated. Arista with short but
distinct pubescence. Front shining, bluish-green. Cilia of the
inferior orbit whitish-yellow. Upper side of the thorax green,
often bluish-green, seldom blue, with a conspicuous yellow brass-
colored, sometimes copper-colored middle line and with similar
lateral stripes. Abdomen usually more bronze-green or coppery.
Coxse and feet pale yellowish ; fore coxae only on the inner margin
of their anterior side with sparse minute black hairs, which are
more distinct in the 9 than in the J* ; middle coxoa upon the
greater part of their outside, blackish. Hind femora with a bris-
tle before the tip. Fore tarsi from about the middle of the third,
middle and hind ones from the tip of the first joint, blackened.
Cilia of the tegulas black. Wings tinged with gray, towards the
fore margin more grayish-brown, not more narrowed than usual
towards the base ; the fourth longitudinal vein broken, so that its
inferior angle is a sharp right one and the superior is rounded ;
the former is supplied with a short stump of a vein.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium of moderate size and of
elongated-ovate form, white, narrowly bordered with black on the
upper and apical margin ; the latter jagged and beset with black
bristles. Hind femora upon the second half of their under side
sparsely ciliated with very long yellowish hairs. Hind tibiae not
thickened, upon their hind side with a glabrous stripe extending
beyond the middle. Fore tarsi not one and a half times the length
of the tibiae, two first joints stalk-like ; first joint nearly one and a
half times the length of the second ; three last joints slightly flat-
tened1, third joint upon its upper side very densely fringed with
longer, the fourth with somewhat shorter black hairs ; the three

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 57

last joints of the tarsi are about as long as the second ; the two
last ones as long as the third.

Hob. Middle States.' (Osten-Sacken.) Nebraska. (Dr. Hayden.)
Observation. — The determination of this species, the most
common in the Middle States, is not doubtful when we compare
the descriptions of Say and Wiedemann, which serve to complete
each other. The 9 is easily distinguished from that of D. longi-
pennis by its less narrowed basis of the wings. Its distinction
from the as yet unknown 9 of D. vittatus must be very difficult,
unless perhaps the proportional length of their feet affords an avail-
able mark of distinction. Two males measuring only 0.23 in
length resemble in all plastic characters the £ of D. cuprinus so
much that I take them merely for a large variety. A single, un-
fortunately not well-preserved <f, distinguished by a somewhat
larger size, may perhaps constitute a particular species, as the
fourth longitudinal- vein is less broken, and the three last joints of
the fore tarsi are a little broader. It would not be safe, however,
to decide upon a single specimen.

. D. loiigipennis LOEW. £ and $ . — Aeneo-viridis, thoracis linea
mediS, vittisque lateralibus oriclialceis plerumque subobsoletis, facie ex
flavo albida, antennis rufis, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegularum
ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, maris tarsorum anticormn apice dilatato et
alls basim versus .valde angustatis.

Metallic green ; middle line and lateral stripes of the thorax of a brassy-
yellow color, however, mostly indistinct ; face yellowish-white ; anten-
nae red ; cilia of the inferior orbit whitish ; cilia of the tegulae black ;
feet yellow ; the tip of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged and its wings
very much narrowed towards the basis. Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al.
0.26—0.27.

STN. Dolichopus longipennis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 21, 20.

Bronze green, shining. Face white, often more or less yellow-
ish. Antennae red, the second half of the third joint sometimes
infuscated. Arista with a rather short but very distinct pubescence.
Front shining, green or blue. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish-
yellow. Upper side of the thorax with a brass-colored middle line
and similar lateral stripes, which, however, are less distinct than
in the two previous species. Abdomen often very coppery, par-
ticularly upon its posterior half. Coxse and feet pale yellowish ;
fore coxae only on the inner margin of their anterior side with a

58 DIPTEEA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

few indistinct minute black hairs ; middle coxae upon the greater
part of their outside grayish. Hind femora before the tip with a
bristle. Fore tarsi blackened from the middle of the third joint ;
middle and hind tarsi iufuscated from the tip of the first joint,
and towards their end gradually colored with black. Tegul^e
with black cilia. Wings tinged with gray, towards the fore mar-
gin more yellowish-brown, towards the basis narrower than in the
related species ; the fourth longitudinal vein not so much broken
as in the two previous species, the lower angle of the fracture
generally without stump, yet sometimes with a very short one.

Male. — Lamellae of the hypopygium of moderate size and of an
elongated ovate form, on the upper and apical ^nargin bordered
with black ; the latter one very much jagged and fringed with
black bristles. Hind femora not ciliated. Hind tibias not thick-
ened, hairy upon their entire hind side. Fore tarsi somewhat
longer than the tibia? ; two first joints stalk-lite, the first hardly
one and a quarter the length of the second ; the three last joints
taken together hardly longer than half the second joint, but very
little flattened, tinged with black beyond the middle of the third
joint ; the third joint upon its upper edge densely fringed with
longer, the fourth with somewhat shorter, black hairs. Wings of
a remarkable length, unusually narrow near the basis ; still their
rounded anal angle projecting almost in the shape of a lobe ; the
costa near the tip of the first longitudinal vein 'with a but slight
swelling.

Hob. Middle States; Washington, D. C. (abundant in June;
Osten-Sacken) ; Chicago (id.). /

Observation. — I am in possession of a 9 which was communi-
cated to me as that of the present species, but which I consider
as that of D. scapularis. As D. longipennis sometimes occurs
without distinct fracture on the fourth longitudinal vein, so it
happens, on the contrary, that in some specimens of D. scapularis
the fourth longitudinal vein is somewhat broken ; they are how-
ever easily distinguished from D. longipennis by the pale color-
ing of their humeral callosities. The latter differs besides from
the females of all related species by its wings, which are somewhat
narrowed at the basis.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 59

2. Fourth longitxidinal vein not broken.

a. Antennae red, at the utmost the third joint at the tip or almost

entirely black.

a. Humeral callosities of the same color with the thorax.

28. J>. hastatus, nov. sp. £ and f. — Viridis, antenuis rufis, arti-
culo tertio ex parte nigro, ciliis oculorum inferioribus flavis, tegularum
ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, tibiis intermediis maris ante apicern per-
spicue, foeminse obsoletissime albido-notatis, tarsis intermediis maris
apicem versus compressis, foeminae subconipressis, alarum vena longi-
tudinal! quarta non fracta.

Green ; antennae red ; third joint partly black ; cilia of the inferior orbit
yellow, cilia of the tegulse black ', feet yellow ; middle tibiae before the
tip with a white spot, which is very distinct in the $, , and indistinct
in the 9 ; middle tarsi strongly flattened towards the tip in the £ , and
more slightly in the J ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken. Long,
corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.22—0.23.

This species, distinguished by many peculiar marks, resembles
in the structure of the £ arista D. Sagittarius Loew, from Sibe-
ria. Bronze-green, shining. Face of the <£ narrow and brassy-
yellow ; the face of the 9 is much broader, and has a grayish-yel-
low tinge. Palpi yellow, in the 9 towards the basis blackish.
Antennae reddish-yellow ; their third joint short and rather
rounded ; its apical half black or brown ; the arista of the 9 is
plain and rather stout ; that of the £ is longer and more slender,
enlarged at the tip into the shape of a lancet-like lamel pointed on
both sides, the tip of which has a dingy-whitish coloring. Front
shining bluish-green. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellow. Fore
coxae yellow, upon the anterior side with a delicate black pubes-
cence. Middle and hind coxae grayish-black, only the extreme
tip and the trochanter yellow. Feet yellow. Hind femora before
the tip with a bristle. Middle tibise with black tip, and before it,
in the J1 , upon the upper side with a whitish spot, of which there
is hardly a trace in the 9 . Hind tibiae at the tip blackish-brown,
in the £ upon the hind side with a narrow, linear, hardly distinct
glabrous stripe. The tarsi have the tip of the first joint, the four
following joints, and besides, the base of the first joint of the mid-
dle tarsi, black ; the three last joints of the middle tarsi of the £
are distinctly, although not very strongly, flattened ; this is also
the case in the 9 , but less perceptibly so ; this part of the
middle tarsi viewed from the side seems distinctly stouter than

60 DIPTERA OP NOETH AMERICA. [PART II.

when it is seen from above or below. The first joint of the hind
tarsi with only two thorn-like bristles. Cilia of the tegulaa black.
Wings grayish-hyaline ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein is inflected before its middle but not broken. The wings of
the J* are somewhat narrower than those of the 9 , and have be-
fore the anal. angle a very remarkable large bisinuated excision,
so that the angle assumes the shape of an independent lobe-like
appendage. Lamella? of the hypopygium of moderate size,
rounded-ovate, whitish, with a rather broad black border, on the
upper and apical margin jagged and fringed with black bristles.
Nab. Sdtka. (Sahlberg.)

29. D. pllimipes SCOP. $ and ?. — Viridis, humeris concoloribus,
antennis rufis, articulo tertio prseter basim nigro, facie aurea, ciliis ocu-
lorum inferioribus flavis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, articulo
tarsorum intermediorum primo maris setulis nigris pennato, alarum
vena longitudinal! quarta non fracta.

Green, including the humeral callosity ; third joint of the red antennae
with the exception of its basis, black ; face golden-yellow ; cilia of the
inferior orbit yellow ; cilia of the tegulae black ; feet yellow ; first joint
of the middle tarsi of the £ feathered with black bristles ; fourth lon-
gitudinal vein not broken. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.16. Long. al. 0.18.

SYN. Musca plumipes SCOPOLI, Ent. Cam. 334, 895.

Dolichopus pennitarsis, FALLEN, Dolich. 11, 16. — MEIGEN, Zweifl. IV,
90, 29.— MACQUART, Suites, I, 446, 34.— STANNIUS, Isis, 1831, 63, 14.
ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lapp., 709, 9. — STAEGER, Kroyer's Tidsskr. 30,
21. — ZETTERSTEDT, Dipt. Scand. II, 541, 35.
Dolichopus plumipes WALKER, Dipt. Brit. I, 162, 16.

Metallic-green, sometimes somewhat coppery. Antennae yel-
lowish-red, third joint, excepting its basis, blackened ; that of the
g ovate, with a rather sharp angle at the end ; that of the 9
shorter. Front metallic-green. The face reaches lower here than
in most other species of Dolichopus ; that of the g is rather nar-
row and golden-yellowish ; that of the 9 is broad and pale-gray-
ish, dusted with whitish-yellow. Palpi yellow. Cilia of the in-
ferior orbit yellow. Fore coxae yellow, with a black pubescence
anteriorly ; middle and hind coxae blackish, the extreme tip and
the trochanter yellow. Feet yellow. Hind femora with a bristle
before the tip. The middle tibiae are but slightly infuscated near
the tip ; the tip of the hind tibiae is somewhat blackish, this color
occupying but a narrow extent. Fore and hind tibiae plain in

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 61

both sexes ; the middle tibiae only in the <? ; in the J1 they are
remarkably slender, only somewhat stouter at the basis and near
the tip ; on the upper side with a blackish-brown longitudinal
line, which reaches from the incrassation at the base to that at the
tip ; they show besides, just before the apical incrassation, a small
whitish, not always distinct, crossbaud. Fore and hind tarsi plain
in both sexes ; the former from the tip of the first joint, the latter
altogether, black ; middle tarsi also altogether black, plain in the
9 ; their first joint in the £ is somewhat incrassated and densely
ciliated on both sides with obliquely inserted black bristles. Cilia
of the tegulaB black. Wings grayish-hyaline ; fourth longitudinal
vein not broken ; in the $ they have the usual shape ; in the J1
the hind margin has a sinuated excision before the anal angle.
The yellowish-white lamellae of the hypopygium are of moderate
size, elongated-ovate, narrowly bordered with black, fringed with
black bristles along the upper and apical edge ; the latter is some-
what jagged.

Hob. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

Observation. — I have been able to compare a considerable num-
ber of North American specimens of this species, and do not find
any difference between them and the European ones. At first it
appeared to me that the arista of the former ones was perceptibly
stouter than that of the latter. A more close examination showed,
however, that this difference was merely illusory and produced by
some dust on the American specimens in my possession. The
appendages of the hypopygium of the North American specimens
are likewise precisely similar to those of the European ones.

3O. D. f ulvipes LOEW. % . — Viridis, nitidus, facie aurea, antennis
fulvis, articulo tertio praeter basim nigro, ciliis oculorum inferioribus
fiavis, tegularum ciliis nigris, cosis anticis pedibusque fulvis ; tibiarum
interniediaruni apice albo ; tarsis intermediis simplicibus.

Green, shining ; face golden-yellow ; antennae dark yellow, third joint, ex-
cept its basis, black ; cilia of the inferior orbit yellow ; cilia of the tegulse
black ; fore coxae and feet dark yellow, tip of the middle tibiae white ;
middle tarsi plain. Long. corp. 0.23. Long. al. 0.24.

STN. DolichopusJ ulvipes LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeit. VI, 512, 61.

Metallic-green, shining. Face golden-yellow, rather narrow.
Antennae saturate dark yellow ; third joint elliptical, not rounded
at tip, black, with yellow basis. Front metallic-green. Cilia of

62 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the inferior orbit yellow. Lamellae of the hypopygium rather
small, ovate, whitish, with a narrow black border, jagged at the
tip and with black bristles round the edge. Fore coxas saturate
dark yellow, with black hairs ; the four posterior coxa? blackish
with a dark yellow tip ; the rather stout feet also dark yellow ;
hind femora with a bristle before the tip ; the middle tibias have
at the tip, on the upper side, a whitish, distinctly swollen spot,
which is bare of any hairs or bristles ; upper side of the hind tibiae
with numerous bristles ; there is no glabrous spot on their hind
side. Tarsi plain ; the four anterior ones are blackened from
the tip of the first joint ; the base of the second, sometimes also of
the third joint, remain however pale ; the hind tarsi are altogether
black. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings grayish-hyaline, with
a wide sinus on the hind margin, before the anal angle ; costa
hardly thickened near the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; the
last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein considerably inflected
about the middle, without being broken.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.) White Mountains, N. H. (Osten-
Sacken.)

31. I>. sexarticulatlis, n. sp. £. — Aureo-viridis, nitidus, anten-
nis rufis, ciliis ooulorum inferioribus flavicantibus, ciliis tegularum
nigris, coxis omnibus pedibusque flavis, tarsis posterioribus iride ab
articuli primi apice ex fusco nigris, alarum vena longitudinal! quarts,
non fracta.

£ . Hypopygii apice flavo, lamellis albis late nigro-limbatis, tarsorum an-
ticorum articulis tribus primis elougatis, flavis, articulis ultiinis duobus
brevibus compressis, paenultimo toto atro, ultimo in basi atro, in apice
niveo et appendicula lamellifornii, cum articulo ipso concolore, instructo.

9

Gold-green, shining ; antennae red, cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish, on
the tegulas black; all coxae and feet yellow, the middle and hind tarsi
from the tip of the first joint brownish-black ; the fourth longitudinal
vein not broken.

$ . Tip of the hypopygium yellow, lamellae white with a broad black
border ; the three first joints of the fore tarsi elongated, yellow, the two
last ones short and broadly flattened ; the penultimate entirely black ;
the 'last one black at the basis, snow-white at the tip, provided with a
lamelliforrn appendage of the same color with this joint.

9 Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.22.

Golden-green, rather shining, still the thorax rather distinctly
dusted with ochre-yellow ; front steel-blue ; scutellum greenish-

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 63

blue. Antennae yellowish-red, the short third joint more brown-
ish-red. The narrow face ochre-yellow. Cilia of the inferior
orbit pale yellowish. Cilia of the tegulas black. Hypopygium
of moderate size, the basal half metallic-green or green-blue, the
apical half yellow ; the lamellae rather large and broad, with a
rather broad black border, fringed with black on the upper mar-
gin only ; jagged as usual, on the apical margin and beset with
crooked black bristles. Fore coxas entirely yellow, with a delicate
and short pubescence ; near the tip with black bristles. Middle
and hind coxae of the same color, still the former more or less
blackish at the basis. Femora and tibia? yellow ; hind femora
upon the front side before the tip with a stout bristle ; all femora
glabrous upon their underside. Fore and middle tibiae plain,
rather slender, moderately bristled. Hind tibiae very stout,
thickened upon the basal half and with a large glabrous spot
upon their hind side. Fore tarsi slender and nearly twice as long
as the tibiae ; the elongated, but plain, three first joints yellow, of
much decreasing length, the fourth joint deep black, short, broadly
flattened, triangular ; the fifth joint of the same shape, hardly some-
what longer than the fourth, deep black at the basis, snow-white
at the broad tip ; the ungues, pulvilli and empodium inserted at
its lower end are of the ordinary structure ; at the upper end there
is a distinct elliptical laruel, which, like the joint itself, is deep
black at the basis, and snow-white at the tip. Wings grayish-
hyaline, rather narrow towards the basis ; near the tip of the first
longitudinal vein there is but a slight trace of a swelling of the
costa ; the latter, however, is rather stout from this point to the
tip of the wing ; .the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein
is only moderately inflected upon its middle.
Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

32. D. ruficornis LOEW. £ . — Viridis, humeris concoloribus, anten-
nis rufis, oculorum ciliis inferioribus albis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedi-
bus flavis, articulo tarsorum antieorum ultimo dilatato, alarum vena
longitudinal! quarta non fracta.

Green, including the humeral callosities ; antennae red ; cilia of the inferior
orbit white ; cilia of the tegulae black ; feet yellow ; last joint of the fore
tarsi enlarged ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken. Long. corp. 0.19.
Long. al. 0.18.

SYN. Dolichopus ruficornis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 21, 21.

64 DIPTERA Or NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Green, rather shining. Antennae red ; third joint somewhat
longer than the two first taken together, of rather equal breadth ;
arista distinctly pubescent. Front bright bluish-green. Cilia
of the inferior orbit whitish. Humeri of the same color as the
remainder of the upper surface of the thorax. Upper side of the
abdomen more golden green ; the whitish pubescence on its sides
occupies more space than usual. Lamellae of the hypopygium of
the ordinary size and rather rounded in shape, white, with a rather
narrow black border along the upper and apical edge ; the latter
jagged and fringed with black bristles. Coxse and feet pale yel-
lowish ; anterior side of the fore coxae only with a very delicate
whitish pubescence ; middle coxae with a blackish spot on their
outside. Hind femora with a bristle before the tip and sparsely
ciliated with long yellowish-white hairs on the latter half of their
under side. Hind tibise of ordinary thickness, on their hind side
only with a very short glabrous stripe near the basis. Fore tarsi
more than once and a half the length of the tibia?, slender ; the four
first joints stalk-like, yellowish ; the two first joints, taken together,
are somewhat longer than the tibia ; the joints diminishing in
length and stoutness from the first to the third ; the fourth joint
is equal to about one-third of the length of the third and is only
slightly stouter than the latter ; the fifth joint is black, as long as
the fourth, somewhat flattened and bearded on its upper side with
dense, somgwhat incumbent, short, black hairs. Wings rather
yellowish-gray, somewhat narrowed near the basis ; the fourth
longitudinal vein not broken ; costa only slightly thickened at the
tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — If in determining a female specimen, this' species
is hit upon, and if its wings, instead of being yellowish gray, are
distinctly gray, then it will be necessary to compare what has
been said about such females in the observation to the twenty-
first species.

#. Humeral callosity yellowish.

33. D. scapularis LOEW. ^ and 9 • — Viridis, humeris flavis, facie
albida, antennis rufis, oculorum ciliis inferioribus albidis, eiliis tegula-
rum nigris, pedibus flavis, tarsis maris simplicibus, alarum vena longi-
tudinal! quarta non fracta.

Green with yellowish humeri ; face whitish ; antennae red ; cilia of the

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 65

inferior orbit whitish. ; cilia of the tegulse- black; feet yellow; tarsi of
the £ plain; fourth longitudinal vein not broken. Long. corp. 0.25 —
0.26. Long. al. 0.25—0.26.
SYN. Dolichopus scapularis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 22, 22.

Bright-green or bluish-green, the abdomen more golden-green,
especially towards its tip, sometimes rather coppery. Face whitish,
in the J* generally somewhat yellowish upon the upper half.
Front shining, generally bluish-green, seldom green or blue.
Antennae yellowish-red ; third joint short-ovate ; generally slightly
infuscated at the tip ; arista distinctly pubescent. Cilia of the
inferior orbit yellowish-white. Humeral callosity yellowish. The
callosity between the root of the wing and the scutellum and
generally also the margin of the latter are of the same color.
Coxae and feet pale yellowish ; the front side of the fore coxae is
beset with delicate whitish hairs ; there are some short minute
black hairs on their inner side only, which however are not always
easily discernible in the g . Middle coxae upon their outside with
an elongated blackish spot. Hind femora with a bristle before
the tip. The two last joints of the fore tarsi of the ? are black-
ish-brown, still the brown color often begins already before the tip
of the third joint and the tips of the first and second joints are
also often somewhat infuscated ; in pale-colored specimens the
coloring of the middle and hind tarsi is the same, whilst in darker
ones the distinct brown color begins already in the middle of the
first joint. Cilia of the tegnlae black. "Wings grayish, towards
the fore margin somewhat yellowish-brown ; fourth longitudinal
vein not broken, still the inferior angle of the flexure is some-
times not rounded.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium of moderate size, rather
rounded, on the upper and apical margin with a rather broad black
border, on the latter, jagged and fringed with black bristles. Hind
femora upon the second half of their under side ciliated with
moderately long yellowish hairs. Hind tibiae of the usual thick-
ness, upon the hind side with a glabrous stripe, which reaches
nearly to their middle. Fore tarsi somewhat over once and a quarter
the length of the tibiae, their joints decreasing in length, the last
one somewhat more pale at the tip. Costa near the tip of the
first longitudinal vein with a very slight swelling.

Hob. — Middle States ; District Columbia (in June ; Osten-
Sacken); Illinois.
5

66 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

34. D. fimditor LOEW. £ and J . Viridis, liumeris flavis, facie
albida, antennis rufis, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegularum
ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, tarsorum anticoruin articulis duobus ultimis
in mare dilatatis, alarum venS, longitudinali quarta non fracta.

Green, with yellowish humeri ; face whitish ; antennae red ; cilia of the
inferior orbit whitish ; cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yellow, the two
last joints of the fore tarsi of the £ enlarged ; fourth longitudinal vein
not broken. Long. corp. 0.25. Long. al. 0.25.

STN. Dolichopus funditor LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 22, 23.

Bright green or blue-green, the abdomen more golden-green,
especially towards its end, sometimes rather coppery. Face
whitish, in the g generally somewhat yellowish upon the upper
half. Front shining, generally blue-green, seldom blue or green.
Antennae yellowish-red ; third joint short-ovate, generally slightly
infuscated at the tip ; arista with a distinct pubescence. Cilia of
the inferior orbit yellowish-white. Humeral callosity yellowish.
The callosity between the root of the wing and the scutellum is
usually of the same color and generally also the margin of the
latter. Coxae and feet pale yellowish ; the front side of the fore
coxae is beset with delicate white hairs ; on their inner side there
are also some short black hairs, which however are not always
distinct in the g . Middle coxae with an elongated blackish spot
upon their outside. Hind femora with a bristle before the tip ;
two last joints of the fore tarsi black-brown in the 9, still this
brown color often begins before the tip of the third joint and the
tip of the first and second joint also are usually somewhat infus-
cated; pale colored "specimens have the same coloring on the
middle and hind tarsi, whilst in darker specimens a distinct iiifus-
cation already begins in the middle of the first joint. Wings
grayish, somewhat more yellowish-brown towards the fore margin ;
fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium of medium size, rather
rounded, white, on the upper and apical margin with a narrow black
border, on the latter jagged and fringed with black bristles. Hind
femora upon the second half of the under side ciliated with not
very long yellowish hairs. Hind tibiae somewhat more slender
than in the g of the previous species, upon their hind side with
a glabrous stripe extending beyond their middle. Fore tarsi once
and a quarter the length of the tibiae ; the three first joints of
moderate size and of decreasing length ; fourth joint flattened,

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 67

black, on its upper edge fringed with close black hairs ; the fifth
joint still more flattened, ovate, snow-white, upon its upper side
with very short and fine minute snow-white hairs. The costa at
the tip of the first longitudinal vein only with an insignificant
swelling

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — Of this and of the preceding species I possess
so many specimens taken together that I can entertain no doubt
about having the ? of both before me. Unfortunately I found it
impossible as yet to discover any reliable character to distinguish
these females.

&.' Antennae black, at the utmost the greater part of the first joint red.

35. D. chrysostomus LOEW. £. — Viridis, facie aurea, antennis
nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedi-
bus flavis, tarsis maris simplicibus.

Green ; face golden-yellow ; antennas black ; cilia of the inferior orbit
whitish ; cilia of the tegnlse black ; feet yellow ; tarsi of the $ plain.
Long. corp. 0.18. Long. al. 0.17.

STN. Dolichopus chrysostomus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 23, 24.

Green, shining. Face narrow, dark golden yellow. Antennae
altogether black ; third joint elongated-ovate with a pointed tip ;
arista rather slender with a somewhat imperceptible pubescence.
Front shining blue-green. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish.
Upper side of the thorax but little dusted ; on each side, at the
transverse suture, with a coppery-brown spot. Abdomen with
rather apparent dark incisures, which, in fully colored specimens,
are margined with coppery-red. The lamellae of the hypopygium
are large, rounded, yellowish-white, with a not very narrow black
border on the upper and the apical edges ; the latter is jagged
and fringed with black bristles. Fore coxae yellow, somewhat
blackened only at the base, clothed anteriorly with short black
hairs, middle and hind coxae blackish, their extreme tip only yel-
low. Feet yellow. The hind femora with a bristle before the tip
and with short yellowish hairs on the underside, although not
ciliated with them in the true sense of the word. Hind tibiae not
stout ; their posterior side without glabrous stripe. Fore tarsi
plain, but little longer than the tibiae, gradually infuscated towards
the tip. Middle and hind tarsi infuscated from the tip of the first
joint ; however the second and third joints of the middle and the

68 DIPTEKA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

second joint of the hind tarsi, except its tip, are still rather pale.
Tegulae with black cilia. Wings tinged with gray ; more brown-
ish-gray along the anterior border ; costa with a hardly perceptible
thickening at the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; fourth longi-
tudinal vein not broken.

Hob. Washington, D. C. (Osten-Sacken.)

36. lJ. praeustus LOEW. £ . — Aeneo-viridis, nitens, facie ex cinereo
ochracea, antennis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegularura
ciliis nigris, pedibus testaceis, litura femorum anteriorum, femorura
posticorum apice, tarsis anterioribus inde ab articuli primi apice, tarsis
posticis totis cum tibiarum posticarum apice nigris, alarum ex cinereo
hyalinarum apice nigro. *

Bronze-green, shining; face grayish ochre-yellow; antennae black; cilia
of the inferior orbit whitish ; cilia of the tegulse black ; feet luteous-
yellowish ; a stripe on the fore-femora, the tip of the hind femora, the
four anterior tarsi from the tip of the first joint, and the hind tarsi
altogether, as well as the tip of the hind tibiae, black ; the tip of the
grayish-hyaline wings black. Long. corp. 0.21. Long. al. 0.21.

STN. Dolichopus prseustus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, 212, 62.

Bronze-green, shining. Face grayish-yellow. Antennae alto-
gether black ; their third joint short. Front metallic green, some-
what dusted and therefore but little shining. Occipital bristles
very long. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Last segments of
the abdomen generally somewhat colored with coppery. Lamellae
of tH*e hypopygium of medium size only, broad, with very rounded
upper border, white, bordered with black, bristly along the upper
and apical edge ; the latter somewhat jagged. Coxae blackish,
their tip brownish-yellow ; the fore coxae with a grayish-white dust
and hairy with black. Feet brownish-yellow ; the fore femora on
the under side with a brownish-black longitudinal stripe ; the hind
femora before the tip with a black bristle and tinged with black
on the upper side of the tip ; the delicate hairs on their under side
are somewhat longer than in many other species, although they
cannot be called cilia. The hind tibiaa are blackened towards
the tip, and have, towards the end of the upper side, a rather dis-
tinct dimple or impression ; their hind side has no glabrous stripe.
Tarsi plain, the four anterior ones from the tip of the first joint,
the two hind ones altogether black. Cilia of the tegulae black.
Wings grayish hyaline, the extreme tip of the wing black ; the

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES. 69

third longitudinal vein is somewhat directed backwards towards
its end, so that its tip is nearer to the tip of the fourth vein than
is usual in other species ; the last portion of the fourth longitudi-
nal vein is almost straight ; on the spot where its usual flexure is
situated, the surface of the wing is distinctly convex ; costa but
indistinctly thickened at the tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Hob. Illinois ; (Le Baron. )

Observation. — It is to be presumed, judging from the analogy
of similar European species, that the 9 of D. praeustus has no
black spot at the tip of the wing.

31?. D. comatus LOEW. £ and 9 • — Viridis, facie Candida, antennis
nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedibus
flavis, feinoruni posticorum apice superne nigro, alarum vena longitu-
dinal! quart§, non facta.

Green, face snow-white, antennae black ; cilia of the inferior orbit white ;
cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yellow, the tip of the hind femora black
above ; the fourth longitudinal vein of the wings not broken. Long,
corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.16.

SYN. Dolichopus comatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 23, 25.

Green or bronze-green, shining. Face snow-white, that of the
9 rather broad. Antennae altogether black, the third joint short-
ovate ; arista with an almost imperceptible pubescence ; cilia of
the inferior orbit white. Front shining green. Abdomen with
distinct dark incisures. Fore coxae yellow, blackened only at their
very base ; in the % their inner side and their tip only, in the 9
almost the whole anterior side is beset with small blackish hairs.
Middle and hind coxae blackish, their very tip only yellow. Feet
yellow ; the hind coxae with a bristle before the tip and tinged
with brownish-black on the upper side of their tip. Hind tibiae
slender, their tip black. Fore and middle tarsi black from the tip
of the first joint ; hind tarsi altogether black. Cilia of the tegulae
bback. "Wings tinged with gray; fourth longitudinal vein not
broken.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygiurn hardly medium-sized, ovate,
whitish, on their apical edge with a vestige only of a narrow black
border and very little- jagged, ciliated with hairs, most of which are
pale. Hind tibiae on their hind side without any bare stripe.
First joint of the fore tarsi a little longer than the four following
ones taken together ; the latter are deep black and somewhat flat-

70 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

teuecl. The bristles on the outer side of the middle tibiae are very
prolonged and become very slender towards their tip. The first
joint of the middle tarsi is of considerable length, ciliated on its
upper side with about nine or ten very long, bristle-like black hairs.
Hob. Pennsylvania; Maryland; District Columbia. (Osten-
Sacken.)

3§. D. scoparilis, nov. sp. •£>. — Viridis, facie Candida, antennis
nigris, articulo priino infra rufo, ciliis oculorum inferioribus pallidis, ciliis
tegularum nigris, pedibus flavis, tarsis ex parte nigris, articulis antico-
rum ultimis duobus subdilatatis et utrinque nigro-pennatis, vena ala-
rum longitudinali quarta non fracta.

Green, face snow-white, antennae black, the first joint upon the under side
red ; cilia of tlie inferior orbit pale ; cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yel-
low, tarsi partly black ; two last joints of the fore tarsi somewhat thick-
ened, feathered with black on both sides ; the fourth longitudinal vein
of the wings not broken. Long. corp. 0.24^ Long. al. 0.24.

Bright metallic green. Antennas black, the lower edge of the
first joint red ; third joint short. Face snow-white ; palpi brown-
ish-yellow, the basis black. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish.
Front metallic green. Fore coxa3 yellow, blackened at the base
only to a moderate extent, upon the front side with a black pubes-
cence. Middle and hind coxse blackish, only the extreme tip and
the trochanter yellow. Feet yellow. Hind femora before the tip
with a bristle. Tibiae plain, with rather numerous black bristles ;
hind tibiae at the tip not blackened, upon the hind side without
glabrous spot. Fore tarsi from the tip of the third joint black,
not quite once and a half the length of the tibiae ; their two last
joints are only very slightly enlarged, but . closely feathered with
bristle-like minute black hairs upon the front and hind side, so that
they seem to be rather broad. Middle and hind tarsi plain, from
the tip of the first joint black ; upon the upper side of the first
joint of the middle tarsi, not far from the tip, there is a stout black
bristle. Cilia of the tegulas black. Wings grayish-hyaline, of
the usual form ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken and the fore
margin, near the tip of the first longitudinal vein, not thickened.
The lamellae of the hypopygium of the only specimen which I
possess are almost destroyed; I am able to state only that they
are yellowish.

Hab. Maine. (Packard.) Mass. (Sanborn.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 71

39. D. discifer STANN. £ and 9 . — Viridis, facie alba, antennis ui-
gris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albis, tegularum ciliis nigris, pedibus
flavis, femorum posticoruin apice concolore, tarsorum anticorum articulo
ultimo nigro, in mare modice dilatato, alarum vena longitudinal! quarta
non fracta.

Green ; face white, antennae black ; cilia of the inferior orbit white, cilia
of the tegulse black; feet yellow, tip of the hind femora not blackened;
the last joint of the fore tarsi black, in the £ moderately enlarged;
fourth longitudinal vein of the wings not broken. Long. corp. 0.25 —
0.26. Long. al. 0.24.

STN. Dolichopus patellatus MEIGEN, Syst^Beschr. IV, 86, 22.
Dolichopus discifer STANNIUS, Isis 1831, 57, 10.
Dolichopus confusus ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lapp., 709, 7.
Dolichopus patellatus STAEGEK, Kroyer's Tidskr. IV, 21, 12.
Dolichopus discifer ZETTERSTEDT, Dipt. Scand., II, 533, 28.

WALKER, Dipt. Brit. I, 163, 20.
Dolichopus tanypus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 24, 26.

Bright green. Face white, in the £ upon the upper half gene-
rally more yellowish-white. Antennas black ; first joint upon the
under side red, third joint elongated-ovate, rather large; arista
with a very short, but distinct pubescence ; it is inserted beyond
the middle of the third joint. Front shining green. Cilia of the
inferior orbit white. Fore coxse yellowish, beset upon their front
side with delicate white hairs, and only on the inner side in the 9
with some black hairs. Middle and hind coxae blackish, at the
tip yellowish. Feet yellowish; hind femora with a bristle before
the tip. Hind tibiae somewhat brownish-black only at their ex-
treme tip, particularly on the inner side. Fore tarsi, although
darker from the tip of the first joint, but only the last joint black ;
middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint black ; hind tarsi en-
tirely black, seldom only brown at the base of the first joint.
Cilia of the tegulas black. Wings grayish hyaline ; fourth longi-
tudinal vein not broken, towards its end somewhat more converging
with the third than in most of the other species.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium not very large, elongated
ovate, white, on the upper and apical margin with a very narrow
black border, on the latter somewhat jagged and fringed with
black bristles. Hind femora not ciliated. Hind tibiae slender,
without glabrous spot upon their hind side. Fore tarsi exceed-
ingly slender and elongated, the four first joints yellow, still some-
what darker beyond the tip of the first joint, each following joint

72 * DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

more slender than the previous one ; the first joint is equal to
three-fourths of the tibia, and is somewhat longer than the second
and third taken together ; second till fourth joints but very little
decreasing in length ; fifth joint deep black, somewhat flattened,
so that it appears like a small ovate disk ; at its extreme basis it
is colored with yellowish-white. Wings towards the basis rather
narrow, though of the usual form. Costa near the tip of the first
longitudinal vein with an almost imperceptible swelling.

Hob. English River ; Red River. (Kennicott.) Sitka. (Sahl-
berg.) White Mountains, N. H. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A very close examination renders it certain that
this species, as it appears widely spread in North America, is
identical with the European D. discifer. I had overlooked this
identity, while describing it from American specimens, as D..
tanypus.

4O. I>. lobatus LOEW. $ . — Viridis, facie dilute lutescente, antennis
nigris, inferioribus oculorum ciliis fiavicautibus, tegularum ciliis nigris,
pedibus flavis, femorum posticorum apice concolore, tarsis anticis inde
ab articuli primi apice nigricantibus, articulo ultimo nigro, in mare latis-
simo.

Green; face pale luteous-yellow ; antennae black; cilia of the inferior
orbit yellowish, cilia of the tegulse black ; feet yellow, the tip of the
hind femora not darker ; fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint black-
ish ; the last joint black, very much enlarged in the £ . Long. corp.
0.27. Long. al. 0.26.

SYN. Dolichopus lobatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 24, 27.

Bright green. Face pale yellow, rather whitish below. An-
tennae black, first joint red with blackish upper edge ; third joint
short-ovate. Front shining, green. Cilia of the inferior orbit
yellowish. Lamellae of the hypopygium rather large, ovate, white,
on the second half of the upper margin and on the apical margin
with a rather broad black border, jagged on the latter and beset
with black bristles. Fore coxse yellow, upon the front side with
minute yellowish hairs, only on their inner side also with a few
minute black hairs. Middle and hind coxae blackish, at the tip
yellow. Feet yellow. Hind femora not. ciliated ; before the tip
with a bristle. Hind tibiae somewhat thickened about the middle
and colored with darker yellow upon their second half; their hind
side without glabrous stripe. Fore tarsi hardly once and a half

DOLICHOPUS. 73

the length of the tibise ; three first joints stalk-like and very slen-
der;, from the tip of the first joint black-brown; first joint some-
what longer than the second and third taken together ; the third
only half as long as the second ; fourth joint very short, somewhat
broader than the previous one, brownish-black ; fifth joint black,
nearly as long as the second, flattened, very much enlarged, so
that it has an almost semi-obcordate shape ; the close black pubes-
cence of its upper edge makes it appear still larger and broader.
Middle tarsi from the tip of the second joint black. Hind tarsi
entirely black. Wings gray, towards the fore margin more gray-
ish-brown, narrow; towards the base the hind margin has two
very remarkable sinuses, a longer one between the' fifth and sixth
longitudinal veins, and a shorter one behind the sixth longitudinal
vein, so that there is a lobe between them ; the anal angle of the
wing also projects considerably as a rounded lobe ; the fourth lon-
gitudinal vein only with a slight flexure, somewhat more converg-
ing towards its end with the third than is the case in the related
species ; the costa at the tip of the first longitudinal vein with
a rather imperceptible swelling.

Hob. English River. (Kennicott.)

Observation. — I believe I know also the 9 of this species. It
differs from the 9 of D. discifer, by its somewhat larger size, its
somewhat more yellowish face, and by the fore tarsi being not only
shorter, but also tinged with black already from the tip of the first
joint. The fore coxae have, upon the greater part of their anterior
side, some minute black hairs. Although the fore coxse of the 9
have in many species a more extended black pubescence than the
g , the difference between this 9 and the above described J* is
more striking than usual. This circumstance will render it some-
what doubtful that the two sexes really belong together, until a
positive observation settles the question.

41. D. setosus LOEW. 1 . — Viridis, nitidus, facie et inferioribus ocu-
lorum ciliis albis, antennis tegularumque ciliis nigris, coxis anticis
pedibusque flavis, tarsis anterioribus inde ab articuli prirni apice tar-
sisque posticis totis cum tibiarum posticarum apice nigris ; femora pos-
tica pilis flavis ciliata ; tibia? posticse setis longis armatse, alarum vena
longitudinalis quarta non fracta.

Green, shining ; the face and the cilia of the inferior orbit white ; the

' antennae and the cilia of the tegulse black ; fore coxae and feet yellow,

the four anterior tarsi from the tip of the first joint and the whole hind

74 EIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

ones, including the tip of the hind tibise black; hind femora ciliated
with yellowish hairs ; hind fibiae armed with long thorn-like bristles ;
fourth longitudinal vein of the wings not broken. Long. corp. 0.23 —
0.24. Long. al. 0.25.

SYN. Dolichopus setosus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, 213, 63.

Green, shining. The narrow face white. Antennae black, the
lower edge of the first joint brownish; third joint ovate, not
rounded at the tip. Front rather dark green, but little shining.
Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Lamellae of the hypopygium
of medium size, broad, rather rounded, white with narrow border,
fringed on the upper and apical margin with black bristles, the
latter but little jagged. Fore coxse pale yellowish, dusted with
white; their short pubescence near the tip and upon the inner
half of their front side black. Middle and hind coxset blackiah,
with pale yellowish tip. Feet pale yellowish ; the hind femora have
but one bristle before the tip and are ciliated with long yellowish
hairs upon the under side ; the hind tibise are black at the tip and
have upon their upper, as well as upon their under side, longer
bristles than usual ; I am not able to distinguish a glabrous spot
upon their hind side, but at the tip of 'the upper side there is a
short pale line. Fore and middle tarsi from the tip of the first
joint, hind tarsi entirely, black. Wings grayish hyaline ; costa at
the tip of the first longitudinal vein distinctly, but not strikingly
thickened ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein mode-
rately inflected upon its middle ; the hind transverse vein perpen-
dicular.

Hab. Massachusetts. (Le Baron.)

42t D. incisuralis LOEW. £ and J. — Viridis vel aeneo-viridis,
facie alba, antennis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus albidis, tegula-
rum ciliis nigris, pedibus flavis, femoruni posticorum apice concolore,
tarsis anticis inde ab articuli primi apice nigris, in mare simplicibus,
alarum vena longitudinal! quarta non fracta.

Green or bronze~gre«n ; face white ; antennae black : cilia of the inferior
orbit whitish, cilia of the tegulae black, feet yellow, the tip of the hind
femora not darker; fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint black, plain
evefc in the ^ ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken. Long. corp. 0.17.
Long. al. 0.16.

gYN. Dolichopus incisuralis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 25, 28.

Green or bronze green, well preserved specimens purer green,

GYMNOPTERNUS. 75

shining. Face white. Antennae black ; the inferior edge of the
first -joint red or reddish-brown, which, however, is not distinctly
perceptible in some specimens ; third joint short ; arista with a
hardly perceptible pubescence. Cilia of the inferior orbit white.
Front green. Abdomen with remarkably distinct black incisures.
Fore coxae whitish-yellow, only at the extreme basis somewhat
blackened ; their front side is beset upon its basal half with numer-
ous black, very delicate and rather sparse hairs. Middle and hind
coxae black, only at the extreme tip somewhat yellowish. Feet
yellowish. Hind femora before the tip with a bristle. Fore and
middle tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint ; still the
whole first joint is also somewhat dusky. Hind tibiae with a black
tip ; hind tarsi entirely black. Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings
grayish ; fourth longitudinal vein only with a slight flexure and
towards its end somewhat more than usually converging yith the
third longitudinal vein.

Hale. Lamellae of the hypopygium of medium size and of a
rounded-ovate form, white ; on the upper and apical margin with
a rather narrow black border, on the latter jagged and fringed
with black bristles ; hind femora ciliated with moderately long and
very delicate pale hairs. Hind tibiae slender, plain, upon their
hind side without glabrous stripe. Fore tarsi plain, about once
and a quarter the length of the tibia? ; their first joint is longer
than the two following, but somewhat shorter than the three
following taken together. Costa at the tip of the first longitudi-
nal vein with a very short but distinct swelling.

Hob. Trenton Falls, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. III. GYMNOPTERNUS.

The following characters of the genus Gymnopternus are to be
observed: The first joint of the antenna? is hairy upon the upper
side, the third almost never remarkably elongated ; arista dorsal.
The hypopygium is entirely disengaged, the exterior appendages
are latuelliforin and of moderate size. The first joint of the hind
tarsi is shorter than the second and not provided with bristles.
The third and fourth longitudinal veins of the wings are parallel
or almost so.

The last of these characters is applicable to all the North Ame-
rican species of Gymno2)ternits known to me. Among the species

76 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

of the old world which have been placed into the genus Gynmop-
ternus there certainly is a whole group of closely related species
the third and fourth longitudinal veins of which decidedly con-
verge. However, as this group must necessarily be separated from
the genus Gymnopternus, it could not prevent me from adopting
the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudinal veins as cha-
racteristic marks of Gymnopternus. Precisely this character dis-
tinguishes in the easiest manner the species of Gymnopternus from
those of the following genera, which, like Gymnopternus, have
the upper edge of the first joint of the antennae hairy, but are
without bristles upon the first joint of the hind tarsi.

Most of the species of Gymnopternus are small and have shorter
antennas, but a more distinctly pubescent arista than the species
of Dolichopus. They are much poorer in suitable plastic charac-
ters for^the distinction of the species than the latter. The feet
of the males are very seldom ornamented.

The color of the cilia of the inferior orbit is also of the highest
importance for the determination of the species of the present
genus. Unfortunately it cannot be so easily observed as in the
species of Dolichopus. Its discrimination in some species, of
which I have only single specimens, was totally impossible ; as to
others, I often remained uncertain. In the former case I have
been silent about their color, and in the latter I did not use any
positive expressions. Under these circumstances 'it was impossible
to use the color of the cilia of the lower orbit as a basis for a
subdivision. This is, however, but of little moment, as the cilia
of the lower orbit seem to be black in almost all North American
species of Gymnopternus. Another important mark for the dis-
tinction of the species is the hairy or glabrous surface of the scu-
tellum, provided there is a sufficient number of well preserved
specimens ; otherwise, if the specimens are few or not well pre-
served, this mark will be rather uncertain. I did not wish to
omit characters of this kind altogether, but have to request the
reader not to place too much confidence in them, especially when
my expressions seem to imply doubt. The same rule applies to
the form of the lamellae of the hypopygium. In 'many species
they have the form of an erect crescent, fastened by its .lower
point. This form will only then be recognized, when they are not
closely applied to the hypopygium with the concave side ; if the
latter is the case, then they appear only as small lamellae, with

GYMNOPTERNUS. 77

rounded ends, and the length of which is greater than their breadth.
I have, then, called them rounded, without further remarks about
their form ; to prevent mistakes, however, I must state that this
applies only to the convex edge. I have omitted other characters
in the descriptions, because they are common to all North Ameri-
can species known to me ; for instance, the presence of only one
bristle at the end of the hind femora, etc.

This genus derives its name (yv^oj naked, and ttttpvij the sole)
from the absence of bristles upon the first joint of the hind tarsi,
whereby it differs fro^n the genus Dolichopus, to which its species
formerly belonged.

The species described by Say as Dolichopus obscurus seems to
be a Grjmnopternus. I do not know of any -other species of North
American Gymnopternus, described by a previous author. This
undoubtedly arises from the circumstance that the species of Gym-
nopternus, on account of their small size and their apparent insig-
nificance, have been less noticed by collectors. The number of
species known to me shows that North America is very rich in
species of this genus. To produce a really satisfactory treatise
on the subject would require much more material than that over
which I could dispose, because the positive discrimination and
exact delineation of the characteristics of the species present many
difficulties.

I will give now a dichotomic table for the purpose of deter-
mining the species, and a synopsis of the systematic arrangement.
A-s will be seen from the latter, the bulk of the species known
to me, are very nearly related and form but a single group;
whereas but a small number show characters which isolate them
from the others.

i

Table for the determination of the Species.

1 ( Color non-metallic. 1 flavus Lw.

I Color metallic. 2

9 ( Third joint of the antennae with an elongated point. 2 subulatus Lw.

\ Third joint of the antennae without elongated point. 3

„ ( Prevailing color of the feet black. 4

I Prevailing color of the feet yellow. 6

. ( Third joint of the antennas remarkably hairy. 3 scotias Lw.

\ Third joint of the antennae with scarcely perceptible hairs. 5

, ( Wings grayish hyaline. 4 barbatulus Lw.

\ Wings somewhat tinged with blackish. 5 tristis, n. sp.

78 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

g f Tip of the hind femora blackish. 6 ezilis Ln\

I Tip of the hind femora not blackish. 7

- f Thorax dark violet. 8

I Thorax not violet. 9

r, ( Coxae up to the tip somewhat blackish. 7 spectabilis Lw.

\ Coxae yellowish-white. 8 albiceps Lw.

!Fore coxae up to the tip blackish. 9 subdilatatus Liu.

Fore coxae entirely yellow, or at the utmost somewhat infuscated near
the base. 10

r Hind tarsi from the tip of the first joint black. 10 leevigatus Lw.
10 -| Hind tarsi towards the tip but little dusky, at the utmost brownish,
I never black. 11

,, f Antennae entirely black. 12

1 Antennae partly red. 16

, £ f Lamellae of the hypopygium black. 11 frequens Lw.

I Lamellae of the hypopygium not black. 13

, „ ( Lamellae of the hypopygium dark yellow. 12 lunifer Lw.

X Lamellae of the hypopygium white. 14

(Interior appendages of the hypopygium penicillate.
13 fimbriatus Lw.
Interior appendages of the hypopygium not penicillate. 15

Third and fourth longitudinal veins but slightly converging.

14 despicatus Lw.
Third and fourth longitudinal veins altogether parallel.

15 difficilis Lw.

! Middle and hind coxae from the basis distinctly blackish. 17

Middle and hind coxae yellow, or, at the utmost, the former with a
grayish tinge. 19

, - f Lower part of the face of the 9 distinctly hairy. 16 nigribarbus Lw.

<• The lower part of the face not hairy. 18

, of Antennae small. 17 parvicornis Lw.

I Antennae of tolerable size. 18 opacus Lw.

-i q / Venter and posterior margin of the pleurae not yellow. 20

1- Venter and posterior margin of the pleurae yellow. 21

2Q 5 Thorax brightly shining, front white. 19 politus Lw.

C Thorax rather dull, front gray. ' 20 debilis Lw.

o-i f Hypopygium remarkably stout and large. 21 crassicauda Lw.

I Hypopygium of the usual size and thickness. 22

22 f Antennae very small. 22 minutus Lw.

I Antennae of middle size. 23 ventralis Lw.

15 -I

\

GYMNOPTERNUS.

79

Systematic arrangement of the Species'.

I. Coloring of the body non-metallic.

1. flavus Lw.

II. Coloring of the body metallic.

A. Third joint of the antennae with an elongated point.

2. subulatus Lw.

B. Third joint of the antennae without an elongated point.

A. Prevailing color of the feet black.

3. scotias Lw. 5. tristis, n. sp.

4. barbatulus Lw.

B. Prevailing color of the

6. exilis Lw.

7. spectabilis Lw.

8. albiceps Lw.

9. subdilatatus Lw.

10. laevigatus Lw.

11. frequens Lw.

12. lunifer Lw.

13. fimbriatus Lw.

14. despicatus Lw.

feet yellow.

15. difficilis Lw.

16. nigribarbus Lw.

17. parvicornis Lw.

18. opacus Lw.

19. politus Lw.

20. debilisZw.

21. crassicauda Lw.

22. minutus Lw.

23. ventralis Lw,

80 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

I. COLORING OF THE BODY NON-METALLIC.

1. G-. flavus LOEW. £ and £> . — Flavus, abdominis segmentis interme-
diis plerumque virescentibus.

Yellow ; the middle segments of the abdomen usually greenish. Long,
corp. 0.10—0.11. Long. al. 0.12—0.13.

SYN. Gymnopternus flavus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 28, 1.

Pale yellowish. Face whitish. Antennae dark yellow, the third
joint with a very pointed brownish or blackish tip and with
rather distinct hairs, which are visibly shorter in the female.
Arista black with an almost imperceptible pubescence. Front
and occiput of a greenish color, but thickly dusted with yellow so
as to appear dull and altogether light greenish-gray. Cilia of the
inferior orbit white-yellowish. Thorax entirely yellow, not unfre-
quently with a slight trace of a greenish lustre, its bristles black,
the small hairs pale, scutellum provided with two black bristles,
otherwise glabrous. Abdomen with yellow hair, the stout hairs
on the incisures somewhat darker, but not black ; the middle and
sometimes also the posterior segments of the abdomen show a
greenish lustre; hypopygium yellow, lamella? small, yellowish-
white, without a dark margin, thinly ciliated with short yellowish
hairs. Feet white-yellowish, their scanty bristles black ; the
smaller hairs yellowish. Cilia of the tegula? yellow. Wings
towards the anterior margin yellowish, otherwise more yellow-
grayish.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

• •

II. COLORING OF THE BODY METALLIC.

A. Third joint of the antennae with an elongated point.

2. €r. Sllbulatus LOEW. % . — Viridis, thorace subopaco, antennarum
articulo tertio acutissimo, hirto, seta subapicali instructo.

Green; thorax rather dull, the third joint of the antennae very pointed,

GYMNOPTERNUS. 81

roughly hairy, with a subapical arista. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14. Long.,
al. 0.16.
SYN. Gymnopternus subulatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 29, 2.

Green, made dull by pale gray-brownish dust, especially upon
the thorax. Face gray-whitish. The first joint of the antennae
black-brown, the second red, the third dark brown, at the root
red, unusually long and sharply pointed, and covered with much
longer hairs than is the case with the other species of the same
genus. The black arista has a hardly perceptible pubescence,
is scarcely somewhat longer than the third joint of the antennae,
and is inserted about its last third, so as to be nearer to the tip
than is the case with the other species. Front, in consequence
of a thick covering of dust, dull greenish-gray. The color of
the cilia of the inferior orbit cannot easily be recognized, how-
ever only the lowest of them may possibly be of a pale color.
Thorax and scutellum, on account of a thick covering of dust,
pretty dull gray-green ; the scutellum bears, as usual, the two black
bristles, and seems otherwise to be entirely without hairs. Abdo-
men more green, and brighter than the thorax. The black hypo-
pygium rather stout, with small yellowish lamellae, which are cili-
ated on the margin with short black hairs and have no dark edge.
Interior appendages simple, provided with one hair upon the upper
side and with two hairs upon the point, before it is bent down.
Coxae and feet pale yellowish, fore coxae with black hair. Cilia
of the tegulJB black. Wings somewhat yellow-grayish, large and
broad, especially towards the tip ; the anal angle rounded off.

Hah. Trenton Falls, N. Y. (Osten Sacken.)

B. THIRD JOINT OP THE ANTENNAE WITHOUT ELONGATED POINT.

A. Prevailing color of the feet black.

3. G. scotias LOEW. £ and $> . — Atro-virens, pedibus nigris, troehan-
teribus, genibus, tibiis, tarsorumque anteriorum basi flavicantibus, tertio
antennarum articulo hirto, facie non pilos&.

A •

Black-green, feet black ; trochanters, knees, tibise, root oT the four anterior
tarsi yellowish, the third joint of the antennae roughly hairy, face not
hairy. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14. Long. al. 0.14 — 0.15.

SYN. Gymnopternus scotias LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 29, 3.

Dark black-green, or almost metallic black. Face and front
gray. Antennae entirely black, the third joint elongated, ovate,

82 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

not very broad, pointed at the end, with longer hairs than in most
of the other species ; the arista is inserted in its middle and has
a rather indistinct pubescence. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.
Scutellum with the usual two bristles ; otherwise I cannot per-
ceive any hairs upon its surface. Feet black. Trochanter with
the extreme tip of the first joint of the coxa, tip of the femora,
the tibiae, and the roots of the four anterior tarsi, yellowish, but,
on account of the density of the short black hairs, of pretty dark
appearance. The hind side of the hind tibiae is clothed towards
its end with dense black hairs, so that it appears pretty black ; the
root of the hind tarsi is brown. Cilia of the pale yellowish tegulaa
black. Halteres yellow-whitish. Wings gray-blackish, a little
darker towards the anterior margin. The small lamellas of the
hypopygium are black.

Hob. English River. (Kennicott.)

4. G. barbatulus LOEW. $ and 9. — Atro-virens, pedibus nigris,
trochanteribus, genibus, tibiis (excepto tamen posticarum apice) tarso-
rumque anteriorum basi flavicantibus, alls ex cinereo-hyalinis, infera
faciei parte nigro-pilosa.

Black-green ; feet black, trochanters, knees, tibiae (with the exception of
the tip of the hind ones) and the root of the four anterior tarsi yellowish,
wings grayish-hyaline, the lower part of the face with black hair. Long,
corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12—0.13.

SYN. Gymnopternus barbatulus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 29, 4.

Dark black-green, face gray-white, the inferior part of it some-
what swollen transversely, and with small sparse black hairs.
Antennas entirely black, their third joint broad, pretty rounded,
and only with short, scarcely perceptible hairs. Pubescence of
the arista extremely short, hardly perceptible. Front dark me-
tallic green ; the dust on its surface can only be perceived in an
oblique direction. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Besides the
usual two bristles upon the scutellum, there are a few short,
extremely slender, and therefore scarcely perceptible hairs. Feet
black ; the tip of the first joint of the coxas, the trochanter, the
tip of the femora, the tibiae, and the root of the four anterior
tarsi yellowish, the tip of the hind tibiae to a moderate extent
black. The cilia of the yellow tegulae black. Halteres white-

GYMNOPTERNUS. 83

yellowish. The wings dusky with gray ; the small lamella? of the
hypopygium brown.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

5. G. tristis, n. sp. % and 9 • — Atro-virens, pedibus nigris, genibus,
tibiis tarsorumque anteriorum basi testaceis, tertio antennarum articulo
nudo, alis nigricantibus.

Black-green ; feet black, knees, tibiae and the root of the four anterior
tarsi brownish-yellow, the third joint of the antennae bare ; wings black-
ish. Long. corp. 0.13—0.15. Long. al. 0.14 — 0.15.

Resembles much not only the G. scotias, but also G. barbatulus.
Black-green, sometimes more black (like ore). Face of the "£
black, of the 9 black-gray, the latter much broader than in the
$ ; upon its lower part, in the 9 , several hardly perceptible black
hairs, which I did not observe upon the face of the £ . Antennae
entirely black ; the third joint broad, rather short, however some-
what longer in the £ than in the 9 , bare, that is to say, only with
the usual microscopic pubescence, which is very difficult to ob-
serve. The rather strong arista is also covered with this almost
imperceptible pubescence. Front dark metallic green ; the rather
whitish dust upon it becomes visible, when viewed in an oblique
direction. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. The scutellum has
besides the usual two bristles, also some shorter hair. Feet
black, tip of the coxae and trochanters in well matured specimens
hardly much paler; tip of the femora, the tibiae, and the root
of the four anterior tarsi brownish-yellow ; tip of the hind tibise
brownish, the root of the hind tarsi sbmetimes brown. In less
matured specimens the lower side of the femora is mostly pitch-
brown. Cilia of the tegulse black. The small brownish-black
lamellae of the hypopygium are crescent-shaped, and adhere with
the concave side to the hypopygium, so that their true form cannot
be easily perceived ; on their convex side they are fringed with
small blackish hairs, but not jagged. The wings are comparatively
long, distinctly tinged with smoky black; the third and fourth
longitudinal veins show towards the end an indication of a slight
convergeucy; the hind transverse vein is comparatively distant
from the margin of the wing.

Hob. Sitka. (Wahlberg.)

Observation 1. — Gymn. tristis is distinguished from Gymn.

84 DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

barbatulus by its larger size, its longer and darker wings, and by
a darker and less hairy face ; the male further differs by the greater
length of the lamellae of the hypopygium. From G. scotias it dif-
fers by the third joint of the antennas, which has not the long hairs,
so apparent in G. scotias.

Observation 2. — A male from the same locality shows a con-
siderably stronger convergency of the third and fourth longitudinal
veins, coincides, however, so much in all the other characters with
the rest of the males, that I cannot consider it for more than a
variety, although a very striking one, of G. tristis.

B. Prevailing color of the feet yellow.

6. G. exilis LOEW. £ . — Viridis, pedibus flavis, coxarum intermedia-
rum basi femorumque posticorurn apice nigricantibus, tarsis fuscis.

Green, with, yellow feet, the basis of the middle coxae and the tip of the
hind femora blackish, tarsi brown. Long. corp. 0.10. Long. al. 0.11.

SYN. Gymnopternus exilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 30, 5.

Green or 'bluish-green, not very bright. Face and front light
grayish. Antennae brownish-black ; the second joint and the root
of the third reddish-brown ; the third joint comparatively rather
large, not very broad in proportion to its size, not rounded at the
tip, distinctly hairy ; the pubescence of the not very long arista
is difficult to perceive. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Tho-
rax, in consequence of a light cover of dust, somewhat dull, and
grayish-green. In one specimen only, I perceive upon the
scutellum, besides the usual bristles, a few small hairs, which are
rather indistinct. Feet pale yellowish. Middle coxes upon the
outside distinctly blackened beyond their middle. Hind coxse
darkened only at the basis. Tip of the hind femora distinctly
blackened upon the upper side. Fore and middle tarsi infuscated
from the tip of the first joint; hind tarsi black-brown to the same
extent. The row of short small bristles which is usually found
upon the upper side of the fore tibiae in the species of Gymnop-
ternus is less developed here than in most of the other species.
Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings gray. The small lamellae of the
hypopygium yellow, fringed with rather apparent, small black
bristles ; their form is rather kidney-shaped, still they have in the
lower corner a very small, somewhat protruding black flap ; the

GYMNOPTERNUS. 85

interior appendages of the hypopygium bear a few hairs before
the tip.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

7. G. spectaMlis LOEW. 9 . — Thorace violaceo, antennis nigris, coxis

nigricantibus, pedibus flavis.
Thorax violet, antennae black, coxae blackish, feet yellow. Long. corp.

0.17. Long. al. 0.17.
SYN. Gymnopternus spectabilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 30, 6.

Is among the largest North American species of this genus
known to me. Face and front with an almost silvery-white dust,
though upon the latter the dust is less thick. Antennae altogether
black ; third joint short ; the arista is somewhat stout at the basis
and has a plainly perceptible pubescence. Cilia of the inferior
orbit black. The upper side of the thorax metallic violet, the scu-
tellum likewise ; the latter has some short hairs in the middle.
Abdomen blackish metallic green, bright. All the coxae up to the
extreme tip blackish. Feet yellow, tarsi from the tip of the first
joint infuscated; the usual row of bristles upon the upper side of
the fore tibise complete and distinct, though the single bristles are
comparatively not long. Cilia of the tegulee black. Wings
tinged with gray-brown, towards the anterior margin a little
browner ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins perfectly parallel.

Hab. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — Had Mr. Wiedemann not stated the size of Do-
lichopus obscurus Say to be l£ line, I would have most certainly
believed that my G. spectabilis is the D. obscurus of Mr. Say.
Nevertheless the statements of MM. Wiedemann and Say about
D. obscurus do not apply so closely to G. spectabilis as to waive
such an important difference and to consider both species as one
and the same.

8. G. alMceps LOEW. $ . — Thorace violaceo, antennis rufis in apice
fuscis, coxis pedibusque flavis.

Thorax violet, the red antennae brown at the tip ; coxae and feet yellow.
Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Gymnopternus albiceps LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 30, 7.

Face very broad, more so than that of G. spectabilis, snow-
white. Antennas dusky red ; third joint small, rounded, dark

86 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

brown upon the apical half. Arista with a comparatively long
and striking pubescence. Front covered with a snow-white dust.
Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Thorax and scutellum metallic
violet ; no hairs are perceptible upon the surface of the latter.
Abdomen metallic dark green. Coxoa and feet yellowish ; middle
coxae upon the outside with a grayish streak. Tarsi from the tip
of the first joint gradually blackened. The usual row of bristles
on the upper side of the fore tibiae is extant and complete ; the
single bristles, however, comparatively short. Cilia of the tegulce
black. Wings tinged with grayish-brown, a little more brown
towards the anterior margin ; the third and fourth longitudinal
veins very slightly converging towards the end.
Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

9. Cr. silTjdilatatus LOEW. £ . — Viridis, antennis nigris, coxis n?gri-
cantibus, anticarum apice pedibusque flavis, maris tarsorum anticorum
articulo ultimo depresso, subdilatato.

Green ; antennae black ; coxse blackish ; tip of the fore coxse and the feet
yellow; the last joint of the fore tarsi of the £ flattened and a little
enlarged. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Gymnopternus subdilatatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 31, 8.

Metallic green, rather bright. Face covered with a whitish
dust. Antennae entirely black ; third joint short, rather rounded ;
arista with a scarcely perceptible, extremely short pubescence.
The cilia of the inferior orbit seem to be black ; upon the scutel-
lum, besides the usual two bristles, a few small hardly perceptible
hairs are inserted. The rather large lamellae of the hypopygium
are more kidney-shaped than crescent-shaped, upon their lower
side brownish-yellow, upon the upper part brownish-black, closely
fringed with black bristle-like hairs ; the interior appendages are
simple. The fore coxas blackened as far as the middle, middle
and hind coxae almost as far as the tip. Feet yellowish, a little
more slender than in the allied species. The hairs on the hind
femora are also blackish upon their under side, and more distinct
than in the related species. The usual row of bristles on the
upper side of the fore tibiae is extant, but the single bristles are
very short. Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint strongly
iufuscated, towards the tip black, very slender, but hardly longer
than the tibiae. Their first joint is as long as the two following
taken together ; the last joint is flattened and a little enlarged,

GYMNOPTEENUS. 87

the pulvilli also larger than usual. The middle and the hind
tarsi strongly infuscated from the tip of the first joint, towards
the tip black. Cilia of the tegulce black. Wings tinged with
blackish-gray.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A single female specimen agrees with the just
described male of G. subdilatatus in the color of the coxae, and
cannot therefore belong to any of the other species known to me ;
I am prevented, however, from taking it for the 9 of G. subdila-
tatus on account of the more clumsy shape of the feet.

1O. Cr. laevigatlis LOEW. % . — Viridis, thorace subcserulescente, niti-
dissimo, antennis parvis nigris, articulo secundo et tertii basi obscure
rafis, coxis anticis totis pedibusque pallide flavis, tarsis posticis inde
ab articuli prinri apice nigris, lamellis hypopygii pallide flavis, appendi-
cibus interioribus siruplicibus.

Green, with, a somewhat violet, very bright thorax ; the small antennae
black, the second joint and the root of the third dusky red ; the whole
fore cox£e and the feet yellow, the hind tarsi from the tip of the first
joint black ; the lamellae of the hypopygium pale-yellow ; the interior
appendages simple. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Gymnopternus lasvigatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 31, 9.

Green, bright. Fa.ce and front covered with whitish dust. An-
tennae small, black ; the second joint and the root of the third
dusky red. Arista with a short but distinct pubescence. The
cilia of the inferior orbit seem to be black. Upper side of the
thorax bluish-green and very bright. Upon the surface of the
scutellum, besides the usual bristles, there are a few quite imper-
ceptible little hairs. The small lamella? of the hypopygium are
light-yellowish, with a scarcely perceptible blackish border and
crescent shaped. Coxae and feet white-yellowish ; the middle coxae
on the outside almost as far as the tip, and the hind coxae at the
root, blackened. The hairs on the feet are somewhat coarse, and
the usual row of bristles on the upper side of the fore tibiae con-
sists of comparatively long and rather strong bristles. Hind tarsi
black from the tip of the first joint ; fore and middle tarsi infus-
cated from the same joint. Cilia of the tegula? black ; wings
tinged with blackish-gray ; the end of the third and fourth longi-
tudinal veins parallel.

Hab. Middle States.

88 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Observation. — If the coloring of the tarsi should not prove con-
stant, the distinction from G. parvicornis would be rather diffi-
cult. It would then be necessary to observe that the feet of the
present species are decidedly somewhat more clumsy and covered
with coarser hair, and that the row of bristles on the upper side
of the fore tibia? consists of somewhat longer bristles. The con-
formity of both species in the structure of the antennas and of the
appendages of the hypopygium is striking. G. laevigatus cannot
be confounded with any other species,

11. G. frequens LOEW. £ and 9. — Obscure viridis vel aeneo-viridis,
antenuis nigris, facie et fronte ex albo cinereis, pedibus flavis, latnellis
hypopygii nigris.

Dark-green or bronze-green ; antennae black ; face and front whitish-gray ;
feet yellow; lamellse of the hypopygium black. Long. corp. 0.12.
Long. al. 0.12—0.15.

SYN. Gymnopternus frequens LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 32, 10.

Blackish-green, recently developed specimens rather bluish-
green, more aged specimens darker bronze-green. Face and front
covered with a whitish-gray dust. Antennas black, the third joint
quite small ; arista with a short but distinct pubescence. Cilia of
the inferior orbit black ; upon the surface of the scutellum there
are, besides the two bristles, several short hairs. Coxae and feet
yellow ; middle coxae almost on their whole outside blackish, or
at least brownish ; the fore coxae show only at the extreme basis
traces of a brownish tinge, such as is often also perceived on the
hind coxa?. The usual row of bristles on the upper side of the
fore tibiae is distinct and dense. The hind tarsi become, from the
tip of the first joint, more and more brown, their tip is black-
brown. The fore and middle tarsi are infuscated in a similar
manner, but less dark. Cilia of the tegula? black. Wings tinged
with blackish-gray, the third and fourth longitudinal veins with a
slight trace of convergency. The lamella? of the hypopygium
black, quite rounded at the end, fringed with black hairs ; the in-
terior appendages not bristly.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — G. frequens is, among the kindred species, the
only one whose males have black lamellce, and thus is easy to
recognize. Female specimens occur which have the dust upon
face and front much whiter ; in other respects they a,re like the

GYMNOPTERNUS. 89

other females. Whether they 'are, as I suppose, merely a variety
of G. frequens, or whether they belong to another closely re-
lated species can only be determined by further observations.
The changes in size of the present species are not so striking as
would appear from the measurements given above, because the
larger specimens are always females, which, in this species, more
than usual exceed the males in size. It will be quite difficult to
distinguish the female of G. lunifer from that of G. frequens.

12. G. lunifer LOEW. £ . — Obscure viridis vel aeneo-viridis, anten-
nis nigris, facie et fronte cinereis, pedibus flavis, lamellis hypopygii
obscure luteis.

Dark-green or bronze-green, antennae black, face and front gray ; feet yel-
low; lamellae of the hypopygium dark-yellow. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14.
Long. al. 0.13— 0.14.

SYN. tiymnopternus lunifer LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 32, 11.

Dark-green, rather bright, face and front with whitish-gray
dust. Antennae rather short, entirely black, the third joint small,
not rounded at the end. Arista with a short but distinct pubes-
cence. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Upon the scutellum,
besides the bristles, a few not easily perceptible hairs ; the lamellae
of the hypopygium a little larger than those of the kindred species,
crescent-shaped, but rounded on the upper end, so as to become
somewhat kidney-shaped, and thus to approach the shape of the
lamellae of G. subdilatatus. They are of a dingy brownish-yellow
color, and upon the upper margin somewhat blackish. Their
black fringe is not so strong as that of G. subdilatatus. Fore
coxse dark yellow, a little brownish at the extreme basis ; the mid-
dle and hind coxas black almost up to the extreme tip. Feet
somewhat dark yellow, rather slender, hind femora somewhat iu-
fuscated on the upper side towards the tip. The usual row of
bristles on the upper side of the fore tibiae is complete. Tarsi
brownish towards the tip. Cilia of the tegulse black ; wings tinged
with brownish-gray.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

13. G. fimbriatus LOEW. $ . — Viridis, pedibus et coxia flavis, coxis
intermediis, apice excepto, nigricantibus ; appendicibus hypopygii inte-
rioribus elongatis et penioillatis.

90 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Green, feet and coxse yellow, the middle coxae however, with the excep-
tion of the tip, blackish ; the interior appendages of the hypopygium
elongated, hairy, penicillate. Long. corp. 0.10. Long. al. 0.11.

STN. Gymnopternus fimbriatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 32, 12.

Rather light-green, bright. Face and front covered with a
white-grayish dust. Antennae entirely black, short, the third
joint rounded. Arista with an extremely short and very imper-
ceptible pubescence. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. The upper
side of the thorax moderately bright. Upon the scutellum only
traces of very imperceptible hairs. The lamella? of the hypopygium
whitish-yellow, crescent-shaped, ciliated with stiff black hairs ; the
interior appendages somewhat elongated, with a brush-like tuft of
long hairs at the end. Coxa? and feet yellow, more slender than
those of the next following species ; most of the outside of the
middle coxa? blackish ; the fore and hind coxae hardly somewhat
blackened at their extreme basis. Tarsi somewhat infuscated
towards the tip, especially the hind ones. The usual row of
bristles on the upper side of the fore tibia? is extant ; the single
bristles of middle size. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings tinged
with gray.

Hob. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)

14. G-. despicatlts LOEW. £ . — Viridis, antennis nigris, facie et
fronte albido-pollinosis, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis prope apicem supra
paulo lougius pilosis, quam in speciebus ad quas accedit ; alarum venia
longitudinalibus tertia et quarta subconvergentibus ; lamellis hypopygii
pallide flavescentibus.

Green, antennae black, face and front covered with a whitish dust ; feet
yellow ; hind tibiae on the upper side towards the end with longer hairs
than in the allied species ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins of the
wings show a slight convergency ; lamellae of the hypopygium pale yel-
low. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Gymnopternus despicatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 33, 13.

Green, rather bright. Face and front covered with whitish
dust. Antennae entirely black and only of middle length ; the
third joint rather rounded at the tip. Arista with a very
short, hardly perceptible pubescence. Cilia of the inferior orbit
black. Upon the scutellum of the described specimen there are,
besides the two bristles, only a few small, pale hairs on the mar-
gin. Lamella; of the hypopygium pale-yellowish, crescent-shaped,

GYMNOPTERNUS. 91

fringed on the margin with small black hairs. The interior ap-
pendages plain. Cox9B and feet yellowish. Middle coxa? on the
outside as far as somewhat beyond the middle, blackish. The
usual row of bristles on the upper side of the fore tibiae is com-
plete, and consists of comparatively large bristles. The usual
short hairs upon the last third of the upper side of the hind tibia?
are not only a little denser, but also visibly longer, than in the allied
species. Tarsi towards the end a little blackish. Cilia of the
tegulae black. Wings tinged with gray. Third and fourth longi-
tudinal veins towards the end a little more approximated, arid
therefore a little more converging, than in the allied species.
Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

15. G. difficilis LOEW. $ . — Viridis, antennis nigris, facie et fronte
albido-pollinosis ; pedibus flavis ; tarsis apicem versus dilute infuscatis,
alarum venis longitudinalibus tertia et quarta perfecte parallelis ;
lamellis hypopygii pallide flavescentibus.

Green, antennae black, face and front covered with a whitish dust, feet
yellow, tarsi brownish only towards the tip, third and fourth longitudi-
nal veins perfectly parallel ; lamellae of the hypopygium pale-yellowish.
Long. corp. 0.12. Long. .al. 0.12.

SYN. Gymnopternus difficilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 33, 14.

Is so extremely like the preceding species, that the statement of
the differences will be sufficient for its recognition. They consist
in the following : the usual row of bristles on the upper side of
the fore tibias consists of much smaller bristles. The hairs on the
upper side of the hind tibiae are, towards their end, less dense and
long ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are perfectly parallel
towards their end, and all the longitudinal veins have a paler
coloring.

Hab. New York.

16. G. nigritoarbus LOEW. $ . — Nigro-seneus, thorace cserulescente,
subopaco, inferS, faciei parte pilis nigris barbata.

Bronze-black, thorax rather blue and somewhat dull, the lower part of the
face bearded with black hairs. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Gymnopternus nigribarbus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII,. 33, 15.

Bronze-blackish, thorax rather blue, and rather dull on account
of a dense, brown-gray dust. Face covered with a whitish-gray
dust, rather broad, upon its inferior portion convex and beset with

92 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

a short but distinct and rather striking pubescence. Antennas
small, black-brown, second joint and the root of the third red ;
the third joint rounded at the end and beset with very distinct
but not long hairs. Arista with a comparatively long, very dis-
tinct pubescence. The front seems in most directions light
brownish-gray ; in others nearly whitish. Cilia of the inferior
orbit black. Upper side of the thorax rather blue and dull on
account of a gray-brownish dust. Scutellum apparently glabrous
upon its upper surface. The color of the abdomen varies between
bronze-black and bronze-green. Fore coxa? yellow-brownish at
the base ; middle coxae almost up to the tip, hind coxas about as
far as the middle, blackish. Feet yellowish. Tarsi moderately
infuscated towards the tip. The usual row of bristles on the
upper side of the fore tibise, consists of comparatively short
bristles. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings with a rather strong
blockish-gray tinge. The third and fourth longitudinal veins
parallel towards the end.
Hob. Pennsylvania.

17. G. parvicorsiis LOEW. $ . — Viridis, thorace cserulescente, niti-
dissimo, antennis parrls, nigris, articulo secundo et articuli tertii basi
rufis ; coxis anticis totis, pedibusque pallide flavis, tarsis apicem versus
infuscatis, lainellis hypopygii pallide flavicantibus, appeudicibus inte-
rioribus simplicibus.

Green, the bluish-green thorax very bright ; the small antennae black, the
second joint and the root of the third red, the whole fore coxae and the
feet pale yellowish ; tarsi towards the tip brownish ; the lamellae of the
hypopygium pale yellowish ; the interior appendages plain. Long,
corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Gymnopternus parvicornis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 16.

Green, bright, face and front with a white dust. Antennas
small, black ; second joint and the root of the third red ; third
joint remarkably small and not rounded at the tip. Arista with
a short but distinct pubescence. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.
Upper side of the thorax bluish-green and very bright. Upon
the surface of the scutellum there seem to be, besides the usual
bristles, a few small hairs. The small lamellae of the hypopygium
are whitish-yellow with a scarcely perceptible black margin, cres-
cent-shaped. Coxse and feet whitish-yellow ; the middle coxas on
the outside almost up to the tip, and the hind coxae at the root,

QYMNOPTERNUS. 93

blackish. The hairs on the feet are scarcely so rough as usual,
and the row of bristles on the upper side of the fore tibiae consists
of rather short bristles. Tarsi but slightly infuscated towards
their tip. Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings with a blackish-gray
tinge. Third and fourth longitudinal veins, towards the end,
parallel.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — The striking resemblance of this species to G.
laevigatus has already been noticed above. If the small bristles
on the upper side of the fore tibia? were not visibly shorter in this
species, I would suppose it to be only a variety of G. laevigatus
with much paler tarsi.

IS. G> opactis LOEW. % . — Viridis, modice nitens, facie et fronte
polline ex albo-cinereo vestitis, aiitemris majusculis, fusco-nigris, arti-
culo secundo et articuli tertii basi rufis ; pedibus cum coxis flavis ; ooxis
intermediis, posticarumque basi nigricantibus ; alis ex flavo dilutissiine
cinerascentibus, lamellis hypopygii parvis, pallide flavescentibus.

Green, only moderately shining ; face and front with a whitish-gray dust ;
antennae rather large, brownish-black; second joint- and root of the
third red ; coxae and feet yellow, middle coxae and the base of the hind
cox33 blackish ; wings altogether pale yellowish-gray ; the small lamellae
of the hypopygiurn pale yellowish. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long. al.
0.13.

Sra. Gymnopternus opacus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 17.

Green, only moderately shining ; the dust upon the face seems
to be whitish-gray, but in an oblique light it has a more pure
white appearance. Antennas brownish-black ; second joint and
root of the third red; third joint of a considerable size, rather
broad, forming a sharp angle at the tip, beset with not very long
but very distinct hairs. Arista with a rather short but very dis-
tinct pubescence. Front with a yellowish-gray dust. Cilia of
the inferior orbit black. Thorax dull On account of a yellowish-
gray dust. I cannot discover any hairs upon the scutellum. La-
mellae of the hypopygium small, pale-yellow, short and sparsely
fringed. Pleurae without yellow coloring on the posterior margin.
Cox33 and feet pale-yellowish. Middle coxa? on the outside
almost up to the tip and hind coxa? at the basis, of a dark color.
Tarsi hardly infuscated towards the tip. Cilia of the tegula?
black. Wings with a slight gray-yellowish tinge. The third

94 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

and fourth longitudinal veins towards their end almost entirely
parallel.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A single ? which I possess I believe to be
that of the present species. The circumstance that the single
bristles of the row on the upper side of the fore tibia? are some-
what stronger, the third joint of the antenna? much shorter and the
arista more distinctly hairy than those of the above described g ,
cannot justify any doubts, as the females of nearly all the species
differ in this way from the males. The only objection which might
be raised against their belonging together, is the more whitish
color of the dust upon face and front.

19. G-. politus LOEW. 9 • — Viridis, nitens, faciei albse parte infera
subtiliter pilosa, fronte albo-pollinosa, antennis ex fusco rufis, apicem
versus fuscis, coxis pedibusque pallide flavis, alis majusculis ex fusco
cinereis, appendicibus analibus duabus styliformibus.

Green, bright, the lower part of the white face with delicate hairs, front
with a white dust, the brownish-red antennae brown at the tip ; coxae
and feet pale-yellowish ; wings somewhat large, brown-grayish ; at the
end of the abdomen two styloid appendages. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15.
Long. al. 0.14—0.15.

STN. Gymnopternus politus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 18.

Green, very bright ; the moderately broad face and front covered
with white dust ; the lowest part of the face beset with minute pale
hairs and a few blackish ones. Antenna?, at least for a female, of
middle size, dusky brownish-red ; third joint with short but dis-
tinct hairs, towards the end blackish-brown and the tip sharply
angular. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Thorax only d little
dusty. Upon the scutejlum I cannot perceive any hairs at all.
The anal appendages distinguish themselves from those of the
related species by consisting of two short black styles. The pos-
terior margin -of the pleura? is not yellow. Coxa? and feet pale-
yellowish. Tarsi but little infuscated towards their tip. The
usual row of bristles on the upper side of the fore tibia? rather
prominent. Cilia of the tegula? black. Wings rather broad and
pretty strongly tinged with brownish-gray. The third and fourth
longitudinal veins towards their ends with a slight indication of
convergency.

Hob. New York. (Osteu-Sacken.)

GYMNOPTERNUS. 95

Observation. — It is remarkable that the circle of short thorns on
the tip of the abdomen of the female, which belongs to allied spe-
cies, is wanting here. This species, however, cannot be located
in any other genus ; on the contrary, it coincides most perfectly
in all other respects with the species of Gymnopternus.

2O. G. detoilis LOEW. £ and 9 . — Viridis, modice nitens, facie et
fronte cinereo-pollinosis, antennis rufis apicem versus nigris, coxis pedi-
busque pallide flavis, alls ex flavo ciuereis, laraellis hypopygii parvis,
pallide flavescentibus.

Green, moderately shining ; face and front grayish-dusty, the red antennae
black at the tip ; coxae and feet pale-yellow ; wings yellowish-gray ; the
small lamellae of the hypopygium pale-yellowish. Long. corp. 0.12.
Long. al. 0.12.

STN. Gymnopternus debilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 35, 19.

Green, only moderately shining ; face covered with white-gray-
ish, front with yellow-grayish dust. Antennae red, of middle size ;
third joint quite distinctly hairy, at the tip black-brown and pro-
vided with a sharp angle ; arista with a short, but distinct pubes-
cence. As far as I can perceive, the ciliaa of the inferior orbit
are black. The upper side of the thorax, on account of some
yellow-grayish dust, rather dull. The scutellum seems to be
bare. Yenter not yellow. Pleurae wholly gray, without yellow
posterior margin. Coxa? and feet pale yellowish. Tarsi towards
their end a little infuscated. The usual row of bristles on the
upper side of the fore tibiae rather prominent. Cilia of the tegu-
laa black. Wings only with a slight yellow-grayish tinge. Third
and fourth longitudinal veins towards their end almost entirely
parallel. The small lamellce of the hypopygium are pale-yellow-
ish and fringed with little black hairs.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — G. debilis can easily be distinguished from
G. opacus by its smaller size and smaller antenna? ; likewise
from G. crassicauda by not having a yellow venter and the pos-
terior margin of the pleurie not being yellow. From G. politus
it differs by a more light-green color, less brightness, smaller size,
&c. &c.

G. crassicauda LOEW. £ and 9 •— Viridis, modice nitens, an-
tennis rufis apicem versus fuscis, pleurarum margine postico, ventre,
coxis pedibusque pallide flavis, hypopygio maris valde incrassato.

96 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Green, moderately shining ; the red antennae brown towards the tip ; the
posterior margin of the pleurae, the venter, the 00x33 and the feet pale-
yellowish. The hypopygium of the $ very much thickened. Long.
corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.14 — 0.15.

SYN. Gymnopternus crassicauda LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 35, 20.

Green, moderately shining ; face and front with some whitish
dust ; in well preserved 9 a delicate and pale-colored pubescence
can be seen upon the lower part of the face. Antennas red, of
very moderate size, the third joint at the end rounded and infus-
cated. Arista of the J* with a short but distinct, that of the 9
with a comparatively long and very striking pubescence. Cilia
of the inferior orbit black. Thorax somewhat dull from grayish
dust. The hairs upon the scutellum delicate and rather diffi-
cult to perceive. Pleurae gray, their whole posterior margin
(epimera metathoracica) yellowish. Tenter yellow ; -upon the
anterior segments of the abdomen this color extends somewhat
upon the upper side ; in well preserved specimens, however, it is
concealed by a whitish dust ; in the 9 this yellow coloring some-
times extends further, so that there is upon the first segment a
complete, and upon the second an interrupted yellow band. Coxa?
and feet pale-yellowish. Tarsi towards the end scarcely a little
infuscated. Cilia of the tegulse black. Wings with a slight yel-
low-grayish tinge. The third and fourth longitudinal veins to-
wards the end almost entirely parallel. The hypopygium of the
g uncommonly thickened. The very small crescent-shaped lamellae
have a yellowish coloring and a fringe of short, delicate and sparse
hairs.

Hab. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

. G. minuf us LOEW. £ . — Viridis, antennis parvis rufis, pleurarum
margine postico, ventre, coxis pedibusque pallide flavicantibus, coxis
anticis denudatis, hypopygio non incrassato.

Green, the small antennas red, the posterior margin of the pleura, the ven-
ter, the coxse and the feet pale-yellowish ; fore coxae bare ; the hy-
popygium not thickened. Long. cprp. 0.10. Long. al. 0.11.

SYN. Gymnopternus minutus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 35, 21.

Green, quite bright, face with a dense, front with a thin whitish
dust. Antennae brownish-red, small, the third joint at the end
dark-brown. Arista with a short but distinct pubescence. Cilia
of the inferior orbit black. Thorax a little dull from a white-

PARACLIUS. 97

grayish dust. Scutellum with a few short hairs. Posterior mar-
gin of the pleurae yellow. Tenter yellow. On the anterior seg- .
ments of the abdomen the lateral margins are also colored with
yellow. Hypopygium of the usual shape. The small, delicate
lamellae yellowish, sparsely ciliated. Coxae and feet white-yellow-
ish. The fore coxae have upon their anterior side no black, but
throughout only extremely delicate small whitish hairs, so as to
appear glabrous, which constitutes a very striking character of
this species. The tarsi towards their end are scarcely somewhat
infuscated.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

23. G. ventralis LOEW. $ . — Viridis, modice nitens, antennarum
articulo tertio latiusculo, rotundato, pleurarum margine postico, ventre,
coxis, pedibusqu'e pallide flavis, hypopygio maris non incrassato.

Green, moderately shining, third joint of the antennae rather broad, rounded ;
posterior margin of the pleurae, venter, coxae and feet pale-yellowish ;
hypopygiurn not thickened. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Gymnopternus ventralis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 36, 22.

Green, not very bright. Face with a whitish, front with a pale
yellow-grayish dust. -Antennae brownish-red, of moderate size ;
the third joint, which is rounded, is rather broad ; arista with
a rather short but distinct pubescence. Cilia of the inferior
orbit black. Thorax quite dull on account of a yellow-grayish
dust. Scutellum with delicate but distinct hairs. The entire pos-
terior margin of the pleurae yellow. Tenter yellow. Hypopygium
of the usual form. The small yellowish lamellae of middle size,
rather sparsely ciliated. Coxae and feet pale-yellowish. The
hairs on the anterior coxae are partially blackish, but so delicate
that they might be easily overlooked. The tarsi towards their end
are only little infuscated. Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings
with a yellow-grayish tinge ; the third and fourth longitudinal
veins parallel towards their end.

Hob. New York.

Gen. IV. PARACLIUS.

»

When I adopted, in the fifth part of the Neue Beitrage, the
genus Gymnopternus, and distinguished it from the related
genera, it was done merely upon the basis of an investigation of
European species, so that I had only these species -in view when

98 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. fPART II.

I defined the characters of this genus and its differences from the
neighboring genera. America possesses species which necessarily
come within the definition of the genus Gymnopternus, as under-
stood in that publication, but which, at the same time, differ too
much from all other species of this genus, to find a natural place
among them. The most striking, although perhaps not the most
important, character whereby these species differ from the others,
is the course of the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein.
At or beyond its middle it is suddenly deflected anteriorly, and its
end is so near the end of the third longitudinal vein that the first
posterior cell appears almost closed. In order to separate these
species from the genus Gymnopternus, I have added above to the
characters of Gymnopternus the complete, or at least nearly com-
plete, parallelism of the third and fourth longitudinal veins. A
more minute examination of the species in question shows that they
should form two, or perhaps more correctly, three groups ; still,
before we are able to judge with certainty about it, our as yet im-
perfect knowledge of the species will require a considerable in-
crease. In the meantime, however, if we draw our attention to
the character which distinguishes all these species from the other
Gymnopternus, that is, to the course of the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein, we will soon find among these species
two principal modifications of this course. In one case the deflec-
tion of the fourth segment at or beyond its middle takes place in
a steep curve forward, and the vein then runs in a straight direc-
tion to the margin of the wing, which it reaches very near the tip
of the third longitudinal vein. In the other case the last segment
of the fourth longitudinal vein forms beyond its middle a but
slightly rounded angle, and thence, in the form of a curve, the
concavity of which is turned backwards, it runs to the margin of
the wing, which it likewise reaches in the immediate neighborhood
of the third longitudinal vein. Those species which show the first
of the above mentioned neurations, possess, moreover, many other
characters in common, which distinguish them from the species of
Gymnopternus, and thus they form the genus Pelastoneurus. As
the most important of these characters may be mentioned the
feathered arista, the broad face, which is common to both sexes,
strongly convex upon its lower part, and provided with a sharp,
curved inferior margin ; also the elongated and distinctly peduncu-
lated hypopygium. On the contrary all those species, in which the

PARACLIUS. 99

end of the fourth longitudinal vein forms a curve, the concavity of
which is turned backwards, and which in this respect differ more
than the others from the species of Gymnopternus, approach them
very closely in the structure of the face, and are easily distinguished
on that account from the species of Pelastoneurus ; the structure
of their face would be indeed altogether like that of the species of
Gymnopternus, if the face was not somewhat less broad and more
narrowed below. The structure of their hypopygium also ap-
proaches more to that of the species of Gymnopternus, than to
Pelastoneurus, the hypopygium not being elongated and being
provided with a shorter peduncle, so as to appear sessile or almost
sessile. The outer appendages of all the species have more of the
usual form of a shell than those of the species of Pelastoneurus.
While there is a great uniformity with regard to all the above men-
tioned characters, this is not the case with the structure of the
antennae. In both species, which I describe below, the third joint
of the antennae is rounded and the arista more or less distinctly
hairy, but not feathered. In the species from Surinam, which I
have described in the Wiener Entomol. Monatschr. as Gymnop-
ternus leucospilus, the third joint of the antennae is longer, quite
distinctly excised on its upper side, and has, like the species of Pe-
lastoneurus, a distinctly feathered arista. Whether this difference
in the structure of the antennas is sufficient to form two genera of
these species, I am unable to decide, on account of the scanty ma-
terial at my disposal, but I rather incline to that opinion. Doli-
chopus heteropterus Macq. undoubtedly belongs to this group, but
whether it is more related to the two species described below, or
to G. leucospilus, cannot be decided without the comparison of the
specimen ; however, according to the statements and the drawing
which Mr. Macquart furnishes of the structure of the antennae,
the former seems to be the case. Mr. Bigot founded upon it a
separate genus, which he calls Paracleius, and distinguishes it
from the genus Gymnopternus by the latter having the third joint
of the male antennae slightly excised on the upper side, and the
fourth longitudinal vein bent, while in Paracleius the third joi-nt
of the male antennae is not excised on the upper side, and the
fourth longitudinal vein is strongly bent. My experience does
not, as yet, allow me to agree with this mode of subdivision ; I
therefore cannot adopt the genus Paracleius in the sense of Mr.
Bi^ot. Nevertheless, I see no inconvenience in retaining the

100 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

newly coined name, with the usual latinized modification in Para-
clius, for the new genus which I intend to establish and to define
here. As our principal aim at present is an available generic
distribution of the already known North American species, I will
merely have the latter in view in establishing the characters of
Paraclius, and leave out G. leucospilus for the present. The
discovery of a larger number of related species will have to decide
whether the character of Paraclius is to be modified so as to admit
species like G. leucospilus, or whether a new genus is to be founded
for such species.

The following are the characters of the genus : The first joint
of the antennas hairy on the upper side ; third joint of the antennae
rounded ; arista dorsal, with the ordinary pubescence, not feathered.
Face of very moderate breadth, narrowed towards the bottom, not
convex in its lower part and not reaching to the inferior corner of
the eye. The first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles. The
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, beyond its middle, is
bent forward in a rounded angle, thence running in a curve, with
the concave side turned backwards, towards the margin of the
wing, and reaching it quite near the tip of the third longitudinal
vein, so that the first posterior cell has but a small opening. Hy-
popygium entirely disengaged, not prolonged, with a very short
pedicel, so as to appear sessile or nearly so ; the exterior append-
ages lamelliforin.

The characteristic differences between Paraclius on one side
and Gymnopternus and Pelastoneurus on the other, will be easily
understood from the foregoing. Besides the species of the latter
two genera, there, are those of the genus Hercostomus, which re-
semble the species of Paraclius; but in this genus the last seg-
ment of the fourth longitudinal vein only very gradually approaches
the third longitudinal vein, without any vestige of an angular
flexure, and reaches the margin of the wing not so near the third
longitudinal vein.

Only American species of -Paraclius are as yet known. The
name of the genus (from xapa — xheiu, I close), means that the first
posterior cell of the species is almost closed.

PARACLIUS. 101

Table for the determination of the Species.

Arista with long hairs ; first segment of the costa not swollen.

1 arcuatus Lw.

Arista with short hairs ; first segment of the costa strongly swollen.

2 albonotatus, n. sp.

Description of the Species.

1. P. arcuatus LOEW. $> . — Obscure viridis, pedibus flavis, ex parte
fuscis, alis nigricantibus, primo costae segmento non incrassato.

Dark green, feet yellow, partially dark-brown, wings blackish, first seg-
ment of the costa not thickened. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.11.

SYN. Pelastoneurus arcuatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 39, 4.

Green, bright. Face narrow, still narrower below, covered with
thick white dust. Front green, rather dull from a whitish dust.
Antennas comparatively small, black, the third joint rounded.
Arista with comparatively long hairs, but not feathered. Cilia
of the inferior orbit whitish. The upper side of the thorax is
upon the first two-thirds of a dark bronze color and less bright,
upon the last third of a magnificent golden green color and very
bright ; the triangular impression on each side near the transverse
suture is thickly covered with white dust ; a small spot in the vi-
cinity of the posterior corner of the thorax is dusted in a similar
manner. In looking at the thorax from behind, a deep black
stripe-like double spot above the root of the wing becomes appa-
rent. Scutellum rather bright, of copperish color with a green
middle line. The extreme tips of its lateral corners are deep
black, and the hairs on its upper side are particularly distinct.
Abdomen bright, rather dark green, along the incisures blacker,
the lateral margins of the single segments with not very distinct
spots of whitish dust. Pleura greenish-black, and rather gray
from a thin whitish dust. Fore coxse yellowish-brown, towards
the tip lighter ; middle and hind coxae as far as the tip black.
Feet brownish-yellow ; fore and middle femora on the upper side
brownish, hind femora rather dark brown upon their whole latter
part. Hind tibisB, with the exception of the root, dark brown.
Fore and middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint dark brown ;
the whole hind tarsi blackish-brown. Cilia of the tegulse black.
Wings blackened, towards the anterior margin darker ; the last
segment of -the fourth longitudinal vein is suddenly bent forward

102 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

almost at a right angle, and this segment forms a curve, the con-
vexity of which is turned backwards.
Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

2. P. altoonotatus, n. sp. £ and 9- — Obscure viridis, pedibus
totis nigris, alls nigricantibus, primo costae dimidio valde incrassato.

Dark green, feet entirely black, wings blackish, the first segment of the
costa very much thickened. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.18. Long. al. 0.17.

Dark green, sometimes more bronze-green. Face of the £
narrow, of the 9 a little broader ; in both sexes it is covered with
a snow-white dust. Palpi brownish-black. Antennas entirely
black, of very moderate size, the third joint rounded ; arista with
the usual short pubescence. Front covered with a rather dense
white dust. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. Thorax dark me-
tallic green, sometimes, with the exception of the posterior part of
the upper side, of a dusky bronze-color. The pleurse and the
triangular lateral impression on the transverse suture are covered
with a bright white dust. Scutellum of the same color as the
upper side of the thorax. Abdomen on the posterior margin of
the single segments usually rather blackish-blue-green, upon t^e
remaining part of the segments more golden-green or coppery ;
on the lateral margin covered with white dust. Hypopygium
disengaged, sessile, greenish-black ; lamella only of very moderate
size, rounded, brownish-black. Coxae and feet black, the former
covered with black hairs, the latter with a greenish lustre ; fore
tibiae only with a simple row of bristles ; middle and hind tibiae
with numerous bristles. Tegulae blackish-brown, with black cilia.
Wings of moderate size, of an elongated-oval shape, blackened ;
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein about its middle
is bent forward at an obtuse angle, and its tip, which reaches the
margin quite near the third longitudinal vein, forms a curve, the
concavity of which is turned backwards. In the $ the portion of
the costa which lies before the end of the first longitudinal v^in
shows a very strong swelling ; in the 9 this swelling is much
weaker, but still of a rather conspicuous size.

Hab. New Orleans.

PELASTONEURUS. 103

Gen. V. PELASTONEIJRIJS.

The characters of the genus are the following: First joint of
the antennas short, hairy on the upper side ; third joint rounded ;
arista dorsal, distinctly feathered. Face in both sexes compara-
tively broad, upon its lower part strongly convex; its lower
margin is sharp, and forms a curve. Proboscis stouter than in
Gymnopternus, and approaching in its structure the species of
Medeterus. The first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles.
The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein turns forward at
or beyond its middle in a strong curve, and runs then almost in a
straight line towards the margin of the wing, which it reaches
closely in the vicinity of the tip of the third longitudinal vein, so
that the first posterior cell is almost closed. The hypopygiurn
is entirely disengaged, very much elongated, pedunculated, with
^lainelliform black appendages, which, in most of the species, have
a very elongated form, and are of a more tough substance than in
the allied genera.

The next related genus is Paraclius. The differences of both
have already been detailed above. Pelastoneurus can hardly be
mistaken for any other genus. '

As yet, only American species of Pelastoneurus have been
made known. Among the species described by former authors,
Dolichopus maculipes Walk., andi>. bifrons Walk., seem to be-
long here. The name of the genus (from *f?ia!w, I approach, and
vevpov, the nerve) has reference to the position and the peculiar
course of the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein.

Table for the determination of the Species.

, ( Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 2

1 Cilia of the inferior orbit pale. 4

, Thorax with a large spot of white dust on the posterior margin.

2-1 1 longicauda Lw.

( Thorax without a spot of white dust on the posterior margin. 3

o ( Wings blackened. 2 lugubris Lw.

\ Wings gray. 3 laetus Lw.

. ( Fore coxae blackened at the basis. 4 vagans Lw.

Fore coxae not blackened at the basis. 5 cognatus Lw.

••

104 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Systematic arrangement of the Species.

I. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.

1. longicauda Lw. 3. lastus Lw.

2. lugubris Lw.

II. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale.

4. vagans Lw. 5. cognatus Lw.

Description of the Species.
I. ClLIA OP THE INFERIOR ORBIT BLACK.

1. P. longicauda LOEW. £. — Aeneo-niger, facie argenteo micante,
sub antennis triangulum nigrum gerente, ciliis oculorum inferioribus
nigris.

Bronze-black ; face with a silvery lustre, with a black triangular spot
under the antennae ; cilia of the inferior orbit black. Long. corp. 0.17.
Long. al. 0.16.

SYN. Pelastoneurus longicauda LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 37, 1.

Face, for a £ , extremely l?road, the inferior two thirds of it are
strongly convex and have a bright silvery-white reflection, which
shows a somewhat olive-brown appearance only in a certain ob-
lique light ; the upper, flat portion of the face has in each lower
corner a deep, triangular spot with a silvery lustre ; that triangu-
lar part of it, which is not covered by this spot, appears deep-
black, when seen from above ; seen from below, it appears less
dark and somewhat dusty. The lower margin of the fac,e is very
sharp. Palpi large, on the outside with a silvery-white lustre
and covered with black hairs. Front shining blackish. Antennae
brownish black ; the under side of the first and second joints
brownish-red ; the rounded third joint rather large. Arista
rather short, very much thinner towards the tip, and upon the last
two thirds with short feathery hairs. Cilia of the inferior orbit
black. Thorax bronze-black, rather shining, with an almost imper-
ceptible white dust ; the upper side of the thorax shows five spots
covered with snow-white dust, namely one on each side near the
transverse suture, one in the shape of a dot, on each side above
the root of the wing near the posterior corner, and finally a large
triangular spot in the middle of the hind margin ; the velvet-black
stripe-like double spot immediately above the root of the wing,
so common in the species of this genus, is very distinct here.

PELASTONEURUS. 105

Coxae and pleurae black, with a silvery lustre. Scutellum ' with
velvet-black lateral spots and with a velvet-black middle-stripe,
smooth steel-blue between the corners and the middle stripe. Ab-
domen with a violet lustre. Hypopygiuru black, upon the under
side covered with snow-white dust, pedunculated, not very stout,
but very long, so that it reaches as far as the basis of the abdo-
men ; the comparatively small lamellae brownish-black ; the inte-
rior appendages slender, black, provided at the tip with not very
numerous but long hairs in the shape of a brush. Feet brownish-
yellow, hind femora blackened on the upper side of the extreme
tip ; the bristles on the upper side of the tibiae are inserted upon
irregular small black-brown spots ; tarsi dark brown, paler at the
basis. Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings comparatively small
and narrow, tinged with blackish-gray and darker towards the
end of the anterior margin.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sackeu.)

Observation. — The punctation of the tibiae may remind one of
Dolichopus maculipes Walk. This species is described as only
one and a half lines long and bronze-green, and with all the
femora having black tips. No mention whatever is made in Mr.
Walker's description of the very peculiar structure of the face
and of the striking white spots on the thorax, which are peculiar
to Pelastoneurus longicauda. Under such circumstances the
identification of these two species is impossible, the more so as all
the species of Pelastoneurus are very much alike and as the spots
on the tibiae are a character which frequently occurs in this genus.

2. P. lugllbris LOEW. 9 . — Niger, tliorace fusco-pollinoso, opaco, ciliis
oculorutn inferioribus nigris, alls nigricantibus.

Black, thorax covered with, brown dust, dull ; cilia of the inferior orbit
black ; wings blackish. Long. corp. 0.11. Long. al. 0.10.

SYN. Pelastoneurus lugubris LOEW, Netie Beitr. VIII, 38, 2.

Black. Face black, with a whitish, not shining dust, and with
a blackish-brown, not well defined middle stripe ; upon the larger,
inferior part but moderately convex. Palpi rather large, black,
on the outside with a thin whitish dust and black hairs. Front dull,
brownish-black. Antennae reddish-brown, the basis of the first
and the larger part of the third joint brownish-black ; the third
joint is small and rather rounded, beset with short but distinct

106 D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

hairs. Arista towards the tip with short feathery hairs. Cilia of
the inferior orbit black. The spot on each side near the transverse
suture of the thorax is covered with white dust, however this dust
is not distinctly seen in every direction ; the usual deep-black
stripe-shaped double spot immediately above the root of the wing
becomes distinctly visible, when looking at the thorax from be-
hind ; likewise the usual little white spot in the neighborhood of
the hind corner is seldom distinctly seen and is always very small.
On the posterior margin of the thorax there is no spot with white
dust. Scutelluin bluish-black with velvet-black lateral corners.
In well preserved specimens there is a middle-stripe with grayish-
white dust. Pleurse black, gray on account of a thin whitish
dust. Abdomen bronze-black, each segment on the lateral margin
with a small spot covered with white dust and not visible in every
direction. Fore coxae brownish-yellow, with an almost imper-
ceptible, very thin covering of white dust. Middle and hind coxas
black. The color of the feet is rather variable ; usually they are
yellowish-brown, the upper side of the anterior femora, the tip of
the hind femora, likewise all the tibias and tarsi black-brown ;
nevertheless there are specimens in which they are more of a
brownish-yellow color and where the tip of the femora and the
tarsi, with the exception of their roots, are blackish-brown, while
the upper side of the tibise is indistinctly spotted in consequence
of the brownish color of the places of insertion of the bristles.
Cilia of the tegulse black. Halteres blackish. Wings rather
small, narrowed towards the basis, distinctly blackened, darker
towards the anterior margin ; in more faded specimens dark mar-
gins appear around the veins, as is also the case in the other
species of the same genus.

Hob. Trenton Falls, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

3. P. laetus LOEW. % . — Viridis, ciliis oculorum inferioribus nigris,
fronte et dimidio thoracis posteriore violaceis, alis ex fusco cinereis.

Green, cilia of the inferior orbit black ; front and hind part of the thorax
violet ; wings brownish-gray. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long. al. 0.12
—0.13.

SYN. Pelastoneurus Isetus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 38, 3.

Dark-green, rather shining. Face considerably broad and
covered with a dense snow-white dust, the inferior third convex.

PELASTONEURUS. 107

Palpi of moderate size and yellowish color, covered on the outside
with snow-white dust. Antennae yellowish-red, the third joint a
little longer than broad, at the tip altogether rounded, its apical
half blackish-brown ; arista towards the tip with short feathery
hairs. Cilia of the inferior orbit black. Front violet, sometimes
almost steel-blue. Upper side of the thorax green with a thin
gray-brownish dust, upon the larger portion of the posterior part
violet ; the spot on each side of the suture is covered with white
dust ; the usual deep black, stripe-shaped double spot, immedi-
ately above the root of the wing is very distinct ; the small dot
of white dust in the vicinity of the hind corner, however, is seldom
distinctly visible ; on the posterior margin of the thorax there is
no spot of white dust. Scutellum shining black-green with deep-
black lateral corners ; only in faultless specimens there is a middle
stripe of white-grayish dust, surrounded by a more black color-
ing. Pleurae black, gray on account of whitish dust. Each seg-
ment of the abdomen has on the lateral margin a spot of white
dust, which is not very sharply defined, and the sixth, small seg-
ment, is entirely covered with whitish dust. Hypopygiuni shortly
pedunculated, greenish-black ; on the under side gray from pale
dust ; it reaches with its tip as far as the middle of the abdomen ;
the long brownish-black lamellae are narrow, at the end gently bent
upwards, reaching the basis of the abdomen ; the slender interior
appendages are also blackish-brown, beset at the tip with a few
long hairs. Fore coxa? yellowish, middle and hind coxa? blackish
almost as far as the tip. Feet pale-yellowish ; the tip of the hind
femora is not of a dark color, and the bristles on the upper side
of the tibia? are not inserted on dark spots ; middle and hind tarsi,
with the exception of the roots, black-brown ; fore tarsi brown
only at the tip. Cilia of the tegulae black. Wings with a more
brownish-gray than blackish-gray tinge and darker towards the
anterior margin.

Hob. Georgia; District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

II. ClLIA OP THE INFERIOR ORBIT PALE.

4. P. vagans LOEW. % and 9 • — Obscure viridis vel nigro-seneus ;
antenuarum basi rufa, ciliis oculorum inferioribus pallidis, coxis anticis,
excepto apice, nigris, alls cinereis.

Dark-green or bronze-black ; the root of the antennae red ; cilia of the in-

108 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

ferior orbit pale ; fore coxae with the exception of the tip black ; wings
gray. Long. corp. 0.15 — 0.16. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Pelastoneurus vagans LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 39, 5.

Dark-green or blackish bronze-colored, moderately shining.
Face broad, with a snow-white dust, in the 9 with a broad gray-
brownish middle stripe, which is wanting in the £ ; its lower part
convex. Palpi rather large, blackish, yellowish at the tip, on the
outside covered with a dense snow-white dust and black hairs.
Front covered with a brown dust, seldom entirely concealing
the ground color, which is steel-blue, except in the vicinity of the
upper corners where it is violet. Antennae not very long, the
third joint, however, which is rounded and distinctly hairy, is
rather large ; their color is red ; the upper side of the first and
the greater part of the third joint are black-brown ; sometimes the
upper side of the second joint has the same color. Arista with
rather long feathery hairs. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish.
The color of the upper side of the thorax, in recently excluded
specimens, is more green, and shows then two longitudinal lines
of a violet color, which increase in breadth backwards and become
visibly divergent; in more faded specimens this color is more dark
bronze-black, and of the two violet longitudinal lines only the
hind part is often perceptible, which then becomes more extended.
The spot of white dust on each side, near the suture, and the usual
deep-black double spot immediately above the root of the wing, are
very striking ; upon the hind corner, which is of a brighter green
color, there is a spot of white dust in a diagonal direction ; how-
ever, it is very difficult to perceive. The extreme tip of the lateral
corner of the scutellum appears black, the elevated middle stripe is
usually green, and the slight depression on each side of the latter
more bronze-colored. I cannot perceive any hairs upon the sur-
face of the scutellum. Abdomen bronze-green, often somewhat
copper-colored ; the white dust in the vicinity of the lateral mar-
gin does not form any distinct spots. Coxoe black with a bright
snow-white lustre ; fore coxae yellow at the tip to a rather large
extent, the middle and hind ones only to a very small extent.
Feet somewhat brownish-yellow ; fore tarsi only at the tip, middle
and hind tarsi from the tip of the first joint, blackish-brown. Cilia
of the teguloa black. Wings in recently developed specimens
slightly tinged with gray, in faded ones visibly darker. The

TACHYTRECHTJS. 109

elongated and slender hypopygium is pedunculated and of a black
color ; the long and narrow lamellce are of an equal breadth, black,
fringed with rather long black hairs ; the interior appendages
small, without hairs at the tip.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

5. P. coguatlis LOEW. 9- — Obscure seneus, antennarum rufarum
apice fusco, ciliis oculorum inferioribus pallidis, coxis anticis totis flavis.

Dark bronze-colored ; the tip of the red antennae brown ; cilia of the infe-
rior orbit pale ; fore coxae entirely pale. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long,
al. 0.10.

Of this species I know only the 9 , which is a little larger than
that of the preceding species, and is distinguished from it by the
paler antennae, by the feathery hairs of the arista being a little
longer, by the depression on each side of the suture, of the thorax
which is dusted with white only in the interior corner, and by the
entirely yellow fore coxse. The' specific distinctness cannot be
called in doubt.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. VI. TACHYTRE CHITS.

The vertical diameter of the strongly pubescent eyes is very
large, and, on that account, the head very high. The face is com-
paratively narrow, becomes gradually broader towards the bottom,
and reaches altogether the lower corner of the eyes. Palpi of very
moderate size, also in the female. The first joint of the antennsa
hairy on the upper side ; the third joint of moderate size, rounded
or ovate. Arista dorsal, with an almost imperceptible microscopic
pubescence or apparently bare. Cilia of the whole orbit particu-
larly long. Feet rather slender ; femora not very strong ; the fore
femora towards the basis a little thickened. The first joint of the
hind tarsi not bristly. Wings comparatively small ; the last seg-
ment of the fourth longitudinal vein converges gradually towards
the third longitudinal vein, so as to reach the margin of the wing
only at a moderate distance from this vein and before the tip of
the wing ; upon its middle there is a more or less distinct flexure,
which is sometimes more considerable in the g than in the 9 ,
but is never very strong. The hypopygium is entirely disengaged,
with lamelliform rounded exterior appendages of moderate size.

110 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

The habitus of the species belonging to the genus Tachytrechus
is very peculiar, so that they cannot be easily mistaken or con?
founded with species of another genus. It is difficult to give an
adequate expression to such peculiarities of the habitus' in the
characteristic of a genus. All that has been said above about the
peculiar structure of the head, deserves in this respect especial
attention. A particular mark, which distinguishes the genus
Tachytrechus from all the other related genera is, that the face
reaches as far as the inferior corner of the eye.

The species of Tachytrechus known at present are found in
Europe, Asia Minor, Africa and North America.

The name of the genus (from taxvt, rapid, and tpeXu, I run),
has reference to the habit of many species to run along sandy and
muddy banks.

Table for the determination of the Species.

, f Antennae for the most part dark yelfow. 1 moechus Lw.

I Antennre altogether black. 2

2 f Tibiae brownish-yellow almost to the tip. 2 vorax Lw.

\ Tibiae black, with a greenish reflection. 3 angustipennis Lw.

Systematic arrangement of the Species.

I. The second joint of the antennae rudimentary.

1. moechus Lw.

II. The second joint of the antennae of the usual structure.

2. vorax Lw. 3. angustipennis Lw.

Description of the Species.
I. THE SECOND JOINT OP THE ANTENNAE RUDIMENTARY.

1. T. moechus LOEW. $ and 9- — Viridi-aeneus, antennis maxima

ex parte flavis.
$ . Setae antennalis tenuissimae apice in lamellam atram dilatato, pedibus

flavis.
9 • Seta antennali simplice, pedibus nigro et testaceo variegatis.

Bronze-green, antennae mostly yellow.

^ . The tip of the very slender arista enlarged into a black lamella, feet

yellow.

J . Arista simple, feet partly black, partly brownish-yellow. Long. corp.
' 0.24—0.26. Long. al. 0.22—0.23.

SYN. Tachytrechus moechus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 40, 1.

TACHTTRECHUS. Ill

Male. Face very long and narrow, more broad below, almost
t golden-yellow, but without any lustre. Palpi small, blackish.
Antenna?, in consequence of the rudimentary condition of the
second joint, apparently two-jointed, as in the male of the
genus Haltericerus ; the first joint elongated and somewhat
swollen, of a bright dark-yellow, bare on the under side, on the
upper side covered with black hairs ; the rudimental second joint
of the same color ; the third joint also extremely small, rounded
or somewhat kidney-shaped, brownish-black and only at the root
yellow. The arista very slender, bare, half as long as the thorax
and abdomen taken together ; it is black, only at the extreme tip
white, and ends in a small, deep-black, rather rounded lamella, which
is white at its extreme, somewhat attenuated, basis. Front metallic-
green, rather without lustre, covered with brown-gray dust, which
is only visible when viewed from the side. Cilia of the posterior
orbit black above, yellowish below. Thorax metallic-green,
usually with a more bronze or copper-colored or even violet mid-
dle line ; it is rather shining, covered, however, with a distinct
brownish-yellow dust. Scutellurn and abdomen have the same
color and dusted covering. Hypopygium pedunculated, black,
upon the lower side more black-green, and covered with yellow
dust ; the yellow, rather rounded lamella? with not very long black
hairs. Pleurae with a covering of thick dark-yellow dust upon
bronze-green ground. Fore coxae bright yellow with almost gol-
den-yellow dust, without any lustre and with some delicate sparse
black little hairs. Middle and hind coxae blackish, gray on ac-
count of a yellowish dust. Feet bright yellow ; middle and hind
tarsi from the middle of the first joint brownish-black ; fore tarsi
almost imperceptibly flattened ; in a certain direction they show
a bright snow-white lustre, which reaches as far as the root upon
the fore tibias. Hind femora before the tip with a single bristle.
Cilia of the tegulas black. Wings tinged with gray. The tip of
the fourth longitudinal vein is near the tip of the third.

Female. It differs remarkably from the male in color. Face
very narrow for a female, a little broader below, pale gray-yellow-
ish, seldom white-grayish, and then at least upon its inferior part
yellowish. Palpi small, blackish. First joint of the antennas
much smaller than that of the male, less swollen, and more of a
reddish-yellow color ; the second joint of the same color and less
abortive than in the male ; the third joint a little larger than that

112 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

of the male, brownish-black, reddish-yellow only on the inferior
side of the basis, rounded. The black arista plain, bare, gradually
thinner towards the end. Front and cilia of the posterior orbit the
same as those of the male. Upper side of the thorax less green,
more bronze-colored, the dust more brown, and the middle line,
which is of a different color, more distinct. The abdomen is more
of a bronze color ; the dust upon it, however, is rather whitish.
The dust on the pleurae is also more whitish than yellow. The
fore coxae are likewise blackened as far as the extreme tip ; femora
green-black ; their tip to a considerable extent with a yellowish-
brown tinge, which extends further on the lower side than on the
upper side ; hind femora before the tip only with one bristle. Fore
tibiae usually brownish-yellow, with a very thin whitish pruinose
covering ; fore tarsi black, with the exception of their extreme
basis. Middle and hind tibiae usually dark brown, with yellowish-
brown basis and with black tip. Hind tarsi brownish-black. Cilia
of the tegulae black. Wings tinged with black.

Hob. Trenton Falls, K Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A genus, based upon the present very remark-
able species, would be entitled to the same claims as the genus
Haltericerus, with which it nearly coincides in the structure of
the antennae. I consider the establishment of such a genus as un-
necessary, as this species agrees in all other respects with the
already known species of Tachytrechus, which, however, are as
yet not very numerous.

II. THE SECOND JOINT OP THE ANTENNAE OP THE USUAL

STRUCTURE. •

2. T. vorax LOEW. $ and £> . — JEneus, abdomine seneo-viridi, anten-

nis pedibusque nigris, femorum apice tibiisque prseter apicem flavis.
$ . Apice alarum gutta Candida niaculaque adjecta atra ornato.
9 • Alis immaculatis.

Bronze-colored, abdomen bronze-green, antennae and feet black, tip of
femora and the tibiae, with the exception of the tip, black.

$ . Tip of the wings with a snow-white drop, and with an adjoining deep-
black spot.

$ . Wings spotless. Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27. Long. al. 0.23—0.24.

STN. Tachytrechus vorax LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 41, 2.

Face narrow, but considerably broader than that of the previous

TACHYTRECHUS. 113

species, broader inferiorly, in both sexes covered with a pale yel-
low dust, and without lustre. Palpi small, black. Antennae of the
usual form, black. Arista in both sexes plain and bare. Front
covered with a dense yellow or brown dust. Cilia of the posterior
orbit above black, below white. Upper side of the thorax with a
gray-yellowish or brownish-yellow dust upon a metallic-green or
partially copper-colored and lustrous ground, very dull. The
scutellum has a similar coloring, still its ground color can some-
times be distinctly recognized. Abdomen green and coppery,
dull with a gray-whitish dust. Pleurae and coxa? grayish-green,
on account of a whitish dust upon green ground. Femora dark
metallic-green, thinly pruinose with whitish, their tip brownish-
yellow ; hind femora before their tip with a row of four bristles ;
tibia? brownish-yellow ; the tip of the fore and hind tibia? blackened,
the tip of the middle tibia? usually only brown. Tarsi black, plain
also in the male ; the fore tarsi usually brownish-yellow only at the
extreme root, the middle tarsi, however, brownish-yellow upon the
first half of the first joint. Cilia of the tegula? black. Wings of
the male narrow, hyaline, scarcely tinged with gray, at the tip with
a small spot, the first two-thirds of which are deep-black, the last
third, however, appears snow-white when seen against the light.
Wings of the female not quite so narrow as those of the g , dis-
tinctly tinged with gray, with a slight dark shadow around the
hind transverse vein. The end of the fourth longitudinal vein in
both sexes is less approximate to the end of third longitudinal
vein, than in the previous species. The short peduuculated hy-
popygium of the J* is black, upon the inferior side more greenish-
black, but gray from a pale dust ; the lamella? are black, of mode-
rate size only, rather rounded, and covered with black hairs.
Hab. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

3. T. angustipennis LOEW. £ . — Viridis, antennis nigris, pedibus
totis ex viridi nigris, alis immaculatis, basim versus attenuatis.

Green, antennae black ; the whole feet greenish-black ; wings spotless, nar-
rower towards the basis. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.19.

SYN. Taclnjtrechus angustipennis LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeit. VI, 213, 64.

Green and but little shining, on account of being rather densely
covered with a fine dust. Palpi black, with a gray-yellowish
dust. Face pale, ochre-yellow, dull. The rather small antenna?
8

t

114 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Mack. Front dull from being covered with an ochre-yellow dust.
Cilia of the lateral and inferior orbit whitish.. The upper side of
the thorax is covered with a grayish ochre-yellow dust, so as to
make the green ground color but little apparent ; up1 on its middle
there are two brown longitudinal lines, which diverge a little behind
and' are very much shortened ; some portions of the usual lateral
stripes are also visible, and the single bristles are inserted upon
brownish-black spots. Scutellum dull, usually more brown than
the upper side of the thorax. Pleurae greenish-gray. Abdomen
green, covered with a rather thick whitish dust, which gives it a
somewhat checkered appearance ; viewed from another point, the
middle line and the posterior margins of the single segments ap-
pear almost black. Hypopygiurn black, with whitish dust ; the
lamellae are of moderate size, rounded oval, with short hairs,
which are black on the upper and apical margin, and whitish on
the lower margin. Coxae black, with yellow- whitish dust ; fore
coxas beset with extremely short, delicate and sparse hairs ; be-
sides, on the inner side of their basis there are a few stiif black
hairs, and towards the tip a few black bristles. Feet black ; fe-
mora and tibia? with a metallic-green lustre ; on the front side of
the hind femora there is a single black bristle, rather distant from
the tip ; very characteristic are the bristles on the upper side of
the hind tibiae, which have shorter bristles in the vicinity of the
basis and a longer one near the tip, otherwise of the usual shape ;
upon the middle, however, there is a row of three solitary remark-
ably flattened bristles. All the tarsi plain. Cilia of the tegulae
black. Wings narrow, towards the basis remarkably narrowed,
grayish-hyaline ; the second portion of the marginal cell more dis-
tinctly dusky, the posterior transverse vein with a somewhat
darker margin ; the costa distinctly thickened upon the middle of
its first segment.

Hob. District of Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. VII. QRTHOCHILE.

The following are characters of the genus OrtliocMle : Probos-
cis slender, elongated and directed straight downwards. Palpi
likewise very elongated. The first joint of the antennae distinctly
hairy on the upper side, the second transverse, the third not elon-
gated. Arista dorsal, with an extremely short, almost impercepti-

ORTHOCHILE — SYBISTROMA. 115

ble microscopic pubescence. The inferior corner of the eye dis-
tinctly encased in the narrow cheeks. Hypopygiura entirely dis-
engaged, sessile, its exterior appendages lamelliform. The first
joint of the hind tarsi without bristles. The last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third, although but
gradually, still sufficiently so as to reach the margin of the wing
quite far from its tip, in the immediate vicinity of the tip of the third
longitudinal vein. The whole structure of the body approaches
rather closely that of the species of ffercostomus, still the species
of Orthochile distinguish themselves sufficiently by the extraordi-
nary elongation of the proboscis and of the palpi, and by the pre-
sence of narrow cheeks ; besides, the tips of the third and fourth
longitudinal veins lie more closely together and farther from the
tip of the wing, than it is the case with any of the species of
Hercostomus. The described species of this genus are found in
Europe and in Asia Minor. The North American species, which
Mr. Walker described as Orthochile derempta, cannot, by any
means, be an Orthochile, as its arista has an apical position. In
what genus it is to be located, or "whether a new genus is to be
created for it, cannot be determined from the very imperfect state-
ments of Mr. Walker, as he does not even state the sex of his spe-
cimen, nor whether the first joint of the antennae is bare or hairy,
whether the first joint of the hind tarsi is bristly or without bris-
tles, and whether the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards
the third or not.

The name of the genus (from 6p£oj, straight, and ^saoj, the lip)
has reference to the form of the proboscis, by which the species of
this genus can easily be distinguished.

Gen. VIII. SYBISTROMA.

The following are the most important characters of the genus
Sybistroma : Face not reaching as far as the lower corner of the
eye, very narrow in the male, very broad in the female. The first
joint of the antennas distinctly hafty^bn the upper side ; the second
joint of the antennce transverse ; the third narrow and somewhat
long in the male, broad and short in the female. Arista sub-
apical ; in the male it is very long, its first joint longer than the
second and thickened at the end in the shape of a knot ; the second
has at its end a lamelliform enlargement. Scutellum very dis-

116 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

tinctly hairy. Hypopygium entirely disengaged, on a short pe-
duncle ; its exterior appendages lamelliform. The first joint of
the hind tarsi without bristles. First posterior cell narrow,
towards its end very narrow ; nevertheless the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein only very gradually approaches the third
longitudinal vein.

The next related genera are Hercostomus and Hypophyllus.;
their species were formerly located with Sybistroma. From both
these genera Sybistroma differs, besides the peculiar structure of
the antennas of the male, by the very distinct hairs on the scutel-
lum.

This genus was hitherto confined to the European Sybistroma
nodicornis, unless perhaps Sybistroma Dufourii belongs to it.

The derivation of the name of this genus is not clear to me.
That it should be derived from clfivvij, the spear, and otpZfia, the
couch, is not probable, at least it would then be a very unsuccess-
ful composition.

Gen. IX. HERCOSTOMUS.

I have' established the genus Hercostomus in the fifth number
of the " Neue Beitrage," upon the species Sybistroma cretifer
H&l., fulvicaudis Walk., and longiventris Loew. These species
agree in the following characters ; in the distinct pubescence of
the otherwise plain arista ; in the structure of the proboscis ; in
the distinct hairs upon the surface of the suctorial flaps ; in the
glabrousness of the scutellurn, and in the apparently sessile hy-
popygium of the male. Otherwise they approach the species of
Hypophyllus very much, show however among themselves some
marked differences, so that their consolidation into one genus may
be considered as provisional, and will certainly have to be modified
when a more considerable number of species will be known.

In order to give more homogeneity to the genus Gymnopternus,
it was necessary, as I have remarked before, to exclude all those
species the third and fourth longitudinal veins of which are de-
cidedly convergent. These species, however, approach the above
named species of Hercostomus more than the species of any other
genus. I see no difficulty at present to unite them with the genus
Hercostomus, which is not ripe as yet for further subdivision on
account of the insufficiency of our knowledge of its species.

HERCbSTOMUS. 117

The characters of the genus may be defined as follows : An-
tenna? of ordinary structure ; the first joint hairy on the upper
side ; the second joint of the antennas transverse ; the third
joint not elongated ; arista dorsal, of the usual plain structure.
Scutellurn without hairs. Face not reaching as far as the in-
ferior orbit. Hypopygium on a very short peduncle, so as to
appear sessile ; exterior appendages lamelliform ; interior append-
ages but little developed. The first joint of the hind tarsi without
bristles. The first posterior cell narrowed towards its end ; tlje
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein only gradually ap-
proaches the third longitudinal vein.

The differences from the genera Gymnopternus, with its third
and fourth longitudinal veins parallel, from Pelastoneurus with
its feathered arista and the fourth longitudinal vein strongly in-
flected forwards, Paraclius with the end of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein angularly inflected forwards and then running towards
the margin of the wing, in the shape of a segment of a circle, are
self-evident. The species of Hercostomus differ from those of
Hypophyllus by their arista, whieh is plain in both sexes, by the
apparently sessile hypopygiuin and by the lesser development of
its interior appendages.

Up to the present time only European species have been made
known ; I am now enabled to add to them a North American
species.

The name of the genus (from jpxoj, wall, fence, and otopa,
mouth) has reference to the oral opening, surrounded, fence-like,
by the suctorial surface covered with rows of hairs ; this being the
case with those species on which I had originally established this
genus.

1. H. ii til color, n. sp. £ . — Obscure viridis, nitidus, antennis, ocu-
lorum tegularumque ciliis pedibusque totis nigris, alis ciuereis, lamellis
hypopygii ovatis, nigricantibus, in disco sordidissime ex albidis.

Dark-green, bright ; antennae, cilia of the inferior orbit and of the tegulas,
also the feet, black ; wings gray, lamellae of the hypopygium oval,
blackish, upon their middle very dingy whitish. Long. corp. 0.11 —
0.12. Long. al. 0.13.

Dark metallic-green, almost black-green, bright. Front me-
tallic-green. Antennae black ; third joint oval, at the tip only with
a blunt point. The color of the narrow face seems to have been

118 DIPTERA OP NORfH AMERICA. [PART II.

originally gray. Cilia of the inferior orbit, as far as I can dis-
tinguish, black. Scutellum without hairs. Hypopygium black ;
its lamella? rather large, oval, narrowed at the root, fringed with
black hairs ; they have a blackish appearance, are however really
black only on the margin, while in the middle, at least when seen
in a certain direction, they look dingy whitish. Coxa? and feet
black, the latter plain ; femora with a greenish reflection ; the
upper side of the fore tibia? only with two small bristles. The
yellowish-white tegula? have black cilia. Wings grayish hyaline
with rather delicate black veins ; they are comparatively long and
narrow and have a very regular elongated elliptic outline. The
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is especially long,
with an imperceptible sweep and approaches in its entire course
gradually the third longitudinal vein, so that their ends are not
very distant from each other.

Hab. Port Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)

Gen. X. HYPOPHYIXUS.

This genus may be characterized in the following manner : The
first joint of the antennae distinctly hairy on its upper edge, the
second joint of the antennae transverse, the third not elongated ;
the arista dorsal, very bare, rather strong as far as its end ; its
first joint in the male remarkable either for its great length or its
incrassated tip. The face of the male very narrow, especially
below ; the face of the female broader, sometimes much broader.
Scutellum not hairy. Abdomen stretched out, that of the male
rather strikingly pointed at the end. The entirely disengaged
hypopygiuin pedunculated, usually of a yellow color ; its exterior
appendages lie on its under side, stretched out alongside of each
other, and are small, narrow, elongated lamella? ; the interior ap-
pendages are remarkable for their extraordinary development, are
much longer than the exterior ones, either strap-shaped or broader
at the end and beset with long hairs. Feet comparatively long
and slender ; the first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles and
shorter than the second. The last segment of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein has only a very gentle sweep and very gradually ap-
proaches the third longitudinal vein.

The narrow, stretched-out shape of the body, the peculiar struc-
ture of the arista, the long pedunculated yellow hypopygiuin and

IIALTEIUCERUS. 119

the peculiar structure of its appendages, distinguish this genus
sufficiently from all the other related genera.

Only European species of Hypopliyllus are as yet known.

The name of the genus (from vno, under, and $\>MOV, the leaf)
has reference to the mode of life of the species, found in shady
places on bushes and herbs and running on both sides of the leaves.

Gen. XL HALTERICERUS.

This genus was established by Mr. Rondani, in the year 1844,
in the Xth volume of the Annali delle scienze Naturali di Bo-
logna, under the name of Ludomcius, which afterwards, in the
first volume of the Prodromus Dipterologise Italicse, he changed
into Haltericerus. His statements with regard to the characters
of the genus are not sufficient and not altogether correct. I am
able to complete and to correct them as follows, from two Span-
ish species of my .own collection, which, according to Mr. Hali-
day, are also found in Upper Italy.

The face of the male very narrow, that of the female compara-
tively very broad ; in both sexes it does not quite reach the lower
margin of the eye. Palpi small. The first joint of the antenna;
of the male large and very much inflated, in the female much
smaller and less inflated, in both sexes however beset on the upper
side only with extremely short, rather imperceptible hairs. The
second joint of the antennae in both sexes very small, rather rudi-
mental, somewhat imbedded into the first joint and only distin-
guishable by the bristles with which it is fringed at its end. The
third joint of the antenna in the females of all species appears to
be rounded ; in the males it has. either a more elongated or almost
a conical form. The arista of the female is plain, dorsal, two-
jointed, its first joint short. The arista of the male is also two-
jointed ; its first joint is filiform and very much elongated, the ab-
breviated second joint forms a flat lamella ; the position of the
arista in the males with an oval third joint is distinctly subapical,
in the other species it is apical or appears to be so. The neura-
tion of the wings resembles that of the species of Systenus, the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein being gently, but still
sufficiently inflected forward to approach with its end closely to
that of the third longitudinal vein. Feet slender, with scarce
bristles ; the first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles and much

120 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

shorter than the second. Hypopygium entirely disengaged and
pedunculated ; its exterior appendages are lamelliform, the inte-
rior ones much less developed than those of Hypophyllus.

The species of Haltericerus are related to the species of the
genera Hypophyllus and Hercostomus ; they differ from them
sufficiently by the rudimentary second joint of the antennae and
also the structure and position of the arista. They have also
some resemblance to the species *of the genus Systenus, the first
antennal joint of which, however, has no hairs on the upper side
and the arista is distinctly apical in both sexes.

The name of the genus (from dxr^p, the poiser, and xspas the
horn) has reference to the remarkable structure of the arista of
the male.

As yet, only the three above named species of Haltericerus,
which belong to the Fauna of Southern Europe, are known.

Gen. XII. mOSTRACUS.

The North American species, for which I have established this
genus, resembles Thinophilus. In the structure of the abdomen it
reminds me of Aphrosylus, with which it also agrees in the struc-
ture of the hypopygium. It differs from both of these genera by
the distinct hairs on the upper side of the first joint of the antenna?.

The following may be considered as the characters of the pre-
sent genus : Face in both sexes broad ; the palpi in the male of
extraordinary size, in the female much smaller, and in both sexes
loosely recumbent upon the proboscis. Antennae small ; first joint
hairy ; second joint transverse ; third joint extremely small, dis-
tinctly covered with hairs, and with a dorsal bristle. Thorax,
scutellum and feet only with short and very scarce bristles. Ab-
domen with short hairs, without any longer bristles before the in-
cisures. First joint of the hind tarsi without bristles, considera-
bly longer than the second. Wings long and narrow ; the poste-
rior transverse vein somewhat close to the margin of the wing ;
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein without any
flexure, but only a little curved, converging somewhat towards
the third longitudinal vein and ending beyond the tip of the wing.
The fifth segment of the abdomen of the male is rather narrow ;
the small sixth segment partially concealed under the former ; the

DIOSTBACUS. 121

hypopygium .short, stout, rather disengaged ; its outer appendages
are small lamella?.

The genus Diostracus is so peculiar that more detailed state-
ments are unnecessary to distinguish it from other genera. Its
most striking character is the peculiar disk-like form of the palpi
and their very considerable enlargement in the males.

The name of the genus (from fii'j, twice, oarpaxov, potsherd) has
reference to this character.

1. D. prasinus LOEW. $ and J . — Prasinus, subopacus, abdomine
nigricante, pedibus flavis, maris tertio tarsorum anticorum articulo com-
presso et in margine supero pilis nigris barbato.

Leek-green, somewhat dull, with a blackish abdomen and yellow feet ;
third joint of the fore tarsi of the male compressed and bearded on the
upper margin with long hairs. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.20. Long. al. 0.23
—0.24.

SYN. Diostracus prasinus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 44, 1.

Male. Face for a male very broad, metallic-green or blue-
green, sometimes copper-colored, with a rather distinct transverse
swelling, and by far not reaching the lower margin of the eyes ;
dusted with grayish-yellow. Palpi of unusual size, rather rounded,
loosely recumbent upon the proboscis, yellow, covered on the upper
side with a thick snow-white powder, and with a delicate, almost
imperceptible, white pubescence. Proboscis for a male unusually
large and stout, brown. The small antenna? brownish-yellow,
most of the third joint brown, the dorsal arista blackish-brown,
long and not very strong, with a short, but distinct pubescence.
Front above broader, metallic-green or blue-green, seen obliquely,
somewhat darker, without dust. Cilia of the upper orbit black,
of the lateral and inferior orbits yellow. Upper side of the thorax
of a saturate leek-green or parrot-green coloring and with very
little lustre ; on its anterior margin there is some gray-whitish
pollen, which is interrupted by 'the anterior end of a not very
striking and not far-reaching dark-colored middle stripe. The
usual black bristles on the upper side of the thorax are few and
short ; there are no hairs upon it. If examined from behind, a stripe-
like dark scarlet-brown spot, immediately above the root of the wing,
may be noticed ; on the posterior margin of the thorax there is also
a more distinct covering of brown-grayish dust. Scutellum with the
usual bristles, otherwise bare, somewhat short, usually of a more

122 DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

dusky color than the upper side of the thorax. Pleurse with grayish
dust upon blackish-green ground. The metathorax is of unusual
length and slopes but very gradually, so that the length of the
thorax, as compared with that of the abdomen, is unusually large.
The color of the abdomen is dusky blackish-green and but little
metallic ; the hairs are short and only on the posterior margin of the
first segment there are some black hairs of greater length. The
black hypopygium is short and stout, sessile, but rather disengaged ;
its small outer appendages are lamelliform, blackish-brown and
hairy. Fore coxoe long, pale yellow ; on the front side they are beset
with so short and delicate white little hairs that they appear gla-
brous ; at their tip there are black bristles. Middle and hind coxae
yellow, often brownish as far as the tip, especially on the outside.
Feet yellow, rather long ; middle and hind femora very slender ; fore
femora considerably stronger ; all the tibiae on the under side very
bare, otherwise beset with quite short little black hairs ; fore tibiae
rather stout, somewhat compressed and curved inwardly, colored
with brownish-black upon the latter half of the upper side and most
of the hind side thickly bearded with long yellow hairs. Middle
and hind tibiaa plain, beset only with few and weak bristles, infus-
cated at the end. Fore tarsi black, only at the basis of the first
joint brown ; the first joint only a little longer than the second ;
the second at the tip with a vestige of a slight compression ; the
third joint strongly compressed, broad, bearded on the upper edge
with stiff black bristle-like hairs ; the two last joints very short, and
of the usual form. Middle tarsi somewhat longer than the tibiaa,
the first joint about as long as the other three taken together, yel-
lowish-brown with black tip ; the last four joints are black and the
middle tarsi on the hind side rather thickly covered with long
hairs. Hind tarsi black, about as long as the tibioa, of plain struc-
ture and not unusually hairy ; the first three joints are of gradually
diminishing length, the fourth about half as long as the third, and
the fifth again somewhat longer than the fourth. The teguloe
have brown margins with yellowish cilia, which assume, in some
directions, a brown tinge. Wings grayish hyaline, long and nar-
row with rather strong brownish-black veins ; the first longitudinal
vein reaches far beyond the third part of the anterior margin ;
second longitudinal vein straight ; the third longitudinal vein at
its end only very gently curved backwards ; the posterior trans-
verse vein lies far beyond the middle of the wing.

ANEPSIUS — ARGYRA. 123

_

Female. Face broader than that of the male, with a more
developed transverse swelling, and covered with dust of much more
gray color. Palpi much smaller than those of the male, only
about half as large, blackish with yellow-grayish dust, and with a
considerable covering of pale brown hair, which in another direc-
tion appears to be entirely black. The sixth segment of the ab-
domen, although very short, still distinctly perceptible. The hairs
on the anterior side of the fore coxae longer and coarser, yellowish.
Tibia? and tarsi simple and with the usual short hairs ; the joints
of the fore tarsi gradually diminishing in length. The wings
usually a little more tinged than those of the male.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. XIII. ANEPSIUS.

The genus Anepsius shows the closest relation to the genus
Systenus, from which it differs only by the structure of the first
joint of the antennae. Its characters are the following : The first
joint of the antennae hairy on the upper side, the second transverse,
the third rather large ; the arista inserted on its upper side, quite
near the basis. The abdomen of the male appears compressed
from the side. Hypopygium short, not entirely imbedded ; its
outer appendages very small. The first joint of the hind tarsi
without bristles. Wings not enlarged towards their basis ; the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein not inflected and
parallel to the third vein.

The name of the genus (from avsfyos, cousin) has reference to
its intimate relationship with Systenus.

No species of Anepsius has yet been found besides those known
from Europe.

Gen. XIV. ARGYRA.

The species of Argyra • are easily distinguished by the dense
silvery-white dust, which almost in all the species covers head
and abdomen, in many also thorax and scutellum. The majority
of the species of the genus Leucostola resemble in this respect
those of Argyra, and differ from them only by the first joint of the
antennae of the former being entirely bare, while in the species of
Argyra it is covered with hair on the upper side. The following
are the most important characters of the genus Argyra : Second

124 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

joint of the antennae transverse; third in the male rather large,
bare ; the apparently bare and distinctly two-jointed arista is in-
serted close to the tip of the antenna. Wings broad, the posterior
angle rather strongly projecting ; the first longitudinal vein is
rather more distant from the margin of the wing than in most of
the other genera, and is longer than usual ; the fourth longitudinal
vein is inflected forward before the middle of its last segment,
thence however it is quite parallel, or almost parallel, with the
third longitudinal vein ; the posterior transverse vein is not ap-
proximated to the margin of the wing. The first joint of the
hind tarsi without bristles. Hypopygium small, imbedded ; its
outer appendages are two very small, narrow lamellfe directed
downwards ; the interior appendages are of rather simple struc-
ture and often not distinctly perceptible.

The name of the genus (from apyvpoj, silver) has reference to
the beautiful silvery lustre of most of the species.

The hitherto known species are distributed over Europe, a part
of Asia and North America. I know seven North American
species, of which the first has a hairy scutellum and therefore
belongs to the relationship of the European Argyra diaphana.
The other six species have no hairs upon the scutellum ; the upper
side of the first joint of the antennas is, in some of them, so
scarcely provided with hairs that they can easily be mistaken for
species of Leucostola.

Table for the determination of the Species.

, f Scutellum hairy. 1 albicans Lw.

I Scutellum not hairy. 2

0 f Feet mostly black. 3

i
I. Feet entirely or mostly yellow. 4

f The entire fore tibiae and a part of the four posterior tibiae yellow.

2 mgripes, nov. sp.
1 All the tibiae entirely and the root of the fore tarsi yellow.

3 albiventris, nov. sp.

, } The whole feet yellow. 5

I Not the whole feet yellow. 6

f The first joint of the hind tarsi only with the usual very short hairs.

4 minuta Lw.
1 The first joint of the hind tarsi with longer hairs than usual.

5 calcitrans Lw.

„ I Tjp of the hind femora not black. 6 calceata Lw.

I Tip of the hind femora black. 7 cylindrica, nov, sp.

ARGYRA. 125

Systematical arrangement of the Species.

I. Scutellum distinctly hairy. t

1. albicans Lw.

II. Scutellum without hairs.

A. Abdomen somewhat conical, white, glittering.

2. nigripes, nov. sp. 5. calcitrans Lw.

3. albiventris, nov. sp. 6. calceata Lw.

4. minuta Lw.

B. Abdomen entirely cylindrical, without white glitter.

7. cylindrica, nov. sp.

i

Description of the Species.

I. SCUTELLUM DISTINCTLY HAIRY.

1. A. alllicans LOEW. £ and 9. — Scutello piloso, tibiarum postica-
rum apice tarsisque posticis nigris.

Scutellum hairy, tip of the hind tibize and the hind tarsi black. Long,
corp. 0.23—0.24. Long. al. 0.23—0.24.

SYN. Argyra albicans LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 45, 1.

Male. Covered all over with glittering, silvery-white dust. Face
and front of middle breadth, silvery-white. Palpi black. Pro-
boscis brownish-black. Antenna? black, the third joint more
brown-black ; arista distinctly inserted before its end. Cilia of
the superior orbit black, the hair-like cilia of the lateral and infe-
rior orbits snow-white. Upper side of the thorax and Scutellum
shining green, still so that the silvery-white dust seems to cover
the ground color, even if looked upon from different sides. The
scutellum has upon its upper side, besides the usual bristles, some
very distinct little black hairs. Groiind color of the abdomen
greenish-black, the second and third segments have very large,
rounded, transparent yellow lateral spots ; otherwise, the whole
abdomen is also covered with thick silvery-white dust ; its hairs are
almost exclusively black. The small and narrow lamella? of the
hypopygium are brownish-yellow with black tip and with a black
pubescence. Fore coxse yellowish with white dust and with black
bristles and little hairs. Middle and hind coxa3 black with white
dust; their hairs and bristles black. Feet yellow with black
hairs ; upon the under side of the fore and middle femora are in-

126 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

serted black hairs of greater length than those on the under side
of the hind femora, which are brownish-black at the tip. Tibia?
moderately provided with bristles, the hind tibise blackened at the
tip. Fore tarsi towards the end only slightly infuscated ; the first
joint is at least 1± the length of the four following joints together,
upon the under side with a row of delicate, but rather long little
hairs, which may be easily overlooked. Middle tarsi from the
tip of the first joint blackish-brown ; however, the root of the next
following joints somewhat paler ; the first joint is at least by one-
third longer, than the following four joints together. Hind tarsi
entirely black, first and second joint of about the same length,
the following of a decreasing length. Cilia of the tegulse, which
have a black margin, yellowish-white. Wings somewhat grayish
with blackish-brown veins ; the last segment of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein is strongly bent forward before its middle.

Female. Face broader than that of the male, and the palpi
much larger, the latter with a distinct covering of white dust.
The third joint of the antennae, as usual, much smaller than that of
the male. The dust upon the thorax and the scutelluni less thick,
so that the green ground-color is distinctly visible in every direction.
The ground-color of the abdomen is shining and metallic-green,
the dust upon it is confined to the anterior half of the segments,,
extending only upon the last segment as far as the posterior mar-
gin ; the yellow spots of the second segment are about of the same
size and nature as those of the male, those of the third segment
occupy only the anterior corners and are much smaller. The
hairs upon the under side of all the femora are short and the hind
femora are very slightly infuscated at the tip only. All the rest
as in the male.

Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — Notwithstanding the difference in the coloring
of the hind femora, the, female agrees with the above described
male so much, thai I cannot have the least doubt of its being the
other sex of Argyra albicans.

Observation 2. — Argyra albicans can easily be distinguished
from the European Argyra diapliana by its somewhat smaller
size, the paler color of its fore coxae and of the cilia of the tegulse.
Nevertheless it resembles it very much. As Fabricius, in his
Systema Antliatorum, states America to be the home of his Musca
diaphana, it might well be supposed that he meant Argyra albi-

ARGYRA. 127

cans or some similar American species, and that Meigen was mis-
taken when he believed it to be identical with the common European
species. Such a supposition, however, would be erroneous.
Fabricius in his older works (of which at present I cannot com-
pare only the Mantissa II), mentions everywhere Europe as the
habitat. The statement of the Systema Antliatorum is, there-
fore, either a mere mistake, or Fabricius confounded later an
American species with the European one. Even in the latter case
the name cannot be transferred upon the American species. The
first, however, seems to be more probable, because Fabricius
in the Systema Antliatorum, quotes his former works without
the least hesitation, and declares that America is the habitat of
this species, without mentioning at all that he is thus in contra-
diction with his own previous statement.

II. SCUTELLUM WITHOUT HAIRS.
A. Abdomen somewhat conical, glittering with white.

2. A. TI i gripes, n. sp. •£ . — Ex viridi Isete chalybea, abdomine albo
•micante, fronte et facie atris, velutinis, pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis
totis, reliquis ex parte flavicautibus.

Green-blue, with the abdomen glittering white ; front and face velvet-
black ; feet black, the fore tibise entirely and the four posterior tibize
partially yellowish. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.18. Long. al. 0.17.

Green-blue. Front and face velvet-black, without pale dust.
Palpi and proboscis black. The first joint of the antenna? with
a comparatively long and close pubescence. Upper side of the
thorax and of the scutellum shining ; the latter, as far as percepti-
ble, without hair. Abdomen without transparent yellow spots
upon the anterior segments, and with a thick glittering-white dust,
which becomes thinner only towards the basis of the abdomen.
The small lamellse of the hypopygium are brownish-black. Coxje
black ; fore coxa? with coarse black hairs. Femora brownish-
black, the extreme tip of the four anterior ones yellow ; they have
only short hairs and short bristles. Fore tibia? yellow, on the
upper side with less numerous, but stronger hair-like bristles, on
the hind side with more numerous but more slender hair-like bris-
tles of considerable length. Middle tibia) upon the whole upper
side yellowish, upon the under side blackish-brown ; they have
upon the under side, upon the middle of the anterior side and

128 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

upon the first half of the upper side rather strong bristles. Hind
tibiae at the root and almost upon the whole second half black,
otherwise brownish-yellow and not incrassated. Fore tarsi yellow,
somewhat infuscated towards their end, of plain structure, only
the first joint upon the under side provided with a few bristles.
Middle, tarsi brownish-yellow at the basis, further brownish-black ;
the first joint has upon the first half of its under side rather numer-
ous black bristles. Hind tarsi black, plain. Cilia of the tegulse
black. Wings hyaline, only a little tinged with gray.

Hab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

Observation. — Of this and of the next following species, as also
of Argyra cylindrica, I possess only single specimens, damaged
by mould, which crumbled to pieces in the attempt of cleaning ;
however, as these three interesting species come from a country
which is so little explored with regard to Dipterology, and as the
important specific characters could be determined, I did not hesi-
tate to describe them. I must, however, request not to attach
more weight to my statements about color, diffusion of the white
tomentum upon abdomen and thorax, and about the appendages
of the hypopygium, than the circumstances should warrant.

»

3. A. alMventris, n. sp. £ . — Viridis, nitens, abdomine albomi-
cante, fronte et facie nigris, albido-pollinosis, pedibus nigris, tibiis om-
nibus totis tarsorumque anticorum basi flavicantibus.

Green, shining, abdomen white, glittering ; front and face blackish, but
with whitish dust ; the whole tibia and the root of the fore tarsi yel-
lowish. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.19. Long. al. 0.18.

Metallic-green. Front and face appear, when looked upon in
most directions, almost whitish-gray on account of the dust which
covers them, but are black. Palpi and proboscis black. An-
tenna? smaller than those of Argyra nigripes ; the first joint is
comparatively short and sparsely beset on the upper side with
rather short hairs. Thorax and scutellum shining metallic-green ;
but when looked upon from the front, the covering of white dust
becomes distinctly visible. Scutellum without hairs. Abdomen
covered with a thick dust having a white lustre ; its second and third
segments have, on the lateral margin, a large yellow transparent
spot. Venter mostly yellowish. The small lamellae of the hypo-
pygium are brownish-black. Coxa? black ; fore coxa? with long

ARGYRA. 129

black hairs. Femora brownish-black with yellow tip ; their black
hairs are comparatively long, especially upon the under side of the
four anterior femora. Tibia? yellow, only the extreme tip of the
hind tibiae blackish-brown ; the fore tibiae are beset with four or
five bristles only upon the upper side ; the small bristles upon the
middle and hind tibiae are likewise but short and very scarce ; the
hind tibiae are not in the least thickened. The four anterior tarsi •
are brownish-yellow at the basis, a little further blackish-brown, of
plain structure, the first joint upon the under side without bristles.
Hind tarsi entirely black. Tegulse mostly black with black cilia.
Wings hyaline, a little more distinctly, tinged with gray than in
A. nigripes.

Hab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

4. A. minilta LOEW. £ . — Scutello nudo, pedibus totis pallide flavi-
cantibus, metatarso maris postico simplici, brevissirne piloso.

Scutellum bare ; the whole feet pale-yeUowish ; the first joint of the hind
tarsi of the male simple, with very short hair. Long. corp. 0.16. Long,
al. 0.14—0.15.

SYN. Aryyra mimita LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 46, 2.

Male. Face very narrow, silvery-white. Palpi black. Pro-
boscis brownish-black. Antenna black, third joint more blackish-
brown ; arista distinctly inserted before its tip. Front silvery-
white. Cilia on the upper orbit black, very short and delicate ;
cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits white. Thorax and scutel-
lum shining green, covered with white, not very thick dust, which
conceals the ground color at the utmost only in the vicinity of the
shoulders. Scutellum, with the exception of the usual bristles,
bare. The ground color of the abdomen appears to be blackish-
green, is however so thickly covered with white dust that it can-
not be distinctly perceived ; the second segment of the abdomen
has on each side a very large rounded yellow lateral spot ; the
third segment has a similar spot, but smaller. The very small
and narrow lamellae of the hypopygium are yellowish-brown and
but little hairy. Fore coxa? yellowish-white, with white hairs
and black bristles. Middle and hind coxae also yellowish-white,
but blackened from the basis to a considerable extent ; hairs and
bristles black ; feet pale-yellowish, only the end of the hind femora
has a vestige of infuscation on its upper side. The hairs upon
9

130 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the feet are not entirely black ; the fore femora have upon the
hind side more, the hind femora on the under side less numerous
blackish hairs of greater length. Fore tarsi not infuscated ; the
first joint has scarcely 1^ the length of the four following joints
put together. Only the last joint of the middle tarsi is somewhat
infuscated. The first joint is fully as long as the others together.
• The last joint of the hind tarsi is brown ; the first joint is of sim-
ple structure and beset with the usual short hairs, scarcely a little
longer than the second, but considerably thicker. Cilia of the
tegulffi yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, scarcely a little tinged
with yellowish-gray, with brownish-yellow veins ; the last segment
of the fourth vein is very abruptly bent forward before its middle.
Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sackeu.)

5. A. calcitraiHS LOEW. ^ . — Scutelloc nudo, pedibus totis pallide
flavicantibus, metatarso postico maris paulo incrassato et valde liirto.

Scutellum bare ; the whole feet pale-yellowish ; the first joint of the hind
tarsi of the male somewhat thickened and covered with rough hair.
Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15. Long. al. 0.11.

SYN. Argyra calcitrans LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 46, 3.

Male. Face narrow, silvery-white. Thorax and proboscis
black. Antennas black, third joint more blackish-brown ; arista
distinctly inserted before its end. Front silvery-white. Cilia of
the upper orbit black, very short and delicate ; cilia of the inferior
and lateral orbits white. Thorax shining green, covered with
thick white dust, so as to make the ground color invisible in some
directions. Scutellum also shining green, or blue-green, with
less dust, and bare with the exception of the usual bristles. The
ground color of the abdomen seems to be blackish-blue, but cannot
be distinctly seen on account of the thick white dust which covers
it ; the second segment is yellowish and transparent, with a black-
ish border on the posterior margin and with a blackish middle
line, which is sometimes wanting ; the third segment is of a simi-
lar color, only the margin on the posterior border and the middle
line are broader, though the latter is sometimes interrupted. The
email lamellae of the hypopygium are brown. Coxaa and feet
white-yellowish ; fore coxaB with delicate white little hairs .and
delicate black bristles ; middle coxae on the outside with a black-
ish spot ; hind coxa? scarcely a little blackened on the extreme

ARGYRA. 131

basis. Fore and middle femora without any longer hairs on the
under side ; the hind femora have a row of black bristle-like hairs,
inserted rather more on their hind side than upon the under side.
Tarsi towards their end not infuscated, but only very little darker ;
the first joint of the fore tarsi is 1^ the length of all the following
joints taken together, on the under side with a row of delicate
hairs ; the first joint of the middle tarsi not quite as long as all the
other joints together ; hind tarsi unusually short, the first joint not
much shorter than all the others, a little thickened, on the under
side with rather long bristle-like hairs ; the second and third joints
of the hind tarsi of about equal length. The cilia of the tegulae,
which have a blackish margin, are white-yellowish. Wings some-
what tinged with yellowish-gray, with yellowish-brown veins ; the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is but gently inflected
forward.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

6. A. calceata LOEW. £. — Scutello nudo, pedibus pallide flavis,

tarsis posticis nigris.
Scutellum bare, feet pale-yellow, with black hind tarsi. Long. corp. 0.16.

Long. al. 0.15.
SYN. Argyra calceata LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 47, 4.

Female. Face, for a female, of moderate breadth, silvery-
white. Palpi rather large, black, with almost silvery-white dust ;
proboscis brownish-black. Antennae black ; third joint small,
with an acute angular tip ; arista distinctly inserted before its
end. Cilia on the upper orbit black, extremely short and delicate.
Cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits white. Thorax shining
green, in the vicinity of the shoulders rather thickly covered with
white dust, so as to induce the belief that the males are altogether
covered with silvery-white dust. Scutellum also shining green
and with the exception of the usual bristles, bare: Ground color
of the abdomen greenish-black ; the second, third and fourth seg-
ments yellow, with the exception of the extreme anterior margin,
the posterior margin and a narrow, not always distinct middle
line ; on the sides of the segments and towards the tip of the ab-
domen there is some white dust. Coxae and feet pale-yellowish ;
fore coxa? with delicate whitish hair and with black bristles ; mid-
dle coxae with a gray spot on the outside ; hind femora scarcely a
little darker at the tip, hind tibia; at the tip not of a dark color.

132 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Tarsi comparatively long ; fore tarsi scarcely infuscated towards
the end, only the last joint brown, the first joint a little longer
than the others taken together. Middle tarsi from the tip of the
first joint strongly infuscated ; the four last joints together as long
as the first one. Hind tarsi entirely black, the first joint a little
shorter than the second, the following joints decreasing in length.
The cilia of the tegula?, which have a blackish border, are pale.
Wings tinged more with brownish than yellowish-gray ; veins
rather dark brown ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein, before its middle, only slightly inflected forward.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sackeu.)

Observation. — It is impossible to mistake A. calceata for the
female of one of the two preceding species for the following rea-
sons : —

1. On account of the greater extent of yellow color upon the
abdomen, which is not so extensive in the females of the species
of Argyra as in the males.

2. ' On account of the black coloring of the whole hind tarsi.
It is probable that the coloring of the abdomen of the male of this
species resembles that of the male of Leucostola cingulata.

B. Abdomen entirely cylindrical, •without white lustre.

7. A. cylindrica, n. sp. £ . — Viridis, nitens, abdomine vix obso-
letissime albido pollinoso, coxis'anticis pedibusque flavis, femorurn pos-
ticorum apice, summo tibiarum posticarum apice, tarsis denique omni-
bus inde ab articuli prirni apice nigris.

Shining-green, the abdomen has scarcely a trace of whitish dust ; fore
coxae and feet yellow ; tip of the hind femora, tip of the hind tibiae and
all tarsi, with the exception of their root, black. Long. corp. 0.23.
Long. al. 0.22.

Metallic-green, and differing from most of the species of

by the cylindrical form of the abdomen and the almost
entire absence of all dust. Face with a white reflection. Palpi
and proboscis brownish-black ; the hair-like cilia of the inferior
orbit pale-yellowish. Thorax and scutellum shining, the latter
without hairs. Abdomen entirely cylindrical, not stouter about
the basis, metallic-green, without any transparent spots upon
the anterior segments and covered with a thin, almost impercep-
tible, grayish-white dust. Fore coxa3 yellowish, with some very
scattered black hairs, and, at the tip, with longer black bristles.

SYNTORMON. 133

Middle and hiiid coxa? blackish-brown with yellowish tip. Feet
yellowish, tip of the hind femora brownish-black to a considerable
extent. The black hairs on the feet are somewhat sparse and
only of middle length ; on the under side of the fore femora there
are but a few black hairs of greater length ; upon the under side
of the middle femora they are in greater number ; on the under
side of the hind femora only those hairs which are near the tip
have a somewhat greater length. Fore tibia? with somewhat
longer hairs on the under side, on the upper side with but two or
three bristle-like hairs of greater length. The middle and hind
tibia? with but few and very short little bristles ; the extreme tip
of the latter is infuscated. (Fore tarsi wanting.) Middle tarsi
plain, black from the tip of the first joint ; the first joint somewhat
longer than the four following together ; on the under side with
but two very short black little bristles ; hind tarsi black ; the first
joint up to the middle brownish-yellow. Tegula? with a broad
black margin, with pale-yellowish cilia. Wings hyaline, some-
what tinged with brown, the anal • angle less protruding than in
most of the other species ; the ueuratiou shows nothing unusual
for the genus.

Hob. Sitka. (Sahib erg.)

Observation. — Although the imperfect state of the above de-
scribed specimen did not afford a thorough examination of the
hairs upon the upper side of the first joint of the antenna?, still I
believe to have satisfied myself of their existence.

Gen. XV. SYNTORMON.

The generic character is as follows : First joint of the% antenna?
with hairs on the upper side ; the second reaching on the inner
side of the third in the shape of a thumb ; third joint of the an-
tenna? elongated and pointed in the male and shorter in the fe-
male ; the position of the arista apical. Scutellum bare. The
first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles and a little shorter
than the second. The hypopygiuni small and imbedded, with
very small, often not distinctly perceptible appendages.

The next related genus is Synarthrus, the species of which
differ from the species of Syntormon only by the absence of hair
upon the first joint of the antenna?. Although this character may
appear trifling to those who have not studied the family of the

134 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II,

Dolichopodidse carefully, nevertheless its observation is important,
as it is of very great service for the specific distinction as well as
for the generic location of such females of different species which
resemble each other very closely.

The name of the genus (from awtoppou, I connect by inserted
pins) has reference to the characteristic formation of the second
joint of the antenna?.

As yet only European species of Syntormon have become
known.

Gen. XVI. SYN ARTHRUS.

The following are the most important characters of this genus :
The first joint of the antenna? without hairs ; the second reaching
more or less on the inner side of the third, usually forming in the
males a thumb-like projection, and in the females a more rounded
lobe ; the third joint of the antennae in the males elongated and
pointed ; arista apical or so near the extreme tip of the antenna?,
as to be taken for such. Scutellum usually bare, first joint of the
hind tarsi without bristles. The hypopygium small, imbedded,
with very small, often not distinctly perceptible appendages.

That Synarthrus differs from Syntormon only by the absence
of hair upon the first joint of the antennae, has already been stated.

Of the three species described below, two undoubtedly belong
to the genus Synarthrus. This cannot be said with regard to
the third species, Synarthrus barbatus. Its position in the genus
Synarthrus can only be a temporary one, brought about by the
difficulties of placing it into another genus. It is sufficiently dis-
tinguished from the other species of Synarthrus by the peculiarity
alone, that the second joint of the antennae encroaches only very
little on the inner side of the third. In its general appearance it
approaches the species ofPorphyrops very closely, so that I leave
it undecided whether it would not be better located there. The
size of the pulvilli of the fore tarsi betrays a relationship with
Eutarsus and Diayjhorus, the structure of the antennae, however,
does not allow its location in these two genera. To erect a new
genus does not seem advisable, as the species shows close rela-
tionship in various directions.

The name Synarthrus (from avv, together, and dp^pov, joint)
has reference to the peculiar mode of connection between the
second and the third joints of the antenna?.

SYNARTIIRUS. 135

.The species already known belong to Europe and to North
America.

Table for the determination of the Species.

1 f Posterior margin of the pleurje yellow. 1 palmaris, nov. sp.
I- Posterior margin of the pleurae not yellow. 2

2 f Hind femora yellow. 2 cinereiventris Lw.
I Hind femora green. 3 barbatus Lw.

Systematical arrangement ofJhe Species.

I. Lower half of the occiput only with the usual cilia.

1. palmaris, nov. sp. 2. cinereiventris Lw.

II. Lower half of the occiput with a strong beard.
3. barbatus Lw.

Description of the Species.
I. LOWER HALF OP THE OCCIPUT ONLY WITH THE USUAL CILIA.

1.- S. palmaris, n. sp. £ and £ • — Viridis, pleurarum margine pos-

tico, coxis, pedibusque flavis.
£ . Tarsis intermediis apicem versus dilatatis.
9 . Tarsis simplicibus.

Green, the posterior margin of the pleurae, coxse and feet yellow.
£ . The middle tarsi towards their end enlarged.
$> . Tarsi simple. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.14.

Hale. It can be easily recognized by its striking resemblance
to the European Syntormon tarsatus Fall. Rather dark bronze-
green, little shining ; the abdomen usually rather copper-colored.
Antenna? black ; first joint on the upper side entirely bare ; the
second with a long thumb-like projection which overlaps the inner
side of the third ; third joint- rather long, pointed, with much
hair ; the arista has not precisely an apical but a somewhat sub-
apical position, as it is the case with Syntormon tarsatus. Face
covered with whitish dust, narrow. Palpi and proboscis black.
Front steel-blue. The delicate cilia on the inferior and lateral
orbits pale. Scutellum of the same color as the upper side of the
thorax, arid beset, besides the usual bristles, with a few short hairs.
Pleura? grayish-green, their posterior margin yellowish. The
sides of the abdomen near its basis somewhat yellowish and trans-
parent; on the posterior margin of its first segment there are long

136 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

black bristles, on the posterior margin of the other segments there
are only very short bristles. Venter as far as the tip yellowish.
Hypopygium rounded, small, rather imbedded ; its blackish ap-
pendages very short and therefore not distinctly perceptible.
Coxa? and feet yellowish ; fore coxoe only at the tip with a few
black bristles, otherwise in front with short and very delicate white
hairs. The short hairs upon the feet are black ; under side of the
fore femora glabrous ; middle femora upon the under side with a
row of short black bristles. Fore tibice on the upper side with a
dense row of black hairs, upon the first quarter of the hind side
with a single very small black bristle. Middle and hind tibiae
only with a few short black bristles ; the end of the latter is some-
what thickened and of a brownish-black color. Pore tarsi plain,
from the tip of the first joint blackened ; the first joint not quite
as long as the other four taken together. The first joint of the
middle tarsi nearly as long as the other four taken together, stalk-
like, a little thicker at the end and of a whitish color ; the second
joint very much flattened, whitish, the apical margin bordered with
black ; the third and fourth joints also flattened, and, with the fifth
joint, which is not flat, of a deep black color. Hind tarsi as far as
the middle of the second joint brown, then black ; the first joint is
a little stouter and shorter than the second and has upon the middle
of its under side a black bristle which is a little curved backwards.
Wings hyaline, tinged with brownish-gray ; the third and fourth
longitudinal veins show towards their end a slight convergency.

Female. The third joint of the antennas rounded-oval, very
much shorter than in the male ; the second joint of the antennae
overreaches the inner side of the third only by a rounded lobe.
Face less dusty than in the male, very broad, by far not reaching
the lower corner of the eye ; its lower part is very convex and
protrudes in the shape of a roof, whereby the mouth becomes very
large. The black palpi considerably larger than in the male.
Feet plain, the hind tibia3 not thickened at the end and only very
slightly infuscated. Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint gra-
dually becoming more infuscated ; middle tarsi from the tip of the
first joint blackened, though the root of the second joint is some-
what paler ; hind tarsi at the root brown, black towards the end.
The little black bristles upon the under side of the middle femora
are missing. The rest as in the male.

Hob. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

SYNARTHRTJS. 137

Observation. — Syntormon tarsatus has upon the upper side of
the first joint of the antennae, quite in the vicinity of the basis, a
few almost imperceptible little hairs, which I ani unable to per-
ceive in the present species, so that I ana compelled to locate it
into the genus Synartlirus. It is further distinguished from Syn-
tormon tarsatus by the shorter arista and by the broader wings,
which are less narrow towards the root. Besides, in the male the
tip of the hind tibia? is less thickened, the second joint of the mid-
dle tarsi is broader, of a whitish color, and has only at its tip a
black margin, while in the male of Syntormon tarsatus it is less
broad, yellowish upon the middle of the root and black upon the
whole apical half. The relation which exists between Synarthrus
palmaris and Syntormon tarsatus is exactly the same as that be-
tween Synarthrus pallipes and Syntormon Zelleri.

2. S. ciBiereiveiltris LOEW. 9 • — Viridis, cosis anticis pedibusque
flavis.

Green, fore coxae and feet yellow. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.
STN. Synarthrus cinereiventris LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 48, 1.

Female. Shining metallic-green. Face very broad ; the infe-
rior portion protrudes considerable in the shape of a roof, so that
the palpi are rather concealed and the mouth becomes unusually
large ; the blue-green ground color of the face is rather covered
by a gray-whitish powder. Antennae black, rather large for a
female ; the second joint overreaches the inner side of the third
with a broad lobe ; the third joint is short, but very broad, beset
with very short but distinct hair ; the arista is distinctly longer
than the antennae. The front in the middle is almost blackish-
green, about the antennas steel-blue, o*n the upper corners rather
violet and may possibly vary a little in its coloring. Cilia of the
upper orbit black, those of the lateral and inferior orbits white.
Thorax shining metallic-green, with very thin and almost imper-
ceptible, nearly whitish, dust. Abdomen also shining metallic-
green, on the lateral margin with but little perceptible whitish
powder. Tenter whitish-gray. Fore coxse yellow, with delicate
whitish hair and no black hairs or bristles. Middle and hind
coxa? blackish with yellow tip, the former green on the front side,
and, like the fore coxa?, beset with delicate whitish little hairs.
Feet yellow ; tarsi gradually dark brown towards their end, but

138 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

so that the first joint, with the exception of its tip, is dark yellow,
and the second joint, with the exception of its tip, is brownish-
yellow. The hind tarsi are visibly shorter than the hind tibia?,
and the first joint is longer than the second. The yellowish tegu-
IJB have a narrow dark-brown margin and yellowish cilia, which
in some directions assume a very dark color. Halteres yellowish.
"Wings grayish ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein
not distinctly inflected ; posterior transverse vein steep.
Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

II. LOWER PART OP THE OCCIPUT" WITH A STRONG BEARD.

3. S. "barbatus LOEW. $ . — Viridis, pedibus flavis, femoribus posticis
viridibus.

Green, feet yellow, hind femora green. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long.

al. 0.12.
SYN. Synarthrus barbatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 48, 2.

Shining metallic-green. Face green, and dull on account of a
moderately thick yellowish-white dust, which however does not
conceal the ground color. Palpi a little larger than those of the
males of Synarthrus in general ; they have also a more disengaged
position, a bright yellow color, and are beset with a few black
little hairs. Antennas black ; the second joint reaching only a
little on the inside of the third, almost of transverse form ; the
rather strikingly hairy third joint is broad only about the basis
and becomes elongated into a narrow and very long point; the
arista is entirely apical and only half the length of the third joint.
Front metallic-green, little shining. Cilia of the upper orbit
black, short and delicate ; cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits
very long, white ; they fortii with the hair on the lower part of the
occiput a striking beard. Thorax and scutellum metallic-green,
the former less shining on account of a cover of pale dust, the lat-
ter sometimes more bluish-green. Abdomen metallic-green. The
last segments assume in some directions a rather black-green
color. The small imbedded hypopygium black ; its outer append-
ages have the form of small lamella? and are of a brownish color ;
the inner appendages are not distinctly perceptible. Fore coxae
blackish, on the front side greenish-blue ; their delicate hairs are
principally white, but towards the basis of the coxae there are also
some black hairs ; on the tip are black bristles. Middle and hind

SYNARTIIRUS — SYSTENUS. 139

coxa: black ; the former with black hairs and bristles. Fore feet yel-
low ; femora incrassated towards their basis, on the upper side with
a narrow brownish-black longitudinal stripe, reaching to the ex-
treme tip ; the under side is sparsely fringed with short black
hairs, and where these end, there are three black bristles turned
somewhat backwards. Fore tibine covered with thick, rather
coarse, but short hairs. Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint,
which is about as long as the others, strongly infuscated. The
first and second joints beset .on the under side with short bristle-
like hairs ; pulvilli rather large. Middle feet yellow ; femora
thickened about their basis ;' the tibia3 have besides the bristle at
the tip only one on the upper side, not far from the basis ; the
tarsi are very much infuscated from the tip of the second joint.
Hind femora metallic-green with yellow tip, at the end of the
under side with a few black bristles. Hind tibia? yellow, only
sparsely bristled. Hind tarsi yellow at the basis, from the tip of
the first joint black-brown ; their joints decrease in length, the
first considerably longer than the second. The cilia of the whitish
tegulas show in most directions a brownish-black coloring, while
in some, they appear with a yellowish lustre. Halteres yellowish.
Wings grayish hyaline with brownish-black veins ; the posterior
transverse vein is straight and has a very steep position ; the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein shows upon its first third
an almost imperceptible flexure, otherwise it very little approaches
the third longitudinal vein, runs parallel with it and terminates
precisely in the apex of the wing.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. XVII. SYSTENUS.

This genus, hitherto confined to European species only, may be
characterized in the following manner : First joint of the antennae
without hairs on the upper side ; the second joint transverse ; the
third large, longer in the male than in the female, in both sexes
broad at the basis, ending into a point, distinctly hairy ; arista
completely apical. Feet rather slender, in both sexes plain and
b'eset only with very few and short bristles. The first joint of the
hind tarsi without bristles and scarcely half the length of the
second. The sixth longitudinal vein of the wings distinct. The
abdomen of the male towards the tip and laterally much com-

140 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART U.

pressed, its last segment narrow. The basal portion of the
entirely disengaged and inflected hypopygium forms a long
peduncle ; the outer appendages are rather filiform and whitish,
the inner appendages also. The last segment of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein with more or less flexure.

The name of the genus (from avv, together, and attvos, narrow)
has reference to the very pointed shape of the third joint of the
antennae, which is peculiar to both sexes.

Gen. XVIII. RHAPHIUM.

The first joint of the antennae has no hairs on the upper side ;
the second is transverse ; the third glabrous, very narrow, in both
sexes very much elongated, though in the male more so than in
the female. Arista entirely apical, bare ; its first joint somewhat
elongated in the male. Scutellum glabrous. Hypopygium small,
rounded, rather imbedded ; its outer appendages more filiform than
lamelliform ; the inner appendages small ; the first joint of the
hind tarsi without bristles.

The genus Rhaphium stands in next relation to the genera
Porphyrops and Xipliandrium. "With the species of Porphyrops
it shares the larger size, the greater number of bristles on the
feet, the broader wings, less narrow towards the basis. With the
species of Xiphandrium it has in common the great elongation
of the second joint of the antennas, the lesser density of hair on
the occiput, and the shorter hair upon the coxas and feet, also that
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is less inflected.
From both these genera, however, Rhaphium is distinguished by
the somewhat longer first joint of the antenna?, which, particularly
in the male, is rather swollen ; by the great narrowness and the
glabrousness of the third joint, which is uncommonly elongated
not only in the male but also in the female ; by the glabrousness
of the arista, and finally, by the more n.arrow and more pointed
palpi of the female. The other genera most closely approaching
Ehaphium, as Systenus, Synarthrus and Smiliotus, cannot be
easily confounded with it, the hypopygium of the male in the spe-
cies of Systenus being very much pedunculated, the second joint
of the antennae in the species of Synarthrus reaching over the
third, and the abdomen in Smiliotus having only five segments.

RIIAPHIUM — XIPIIANDRIUM. 141

i

The name of the genus (from '^lov, small needle) has reference
to the shape of the antenna?, which distinguishes it.

Only a single European and one North American species, de-
scribed below, are known at present.

1. R. lllgllbre LOEW. 9 . — Ex viridi nigrurn, nitens, pedibus nigris,
anterioruin tibiis intermediorumque femoribus hiteis.

•

Greenish-black, shining ; feet black ; the four anterior tibi?e and the middle
femora dusky yellow. Long. corp. 0.16. Long. al. 0.16.

SYN. Rhaphium lugubre LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 49, 1.

Of a bright metallic, but very dark greenish-black color. Face
moderately broad, with a bright lustre of silvery-white powder
upon black ground. Palpi black with white powder. The black
antennae very long, narrow and glabrous ; the apical bristle short
and bare. Front shining black. Cilia of the upper orbit black,
delicate, short ; cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits white.
Thorax bright, with an almost imperceptible gray-whitish dust.
The scutellum has no hair with the exception of the usual bristles.
Abdomen bright, only on the lateral margin with distinct white
powder ; the hair upon it is black. Coxae black with white dust ;
the front side of the fore coxae with white hair and black bristles.
Anterior femora black with luteous tip ; fore tibia? luteous, only
with two bristles on the upper side ; fore tarsi black, the first joint
as far as the tip, luteojis. Middle feet luteous, tarsi from the tip
of the first joint blackened. Hind feet entirely black, only the
knees yellow ; the first joint of the tarsi scarcely a little longer
than the second. Cilia of the brown tegulaa whitish. Wings
blackish, on the fore margin and along the veins darker ; the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein only in the middle gently
inflected forward.

Hob. Carolina.

Gen. XIX. XIPHANDRIUM.

The genus Xiphandrium comprises small species, of slender
form, with little hair. The first joint of the antennae has no hair
on the upper side ; the second is of a transverse form, the third
rather narrow, in the male very much elongated and in the female
much shorter ; the hairs upon it are distinct, especially on the
under side. Arista entirely apical, comparatively short, with

1 42 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

scarcely perceptible short pubescence. The lower part of the
occiput only with the usual fringe of cilia. Scutelluni without
hair. Coxae and feet comparatively bare, the latter with very
few bristles ; the first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles.
Wings not very broad, somewhat narrowed towards the basis ; the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein little inflected ; hypo-
pygium small, rounded, rather imbedded, its outer appendages
more filiform than lamelliform ; the inner appendages small.

The next related genera are Rhaphium and Porphyrops. The
characters of the genus Rhaphium have already been described.
The species of Xiphandrium differ from the species of Porphyrops
by their smaller size, more slender form, less hair, especially on
the lower part of the occiput and on the coxse ; the third joint of
the antennas of the males is more elongated, more distinctly hairy,
particularly on the whole lower side ; the arista is beset with a
comparatively short but easily perceptible pubescence ; the wings
are less broad and towards their basis still narrower. It cannot
be mistaken1 for the genera Systenus, Synarthrus and Smiliotus,
as they differ from Xiphandrium and Rhaphium by the same
distinctive marks.

The name (from fi'<j>o$, sword, and oU^p, man) has been given to
this genus on account of the sword-shaped antennae of the male.

Out of Europe, no species of Xiphandrium are as yet known.
I have a female from North America, which probably, belongs to
this genus. As it has lost its antennas, its systematical location
could not be ascertained.

Gen. XX. PORPHYROPS.

The genus Porphyrops comprises species of at least middle
size, rather stout shape and very hairy. The first joint of the
antennas has no hair on the upper side ; the second is transverse ;
the third is moderately elongated in the male and shorter in the
female ; the hairs upon it are very short and the whole under side
(with the exception of a few species) is entirely bare. Arista
altogether apical with an almost imperceptible and very short
pubescence. The under side of the occiput more or less densely
fringed. Scutellum without hairs. Coxae and feet with rather
much hair and bristles. First joint of the hind tarsi without
bristles. Wings comparatively broad, towards the basis only a

PORPHYROPS. 143

little narrower ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein
moderately inflected. Hypopygium small, rounded, rather im-
bedded, its outer appendages almost in all the species more fili-
form than lamelliform ; the outer appendages small.

With regard to the mutual relation of the three kindred genera,
namely, Ehaphium, Xiphandrium and Porphyrops, all the re-
quired information has already been furnished, so that a repetition
of their distinctions is not necessary. I have vindicated the name
of Porphyrops for this genus in the fifth volume of the Neue
Beitriige. An entirely unfounded opposition had been raised
against it. The following are the reasons by which I have been
governed with relation to the name Porphyrops. Meigen, in
the fourth volume of his works, has taken a wider view of the
genus Porphyrops and divided it into three sections : 1. With a
subapical arista. 2. With an apical arista ; and, 3. With an
arista inserted dorsally on the third joint, near the basis. In his
seventh volume he adopts the genus Argyra, which M. Macquart
had in the meantime established for the first of the three divisions ;
the third division he unites with Medeterus ; and for the only
remaining second division, which principally contains species of
the present genus, he retains the name of Porphyrops ; at the
same time he unites with them the species of his genus Ehaphium
(that is the genera Ehapliium and Xiphandrium in the sense
adopted above). As I cannot agree with this reunion, I am com-
pelled to retain the name of Porphyrops for the genus, which
embraces most of the species contained in Meigen's second division
and this is the present genus.

The name Porphyrops (from mop^vpa, scarlet, and <Z$, face) has
reference to the beautiful scarlet color which is peculiar to the eyes
of many species, especially the males.

The hitherto known species of Porphyrops are distributed all
over Asia Minor, Europe, and North America.

Table for the determination of the Species.

( Feet black. 1 melampus Lw.

1 1 Feet yellow. 2

f All the cox?e black. 2 nigricoxa Lw.

( Fore coxaa yellow. 3

( Fore coxae not blackened at the basis. 3 fumipennis Lie.

I Fore coxae blackened at the basis. 4 rotundiceps Lie.

144 D1PTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Description of the Species.
1. P. inelaisiims LOEW. £ and J .— Pedibus atris, alis nigricantibns.

Feet black, wings blackish. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.18. Long. al. 0.14 —

0.15.
SYN. Porphyrops melampus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 50, 1.

-

Male. Metallic blackish-green. Face very narrow, with white
dust. Palpi black with white dust. Antenna black ; third joint
rather long and pointed ; arista more than half the length of the
third joint. Front black-green, with white dust. Cilia of the
upper orbit black, those of the inferior snow-white. Upper side
of the thorax shining, only on the anterior and lateral margin with
more distinct white dust ; on the former the beginning of two
darker colored lines is perceptible. The scutellum has no hair
besides the usual bristles. The bright and dark-green abdomen
has scarcely a trace of white dust ; its last segment is almost black.
The hypopygium is a little larger than in most of the other spe-
cies of this genus, bright black ; the outer appendages are ex-
tremely small black lamellae fringed with black hair ; the brown
interior appendages are also small, turned a little upwards at the
end, but pointed and upon the middle of the lower side fringed
with a few hairs. The hair upon the abdomen is black, only on
the lateral margin of the anterior segments and upon the venter
whitish. Coxa3 black, with a rather thick white powder, the fore
and middle coxae with considerable white pubescence and without
any black bristles. Feet black ; femora with a trace of blackish-
green lustre ; the tip of the trochanter, the tip of the knee, also
the extreme tip of the fore and middle tibia? brownish-yellow ; the
first joint of the fore tarsi a little longer than the three following
together, at the end of the under side dilated almost in the shape
of a tooth ; otherwise the feet have no particular distinction. The
cilia of the pale-yellowish tegulse have whitish hair. Halteres
pale-yellowish. Wings blackish, in the vicinity of the second
half of the anterior margin rather black ; the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein only very little inflected forward in the
middle.

Female. The only specimen which I have before me, strikingly
differs from the described male in the color of the body ; as all the
other characters coincide perfectly with those of the male, I have
not the least doubt that both belong together and consider the

PORPHYROPS. 145

*

difference in the color as only accidental, as it so often occurs in
the Dolichopodidse. Face moderately broad, with silvery-white
dust. Palpi black with white dust. Antennas short, the third
joint small and ovate ; arista three times the length of the anten-
nas. Front blue with thin white dust. Upper side of the thorax
steel-blue, upon the middle and towards the hind margin more
violet. The steel-blue scutellurn upon its middle is also of a vio-
let color. The abdomen is dark metallic-green, its last segment
rather black-green at the basis, otherwise bright steel-blue. The
hairs on the fore coxae are like those of the male, only less dense
and shorter ; the hair on the middle coxae is also whitish, the weak
bristles in the vicinity of its tip are, however, black. The wings
are the same as those of the males, only the blackening of the
second part of the fore margin is stronger and the fourth longitu-
dinal vein with the posterior transverse vein have a darker seam.
The remainder like in the male.

Hab. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. P. nigricoxa LOEW. £ • — Pedibus flavis, coxis omnibus et totis

nigris.
Feet yellow, all the coxae entirely black. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al.

0.23.
STN. Porphyrops nigricoxa LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 2.

Female. Metallic-green, front, thorax and scutellum very cop-
pery. Face with yellowish-gray dust ; the separation between its
upper and lower part is particularly striking. Palpi compara-
tively small, black with yellowish-gray dust ; antennae black ; third
joint ovate ; arista 1^ the length of the antenna?. Front with
thin yellowish-gray dust. Cilia on the upper orbit black, on the
lateral and inferior orbits white. All the coxae entirely black, with
gray dust and whitish hair ; at the end of the fore and middle
coxae there are no black bristles. Feet yellow, apical half of the
hind femora black, the last third of the hind tibia; and the hind
tarsi altogether are of the same color; middle and fore tarsi
strongly infuscated from the root and towards the end black.
Cilia of the yellowish tegulae white. Halteres pale-yellowish.
Wings gray, on the fore margin more brownish gray ; the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, beyond the middle, gently
inflected forward.

Hob. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)
10

146 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

3. P. filisaipeiinis LOE\V. J . — Pedibus flavis, coxis anticis totis
concoloribus.

Feet with the fore coxse altogether yellow. Long. corp. 0.18. Long. al.
0.17—0.18.

SYN. Porpliyrops fumipennis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 3.

Female. Bright metallic-green. Face 'with pale yellowish-
gray dust. Palpi black, with yellowish-gray dust. Antennae
black ; the third joint small, rounded-ovate ; arista at least three
times the length of the antennae. Front blue-green, with a pale
yellowish-gray dust. Cilia of the upper orbit black, those of the
lateral and inferior white. Thorax with a thin but rather distinct
grayish-yellow dust. Fore coxse yellowish with white hair ; on
their tips among the white hairs there are a few black bristles,
not easily perceived. Middle and hind coxse blackish with yel-
lowish tip ; the front side of the middle coxse is clothed with white
hair and towards the tip with a few black bristles ; hind femora
blackish-brown at the tip ; fore and middle tarsi infuscated, black-
ened towards the end ; the last third of the hind tibise and the
hind tarsi black. Cilia of the pale-yellowish tegulae whitish ;
halteres pale-yellowish. Wings tinged with brownish-gray ; the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein gently inflected for-
ward upon its middle.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. P. rotundiceps LOEW. £ . — Pedibus flavis, coxis anticis conco-
loribus, basim versus nigris.

Feet and fore coxse yellow, the latter in the vicinity of the root, black.
Long. corp. 0.16. Long. al. 0.16.

SrN. Porphyrops rotundiceps LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 4.

Male. Bright metallic green. Face very narrow, with silvery-
white dust, palpi black with pale dust. Antennas black ; the
third joint not very long for a male, rather rounded at the end ;
arista about as long as the antenna?. Front metallic green.
' Cilia of the upper orbit black, of the lateral and of the inferior
orbits white. Upper side of the thorax bright, with very indis-
tinct white-grayish dust. Scutellum in part steel-blue. Abdo-
men bright metallic green ; in the vicinity of the lateral margin
with rather distinct whitish dust ; the narrow last segment rather
steel-blue ; the hair black, on the lateral margin and upon the

SMTLIOTUS.

venter whitish. The small hypopygium black ; the exterior ap-
pendages are of a dusky gray-yellowish color, comparatively long,
fork-shaped and split into a shorter and a much longer internal
lobe ; the hornlike interior appendages are black and pointed.
The yellowish fore coxa? are upon their whole basal half of a
brownish-black color, and fringed on the front side with long
whitish hairs. There are no black bristles upon them. Middle
coxa3 blackish with yellowish tip, the latter with a considerable
black thorn, which seems to be composed of several contiguous
bristles. Hind coxae of the same color as the middle coxa3. Feet
yellow ; hind femora almost upon the whole apical half black ;
hind tibiae although strong, but not incrassated, their last third
black. Fore and middle tarsi somewhat infuscated, their end and
the tip of their first joint more dark brown ; the first joint of the
fore tarsi of the usual form, the hind tarsi black. Cilia of the pale-
yellowish tegula3 whitish. Wings tinged with gray, a little darker
upon the last part of their anterior margin ; the last segment of
the fourth longitudinal vein gently inflected forward upon its
middle.

Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. XXI. S1HILIOTIJS.

Characters. Face in both sexes broad. Palpi large, concealing
the proboscis. The antennae in both sexes of a similar structure ;
the first joint on the upper side without hair ; the second of the
usual transverse form ; the third joint of different length in dif-
ferent species, on the under side nearly excised from the root to
the tip ; the arista entirely apical, the first joint short and stout,
the second, however, long, very slender, particularly towards the
tip. Scutellum without hair. The abdomen of the male shows
only five segments, while there are six in the related genera.
The small rounded hypopygium is imbedded and has only very
short appendages. All the tarsi are short, especially the hind
tarsi, the first joint of which has no bristles ; the pulvilli of the'
fore tarsi of the male are enlarged. The wings are elongated, of
rather equal breadth, and have a distinctly protruding anal angle ;
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is somewhat in-
flected, ends beyond the tip of the wing and runs upon its middle
over a large but flat impression.

148 . DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

This genus has been established by Mr. Haliday, and, in con-
sideration of the almost swordlike form of the antennae of the
species which became- first known, was called Machserium (from
tidzatga, the sword). As this same name has already been used for
a genus of plants, I have thought fit to abandon it and to substi-
tute the name of Smiliotus (from o^ixtwroj, the pruning-knife,
because the third joint of the antennas in the two known species
has the form of a pruning-knife).

The two known species belong to the European fauna.

Gen. XXII. APHROSYLUS.

The known species of Aphrosylus agree in the following, in
part rather striking peculiarities which constitute the character of
this genus. The first joint of the antennae without hair, the
second of the usual transverse form, the third stalk-like and
pointed ; the arista entirely apical. The face narrowed above,
especially in the male. The proboscis turned towards the breast.
Palpi disengaged, hanging downward, in the male larger than in
the female. The abdomen of the male shows six segments ; the
short and rounded hypopygiurn ends it in the shape of a knob ;
its exterior appendages are elongated, parallel lamellae, fringed
with rather long hair. The female abdomen has only five seg-
ments. Wings of rather equal breadth ; the posterior transverse
vein is less distant from the margin of the wing, than its own
length ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel with the
third. Feet with rather coarse bristles ; the first joint of all the
tarsi is much longer than the second ; the first joints of the hind
tarsi without bristles.

The structure of the proboscis and the position of the palpi
distinguish the species of Aphrosylus sufficiently from all the
other genera of Doliclwpodidx. Hitherto only European species
have been described.

The name of the genus (from a<}>pd$, the froth, and av^du, I rob)
has reference to the habit of these species to pursue their prey
along the shores of a surging sea.

Gen. XXIII. THItfOPHILlIS.

Character. The face in both sexes broad, not reaching as far
as the lower eye-corner, and ending below at an obtuse angle.

THINOPHILUS — PEODES. 149

Palpi in both sexes large, reposing upon the proboscis. Antennas
very short ; the first joint without hair, the second short, trans-
verse, longer above than below ; the third joint circular, the bare
arista dorsal. Wings of equal breadth ; the posterior transverse
vein is distant from the margin of the wing more than its own
length ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is rather
parallel with the third. The abdomen of the male has six seg-
ments ; the hypopygium small, rather imbedded, and somewhat
turned inside ; its exterior appendages are narrow, parallel lamellae.
The abdomen of the female shows five segments. Femora rather
strong, the first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles.

The species of Tliinophilus are easily distinguished from the
species of Diostracus by the absence of hair upon the first joint
of the antennas ; from the species of Peodes they differ by the
structure of the face and of the hypopygium.

They live principally along the shores of the sea, whence their
name (from £i'j, down, sand hill, and $0,0 j, friend).

As yet only European species have been made known.

Gen. XXIV. PEODES.

Clmracter. Face not reaching as far as the lower corner of
the eye, rather narrow in both sexes, though a little broader in the
female, and more enlarged below ; the lower margin is straight.
Palpi in the female considerably larger than those of the male and
in both sexes reposing upon the proboscis. Antennae very short ;
the first joint without hairs ; the second short, transverse ; the
third joint rounded ; arista dorsal, only with a short pubes-
cence. Wings of uniform breadth ; the posterior transverse vein
is removed from the margin of the wing more than its own
length ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein parallel
with the third. The abdomen of the male has six segments ; the
short, stout hypopygium is not imbedded, but disengaged and a
little inflected ; its exterior appendages are two small parallel
lamella; alongside of each other and with long hair ; the interior
appendages form a remarkably large curved forceps. The abdo-
men of the female shows five segments. The femora are rather
strong ; the first joint of the hind tarsi has no bristles.

Peodes is closely related only to Tln'/io/JiUus ; the differences
become evident when the characters of both genera are compared.

150 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

The name of the genus (from ttsufys, provided with a large penis)
has reference to one of its most striking characters.

Only one European species has as yet been made known.

Gen. XXV. NEMATOPROCTUS.

Character. Antennae short ; first joint without hair ; second
joint short, transverse ; third joint small, in the male not larger
than in the female, rounded ;. the rather long arista entirely dor-
sal. The face, much narrower in the male than in the female,
does not reach as far as the inferior corner of the eye. Palpi re-
posing upon the proboscis, those of the female much larger than
those of the male. Front of equal breadth. ^ The lower part of
the occiput distinctly bearded. Eyes very hairy, especially
towards the lower corner. Scutellum not hairy. The abdomen
of the male has six segments; the small rounded, and a little im-
bedded, hypopygium is at its tip ; the exterior appendages are long
and filiform, the interior appendages very short and usually not
distinctly perceptible. The female abdomen shows five segments.
Wings a little narrowed towards the basis, the first longitudinal
vein not elongated ; the posterior transverse vein distant from the
margin of the wing by more than its own length ; the last segment
of the fourth longitudinal vein very gently inflected and towards
the end parallel with the third. Feet rather strong ; pulvilli of
the fore tarsi not enlarged ; the first joint of the hind tarsi without
bristles.

The species of Nematoproctus mostly resemble in their habitus
the species of Porphyrops ; they differ from them, however, by an
altogether different structure of the antenna? ; the third joint of
the male being also very short and the position of the arista com-
pletely dorsal. They are less closely related to the species of
Argyra, to which they were formerly reckoned, as the first joint of
the antenna? is without hairs, the third joint of the male is not en-
larged, but as small as that of the female, the arista not subapical
but entirely dorsal, the first longitudinal vein of the wings not
elongated, further, the exterior appendages of the hypopygium
have not the shape of short lamellce, but of long threads. The
species of Nematoproctus agree with the species of Leuoostola in
the glabrousness of the first joint of the antennae : otherwise they

LEUCOSTOLA. 151

differ from them precisely in the same manner as from the species
Argyra.

The name of the genus (from W^o, the thread, and rcpuxto;, the
anus) has reference to the thread-like form of the exterior ap-
pendages of the hypopygium. The species hitherto known are
all European.

Gen. XXVI. D.EUCOSTOI.A.

The species of Leucostola, like those of Argyra, have usually
upon the abdomen, and often also upon the thorax, a thick bril-
liant silvery dust, which renders them easy to recognize. The
first joint of the antennae is entirely hairless, the second is trans-
verse, the third bare, rather large in the male ; the apparently
bare and distinctly two-jointed arista is very near the tip of the
antenna. Wings broad, the posterior angle rather protruding ;
the first longitudinal vein is farther from the margin of the wing
than in most of the other genera, and is also much longer than
usual ; the fourth longitudinal vein is inflected forward before the
middle of its last segment, thence, however, again parallel with
the third ; the posterior transverse vein is not approximated to the
margin of the wing. The first joint of the hind tarsi has no
bristles. Hypopygium small, imbedded ; its exterior appendages
are two small narrow lamella?, bent downward ; the interior ap-
pendages are of rather simple structure, and often not distinctly
visible.

The close relationship of the genus Leucostola to that of Argyra
can be easily perceived by a comparison of their characters. There
is scarcely any difference between them, but that the first joint of
the antennas of Leucostola is entirely without any hair, while in
Argyra it is distinctly covered with hair.

The name of the genus (from teuxos, white, and {to^, dress) has
reference to the beautiful silvery lustre which covers the abdomen
and sometimes also the thorax of most of these species.

The known species belong in part to Europe an/1 in part to
America.

152 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

JL. L,. cinglllata LOEW. 0 . — Viridis, Izete splendens, abdoiaine non
pollinoso, cingulis flavis.

Green, brightly shining, abdomen without wMte dnst and with yellow
stripes. Long. corp. 0.19. Long. al. 016.

SYN. Leucostola cingulata LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 53, 1.

Male. Face very narrow, silvery-white. Palpi snow-white.
Proboscis brownish-black. Antennae black ; the third joint
black-brown ; the arista inserted close to its tip. Front black
with silvery-white dust. Cilia of the upper orbit black, extremely
short and delicate ; cilia of the inferior and lateral orbits snow-
white. Thorax metallic green, very bright, dusted only on the
lateral margin. Scutellum of the same color, without hair, besides
the usual bristles. Abdomen without any white dust ; the first
segment mostly black ; the second yellowish, transparent, with
metallic black border on the posterior margin and with an indis-
tinct blackish spot near the middle of the anterior margin ; third
segment also yellowish, transparent, and at the basis with a rather
broad violet-black transverse stripe, bisinuated on the hind side,
and with a narrow blackish-green border on the posterior margin ;
the coloring of the fourth segment of the abdomen is the same,
but the stripe on the fore-margin and the posterior border are
broader, so that the yellow part of the segment has the appear-
ance of being divided into two spots ; the fifth segment has no
yellow color, but is violet-black near its basis and black-green
towards the tip. The same color prevails on the sma.ll hypopy-
gium, the extremely small lamella? of which are brownish. The
rather long but not very coarse hair upon the abdomen is chiefly
black, only upon the fore part of the first segment and upon the
venter it is yellow-whitish. COXEB and feet pale-yellowish ; fore
coxte with white hair and yellowish-white little bristles. Middle
and hind COXOB near the basis a little blackened and also fringed
with pale hairs and bristles. Femora slender, the hind ones
slightly infuscated at the tip on the upper side. The hair upon
the femora is«blackish on the upper side and near the tip, whitish
near the basis and on the under side ; the very delicate whitish
hair on the under side of the fore and middle femora is rather long-.
Fore tibiaa without any bristles ; middle and hind tibiae only with
very few delicate and short bristles. Fore and middle tarsi slen-
der, but not very long ; the first joint about as long as the others

ETJTARSUS. 153

taken together. The first joint of the hind tarsi is shorter than
the second and a little stouter, especially towards the tip ; it is
fringed with the usual short hair, which is however unusually
dense upon the latter part of the under side. Cilia of the black
margined tegulse yellowish-white. Wings short and broad ; the
posterior transverse vein strikingly far distant from the margin
of the wing ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein be-
fore its middle gently inflected forward.

Sab. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — A rather badly preserved female, which I pos-
sess, I suppose to be that of.Leucostola cingulata; it shows, how-
ever, somendifferences, so that it may belong to some other closely
related species. It differs from the above described male by the
following characters : The face is comparatively broad and covered
with a dense glittering silvery-white powder. The white palpi
are larger than those of the male. The third joint of the antennae
is very short ; the position of the arista almost apical. The ab-
domen is yellow with the exception of the last segment which is
of a metallic-green color, shows however, when looked upon in an
oblique direction, an indistinct greenish lustre ; its penultimate
and antepenultimate incisures are greenish-black towards the lateral
margin. The posterior margin of the pleura? is not gray, but yellow.
Among the whitish hair of the fore coxae there are a few light-
brown bristles, which, in a certain direction, have a black appear-
ance. The tip of the hind femora is not darker and the first joint
of the hind tarsi is of the usual plain structure, however compara-
tively of the same length as that of the described males. Other-
wise it coincides with it perfectly. The only character which
makes it doubtful whether they belong together is the yellow color
on the hind margin of the pleurae in the female.

Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sackeu.)

Gen. XXVII. EUTARSUS.

Character. Face narrow, especially in the male ; a little
broader upwards. Palpi very small. The first joint of the an-
tenna? without hair, the second much overreaching the third ; the
third rounded ; the arista dorsal, though rather closely approxi-
mated to the tip of the third joint, distinctly two-jointed. The
elongated, cylindrical abdomen of the male consists of six seg-

154 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

inents ; the hypopygiurn is very small, entirely imbedded and
without bristles ; its appendages are extremely small, almost com-
pletely hidden. The female abdomen shows only five segments.
Feet rather long, moderately bristly ; the first joint of the hind
tarsi without bristles, much shorter than the second ; the pulvilli
on the fore tarsi of the male are enlarged, but not elongated.
Wings of rather uniform breadth or narrower towards the root ;
the first longitudinal vein not elongated ; the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein though somewhat inflected, still rather
parallel with the third. Eutarsus appears to be nearer related
to Diapliorus than to any other genus. The striking smalluess
of the palpi, the face narrowed below, the hypopygiujn covered
with but delicate hairs, the very small and almost completely con-
cealed appendages of the hypopygium and the not elongated pul-
villi of the fore tarsi in the male distinguish Eutarsus from
Diapliorus sufficiently. From Nema^roctus, whose exterior
appendages of the hypopygium are long threads covered with
hair, Eutarsus is distinguished by the small and concealed ap-
pendages of the hypopygium. The species of Saucropus cannot
be confounded with the species of Eutarsus on account of the en-
tirely disengaged hypopygium.

The genus has been founded upon the well known European
Eutarsus aulicus Meig. The name (from'tu, handsome, and
fapao$, foot) has reference to the structure of the feet of the male.

As yet no North American species is known to me, but I know
a species from Venezuela, the hind tarsi of the male of which
have a remarkable structure, and of which I furnish a description.

1. Et eques, n. sp. £ . — Chalybeus, modice nitens, abdominis ex
seneo uigri maculis lateralibus, ventre pedibusque flavis, femoribus pos-
ticis supra tibiisque posticis totis fuscis, tarsis anterioribus, prseter
basim, posticis totis, nigris, articulo horum primo brevissiino, quarto in
aculeuui producto.

Steel-blue, moderately shining; lateral spots of the bronze-black abdomen,
venter and feet yellow ; upper side of the hind femora and the whole
hind tibiaj brown ; the four anterior tarsi with the exception of the root,
and the whole hind tarsi black ; the first joint of the latter very short,
the fourth joint produced into a point. Long. corp. 0.27. Long. al.
0.26.

Male. Front shining steel-blue, not very broad, not excavated
on the vertex. Antenna? only of moderate length, black ; the

EUTARSUS. 155

narrow and a little elongated first joint is entirely bare on the
upper side, on the lower edge of a rather distinctly reddish-yellow
color ; the third joint is short ovate ; the arista is inserted upon
the back of the third joint, nearer to its basis than it is the case
with Eutarsus aulicus. . The face is very narrow immediately
below the antennae, and grows more and more so till it becomes
cuneiform, so that the large eyes are entirely contiguous on a large
extent. Palpi very small ; proboscis rather small. Thorax steel-
blue or violet, little shining, around the shoulders more blue-green
and more densely covered with dust ; the extreme corner of the
shoulder brownish. Scutellum of the same color as the upper
side of the thorax and with two bristles. Metathorax and pleurae
black-green, the latter with whitish dust and a yellow hind mar-
gin. Abdomen cylindrical, blackish bronze-colored ; the second
segment has near the basis a narrow yellow transverse stripe,
which is somewhat dilated near the lateral margin ; and upon the
hind corners a large yellow spot ; there are similar spots, but
diminishing in size, upon the other segments. The small hypo-
pygium is rounded and rather imbedded ; its appendages are
short, indistinct lamellae. The short hair upon the abdomen is
black ; longer black bristles only on the hind margin of the first
segment. Coxae and feet yellow ; fore coxa? with pale hair, at the
tip only with a few thin black little bristles ; middle coxas with a
large black spot, which covers about three-quarters of their outer
side ; the hind coxae with a small blackish spot. The hind femora
on the upper half of their hind side blackish-brown ; fore and mid-
dle tibiae only at the extreme tip slightly infusoated ; the hind
tibiae totally black-brown. The fore tibiae are without bristles ;
the middle and hind tibiae are but sparsely beset with short bris-
tles. Fore and middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint black-
brown, plain ; the first joint of the fore tarsi is somewhat shorter
than the following taken together, the first joint of the middle tarsi
longer than the others taken together. The hind tarsi are black,
very much shorter than the hind tibiae and of a very peculiar struc-
ture ; the first joint is remarkably shortened, the second 4^ the
size and the third 2^- the size of the first ; the fourth joint has only
the length of the first, its end, however, is produced into a stout
thorn, so that with, it this joint is not much shorter than the third ;
the fifth joint is not at the end of the fourth, but attached on its
under side at the place where the fourth joint begins to be pointed ;

156 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

on both tarsi it is rather singularly at right angles with the fourth
joint, is somewhat longer than the third joint and has the form of
a slender club. The grayish-hyaline wings are rather long and
narrow ; their anal angle is rather rounded off ; the last segment
of the fourth longitudinal vein runs upon its middle over a dis-
tinct convexity of the wing and is there a little inflected ; towards
its end it does not much approach the third longitudinal vein,
which is here very gently curved backwards ; the sixth longitudi-
nal vein becomes entirely indistinct at a considerable distance
from the margin of the wing.

Hob. Venezuela. (Moritz.)

Observation. — Although the present species differs in some re-
spects from Eutarsus aulicus, still it coincides in many important
characters with it, so. that it cannot be located into any other
genus, unless, rather prematurely, a new genus is created for it.
Eutarsus aulicus approaches the forms which prevail in the genus
Diaplwrus more than the above described species.

Gen. XXVIII. DIAPHORUS.

At the time of its adoption, and long after, the genus Diaphorus
was considered as one which was very distinct from the genus
Chrysotus. The characters which Meigen uses for their dis-
tinction are the following : for Chrysotus, arista apical, the eyes
of the male contiguous under the antennae, and the wings some-
what divaricated when in repose ; for Diaphorus, arista dorsal,
eyes of the male contiguous on the front, and the wings reposing
upon each other when at rest.

The more species of these two genera have become known and
the more carefully they have been examined, the more unsatisfac-
tory Meigen's characters have been found. North America is
particularly rich in species belonging here, but showing important
structural deviations.

Besides the species showing a different structure of the thorax,
and which were formerly classed with Chrysotus, but are united
now in the genus Chrysotiimis, the other species of Chrysotus,
agreeing in their habitus, are'divided in such, the males of which
have eyes contiguous under the antenna;, and in such, where the
eyes are separated by the sometimes broad face ; the position of

DIAPIIORUS. 157

the arista is likewise by no means always apical ; on the contrary,
it is even 'subapical in the majority of the species.

The same happens to be the case with Diaphorus, where the
eyes of the males are contiguous upon the front in some of the
species only, while in others they are separated by the broad front ;
the arista likewise is not always distinctly dorsal, but in numy
species subapical, and in some truly apical. Thus none of the
distinctive marks, which Meigen had established for these two
genera, holds good, except for Chrysotus, the wings divaricated
in repose, and the parallel wings for Diaphorus. As this charac-
ter can only be observed on living specimens, it is, even if proved
to be correct, entirely insufficient for a systematical distinction of
both genera.

In order to escape this difficulty there are two different ways to
be followed : either the species, with the eyes of the males not
separated upon the front, must remain with Diaphorus, and those
the eyes of which, in the male, are contiguous below the antennas,
must go with Chrysotus, and a new genus must be established for
the species of Diaphorus and Chrysotus, the males of which have
the eyes distant above as well as below the antennas. The other
way to follow would be to discover characters for the distinction
of Chrysotus and Diaphorus better than those which Meigen had
chosen.

The first of these two alternatives is liable to serious objections.
The establishment of three genera would disconnect the relation
naturally existing between the insects forming them, a relation
based upon their general habitus, and their distinction would con-
sist in a character pertaining merely to the male. Therefore
nothing remains but to try the other way.

If we compare first the species of Chrysotus, in which the eyes
of the males are contiguous under the antenna?, w.ith those of Dia-
phorus, where the eyes are not separated on the front, we will
observe the following distinctions : The structure of the body of
the species of Diaphorus is more slender, the abdomen especially
is comparatively narrower, and more stretched out ; the hypopy-
gium of the male has on the hind side four bristles of rather
striking size ; the feet are longer, the pulvilli of the fore tarsi in
the male are not only enlarged, but considerably elongated (with
the exception of D. nigricans Meig.) ; the wings of Diapho-

158 DIPTERA OF NORTH 'AMERICA. [PART II.

rus are comparatively larger, and have a different outline, because
the anal angle is more protruding.

If, separating the typical species of Diaphorus from the typical
species of Chrysotus, we follow out these characters through a
series of those species, winch, notwithstanding the separation of
their eyes upon the front, are placed into the genus Diapliorus,
on account of their general habitus which approaches the typical
species of Diaphorus, we find that those among the above men-
tioned marks of distinction, which are peculiar only to the males,
hold also good among these species ; at least I do not know
of any species which, being placed on account of its general
habitus among the species of Diaphorus, had not on the pos-
terior end of the hypopygium bristles of greater length and
remarkable strength, or in which the pulvilli of the fore tarsi of
the male were not elongated.

It is different, however, with those marks of distinction which
belong to both sexes, as also with the more slender form of the body,
the greater length of the feet, and the more projecting anal angle
of the wings of the species of Diaphorus ; each of these charac-
ters gradually fades away from species to species so that, taken
singly, these characters are utterly insufficient to decide whether
a species belongs to Diapliorus or to Chrysotus. As it happens,
however, that where one character decreases, another one becomes
more salient, it follows that in their totality they are sufficient
to distinguish the females of both genera, with the exception,
perhaps, of a few isolated cases. In doubtful cases it will be well
to compare the description of the species of both genera.

The character of the genus Diaphorus may, therefore, be estab-
lished, as follows : Form of the body rather elongated. Eyes
of the male never contiguous on the face, in some species sepa-
rated upon the front, in others 'not. Antenna? short, the first
joint bare, the second transverse, the third short, distinctly hairy,
with a dorsal or subapical, rarely with an apical arista. Wings
rather large, with strongly projecting anal angle, and thus usually
somewhat broader towards the basis ; the posterior transverse
vein is either a little beyond, or in, or before the middle of the
wing, never close to the margin of the wing ; the last segment
of the fourth longitudinal vein is almost straight, or but gently
inflected, seldom interrupted, so that its end is thus more approxi-
mated to the third longitudinal vein, without, however, converging

DIAPHORUS. 159

towards it. Feet rather long, but not very slender ; the first joint
of 'the hind tarsi without bristles ; the pulvilli of the fore tarsi
elongated in the males of all species ; in the males of some species
the same is the case with the pulvilli of the middle tarsi ; in some
with the pulvilli of all the tarsi. The hypopygiuni small, imbed-
ded, on the posterior end with stouter bristles.

The name of the genus (from Sia^opo;, different) signifies nothing
more but tBat the species on which this genus was established were
remarkably different from the species of previous genera, and is
therefore not at all characteristic.

The known species of Diaphorus are found in Europe, Asia,
Africa and America.

Table for the determination of the Species.

< Color of the body non-metallic, black. 1 opacus Lw.

\ Color of the body metallic-green. 2

( Feet entirely yellow. 2 mundus Lw.

( Feet not entirely yellow. 3

( Tegulss with black cilia. 4

I Tegulse with whitish cilia. 6

( Eyes of the male contiguous. 3 spectabilis Lw.

\ Eyes of the male not contiguous. 5

f All the tibiae yellow. 4 sodalis Lw.

5 -I Only the first half of the four anterior tibise yellow.

5 lamellatus, nov. sp.

fLast segment of the fourth longitudinal vein not internipted.
6 leucostomus Lw.
j Last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein interrupted.

7 interruptus Lw.

Systematical arrangement of the Species.

I. The eyes of the male contiguous upon the front.

1. opacus Lw. 3. spectabilis Lw.

2. mundus Lw.

II. The eyes of the male not contiguous upon the front.

A. The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein not interrupted.

4. sodalis Lwf 6. lamellatus, nov. sp.

5. leucostomus Lw.

B. The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein interrupted.

7. interruptus Lw.

160 DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Description of the Species.

I. THE EYES OF THE MALE CONTIGUOUS UPON THE FRONT.
1. I>. opacus LOEW. £ . — Totus niger, tibiis piceis.
Entirely black, tibiae pitch-brown. Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12—

0.13.

I

SYN. Diaphorus opacus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 56, 1.

Male. Entirely black. Face with the palpi and the proboscis
black, entirely glabrous. Antenna? black ; third joint small ; posi-
tion of the arista more subapical than dorsal. The eyes are com-
pletely contiguous on the upper part of the front ; immediately
above the antennas a brownish-black, opaque, triangular spot lies
between them. Upper side of the thorax and of the scutellum
covered with brown dust and opaque. The dust upon the black
pleurae is more gray-brown and less distinct. The abdomen
shining black, covered with black hair ; the stronger bristles on
the posterior part of the hypopygium very striking ; its exterior
appendages very small, black ; coxae and femora black and with
black hair ; fore and middle femora on the under side with a row
of sparse, erect, not very long black hairs ; on the under side of
the hind femora there are similar black little hairs, which are less
erect and somewhat longer only towards the end. Fore and mid-
dle tibiae more yellowish-brown; hind tibise dark-brown. Fore
tarsi slender, the first joint as long as the following three together;
a great part of the first joint is yellowish-brown, its tip with the
rest of the joints black-brown ; pulvilli not very much enlarged
and only moderately elongated. Middle tarsi black-brown with
yellowish-brown basis ; hind tarsi entirely black-brown. Halteres
and tegulaa black ; the cilia of the latter also black. Wings smoky-
blackish, towards the anterior margin darker ; they become visi-
bly broader towards the basis ; posterior transverse vein but little
before the middle of the wing ; the first longitudinal vein reaches
almost as far as the middle of the anterior margin and is some-
what distant from the latter.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — D. opacus is very closely allied to the Euro-
pean D. nigricans. As I have only one specimen of the former,
I am unable to prove the coincidence of both species in all the

DIAPIIORUS. 1C1

plastic characters as fully as it is necessary when an American
species is to be recognized as identical with a European species.
Neither can I mention any reliable characters for the distinction
of both species. I believe that the examination of a larger num-
ber of specimens will establish their identity.

Observation 2. — I believe I know the female of D. opacus, am
however not certain, on account of the smaller length of the first
longitudinal vein and the paler coloring of the hind tibia?. The
proboscis of this female is remarkably stout and protruding with
a flattened tip ; palpi rather large and broad. Face with an
almost imperceptible grayish dust, with a distinct transverse swell-
ing upon its middle ; front with gray-brown dust and with a trans-
verse furrow below its middle ; all the tibia? yellowish-brown,
wings tinged with a dusky blackish color, though not so much as
in the above described male, and towards the fore margin not
much darker ; the first longitudinal vein reaches about as far as
the middle between the extreme root of the wings and the end of
the second longitudinal vein. All the rest as in the male.

Hab. Pennsylvania.

2. D. mundus LOEW. % and 9 • — Laete viridis, pedibus totis flavis.

Light metallic green, all the feet yellow. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13. Long,
al. 0.12—0.13.

SYN. Diaphorus mundus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 57, 2.

Light metallic green. The face has a blue-green, but little
shining, ground color, which is rather concealed by the distinct
white dust ; it is somewhat broader in the female and has a dis-
tinct transverse swelling. Palpi yellowish-brown, much larger -in
the female and blackened to a considerable extent towards the
basis. Proboscis dusky yellow or yellowish-brown. Antennas
brownish-yellow ; the small third joint more infuscated ; the arista
almost apical ; the eyes of the male meet completely on the upper
part of the front, while they are separated directly above the
antenna? by a triangular spot of white dust. The front of the
female is of entirely uniform breadth, only very little exceeding
the breadth of the face, has a blue-green, scarcely a somewhat
shining ground color, and is covered with yellowish dust. The
cilia of the upper orbit are black and, on account of their brevity,
11

1G2 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

but difficult to perceive ; the cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits
are whitish. Upper side of the thorax and of the scutellum pale-
green, with metallic lustre, covered with rather thick ochre-yellow
dust. Abdomen somewhat darker metallic green, often more gold-
green, or coppery-brownish. The bristles at the end of the hypo-
pygiurn are not very long ; its exterior appendages brownish and
very small. Coxae and feet yellow ; the first two-thirds of the
middle coxae blackened, the hind coxae near the basis infuscated.
The hair on the feet appears black ; when seen by a reflected light
it changes on the tibiae to brownish and on the larger portion
of the femora to fallow-yellowish; the root, a part of the under
side of the femora, also the fore coxae are distinctly fallow-yellow-
ish. The tarsi are scarcely a little infuscated towards their tips,
though their last joint is of a dark brown color. In the male the
pulvilli of the fore and middle tarsi are considerably enlarged and
elongated ; the pulvilli of the hind tarsi are much less so.
Halteres and tegulse yellowish with black-brown cilia, which in
some directions have a yellowish lustre. Wings grayish-hyaline,
on the anterior half usually somewhat yellowish with yellowish-
brown veins ; they are rather large and towards the basis a little
broader, but their greater breadth is not so near to the posterior
margin as in the previous species ; the posterior transverse vein
is not nearer to the extreme tip of the wing than it is to its root
and the first longitudinal vein reaches scarcely above the first third
of the length of the whole wing.
Hob. Pennsylvania.

3. D. spectalbilis LOEW. % . — Aeneo-viridis, femoribus nigris, tibiis
tarsorumque omnium basi flavis, ciliis tegularum nigris, oculis maris in
fronte contiguis.

Bronze green, femora black, tibise and the root of all the tarsi yellow, cilia
of the tegulse black, the eyes of the male contiguous on the front. Long,
corp. 0.13—0.17. Long. al. 0.15—0.16.

SYN. Diaphorus spectabilis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 57, 3.

Dark metallic-green, thorax and abdomen more bronze-green,
the former sometimes more coppery. Face blue-green with thick
white dust, which conceals considerably the ground color. Palpi
and proboscis black. Antennas black, small ; arista almost com-
pletely apical. The eyes meeting upon the front to a large extent
.and separated only by a very small triangular spot, immediately

DIAPHORUS. 163

above the antennae. Cilia on the upper orbit black, on the lower
and lateral orbits white. Upper side of the thorax and scutellum
covered with yellow-brownish dust. The stouter bristles on the
posterior end of the very small hypopygium rather striking ; its
exterior appendages brown and very small. Coxae black and with
whitish dust ; the hair on the fore coxa? appears in most directions
black, in others fallow-brownish. Femora black, somewhat with a
green reflection ; the tip of the fore and middle femora brownish-
yellow ; their black hair, even on the under side, neither of con-
siderable length nor density. Tibiae brownish-yellow, rather
slender, with a few bristles. Fore tarsi very slender, from the tip
of the first joint black-brown, though the basis of the second joint
is again paler than the tip of the first ; their first joint is as long
as the other four together ; the pulvilli are very much enlarged
and elongated. Middle tarsi of an entirely similar structure, of
the same color, but their pulvilli are somewhat less enlarged ;
hind tarsi from the tip of the first joint black-brown, their pulvilli
but very little enlarged ; the yellowish tegulae with blackish cilia,
which assume a yellowish glitter in a reflected light. Halteres
yellowish, the tip of their knob usually somewhat infuscated.
Wings tinged with gray, with blackish-brown veins, along which,
in faded specimens, there are blackish-brown margins ; they are
broad, though their greatest breadth is not very close to the pos-
terior angle ; the space between the third and fourth longitudinal
veins is rather wide ; the last segment of the latter shows a very
gentle flexure ; posterior transverse vein rather long and somewhat
beyond the middle of the wing ; the first longitudinal vein reaches
somewhat beyond the first third of the whole length of the wings
and is not very far distant from the anterior margin.
Hob. District Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

II. THE EYES OP T.HE MALE NOT CONTIGUOUS UPON THE FRONT.

A. The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein not interrupted.

4. D. sodalis LOEW. £ and 9 • — Aeneo-viridis, femoribus nigris,
tibiis omnibus tarsorumque anteriorum basi flavis, tarsis posticis totis ex
nigro fuscis, ciliis tegularum nigris, oculis maris in fronte separatis.

Bronze-green ; femora black ; all the tibiae and the basis of the four ante-
rior tarsi yellow ; all the hind tarsi black-brown ; cilia of the tegulae

164 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

black ; eyes of the male separated upon tlie front. Long. corp. 0.14 —
0.15. Long. al. 0.15.

STN. Diaphorus sodalis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 58, 4.

Rather dark metallic-green, the abdomen and sometimes also
the thorax more bronze-green, the scutellum in one specimen violet
upon its middle. Face of the male of uniform breadth, green-blue
with thick white dust ; the face of the female visibly broader,
more green, with less dust, below the middle with a transverse
swelling. Palpi of the male whitish, only near the extreme basis
somewhat blackish ; the palpi of the female much larger, only at
the tip dusky-whitish, otherwise blackish. Antennas small, black,
with an apical arista. Front of the male of uniform breadth,
somewhat exceeding the breadth of the face, blue with yellow-
brownish dust, and green and shining upon the vertex. The front
of the female is considerably broader, more green and less thickly
dusted, the dust has in the vicinity of the antennae a whitish
appearance. Cilia of the upper orbit black, those of the lateral
and inferior orbits whitish. Thorax distinctly, but not very thickly,
dusted. The coarser bristles on the posterior end of the small
hypopygium are less striking ; the very small exterior appendages
are brownish-black. Coxa3 black with whitish dust ; the fore coxae
indistinctly dingy white-yellowish at the tip ; the sparse hair on
the front side pale, but the bristles black at the tip. The tro-
chanter of the fore and middle feet dusky-yellowish, of the hind
feet more brownish. Femora black with green lustre ; their black
hair is comparatively short ; only on the under side of the femora
of the male, very closely to the tip, a few somewhat longer bristle-
like hairs. The tips of the four anterior feihora and the tibias are
brownish-yellow, but the tip of the hind tibiae is rather dark-
brown. The fore tarsi of the male are slender and elongated,
brownish-yellow at the root, then gradually becoming more infus-
cated ; their first joint is about as long as the two following taken
together ; the pulvilli are but moderately enlarged and elongated.
The middle tarsi of the male are of the same color as the fore
tarsi and of the same structure, but the first joint is almost as
long as the following four taken together, and the pulvilli are not
so much enlarged and less elongated. The fore and middle tarsi
of the female correspond in color with those of the male, are, how-
ever, considerably shorter, have no enlarged pulvilli, and the first

DIAPHORUS. 165

joint of the fore tarsi is about equal in length to all the other joints
together. The short hind tarsi are in both sexes dark black-brown.
Cilia of the white-yellowish tegulie black. Halteres white-yellow-
ish. Wings tinged with gray, with black-brown veins, which are
margined with dusky in faded specimens ; they are rather large
and broad ; their greatest breadth is close before the middle ; the
posterior transverse vein lies in the middle between the extreme
root and the extreme tip of the wing ; the fourth longitudinal
vein is somewhat distant from the third one ; the first longitudinal
vein is comparatively close to the margin of the wing and scarcely
reaches one-third of the length of the wings.
Hob. New York.

5. D. lameliatus, nov. sp. £ . — Aeneo-viridis, pedibus nigris,
tibiarum anteriorum diraidio basali fla^o, ciliis tegularum nigris, oculis
maris in fronte separatis.

Bronze-green ; feet black ; basal half of fhe four anterior tibise yellow ;
cilia of the tegulse black ; the eyes of the male separated upon the front.
— Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.14.

Dark metallic-green, the color of the scutellum sometimes more
blue and that of the abdomen more coppery. Face with thick
whitish dust. Palpi small, whitish and fringed with a few black
hairs. Antennas small, black ; the arista subapical. Eyes separated ;
front much narrower than the face, broader below than above, and
covered with thick white dust. Cilia of the upper orbit black, of
the lateral and inferior orbits whitish. Thorax, though with dis-
tinct, but very thin brownish-yellow dust.' On the posterior end
of the hypopygium there are six bristles of remarkable strength.
The brownish-black exterior appendages' are of much larger size
than in the kindred species ; they are elongated spatule-shaped,
very narrow at the root, rounded at the tip and fringed with
blackish hairs. Coxas and feet black ; the trochanter of the fore
coxae, the extreme tip of the four anterior femora and basal half
of the four anterior tibise yellow. The hair upon the feet is black,
on the under side of the hind femora elongated and more dense
towards their tip. The pulvilli of the fore tarsi are rather un-
commonly elongated, while those of the middle tarsi exhibit only
a small elongation and those of the hind tarsi none at all. Cilia
of the white-yellowish tegulre black. Halteres white-yellowish.
Wings gray with brownish-black veins, rather large and broad ;

106 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

they have their greatest breadth somewhat before their middle ;
the posterior transverse veitf is in the middle between the extreme
root and the tip of the wings ; the first longitudinal vein runs at
least as far as the third of the length of the wing.
Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

•

6. D. leucostomus LOEW. $ and J. — Laete viridis, thorace et
scutello interdurn caerulescentibus, tegularum ciliis albidis, ven§, longi-
tudinal! quarts, non interrupta.

Light green, thorax and scutellum sometimes more blue ; cilia of the
teguloe whitish, the fourth longitudinal vein not interrupted. Long.
corp. 0.09—0.10. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Diaphorus leucostomus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 58, 5.

Male. Light green, metallic, shining, thorax and scutellum
sometimes sky-blue. Face for a nlale very broad, deepened length-
wise, without transverse swelling, so thickly covered with snow-
white dust, that the ground-color becomes invisible. Palpi
protruding, much larger than in the males of other species ;
proboscis very small, black. Antenna black, larger than in other
species ; the third joint is particularly distinguished by its more
considerable size and is extended at the end into a short point ;
arista inserted on the upper side before the tip of this point, but
so much bent downward as to be easily mistaken for being apical.
Front of uniform breadth, scarcely exceeding that of the face,
blue with white dust, which is thicker near the antennae and is
almost totally wanting upon the vertex. Cilia of the upper orbit
black, those of the lower and lateral orbits whitish. Thorax with
thin gray-whitish dust. . The bristles on the posterior margin of
the small hypopygium rather long and strong; its outer appen-
dages are not distinctly visible. Coxae black, the foremost dusky-
whitish at the tip, on the front side rather bright blue-green and
fringed with whitish hair, but without black hairs or bristles.
Femora metallic blue-green with yellowish tip, with very short
hair. Tibia? and tarsi yellowish, the latter towards the end gradu-
ally somewhat darker, but only their last joint brown ; fore tibite
without strong bristles, middle and hind tibiae with a stronger
bristle on the exterior edge of their upper side. and not far from
the root ; the hind tibiae, on the exterior edge of the upper side,
are sparsely beset with shorter and weaker bristles. Fore tarsi

DIAPHORUS. 1C 7

long and slender ; their first joint about as long as the other three
together, the pulvilli considerably enlarged and elongated. Middle
tarsi like the fore tarsi and of a similar color, but their first joint
about as long as the other four together, and the pulvilli not
quite so large and not quite so elongated as on the fore tarsi.
Hind tarsi more infuscated, only the root of the first joint brown-
ish-yellow. Tegulse whitish with whitish cilia. Halteres also
whitish. Wings hyaline, but very little tinged with gray ; veins
brown-black ; the posterior transverse vein rather exactly in the
middle between the root and the tip of the wing ; the first longi-
tudinal vein reaches but very little beyond the third part of the
length of the wings.

Female. Face very little broader than in the male, with thick
white powder, although appearing gray on account of the appa-
rent dark ground-color ; it is somewhat deepened upon its larger
upper part and gently convex upon its smaller lower part ; both
parts are divided by an imperfect transverse swelling. Palpi
whitish, near the basis somewhat gray. Antennae considerably
smaller than in the male, the third joint much smaller, rounded,
with an almost imperceptible angle below the insertion of the
arista. Front more broad and more green than in the male.
Tarsi shorter and usually somewhat more infuscated than those of
the male. The pulvilli not enlarged.

Hob. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — I believe that I am not mistaken with regard
to their belonging together, but I rather preferred to describe
them separately: If, contrary to expectation, they should prove
as not belonging together, then the name must remain to the male,
which I consider as typical.

Observation 2. — D. leucostomus approaches in its entire habitus
several species which I believe must be referred to Chrysotus more
than any other species of the genus Diaphorus, known to me. The
elongation into a point of the third joint of the antenna in the male
seems to indicate a relationship to Synarthrus barbatus ; neverthe-
less the latter differs materially by its narrow, not deepened face,
by the conspicuously elongated third joint of the antennas and
also by the entirely apical insertion of the arista.

168 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

B. The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein interrupted.

"7. D. iuterruptus LOEW. £ . — Obscure virescens, inodice nitens,
femoribus et tibiis concoloribus, genibus testaceis, tarsis fuscis, vena
alarum longitudinal! quarta interrupta.

Dark green, moderately shining ; femora and tibiae also green ; knees
brownish-yellow ; tarsi brown ; the fourth longitudinal vein interrupted.
—Long. corp. 0.23. Long. al. 0.20.

SYN. Diaphorus interruptus LOEW, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 37, 9. — LOEW,
Neue Beitr. VIII, 59, 6.

Male. Rather dark green, not very shining. Face of uniform
breadth with the front, very broad for a male, covered with thick
whitish dust, so that the ground color becomes invisible, moder-
ately deepened and without a transverse swelling. Palpi and
proboscis black. Antennae black ; their first joint somewhat longer
than in other species ; the third joint rounded ; position of the
arista distinctly dorsal. Front with thick dusky-whitish powder,
so as to conceal the ground color. Cilia of the upper orbit black ;
the cilia of the lateral and inferior orbits are whitish and form a
considerable fringe. Upper side of the thorax and of the scutel-
lum dark-green and dull from grayish dust. Abdomen more
shining-green, with extensive but less thick whitish dust and on
the anterior part of the segments coppery to a large extent. The
four stout bristles on the posterior end of the small and imbedded
hypopygium are very prominent. Coxae black ; the fore and
middle coxa? on the front side more black-green and fringed with
black bristles. Femora metallic green, stout, beset with dense
and coarse black hair, on the under side with numerous, but not
strong black bristles. Knees yellowish-brown. Tibiae on the
under and front side black-brown, on the upper and hind side
dark metallic-green, of strong structure and with unusually strong
bristles. Tarsi black-brown, the root of the anterior ones and
the under side of all the others more brownish-red ; all tarsi are
stouter and less elongated than in the other species known to me,
also with more hair ; the pulvilli are all very much enlarged and
elongated. Tegulaa yellowish with pale-yellowish cilia. Wings
hyaline, scarcely a little tinged with gray, alternately with yellow
and brown veins ; first longitudinal vein somewhat distant from
the margin of the wing and reaching about as far as the middle of
the wing ; the third longitudinal vein is very close to the second

LYRONEURUS. 1G9

and ends long before the tip of the wing, although its end is very
much curved backwards ; the posterior transverse vein is very
short and lies much before the middle of the wing, so that the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein becomes uncommonly long ;
the latter diverges very much from the third longitudinal vein, is
entirely interrupted upon its second third and the last third, which
is remarkable by its slenderuess, is pushed forward towards the
third longitudinal vein.

Hob. Cuba. (Poey.)

Observation. — The interruption of the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein is particularly striking in this species ; a trace
of it is also found in some of the European species. The position
and the course of the third longitudinal vein recall the neuration
of Lyroneurus.

Gen. XXIX. LYRONEURUS.

The following are the characters of the genus Lyroneurus:
The body is elongated. Eyes upon front and face widely sepa-
rated in both sexes. Antennas short ; the first joint not hairy,
the second transverse, the third short, rounded, distinctly hairy ;
arista apical. Wings very large, at the tip broad and very ob-
tuse ; the posterior transverse vein does not approach the margin
of the wing ; the third longitudinal vein very close to the second
and very much turned backward at the end ; the space between
the third and fourth longitudinal veins remarkably broad ; last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein distinctly inflected. Feet
rather long, but not very slender ; first joint of the hind tarsi
without bristles. Pulvilli of the fore tarsi in the male not elon-
gated. Hypopygium small, imbedded, at the posterior end with
four strong bristles ; its appendages are very small and hidden.

The genus Lyroneurus is by far the next related to the genus
Diaphorus. A. more minute examination of the American spe-
cies of Diaphorus has satisfied me that this relationship is
greater than I supposed, when establishing the genus Lyro-
neurus (Wien. Ent. Monatsch. I, 37). The larger size of the
wings, which are very broad at the tip, the greater breadth of the
space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, the distinct
flexure of the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein and the
not elongated pulvilli of the fore tarsi in the male, these are the

170 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

characters which distinguish Lyroneurus from DiapTiorus. The
last of these characters is decisive for the maintenance of the
genus Lyroneurus, as the elongation of the pulvilli of the fore
tarsi in the male cannot be dispensed with in the character of the
genus Diaphorus, without rendering the limit between Diaphorus
and Chrysotus entirely uncertain.

The genus Lyroneurus, to which also belongs D. adustus
Wied., seems to contain only American species; they appear to
be particularly numerous in South America.

The name of the genus (from xvpa, the lyre, and vsvpov, the
nerve) has reference to the lyre-shaped position of the third and
fourth longitudinal veins.

/

1. L,. caerulescens LOEW. £ . — Viridis, thorace et abdominis dorso
cseruleis, femorum apice tibiisque totis testaceis, tarsis ex nigro fuscis.

Green, thorax and dorsum of the abdomen sky-blue ; tip of the femora and
the whole tibiae brownish-yellow; tarsi black-brown. Long. corp. 0.22.
Long. al. 0.25.

SYN. Lyroneurus cserulescens LOEW, Wien. Ent. Mon. I, 39. — LOEW, Neue
Beitr. VIII, 60, 1.

Light metallic-green, most of the upper side of the thorax, of
the scutellum and the greater part of the upper side of the abdo-
men sky-blue or violet. Face of considerable and uniform breadth
and so thickly covered with gray- whitish dust that no trace of the
blue-green ground-color is left. Palpi black, with white-gray
dust and with strong black hairs. Antenna? black, short. Front
of uniform breadth, equal to that of the face ; the dust upon it is
so thick that hardly a trace of the ground color is left. Cilia of
the upper orbit black, cilia on the lateral and inferior orbits white
and forming a rather thick beard. Thorax pale green, upon the
middle line and upon the whole hind part sky-blue, or shifting to
violet. The rather thick dust on the upper side of the thorax has
a gray-brownish tinge. Scutelluin blue or violet with gray-brown
dust, on each side with a stronger and with a weaker bristle, on
the surface bare. Pleurae green with rather thick gray-white
dust. Abdomen cylindrical, metallic-green; its upper side
shining blue or violet from the middle of the second segment to
the tip. The hair upon the abdomen is black ; the bristles on the
hind margin of the single segments are but of moderate length.

CIIRYSOTUS. HI

The lateral margin of the abdomen shows a distinct gray-whitish
dust. The small hypopygiuni is completely imbedded ; it has (as
I now perceive on a well-preserved specimen) four strong bristles
on the hind margin, like the hypopygiuni of the males of Diapho-
rus ; the appendages of the hypopygiuni are extremely small, and
completely hidden. Coxae black, somewhat shifting to green, ren-
dered gray by a covering of dust ; the fore coxa? at the tip are of
a dusky-yellowish color, and beset with black bristles, while on
their front side there is some pale hair. Femora green, not
strong and fringed with comparatively short black hair. On the
four anterior femora the tip to a considerable extent, and on the
hind femora only the extreme tip are of a brownish-yellow color.
Tibiae brownish-yellow, the tip of the hind tibiae strongly infus-
cated, all the tibiae with but few bristles. Tarsi black-brown, the
first joint of the middle tarsi up to its first third, that of the fore
tarsi up to the middle, yellow-brownish. Fore tarsi but little
longer than the fore tibiae, and their first joint not quite so long
as the rest ; their pulvilli not enlarged. Tegulae white-yellowish
with brownish-black cilia. Wings grayish hyaline with a greasy
lustre ; veins brown ; the first longitudinal vein lies close to the
margin of the wing and reaches only a little over the first quarter
of the length of the wings ; the costa is rather stout, particularly
near the end of the second longitudinal vein ; the posterior trans-
verse vein is straight and is pretty much in the middle between
the root and the tip of the wing.
Hob. Mexico.

•

Gen. XXX. CHRYSOTUS.

The genus CJirysotus contains on the average only small spe-
cies. The eyes of the males in many species meet upon the front ;
in males of other species they are separated. The front becomes
broader towards the vertex in most of these species, and more so
than is the case with the species of Diapliorus. Antenna? very
short ; the first joint without any hair ; the second transverse ; the
third rounded, often rather kidney-shaped, sometimes pointed and
distinctly hairy ; only in one species, which, on account of the
agreement of all the other characters, I have located with Chry-
sotus, the third joint of the antennae is considerably longer, almost
of the same shape as in most of the species of Argyra. The tvvo-

172 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

jointed arista has an apical or a subapical position. Hypopygium
imbedded, distinctly hairy ; its outer appendages have a lamelli-
form structure and are usually concealed. Feet rather short and
comparatively strong. The first joint of the hind tarsi without
bristles. Wings in comparison rather broad and very rounded at
the tip ; the small transverse vein in most of the species very far
distant from the margin of the wing ; the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein straight, parallel or almost parallel to the
third longitudinal vein.

I have already expressed myself in detail (see Diaphorus)
about the difficulty attending the distinction of the genera Dia-
phorus and Chrysotus. I have pointed out that I consider the
smaller size, the less slender form, the comparatively smaller size
of the wings, the smaller length of the feet, the not elongated pul-
villi of the fore tarsi in the male and the absence of stronger bris-
tles on the posterior end of the hypopygium, as those characters,
which enable us to distinguish the species of Chrysotus from
Diaphorus.

The range of the genus Chrysotus is known to be Europe, Asia,
Africa, and America. The name of the genus (from xpvour6$,
gilded) has reference to the gold-green color of many species.

Mr. Say has described three North American species of Chry-
sotus ; hardly one of the three probably belongs to this genus, as
Mr. Say seems to have misunderstood its characters ; Chrysotus
nubilus may be a Hedeterus, C. concinnarius is perhaps a Dia-
phorus, and C. abdominalis is probably a Chrysotimus. In the
next* place Mr. Macquart has described a female as Chrysotus
viridifemora ; if face and front are covered with white dust, as it
seems to follow from his description, this character and the color
of the feet may perhaps help to recognize the species. Finally,
Mr. Walker has, in his usual careless manner, published a Chry-
sotus incertus, which probably will remain incertus forever; as he
has not even stated the sex of the specimen described, his descrip-
tion is of no use whatever.

I know, thus far, twelve North American species of Chrysotus,
of which five are represented in both sexes, three only in the male,
and four in the female sex ; two of the latter offer but so little
peculiar characteristics, that I hesitate with their publication,
while the two others are striking enough to preclude the possi-
bility of a mistake.

CIIRYSOTUS. 1 I 3

»
Table for the determination of the Species.

, ( Third joint of the antennse elongated. 1 cornutus, nov. sp.

(. Third joint of the antennse not elongated at all. 2

q J Femora of dark color.

I Femora of pale color. 11

„ ( Ground-color of the palpi pale. 4

I Ground-color of the palpi blackish.

. ( Palpi white. 2 longimanus Lw.

\ Palpi yellow, near the basis blackish. 3 validus Lw.

, ( Cilia of the tegulae black. 6

I Cilia of the tegulae pale. 8

fi ( Eyes of the male separated. 6 vividus, nov. sp.

1 Eyes of the male contiguous. 7

f Four anterior tibiae of the male and all the tibiae of the female yellow.

4 obliquus Lw.

| Both the fore tibiae of the male and the four anterior tibic-e of the

female yellow. 5 affinis Lw.

o ( Wings of the male with thickened costa. 9

1 Wings of the male without a thickened costa. 10

Q ( Costa of the male very much incrassated. 7 costalis Lw.

\ Costa of the male moderately incrassated. 8 subcostatus, nov. sp.

' Smaller species, with about three bristles on the upper side of the

hind tibiae. 9 discolor Lw.

Larger species, with about five bristles on the upper side of the hind

tibiae. 10 auratus Lw.

,, ( Antennas entirely black. 11 pallipes Lw.

1 First joint of the antennae red. 12 picticornis, nov. sp.

Systematical arrangement of the Species.

I. Third joint of the antenna elongated. .

1. cornutus, nov. sp.

II. Third joint of the antennae not elongated at all.
A. Femora of a dark color.

A. Ground-color of the palpi pale.

2. longimanus Lw. 3. validus Lw.

B. Ground-color of the palpi blackish.

1. Cilia of the tegulae black.

4. obliquus Lw. 6. vividus, nov. sp.

5. affinis Lw.

2. Cilia of the tegulae pale.

114 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

a. Costa of the male incrassated.

7. costalis Lw. 8. subcostatus, nov. sp.

b. Costa of the male not incrassated.

9. discolor Lw. 10. auratus Lw.

B. Femora of a pale color.

11. pallipes Lw. 12. picticornis, nov. sp.

Description of the Species.

I. THIRD JOINT OF THE ANTENNA ELONGATED.

1. C. corimtus, nov. sp. £ . — Obscure viridis, paulo nitens, tertio
antennarum articulo eloiigato, oculis infra antennis contiguis, tegularum
ciliis femoribusque nigris, tibiis testaceis, tarsis anterioribus iude ab
articuli primi apice, posticisque totis fuscis.

Dark green, little shining ; the last joint of the antennae elongated, eyes
meeting below the antennae ; cilia of the tegulse and femora black ;
tibiae brownish-yellow ; the four anterior tarsi from the tip of the first
joint and all the hind tarsi brown. Long. corp. 0.09. Long. al. 0.09.

Dark green, moderately shining. Antennae black, the third
joint uncommonly elongated for a Chrysotus, almost of the same
shape as in the species of Argyra, only somewhat longer, with a
blunt tip ; arista apical. Front black-green. ' Coxaa and femora
black, the latter with brownish-yellow tip. Tibiae brownish-yel-
low, the hindmost black-brown at the tip and fringed on their
upper side with a moderate number of bristles. The four anterior
tarsi are black-brown from the tip of the first joint ; the hind tarsi
are of a black-brown color. Cilia of the tegula? black. Wings
of the usual structure peculiar to the genus Chrysotus, hyaline
with a gray tinge ; the small transverse vein is before the middle
of the wing and is short.-

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — This species is distinguished from all other spe-
cies of the genus Chrysotus in a striking manner by the unusual
elongation of the third joint of the antennas, agrees, however, com-
pletely in all other respects. I have hesitated to establish a new
genus upon it, as but a single character constitutes its difference
from Chrysotus, which character belongs probably only to the
male.

CHRYSOTUS. 175

II. THE THIRD JOINT OF THE ANTENNAE NOT ELONGATED AT ALL.

A. Femora of a dark color.
A. Ground color of the palpi pale.

2. C. loilgimanus LOEW. £ . — Viridis, nitens, palpis albis, tarsis
anterioribus tenuibus et longis.

Green, shining, palpi white, the four anterior tarsi long and slender. Long.

corp. 0.14. Long. al. 0.14.
SYN. Chrysotus longimanus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 62, 1.

Shining green. Face of uniform, and for a male, rather consi-
derable breadth ; the covering of white dust does not entirely con-
ceal the green-blue ground color. Palpi white, not very broad,
but for a male rather long. The third joint of the antenna? not
large, rather kidney-shaped ; the position of the arista rather pre-
cisely apical. Front metallic-green, very little dusty and towards
the vertex very little enlarged. Upper side of the thorax covered
only with a thin brownish-yellow dust. Coxae and femora black
with a blue-green metallic lustre, which is more distinct on the
femora ; the tip of the fore coxa? yellow, the tip of the posterior
coxae dusky-brown. On the anterior feet the tip of the femora,
the tibia? and the greatest part of the first joint of the tarsi are
yellow ; the remainder of the unusually slender and long fore tarsi
is dark brown ; the hind tibite are yellow, but distinctly infuscated
at the tip ; the hind tarsi are dark brown. The hair upon the
feet is short and the bristles very scarce. Cilia of the tegula?
pale. Wings distinctly tinged with gray and with rather black
veins. The posterior transverse vein is more distant from the
root of the wing than in most of the other species.

Hob. Middle States.

3. C. validus LOEW. f . — Aureo-viridis, nitens, palpis flavis, basim
versus nigricantibus, pedibus flavis, femoribus posticis excepto apice
nigris, viridi-micantibus, feinoribus anticis nigro lituratis.

Golden-green, shining, palpi yellow, towards the basis blackish ; feet yel-
low, hind femora with the exception of the tip black, with greenish lus-
tre, the anterior femora striped with black. Long. corp. 0.13. Long,
al. 0.13.

SYN. Chrysotus validus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 63, 2.

Golden-green, shining. Face for a female of moderate breadth ;

176 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

its covering with whitish dust does not entirely conceal the blue-
green ground-color ; the usual transverse swelling lies, as in most
of the other species, usually rather far below its middle ; palpi for
a female of moderate size, yellowish and blackish at the root. The
third joint of the antenna comparatively not large, rather rounded.
Front metallic-green, with thin dust and towards the vertex a lit-
tle enlarged. Upper side of the thorax only with thin, brownish-
yellow dust. Coxae and hind femora black with metallic-green
lustre, which is most distinctly seen on the latter. The tip of the
fore coxae yellow ; fore feet yellow ; femora on the upper side with
a black longitudinal stripe, the tarsi infuscated from the tip of the
first joint ; middle feet entirely yellow ; the tarsi infuscated only
from the tip of the first joint ; on the hind feet the extreme tip of
the femora, the tibiae and the greater part of the first joint of the
tarsi are of a pale color. The hair upon the feet is short and
rather delicate, the bristles only few, though the little bristles on
the hind tibiae are rather long. The pale hairs on the cilia of
the tegulae seem to have,, in some directions, a dark appearance.
Wings only slightly tinged with gray, with dark brown veins.
The posterior transverse vein approaches but little the root of
the wing, and is somewhat farther from it than in most of the
other species.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

B. Ground color of the palpi blackish..
1. Cilia of the tegulae black.

4. C. Ofcliquus LOEW. % and £ • — Viridis, nitens, tegularum ciliis
nigris, femoribus nigris viridi-micantibus, summo anteriorum apice
flavo.

£ . Oculis contiguis, tertio antennarum articulo obliquo, tibiis anteriori-
bus flavis.

9 . Tibiis omnibus flavis.

Shining-green ; cilia of the tegulse black ; femora black, with green lustre ;

the extreme tip of the four anterior femora yellow.
$ . The eyes contiguous ; the third joint of the antennae oblique ; the four

anterior tibiae yellow.

9 . All the tibiae yellow. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10. Long. al. 0.09 — 0.10.
SYN. Chrysotus obliquus LOEW, JMeue Beitr. VIII, 63, 3.

Male. Eyes completely contiguous upon the face ; the small
triangular spot between them, immediately below the antennae, is

CII11YSOTUS. 177

covered with brown-gray dust ; the very small palpi black. The
third joint of the antennae comparatively with long hair, rather
large, oblique, its upper margin much more arched than the lower
margin, which is almost straight ; the arista is subapical. Front
metallic-green, without a distinct trace of dust and becoming
broader upwards. Thorax shining green, sometimes rather gold-
green. Coxa? and femora black with metallic-green lustre; on the
four anterior feet the extreme tip of the femora, the tibia3 and
the greater part of the first joint of the tarsi are yellow, the fol-
lowing part of the tarsi black-brown ; the hind tibia? and hind
tarsi are decidedly of a brown-black color. The hair upon the
feet, though somewhat rough, is short, and even on the hind tibice
of very moderate length ; the hind femora have on the under side
before the tip but a few bristle-like hairs ; the bristles on the tibise
are very scarce ; the pulvilli are very small even on the fore tarsi.
Cilia of the tegulae black, though some of them exhibit in a re-
flected light a yellow-brownish glitter. Wings somewhat tinged
with gray ; veins black ; the posterior transverse vein very close
to the root of the wing ; the last segment of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein parallel to the third and ending a little before the tip
of the wing.

Female. Face of moderate breadth with grayish-white dust
upon rather black ground ; the usual transverse swelling is far
below its middle. Palpi blackish, the third joint of the antennas
smaller than that of males, and its oblique form' less striking.
The brownish-yellow dust on the upper side of the thorax some-
what more dense than in males. The color of the four anterior
feet like that of the males ; the hind tibiae yellow with a somewhat
dusky tip ; hind tarsi dark In-own, the first joint is sometimes more
yellowish-brown near the basis. Wings like those of the male,
only the anal angle somewhat more protruding.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

'Observation. — I have no ground for doubting that these two
sexes belong together, as all those characters which distinguish
the male from the female are within the range of the sexual dis-
tinctions peculiar to this genus, and the agreement of all the other
characters is very striking.

12

178 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

5. C. affinis LOEW. £ and 9 • — Viridis, nitens, tegularum ciliis nigris,
femoribus nigris viridi-uaicantibus, summo anteriorum apice ex flavo
piceo.

£ . Oculis contiguis, tertio antennarum articulo subobliquo, tibiis anticis

ex flavo piceis.
9 . Tibiis anterioribus ex flavo piceis.

Shining green, cilia of the tegulae black ; femora black with green lustre ;

the extreme tip of the four anterior femora yellow-brownish.
£> . Eyes contiguous ; the third joint of the antennae but little oblique ; the

fore tibiae yellow-brownish.
J. The four anterior tibiae yellow-brownish. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10.

Long. al. 0.10.

SYN. Chrysotus affinis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 64, 4.

Male. It is so much like the male of C. obliquus, that a state-
ment of the differences will be sufficient for its recognition. The
third joint of the antenna? is visibly smaller and less oblique ; the
hind femora have upon the second part of their under side a
greater number of bristle-like black hairs ; finally the hair upon
the hind tibia? is much longer ; the feet are considerably darker ;
fore tibiae more yellowish-brown than yellow and towards their
tips distinctly dusky ; middle tibia? often almost brown-black, but
always with a yellowish-brown basis ; middle tarsi entirely black-
brown ; fore tarsi only near the basis of a pale brown color. I
have not discovered any other differences.

Female. I have only a single female, which I think belongs
here. It resembles the female of the preceding species very much,
only .the fore tibia? are more of a brownish-yellow color and dusky
towards the tip ; the middle tibia? are still darker than the fore
tibia? and the hind tibia? are like those of the male, black. The
third joint of^the antenna? is somewhat smaller than in the females
of C. obliquus.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

6. C. Tividus, nov. sp. •£ . — Viridis, nitens, ciliis tegularum nigris,
femoribus nigris viridi-micantibus, genibus tibiisque flavis, maris oculis
distantibus et costa alarum non incrassata.

Green, shining, cilia of the tegulae black, femora black with green lustre,
knees and tibiae yellow ; in the male, the eyes separated and the costa
not thickened. Long. corp. 0.09. Long. al. 0.09.

Metallic-green, bright, but on the upper side of the thorax with
a rather thick brownish-yellow dust and therefore more dull. The

CHRYSOTUS. 179

eyes are separated by the face, which is comparatively broad for a
male ; the face has a rather distinctly impressed middle line, is of
a metallic-green color, but opaque on account of the cover of
whitish dust. Palpi black, their whitish powder only becomes
visible when seen in a very oblique direction. Antennae black, of
middle size, their third joint is somewhat longer than in most of
the other species, hairy, and of a somewhat irregular form, because
that part, where the arista is inserted, is somewhat produced in
the shape of a lobe. Front metallic-green, dull on account of
brownish-yellow dust. Coxae and femora black, the latter with a
green metallic lustre ; the second joint of the fore coxae, the tips
of all the femora, all the tibiae and all the tarsi as far as the tip
of the first joint, yellow, the end of the feet brownish-black. Hairs
and bristles upon the feet very short, the bristles also very few in
number. Pulvilli of the fore tarsi rather small. Cilia of the
tegula? black. Wings somewhat grayish, with a rather protruding
anal angle ; the costa shows no thickening ; the last segment of
the fourth longitudinal vein is scarcely a little inflected, parallel
with the third and ends immediately before the extreme tip of the
wing.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — It is not necessary, when identifying this species,
to pay too much attention to the shape of the third joint of the
antennae, as it sometimes changes its form, especially when recently
developed specimens dry up. The separated eyes, the black cilia
of the tegulae, the color of the feet, and the costa without a thick-
ening, are characters which prevent its being confounded with any
other species known to me.

*

2. Cilia of the tegulse pale,
a. Costa of the male thickened.

?. C. costalis LOEW. £ and $ . — Viridis, polline confertissimo ex
fusco cinereo opacus, femoribus nigris, genibus tibiisque flavis, maris
oculis distantibus etjnedia costse parte valde incrassata.

Green, opaque on account of a very thick brownish-gray dust ; femora black ;
knees and tibiae yellow ; the eyes not contiguous in the male and the
middle of the costa thickened. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10. Long. al. 0.09.

STN. Chrysotus costalis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 64, 5.

Male. Ground-color metallic-green, or blue-green, but so
thickly covered with brown-gray dust as to conceal this color.

180 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Face broad for a male, though a little narrower downward ; the
dust is of about the same color as the rest of the body, usually,
however, somewhat paler. Palpi black, of middle size. The
third joint of the antenna small, kidney-shaped, with an entirely
apical arista. Front quite opaque on account of its thick dust.
The metallic-green ground-color of the upper side of the thorax
becomes more visible only when seen from behind. Scutellum and
abdomen less thickly covered with dust than the thorax, so that
their metallic ground-color becomes more apparent in most direc-
tions. The hair upon the abdomen appears, in a reflected light,
of a pale-brownish color. Coxa? and femora black, without a dis-
tinct green lustre, the second joint of the fore coxae, the extreme
tip of all femora, all the tibia? and all the tarsi as far as the tip of
the first joint, yellow ; the end of the tarsi dark brown. The hair
and bristles upon the feet very short everywhere, the bristles also
very scarce ; the pulvilli of the fore tarsi rather small. Cilia of
the tegulas pale. Wings somewhat grayish, with a rather protrud-
ing anal angle and of more uniform breadth than in most of the
other species ; the fore margin of the wings shows a strong black
thickening, which commences abruptly at the end of the first lon-
gitudinal vein, becomes then gradually thinner and disappears
already before the end of the second longitudinal vein ; the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is not inflected at all,
parallel with the third and ends rather exactly in the extreme tip
of the wing ; the posterior transverse vein is almost at an equal
distance from the extreme root and from the tip of the wing.

Hob. Florida.

Female. It resembles the male very much, only the dust upon
the whole body is more thick and the green ground-color of the
abdomen less bright. The face is not very broad for a female ;
its covering of thick dust has the same color as that on the rest
of the body ; although the usual transverse swelling lies somewhat
below the middle of the face, it is considerably higher than in the
females of all the other species known to me, so that the face is
divided by it into two almost equal parts. The wings have the
same shape of equal breadth as in the male, show however no trace
of a thickening on the fore margin.

Hob. Maryland. (Osten-Sacken.)

CHRYSOTUS. . 181

8. C. Sllbcostatiis, nov. sp. £ . — Viridis, polline raro ex fusco cine-
reo aspersus, femoribus nigris, viridi-micantibus, geuibus tibiisque
flavis, ruaris oculis distantibus et media parte costje modice incrassata.

Green, sparsely covered with, brownish-gray dust ; femora black, with
green lustre ; knees and tibiae yellow ; the eyes in the male separated,
and the costa moderately thickened. Long. corp. 0.09. Long. al. 0.09.

Metallic-green or blue-green, upon the thorax with not very
thick brownish-gray dust and therefore less shining. Face for a
male rather broad, towards' the bottom somewhat narrower, with
very thick brownish-gray dust. Palpi near the root and margin
blackish, upon the middle more brownish ; it was not possible to
distinguish their color with certainty in the described specimens.
Third joint of the antennae very small ; arista apical ; front quite
opaque on account of a covering of brownish-gray dust. The
scutellum and especially the . abdomen have very little dust and
are shining. The hair upon the abdomen is black. Coxce and
femora black, the latter with a very bright green metallic lustre ;
the second joint of the fore coxse, the tip of all femora, the tibite
and all the tarsi as far as the end of the first joint, yellow ; the
tip of the tarsi dark brown. The hairs and bristles upon the feet
everywhere very short, the bristles at the same time very scarce.
Pulvilli of the fore tarsi rather small. Cilia of the tegular whitish.
Wings grayish with a rather protruding anal angle ; the anterior
margin of the wings shows a not very strong, but distinctly visible
thickening, which begins abruptly at the end of the first longitu-
dinal vein and thence gradually decreases towards the tip of the
wing ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is scarcely
a little inflected, parallel with the third, and ends a little before
the extreme tip of the wing ; posterior transverse vein rather
equidistant from the root and the tip of the wing.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — G. subcostatus is easily distinguished from the
male of G. costalis by the smaller antennae, the less thickened
costa, the thinner cover of dust, and the green metallic lustre of
the femora; from all other species it is 'distinguished by the
thickening of the costa.

182 DIPTERA Or NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

I. Costa of the male not thickened.

9. C. discolor LOEW. £ and <j>. — Viridis, nitens, femoribus concolori-
bus, genibus, tibiis venisque alarum flavis, maris oculis distantibus et
abdomine violaceo.

Shining green, also the femora ; knees, tibiae and veins of the wings yel-
low ; eyes of the male separated and its abdomen violet. Long. corp.
0.09—0.10. Long. al. 0.10—0.11.

SYX. Chrysotus discolor LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 65, 6. •

Male. Shining green. The face rather broad for a male, a
little narrower towards the bottom, with yellow-grayish or rather
white-grayish dust upon green ground. Palpi 1'ather small, black.
The third joint of the antennae not very large with an apical arista.
Front with rather thick brownish-yellow dust upon green ground.
The upper side of the thorax and the scutellum bright golden-
green, the posterior end of the former and the latter sometimes
more blue-green. ,The brownish-yellow dust on the upper side of
the thorax is distinct, but not sufficient to conceal the ground-
color. The upper side of the abdomen is bright violet, the basis
of the first segment and the lateral margin steel-blue or blue-green.
Coxa? black-green. Femora dark metallic-green. The tip of all
the femora and the tibia? yellow ; the four anterior tarsi become
dusky from the basis so gradually that it is difficult to state where
the iufuscation begins ; on the hind tarsi the yellow coloring ex-
tends much farther, so that only the last joints exhibit a distinct
dusky tinge. The pulvilli are rather large, especially on the fore
tarsi. The hairs and bristles upon the feet are everywhere very
short, on the tibia? and tarsi yellowish, with the exception of the
stronger bristles at the tip of the middle tibia?. The cilia of the
tegula? are pale. Wings hyaline, scarcely a little tinged with
gray, with luteous veins, which become a little more dark towards
the tip of the wing ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein is parallel to the third and ends exactly at the tip of the
wing ; the posterior transverse vein lies rather exactly in the mid-
dle between the extreme root and the -tip of the wing ; the anal
angle of the wings is rather protruding.

Female. It differs from the male by the following marks : The
face broader, but not too much for a female ; the usual transverse
swelling is far below its middle. The third joint of the antenna?
somewhat smaller than that of the male. The abdomen golden-

CHRYSOTUS. 183

green, without any trace of a violet coloring. The pulvilli of all
the tarsi are very small.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

10. C. auratus LOEW. 9 • — Viridis,thorace et scutello auratis, polline
lutescente subopacis, femorum nigrorum apice tibiisque omnibus flavis,
facie latiuscula albido-pollinosa, palpis nigris.

Green, thorax and scutellum* gilded, somewhat dull on account of a luteous
dust ; the tip of the black femora and all the tibise yellow ; the rather
broad face covered with white dust ; palpi black. Long. corp. 0.11.
Long. al. 0.11.

SYN. Chrysotus auratus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 65, 7.

Metallic-green. Face even for a female rather broad, with
gray-white dust ; the usual transverse swelling lies very far below
its middle. Palpi black. The third joint of the antennse rather
large for a female, with comparatively long hair. Front golden-
green, rather dull on account of a yellowish dust, only a little
broader upwards. The upper side of the thorax greenish-golden,
but thickly covered with yellow dust and therefore opaque. Color
and dust of the scutellum the same as those of the thorax. Abdo-
men of a purer metallic-green and with less dust, near the basis
usually more golden-green. Coxas black, the extreme tip of the
first joint and the second joint of the fore coxa? yellow, the second
joint of the hind coxse yellowish-brown. Femora black with in-
distinct green or bronze-colored metallic lustre ; the tip of the
four anterior femora is to a larger, and that of the hind femora to
a smaller extent, yellow. The tibise and the tarsi have the same
color, but the latter, towards their end, gradually become dusky.
The hair upon the feet is everywhere very short, and the bristles
very scarce. Cilia of the tegulae pale. Wings somewhat grayish
with brown veins ; the posterior transverse vein lies about midway
between the extreme root and the tip of the wing.

Hab. ]XTew York. (Osten-Sacken.)

B. Femora of a pale color.

11. C. pallipes LOEW. $ and 9. — Viridis, nitens, coxis anticis pe-
dibusque flavis.

Shining green, the fore coxae and the feet yellow. Long. corp. <0.09 — 0.10.

Long. al. 0.10—0.11.
BYN. Chrysotus pallipes LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 66j 8.

184: DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Both sexes resemble each other very much. Metallic-green,
shining. The eyes of the male meet almost completely, so that
the face appears small, linear ; in the female it is broader and has
the usual transverse swelling far below its middle. The dust upon
it is white in both sexes. The palpi are rather small and covered
with whitish dust so as to conceal the ground-color, which appears
to be more yellowish than blackish. The third joint of the an-
tennas is not large, even in the males, and but little oblique. Front
green, rather dull from whitish dust. The upper side of the thorax
has a distinct whitish dust, which however does not conceal the
ground-color. The black hair upon the abdomen is somewhat
longer than in most of the other species. The whole fore coxas,
the tip of the middle and hind coxae and the whole feet are yel-
low, even the tarsi are only slightly dusky towards the tip. Cilia
of the tegulse pale. Wings a little grayish, with brownish or
brown veins ; the posterior transverse vein lies considerably nearer
to the root than to the tip of the wing.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

. C. picticorniSj nov. sp. ^ . — Minutus, viridi-aeneus, modice
nitens, oculis infra antennas contiguis, priino antennarum articulo rufo,
coxis anticis pedibusque flavis.

Small, bronze-green, moderately bright ; the eyes contiguous below the an-
tennae ; first joint of the antennae red ; fore coxae and the feet yellow.
Long. corp. 0.08. Long. al. 0.08.

Very small, bronze-green, moderately shining. The eyes con-
tiguous -below the antennae. The antennae small, the first joint
red, the following two black, the third rather small and a little
oblique ; arista apical. Fore coxa? and feet somewhat brownish-
yellow. The tip of the hind femora on the upper side and all the
tarsi from the tip of the first joint, brown. The hind tibiae are
fringed on the upper side only with a few delicate, not very con-
spicuous bristles, and show a dusky tinge at the tip. The color
of the cilia of the tegulas I cannot positively state. Wings of the
usual structure, grayish-hyaline with brownish-black veins ; the
posterior transverse vein is rather short and lies before the middle
of the surface of the wings.

Hob. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — This description is made only after a single -spe-

TEUCHOPHORUS. — SYMPYCNUS. 185

cimen, and will probably require some correction ; the color of the
first joint of the antenna? is so characteristic for this species, that
there is no probability of its being mistaken for another.

Gen. XXXI. TEUCHOPHORU§.

• The genus Teuchophorus remains hitherto confined to but a
few European species. They rather resemble the small species of
Chrysotus, but are easily distinguished from them by the follow-
ing characters : Antennas smaller; arista distinctly dorsal. The
abdomen of the male somewhat compressed laterally. The pos-
terior transverse vein, which is far distant from the margin of the
wing, has an extremely steep position, so that its posterior end is
farther from the root of the wing than its anterior end. The
feet of the male are fringed with isolated, strong, stiff bristles, and
its hind tibiae are curved and adorned in various manners. Besides,
in all the hitherto known species, the costa of the male is thickened
in the same manner as that of the previously described C. costalis.
The other characters of the genus coincide with those of Chry-
sotus.

The name of the genus (from *tvx°s, armor, and <j>lp«, I bear)
has probably reference to. the peculiar organs with which the
male is provided.

Gen. XXXII. §YMI»YCtf*JS.

Character. Small, but little shining species, of a rather slender
shape. The face is not narrower upwards. Antenna? rather
small, in the female shorter than in the male ; the first joint with-
out hairs ; the arista is inserted upon the edge of the third joint
in the vicinity of its basis. The metathorax is not unusually pro-
truding nor elongated. The abdomen of the male is more or less
compressed laterally. The hypopygium is small, more or less im-
bedded ; its outer appendages small, sometimes not distinctly visi-
ble. The fourth longitudinal vein, towards its end, is perceptibly,
although only slightly, approximated to the third and very little
convergent towards it ; it ends somewhat before or into the tip of
the wing ; the posterior transverse vein before or upon the middle
of the wing, distant from its margin ; the sixth longitudinal vein
becomes indistinct long before it reaches the margin of the wing.

186 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IT.

The feet are sparely fringed with bristles ; the hind tarsi shorter
than the hind tibise and their first joint without bristles.

The genus Sympycnus stands in the closest proximity to Anep-
sius, is, however, very easily distinguished from it by the glabrous-
ness of the first joint of the antennae. Among the genera which
have no hair upon the first joint of the antenna, Xanthochlorus,
Teuchophorus and Campsicnemus are the next to it ; they differ
from Sympycnus by the following characters : 1. Xanthochlorus
by the depression on the posterior end of the thorax and the pre-
vailing yellow color of the body and of the bristles upon the
thorax ; 2. Teuchophorus by the steeper position of the posterior
transverse vein, the thickening of the costa in the male, the isolated
and strikingly strong bristles upon the feet and the entirely hidden
hypopygiuin ; 3. Campsicnemus by the elongated metathorax, by
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, which is parallel
to the third and ends always beyond the middle of the wings and
by the face of the male, which is very narrowed upwards, &c.

The name of the genus (from ovp.*vxvos, crowded together) has
reference to the crowding together of the ends of the fourth and
the third longitudinal veins, whereby Sympycnus is distinguished
from Campsicnemus and many other related genera.

I am only acquainted with species. from Europe, Africa and
North America; the majority of the North American species
differ from the European and from the South African species by
the fourth longitudinal vein ending exactly into the tip of the
wing, while in the other species, this end is distinctly before the
tip. As they agree in all other details of organization, there is
no ground for a generic separation, but it would be advisable to
form of them a group within the genus Sympycnus. The charac-
ter of the genus Sympycnus, as hitherto established, requires, with
regard to these species, a slight modification, which I have already
introduced.

Table for the determination of the Species.

! Fourth longitudinal vein ending before the tip of the wing.
1 tertianus, nov. sp.
Fourth longitudinal vein ending into the tip itself.
Antenna entirely black. v 2 frontalis Lw.

Antennae pale near the basis.

( Thorax with dark longitudinal lines. 3 lineatus Lw.

\ Thorax without dark longitudinal lines. 4 nodatus Lw.

(
\

SYMPYCNUS. 1ST

Systematical arrangement of the Species,
I. The fourth, longitudinal vein ending before the tip of the wing.

1. tertianus.

II. The fourth longitudinal vein ending into the tip itself.

2. frontalis Lw. 4. nodatus Lw.

3. lineatus Lw.

Description of the Species.

I. THE FOURTH LONGITUDINAL VEIN ENDING BEFORE THE TIP OF

THE WING.

1. S. tertianus, nov. sp. £ and 9 • — Ex cinereo virescens, sub-
opacus, thorace non lineato, duobus primis antennarum articulis, pal-
pis, ventre, coxis pedibusque dilutissime flavicantibus, tarsis inde ab
articuli primi apice nigricantibus.

£ . Articulo tarsoruna posticoruni tertio abbreviate et prope apicem pilis
paulo longioribus hirto.

9 . Pedibus sirnplicibus.

Gray-greenish, rather dull ; thorax without aark lines ; the first two joints
of the antennae, palpi, venter, coxae and feet pale-yellowish ; the tarsi
from the tip of the first joint blackish.

£ . The third joint of the hind tarsi shortened and rough on account of
some longer hairs near the tip. Long. corp. 0.10. Long. al. 0.10.

Dark grayish-green, rather dull. The front seems to be of the
same color. Face grayish. Palpi and the first two joints of the
antennae white-yellowish ; the third joint blackish, in both sexes
rather rounded. Arista in both sexes plain. Tenter whitish-yel-
low as far as its tip. The hypopygium, as in the other species of
this genus, rounded and semi-imbedded ; its lancet-shaped exterior
lamellae small, but distinctly perceptible and of rather dark color.
The posterior margin of the pleurae and the coxse white-yellowish ;
the four posterior coxae near the basis more or less infuscated.
Feet white-yellowish, with black, somewhat scattered hairs, on the
middle and the hind tibia? with a few black bristles. The tarsi
from the tip of the first joint very much infuscated, the hind tarsi
from the same spot almost entirely black. The joints of the fore
tarsi of decreasing length in the female, while in the male the
third and fourth joints are of about the same length. The joints
of the middle tarsi are of decreasing length in both sexes. The
first joint of the hind tarsi is, in both sexes, a little shorter than

188 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the second ; the following joints are, in the female, of decreasing
length ; in the male the third joint is somewhat shorter than the
fourth, and at its end, on the posterior side, beset with longer
black hairs. Wings towards the basis very much narrowed ; the
posterior transverse vein is before the middle of the disk of the
wing, but rather exactly in the middle between the extreme root
and the tip of the wing ; the fourth longitudinal vein ends some-
what before the extreme tip- of the wing ; in the female, however,
at a very small distance from it.
Nab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

II. THE FOURTH LONGITUDINAL VEIN ENDING INTO THE TIP OF

THE WING.

2. S. frontalis LOEW. £ and 9 . — Nigricans, fronte Isete violaceo
splendente, antennis totis nigris.

Blackish. ; the front bright violet ; the antennae entirely black. Long.
corp. 0.11. Long. al. 0.12— 0.13.

. Sympycnusfrontalis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 67, 1.

Face in the female of moderate breadth, in the male below very
narrow, towards the antennae broader, with white dust, so that
the blue ground-color becomes very little visible. Antennae
black, larger than in the next following species ; the first joint
rather long ; the third joint only with "a very short pubescence,
larger and ovate in the male, smaller and rather rounded in the
female. Front bright steel-blue or violet. Cilia of the inferior
orbit whitish. Upper side of the thorax dull on account of a thick
gray-brownish dust, nevertheless the green or blue ground-color
is distinctly visible through the dust. The scutellum is of the
same color as the upper side of the thorax, and has no hairs
besides 'the usual bristles. Abdomen black or greenish-black,
the second segment usually with a complete or almost complete
yellowish transparent transverse band, the third segment with
one, which is interrupted in the middle ; moreover the first and
fourth segments are usually yellowish-transparent on the lateral
margin. The venter is always white-yellowish. The hypopygiurn,
of the same color as the abdomen, is somewhat larger than in the
other species of this genus known to me, and but very little im-
bedded ; its outer appendages are so small and hidden that I can-
not distinctly perceive their shape. The posterior margin of the

SYMPYCNUS. 189

pleune, ail the coxae and the feet yellowish. Fore coxae only with
pale hairs. The femora have, besides the usual small bristles im-
mediately before the tip, no other bristles. The fore 4ibia3 are
without bristles,- the middle and hind tibia? with but few bristles.
The fore tarsi are more or less ,infiiscated towards their tip ; in
the female the joints are of decreasing length, the first nearly as
long as the three following together ; in the male, on the contrary,
the first joint is extremely shortened and not quite as long as the
last one, the second almost as long as the two following together,
the third considerably shorter than the fourth joint, which latter
is fringed on its upper side with little curved hairs. The joints
of the middle tarsi, which towards their end become more and
more dusKy, are of decreasing length in the female ; in the male
their first joint is considerably longer than the following four
joints together, the second as long as the following three together,
the third and fourth of almost equal length, but very short, on the
anterior side bearded with delicate little fringe-like hairs ; the
fifth joint is somewhat more slender than the two preceding joints
and almost as long as these taken together. The hind tarsi, from
the tip of the first joint, are more or less infuscated, the first joint
much shorter than the second, and the following joints of decreas-
ing length in both sexes. The tegula? with pale-yellowish cilia.
"Wings rather long and narrow, but moderately pointed towards
the root, in the female less tinged with gray than in the male ; the
fourth longitudinal vein is parallel with the third and ends rather
exactly into the tip of the wing ; the posterior transverse vein is
perpendicular and lies before the middle of the wing.
Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osteu-Sacken.)

3. S. lineatlis LOEW. £ and 9 • — Cinereus, fronte nigra, antennaruni
basi, scutelli margine, ventre pedibusque flavis.

Gray, front black ; the root of the antennae, the margin of the scutelluin,
the venter and the feet yellow. Long. corp. 0.10 — 0.11. Long. al.
0.11—0.12.

STN. Sympycnus lineatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 67, 2.

Brownish-cinereous, opaque. Face covered with whitish dust
upon black ground ; in the female it is rather narrow, in the male
so much narrowed that the eyes are contiguous on the lower part
of the face. Palpi rather blackish. Antennas rather short, the

190 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

third joint smaller than in the next preceding species, in the male
elongated-ovate, in the female considerably shorter, in both sexes
with a basal arista ; the first joint is always of a yellowish color,
the two following paler or darker brown, sometimes rather black-
ish. Front black. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale. Upper side
of the thorax brownish-cinereous, entirely opaque ; the humeral
corner usually brownish-yellow ; on its upper side there are several
dark longitudinal lines, the more distinct of which are usually a
delicate middle line and two stronger lines alongside of it ; the
latter bear the middle rows of bristles. These lines disappear,
however, when looked upon from another direction, and are not
equally distinct and sharply defined in all specimens. Scutellum
on the middle of the upper side gray with a metallic-blue lustre,
on the margin yellow. Pleurae gray, their inferior portion more
yellow. The metathorax blackish-gray. Abdomen in well
colored specimens brownish-gray, in less matured ones more yel-
lowish-brown ; the whole venter always pale-yellowish. The small
hypopygiuin is mostly shining black and rather imbedded; the
outer appendages are larger than usual in the species of this genus
and have almost the form of small filiform lamellae ; their color is
a dingy yellowish-brown. Coxae and feet yellowish. Femora
only with the usual bristles immediately before the tip. Fore
tibiae without bristles. Middle and hind tibia? with a moderate
number of short black bristles. The first joint of the fore tarsi
about as long as the three following, which are of decreasing
length, most of the fourth and the whole fifth joint black -brown.
Middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint more or less dusky ;
their first joint about as long as the four following together, which
are of decreasing length. The first joint of the hind tarsi much
shorter than the second, the following of decreasing length.
Tegulae with brown margin and with pale-yellowish cilia. Wings
tinged with gray, in the male with a cuneiform tapering towards
the basis ; this is not the case in the females ; the fourth longitu-
dinal vein is parallel with the third and ends rather exactly into
the tip of the wing ; the posterior transverse vein is perpendicular
and lies rather upon the middle of the wing in the female, consi-
derably beyond it in the male.

Hab. Virginia ; New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

SYMPYCNUS. 191

4. S. nodatllS LOEW. £ and 9 . — Cinereus, margine prirni antenna-
ruin articuli infero, fascia abdominis basali, niaculisque lateralibus, ven-
tre et pedibus flavieautibus, femorum posticorum apice nigro, seta an-
tennali maris capituluni minutuni apicale gerente.

Gray, the lower margin of the first joint of the antennae, a band near the
basis of the abdomen, lateral spots upon it, venter and feet, yellowish ;
the tip of the hind femora blackened ; the arista of the male at the tip
with a small button. Long. corp. 0.10 — 0.11. Long. al. 0.11 — 0.12.

SYN. Sympycnus nodatus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch. VI, 215, 68.

Face of the male very narrow, upwards a little broader, with
white dust ; the face of the female much broader, not perceptibly
narrowed below, and much less thickly dusted, so that the black
ground-color is distinctly apparent. Antennas of a stouter struc-
ture, and even a little larger than in S. frontalis ; the first joint
rather long, upon the under side always of a yellowish color, some-
times yellow, with the only exception of its upper edge, in which
case the yellow coloring extends also on the lower edge of the
second joint ; the third joint in the male is broad ovate, in the
female rounded. Arista basal, in the female somewhat shorter
and plain, in the male longer and enlarged at the tip into a small
button. The front is gray, but appears in some directions almost
black. Upper side of the thorax brownish-gray, opaque, without
distinct longitudinal lines, with black bristles. Scutelluni usually
darker than the upper side of the thorax and without hairs, except
the usual bristles. Pleura? whitish slate-gray, their posterior
margin yellowish. Abdomen of a bronze-black, moderately
bright coloring, sometimes with a green or blue metallic lustre ;
upon the second segment there is a very broad, usually inter-
rupted, transverse baud ; upon the third segment there is also a
transverse band, usually interrupted in the middle, and consisting
of two yellow lateral spots ; the fourth segment has usually a yel-
low spot on each side. The hypopygiurn, being of the same color
as the abdomen, is of a similar structure as in S. frontalis ; its
small, not easily perceptible, appendages are black. Coxa? and
feet yellowish. The fore coxa? are covered only with whitish hair,
nevertheless the stronger hairs on the tip assume sometimes a
blackish appearance. The femora without any other bristles but
those small ones, usually found before the tip ; the hind femora are
of a brownish-black color to a rather large extent, though their
extreme tip is again paler. The fore tibias have only a single

192 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

small bristle, which is on their upper side, not far from the root ;
the middle tibice have only a few bristles ; the hind tibi® have a
larger number of bristles, but they are mostly very short ; in the
male there is one bristle on the under side, not far from the basis,
which is remarkable for its length. The fore tarsi have 1^ the
length of the tibiae ; in the male the first joint is very much
shortened and not as long as the last one, the second is as long as
the three following together, and usually a little blackened on the
extreme tip, the three last ones ave black and very little decreasing
in length ; the last one with somewhat shorter hairs than the two
preceding ; in the female the fore tarsi are gradually of a darker
black-brownish color towards the tip, and their joints are of a de-
creasing length, the first somewhat longer than the two following,
but not quite so long as the three following together. The mid-
dle tarsi of the male but little exceed the tibiae in length ; their
first joint is of a plain structure, but almost 1^ the length of the
other joints and blackened at its tip ; the last four joints are black ;
the second is as long as the last three together, gradually enlarged
towards its end, and at the end on the outside, in consequence of
the greater length of the appressed black pubescence, elongated
into a kind of projection ; the third and fourth joints have on the
posterior side a few erect crooked hairs. The middle tarsi of the
female are plain, scarcely shorter than those of the male, towards
the tip gradually of a darker black-brown color ; their joints are of
a decreasing length ; the first is longer than the following two, but
shorter than the following three together. The hind tarsi are of
the same structure in both sexes, shorter than the tibias ; their last
four joints black ; the first joint is -scarcely longer than the third,
the second at least as long as the third and fourth together. Hal-
teres yellowish. Tegulas with a narrow black margin ; their cilia
appear yellowish in a reflected light, seen towards the light, however,
blackish, in the female even often black. Wings grayish hyaline,
in the male somewhat wavy on the posterior margin and towards
the basis much more pointed than in the female ; the fourth longi-
tudinal vein is parallel to the third and ends precisely at the tip
of the wing ; the posterior transverse vein is perpendicular and
lies upon the middle of the wing.
Hab. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

CAMP3ICNEMUS. 193

Gen. XXXIII. CA]»PSIC]VEMU§.

Character. The first joint of the antennae without hairs on the
upper side ; the third more or less pointed, distinctly hairy ; the
arista inserted on its back, near the basis. Face upwards very
narrow, especially in the male. The inetathorax is elongated ;
the abdomen flattened. The small hypopygium imbedded ; its
appendages extremely small. Feet slender ; the first joint of the
hind tarsi without bristles. The males are usually remarkable by
the peculiar structure of their tibise and often also of the tarsi.
The last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, about its first
quarter, runs over a distinct convexity of the wing, is parallel to
the third longitudinal vein and ends beyond the tip of the wing.

The genus Campsicnemus possesses so many remarkable cha-
racters that the species belonging to it cannot either be mistaken
or confounded with species of another genus. The name of the
genus (from jea/w^tj, the cur-ve, and xvr^tj, the tibia) was given be-
cause the males of .many species are distinguished by the peculiar
curvature of their middle tibise.

The species hitherto known belong to Europe and North Ame-
rica.

Description of the Species.

1. C. hirtipes LOEW. £ and 9 • — Obscure olivaceus, facie ochracea,
alis infuscatis, coxis anticis pedibusque ex testaceo rufis, tarsis prseter
basim ex fusco nigris.

£ . Primo tibiarum intermediarum dimidio incrassato, tarsisque anticis
setas longiores gerentibus.

9- Pedibus simplicibus.

Dark olive-brown, face ochre-colored ; wings blackish-gray ; fore coxae and
feet brownish-red ; tarsi black-brown with the exception of the root.

£ . The thickened basal half of the middle tibise and the fore tarsi beset
with long bristles.

9- Feet plain. Long. corp. 0.08. Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Campsicnemus hirtipes LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 68, 1.

Metallic olive-brown. Face very narrow, yellowish-brown,

with a bright golden-green spot immediately under the antennae,

which is not always easily discernible. Antennas entirely black ;

their third joint in the male long and pointed, in the female short

13 '

194 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

and small. Front black with a violet, often very bright lustre,
immediately above the antennae with a pale copper-reddish spot.
The cilia on the inferior orbit pale. The upper side of the thorax
often shows violet reflections. The scutellum shining violet,
rarely shining black with an indistinct violet lustre. The color
of the abdomen is usually more greenish-black. Fore COXES brown-
ish-yellow, near the basis blackened ; middle and hind coxae black
with brownish-yellow tip. Feet yellowish-red or brownish-red.
The extreme tip of the knees blackish-brown and the tarsi from
the tip of the first joint black. Sometimes the upper side of the
femora is distinctly infuscated. Cilia of the tegulas black. Wings
tinged with blackish-gray and with black veins ; the convexity of
the wings lies before the first quarter of the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein.

Male. Its fore femora are thickened as far as their middle, and
on the under side, precisely at the end of this thickening, they are
densely bearded with stiff little bristles ; the fore tibias are visibly
stouter than in the female, beset on the under side with numerous
and erect, on the upper side with less numerous and less erect
bristles ; fore tarsi with unusually long hairs, especially on their
first two joints. The structure of the middle femora is similar to
that of the fore femora, though their thickening is less strong and
reaches as far as the tip ; the thick beard on the under side, formed
of short stiff bristles, is thus brought nearer to their end. The
middle tibice are of rather irregular structure ; from the basis to
about their middle they are distinctly thickened and fringed on the
upper side with a few long black bristles, on the under side they
are provided with a small tubercle, beset with short bristles. That
part of the middle tibias, which is not thickened, is of a plain struc-
ture, though beset on the under side with a row of rather long,
black, bristle-like hairs. The middle tarsi and the whole hind
feet are of a plain structure.

Nab. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. C. claudicans, nov. sp. £ and 9 • — Olivaceus, facie ochracea,
alis infuscatis, punctum nigrum in ultimo venae quartae segmento geren-
tibus, coxis anticis ex testaceo fuscis, pedibus ex rufo testaceis.

$ . Tibiis intermediis crassissiinis, varis, supra nigro-spinulosis, tarsis in-
termediis totis nigris, articulo prirao crasso, recurve, supra nigro-setoso,
tarsis anticis posticisque simplicibus, inde ab articnli primi apice nigris.

•J . Pedibus simplicibus, tarsis omnibus inde ab articuli primi apice nigrig.

CAMPSICNEMUS. 195

Olive-green ; the face ochre-yellow ; wings infuscated, with a black spot
upon the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein ; fore coxae red-
dish-brown ; feet brownish-red.

'J, . Middle tibiae very stout, crooked, on the upper side with small black
spines ; the middle tarsi entirely black ; their first joint thickened,
curved upwards, on the upper side with black bristles ; fore and hind
tarsi plain, from the tip of the first joint black.

<j> . All the feet plain ; all the tarsi from the tip of the first joint, black.
Long. corp. 0.09. Long. al. 0.14.

Olive-green ; thorax more bright than the abdomen, near its
fore margin with a few strikingly green reflections. Front black-
ish-blue. Antennae entirely black ; the third joint small and not
pointed. Face brownish ochre-yellow. Palpi ochre-brownish.
Proboscis black. Cilia of the posterior orbit black above, below
pale. Fore coxae brownish-red, sometimes yellowish-red, with a
white reflection near the root and a large part of the outside
brown ; the four posterior coxae grayish-black, the trochanters
brownish-black. Feet yellowish-red ; the knees, especially those
of the hind feet, more or less infuscated ; all the femora, the fore
and hind tibiae, as also the fore and hind tarsi are plain in both
sexes, the latter blackened from the tip of the first joint. The
middle tibia3 and middle tarsi are only in the female of the same
plain structure and of the same color, while they are distinguished
in the male by a very different structure ; for its middle tibiae are
uncommonly stout and somewhat curved ; the greatest thickness is
in their middle ; the last two thirds of the posterior side are excised
and provided with a brown stripe ; before this excision, almost on
the upper side of the tibia, there is a longitudinal row of black spine-
like bristles, which does not occupy, however, the basal third and
the apical one-fourth of the tibia ; the second half of the tibia
bears upon the other two sides a few long black bristles ; the
middle tarsi of the male are entirely black ; their first joint is
somewhat curved upwards at the tip, stout and near the extreme
basis a little more swollen, on the upper side excised furrow-like
and fringed with a row of black bristles ; the following joints are
plain, the second not quite so long as the third, and at the extreme
basis sometimes of a yellowish-brown color. Wings with a dis-
tinct smoky black tinge and with a small blackish spot upon the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein.

Hab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

196 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Gen. XXXIV. PLAGIOlVEtTRUS.

This genus has been established by me (in the Wien. Entom.
Monatschr. I, 43) on the species described below, and known as
yet only in the female sex, but tie extraordinary and peculiar cha-
racters of which rendered the establishment of a new genus neces-
sary. The whole habitus approaches the species of Gymnopter-
nus and Pelastoneurus most, differs, however, from both by the
. first joint of the antennae being entirely without hairs and by the
posterior transverse vein having an unusually oblique position ;
from Gymnopternus it differs moreover by the course of the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, which is almost like that
of the genus Pelastoneurus. The peculiarities of the female
seem to indicate that the hypopygium of the male is disengaged.

The establishment of the characters of this genus on so scanty
materials presents many difficulties. I believe, however, that the
following may be regarded at least as a temporary definition.
The first joint of the antennae without hairs, the second not reach-
ing thumb-like over the third, on the upper side much longer
than on the under side ; the third joint short, without distinct
hair and with a dorsal arista. The posterior transverse' vein very
oblique ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein runs
much forward in its second portion and ends in the vicinity of the
third longitudinal vein, so that the first posterior cell becomes
very narrow near its end. The first joint of the hind tarsi is
without bristles.

The name of the genus (from ftxayioj, oblique, and vtrpov, the
nerve) has reference to the extraordinary obliqueness of the pos-
terior transverse vein.

1. P. univittatlis LOEW. $> — Viridis, thoracis vitta media abdo-
minisque fasciis latis purpureis, antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus
virescentibus, genibus tibiarurnque anteriorum basi testaceis, alis
cinereis.

Green, middle stripe of the thorax and broad bands of the abdomen of a
purple color ; antennae and feet black, the knees and the basis of the
four anterior tibiae dusky yellow ; wings gray. Long. corp. 0.25. Loug.
al. 0.23—0.24.

SYN. Plagioneurus univittatus LOEW, Wien. Ent. Mon. I, 43. — LOEW, Neue
Beitr. VIII, 69.

PLAGIONEURUS. 197

Face not very broad for a female, somewhat elevated, upon its
larger upper part with an impressed middle line ; the smaller, con-
vex lower part is separated from the upper part by a transverse
swelling, incomplete in its middle ; the dense, almost silvery-white
dust, conceals a great deal of the ground-color of the face. An-
tennae black. The third joint with a short, but sharp tip ; the
arista rather strong, with a very short but distinct pubescence.
Front bright metallic blue-green. The cilia on the upper orbit
black, on the entire lateral and lower orbits white. Thorax me-,
tallic-greeu, only on the fore and lateral margin with a little
whitish dust, upon the middle with a not very sharply defined
longitudinal stripe, which in some directions appears more black,
in others more brown and purple, sometimes of a beautiful cinna-
mon-brown color. Scutellum metallic-green, with the usual two
strong bristles, otherwise bare. On the segments of the abdomen
the two first thirds have a dark, the last third a more pale color ;
the color of the former part shifts from black, through bronze-
brown into a beautiful dark violet ; on the last third the color is
chiefly metallic-green, nevertheless it changes on the anterior part
into steel-blue, and on the hind margin of the segment into golden-
green or- almost a coppery color ; on' the lateral margin the last
third of the segments is covered with white dust. Coxa3 black
with a rather dusky-green lustre ; the foremost with white dust,
clothed with delicate white little hairs, and at the tip with a few
black bristles. Feet black ; femora with green lustre ; knees
brownish-yellow ; this coloring extends on_the fore tibice as far as
the middle, on the middle tibiae as far as the first third, while on
the hind feet it is confined to the tip of the knee. The femora
have on the under side from the basis almost as far as the tip,
erect, but short, whitish hairs ; otherwise their hair is black ; mid-
dle and hind femora have on the front side before the tip a few
insignificant black bristles. The hair upon the tibiae is altogether
black, very short, only on the upper side of the hind tibiae some-
what longer, so that its great density is easily perceived ; all the
tibiae are beset with short and not very numerous black bristles.
Wings tinged with smoky gray, the veins brown-black ; the pos-
terior transverse- vein is so very much oblique as to run parallel
to the hind margin of the wing ; the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein approaches the margin of the wing rather closely,
without changing its course, then, however, it suddenly turns

198 DIPTER A OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

towards the front, so as to end rather far from the tip of the wing
in the vicinity of the third longitudinal vein.

Hab. Cuba. (Riehl.)

Observation. — This species is also found in Brazil.

Gen. XXXV. MAWCALUS.

. The genus Liancalus shows the closest relationship to the
genera Scellus and Hydrophorus. It agrees with them in the
following characters : The body in general is beset with neither
numerous nor long bristles. Wings elongated ; the posterior
transverse vein very closely approximated to the margin of the
wing ; feet elongated and slender ; the first joint of the hind tarsi
on the upper side without bristles, not shorter than the second,
but in 'the majority of the species, longer. Face in both sexes
broad, provided with a small tubercle upon the lowest third of
each side of the orbit, and with an indistinct swelling running from
one tubercle to the other. Antenna? rather short, the first joint
without hairs ; the apparently bare arista dorsal, distinctly two-
jointed. The hypopygium of the male imbedded.

The above mentioned three genera differ sufficiently from the
other genera of the Dolichopodidx by the above stated characters,
which they have in common. The genus Liancalus in particular,
however, differs from Scellus and Hydroplwrus in the following
points : 1. All the femora are slender and unarmed, while the
genera of Scellus and Hydrojihorus have the femora very much
thickened toward the basis, which at least in the males, is armed
on the under side ; 2. The segments of the abdomen are beset
with bristles before the posterior margin, which is not the case
in the species of Scellus and of Hydrophorus.

The genus Liancalus contains as yet only three European and
one North American species. They form two groups ; in the first
the scutellum has only four bristles and the exterior appendages
of the hypopygium are more lamelliform, while in the second the
scutellum has six bristles and the exterior appendages of the
hypopygium are filiform. To the first group belongs Liancalus
lacustris Scop, and leucostomus Loew, to the second L. virens
Scop, and the following North American species.

The name of the genus (from JIEI'OJ, smooth, and avxd^, arm)

LIANCALUS. 199

has reference to the unarmed fore feet, by which it is distinguished
from the next related genera of Scellus and Hydrophorus.

1. L. gemialis LOEW. £ and 9 • — Viresceus, thoracis lineis quatuor
abdominisque fasciis obscuris, pedibus ex nigro viridibus, genibus liavis,
alis maris macula apicali nigra, guttam candidam includente, ornatis.

Greenish, four lines upon the thorax, and the bands upon the abdomen
dark, feet blackish-green with yellow knees ; the tip of the wing in the
male with a black spot, which contains a snow-white drop in its centre.
Long. corp. 0.26—0.28. Long. al. 0.31.

SYN. Liancalus genualis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 70, 1.

Closely related to the European L. virens Scop, and very much
like it, though differing from it in the neuration and the picture
of the wings, as also by the greater length of the filiform append-
ages of the hypopygium. Blue-greenish, somewhat gray from pale
dust. Face green or blue with rather whitish dust, which, how-
ever does not conceal the ground-color. The large black palpi,
fringed with black and comparatively long hair, when seen from
the side, usually appear entirely gray-yellowish on account of the
dust, with which they are covered. Front green and somewhat
spotted with whitish dust. Antenna? entirely black. The cilia
of the posterior orbit black above, whitish below. The upper
side of the thorax has two narrow, linear longitudinal stripes,
separated by a reddish-gray middle line ; these stripes are rather
black in fully colored specimens ; there are besides two lateral
stripes, the posterior part of which is bifurcated near the trans-
verse suture. Thus, not much is left of the beautiful blue-green
color, except two broad longitudinal stripes, bearing the stronger
bristles. Scutellum with six bristles, as in L. virens. The ab-
domen is provided with broad, copper-colored or bronze-brown,
sometimes almost black, transverse bands, on the posterior margin
of the segments ; on the edge of these bands the ground-color of
the abdomen changes often into yellowish-green. Coxae, femora
and tibiae metallic black-green ; the knees yellow ; the tarsi black.
Fore coxae elongated, cylindrical, on the front side with long
whitish hair, at the tip only with a few small black bristles. In
the male the second joint of the fore tarsi is uncommonly short-
ened and somewhat thickened, so as to be the shortest of all joints,
and almost as broad as it is long. Cilia of the tegulce whitish.

200 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Wings with black veins, hyaline, in the female with but few irre-
gular gray spots upon the apical half, in the male moreover near
the tip with a few grayish-black longitudinal stripes, and on
the tip itself with a black spot, containing near the end of the
fourth longitudinal vein anteriorly a round drop, which, -the light
falling through it, has a snow-white reflection ; on the anterior
margin of this drop, in the black, there is always a small paler
spot. The outline of the wings in the male differs considerably
from that of the female, being not only narrower, but also sinuated
on their whole posterior margin in a peculiar manner. The ex-
terior appendages of the short black hypopygium are two very
long threads, which reach back almost as far as the basis of the
abdomen, and which are beset on their whole length with very
long pale hairs.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Gen. XXXVI. SCELLUS.

Character. First joint of the antennae comparatively narrow,
bare ; the second short ; the third rounded, elongated only in a
hitherto undescribed European species, not excised on the edge.
Arista dorsal, apparently bare, distinctly two-jointed. The front
on the vertex but little deepened, a little narrower anteriorly.
The eyes much higher than broad, encased below by the linear
cheeks. Face of middling breadth, very long, reaching somewhat
below the lower corner of the eye ; its lowest sharply-edged part
is separated from the narrowly-margined eyes by an incision,
which turns away from the eyes on its upper end. Palpi recum-
bent, of middling and about equal size in both sexes. Proboscis
stout. Upper side of the thorax upon its middle with but
short bristles. Scutellum flat, with two bristles. Abdomen with-
out .bristles and only with scattered and very short hairs. The
abdomen of the male has five segments ; the first four are normally
developed, while the fifth is usually shortened, often also of a
different color ; the following segment is formed by the short,
half-imbedded hypopygium. At its lower end there are two
small, dark lamellae, directed obliquely downwards, which lie so
close together as to present the shap6 of a stout, dentiform pro-
jection ; besides these, the comparatively thick penis, bent down-
ward and curved, may be seen, but no other appendages. Between

SCELLTJS. 201

the fourth and fifth abdominal segments of the male, however, two
long, mostly pale-colored tape- or thread-like appendages protrude,
which are turned either backward or outward ; their place of in-
sertion seems to forbid us to take them for representatives of the
ordinary external appendages of the hypopygium ; thus, we are led
to regard as such the previously mentioned inferior appendages ;
if we do this, thea the representatives of the interior appendages
will be wanting, unless these same tape- or thread-like appendages
are taken for them. If the point of insertion of the tape-like
appendages was really at the place where they first appear on the
outside, then the question would be solved, as in such a case they
could not be considered as appendages of the hypopygium ; that
however, this is not the case, and that they rather originate much
further inside, and proceed from there upwards between the fourth
and fifth abdominal segments, before they reappear on the surface,
can be distinctly seen in many specimens ; to ascertain their true
place of insertion requires the anatomical examination of fresh
specimens, for which I have no opportunity at present. The form
and position of the hypopygium and of its appendages in the males
of Scellus has so many peculiar features, that it is difficult to
arrive at a conclusion about the true meaning of its diifereut parts.
The female abdomen consists of five normally developed segments,
followed by one segment more, which is shortened, retracted, and of
a different color ; the extreme, somewhat opaque tip of the female
abdomen is beset with black bristles. The feet are generally
bare, middle and hind feet much longer than the fore feet, and,
except the thickening of their femora, which belongs to the males
of some species, they are more slender than the fore feet ; fore
femora thickened towards the basis, on the under side with nume-
rous bristles ; fore tibias on the under side with bristles, elongated
at the end into a large tooth, which is still larger in' the males
than in the females ; the males have, moreover, a strong spine on
the inside, not very far from the basis ; the middle tibia3 of the
male are variously decorated with long curly hairs and stiff bris-
tles, while those of the female are plain ; the hind tibiae and the
feet in both sexes plain, the joints of the latter of decreasing
length ; the empodium distinct. Wings long and narrow ; the
posterior transverse vein oblique and close to the margin of the
wing ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins converging, the

202 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

sixth almost entirely obliterated or existing only as but a short
rudiment.

In the genus Liancalus we have already mentioned the charac-
ters which this genus has in common with Scellus and Hydro-
phorus, as also those which distinguish Scellus from Liancalus;
to the latter may be added the presence of the two appendages,
peculiar to the males of Scellus. The presence of these append-
ages also distinguishes the species of Scellus from Hydrophorus,
where they are entirely wanting. Moreover the under side of the
fore femora and of the fore tibise in the species of Scellus is beset
with long spines, catching into each other when the knee is bent,
while in the species of Hydrophorus there are at the utmost some
spine-like bristles on the under side of the fore femora near the
basis, otherwise the under side of the fore femora and of the fore
tibiae is only beset with very short thorn-like bristles.

The name of the genus (from OXEMOS, with crooked feet) has
reference to the peculiar structure of the fore feet.

I know as yet only six species of Scellus, of which three are
peculiar to North America, one is common to Europe and North
America, and two are exclusively European ; one of the latter
species, occurring in Sweden, is as yet undescribed.

Table for the determination of the Species.

( Wings entirely blackened. 1 exustus Walk.

\ Wings not entirely blackened. 2

o ( Apical half of the wings black. 2 spinimanus Ztt.

\ Apical half of the wings not black. 3

„ ( Wings entirely tinged with blackish gray. 3 avidus, n. sp.

I Wings scarcely a little tinged with gray. 4 filiferus, n. sp.

Description of the Species.

1. S. exustus WALK. £ and 9 • — Thoracis dorso seneo-nigro opaco,
abdomine cupreo, latera versus viridi, nitidissimo, halteribus nigris,
alis nigricantibus adversus costam nigris, lamellis analibus maris albis,
in basi nigris, apicem versus flavis, in summo apice puncto nigro notatis.

The upper side of the thorax bronze-black, opaque ; the abdomen copper-
colored, laterally green, very bright ; halteres black ; wings blackish,
towards the fore margin entirely black ; the anal appendages of the male
are white, near the root black, towards the tip yellow, at the extreme tip
with a black spot. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.26.

SCELLUS. 203

SYN. Medeterus exustus- WALKEK, Dipt. Saund. 211.
Scellits exustus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 71, 1.

Male. Black. The face rather narrow, opaque from a bright
ochre-yellow dust. Antennae black. Front covered with white
dust. The middle of the upper side of the thorax is, at least in
my specimen, black, opaque, and exhibits some traces of gray
dust ; towards the lateral margin it is more bright and shows a
less distinct coppery reflection ; on the lateral margin itself there
is a broad longitudinal stripe covered with white dust. Scutelluni
with two bristles, opaque upon the middle, with a thin, almost im-
perceptible coat of white dust, bright on the sides. Pleura
bronze-black, on the upper half with a dusky copper-colored reflec-
tion, on the lower half with a thin gray-whitish dust. Abdomen
brilliant coppery-red, in a certain light it appears brass-colored
upon the posterior segments, in an oblique direction even green ;
its first segment almost reddish-violet. The upper appendages,
peculiar to the males of Scellus, are of a very considerable length,
white, near the root black, somewhat enlarged at the tip, curved
towards each other and of a yellow color, at the extreme tip black
and provided with a tuft of pale hairs, which are turned back-
wards. Coxa? black, with a thin white-grayish dust, the foremost
with extremely short pale hairs, with a few stiff black little hairs
and near the tip with.a few black bristles. Feet black, the femora
more metallic green-black, with coppery reflections ; the fore
femora but short, very much thickened, toward the basis on the
whole under side beset with bristles of different length, on the an-
terior side with a row of stiff black bristles ; middle femora elon-
gated, thin, gently curved, on the under side almost entirely bare ;
the hind femora near the basis of the under side are enlarged into
a large blunt appendage, beset with large black spines, beyond
this appendage there is an arch-like excision ; then again they are
stouter and beset on the under side with black bristles. The fore
tibiae, which are comparatively stout, bear on the front side, not
far from the basis, a stout black thorn, their tip is elongated into
a coarse tooth and their under side, which is beset with black
bristles, has somewhat before this tooth a small excision ; middle
tibiae long and rather slender ; their first half has only three short
bristles ; the second is fringed on the front side with a row of
short black bristles ; upon the posterior side somewhat beyond the

204 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

middle, there are a few long black bristles, and between these and
the tip of the tibia, some long, curly black hairs. The hind tibiae
are much stronger than the middle tibia?, their first half is stouter
than the second and the front side before the tip is armed with a
strong black bristle. Tarsi plain, their joints of decreasing length,
the first joint of the middle tarsi with a few bristles. Halteres
brownish-black. Wings blackish, all their veins broadly margined
with black ; the margins of the costa and of the first four longitu-
dinal veins are entirely confluent, so that the anterior part of the
wings appears altogether black ; upon the middle of the posterior
transverse vein and upon the curve of the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein there is a black spot ; the costal cell is of
a dark brown color.

Female. The only female which I possess, is not as well pre-
served as the described male, especially the characters of the face
cannot be recognized with certainty ; I would therefore recall the
circumstance, that the face of most of the females of Scellus is
less yellow than in the males. The first joint of the antennae in
the female is considerably shorter than that of the male. Fore
femora and fore tibia? less stout, though the tip of the latter has
also a dentiform, but less stout elongation ; their under side has
no excision before this tooth and the front side of fhe tibite no
thorn. Middle femora not curved, on. the larger half of their under
side with a few sparse bristles. Middle tibia? plain, upon the first
half with a considerable number of black bristles, upon the latter
part of the posterior side without the curly hairs which are found
in the male. Hind femora plain, slender, towards the tip but
very little stronger, upon the second part of the under side with
about six rather strong b^ack bristles. Hind tibia? without the
strong bristle which^ in the males, exists at the tip of the front
side.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken) ; Illinois. (Le Baron.)

2. S. spinimanus ZETT. £ and J . — Thoracis dorso obscure zeneo,
albido-pollinoso, opaco, abdomine ex viridi cupreo, iiitido, balteribus
subfuscis, alia nigris, basi et costse dimidise limbo subalbidis, margins
postico toto cinereo, lamellis analibns maris albis, basim versus infra
nigro-marginatis, apicem versus flavis, in surumo apico puncto fusco
notatis.

Tbe upper side of the thorax dusky bronze-colored, with whitish dust ;

SCELLUS. 205

abdomen coppery-green, bright ; halteres brownish ; wings black, though
the root and the margin of half the costa is whitish, the whole posterior
margin gray ; anal appendages of the male white, towards the basis on
the under side with a black margin, towards the tip yellow, at the ex-
treme tip marked with a brown spot. Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.19.

STN. Hydrophorus notatus ZETTEKSTEDT, Ins. Lapp. 701, 4, in obs.

Hydrophorus spinimanus ZETTEKSTEDT, Dipt. Scaud. II, 445, 5.

Male. Blackish bronze-colored. The face is comparatively a
little broader than in S. exustus, covered with bright ochre-yellow
dust and opaque. Antennas black. Front with whitish dust.
The ground-color of the thorax is of a coppery-bronze ; upon the
middle of the upper side more of a blackish-bronze, but almost
everywhere so thickly covered with dust that the coppery lustre
is only very little perceptible ; the dust on the upper side of the
thorax is snow-white, upon the two longitudinal stripes near the
lateral margin it is less thick, so that the coppery reflection of the
ground-color is more distinct ; upon the middle there are two nar-
row, dark longitudinal lines, close to each other, which do not
reach as far as the posterior margin of the thorax. Upon the
pleurte the color of the dust is more yellowish. The scutellum has
two bristles, is rather opaque, with a thin whitish dust. Abdo-
men green,- mostly with a coppery lustre, which becomes much
more bright near the lateral margin. The anal appendages are
of middling length, white, near the basis on the lower margin with
a narrow black border, and on the upper margin usually marked
with a blackish spot ; beyond the middle they are inflected up-
wards and gradually assume a yellow color ; their extreme tip is
marked with a small brown spot and bears a small tuft of delicate
pale hairs, which are turned backwards ; about the middle of the
interior margin there is a similar pubescence ; between them,
towards the anal region, there is a small tuft of delicate whitish
hairs. Coxse bronze-black ; the four anterior with yellow and the
two hind ones with a rather whitish dust ; the fore coxae with very
short and delicate pale hairs, near and upon the tip with a few
black bristles. Feet black, femora and tibise more black-green,
the former bright coppery.' Fore femora short, towards the basis
very much thickened, beset on the under side with bristles of dif-
ferent length, on the front side with a row of stiff black bristles.
Middle femora long, stronger than in S. exustus and more curved,
on the latter half of the under side with erect black bristles. Hind

206 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

femora of a plain structure, not stouter than the middle femora ;
their under side has only close before the tip, a few black bristles.
The comparatively stout fore tibiae have on their front side, not
far from their basis, a stout black thorn ; their tip is elongated into
a very stout tooth, before which the under side of the tibiog, which
is beset with strong bristles, has a small excision. Middle tibise
not quite so long and slender as those of S. exustus, on the upper
side only with three or four short bristles, on the under side with
a r,ow of extremely long, straight, erect black bristles, and on the
hind side with long curved hairs, which latter are more dense near
the tip and curl up to the shape of a lock of hair. Hind tibia3
plain, scarcely stouter than the middle tibia? ; on their upper side,
not far from the basis, there is a strong bristle, and on the latter
half a few small bristles ; the under side is beset with short small
bristles, which are isolated upon the first part and closer together
and in more regular order upon the second half; at the end of the
under side there is a considerable number of less strong and less
short bristles, of which the last is distinguished by its greater
length ; on the outside of the tip of the tibiae there are several
short and one longer and curved bristle, which has almost the
thickness of a thorn. Tarsi plain, the joints of decreasing length,
the first joint of the fore and of the middle tarsi with more, that
of the hind tarsi with less bristles. Halteres yellowish-brown, the
lower part of the knob more dark. The wings of uniform breadth
and at the end more rounded than in the other species ; an un-
commonly large black spot covers their apical half with the excep-
tion of a broad gray border on the posterior margin, and extends
as a broad cloud along the fifth longitudinal vein almost as far as
the anal cell ; inside of the discoidal cell it is somewhat paler,
otherwise, however, so dark that the two black spots, peculiar to
this genus, upon the posterior transverse vein and upon the last
segment of the fourth longitudinal rein, can only be perceived
when the wing is held towards the light ; the anterior part of the
wing from the basis as far as the middle is dingy- whitish hyaline ;
the anal angle and a broad border along the posterior margin are
more hyaline-gray.

Hab. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)

Female. It is distinguished from the male by the following

characters : Face with pale yellow-grayish, front with brown dust.

The middle of the upper side of the thorax with yellow-brownish

SCELLUS. 207

dust, marked with a few spots of whitish dust. Its lateral stripes
are covered with brown, the edge of the lateral margin, however,
again with gray-whitish dust. The abdomen is more green, less
coppery and less bright than in the male. The dust upon the
pleurae and upon the fore coxae is less yellow. The fore femora
are of a similar structure as those of the male ; the fore tibiae with-
out a thorn on the inside, elongated at the tip in a much smaller
and sharper tooth, before which there is no excision ; otherwise
the feet are plain, the middle and hind femora straight and much
more slender than in the male ; middle and hind tibiae only sparely
beset with scattered bristles.

Observation. — As I do not possess a North American female
of &. spinipes, I have prepared the above description from
Swedish specimens.

3. S. avidws, nov. sp. £ . — Thoracis dorso seneo-nigro, nitido, mar-
giiie et linea media cinereo-pollinosis, pleurarum plaga supera, abdo-
mineque ex viridi laete cupreis, nitidissimis, halteribus albis, alis cine-
reis, punctis duobus nigris, altero in vena transversa posteriore, altero
in ultimo venae longitudinalis quartse segmento ; lamellis analibus maris
albis, basi et apice tamen nigris.

Upper side of the thorax bronze-black, shining, its margin and a middle
line dusted with gray powder ; a large spot on the upper part of the
pleurae and the abdomen bright greenish copper-colored, very shining ;
halteres white ; wings gray with two large dots, one on the posterior
transverse vein, the other upon the last segment of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein ; the anal appendages of the male are white, but their basis
and tip are black. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.21.

Male. Face somewhat broader than in the previous two spe-
cies, dusted with bright ochre-yellow powder, opaque. Front
with white dust. Antennae black. Most of the upper side of the
thorax bright bronze-black with faint violet reflections ; its whole
margin has a rather broad border dusted -with a whitish-gray pow-
der, and therefore opaque ; there is also a narrow middle line,
which is much abbreviated behind and likewise dusted with a
white-grayish powder. The upper part of the pleurae, from the
shoulder to the root of the- wings, is entirely without dust, metallic
greenish copper-colored, very much shining ; as I have only a sin-
gle specimen, I am unable to judge with certainty whether this
large shining spot is also present in fresh specimens, as I believe
it to be, or whether in the above described specimen it is merely

208 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

rubbed off ; .the other parts of the pleurae are dusted with gray.
The scutellum, which has two bristles, is greenish bronze-colored
and opaque. The very shining abdomen is of a bright coppery
color, but assumes, when its surface is looked upon in a very ob-
lique direction, a green or at least brassy-yellow color. The tape-
like anal appendages are very long, somewhat blackened at the
basis, and still more so at the tip which is turned upwards, and
there beset with a small tuft of blackish hair directed backwards ;
otherwise their margins are not hairy, although there is a single
black bristle where the blackening of the tip begins on the under
side in the vicinity of its inner margin. Near the anus between
the above mentioned two appendages there are a few small black
hairs. Coxa3 greenish-black, with white-yellowish dust ; the fore-
most have besides some pale hairs, almost imperceptible on account
of their shortness and delicacy, a few black bristles before and upon
the tip. Feet black with a metallic-green reflection, which gra-
dually disappears upon the last joints of the tarsi. Fore femora
towards their root not so much thickened as in the two preceding
species, beset with strong black bristles of different length on the
under side, on the front side with a sparse row of short black bris-
tles. Middle and hind femora long, slender, straight, of a plain
structure, beset on the second half with a moderate number of
short, scattered black bristles. The moderately stout fore tibia?
bear on their anterior side, not far from the basis, a short black
thorn and are prolonged at their tip into a large, somewhat clumsy
but sharp tooth, before which the under side of the tibia, provided
with bristles, has a very small excision. The middle tibise are
long and slender ; on the upper side they are beset with only three,
on the anterior side with about seven scattered bristles of very
moderate length ; on the other half of their hind side they bear
long curly black hairs. Hind tibia? slender, straight, rather long,
only on the second half with a few isolated black bristles ; the
bristles on the outside of their tip are also only short. Tarsi
plain, their joints of decreasing length ; the first joint of the fore
and middle tarsi on the under side with numerous black bristles,
the first joint of the hind tarsi only with a few and much shorter
bristles. Wings hyaline-gray, somewhat darker towards the tip
on account of the gray margin of the second, third and fourth
longitudinal veins ; upon the posterior transverse vein and upon

SCELLUS. 20'.)

•

the middle of the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein there
is a gray-blackish spot of considerable size.

Hab. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)

4. S. filiferus, nov. sp. £ . — Thoracis dorso cinereo, opaco, abdomine
cupreo, cinereo-pollinoso, subopaco, halteribus albidis, alls hyalinis in
basi subalbidis, apicem versus cinereo-striatis punctisque duobus nia-
jusculis nigricantibus, altero didymo in vena transversa posteriore,
altero simplici in ultimo venae longitudinalis quartse segmento ; lamellis
analibus maris augustissimis albis, in basi nigris, in summo apice fla-
vicantibus.

Upper side of the thorax gray, opaque ; abdomen copper-colored with gray-
ish dust, rather opaque ; halteres whitish ; wings hyaline, whitish near
the root, with gray stripes towards the tip ; upon the posterior transverse
vein with a double blackish spot of considerable size, and with a simi-
lar, but single spot upon the last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein ; the anal appendages .of the male are very narrow, white, black at
the basis and yellowish at the extreme tip. Long. corp. 0.15. Long,
al. 0.20.

The narrow face is ochre-yellow. Antennas black. Front with
white dust. Thorax blackish bronze-colored with copper-colored
reflections ; on the upper side with thick whitish dust, which
almost conceals the ground-color, opaque ; upon the pleurae with
a somewhat thinner dust of the same color. Upon the middle of
the upper side there are two narrow parallel lines of a darker
color, which do not reach as far as the posterior margin of the
thorax. The scutellurn, which has -two bristles, is of the same
color as the pleura?. The ground-color of the abdomen is like
• that of the thorax, is, however, more distinct, not being so thickly
covered with dust ; towards the lateral margin of the abdomen,
where the dust almost entirely disappears, there is a bright cop-
per-colored lustre. The anal appendages of the male, which are
turned upwards at their tip, are not ribbon-like, as in the pre-
viously described three species, but filiform, white, black at the
root, at the tip pale-yellowish to a small extent ; on the middle of
their exterior margin there is a dense beard of delicate little white
hairs ; there is no tuft of hairs at their tip. Between them, in the
anal region, only a moderate number of short delicate little hairs,
which may be easily overlooked, are inserted. Coxae of a black-
ish-bronze color with whitish dust ; the fore coxa? have, besides
14

210 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the pale, and, on account of its shortness and delicacy, almost im-
perceptible pubescence, quite a number of black bristles. Feet
black, the femora with a more coppery, the tibia? with a more
metallic-greenish tinge. Fore femora rather strongly thickened
towards the basis, on the under side with strong black bristles of
different length, on the front side only with an imperfect row of
short black bristles. Middle femora moderately thickened and
strongly curved, on the under side of the basis with two or three
not very long, on the apical half with a large number of long,
straight and erect bristle-like black hairs. Hind femora plain, of
middling stoutness, on the under side with bristle-like short hairs ;
on the upper side with two longer black bristles, of which the
larger is not far from its tip. Fore tibia? strong, with a large and
sharp thorn on the front side, not far from the basis ; elongated at
the tip into a large clumsy tooth ; the under side of the tibia, pro-
vided with bristles, has no distinct excision before this tooth.
Middle tibise long, straight, a little stronger in the neighborhood
of the basis ; the first two thirds of their under and posterior side
are fringed' with long curly black hairs, the end of the under and
front side, however, with long and stiff black bristles ; on the under
side, where these bristles begin, there is between them a somewhat
curved black thorn. Hind tibia? straight, on the under side with
short but very strong black bristles, one of which, being not far
from the tip, is remarkable for its greater length ; on the outside
of the tip of the tibia? a few shorter and one somewhat longer
curved bristle are inserted. Tarsi plain, their joints of decreasing
length ; the first joint of the fore and middle tarsi on the under
side with black bristles, which are of considerable length near the
basis of the tarsi, but decrease in length very rapidly so as to be
very short on the larger portion of the joint ; the under side of
the first joint of the hind tarsi is everywhere beset with short black
bristles. Halteres pale-yellowish, but the basis of the knob some-
what brownish. "Wings hyaline ; almost the whole basal third
appears somewhat whitish when seen in a certain direction ; gray-
ish stripes along the second half of the second and third longitu-
dinal veins, likewise along the tip of the last segment of the fourth
and the greater portion of the fifth longitudinal vein ; there is
also a gray streak between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ;
upon the posterior transverse vein there is a blackish-gray double
spot, and upon the middle of the last segment of the fourth longi-

HYDROPHORUS. 211

tudinal Vein there is a larger rounded blackish-gray spot, which is

less sharply denned on the side turned towards the tip of the wing.

Hob. Fort Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory. (Kennicott.)

•

Gen. XXXVII. HYDROPHORUS.

Character. The first joint of the antennae short, bare ; the
second very short ; the third rounded, more or less distinctly
notched under its tip ; arista dorsal, two-jointed, apparently bare.
Front a little excavated on the vertex, narrower anteriorly. Eyes
large, higher than broad, encased below in the cheeks, which in
their structure resemble those of Orthochile, and are broader than
in the other genera. The face reaches somewhat below the lower
corner of the eyes ; it is scarcely narrower in the male than in the
female, its two upper thirds are usually a little concave ; the lowest
third is separated from the upper one by two knotlike elevations
near the eyes, is convex and ends in a sharp rounded edge. Pro-
boscis of moderate thickness ; palpi incumbent, in both sexes
rather small. Upper side of the thorax only with moderately
long hairs upon its middle. Scutellurn rather flat, though some-
what elevated along its middle line, in all species known to me
with four bristles. Abdomen broad and rather flat, very short,
without bristles ; it has five segments in both sexes. The hypopy-
giurn of the male is small and imbedded ; at its lower end there
are two small, dark-colored lamellae, obliquely turned down, and
so closely approximated that they seem to form but one clumsy
dentiform protuberance ; usually no other appendages are seen
besides these. Feet generally bare ; middle and hind feet much
longer and more slender than the fore feet ; fore femora gradually
rather thickened towards the root ; on their under side, either in
both sexes or at least in the male, with short, thornlike bristles ;
sometimes they are beset with a few longer and thornlike bristles ;
fore tibiae on the under side densely beset with very short thorn-
like bristles ; middle tibiae never beset with longer hairs even in
the male ; tarsi plain, their joints very much decreasing in length;
the empodium very distinct. Wings long and narrow ; the pos-
terior transverse vein close to the margin of the wing ; the third
and fourth longitudinal veins usually somewhat converging towards
their ends ; in some species they are parallel ; the sixth longitudi-
nal vein usually apparent as far as the middle of its course.

212 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Hydrophorus differs from Scellus by the fore femora and fore
tibije not being provided on the under side with long thorns,
catching between each other, by the tip of the fore tibiae not being
elongated into a clumsy projection, by the middle tibia3 of the male
not being adorned with long hair, by the hypopygium not having
those peculiar pale-colored appendages, which distinguish the
species of Scellus, &c. Liancalus has no notches on the third
joint of the antennae, its fore femora are not thickened and un-
armed, and it has bristles before the incisures of the abdomen, so
that no mistake can occur between the species of Hydrophones
and Liancalus.

The name of Hydrophorus (from i'Sup, water, and qipftv, to
carry) has been bestowed upon these insects with reference to the
ability of many of the species to run even upon agitated waters.

The species of Hydrophorus known to me are distributed over
Europe, Northern Asia, Africa and North America. There is no
perceptible habitual difference between the species from the dif-
ferent parts of the globe.

Table for the determination of the Species.

, ( Face with white dust, shining green above. 1 innotatus, nov. sp.

( Face with brownish-yellow dust, opaque above. 2

~ ( Third and fourth longitudinal veins convergent. 2 pirata Lw.

\ Third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel. 3 parvus Lw.

Description of the Species.

1. H. innotatus, nov. sp. £ and J. — Olivaceo-jeneus, scutello
virescente, abdomine viridi, femoribus tibiisque viridibus, tarsis nigris,
facie supra viridi-splendente, polline pleurarum albido, venis alarum
cinerascentium atris, longitudinalibus tertia et quarta apicem versus
paulo couvergentibus.

Metallic olive-brown with greenish scutellum and green abdomen ; femora
and tibiae green ; tarsi black ; face shining green above ; pleurse with
whitish dust ; wings gray with black veins ; the third and fourth longi-
tudinal veins somewhat converging towards their end. Long. corp.
0.13. Long. al. 0.22.

The dust upon the face is yellow-brownish immediately below
the antenna? ; otherwise everywhere white in the male, but so thin
upon the entire upper part of the face that its metallic-green color
becomes distinctly perceptible ; in the female the face is covered
with white dust only along the sides, upon the middle with

HYDROPHORUS. 213

brownish dust. Antennas entirely black. Front greenish-black,
opaque ; seen in an oblique direction the covering of brown dust
upon it becomes perceptible, which otherwise is visible only on the
anterior margin. The ground-color of the occiput is green and
but little covered with brownish-gray dust. The cilia of the upper
orbit are, as usual, black, the dense and hair-like cilia on the late-
ral and inferior orbits, however, rusty-yellowish. The upper side
of the thorax metallic olive-brown ; the hindmost part with a
metallic-green reflection ; the dust upon it is brown. Scutellum
with four bristles, shining, rather green, though somewhat copper-
colored upon its middle. Pleuras and coxse with whitish dust.
Abdomen metallic-green, shining, especially on the sides ; the
short hair upon it is blackish, upon the sides of the first segment,
however, fallow-yellowish. Fore coxse on their front side with a
very short and delicate whitish pubescence, beset on the upper
half of their exterior side with a moderate number of compara-
tively long black bristles ; a few of them are also at the tip.
Femora slender, green, with an almost imperceptible grayish
dust ; the fore femora as usual thickened towards their basis, and
beset on the under side near the basis with four or five rather long
thornlike bristles ; besides these there is, nearer to the anterior
margin, an apparently incomplete row of very short bristle-like
little hairs, which are but difficult to perceive. Tibia? dark green,
the foremost on their under side uniformly fringed with very short,
black thornlike bristles. Tarsi black. Cilia of the tegulas yel-
low. Halteres with a dusky yellow peduncle and with blackened
knob. Wings very long, tinged with gray, not darker towards
the anterior margin and with veins which are black up to the ex-
treme root ; the end of the third longitudinal vein is somewhat
curved backwards so as to converge distinctly towards the fourth
longitudinal vein ; no dark spot is to be seen neither upon the
fourth longitudinal vein, nor upon the convexity, crossed by the
last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein.

Hab. Sitka. (Sahlberg.)

Observation. — Notwithstanding the not unimportant difference
in the coloring of the dust on the lower part of the face between
the two sexes described above, I have no doubt that both belong
together. From the other North American species, known to
me, H. innotatun differs by the shining green color of the upper
part of the face. Among the European species it can only be

214 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

compared to balticus Meig., alpinus Wahlb. and callostomus
Lw. It can easily be distinguished from balticus by the dark
knob of the halteres ; from alpinus by the want of a curved thorn
at the end of the fore tibiae ; from callostomus by its more con-
siderable size and a comparatively narrower face.

2. H. pirata LOEW. <j? . — Olivaceo-seneus, thorace et scutello cupreo-
splendentibus, abdomine virescente, femoribus tibiisque viridibus, tarsis
nigris, polline faciei opacse ex fusco ochraceo, pleurarum polline albido,
venis alarum cinerascentium nigris, longitudinalibus tertia et quarto,
apicem versus paulo convergentibus.

Metallic olive-brown, thorax and sc.utellum with a copper-colored reflex-
ion ; abdomen greenish ; femora and tibi?e green ; tarsi black ; the dust
upon the opaque face brownish ochre-yellow ; that of the pleurse whitish ;
wings gray with black veins, the third and fourth longitudinal veins
somewhat converging towards their ends. Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al.
0.24—0.26.

SYN. Hydrophorus pirata LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 71, 1.

Face with brownish-yellow dust, entirely opaque. Palpi black
and covered with black hairs, on the upper , side with brownish-
yellow dust. Antennae entirely black. Front brownish-black,
opaque ; when seen in an oblique direction, it seems as if partially
covered with brownish-yellow dust. On the occiput the ground-
color is green, however almost entirely covered with grayish-
yellow dust, or rendered very opaque. The cilia of the upper
orbit are, as usual, black, the dense and hair-like cilia of the
lateral and inferior orbits however, yellow. The upper side of the
thorax is metallic olive-brown with a copper-colored reflection;
the scarcely perceptible dust upon it is brownish-yellow. Scutel-
lum with four bristles, shining, copper-colored upon the middle,
on the margin green. Pleura? and coxae with whitish dust. Ab-
domen more green than the thorax and with a coppery tinge, upon,
the greater portion of the last segment and upon the posterior
margin of the preceding segments usually beautifully green ; its
short hair is blackish, only upon the posterior margin of the first
and of the last segment it is pale. Fore coxae on their front side
with a very short and delicate whitish pubescence, on their ex-
terior margin fringed with black, stiff, but not very strong, bris-
tles, of which there are also a few on the tip. Femora slender,
green, and covered with thin, almost imperceptible, whitish dust ;

IIYDROPHORUS. 215

the fore femora as usual, thickened towards the basis, on their
under side with two rows of thorn-like bristles, the inner row of
winch reaches as far as their tip, while the exterior one stops
already on the middle of the femora. Tibia? dark-green, the fore-
most uniformly fringed, upon their under side, with very short
thorn-like bristles. Tarsi black. Cilia of the tegula? fallowish-
yellow. Halteres with a dusky-yellowish peduncle, and with
blackened knob. Wings very long, tinged with gray, not darker
towards the anterior margin, with black veins up to the extreme
root ; the end of the third longitudinal vein somewhat approaches
the fourth, so that these veins converge distinctly towards their
ends ; upon the posterior transverse vein and upon the convexity,
which the last segment of the fourth longitudinal veins crosses,
there is a somewhat more gray spot, which is almost invisible to
the naked eye.

Hob. Pennsylvania, District of Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — It is difficult to determine, whether H. pirata is
not one of those four species of Hydrophorus which Mr. Walker
has described as species of Medeterus. They agree in a good many
respects not only among themselves, but also with H. pirata,
while each of them exhibits also some distinguishing feature. H.
•viridiflos must be much more green, according to Mr. Walker's
statements, than H. pirata ; besides, the cilia of the inferior orbit
of the former one are white, while those of the latter are yellow ;
moreover, its abdomen is conical and longer than the thorax, an
entirely uncommon character for a female of Hydrophorus, and
making it almost doubtful whether it really belongs to this genus ;
finally the veins of the wings are said to be brownish-yellow near
the root of the wing ; these discrepancies are altogether too great
to justify the supposition that H. pirata can be identical witli
viridiflos Walker. The face of Walker's female of H. glaber is
said to be covered with golden-yellow dust, the abdomen on the
upper side clothed with brownish-yellow hairs, the femora rather
stout and the halteres brownish-yellow. These differences are
likewise too important to admit the identity of H. pirata with H.
glaber. The face of Walker's female of H. chrysologus is said to
be also covered with golden-yellow dust ; the wings are said to be
brown along the anterior margin, and to measure only three lines
in expanse, whereas they measure six lines in H. pirata. Under
such circumstances the identity of these species is out of question.

216 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II

In Walker's description of H. alboflorens, the brownish -yellow-
color of the dust upon the face, the color of the halteres and the
black color of the hair on the upper side of the abdomen, agree
better with H. pirata ; but it is added, that the thorax is covered
with brownish-yellow dust, that the dust upon the femora is of the
same color, and finally that the pulvilli are of a pale-yellowish
color, of all which there is no trace in H. pirata.

3. H. parvus LOEW. £ . — Olivaceo-seneus, thorace et scntello cupreo
resplendentibus, abdomine obscure virescente, femoribus tibiisque viridi-
bus, tarsis nigris, polline faciei opacse ex fusco ochraceo, pleurarum polline
albido, venis alarum ex nigro cinerascentium nigris, longitudinalibus
tertia et quarta perfecte parallelis.

Metallic olive-brown, thorax and scntellum with a copper-colored re-
flection ; abdomen dark-green, femora and tibiae green, tarsi black, the
dust upon the entirely opaque face brownish ochre-yellow, that on the
pleurae whitish ; the wings blackish-gray with black veins, the third and
fourth longitudinal veins entirely parallel. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10.
Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Hydrophorus parvus LOEW, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. VI, 214, 67.

Resembles in the structure of the body H. pirata very much,
but sufficiently distinct from it by its smaller size, more blackish
color of the wings and the complete parallel course of the third
and fourth longitudinal veins. Face with brownish ochre-yellow
dust, entirely opaque, very much narrower upwards. Palpi black,
antennae also black. Front almost velvet-black, with yellow-
brownish dust, which is not distinctly perceptible in every direc-
tion. Ground-color of the occiput green, covered above with
yellowish, below and on the lateral margin with whitish dust.
Cilia of the upper orbit black, of the inferior one white. Upper
side of the thorax metallic olive-brown with almost violet and
coppery reflections, the latter of which form two indistinct longitu-
dinal lines and are more extended near the posterior margin of the
thorax. Scutellum shining copper-colored, with four bristles, the
lateral bristles much shorter than those which are nearer to the
tip. The abdomen is green, rather opaque, upon the middle
somewhat coppery, on the lateral margin and on the under side
distinctly covered with white dust ; the very short hair upon it is
black. Coxse, femora and tibice black-green. The fore coxae
arc fringed on their front side with very delicate whitish hair

ACHALCUS. 217

which, on account of its shortness, is difficult to perceive ; on
their exterior side some short white little hairs are also inserted ;
one of the uppermost, however, is sometimes of a black color.
The fore femora, which are moderately thickened towards the root,
have, on their under side, a dense row of very short, straight,
erect little bristles, and near the basis two or three longer bristles.
The under side of the fore tibiae is also provided with a dense
row of very short small bristles. Tarsi black. The halteres
appear to be black. Wings long, tinged with a gray-blackish
color, not darker towards the anterior margin, and up to the ex-
treme root with black veins ; the end of the fourth longitudinal
vein is completely parallel to the third ; the posterior transverse
vein is perpendicular, without dark margin and dark spot upon its
middle ; the convexity crossed by the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein is not darker than its surroundings.
Hob. Pennsylvania.

Gen. XXXVIII. ACHAL.CUS.

Character. Color non-metallic. The first joint of the an-
tennas glabrous, the third pointed-ovate ; the long and slender
arista subapical. Face narrow. Abdomen with six segments in
both sexes ; the female abdomen at the end without a coronet of
bristles. Hypopygium small ; its exterior appendages have the
shape of small lamellae. The first joint of the hind tarsi without
bristles, shorter than the second. The sixth longitudinal vein of
the wings is wanting.

It is impossible to overlook the relationship of the genus
Achalcus with the four following genera, which are distinguished
by the posterior end of the thoracic dorsum being provided with
a concave surface.

This relationship is also illustrated by the want of the coronet of
bristles on the posterior end of the female abdomen, which Achalcus
has in common with these four genera. I have only a few speci-
mens of Achalcus flavicollis in my possession ; the manner in
which they are pinned renders it impossible to ascertain whether
-•'the posterior end of the upper side of the thorax has a concave
surface or not ; it seems to me that the latter is the case.

The name of the genus (from a, non, and ^axxoj, brass) has refer-
ence to the non-metallic color of the species.

218 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

The few species of Achalcus as yet known, belong all to the
European fauna.

Gen. XXXIX. MEDETERUS.

Character. Face of both sexes rather broad, and in both with
a transverse swelling below its middle. 'The proboscis very much
swollen ; when in repose, both sides of its opening are so close
together, that its lower surface forms but a single convexity. The
first joint of the antennas glabrous, the third rounded or somewhat
ovate, with a slender apical or subapical arista. Eyes not hairy.
The upper side of the thorax on its posterior end with a concave
declivity. The hypopygium with a short peduncle, entirely dis-
engaged, inflected under the venter, with rather short appendages.
Feet rather long and slender, almost entirely without bristles ; the
first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles, shorter than the second.
The third longitudinal vein, in most of these species, ends not far
from the tip of the wing, and the last segment of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein converges towards the third.

The genus consists of two groups ; the first of these differs from
the second by the shorter distance of the posterior transverse vein
from the margin of the wing, by a stronger convergency of the
third and fourth longitudinal veins, by the smaller length of the
first joint of the hind tarsi and a more slender structure of the
body.

The name of Medeterus (from ^Ssf spoj, neither of the two) was
given to this genus, because its species could not be located in any
of the two genera of Dolichopodidse, established at that time.

The known species belong to Europe, Northern Asia, North-
ern Africa, and North America. Of the latter I possess un-
fortunately only fragments of specimens, so that my statements
about them will necessarily be very imperfect.

1. m. nigripes LOEW. 9 • — Nigricans, antennis pedibusque concolori-
bus, thoracis dimidio anteriore albido-bivittato, dimidio posteriore et
scutello albido-pollinosis, alis subhyalinis.

Blackish, antennae and feet of the same color, the anterior part of the
thorax with two whitish stripes, the posterior half and the scuteilum
covered with whitish dust, wings rather hyaline. Long. corp. 0.12.
Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Medeterus niyripes LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 73, 1.

MEDETERUS. 219

Blackish, without metallic lustre. Face opaque from brown
dust; its ground-color seems to be greenish-black, below the trans-
verse swelling, above it of a purer black. Palpi and proboscis
shining black. Antennas black. Front opaque from brown dust.
The cilia of the inferior orbit pale. The anterior half of the upper
side of the thorax is brown with dust and has two distinct, yellow-
ish-white longitudinal stripes, which reach from the anterior mar-
gin as far as the impression upon the posterior half; this impres-
sion and the scutellum are covered with grayish-white dust. The
upper part of the pleurae is covered with brownish-gray dust ; the
bristles above the fore coxaa are black. Abdomen black without
any distinct trace of dust. Coxa3 and feet black ; fore coxae very
glabrous, only with a few black bristles near 'the tip ; the extreme
tip of the knees dark pitch-brown (which might be easily over-
looked). The second joint of the hind tarsi is three times the length
of the first one. Cilia of the tegulas whitish. Halteres whitish
with a darker peduncle. Wings hyaline, scarcely a little tinged
with gray, with dark-brown veins ; the posterior transverse vein
distant from the margin of the wing somewhat more than its own
length ; the third longitudinal vein ends close before the tip of the
wing ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is uncom-
monly straight and its end lies close to the end of the third longi-
tudinal vein.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. M. veles LOEW. ^ . — Nigricans, antennis concoloribus, facie opaca,
pedibus testaceis, feinoruin dimidio basali ex nigro piceo, alls subhyalinis,
maris hypopygio atro, nitido, ovato, subsessili.

Blackish, antennje of the same color ; face opaque ; feet yellowish, basal
half of the femora brownish-black ; wings rather hyaline, hypopygiuiu
black, ovate, almost sessile. Long. corp. 0.11. Long. al. 0.11.

STN. Medeterus veles LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIZI, 73, 2.

Blackish, without metallic lustre. Face opaque from brownish-
gray dust ; its ground-color is black, more distinct upon the part
below the transverse swelling, the dust there having been rubbed
off. Palpi and proboscis black, shining. Antenn® black. Front
opaque from brown-gray dust. The upper side of the thorax is
marked in a similar manner as in the preceding species, but the
dust on the anterior half is more gray and that on the posterior
half and on the scutellum, at least in the described specimen, less

220 DIPTERA Or NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

striking. The upper part of the pleurae is covered with gray dust
and the bristles above the fore coxse are of a pale color. The
abdomen is less thickly dusted than the thorax, appears however
rather gray in some directions on account of its cover of dust.
The peduncle of the hypopygium is so short as to appear ses-
sile ; it is rather stout, ovate, almost reversed-pyriform, black,
polished on its entire right side and on the latter half of the left
side. Coxse black. Feet brownish-yellow, all femora, from the
root as far as the middle, pitch-black, this color vanishing gradu-
ally. Cilia of the tegulae whitish ; halteres whitish with -a darker
peduncle. Wings hyaline, scarcely tinged with a little gray,
veins brownish ; the posterior transverse vein distant from the
margin of the wing more than its own length. The third longi-
tudinal vein ends a little farther from the tip of the wing than
in the preceding species ; the last segment of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein is also very straight, converges, however, less towards
the third longitudinal vein than in M. nigripes.

Hob. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. I have received from Mr. Le Baron two females,
captured in Illinois. They are somewhat larger than the above
described male, and the lower part of the face is greenish-blue, but
very little shining. Otherwise they agree with it perfectly. The
different color of the lower part of the face would be a sufficient
specific distinction, if the' bad condition of the above described
male of M. veles did not admit the supposition that the difference
in its color is an unnatural one. I prefer therefore not to consider
these females as belonging to a different species.

Gen. XL. CHRYSOTIMUS.

Character. Size of the body small. Antennae small ; their
first joint glabrous ; the third joint very short, usually broader
than long, distinctly hairy, with an apical or almost apical arista.
Eyes with a very short pubescence. The posterior end of the
thorax with a rather large, distinctly concave, sloping surface.
The bristles upon thorax and scutelluui yellow. Abdomen in all
the species partially yellow. Feet not elongated ; the first joint
of the hind tarsi without bristles. Posterior transverse vein upon,
or more or less before, the middle of the wing ; the last segment
of the fourth longitudinal vein neither broken nor distinctly bent

CIIRYSOTIMTJS. 221

forward, parallel to the third vein and ending into, or somewhat
beyond, the tip of the wing. Hypopygium small and imbedded.

The species of Chrysotimus were formerly united with the
species of Chrysotus. The principal difference between these
genera consists in the structure of the thoracic dorsum. Chry-
sotus has immediately before the scutellum a small, more or less
distinct, transverse swelling, which is separated from the rest of
the surface by a rounded impression, and the convexity of the
thorax begins here. In Chrysotimus this transverse swelling is
entirely wanting, and the thorax shows in the middle of its hind-
most part a rather conspicuous, distinctly concave surface, slop-
ing towards its posterior margin. Moreover in Chrysotimus the
feet are much less hairy, the wings comparatively a little larger,
the appendages of the hypopygiurn more concealed, the integu-
ments of the whole body softer, the bristles upon thorax and scu-
tellum not black, but yellow, and the abdomen always, at least
partially, of a yellow color, which is not the case with any of the
genuine species of Chrysotus.

The name of the genus (from %pvaos gold, and ft,^, honor) re-
minds us of the coloring of the species, as well as of their former
connection with the genus Chrysotus.

Besides the two North American species, described below, only
European species are known.

1. C. pusio LOEW. 9 •— Ij^ete viridis, abdominis flavi segmento ultimo
viridi, antennis palpisque nigris.

Bright green ; abdomen yellow, the last segment green ; antennse and
palpi black. Long. corp. 0.07. Long. al. 0.09.

SYN. Chrysotimus pusio LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 74, 1.

Face dark-green with a thin white-grayish dust. Palpi brown-
ish-black, appearing rather pale on account of a white-grayish
dust. Antennae entirely black ; front shining metallic-green ; the
frontal bristles black, in another direction fallow-brownish, with
a yellow lustre. The cilia of the whole orbit yellowish. Thorax
and scutellum pale metallic-green, with whitish dust, but shining
and fringed with yellow bristles. Metathorax and pleura? of the
same pale-green color, the latter with thick whitish dust. Abdo-
men uniformly yellow, only on the upper side of the last segment
green. All the coxae and feet yellow, only the last joint of the

222 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II,

tarsi brownish-black ; all the hairs, as well as the few short bristles
upon them, are yellowish, though the latter appear dark when
held towards the light. Halteres and tegulas yellowish, the latter
with yellowish cilia. Wings hyaline with a yellow-grayish tinge
and yellow veins ; the short and steep posterior transverse vein
lies more closely to the axillary incision than to the tip of the
wing ; its anterior end is not quite so far distant from the extreme
basis of the costa as from the tip of the wing.
Hab. New York.

2. C. delicatus LOEW. 9 • — Lfete viridis, abdominis segmentis se-
cundo et tertio flavis, antennis nigris, palpis flavis.

Bright green, the second and third abdominal segments yellow, antennse
black ; palpi yellow. Long. corp. 0.08. Long. al. 0.10.

SYN. Chrysotimus delicatns LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 74, 2.

Face blackish-green, covered with white-grayish, not very strik-
ing, dust. Palpi pale-yellowish. Antennae black. Front metal-
lic-green, indistinctly covered with whitish dust ; frontal bristles
black, in another direction fallow-brownish with yellow lustre.
The cilia of the orbit seem to be altogether yellow. Thorax
and scutellum pale metallic-green, with gray-whitish dust, but
shining and fringed with yellow bristles. The metathorax and*
the pleura? have a similar, font more dull, coloring ; the latter are
covered with white-grayish dust. The first and the two last ab-
dominal segments are green and shining, the second and third, in
fresh specimens, are undoubtedly of a yellow color ; in the only
specimen, which I possess, both are infuscated to a considerable
extent at their basis ; upon the posterior corners they show a
dusky-whitish color. The color of the venter cannot be distinctly
perceived, but it seems to correspond with that of the abdomen.
Coxas and feet yellow, only the last joint of the tarsi brownish-
black. All their hairs, as also their bristles, are yellowish, though
the latter appear to be dark when held towards the light. Hal-
teres and tegulse yellowish, the latter with yellowish cilia. Wings
hyaline, tinged with grayish ; towards the anterior margin with a
yellow-grayish tinge ; the veins on the posterior part are more yel-
low-brownish, on the anterior part more yellow ; the short poste-
rior transverse vein has not such a steep position as in the pre-

XANTHOCHLORUS. 223

ceding species, and is a little more distant from the tip of the
wing.

Hub. New York.

Gen. XLI. XAtfTHOCHLORUS.

Character. Color of the body non-metallic, yellow, often with
green spots. Antennae very short ; their first joint remarkably
short and without hairs, the second transverse, the third very short ;
the arista, which is distinctly clothed with hairs, is inserted upon
the back of the third joint, in the vicinity of the basis. The
thorax has upon its posterior half an impressed surface, which is
sloping downwards. The last segment of the fourth longitudinal
vein is but very gently inflected, and converges somewhat towards
the third longitudinal vein ; the sixth longitudinal vein disappears
already far before the margin of the wing. Feet rather, long ;
hind tarsi much shorter than the hind tibise ; their first joint with-
out bristles and shorter than the second. Abdomen of the male
not elongated ; the hypopygium rather swollen, not imbedded,
pointing straight backwards, so that the abdomen thereby appears
to be somewhat elongated ; the appendages are small, but dis-
tinctly visible. The abdomen of the female obtuse at the tip,
somewhat impressed below, and without a coronet of bristles.

In consequence of the color of the^body, the species of Xantho-
chlorus might perhaps be mistaken for species of the genera Chry-
sotimus and Saucropus. In Chrysotimus the position of the arista
is more subapical ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are
parallel, the feet shorter, and the hind tarsi almost as long as the
hind tibiae, the hypopygium of the male is smaller and imbedded,
and the last segment of the female abdomen protrudes in the form
of a short ovipositor. Of all this, nothing is to be found in Xan-
thochlorus. In Saucropus the abdomen is elongated, the hypopy-
gium inflected under the abdomen and the last abdominal segment
of the female is a sort of an ovipositor ; all this is not to be found
in Xanthochlorus ; the feet of the species of Saucropus are also
much more elongated than those of the species of Xanthochlorus.

The name of this genus (from £a>£o$, yellow, and z*-"P°s, green)
has reference to the peculiar color of the species.

Besides a few European species, only the following North

224 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

American species is known, which may perhaps be identical with
one of the European species.

1. X. lielvinus LOEW. £ . — Flavus, fronte, facie et setis thoracis
nigricantibus.

Yellow, front, face and the bristles of the thorax blackish. Long. corp.
0.11. Long. al. 0.13.

STN. Xanthochlorus helvinus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VII, 75, 1.

Altogether yellow. Front and face blackish with whitish dust,
which is more distinctly visible in an oblique direction. The
arista, the bristles on the vertex and on the upper side of the
thorax, black, but shifting into brown in a reflected light. A
small blackish spot on the pleura?, immediately below the root of
the wing.

Hab. Chicago!

Observation. — This species resembles the European X. tenellus
Wied., very much, and is probably a slight variety of it. No
plastic distinctions at all are to be seen ; the only difference which
I can perceive, is the darker color of the bristles upon the vertex
and on the upper side of the thorax. The comparison of the male
is necessary in order to determine whether this sj>ecies can be con-
sidered as a variety of X. tenellus.

Gen. XLII. SAUCROPUS.

The species of this genus, which older authors have united with
Porphyrops, agree in many characters so much, and differ by
these characters so sharply from the related species of the Doli-
chopodidse, that their claim to form a separate genus cannot be
questioned. The following are the principal characters of this
genus : First joint of the antenna? without hair on the upper side ;
arista dorsal. The thorax with a sloping surface upon the mid-
dle of its posterior end. Feet very long and slender ; hind tibiae
elongated ; the first joint of the hind tarsi without bristles, shorter
than the second. Abdomen elongated and narrow ; especially in
the male. Hypopygium disengaged, short and stout, inflected,
with short, very little developed appendages. Color of the body
principally, or at least partially, yellow. Hairs and bristles
chiefly black.

SAUCROPUS. 225

The characters by which the genus Saucropus is distinguished
from the related genera, need not be repeated here, as they have
already been sufficiently explained among the characters of those
genera.

The name- of JSaucropus (from aavxp6$, delicate, and rtov;, foot)
has reference to the great sleuderness of the feet, which distin-
guishes all the species of this genus.

The known species are distributed over Europe, America, and
South Africa. The American species resemble more those of
Europe than those of South Africa ; in the latter the third and
fourth longitudinal veins are parallel, while in the European
species the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein approaches
the third longitudinal vein, although very gradually, still, in gene-
ral, very strongly.

li S. dimidiatus LOEW. £ . — Pallide flavus, thoracis linea media et
macula postica nigris, abdomine nigrofasciato, setis -coxarum anteriorum
albidis.

Pale-yellow, thorax with a black middle line and with a black spot upon
the posterior end, abdomen with black bands ; the anterior coxae with
whitish bristles. Long. corp. 0.18. Long. al. 0.17.

SYN. Saucropus dimicliatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 75, 1.

Pale-yellowish. Face very narrow, white. Antenna? bright-
yellow. Front black with white dust ; frontal bristles black.
Cilia on the posterior orbit as well as the two stronger bristles
behind the upper corners of the eyes, yellow-whitish. Upper side
of the thorax reddish-yellow ; the middle line and the sloping sur-
face on its posterior margin are black. Scutellum whitish-yellow
with two strong black bristles ; on the outside of each of these
bristles there is a very small delicate hair, easily overlooked, which
in all our European species is much stronger. Metathorax black ;
the pleura? have a small black dot above the middle coxa?. Abdo-
men with three black transverse bands, the first in the vicinity of
the basis of the second segment, the two following near the basis
of the third and fourth segments ; the two last are somewhat
emarginated on the middle of their posterior margin. Hypopy-
gium short and clumsy, shining black ; its small exterior appen-
dages are white. Coxa? and feet pale-yellowish ; on the fore and
middle coxa? there are altogether no black, but only whitish bris-
15

226 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

ties ; the hairs on the front side of the fore coxae are also whitish ;
on the outside of the hind coxa? there is a solitary black bristle.
Tibias and tarsi elongated and very slender; middle and hind tarsi
strongly infuscated from the tip of the first joint ; the fore tarsi
from the tip of the first joint become likewise more dark, though
their color changes much more gradually into brown. Cilia of the
tegulae whitish. Wings hyaline with a slight gray-yellowish tinge ;
the end of the fourth longitudinal vein approaches rather strongly
the end of the third.

Hob. Florida, District of Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

2. S. ruTiellllS LOEW. £ • — Pallide flavus, thoracis macula postica,
abdomiuis fasciis setisque coxarum nigris.

Pale-yellow ; thorax with a black spot upon the posterior side ; abdomen
with black bauds ; coxae with black bristles. Long. corp. 0.25. Long,
al. 0.23.

SYN. Saucropus rubellus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 76, 2.

Pale-yellowish. Face narrow, white. Antennse bright-yellow.
Front black with white-yellowish dust. The frontal bristles and
the two stronger bristles behind the upper corners of the eyes,
black. Cilia of the orbit yellowish-white. Upper side of the
thorax reddish-yellow, the sloping spot on its hind margin black.
Scutellum yellowish with two strong black bristles ; on the outside
of each there is a very minute delicate hair, easily overlooked.
Metathorax brown only on the upper margin and upon the. mid-
dle line. Pleura? with a black dot above the middle coxae. Ab-
domen with four black transverse bands of uniform breadth, of
which the first near the anterior margin of the second segment,
the others on the anterior margins of the following segments ; the
last of these bands is sometimes indistinct. Coxse and feet pale-
yellowish. The bristles on the fore coxae black ; the hair on the
front side blackish, towards the basis of the coxae pale ; middle
coxa? with black bristles and hairs ; the hind coxa? on their out-
side with a single black bristle. Tibia? and tarsi elongated, very
slender ; the tarsi from the tip of the first joint infuscated. The
cilia of the tegulae yellowish. "Wings with a very distinct gray-
yellow tinge ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein rather strongly
approaches the end of the third one.

Hah. Virginia. (Osten-Sacken.)

SAUCROPUS. 221

3. S. superfoiens LOEW. £ and 9 • — Ex glauco viridis, abdomine
L-ete ffineo-viridijlbasim versus flavo.

Grayish-green, the abdomen shining metallic-green, towards the basis
yellow. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Saucropus svperbiens LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 76, 3.

Face of the male entirely linear ; that of the female also very
narrow, snow-white. Palpi and proboscis dark -yellow. Antennae
bright reddish-yellow ; <J;he small third joint somewhat infuscated
at the tip. Front with thick whitish dust ; the frontal bristles
black. The cilia of the upper orbit black, those of the lateral
and inferior orbits whitish. The upper side of the thorax has a
pale, metallic-green ground-color, more copper-colored towards
the sides, appears, however, on account of the thick gray-whitish
dust, opaque and glaucous. Scutelluni more blue-green, but also
rather thickly covered with gray-whitish dust ; it has two strong
black bristles. The pleurae, which are covered with thick white
dust, have a grayish-green ground-color, only their posterior mar-
gin (epimera metathoracis) is of a yellow color. Abdomen some-
what less stretched out than in the preceding species ; its first
segment yellow, usually with a blackish spot on each side, which
expands more in some specimens, so that the greater portion of
this segment is of a blackish color ; the second segment is also
yellow, has however on each side a large, bright, metallic-green
spot, which /reaches from the posterior almost to the anterior mar-
gin and not unfrequently comes in contact with the opposite spot
and forms a complete baud, so that the anterior margin of this
segment alone remains yellow. The following segments are on
their whole upper side of a very saturate metallic-green coloring
and very shining ; towards the lateral margin the color often
changes more into gold-green, rarely into coppery. Venter yel-
low. The small rounded hypopygium of the male yellow. All
the coxae and the long slender feet pale-yellow ; the stronger hairs
and bristles on the fore coxa3 are fallowish-yellow in the males,
black-brown in the females ; the more delicate hairs are pale-yel-
lowish in both sexes. Tibia3 and tarsi very elongated, especially
the fore and middle tarsi ef the male, the first joint of which is
almost as long as the tibiae and considerably longer than the four
following joints^ together ; in the female, however, the fore and
middle tarsi are less elongated, especially their first joint, though

228 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

they exceed the tibiae in length not 'inconsiderably ; the hind tarsi
are but a little longer than the tibiae, their firs? joint not much
lon<rer than the second. The tibise and tarsi of the hind feet are

O

sparsely beset with very short bristles, which, in the female, dis-
tinctly differ from the usual short hairs, in the male however
scarcely exhibit any difference. The cilia of the whitish tegulae
appear in some directions dark-brown, in others shift into yellow-
ish. Wings hyaline, little tinged with grayish ; the veins brown-
ish ; the long last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is gently
inflected forward and ends rather closely near the end of the third
longitudinal vein.

Hob. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.)

4. S. tenuis, nov. sp. 9. — Dilute fiavescens, fronte, thoracis dorso
praeter limbos laterales, scutelloque prseter marginem ex cinereo vires-
centibus, pleurarum dimidio superiore et metanoto ex glauco ciuereis,
fasciis basalibus segmentorum abdominalium nigris.

Pale-yellowish, the front, the back of the thorax, with the exception of the
lateral margins, and the scutellum with the exception of its margin,
gray-greenish ; the upper half of the pleurae and the metathorax green-
ish-gray ; abdominal segments at the basis with black bands. Long,
corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.14.

Pale-yellowish; the face, very narrow for a female, and the
palpi have the same color ; both are somewhat covered with whitish
dust. Antennnse pale-yellowish, the third joint somewhat infus-
cated. The ground-color of the front is greenish, metallic but
not shining, covered with rather thick white dust, so that the
whole front assumes a pale grayish-green appearance. The
greater part of the upper side of the thorax has a similar, but
somewhat more green coloring ; however, the humeral region, and
in connection with it, a large lateral spot near the transverse
suture, the lateral margin above the root of the wing and the
posterior corners are of a yellowish color. Scutellum grayish-
green with yellowish margin. Almost the whole upper half of
the pleura? is greenish-gray, yet the color of the described speci-
men is not sufficiently matured for a more precise statement about
the extent of this color ; the metathorax is gray. The first ab-
dominal segment is blackish at its basis ; the three following
segments have each on the anterior margin a broad, black band,
which is gradually tapering towards the lateral margin. Feet

4

PSILOPUS. 229

pale-yellow ; tarsi towards the tip only very little darker, but their
small last joint more or less distinctly infuscated, especially that of
the fore tarsi. Cilia of the tegulae whitish. Halteres white-yel-
lowish ; their knob infuscated on its lower half. Wings hyaline,
only a little tinged with grayish ; the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein is only very gently inflected forward from its
middle, is in general somewhat distant from the third longitudinal
vein, and approaches it, especially at its end, less closely than is ,
the case in the preceding species.
Hab. Middle States.

Gen. XLIII. PSILOPUS.

The genus Psilopus can be easily distinguished from the re-
lated genera by its peculiar slender structure, the slenderuess of
its feet, the broad and excavated vertex and the peculiar neuratiou
of its wings. The peculiarity of the neuration consists, besides the
great proximity of the posterior transverse vein to the margin of
the whig, especially in the structure of the fourth longitudinal
vein ; this vein either does not reach the margin of the wing at
all, or becomes extremely thin before it reaches it ; at the same
time it emits anteriorly a robust branch, which bends forward
either in a smooth or in an angular curve and ends in the neigh-
borhood of the third longitudinal vein into the margin of the
wing ; strictly speaking, this anterior branch is the real continua-
tion of the fourth longitudinal vein ; its apparent continuation
beyond the origin of this branch is an adventitious appendage ;
and that- such is really the case, is proved by those exotic species,
.where this appendage is entirely wanting.

The species of Psilopus exhibit in the structure of the head
and of its parts, especially in the antennae, as also in the structure
of the feet, of the wings, and of the male organs of copulation,
numerous plastic differences, which may easily mislead to the for-
mation of smaller genera. The greater part of these characters are
merely ornaments of the males and exclusively specific distinctions,
so as to be of little use for the definition of smaller genera ; this
applies even to the most striking among the other characters, as,
for instance, to the either dorsal or apical position of the arista,
the either very short or very long pubescence of the second joint
of the autennte &c. ; these <ilso afford no sharp limits, and there

230 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

are species, where the two sexes do not agree in these characters.
Mr. Bigot divided the genus Psilopus into the following twelve
smaller genera : Megistostylus, Mesoblepliarus, Agonosoma, Mar-
garito stylus, Oaristylus, Condylo stylus, Eurostomerus, Dasypsi-
lopus, Heteropsilopus, Psilopus, Sciapus, and (Edipsilopus. In
accordance with what I have said above, I cannot adopt these
genera, based in part upon differences in the ornamentation of the
feet in the male, and upon other distinctions of a similar value.
If the genus Psilopus is to be further subdivided, this division
will have to be based upon the observation, that the species of
Psilopus diverge in two directions in their general habitus ; one
of these two sections embraces all our European species, and a
number of similar species, mostly from Northern Asia and North
America, the other section includes the large majority of the extra-
European species. If these two branches are to be raised to in-
dependent genera, then such characters must be found, which can
distinctly separate them from each other. There is no want of
plastic distinctions, which may be used for such a purpose, but
they are so manifold and of such an intricate nature that I believe
to have found a more useful mark of distinction in the color of the
cilia of the tegulae, which in all the species of the first branch
known to me are whitish, in those of the second branch however
black. These characters have been used by me merely for the
establishment of the two subsections of the genus Psilopus.

Although the species of Psilopus are so numerous and appa-
rently resemble each other so much, nevertheless they can be
easily distinguished, if only the necessary attention is paid to the
plastic differences and not merely to the differences in color,
which are often insignificant and more or less inconstant in almost
all the species. The males of the* different species especially can
be easily distinguished, as they are remarkable by peculiarities
in the structure of their antennas, wings and feet, which belong to
their sex only ; they offer, besides, useful marks of distinction in the
anal appendages ; among the females of the smaller species, how-
ever, the distinction becomes sometimes rather difficult. Of the
characters taken from the coloring, the most unreliable are those
taken from the coloring of the head, thorax, and abdomen, espe-
cially in those species, the metallic coloring of which is shifting
between the blue and the green ; a little more available are the
characters based upon the picture of »the wings, if only we do not

PSILOPUS. 231

neglect to observe that this picture, at least in many species,
varies a great deal not only in intensity, but also in extent ; use-
ful and rather reliable are the characters based upon the coloring
of the feet, but of course then only, when the sex is stated, as in a
good many species the feet of the females are much paler than
those of the males.

The genus derives its name (from 4-aoj, slender, and novs, foot)
from the great sleuderuess of the feet, peculiar to all the species.

The species of Psilopus are numerously represented in all parts
of the world.

Say has described several North American species of Psilopus.
Wiedemann has added a few more. His descriptions, even if
judged with leniency, will be found very unsatisfactory, as they
relate merely to differences in color, and often do not even state
to what sex the specimen belonged ; some of them can be applied
to whole series of closely allied species. Mr. Macquart's and Mr.
Walker's descriptions are not much better ; those especially which
the latter published in the Diptera Saundersiana are remarkable
for their entire uselessness, so far that one may be sure not to find
in them precisely those data which are indispensable for the re-
cognition of the species of Psilopus and for their distinction from
each other.

The insufficiency of the existing descriptions renders the deter-
mination of the species very difficult ; generally we reach only
possibilities, sometimes probabilities, very seldom certainty. . As
I am able to identify only a small number of my species with
those which have been described before, I deem it necessary to
give here the results obtained from the comparison of the species
in my possession with the descriptions of the previous authors,
and for this purpose I shall enumerate these descriptions one
after the other.

The species heretofore published are the following : —

1. longicornis Fair. Indigenous to the American islands ; it has been
described by Fabricius, and afterwards again by Wiedemann, from
a specimen in the collection of Fabricius ; the sex was not stated,
but Fabricius's expression " cauda uncinata" shows that it was a
female ; in the description of Wiedemann the following available cha-
racters are found : the face only little dusted with white, the basis
of the abdominal segments black, wings without dark picture, hal
teres yellow, feet black, fore tibiae luteous. These characters agree

232 DIPTERA Or NORTII AMERICA. [PART II.

tolerably well with the two sexes of a species from Cuba, described
below as P. chrysoprasius, although the face of the male of this spe-
cies is distinctly covered with dust and the halteres are blackish
with a dark yellowish-gray knob. But it evidently results from the
statements of Fabricius, that his P. longicornis belongs to those spe-
cies, the arista of which is very elongated and but little shorter thau
the rest of the body. In P. chrysoprasius, on the contrary, the arista
is not even as long as head and thorax together. Thus the latter
species must be considered distinct from that of Fabricius, as long
as their identity has not been proved by the comparison of typical
specimens. In Winthem's collection there is a male specimen,
marked P. longicornis, and designated as Wiedemanu's type ; it is
P. chrysoprasius. As Wiedemann, in the description of P. longi-
cornis, refers only to the specimen from the collection of Fabricius,
it is evident that Winthem's specimen came only later in the pos-
session of Wiedemann, and was probably named by him P. longi-
cornis, after comparison with his own description. This is no proof
at all of the identity of the genuine P. longicornis Fabr. with P.
chrysoprasius. The specimen in the collection of Fabricius can alone
afford light upon this subject.

2. sipho Say. The frequent occurrence of the species described below

under this name, and the characters which result from a compari-
son of Say's and Wiedemann's descriptions, leave me no doubt
about the correctness of my determination. That Say did not dis-
tinguish it from P. sealer, a very closely related, but more rare
species, results from the fact that there are two specimens in Wiede-
mann's collection, namely, a male of P. scaber, and another of P.
sipho, both communicated under the latter name by Say himself.
The name which Say has given belongs naturally to tbe common
species. The species which Macquart (in Dipt. exot. If, 2, 119)
described as P. sipho, is an entirely different species, probably the
one which I described below as P. jucundus, from Cuba ; however,
it may also represent a mixture of several species, as the localities
of its occurrence (Pennsylvania, Cuba, Guyana and Brazil) seem to
indicate.

3. unifasciatus Say. Say describes this species without stating the sex,

Wiedemann as P. Sayi, after a male specimen, obtained from Say.
As there is no sufficient ground for the change in the name of the
species, introduced by Wiedemann, the name given by Say must be
restored. This species certainly belongs to those with pale-colored
cilia of the tegulse. I know three North American species which
answer more or less Say's description with regard to the color of the
body ; in all three only the first joints of the antennae are yellowish,
the third joint, however, brown ; thus all three could not be iden-
tified with P. unifasciatus Say, if his statement, " antennce whitish,"
were to be taken literally, which certainly ought not to be done.

PSILOPUS. 233

The first of my three species is described below as P. psittacinus ;
the male is remarkable by a very uncommon structure of the wings ;
as Wiedemann's description of the male says nothing about such a
structure ; moreover, as neither the dust upon the face, nor the color
of the first abdominal segment, nor that of the feet agrees with the
male of P. psittacinus, it is therefore impossible to identify it with
Say's species. Of P. bicolor, described below, and distinguished by
its slender tarsi, I know only the female ; it is very much smaller
than P. unifasciatus should be, according to Say's and Wiedemann's
statements ; moreover, the wings are not light-yellowish, their veins,
however, dark-brown, the face covered with more dust, and the tarsi
much paler than they should be in the species of Say ; therefore
both cannot be taken for one and the same. The third of my spe^
cies, P. variegatus, of which, however, I possess also only the female,
has tarsi of a darker color than the two preceding species, though
the fore tarsi are not" altogether and the hind tarsi not only at the
tip, black-brownish ; on the contrary, the fore and middle tarsi are
blackish from the extreme tip of the first joint, the hind tarsi, how-
ever, entirely blackish with the only exception of the root of the
first joint ; moreover, the face is very thickly covered with dust, the
color of the wings not yellowish, and the color of the veins of the
wings not dark-brown, so that it would be entirely inadmissible to
declare this species for P. unifasciatus of Say, which therefore can-
not be found among the species known to me. Neither is there any
information about it to be derived from Wiedemann-Winthem's
collection ; there is no specimen in it which bears such a name, nor
is there any other to which the description of P. unifasciatus might
apply.

4. patibulatus Say. Say's description agrees well with a species which

is very common in North America, similar to sipho, but with black
feet and smaller ; it is described below more in detail under Fay's
name. Wiedemann's description is but a translation of Say's de-
scription of this species, which he seems not to have possessed him-
self.

5. femoratus Say. Judging from Say's description we refer this species

into the circle of relationship of P. scobinator, calcaratus, &c. That
this is correct, is confirmed by a statement of Say, which otherwise
would have been rather striking. While he describes (Journ. Acad.
Philad. Ill, 86, 5) the femora as green, and, with the exception of
the hind ones, provided with a pale tip, he speaks (1. c. VI, 168,
11) of one specimen with entirely pale femora. Now the males of
all the species, which belong to the above-mentioned group, have
the femora of precisely the same color as Say first described them,
while the females have entirely pale femora. The species, which
belong here, are distinguished in the male sex by some peculiarities
in the structure of the feet ; as Say's descriptioa does not mention

234 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II,

them, it is impossible to determine which of the competing species he
had before him. Wiedemanu's description of the same species affords
no light ; he does not state the sex of the described specimen, but it
is evident from his statements about the color of the feet, that it
was a male. If this male specimen were still in his collection,
which unfortunately is not the case, the species, which he obtained
from Say as P. femoratus, could be easily determined. Considering
the great similarity of the species belonging to this group, this
would by far not settle the question, whether Say had described as
P. femoratus one of these species, or whether he had mixed it up
with others. I regret to say that in Wiedemann's collection there
are, under the name of P. femoratus, only two females, which, judg-
ing by the pins, came from Say ; one of these females I believe to be
P. scobinator, the other P. caudatulus; considering, however, the
great difficulties attending the distinction of the females of this
group, I cannot render a positive decision. Thus P. femoratus of
Say, as a species, will have to remain unnoticed, as it cannot be
determined with certainty.

6. pallens Wied. This species is easily recognizable as one of those in

my possession. Wiedemann furnishes only the description of the
male ; in the following I communicate the description of both sexes.

7. macula Wied. This is a species entirely unknown to me, and remark-

able by the unusual picture of the wings.

8. diffusus Wied. In Wiedemann's collection there are two totally dif-

ferent males under this name. That which bears the etiquette is
remarkable by the more diluted, as if diffused, picture of the wings,
so that it may be supposed that Wiedemann had this specimen par-
ticularly or exclusively in view when he described and named this
species. I accept this specimen without hesitation as the genuine
P. diffusus Wied. Upon its etiquette the evidently incorrect state-
ment of its patria, " Savannah," is crossed out and changed by
Wiedemann himself into " Rio Janeiro." The other male, placed
alongside of the etiquette, is that of P. jucundus, common in Cuba
as well as in Brazil. In Winthem's collection a male and a female
named P. diffusus are found. The male is the same as the typical
male in Wiedemann's collection. The female, which is alongside
of it, agrees very well in many characters with P. diffusus ^ , shows
however a few differences, such as should not be expected from a
female of P. diffusus. For the outlines of the picture on the wings
are not only better denned, but the blackening on the fore margin
begins only beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein, while in
the male it begins already before it ; besides, the bristles on the fore
and middle tibise are very much longer than in the male of P. dif-
fusus. I should not take this female for that of P. diffusus, if I had
not received a number of precisely similar specimens from Brazil,
as being the females of a male belonging to P. diffusus. For these

PSILOPUS. 235

b

reasons I have no doubt that this is the genuine female of P. dif-
fusus. The specimens of my collection show that the difference in
• the extent of the black coloring on the fore margin of the wings in
both sexes is not always so considerable as the pair in Wiuthem's
collection shows it. If then, in .accordance with the foregoing, the
easily recognizable male of P. dijfusus is to be stricken out from the
list of North American species, I will nevertheless insert here a more
accurate description of this species, which has been only insuffi-
ciently characterized by Wiedemann.

P. diflusus WIED. $ and 9 • — Viridis, nitidissimus, fasciis nigri-
cantibus alarum duabus, valde diffluentibus, antice conjunctis et pos-
tice abbreviatis, facie nuda, pedibus nigris, tibiis tarsisque anticorum
test'aceis, setis tibiarum anteriorum perlongis, halteribus nigris.

£ . Duobus ultimis tarsorum intermediorum articulis postice candido-
pilosis, appemlicibus hypopygii majusculis, fuscis.

9 . Tibiis tarsisque iuterniediis piceis.

Green, very shining ; both blackish bands of the wings very diffused, but
united in front, abbreviated behind ; face without hairs ; feet black,
tibiae and tarsi of the fore feet brownish-yellow ; bristles of the four an-
terior tibise very long ; halteres black.

$. The two last joints of the middle tarsi with snow-white hairs on the
posterior side ; the rather long appendages of the hypopygium blackish-
brown.

9. Middle tibiffi and middle tarsi pitch-brown. Long. corp. 0.22 — 0.23.
Long. al. 0.24—0.25.

SYN. Psilopus dijfusus WIED., Auss. Zweifl. II, 221, 17.

Metallic-green, bright, shining. The lower part of the face,
the posterior corners of the thorax and the scutellum (in one of
the males) steel-blue. The very much^ excavated front beset, be-
sides the usual black bristles, in the male with longer, in the
female with somewhat shorter and more sparse hairs, which are,
on the middle of the front of a whitish, on the sides of a more
blackish, in the male even of an almost black color. The rather
broad face is glabrous and only very sparsely dusted, its lower
part rather distinctly separated from the upper part and the latter
rather convex. Antennas black, rather small, the second joint
with rather long black bristles ; the arista is of more than middling
length, and has a subapical position. Palpi black, with numerous
black hairs ; proboscis brown-black. The bristles of the thorax
and the four bristles of the scutellum are black, and rather long.
Pleurae with white dust. The green color of the abdomen changes

236 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

gradually upon the posterior segments into golden-green, and the
last segment is usually entirely, or at least partially, of a steel-
blue color. In the male there is, near the basis of each of the
abdominal segments, a narrow, but distinct black band ; in the
female these black bands are still narrower and less striking. The
black hair upon the abdomen and the black bristles before the
posterior margin of each of the segments are of considerable
length. The hypopygium is rather small, its appendages are not
sufficiently well preserved in the described male specimens, to re-
cognize their structure accurately ; I perceive only that they are
of middling length, rather broad, of a dusky brown, and at the tip
of a more black color. Coxse black, covered with a thin whitish
dust ; the anterior coxa? with comparatively long white hairs and
towards the tip with a few black bristles. Femora black, on the
under side with long erect hairs, which are white near the basis
and black at the tip, and are much longer in the male than in the
female. Fore tibiae and fore tarsi brownish-yellow, the latter
blackened near the extreme tip ; the fore tibiae have on the upper
side a row of five or six very long black bristles, which is inter-
rupted long before its end, and of which the last one is the longest
and somewhat longer in the female than in the male ; I perceive
in the male on the under side of the fore tibiae, in the neighbor-
hood of the root, a rather long, but very fine bristle ; in the female
this bristle is much shorter, and besides, there are two small bris-
tles inserted at equal distances. The fore tarsi in both sexes are
slender and of a plain structure ; in the male a little over one and
a half, in the female one and a half the length of the tibia ; they
are beset only with the usual black short hair, nevertheless, in the
female, there are on the under side of its very elongated first joint
four very short bristles, inserted at equal distances and wanting
in the male. Middle tibiee and middle tarsi black in the described
male ; dark pitch-brown in the female ; the middle tibiae have, be-
sides the bristles at the tip, four black bristles on the upper side,
which are rather long in the male, but still longer in the female ;
on their under side there is in the male only one long black bris-
tle, which is very near the root ; in. the female there are on the
under side, besides the bristles at the tip, three bristles of conside-
rable length, of which that which is nearest to the root is also the
longest. The middle tarsi are of moderate length, beset only with
the usual black hairs, though there are in both sexes on the under

PSILOPUS. 237

side of the very elongated first joint a few small, very short bris-
tles ; moreover in the male the two last joints, upon their posterior
side, are beset with short, but dense, snow-white hair. Hind tibiae
and hind tarsi black or brown-black ; the usual black hair upon
the former is rather long, especially on the inside in the neighbor-
hood of the basis ; on the outside is a row of black bristles, which
reaches from the basis as far as the middle. Hind tarsi not strong,
much shorter than the tibiae, the first joint longer than the follow-
ing ones taken together. Tegula9 with a black margin and with
black cilia ; the halteres in both sexes brown-black. Wings gray-
ish hyaline, with the usual two blackish transverse bands, which
are very extended and diffused, and as they unite again upon the
fourth longitudinal vein, they enclose an almost square, not sharply
defined, hyaline spot, in the first cell of the posterior margin ; the
dark coloring begins in the male on the anterior margin of the
wing, already before the end of the first longitudinal vein, in the
female somewhat beyond it, and extends in all specimens as far as
the end of the third longitudinal vein. The posterior transverse
vein, which is long and but little inflected, has a very oblique
position ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein forms
with it an angle of scarcely sixty degrees, and turns afterwards at
a very much rounded right angle towards the tip of the wing.
Hob. Brazil.

9. guttula WiecL Of this species there is a well-preserved pair in Wiede-
mann's and another in Wintheni's collection. Wiedemann's state-
ment that this species is from Savannah, is a mistake, corrected by
himself, and replaced on the etiquette by "Rio Janeiro." In Win-
them's collection also, Brazil is mentioned as the locality. There-
fore this species must be stricken out from the list of North American
species. As Wiedemann's description is not sufficient, I give a more
accurate one as follows : —

P. guttula WIED. $ and 9 • — Obscure seneo-viridis, capite, scutello
et thorace postico interdum violaceis, abdomine cupreo, in apice viola-
ceo, in basi plerumque viridi, facie nuda, pedibus simplicibus, obscuris,
alarum fasciis duabus nigris valde dilatatis, antice conjunctis et postice
abbreviatis, in vena longitudinal! quarts, confluentibus, ita ut guttam
hyalinam majusculam includant.

£ . Tibiis obscure piceis, halteribus ex fusco nigris, abdomine nigro-fas-
ciato, appendicibus hypopygii minuti parvis, nigricantibus.

238 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

9 , Tibiis ex flavo testaceis, halteribus flavis, abdornine subobsolete nigro-
fasciato.

Dark bronze-green, head, scutellum and hind part of the thorax sometimes
violet ; abdomen coppery, at the tip violet, at the basis usually green ;
face glabrous, feet plain and dark colored ; the two broad black bands
on the wings are united in front and shortened behind ; on the fourth
longitudinal vein they again run together, so as to enclose a rather large
hyaline drop.

£ . Tibiae dark pitch-brown, halteres brown-black ; abdomen with black
bands ; the small hypopygium with small black appendages.

9 . Tibise yellow-brownish ; halteres yellow ; abdomen with but rather
indistinct blaok bands. Long. corp. 0.18—0.22. Long. al. 0.17 — 0.19.

SYN. Psilopus guttula WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 222, 18.

Of moderately bright, dark- metallic color, which seems to be
chiefly green on head and thorax ; on the abdomen principally
coppery and violet. Head shining green, rarely shining black-
green, though the front is always steel-blue or violet ; on the ver-
tex, besides the usual bristles, it is also beset with black hairs.
The face is not very broad, without hair, and exhibits but a slight
trace of whitish dust. Antennae black, of moderate size ; the bris-
tles of the second joint not very long. Palpi black, beset with a
few stiff black hairs ; proboscis brown-black. Thorax dark metal-
lic green, usually on the lateral margin and sometimes on the
whole posterior half of a violet color. The bristles of the thorax
and the four bristles of the green or violet scutellum are black ;
pleune green, on the posterior margin more black, everywhere
covered with white dust. Abdomen towards the tip, especially
in the male, very pointed ; its color is usually chiefly coppery, at
the tip always violet, near the basis often green ; sometimes the
violet color extends almost over the whole abdomen, but even then
the posterior margins of the fore and middle abdominal segments
remain of a coppery color. In the male each of the abdominal
segments has near the basis a broad, but not sharply defined black
band ; there are also traces of them in the female. The black hair
on the abdomen and the black bristles before the posterior margin
of each segment are but of middling length. The extremely small
hypopygium is black ; its short appendages are blackish. Coxa3
black with thin white dust, the foremost ones with white hair and
in the vicinity-of the tip with a few black bristles. Femora black,
on the under side with rather long erect white little hairs, inter-

PSILOPUS. 239

spersed now and then with a little black hair. Tibia? of the male
brown, near the root black-brown ; the middle tibia? on the out-
side with a regular row of obliquely inserted black bristles ; on the
outside of the fore tibia) there is a row of five or six black bristles,
which does not reach as far as the tip ; the hind tibia? are without
bristles. Tibia? of the female yellow, near the root brown ; the
fore and middle tibia? with a few sparse bristles ; the hind tibia?,
as in the male, without bristles. Tarsi black-brown, those of the
female less dark than those of the male, in both sexes plain ; the
fore tarsi of the male are about 1^ the length of the tibia?, their
first joint is about 1^ the length of the following joints together,
and beset upon the middle of the outside with two black bristles ;
its middle tarsi are not quite H the length of the tibia?, their first
joint is more than 1^ the length of all the other joints together,
and beset with a few black bristles ; its hind tarsi are somewhat
stout, shorter than the hind tibia?, and their first joint not much
longer than all the others together. The fore and middle tarsi of
the female are somewhat shorter than those of the male, and their
first joint is much less elongated ; its hind tarsi are more slender
than those of the male. The tegula? have a black margin, and are
fringed with long black cilia. The halteres of the male are brown-
black, those of the female yellow. Wings hyaline with the usual
two black bands, united on the anterior margin and abbreviated
before the posterior margin ; they expand in a rather unusual
manner, and coalesce again upon the fourth longitudinal vein, so
as to enclose a large drop in the first cell of the posterior margin ;
on the anterior margin the darker coloring begins rather far before
the end of the first longitudinal vein, and does not reach to the end
of the third vein ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal
vein forms an acute angle with it and turns then at a somewhat
rounded angle of about eighty degrees towards the tip of the
wing, pursuing this course in a rather straight line ; the posterior
transverse vein is straight, has, however, a somewhat oblique
position.

Hob. Rio Janeiro. (Coll. Wied. and Winth.)

10. caudatus Wied. Wiedemann's statements seem to prove beyond
doubt, that this species belongs to the relationship of P. scobinator;
among the species of this kind I know but one which, like caudatus,
is distinguished by the extraordinary length of the hairs at the ex-

240 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

treme tip of the male abdomen ; this species, which I have called
P. caudatulus, differs, however, from P. caudatus by its smaller size
too much, to be mistaken for it. In Wiedemann-Winthem's collec-
tion no information whatever is to be found about P. caudatus. In
the Berlin Museum there is a specimen of P. comatus, under the
name of P. caudatus; I cannot, however, acknowledge the correct-
ness of this determination, as "VViedernann distinctly says that the
female of his P. caudatus has no black femora, like the male, but
yellow ones, while this is not the case with P. comatus. The typical
specimen of P. caudatus is in Westermann's collection.

11. virgo Wicd. The description of a female, which also seems to belong

to the circle of relationship of P. scobinator. The statements which
Wiedemaun gives about it are so uncertain, that no conclusion as
to the species to which the. described specimen belonged can be
drawn from them. The size, as stated by Wiedemaun, is more con-
siderable than the size of the females of all the species of this rela-
tionship that are known to me. The typical specimen is not to be
found in Wiedemann's collection, so that a satisfactory solution as
to this species is probably never to be expected. .

12. mundus Wied. Of this species there are two males in Winthem's
» collection, marked as Wiedemanu's types. Had I known them be-
fore I published the Eighth Part of the " Neue Beitriige," I should
not have ventured to describe in that volume P. cilintus as a species
different from P. mundus. Certainly both specimens in Winthem's
collection are very much smaller than the male, which was the type
of my description of P. ciliatus, and their coloring is darker and
more distinctly violet ; but in all the plastic characters there is
much similitude between them and the male, which I have de-
scribed. The only plastic difference, which I can discover, is the
following: in P. mundus there is, besides the row of bristles on the
outside of the fore tibise, also a second row, placed further towards
the inside, and which is tolerably complete ; in P. ciliatus this
second row is also present, but it is as complete as in P. mundus
only in the vicinity of the root of the tibise, further on it is (appa-
rently) more incomplete ; however, no accurate judgment can be
based on a single specimen, and moreover the difference is so trifling,
when compared to the great conformity in the extraordinary struc-
ture of the wings and of the fore tarsi, that too much stress is not
to be laid upon it. As the name " ciliatus" has already been be-
stowed upon this species, I may be permitted to retain it, until the
identity of the species, so named, with P. mundus has been more
positively established. A separate description of the latter is unne-
cessary, as no mistake can occur if a proper attention is paid to the
description of P. ciliatus, as well as to what has just been said
about these species.

13. radians Macq. First described in the " Suites d Buffon ;" the same

PSILOPUS. 241

description is found in the Diptercs exotiqites II, 2, 122, only in the
latter it is said "jambes POSTEKIEUKES <t intermediaires jaitndtres," in-
stead of "jambes AKTERIEUKES et intermediaires jaundtres." That this
is merely a misprint, is ^evident from what Mr. Macquart says in
Dipt. exot. II, 2, 123, at the top of the page. All the characters
stated by Mr. Macquart are also those of P. longicornis Fabr., so
that Macquart's species cannot be distinguished from it.

14. portoricensis Macq. A very incomplete description of a female first

given in the " Suites & Buff on" and then repeated in the Dipteres
exotiques, II, 2, 121. Mr. Macquart again mentions this species in
Dipt. exot. Suppl. I, 120, and furnishes there a figure of the wing
(tab. xi, fig. 17). The only character contained in the description
and which may lead at once to the recognition of this species, is the
pubescence at the basis of the arista ; another character of this kind
may perhaps be found in Macquart's figure of the wing, where the
anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is closely approxi-
mated to the margin of the wing. I know of no species possessing
these characters.

15. sipho Macq. I have already remarked that the species, which Mr.

Macquart has described under this name, is quite different from the
genuine sipho Say, and probably identical with P. jucundus, with
which it will have to be united as a synonym.

16. incisuralis Macq. The description (Dipt. exot. Suppl. I, 120) has

been drawn from a female ; in an observation, however, Mr. Mac-
quart declares that he possesses a male belonging to this female;
the characters, however, which he furnishes render it very doubtful
that they belong together. I therefore take into account the de-
scription of the female only. It belongs to the group of species
which resemble by the picture of their wings P. diffusus, superln
&c., but does not seem to be identical with any of these species ; it
has also some resemblance with a female in my collection, from
Brazil, which Wiedemann himself had determined as P. guttula,
but which, nevertheless, does not belong to this species ; however
the band on the wing is much broader and connected with the spot
near the tip of the wing not only at the anterior margin, as it is in
the other species, but also upon the fourth longitudinal vein.
Therefore incisuralis seems to be an unknown, but independent
species.

17. delicatus Walk. A female, evidently belonging to the species 4with

pale cilia of the tegulae. None of the species, known to me, com-
bines pale-colored two first joints of the antenna with a green-colored
abdomen, except P.Jilipes Lw. ; this species, however, has a whitish
and therefore very striking pubescence of the abdomen. Hence
delicatus Walk, is not among the species known to me.

18. gemmifer Walk. The specimen described is a male. In the descrip-

tion no difference can be discovered between it and sipho Say, so
16

242 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

that we are induced to take it for a specimen of the latter with a
but little developed picture of the wings, unless much stress is laid
upon the circumstance, that Walker calls the appendages of the
hypopygium "dark pitchy," while tfiey are of a brown-black color,
even in specimens the color of which is but little developed.

19. chrysoprasi Walk. Described without statement of the sex. The

description agrees tolerably well with a species from Cuba, only the
statement about the color of the feet does not agree entirely.
Nevertheless I believe it to be the species of Walker; I have de-
scribed it below with the necessary change of its name in P. chryso-
prasius.

20. suavium Walk. Described, without stating the sex, evidently a spe-

cies with black feet, which belongs to the relationship of patibulatus
Say ; the description contains no characters which would assist in
determining this species.

21. amatus Walk. Male and female. The remarkable statement, that

the abdominal segments of4he male have black bands on their pos-
terior margin, agrees with no species known to me, and probably
with no species of Psilopus whatever, because the black abdominal
bands, apparent in so many species, are always found on the ante-
rior margin of the segments. Mr. Walker means, perhaps, the nar-
row margins on the posterior border of each segment, which, when
seen in a certain light, have a black appearance ; or he may have
simply made a mistake in stating " posterior margin" instead of
"anterior margin." Besides this doubtful statement, all the rest
agrees so well with specimens of patibulatus, with faded outlines of
the picture of the wings, that amatus Walk, must be taken for a
synonym of this species, until more satisfactory marks of distinc-
tion to separate it from patibulatus are found.

'22. inficitus Walk. Mr. Walker makes no statement about the sex of
the specimen ; as however in the group to which this species belongs,
the halteres of the males are usually black, and those of the females
are usually yellow, we may conclude that it was a male. This
being admitted, its description contains no character whereby infi-
citus could be distinguished from dark-colored males of patibulatus,
and therefore it must be placed at present among its synonyms.

23. nigrofemoratus Walk. Described without statement of the sex,
probably after a male related to scobinator. One variety, /?, is said
to be distinguished by the tip of the femora and the whole tibiae
being yellow. It is easy to perceive that this is no variety, but a
different species, and probably the male of inermis, which will be
described further below. As in this species the tips of the fore and
middle femora only are yellow, therefore the femora of nigrofemora-
tus Walk., in conformity with its description, must be of an entirely
dark color; thus nigrofemoratus cannot be mistaken neither for
scobinator, nor calcaratus, nor caudatns, the femora of which are pre-

PSILOPUS. 243

cisely of the same color as those of inermis. I cannot therefore re-
cognize this species of Walker in any of the species known to me.

24. albicoxa Walk. Male and female. Of the species known to me,

only P. scintillans approaches this species. Walker says of his
species that the fore and middle tarsi are black only at the tip, the
I hind tarsi, however, entirely black with the exception of the first

joint. In my species all the tarsi are of a uniform color, namely,
yellow near the root, but from the tip of the first joint black-brown.
I cannot therefore take scintillans for Walker's albicoxa, and the
more so, as Walker's description contains no statements about any
plastic distinctions, which might serve as a clue to determination,
while scintillans possesses so remarkable and so striking plastic
characters.

25. lepidus Walk. The described male seems to belong to a species very

nearly related to patibulatus, or to be this very species. After
Walker's description nothing more can be said about it.
26^ ungulivena Walk. The description agrees with none of the species
known to me.

27. solidus Walk. The description of the female of a species with en-

tirely black feet, from the relationship of patibulatus, which seems
to be distinguished from all similar species by a more robust struc-
ture of the body. The description, however, contains nothing which
would make it possible to determine this species with more cer-
tainty.

28. peractus Walk. A female from the relationship of P. longicornis and

chrysoprasius. The characters stated are insufficient for its deter-
mination.

29. hasreticus Walk, A female from the relationship of the preceding

species and similar to it, also described -in a very unsatisfactory
manner.

30. permodicus Walk. The male of a species remarkable by the slen-

derness of its body, and which Mr. Walker attempts to describe in
three lines and a half. I know of no species to which his descrip-
tion might be referred.

Thus, the scanty result of the inquiries attempted on the pre-
viously published thirty North American species is the following :
Two species, diffusus Wied. and guttula Wied., must be stricken
out from the list of North American species. Of the other species
I recognize five among those in my possession, namely, sipho Say,
patibulatus Say, pallens Wied., and chrysoprasiWa\k. ; the first
three are reproduced below under the same names, the last one as
chrysoprasius. There is a species which, very probably, is the
same with one described by me as new, namely, tjiundus Wied.

244 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

with ciliatus. Five species have to be recorded as synonyms of
others ; these are radians Macq., as a synonym of longicornis
Fab., sipho Macq. of jucundus Loew, fyemmifer Walk, of sipho
Say, amatus Walk, of 2)at'ibulatus Say, and inficitus Walker,
likewise of patibulatus Say.

Table for the determination of the Species.

. ( Tegulse with, black cilia.
I Tegulse with pale cilia. 15

„ ( Wings with a darker picture.

( Wings without picture. 9

' Wings black, hyaline only at the tip and the hind margin.

1 dimidiatus Lw.

O I

Wings hyaline, with two black fasciae connected on the anterior mar-
gin. 4

i Feet of the £ predominantly yellow. 5

( Feet of the $ predominantly black. 6

f First joint of the middle tarsi of the $ with a few ordinary bristles
upon the anterior side. 2 sipho Say.

First joint of the middle tarsi of the £ closely ciliated with short
erect bristles on the anterior side. 3 scaber Lw.

t Face hairy. 4 patibulatus Say.

\ Face without hairs. 7

,_ ( Feet in both sexes entirely black. 5 melampus Lw.

( Feet in both sexes not entirely black. 8

Middle tibiae and first joint of the middle tarsi of the £ ciliated on
the upper side. 6 pilosus Lw.

Middle tibise and first joint of the middle tarsi not ciliated on the
upper side in the £ . 7 jucundus Lw.

First longitudinal vein much prolonged beyond the middle of the
wing. 8 ciliatus Lw.

First longitudinal vein reaching at the utmost as far as the middle of
the wing. 10

r Arista extremely elongated, apparently apical. 9 comatus Lw.

\ Arista not very elongated, distinctly dorsal. 11

f Fore tibiae of the $ , fore and middle tibiae of the 9 j yellow.

11 1 10 chrysoprasius Walk.
(• All tibiae of the £ , in the 9 also the femora, yellow. 12
/•The first joint of the middle tarsi of the $ beset with crooked bris-

12 J ties. 13
( The first joint of the middle tarsi of the % plain. 14
f Tip of the abdomen of the $ with moderately long hairs.

11 scobinator Lw.

i

I Tip of the abdomen of the $ with exceedingly long hairs.

12 caudatulus Lw.

13

PSILOPUS. 245

- e Middle tibiae of the % with strikingly long spurs. 13 calcaratus Lw.

\ Middle tibiae of the £ without long spurs. 14 inermis Lw.

,,( Antennae entirely black* 15 scintillans Lw.

\ Two first joints of the antennae yellowish. 16

, fi ( Fore femora without thorn-like bristles upon the under side. 17

( Fore femora with yellowish thorn-like bristles upon the under side. 20
, « ( Abdomen at the basis not yellow. 16 pallens Wied.

I Abdomen at the basis yellow [not metallic]. 18

, o ( Tarsi for the most part, black. 17 variegatus Lw.

I Tarsi but little infuscated towards the tip. 19

, n ( All the coxae entirely yellow. 18 bicolor Lw.

\ Middle coxae gray with yellow tip. 19 psittacinus Lw.

an ( All the coxae entirely yellow. 20 tener Lw.

\ Middle and hind coxae blackish. 21 filipes Lw.

Systematic arrangement of the Species,

I. Tegulse with black cilia. .

A. Wings with a dark picture.

A. Wings black, only the tip and the hind margin hyaline.

1. dimidiatus Lw.

B. Wings hyaline with two fasciae connected at the anterior mar-

gin.

2. sipho Say. 5. melampus Lw.

3. scaber Lw. 6. pilosus Lw.

4. patibulatus Say. 7. jucundus Lw.

B. Wings without dark picture.

A. First longitudinal vein reaching far beyond the middle of the

wing.

8. ciliatus Lw.

B. First longitudinal vein reaching at the utmost but to the mid-

dle of the wing.

1. Arista apparently apical and remarkably elongated.

9. comatus Lw.

2. Arista distinctly dorsal and not remarkably elongated.

a. In the £ only the fore tibiae, in the j also the middle

tibiae, yellow.

10. chrysoprasiua Walk.

b. In the £ all tibiae, in the 9 algo all femora, yellow.

11. scobinator Lw. 13. calcaratus Lw.

12. caudatulus Lw. 14. inermis Lw.

246 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

II. Tegulse with pale cilia.

A. Antennae entirely black. 9

15. scintillans Lw.

B. The two first joints of the antennae pale.

A. Fore femora in both sexes, or at least in the £ , without yellow

thorn-like bristles upon the under side.

1. Abdomen at the basis not yellow.

16. pallens Wied.

2. Abdomen at the basis yellow, not metallic.

a. Tarsi for the most part black.

17. variegatus Lw.

b. Tarsi towards the end but little infuscated.

a. All the coxes entirely yellow.

18. bicolor Lw.

8. Middle co~s.es gray with yellow tip.

19. psittacinus Lw.

B. Fore femora in both sexes with yellow thorn-like bristles upon

the under side.

1. All the cox33 entirely yellow.

20. tener Lw.

2. Middle and hind coxae blackish.

21. filipes Lw.

Description of the Species.

I. TEGUL^E CILIATED WITH BLACK.

A. Wings with a black picture.
A. Wings black, only the tip and the hind margin hyaline.

1. P. dimidiatus LOEW. $ . — Nitidissimus, capite thoraceque vio-
laceis, abdomine viridi ; pedes simplices, graciles, femoribus nigris, tibiis
flavis, tarsis fuscis ; alse ex fusco nigrse, triente apicali et margine pos-
tico hyalinis.

Very shining ; head and thorax purplish-blue, abdomen green ; feet plain
and slender with black femora, yellow tibiae and brown tarsi ; wings
brownish-black, the last third and the hind margin hyaline. Long.
corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.19.

SYN. Psilopus dimidiatus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, 216, 70.

PSILOPUS. 247

Head purplish-blue ; the front has, besides the ordinary black
bristles, no pubescence ; the naked face is rather densely covered
with whitish dust. The small antenna? are black ; their second
joint is beset with only a few short bristles ; the arista is of
medium size only and has a dorsal position. Proboscis, brownish-
yellow ; palpi, blackish-brown. The coloring of the thorax is
purplish-blue, shining, but changes upon its posterior half into
steel-blue, and before the scutellum even into a bluish-green.
Scntellum greenish-blue. Pleurae black with a greenish reflec-
tion, dusted with white. Abdomen metallic-green, shining ; the
bristles of the single segments before the hind margin are but of
medium length. The hypopygiurn is small ; the form and color-
ing of its appendages cannot be distinguished with certainty in
the described specimen, still the size of the appendages seems to
be but small. Coxa? brownish-black, dusted with white, the fore-
most with minute whitish hairs and bristles. The slender, rather
glabrous femora are brownish-black, but at the extreme tip, yel-
low ; the yellow tibiae are slender, beset with very short black
hairs, which are somewhat more erect on the middle tibia?. Tarsi
plain, slender, brown, somewhat more brownish-yellow towards
the basis ; the four anterior ones are much longer than the tibiae,
and their first joint much longer than the four following joints
taken together ; the hind ones are hardly of the same length with
the tibia?, but their first joint is likewise perceptibly longer than
the four "folio wing joints taken together. Tegulae bordered and
ciliated with black. Wings brownish-black, the last third, the
hind margin, and the greatest part of the anal angle grayish-
hyaline ; the fore margin of the wing is fringed, almost ciliated,
with comparatively long, minute hairs ; the hind transverse vein
has a very oblique position.

Hob. Mexico. (Collect. Winthem.)

B. Wings hyaline with two black bands connected on the anterior margin.

2. P. siplio SAY. £ and £. — Chalybeus vel viridis, rarius aureo-
vmdis, nitidissimus, alarum fasciis duabus nigricantibus, antice con-
junctis et postice abbreviatis, facie nuda, pedibus in iitroque sexu flavis,
maris metatarsis interinediis non ciliatis.

Steel-blue or green, seldom golden-green, very shining ; wings with two
blackish bauds, connected in front and abbreviated behind ; face with-
out hairs ; feet yellow in both sexes ; the first joint of the middle tarsi of
the £ not ciliated. Long. corp. 0.21—0.24. Long. al. 0.22—0.24.

248 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II

SYN. Dolichopus sipho SAY. Journ. Ac. Philad. Ill, 34,1.
Psilopus sipho WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 218, 9.
Psilopus gemmifer WALKEK, List, III, 646.
Psilopus sipho LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 83, 1.

Saturate green, often bluish-green, steel or even purplish-blue,
seldom gold-green, always very shining. Face without hairs, its
upper part but little convex and separated from the lower part by
a shallow impression. Proboscis brownish-yellow. Antennas
black; the pubescence of the second joint only of moderate
length ; third joint rounded ; arista distinctly dorsal ; not par-
ticularly long. Abdomen with black transverse fasciae on the
fore margin of the segments, which are so narrow in the 9 , that
they are entirely concealed beneath the hind margin of the pre-
vious segment ; in the J1 the hind segments of the abdomen are
often gold-green ; the same is sometimes also the case in the 9 ,
where this gold-green color sometimes also reaches the anterior
segments of the abdomen. The pubescence of the abdomen is
generally black, in the male it is whitish upon the first segment,
on the basis of the second and of the third segments, and on the
anterior half of the lateral margin ; in the 9 , the pubescence of
which is in general shorter, minute whitish hairs are to be found
only upon the first segment and on the anterior part of the lateral
margin, which hairs are less perceptible than in the J*. The black
bristles before the hind margin of the segments of the abdomen are
only of a moderate length. Hypopygium small, black ; lamellos
small, black or brownish-black, ciliated with black. Fore coxas
yellowish, with a delicate white pubescence and a few black bristles
near their tip. Middle and hind coxte, including the trochanter,
dark. Feet yellowish ; all the femora are beset with delicate,
minute whitish hairs upon the under side, which are distinctly longer
in the J1 than in the 9 ; the fore femora have a row of four to five
black bristles upon the hind side ; on the middle and hind femora a
few thorn-like minute black hairs are to be found upon the hind side,
as well as upon the anterior side before the tip. Fore tibiae entirely
yellow ; in both sexes, three small bristles are generally to be found
upon the upper side ; and whilst there are likewise but three upon
their outside in the 9 , in the £ , about six much longer bristles are
usually extant. The fore tarsi are yellow at the basis, but be-
come black already before the end of the first joint ; in the J1 thoy

PSILOPUS. 249

are once and a half the length of the tibiae, in the 9 only about
once and a third ; their first joint is very elongated, so that it is
much longer than the remaining joints taken together; besides the
usual short pubescence, which is much longer upon the hind side in
the g than in the 9, it has a few small black bristles upon the under
side. Middle tibia? in the 9 with but a few black bristles upon
the upper and front side ; in the J* besides with a row of erect
bristles inserted almost on the under side and running from the
base to the tip. Middle tarsi of the same coloring as the fore
tarsi, still the black coloring begins generally somewhat earlier in
the J* ; they are about once and a half the length of the tibise ;
the first joint alone is not much shorter than the tibia and nearly
1^ the length of the following joints taken together ; beside the
usual minute hairs, it has upon the under side about seven short
black bristles, upon the anterior side one or two somewhat longer
ones ; the middle tarsi of the 9 are of the same structure, but some-
what shorter, and the small bristles on their first joint are smaller.
Hind tibia3 at the extreme tip black, with the ordinary pubescence,
upon the outside with three or four bristles ; hind tarsi shorter
than the hind tibia?, entirely black, the first joint once and a half
the length of all the following taken together, which are of a gra-
dually decreasing length. The small tegulo? with black border and
with long black cilia. Halteres yellowish ; the basis of the peduncle
blackish. Wings hyaline ; costa with the usual short pubescence ;
the black picture not very extended ; the two blackish bands
have no connection behind the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first
band is not seldom interrupted immediately . before the fourth
longitudinal vein, and the second is never extended as far as the
apex. Hind transverse vein moderately oblique, somewhat
sinuated ; the basis of the anterior branch of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein is nearly twice nearer to the margin of the wing than
the hind transverse vein. This branch has, at its origin, a some-
what recurrent direction, and turns from there towards the mar-
gin at a right angle, which is rounded at the tip ; it reaches the
margin somewhat before the apex in the immediate proximity of
the tip of the third longitudinal vein.

Hob. Pennsylvania, Georgia, Virginia, Illinois, etc.

Observation 1. — I possess a J1, which is distinguished from all
others, the row of bristles, peculiar to the sex, upon the lower
part of the front side of the middle tibia? being much closer, and

250 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

being also prolonged over the first joint of the tarsi, where the
bristles are much shorter, and there are about ten bristles in all.
As, in other respects, this specimen agrees perfectly with the
others, arid as the row of bristles in question seems liable to vary
as to its closeness, I take this specimen for a variety of P. sipho.

Observation 2.. — It has already been noticed above, that the
species described as P. sipho by Macquart, is not synonymous
with the present one. Walker, in the List of Dipt., has also a
P. sipho, but as he quotes Macquart's P. sipho among the syno-
nyms, and as his own P. gemmifer seems to be nothing else but
the P. sipho Say, it becomes very doubtful whether the P. sipho
of the List of Dipt, is identical with Say's species ; this is the
reason why it has been omitted in the synonymy. By all means,
as Mr. Walker does not describe his species, it is a matter of
indifference what he may have meant by it.

Observation 3. — The Imperial Museum in Vienna contains two
specimens of P.- sipho Say, marked as being from New Holland.
As there are also two specimens of P. pollens with a similar
habitat, one is justified in supposing that these indications are
erroneous.

3. P. scalier LOEW. £ . — Chalybeus vel viridis, nitidissimus, alarum
fasciis duabus nigricautibus, antice conjunctis et postice abbreviatis,
facie nuda, pedibus in utroque sexu flavis, tarsorum interrnediorum maris
articulo primo in latere anteriore pilis minutis erectis coni'ertim ciliato.

Steel-blue or green, very shining ; wings with two blackish bands, which,
are connected in front and abbreviated behind ; face without hairs ; feet
yellow in both sexes, the first joint of the middle tarsi of the £ closely
ciliated upon the front side with short, erect, minute hairs. Long. corp.
0.24. Long. al. 0.24.

SYN. Psilopus sealer LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 85, 2.

This species is strikingly like P. sipho, but it cannot be taken
for its variety in consequence of the structure of the middle tarsi.
The above mentioned row of bristles, which the J* of P.^sipho has
upon the front side of the middle tibite, exists also in P. scaber,
but is more sparse ; towards the end of the tibia3, it is interrupted,
as it evidently appears, not in consequence of the loss of some
single bristles. The first joint of the middle tarsi has no bristles
whatever upon the front side; instead of that, there are some quite
short, stiff, erect, minute hairs of a blackish color, which form a

PSILOPUS. 251

rery rough fringe ; towards the end of the joint they are decreasing
in length, and can hardly be distinguished at the end. The hind
tarsi of the only specimen which I possess, seem to be somewhat -
shorter than those of a male of P. sipho of the same size. In all
other characters the agreement is complete.
Hab. Pennsylvania. (Von Heyden.)

4. P. patilmlatus SAY. £ and 9 . — Obscure viridis, nitidus, alarum
fasciis duabus nigris, antice conjunctis et postice abbreviatia, facie
pilosa, pedibus nigris.

£ . Halteribus nigris, primo tarsorum anticorum articulo elongate et api-
cem versus in latere exteriore setis nigris armato, articulis duobus
- sequentibus brevissimis.
9 . Halterum capitulo flavo.

Dark-green, shining ; wings with two black bands, which are connected

in front and shortened behind ; face hairy ; feet black.
£ . Halteres black, the first joint of the fore tarsi elongated, and towards

the tip, upon the outside, beset with black bristles, the two following

joints extremely short.
9 . Knob of the halteres yellow. Long. corp. 0.20—0.23. Long. al. 0.20

—0.23.

SYN. Dolichopus patibulatus SAY, Journ. Ac. Philad. Ill, 87, 7.
Psilopus patibulatus SAY, Journ. Ac. Philad. VI, 168, 2.
Psilopus patibulatus WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 225, 27.
Psilopus amatus WALKEK, List, etc. Ill, 648.
Psilopus inficitus WALKER, List, etc. Ill, 649.
Psilopus patibulatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 85, 3.

Male. Bright, shining, dark-green, often steel-blue, particu-
larly the head, the posterior part of the thorax, the scutellum and
also the front and hind segments of the abdomen. Proboscis and
palpi black. Face beset with long whitish or pale fallow-yellow-
ish hairs, but little dusted. Second joint of the antennae with
rather long bristles, the third joint small and rather rounded.
Arista distinctly dorsal, of moderate length. Front at the upper
eye-corner with a long, black pubescence. Upper side of the thorax
and the scutellum with long black bristles. Pleura? black with a
green reflection and slightly dusted with white, which gives them
, a somewhat grayish appearance. Abdomen shining green, the
first segments often, the two last generally, purplish-blue ; on the
anterior margin of the single segments there are black, not very

252 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

sharply limited transverse bands, which are broader upon the
hind segments than upon }he anterior ones. Pubescence of the
abdomen black, whitish only on the anterior part of the lateral;
margin and of the venter ; the black bristles before the hind mar-
gin of the single segments are of a considerable, but not striking
length. The small hypopygium is black with small black larnellos.
Coxss and feet black, the fore tibiee only in immature specimens
brownish-black ; fore coxas and all femora with a green reflection,
the fore coxa? have a rather conspicuous white pubescence, among
which are inserted some black bristles ; on the under side of the
femora there is a long erect pubescence, which has only very near
their tip a black, otherwise everywhere a whitish coloring. Tibise,
besides the usual short black pubescence, with a moderate number%
of black bristles, which may be easily overlooked on the hind tibios,
as they are rather short and to be found only upon their outside.
First joint of the fore tarsi extremely elongated, about as long as
the tibiae and nearly twice the length of the four following joints
taken together ; upon the outside, towards the tip, fringed with
black bristles ; the second and third joints are of equal length, both
yery short, taken together only as long as the fourth joint ; the
fifth joint distinctly shorter than the fourth, but longer than the
second and third taken singly. Middle tarsi plain, their first
joint nearly as long as the tibia and at least If times the length
of the four following joints taken together ; upon the front side
with a short and delicate fringe-like pubescence of a black color ;
the following joints of a gradually decreasing length. Hind tarsi
considerably shorter than the tibiae, their first joint hardly once and
a half the length of the four following taken together, which gra-
dually decrease in length and are not thickened. Halteres black-
ish-brown, sometimes more pale dingy-yellow. Tegulas with a broad
black margin and with long black cilia. Wings hyaline with the
usual siphon-like black picture, both bands, which form this pic-
ture, are perpendicular, broad, always connected on the fore mar-
gin, and generally upon the fourth longitudinal vein, abbreviated
before the hind margin ; the first longitudinal vein reaches nearly
to the middle of the fore margin ; the anterior branch of the
fourth longitudinal vein diverges from it at an angle of 70 to 80° t
and turns afterwards at a rounded right angle towards the mar-
gin, which it reaches before the extreme apex, near the tip of the

PSILOPUS. 253

third longitudinal vein ; the hind transverse vein somewhat oblique,
not distinctly sinuated.

Female. It resembles the J* in the coloring of the body and
the feet, as also in the neuration and the picture of the wings. Its
face has a much denser white dust. The bristles on the second
joint of the autenute are considerably shorter, the bristles upon
thorax and scutellum are likewise of a lesser length and those
before the incisures of the abdomen still much shorter than in the
J1 . The black -bands of the abdomen are not apparent when the
latter is not more stretched out than usual ; still the narrow,
sharply limited hind margins of the segments appear rather black
in a certain light. Feet plain ; pubescence and bristles of the
femora and tibia? as in the g , but shorter. Tarsi shorter than in
the <£ ; fore tarsi at least once and a third the length of the tibia?,
the first joint about once and a half the length of the four follow-
ing, which are of a decreasing length ; upon its outside without
bristles. Middle tarsi distinctly longer than the tibia?, their first
joint about 1^ the length of the four following taken together;
hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibia? ; their first joint but
little longer than the four following taken together, the length of
which diminishes rather rapidly. Peduncle of the halteres brown-
ish-black, knob yellow.

Hab. Chicago, Nebraska, etc. [Common everywhere in the
Middle States, 0. S.]

Observation. — Say mentions the occurrence of P. patibidatu*
in Mexico. The specimens seen by him may perhaps belong to
the following species, which is frequent in Mexico, and he may
have been mistaken about their identity with his P. patibulatus.

5. P. melampus LOEW. £ and 9. — Viridis, saepe ex chalybeo

viridis, nitidus, facie nuda, alarum fasciis duabus nigricantibus, antice

conjuuctis et postice abbreviates, pedibus totis nigris.
£ . Abdomine fasciis aequalibus nigris ornato, halteribus ex fusco nigris,

primo tarsorum anticorum articulo setis nigris armato, articulis sequen-

tibus duobus non abbreviatis.
9 • Fasciis nigris abdominis angustis, subobsoletis, halterum capitulo flavo.

Green, often bluish-green, shining, face without hairs ; the two blackish
« bands of the wing connected in front and shortened behind ; feet entirely

black.
£ . Abdomen with black bands of equal breadth ; halteres brownish black ;

254 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the first joint of the fore tarsi beset with black bristles, the two follow-
ing not shortened.

J. The black bands of the*abdomen narrow and rather indistinct ; the
knob of the halteres yellow. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.22. Long. al. 0.21 —
0.23.

SYN. Psilopus melampus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Monatschr. VI, 215, 69.

Male. Shining metallic-green, sometimes partly bluish-green,
the posterior part of the abdomen generally steel-blue. Proboscis
and palpi black. Face rather closely dusted with white, but with-
out hairs. Antenna black ; the second joint with numerous and
long black bristles. Arista distinctly dorsal, of a more than
moderate length. Front, besides the usual bristles, with a deli-
cate pubescence, which has near the upper corner of the eye a
black, towards the middle of the front a nearly whitish coloring.
Upper side of the thorax and the scutellum with long black
bristles. Pleuras with a greenish reflection and dusted with white.
Abdomen shining green, the anterior segments often, the hindmost
usually, steel-blue ; on the anterior margin of the single segments
there are sharply denned transverse bands, which are broader upon
the hind segments. Pubescence of the abdomen black, only on the
anterior portions of the lateral margin and of the venter, whitish ;
the black bristles before the hind margin of the single segments
are of a considerable, but not striking length. The small black
hypopygium has small black lamellae. Coxae and feet black ; fore
coxae and all the femora with a bluish-green or blue reflection.
Fore coxae with a considerable whitish pubescence, among which
there are some black bristles. Upon the under side of the femora
there is a long erect pubescence which is whitish only very near
the basis, otherwise black. Fore tibias upon the outside with a
row of four, or at most five, long black bristles ; the last of which
is inserted at some distance from the tip of the tibiae ; upon the
upper side with three or four quite short bristles, which may be
easily overlooked. The pubescence of the middle tibiae is some-
what more erect than that of the fore and hind tibiae, and upon
the upper side, especially towards the basis, longer ; upon the
upper side there are four or five longer bristles, the last of which
is inserted at a considerable distance from the tip of the tibiae ;
upon the under side are four or five shorter bristles at equal dis-
tances. The hind tibiae have, besides the usual pubescence, upon
their outside about six bristles at equal intervals. The rather

PSILOPUS. 255

slender fore tarsi about once and a half the length of the tibiae ;
their first joint is much longer than the following taken together,
and is fringed upon its outside with 'six or seven long bristles,
inserted somewhat closer towards its tip ; the four last joints of
the fore tarsi are of a gradually decreasing length and of an en-
tirely plain structure. Middle tarsi plain, about once and a third
the length of the tibias, their first joint about 1^ the length of
the following taken together. It has upon its front and upper side
an exceedingly short and therefore not quite easily perceptible
fringe-like black pubescence. Hind tarsi shorter than the hind
tibiae, the fourth joint about l£ the length of the following
taken together. Halteres brownish-black. Tegulee with a very
broad black margin and with long black cilia. Wings hyaline
with the usual siphon-like picture, both bands forming this pic-
ture are perpendicular, generally of only middle breadth, always
connected on the fore margin, sometimes also upon the fourth
longitudinal vein ; abbreviated before the hind margin of the
wings. The first longitudinal vein reaches somewhat beyond the
middle of the anterior margin ; the anterior branch of the fourth
longitudinal rein diverges at an angle of about 10°, and turns
afterwards at a somewhat rounded right angle towards the mar-
gin, which it reaches before the extreme apex, near the tip of the
third longitudinal vein ; the hind transverse vein rather oblique,
only little sinuated.

Female. It resembles the g in the coloring of the body and of
the feet, as also in the neuration, and the picture of the wings. The
glabrous face is dusted somewhat closer ; the bristles on the second
joint of the antennae are distinctly shorter, as in the other species ;
the bristles upon the thorax and scutellum are shorter, and those
before the posterior margin of the abdomen much shorter than in
the male. There is only a vestige of a black band on the basis of the
segments of the abdomen. Feet plain. Pubescence upon the
under side of the femora much shorter than in the male. Fore tibia?
upon the upper side generally with only two short bristles, upon the
outside with three, but little longer ones. Hairs on the middle
tibiae not longer than usual ; upon their upper side there are
generally only t\iree black bristles, two near the basis and one
beyond the middle ; upon the under side there are generally four
small bristles at equal intervals. Hind tibiae as in the J* . Tarsi
shorter, plain ; the first joint of the fore tarsi without bristles

256 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

upon the outside. Halteres with blackish peduncle and yellow
knob.

Hob. Mexico.

Observation 1. — This species varies somewhat in the extension
of the bands on the wings, still they are never as broad as in P.
patibulatus, but sometimes interrupted between the third and
fourth longitudinal veins.

Observation 2. — I was in possession of the £ of this species a
long time ago, but although convinced of its specific distinctness
(vid. Neue Beitr., VIII, 86), I would not describe it without the
male. It is easily distinguished in both sexes from P. patibulatus,
with which, among- the species known to me, it has the closest re-
semblance, by its glabrous face, and besides, in the male, by the
different structure of the fore tarsi. I presume that Say has con-
founded this Mexican species with his P. patibulaius, of which he
says he has seen Mexican specimens.

6. P. pilosus LOEW. $ . — Ex chalybeo viridis, nitidus, abdomine
fasciis aequalibus nigris ornato, alarum fasciis duabus nigricantibus,
antice conjunctis et postice abbreviatis, facie nuda (?), pedibus nigris,
tibiis anticis tarsorumque intermedioruin articulo priino testaceis, hoc et
tibiis intennediis in latere superiore breviter ciliatis.

Bluish-green, shining, abdomen with equal, broad, black bands ; the two
blackish bands of the wings connected in front, shortened behind ; face
witho"ut hairs (?) ; feet black, the fore tibise and the first joint of the
middle tarsi brownish-yellow ; the latter and the middle tibize upon the
upper side, provided with short cilia. Long. corp. 0.24. Long. al. 0.25
—0.26.

SYN. Psilopus pilosus LOEW, Neue Beitr., VIII, 86, 4.

Bright green, the head, the hind part of the thorax, the scutel-
lum, as also the basis and the tip of the abdomen, in the described
specimen, more steel-blue and bright shining. Palpi black ; pro-
boscis brownish -yellow. Face rather closely dusted with white,
in the described specimen without all pubescence, which however
may have been rubbed off. Second joint of the antennae upon the
under side with rather long, upon the upper side with shorter
bristles, curved forward ; third joint small, rounded ; arista dis-
tinctly dorsal, of medium length. Front with a black pubescence
in the upper corner near the eye. Thorax and scutellum with
rather long black bristles. Pleura? black with a green reflection,

PSILOPUS. 257

f

somewhat gray, by being slightly dusted with whitish. Pubescence
of the abdomen more erect and longer than usual, black, only
whitish on the anterior part of the lateral margin and of the venter.
The small hypopygium black, with blackish-brown lamellae. Coxa3
and feet black ; coxse with a greenish reflection, rather closely dusted
with white ; the foremost with a distinctly whitish pubescence and
with some stout black bristles. Under side of the femora with a
delicate, long, erect pubescence, which, quite near the tip of the
femora, has a black, otherwise everywhere a whitish coloring. Fore
tibioa yellowish-brown, upon the upper side dark-brown, and near
the basis almost black, upon the outside fringed with not very nu-
merous, but proportionally long black bristles. Middle tibiae black,
only yellowish-brown at the end of the inner side, ciliated upon
the front side with a regular row of moderately long black bristles ;
upon the upper side fringed with moderately long and somewhat
erect black hairs, upon the first third of the hind side with some
moderately long black bristles, at the tip, with/ three longer black
bristles, of which one is inserted on the inner side, the two others
upon the front side. Hind tibia? entirely black, rather long, with
somewhat coarse black hairs and a few short black bristles, which
are inserted between the upper and the hind side. Fore tarsi slender,
nearly twice the length of the tibias ; the first joint alone is some-
what longer than the tibia and about once and a third the length of
the four following taken together, the length of which is rapidly
decreasing ; no unusual pubescence or bristles are to be seen on the
fore tarsi. Middle tarsi twice the length of the tibiae ; their first
joint alone much longer than the tibia, about once and a half the
length of the four following taken together, brownish-yellow,
straight, somewhat stouter than usual, upon its upper side regularly
ciliated with erect, minute, black hairs ; the four last joints black, of
decreasing length. Hind tarsi entirely black, much shorter than
the tibiae ; first joint once and a half the length of the four follow-
ing taken together ; second joint about as long as the three
following taken together ; these are rather short, of almost equal
length and somewhat flattened, so that the end of the hind tarsi
looks somewhat stouter than usual. Halteres black ; tegula? with
a broad black border and long black cilia. Wings hyaline, propor-
tionally larger than in P. patibulatus, with the usual siphon-like
black picture ; the two black bands not particularly broad, as
usual, shortened behind, only connected on the fore margin ; the
17

258 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. {PART II.

anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein diverges from this
at an angle which approaches a right one and turns afterwards
towards the margin at a rounded angle, which is perceptibly
larger than a right one ; it reaches the margin before the apex
near the tip of the third longitudinal vein ; posterior transverse
vein oblique, distinctly sinuated.
Hob. Cuba, (Riehl.)

7. P. jucimdus LOEW. % and 9- — Viridis, vel ex viridi chalybeus,
nitidus, alarum fasciis duabus nigricantibus, antice conjuuctis et pos-

tice abbreviatis.

/

£ • Abdomine fasciis latioribus nigris ornato, halteribus fuscis, coxis pedi-
busque nigris, tibiis anterioribus tarsorumque anticorum articulo primo
fiavis, tibiis posticis ex nigro fuscis.

9 . Abdominis fasciis nigris angustissimis obsoletis, halteribus, coxis
anticis pedibusque flavis, genibus posticis, tibiarum posticarum dirnidio
apicali, tarsoruiu anteriorum articulis quatuor ultiniis, tarsis deuique
posticis totis ex nigro fuscis.

Green or green-blue, shining ; the two blackish bands of the wings con-
nected in front, shortened behind.

£ . Abdomen with broad black bands ; halteres brown, coxje and feet
black, the four anterior tibiae and the first joint of the two fore tarsi
yellow, the two hind tibise blackish-brown.

9 • The black bands of the abdomen very narrow and indistinct ; hal-
teres, fore coxae and feet yellow, the knees of the hind feet and the apical
half of the hind tibise, the four last joints of the four anterior tarsi, and
the whole posterior tarsi blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.15 — 0.20.
Long. al. 0.18—0.20.

SYN. Psilopus sipho MACQUART, Dipt. exot. II, 2, 119. Tab. XXI, Fig. 1.
Psilopus jucundus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 87, 5.

Male. Bright green, the head, the hind part of the thorax, the
scutellum and the basis of the abdomen more steel-blue in the
described specimen. Palpi black. Proboscis yellowish-brown.
Face without hairs, moderately dusted with white. Bristles upon
the second joint of the antennae and the arista not very long, the
latter distinctly dorsal. Front with a scattered white pubescence.
Thorax with but moderately long, scutellum with longer black
bristles. Pleurae black with a green reflection and rather closely
dusted with white. Abdomen with black bands at the basis of
the single segments, which are broader on the hind segments than
upon the anterior ones. The scattered pubescence of the abdomen

PSILOPUS. 259

black, whitish only on the anterior part of the lateral margin and
of the venter. The black bristles before the hind margin of the
single segments of a very moderate length. The very small hypo-
pygium blackish ; the blackish-brown lamella very narrow, nearly
filiform. Coxrc black or brownish-black, somewhat dusted with
white, the foremost with a rather distinct white pubescence and
with* a few black bristles. Femora black, with a green reflection,
the extreme tip of the foremost ones yellowish, that of the hind ones
brown ; their lower side fringed with minute, erect whitish hairs,
which are much more scarce and longer on the hind femora. The
fore femora have, upoirtlieir hind side near the tip, three successive
black bristles. Fore tibiae yellowish, upon the first half of their
hind side with three rather considerable black bristles of a decreas-
ing length. Middle tibire yellowish, with a few black bristles at
the tip, otherwise only with some very short minute black bristles.
Hind tibiaB dark-brown, with the usual black hairs, nearly without
any apparent bristles. Fore tarsi slender, over If the length of
the tibiae ; their first joint is yellowish-brown, darker at the tip
and not quite as long as the tibia3, also hardly longer than the
four following joints taken together ; it has upon its hind side three
rather considerable bristles of increasing length; the four follow-
ing joints of the fore tarsi are blackish-brown, more yellowish-brown
at the basis, at least once and a half the length of the tibine ; their
first joint nearly as long as the tibise and once and a third the length
of the following joints taken together, which are of a decreasing
length ; no unusual pubescence or bristles on the the middle tarsi.
Hind tarsi brownish-black, distinctly shorter than the tibite ; first
joint hardly longfr than the four following joints taken together,
the length of the latter is rapidly decreasing, Halteres dingy-
brown. Tegulas with a narrow black margin and black cilia.
Wings hyaline with the usual siphon-like blackish picture; the
two bands are perpendicular, of medium breadth, still rather dis-
tant from each other, connected only on the anterior margin ; the
anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein diverges from it at
an angle of about 70° and turns afterwards towards the margin
of the wing at a but little rounded angle ; it reaches it before the
apex, near the third longitudinal vein ; posterior transverse vein
moderately oblique and nearly straight.

Female. Face likewise without hairs. The bristles on the
second joint of the antenna much shorter than in the male ; the.

2 GO DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. fpART II.

arista, the bristles upon the thorax and upon the scutellum are
also distinctly shorter, those before the hiud margin of the seg-
ments of the abdomen much shorter than in the male. Transverse
bands at the basis of the segments of the abdomen are present,
but very narrow. Fore coxae yellow, with a whitish pubescence
and a few black bristles. Middle and hind coxae black or black-
ish-brown. Femora yellow, the extreme tip of the hind femora
dark -brown, the under side of all beset with very short minute
whitish hairs ; on the hind side of the fore femora there are only
a few minute black hairs near the tip, but no bristles. Tibia?
yellow, the extreme basis and the apical half of the hind ones
brown ; the fore tibia; near the basis with a small minute bristle
upon the upper side and, farther towards the middle, with two such
bristles upon the hind side. The middle tibia? have, besides the
bristles at the tip, a few more bristles, which are longer than In
the male. Hind tibia? upon the outside with two, at the utmost
with three, quite short black bristles. Fore tarsi about once and
a half the length of the tibia?, dark-brown ; the first joint as long
as the four following taken together, upon the hind side with three
hardly perceptible, short bristles. Middle tarsi blackish-brown,
only brownish-yellow at the basis, distinctly longer than the tibia? ;
their first joint over 1^ the length of the following taken together,
which are of a decreasing length. Hind tarsi blackish-brown,
otherwise as in the male. Wings exactly as in the male.

Hob. Cuba. (Riehl.)

Observation 1. Brazilian specimens of P. jucundus are to be
found in Winthem's and Wiedemann's collections.

Observation 2. I hope not to have been ' mistaken in the
specific identity of both sexes, although the bristles of the tibiae in
the 9 do not correspond exactly to those in the <£ , as is usually
the case. The great resemblance in the neuration and the picture
of the wings seems to warrant the specific identity. Should I be
mistaken I beg to take the J* for the type of the species.

B. Wings without dark picture.
A. First longitudinal vein extending Jar beyond the middle of the wing.

8. P. ciliatiis LOEW. £ . — Chalybeus, nitidissimus, alis immaculatis,

vena longitudinal! prima elongata et costa pilis subtilissimis ciliata,
pedibus nigris, tarsorum anticorum articulo primo nigro-setoso, articulo
secundo perbrevi.

PSILOPUS. 261

i

Steel-blue, very shining ; wings without picture, third longitudinal vein
elongated, costa ciliated with extremely delicate, minute hairs. Feet
hlack, the first joint of the fore tarsi with black bristles ; the second
extremely short. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.18.

SYN. (?) Psilopus mundus WIED., Auss. Zweifl. II, 227, 30.
Psilopus ciliatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 88, 6.

Yery shining steel-blue, the upper part of the face, the middle
of the front and the lateral margin of the abdomen green, the
sides of the front and the middle of the abdomen of a beautiful
purplish color. Face without hairs, only the lower part somewhat
dusted with white. Palpi black ; proboscis brown. Antennae
unusually short ; their second joint with moderately long bristles ;
third joint small ; the arista not very long, subapical. Bristles
upon thorax and scutellum of medium length. Pleura? black with
a greenish reflection, gray on account of a whitish dust. Abdo-
men shorter and broader than usual, black, on the lateral margin
and on the venter for the most part whitish ; the bristles before
the posterior margin of the single segments of only a moderate
length and thickness. The small hypopygiurn black. Coxae and
all the feet black ; fore coxa? with a white pubescence and with a
few black bristles. Femora with a green reflection, upon the under
side very scarcely fringed with long, erect, minute hairs, which
have near the tip of the middle and of the hind femora a black,
otherwise a whitish color ; the hind side of the fore femora has
a rather distinct black pubescence towards its end. Fore tibia)
upon the outside with numerous hair-like, rather long, black bris-
tles. Middle tibiae beset with a moderate number of proportion-
ally rather long black bristles. Hind tibiae upon the outside
with a row of about six black bristles. Fore tarsi but little longer
than the tibiae ; their first joint only very little longer than the four
following taken together, fri4ged upon its outside with many black
bristles ; the second joint extremely short, hardly as long as the
fifth and but very little longer than half the third ; the fourth
joint only very little shorter than the third. Middle tarsi some-
what longer than the tibia? ; first joint about once and a quarter the
length of the four following taken together, with a few very short,
black bristles ; the second to the fourth joint of gradually decreas-
ing length ; fifth joint very small. Hind tarsi much shorter than
the tibiae, the first joint but little longer than the four following

2G2 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

taken together ; the second to the fourth joint of gradually de-
creasing length, the fifth joint very short. Halteres dingy clayish-
yellow, the basis of the peduncle black, and the upper side of the
knob brown. Tegula? with a broad black margin and long black
cilia. Wings hyaline with black veins ; auxiliary vein unusually
indistinct, still present, first longitudinal vein extending far
beyond the middle of the anterior margin ; the margin has a fringe
of very delicate, erect, curly, minute hairs, from the humeral trans-
verse vein to the tip of the first longitudinal vein, which are
longest between those two points where the margin is slightly
sinuous ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein
' diverges from this at an angle which is almost a right one, and
turns afterwards, more in a curve than at an angle, towards the
margin of the wing, which it reaches before the apex, immediately
near the tip of the third longitudinal vein ; the posterior trans-
verse vein is rather oblique and only very little siuuated.
Hob. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — I have already remarked above, with regard to
P. mundus Wied., that P. ciliatus differs from it only by its
larger size, its more steel-blue than purplish coloring, and, as
it seems, by a very trifling difference in the bristles of the fore
tibia3 ; it is therefore very likely but a mere variety of the former.

B. First longitudinal vein at the most reaching to the middle of the wing.
1. Arista apparently apical and strikingly elongated.

9. P. COmatMS LOEW. £ and 9 • — Viridis, ex parte chalybeus, niti-
dissiuaus, fasciis abdominalibus obscuris nullis, setS, anteunarum sub-
apicali elcmgata, pedibus longis, gracilibus, dilute flavis, coxis femori-
bxisque nigris, setis in superiore tibiarum anteriorum latere perlongis.

£ . Setis capitis, thoracis, scutelli abdominisque tenuibus, lougissimis,
appendicibus hypopygii pallidis, tarsojuru anticoruin articulo prinio
tarsisque intermediis superne ciliatis.

P . Setis capitis, thoracis, scutelli abdominisque tenuibus, mediocribus,
tarsorum anticorum articulo primo setulis rninutis subciliato, tarsis
intermediis simplicibus.

Green, partly steel-blue, very shining, without dark bands on the abdomen ;
wings without picture ; the elongated arista apparently apical ; feet
long, slender, pale-yellowish, coxae and femora black ; the bristles upon
the upper side of the four anterior tibiae very long.

£, . Bristles upon head, thorax, scutellum, and abdomen slender, extremely

PSILOPUS. 203

long ; the appendages of tlie hypopygium pale ; the first joint of the fore
and middle tarsi ciliated upon the upper side.

• $> . Bristles upon head, thorax and abdomen, slender, of medium length;
the first joint of the fore tarsi indistinctly ciliated with very short
minute bristles, middle tarsi plain. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.23.' Loug. al.
0.20—0.24.

SYN. Psilopus comatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 89, 7.

Male. Bright shining-green ; thorax and scutellurn (in the
described specimen) more steel-blue, and the head handsome
purplish-blue. Palpi black ; proboscis brown. Face without
hairs, broader than usual; its small under side is dusted with
grayish-white, the upper part more convex and, from a side view,
more projecting than usual. The second joint of the antenna?
with a small number of rather long, but not very stout bristles ;
the third joint ovate ; arista apparently apical, but, in fact, only
subapical, still considerably shorter than the body. Front with
a scattered, very delicate white pubescence ; the black bristles,
inserted upon the ocellar tubercle and in the immediate proxi-
mity of the upper corner of the eye are hair-like and of a quite
unusual length. The black bristles upon the upper side of the
thorax and of the scutellum are of the same hair-like description ;
also those inserted before the incisures of the abdomen, the latter
are only of a still more striking length than the former. Upon
the upper side of the abdomen there seem to be, besides the long
bristles before the incisures, only single short hairs of a black
color ; upon the first segment, however, as also on the lateral
margin and on the venter, there is a very long whitish pubescence ;
long, hair-like, black bristles are also to be found on the hind
margin of the segments of the venter, similar to those upon the
upper side of the abdomen. No black bands are perceptible at
the base of the abdominal segments. The hypopygium is partly
destroyed in the described specimen ; it seems that it was brown-
ish-black, and that it had horn-shaped yellow appendages. Coxa>
black, the foremost with a long white pubescence and with some
black bristles. Femora black, with a green reflection ; the very
extreme tip of the foremost ones yellow, all fringed with a scattered
erect pubescence of a white color, which is everywhere of g, con-
siderable length, but longest upon the under side. Tibia; and tarsi
very slender, yellowish ; the usual black hairs rather scattered and
very short. The fore tibia? upon the first two-thirds of their

2G4 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

upper side, fringed with a row of hair-like bristles, which are
alternately of remarkable length, and the last of which much ex-
ceeds all the others in length. Middle tibia3 with a moderate
number of hair-like black bristles, which are also distinguished
by their unusual length, especially those upon their upper side.
Hind tibiae only upon the upper side with short bristles, which
are but little distinguished from the usual minute hairs.
Fore tarsi at least twice the length of the tibia?, very slender :
their first joint somewhat longer than the four following taken
together, upon its upper side with a regular row of propor-
tionally very long hair-like black bristles ; the following joints of
rapidly decreasing length ; the third, at the upper side of the tip,
with a single bristle-like black hair ; the fifth joint blackish-brown.
Middle tarsi very slender, about once and a third the length of the
tibias, from the tip of the third joint blackish-brown ; their first
joint about over 1^ the length of the four following taken to-
gether, the length of which is quickly decreasing ; upon its upper
side it is regularly ciliated with bristle-like hairs; this fringe con-
tinues over the upper side of the three following joints, but there
it is shorter, more delicate, and closer ; the last joint is not ciliated,
but has upon its upper side a short, appressed, snow-like pubes-
cence, which is not very distinct. Hind tarsi not quite as long
as the tibiae ; their first joint yellowish-brown, distinctly longer
than the following taken together ; these are blackish-brown and
of decreasing length. Halteres yellowish ; tegula? with a broad
black margin and long black cilia. Wings somewhat narrow,
hyaline, with blackish-brown veins, not ciliated on the fore mar-
gin, the first longitudinal vein reaches nearly to the middle of the
fore margin ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein
diverges at a rather acute angle and turns towards the margin at
a rounded right angle, reaching it before the apex, near the tip of
the thhxl longitudinal vein ; hind transverse vein very oblique,
little sinuated.

Female. It resembles the male very much. Face somewhat
broader. Bristles on the second joint of the antenna?, the arista,
the bristles upon the ocellar tubercle, at the upper corner of the eye,
upon ,the upper side of the thorax, and upon the scutellum shorter ;
the bristles before the incisures of the abdomen are very consider-
ably shorter ; on the venter, as it seems, there are none at all.
The black pubescence upon the upper side of the abdomen is less

PSILOPUS. 265

scarce than in the male, if it has not been perhaps somewhat rubbed
off in the latter ; the whitish pubescence of the venter much shorter.
Feet of the same coloring as in the male ; the whitish pubescence
of the femora is much shorter, still upon their under side of
considerable length for a female ; upon the under side of the fore
femora, near the basis, there are also some stiff, nearly bristle-like
whitish hairs of a remarkable length. Pubescence and bristles of
the tibiae generally like those of the male, still all bristles are not
so long, and upon the upper side of the fore tibiae, the alternating
shorter bristles are very small. Fore tarsi hardly once and a half
the length of the tibiaa ; their first joint much longer than the
following taken together, fringed upon the upper side with a
regular row of short black bristles, upon the under side with only a
few still shorter black bristles ; the following joints of decreasing
length, from the second to the fourth brown, the fifth black. Middle
tarsi distinctly longer than the tibia3, not ciliated upon the upper
side ; the first joint distinctly longer than the four following taken
together ; the latter black-brown and of decreasing length. Hind
tarsi brownish-black, much shorter than the tibia3, the first joint
.hardly somewhat longer than the following taken together.
Wings as in the male, only somewhat shorter, also proportionally
less narrow.

Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — Whether the distinctly darker color of the tarsi
of the 9 is only an accidental, individual deviation or not, cannot
be judged from a single specimen of each sex.

2. Arista distinctly dorsal and not particularly elongated.
a. Fore tibiae only in the ^, , fore and middle tibiEe in tlie 9 > yellow.

1O. P. clirysoprasius WALK. £ and 9. — Viridis, vel ex viridi

chalybeus, nitidus, alis immaculatis, facie nuda.
£ . Abdomine fasciis latiusculis nigris ornato, halterum nigrornm capitulo

fusco, pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis flavis, tarsorum intermediorum

articulo primo superne pilis erectis rigidis ciliato.
9 . Abdominis fasciis nigris, angustissimis, lialteribus flavis, pedibus nigris,

tibiis anterioribus flavis.

V

Green or greenish-blue, shining ; wings without picture, face without
hairs.

£ . Abdomen with rather broad black bands ; knob of the black halteres
brown ; feet black, the fore tibiae yellow, the first joint of the middle
tarsi upon the upper side ciliated with upright stiff hairs.

2GG DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

$>. Abdomen with extremely narrow bands ; halteres yellow; feet black,
fore and middle tibire yellow. Long. corp. 0.19 — 0.23. Long. al. 0.18
. —0.20.

SYN. Psilopus chrysoprasi WALKER, List, etc. Ill, 646.

Psilopus chrysoprasius LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 90, 8.

Male. Very shining, green, the head, the hind part of the
thorax, the scutellum, and the anterior segments of the abdomen
more steel-blue, the last segments of the abdomen sometimes
golden-green. Palpi black ; proboscis brown. Face without
hairs, thinly dusted with white ; its upper part rather convex.
The bristles on the second joint of the antennae rather long ; the
arista dorsal and of ordinary length. Front with a long whitish
pubescence and the usual black bristles upon the thorax and the
scutellum of a rather considerable length. The black bands of
the abdomen are narrow upon the anterior segments and of con-
siderable breadth upon the posterior ones. The black pubescence
of the abdomen is rather short ; upon its first segments, as also
upon the anterior part of the lateral margin and the venter there
is a delicate white pubescence, while the hind part of the venter
has a black pubescence of considerable length. The black bris- '
ties before the incisures of the abdomen are numerous, but rather
short. The small hypopygium black, its larnellffi dark-brown.
Coxae black, the foremost with a considerable white pubescence
and a few black bristles. Femora black with a greenish reflection,
upon the under side with a long, upright, whitish pubescence.
Fore tibiae brownish-yellow, fringed with only a moderate number
of short black bristles. Middle tibia? brownish-black, sometimes
nearly black, beset upon the front side with a regular row of black
bristles, otherwise only with a small number of them ; upon the
upper side with rather bristle-like black hairs. Hind tibias black
with coarse black hairs, upon the outside fringed with a regular
longitudinal row of black, only moderately long, bristles. Fore
tarsi rather slender, about once and a third the length of the
tibiae ;' the first joint brownish-yellow, much longer than the
following taken together, upon the hind side with three or four
stout black bristles; the following joints blackish-brown, from
the second to the fourth of rapidly decreasing length, the fifth as
long as the fourth. Middle tarsi about once and a half the length
of the tibia3 ; the first joint black-brown, nearly twice the length

PSILOPUS. 26T

of the following taken together, upon its upper side with a
regular fringe of stiff, perpendicularly erect, bristle-like, minute
hairs, upon the under side with about seven minute black^
bristles ; the joints of the tarsi from the second to the fourth very
rapidly decrease in length, so that the second is still somewhat
longer than the third and fourth taken together ; the fifth joint
not shorter than the fourth ; the ciliatiou of the first joint of the
tarsi continues also over the upper side of the second and
third joints, but consists there of little hairs of gradually dimin-
ishing length, so that finally it becomes almost imperceptible.
Hind tarsi black, perceptibly shorter than the tibiae ; their first
joint somewhat longer than the following taken together, the
length of which is gradually decreasing. Halteres blackish, the
knob brown or dingy brownish-yellow ; the tegula? with a broad
black border and long black cilia. Wings hyaline with black
veins ; the first longitudinal vein reaches nearly to the middle of
the wing ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein
diverges from it under a nearly right angle, and turns afterwards
in a curve towards the margin, which it reaches rather far from
the apex, immediately near the tip of the third longitudinal vein ;
hind transverse vein rather oblique, hardly somewhat sinuated ;
the space between the margin of the wing and the third longitu-
dinal vein, beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein, is some-
what more grayish than the remaining surface of the wing.

Female. Yery like the g . The face but little broader.
The arista, the bristles of the second joint of the antennae, those
upon front, thorax and scutellum, as also before the incisures of the
abdomen, are much shorter. The white pubescence on the under
side of the femora also shorter, still of a considerable length for a
9. Fore tibise as in the g , still the bristles shorter. Middle
tibice brownish-yellow, with scattered black bristles of medium
length. Fore tarsi but little shorter than in the g , however of
the same structure and coloring. Middle tarsi plain, brownish-
black, not quite once and a half the length of the tibiae ; their firsi
joint not ciliated. Halteres light-yellowish with blackish peduncle.
Wings as in the J\ still without the gray shade, which is to be
found in the latter beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Hab. Cuba. (Poey.)

268 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

6. In the males all the tibiae, in the female also all femora yellow.

11. P. SCoMliator LOEW. £ and 9. — Parvus, nitidisimus, viridis
vel ex viridi chalybeus, facie pilosa, alis immaculatis, anteriore vense
longitudinalis quartae ramulo arcuatim ducto, halteribus flavis.

£, . Abdomine fasciis nigris angustis ornato et in apice pilis solito paulo
longioribus vestito, femoribus nigris, viridimicautibus, summo femorum
anteriorum apice tibiisque omnibus flavis, tibiarum posticarum apice
tarsisque omnibus ex fusco nigris, primo tameu tarsorum anticorum
articulo flavo, calcare tibiarum iutermediarum longissimo, primo tarso-
rum intermediorum articulo setulis incurvis scabro.

9 . Fasciis abdominalibus nigris nullis, coxis anticis, femoribus tibiisque
omnibus flavis, extreme tibiarum posticarum apice tarsisque omnibus
ex fusco nigris, basi tamen tarsorum anteriorum flava.

Small, very shining, green or greenish-blue ; face hairy • wings without
picture, the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arch-like ;
halteres yellow.

£ . Abdomen with narrow black bands, at the tip with a somewhat shorter
pubescence than usual ; femora black, with a green lustre, the extreme
tip of the four anterior femora and all tibiae yellow, the tip of the hind
tibiae and all tarsi brownish-black, still the first joint of the fore tarsi
yellow, the spur of the middle tibiae extremely long ; the first joint of
the middle tarsi rasp-like, being beset with crooked bristles.

9 • Abdomen without black bands ; fore coxae, all femora and all tibiae
yellow ; the extreme tip of the hind tibiae and all tarsi brownish-black*
still the basis of the fore and middle tarsi yellow. Long. corp. 0.15 —
0.16. Long. al. 0.15.— 0.16.

SYN. Psilopus scobinator LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 91, 9.

Male. Handsome shining, green, sometimes partly steel-blue.
Palpi black ; proboscis brownish-yellow. Face with a long whitish
pubescence and not very closely dusted with white. The second
joint of the antenna? with moderately long bristles ; the arista
itself only of the usual length. Tbe delicate scattered pubescence
of the front generally yellowish, more seldom whitish ; the usual
black bristles upon the ocellar tubercle and in the upper eye-
corner rather long. The bristles upon thorax and scutellum are
also rather long. The hind part of the abdomen is more pointed
in the shape of a cone than in most of the other species ; the black
bands at the basis of the segments of the abdomen are narrow,
broader only upon the segments. The short pubescence of the
abdomen is black; upon the first segment, as als"o on the anterior
part of the lateral margin and on the greater part of the venter it is.

PSILOPUS. 209

whitish ; the black bristles before the incisures are not remarkably
long ; the bristle-like hairs at the extreme tip of the abdomen are
rather long. The small hypopygium is black, with extremely
small black appendages. Coxa? black, dusted with white, the fore-
most with a white pubescence and a few black bristles. Femora
black with a green reflection ; the anterior ones light yellow at the
extreme tip ; upon the under side of all there is a delicate, erect,
rather sparse pubescence of medium length. Tibiae yellow ; the
hindmost colored with blackish-brown to a rather considerable
extent at the tip. Fore tibia3 upon the upper side with about four
short black, minute bristles, upon the hind side with about six still
shorter ones. Middle tibiae upon the first half of the hind side
with three not very long black bristles ; a perceptibly longer bris-
tle is to be found upon the first quarter of the front side, another
near its end ; immediately before the end on the under side an
unusually long, straight, diverging, black bristle assumes the shape
of a rather striking spur of the tibia. On the hind tibia?, besides
the black bristles inserted at the tip, there is but one bristle de-
serving to be noticed, upon the first third of the outside. Fore
tarsi slender, somewhat longer than the tibia? ; their first joint
yellow, only at the extreme tip brownish-black, nearly once and a
half the length of the following taken together ; the latter are
brownish-black ; from the second to the fourth of rapidly decreasing
length, the fifth as long as the fourth. There are no bristles nor
any unusual pubescence on the fore tarsi. Middle tarsi brownish-
black, considerably shorter than the tibia? ; their first joint about
once and a quarter the length of the following taken together, its
whole length upon the under side fringed rasp-like with short black
bristles, crooked downwards, and inserted in a row on both sides ;
the four following joints of decreasing length. Hind tarsi black,
hardly two thirds of the length of the tibia? ; their first joint little
longer than the following taken together ; the second to fourth
joint of rapidly decreasing length ; the two last joints of an equal
length, somewhat flattened. Halteres yellowish with blackish
peduncle ; tegula? with black cilia. Wings hyaline with black
veins ; the end of the first longitudinal vein is a considerable dis-
tance before the middle of the wing ; the anterior branch of the
fourth longitudinal vein diverges from it at an angle which is very
nearly a right one, and turns then arch-like towards the margin,
which it reaches rather far before the apex, quite near the tip of

270 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

the third longitudinal vein'; hind transverse vein nuderutely ob-
lique and nearly straight.

Female. Face somewhat broader than in the J*. All bristles
perceptibly shorter. Abdomen; in the usual position of the seg-
ments, without black bands. Pore coxae yellow, at the extreme
basis often colored with gray ; their white pubescence much
shorter and the black bristles more striking. All the femora
altogether yellow, fringed upon the under side with but very short,
erect, whitish hairs. Tibiae quite yellow, the hindmost somewhat
infuscated only at the extreme tip. The bristles of the tibia? are
quite like those of the J1 , still some of the bristles are missing, or
at least shorter. Tarsi plain, somewhat shorter than in the J1 ;
the first joint of the middle tarsi brownish-yellow, upon the under
side with but a few very short black bristles.

Hob. New York, Illinois. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation 1. — With P. scobinator begins a series of very
closely resembling species, which agree in a remarkable manner
nut only in size and coloring, but also in the majority of the
plastic characters. The structure of 'the middle feet in the J*
shows differences, which leave no doubt as to their specific dis-
tinctness. The distinction of their females offers such difficul-
ties, that I am unable to overcome them with the materials at my
command. I have received P. scobinator iu so large numbers,
that the 9 belonging to this species is surely abundantly repre-
sented among them ; but whether I have not confounded with it
females of the three following species, I am not able to tell.
Some of the females, I suspect, belong to P. caudatulus, others
may be P. inermis, but I am not positively certain about any one
of them. Positive characters for the distinction of the females
of these species can only be acquired by the observation of the
species in life.

Observation 2. — There is no doubt that P. femoratus Say
belongs to the present group. Whether it is one of the species
known to me, and which of them, I cannot decide, as Say does
not mention any of those plastic characters by which alone they
can be distinguished, and as the J1 specimen sent by Say to
Wiedeman has not been preserved in the collection of the latter.

PSILOPUS. 271

12. P. cailclSLtulllS LOEW. £ . — Parvus, uitidissimus, viridis vel
ex viridi chalybeus, facie pilosa, alls irumaculatis, aiiteriore veuse lougi-
tudinalis quartse raraulo arcuatira ducto, halteribus flavis.

'J, . Abdomine fasciis nigris angustis ornato et in apice pilis solito multo
longioribus vestito, femoribus uigris, viridirnicantibus, suinino femorum
anterioruru apice tibiisque omnibus liavis, apice tibiaruni posticarum
tarsisque omnibus ex fusco uigris, tarsorum anteriorum basi taineii
flava, calcare tibiarum intermediarum lougissimo, priiuo tarsorum iiiter-
inediorurn. articulo setulis incurvis scabro.

9

Small, very shining, green or bluish-green ; face hairy ; wings without
picture ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arched ;
halteres yellow.

£ . Abdomen with narrow black bands, at the tip with much longer hairs
than usual, femora black, with a greenish reflection, the extreme tip of the
four anterior femora, and all tibiae yellow ; the tip of the hind tibire, and
all t£,rsi brownish-black ; still the first joint of the fore tarsi yellow, the
spur of the middle tibia very long; first joint of the middle tarsi
beset with crooked bristles, rasp-like.

9 Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Psilopus caudatulus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 93, 12.

It resembles the P. scobinator so much, that the statement of
the slight differences will be perfectly sufficient for its recognition ;
the hairs at the tip of the abdomen are much longer, more bristle-
like, and when well preserved, are of the same length as the four
last segments of the abdomen, whilst in P. scobinator, the two
which are longest among them are but little longer than the last
segment.

Hab. Missouri. (Schaurn.) Illinois. (Le Baron.)
Observation. — The name which I have given to this species is
intended -to remind of P. caudatus Wied., which undoubtedly
belongs to the same group ; but, by its larger size, it seems to
be different from the species known to me. In the Neue Eeitra<i<\
in consequence of a mistake, some incorrect statements have
been made by me about P. caudatulus. Its resemblance with
P. scobinator is so great that one would be very much inclined to
take it for a mere variety of it, if the difference in the length of
the hairs at the tip of the abdomen was not so considerable, and
if the distinction of the other species of this group, otherwise
agreeing perfectly ia all characters, did not likewise rest on some
single plastic character.

272 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

13. P. calcara-tlis LOEW. £ .— Parvus, nitidissimus, viridis vel ex
viridi ehalybeus, facie pilosa, alls iinmaculatis, anteriore venae longitu-
dinalis quartae ramulo arcuatim ducto, halteribus flavis.

£ . Abdomine fasciis nigris angustis ornato, feinoribus nigris, viridi-
micantibus, suiunio femorum anterioruin apice tibiisque omnibus flavis,
tibiarum posticarum apice tarsisque omnibus ex fusco nigris, priino
tarnen tarsorum anticorum articulo flavo, calcare tibiarum intermedia-
rum longissimo, primo tarsorum intermedioruni articulo simplici.

9 .......

Small, very shining, green or greenish-blue ; face hairy ; wings without
picture, the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arched;
halteres yellow.

$ . Abdomen with narrow black bands ; femora black, with a greenish
lustre, the extreme tip of the four anterior femora and all tibife yellow ;
the tip of the hind tibiae and all tarsi brownish-black ; still the first
joint of the fore tarsi yellow ; the spur of the middle tibiae extremely
long ; the first joint of the middle tarsi plain.

9 ....... Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Psilopus calcaratus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 93, 10.

I am unable to mention any difference from the male of the
P. scobinator, except that the middle tarsi are somewhat longer,
namely, as long as the tibiae, and that their first joint upon the
under side is not fringed rasp-like, with numerous, crooked bristles,
but has only a few scattered straight bristles.

Hob. Carolina. (Zimrnermann.)

14. P. iiiermis LOEW. £ .—Parvus, mtissimus, viridis vel ex viridi
chalybeus, facie pilosa, alis immaculatis, anteriore venae longitudinalis
quartae ramulo arcuatim ducto, halteribus flavis.

£ . Abdomine fasciis nigris angustis ornato et in apice pilis solito longiori-
bus nullis vestito, femoribus nigris, viridi-micantibus, suuirno femorum
anterioruin apice tibiisque omnibus flavis, apice tibiarum posticarum
extreme tarsisque omnibus ex fusco nigris, tarsorum anteriorum basi
tamen flava, calcare tibiarum intermediarum brevissimo, primo tarsorum
intermediorum articulo simplici.

Small, very shining, green or bluish-green, face hairy ; wings without
picture, the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arched ;
halteres yellow.

£ . Abdomen with narrow black bands, at the tip without hairs longer
than usual ; femora black, with greenish lustre, the extreme tip of the
four anterior femora and all tibia; yellow, the extreme tip of the hind
tibiae and all tarsi brownish-black, still the basis of the fore and middle

PSILOPUS. 273

tarsi yellow ; the spur of the middle tibiae very short ; the first joint of
the middle tarsi plain.
9 Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Psilopus inermis LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 93, 11.

This species is likewise most closely allied to the J1 of P.
scobinator. In the coloring there are no differences, except that
in P. inermis the hind tibias are somewhat iufuscated at the very
extreme tip, while in the g of scobinator the blackish-brown
coloring is extended nearly over the whole of their last quarter,
and that in inermis the first joint of the middle tarsi is brownish-
yellow nearly to the middle. Whether these differences in the
coloring are constant, further observations must show. The plas-
tic differences, which secure the specific distinctness of inermis
from the two previous species lies in the structure of the middle
feet. Whilst in the latter that bristle, which is inserted near the
tip of the tibia? upon the inner side, forms an unusually long,
diverging spur, and much exceeds in length the bristle inserted
on the front side of the tip, in P. inermis, the bristle inserted on
the inner side is not only the much smaller one, but is also not
diverging ; the remaining bristles of the middle tibia? are consider-
ably longer than in scobinator and calcaratus ; the first joint of
the middle tarsi is plain, as in calcaratus, but has upon its under
side a still smaller number of very short, straight bristles ; the fore
and middle tarsi are somewhat longer than in the two previous
species, still this difference is but trifling.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Osten-Sacken.)

II. TEGUI^E WITH PALE CILIA.
A. Antennae entirely black.

15. P. scintillans LOEW. £ and 9 . — Totus nitidissimus, viridis
vel ex viridi chalybeus, abdomine interdurn ex aureo viridi, antennis
nigris, coxis anticis pedibusque flavis.

£, . Alarum costa breviter ciliata, hypopygii appendicibus atris.

9 . Alarum costa non ciliata.

Very shining, green or bluish-green, abdomen sometimes golden-green ;

antennae black ; fore coxse and all the feet yellow.
$ . Costa with short cilia ; appendages of the hypopygium black.
9- Costa not ciliated. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.16. Long. al. 0.15 — 0.17.

SYN. Psilopus scintillans LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 94, 13.
18

274 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Male. Very handsomely shining, green, the abdomen, except-
ing the two last segments, gilded. Proboscis dingy yellow, the
small palpi black, with white hairs. Face without hairs, dusted
with white. AiiteniiQB entirely black, small ; the second joint
with short, minute bristles ; the arista itself of only moderate
length. Front with the usual black bristles, which have but a
moderate length, otherwise bare. Bristles upon scutellum and
thorax of moderate length; upon the latter there are only two
bristles. The black hairs of the abdomen are very scattered, and
the black bristles before its incisures are rather short. The small
hypopygium is black ; its external appendages are very narrow,
black, and with black hairs. Fore coxa3 pale-yellow, with
scattered and rather short whitish hairs, and beset with several
white bristles. Middle and hind coxae black. Feet very long
and slender, pale-yellow. Femora slender, upon the under side
sparely fringed with short, minute, whitish hairs. Tibia? likewise
very slender, without bristles, with a very short black pubescence,
which is diverging fringe-like on the middle tibiae and is much
closer upon their under side. Fore tarsi extremely slender, more
than once and two-thirds the length of the tibiae; their first joint
alone somewhat longer than the tibiae, brownish-yellow ; the follow-
ing joints brownish-black and of decreasing length. Middle tarsi
likewise very slender, about once and a half the length of the
tibiae ; their short black pubescence diverging, so that it appears
fringe-like ; their first joint brownish-yellow, at the extreme tip
brownish-black ; the following joints brownish-black and of de-
creasing length. Hind tarsi nearly as long as the tibias ; first joint
brownish-yellow, and but little longer than the following joints
taken together ; the latter brownish-black and of decreasing length.
All the tarsi entirely without bristles. Halteres pale-yellow with a
blackish peduncle ; tegulae blackish with whitish cilia. Wings on
the anterior margin, from their basis to the tip of the second longi-
tudinal vein, regularly ciliated with rather stout, minute, black
hairs ; the third longitudinal vein rather distinctly curved back-
wards at its end ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal
vein diverges from it at a nearly right angle and turns then at a
very rounded, somewhat obtuse angle towards the margin, which
it reaches very near before the apex and not far from the tip of
the third longitudinal vein ; posterior transverse vein rather
oblique and somewhat inflected.

PSILOPUS. 275

Female. It resembles the male very much, still the pubescence
and bristles of the body are shorter, also the anterior margin of
the wing is not ciliated. The delicate, minute white hairs upon
the under side of the femora are hardly perceptible. Middle tibia?
with a much shorter, not diverging pubescence, but with a few
minute black bristles, which are not to be found in the <£ . Tarsi
somewhat shorter, otherwise of a similar structure, still the middle
tarsi only with a quite short, not diverging pubescence, and the
first joint of the hind tarsi fully as long as the four fojlowing
joints taken together. Tegulse sometimes rather yellowish.

Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

B. The two first joints of the antennse pale.

A. Fore femora in both sexes, or at least in the male, without yellow thornlike

bristles upon the under side.

1. Abdomen not yellow at the basis.

16. P. pallens WIED. £ and £. — Ex viridi cinereus, opacus, pro-
boscide, palpis, duobus primis autennarum articulis, ventre, coxis pedi-
busque flavis, coxis posterioribus fusco-maeulatis.

£ . Tarsorum anticorum articulo quarto subdilatato, albido.

9 . Infero femorum anticorum latere setis validis flavis armato.

Greenish-gray, without lustre, halteres, palpi, the two first joints of the
antennse, the venter, the cox^e, and the feet yellow, the four posterior
cox33 spotted with brown.

£ . The fourth joint of the fore tarsi slightly enlarged, whitish.

9 . Under side of the fore femora bearing stout yellow bristles. Long,
corp. 0.23—0.26. Long. al. 0.22—0.24.

STN. Psilopus pallens WIEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, 219, 11.
Psilopus albonotatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. V, 4.
Psilopus pallens LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 97, 17.

Male. Everywhere closely covered with a grayish or whitish-
gray dust, below which the metallic bluish-green ground shines
distinctly, although not strongly, through. Proboscis brown ;
palpi whitish-yellow. Face broad, without hairs, very closely
covered with white dust. The two first joints of the antennse
yellowish, the second beset with very short minute black bristles :
third autennal joint brown, rounded ; arista proportionally short.
Front with a close white, round the ocellar tubercle with brownish-
gray, dust, without hairs, the usual black bristles upon it of medium

276 DIPTEEA OP NORTH AMERICA. ' [PART II.

length. The opaque thorax, dusted with grayish, has two longi-
tudinal lines, distant from each other upon the middle, and two
other incomplete longitudinal lines of a brown color, occupying
the place of the lateral stripes. Bristles of the thorax proportion-
ally short. Scutellum with two bristles. The abdomen, dusted
with grayish and rather opaque, has upon the second segment a
large blackish, triangular spot, with its point directed backwards ;
upon each of the following segments there is a similar spot, which
is connected with the rather narrow black anterior margin of the
segment, and the color of which is changing from a dusky-bronze
into grayish-green. The structure of the hypopygium and of its
appendages is nearly as in P. albifrons Meig. ; the external
appendages are hardly half so Jong as the inner ones and have
the form of a small elliptical lamella ; their color is brown, their
pubescence near the basis more delicate, shorter and pale, at the
tip coarser, longer, and black ; the inner appendages form a
brownish-yellow forceps, dark-brown at the tip. Coxa? and feet
yellowish, still the middle and hind coxa? rather broadly infuscated.
Fore coxae beset only with a delicate, moderately long, yellowish-
white pubescence, without stouter bristles. All femora slender,
upon the under side very glabrous ; the few pale hairs which are
to be found there are extremely short, and therefore hardly per-
ceptible. Pubescence of all the tibias very short, that of the
middle tibiae somewhat longer and more diverging. Fore tibiae
upon the upper side with a few slender minute bristles, one of
which is inserted at their tip. Middle tibiae generally infuscated
upon the two last thirds of their upper side ; upon their ante-
rior side, not far from the basis, a more perceptible small black
bristle is inserted ; otherwise they are without bristles. Hind
tibia? with a few very small bristles at the tip, otherwise as good
as without bristles. Fore tarsi slender, double the length of the
tibiae ; their first joint somewhat longer than the tibia ; the three
following joints of nearly the same length ; the fourth joint some-
what flattened from the sides, whitish ; fifth joint only about half
as long as the fourth, dark-brown. Middle tarsi once and a half
the length of the tibiae, slender; the first joint distinctly longer
than the following taken together ; the latter of a decreasing
length, the last one iufuscated. Hind tarsi somewhat shorter
than the tibiae, their first joint distinctly shorter than the second,
the last one somewhat infuscated. Halteres yellowish ; tegulte with

PSIL6PUS. 2 IT

a narrow black border and yellowish-white cilia. Wings rather
large, of an elliptical outline, tinged with brownish-gray ; the third
longitudinal vein is but little curved backwards at the end ; the
anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein, the origin of which
lies nearer to the posterior transverse vein than to the margin of
the wing, leaves this vein at an obtuse angle, and turns in a flat
curve towards the margin, which it reaches a little before the apex
and not far from the tip of the third longitudinal vein ; the poste-
rior transverse vein lies proportionally far away from the margin,
is but moderately oblique and not inflected.

Female. It resembles the <g very much, but shows the follow-
ing differences : The color of the dust upon front, thorax, scutel-
lum and abdomen is more yellow-grayish. The blackish, triangu-
lar dorsal spots of the abdomen are indistinct. The fore coxa3
have, besides the yellowish-white pubescence, on the inner and
outer margin, as also at the tip, numerous yellow bristles. Feet
shorter and of stouter structure than in the £ . Upon the first
half of the under side of the fore femora there are five diverging
stout thorn-like bristles of yellow color. All the tibiae are sparely
beset with single black bristles of medium length. Tarsi dis-
tinctly shorter than in the J\ from the third joint infuscated,
the last joint dark brown, the second to fourth joints of the fore
tarsi decreasing in length more rapidly than in the g . Wings
somewhat smaller and less obtuse than those of the J* ; the neura-
tion does not show any perceptible difference.

Hob. New York. (Osten-Sacken, who found it frequently in
June and July in the buildings near the Bowling Green and the
Battery, on walls and windows in the rooms.)

Observation 1. — The present species is not only an entirely
European form, but also without the least doubt perfectly identi-
cal with P. albonotatus, which I have discovered at Rhodus and
described in " Neue Beitr. V." The comparison of two J* of the
latter with several g of P. pallens shows, that there is no per-
ceptible difference "between them.

Observation 2. — At the Imperial Museum in Vienna there are
two specimens of P. pallens marked "New Holland." The
simultaneous* existence of the species in North America and
Europe might lead to believe in the possibility of its also occur-
ring in New Holland. However, my reasons for doubting this at
present are as follows : the pins bearing these specimens are easily

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. fPAIlT IL

distinguished from others, and among all the other Dolichopodidse
of the collection, there are only two specimens on similar pins, and
both are also marked "New Holland." A most careful compa-
rison of the latter specimens showed that they are P. sipho Say.
This circumstance renders it very probable that there was a mis-
take in the statement of the habitat.

2. Abdomen at the basis yellow, not metallic,
a. Tarsi for the most part black.

I1?1. P. variegatllS LOEW. 9 • — Viridi, chalybeo et cupreo varius,
modice nitens, proboscide, palpis, primis duobus antennarum articulis,
abdominis basi, ventre pedibusque flavis, coxis mtermediis cinereo-
maculatis, tarsis ex fusco nigris.

Green, steel-blue and copper-colored, variegated, moderately shining ; pro-
boscis, palpi, the two first joints of the antennse, the basis of the abdo-
men, the coxse and feet yellow ; middle coxae spotted with gray ; tarsi
brownish-black. Long. corp. 0.21. Long. al. 0.20.

SYN. Psilopus variegatus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 95, 14.

Green, the most part of the upper side of the thorax and the
anterior part of the single segments of the abdomen coppery-red,
the front and scutellum blue. The lustre of the ground-color is
moderated by a slight whitish dust. Face greenish-blue, closely
dusted with white, reaching more downwards than usual ; without
hairs. Proboscis and palpi yellow. The two first antennal joints
yellowish, the second with very short minute black bristles ; the
arista dorsal, moderately long. Front blue, slightly dusted with
white, without hairs ; its usual black bristles of a moderate
length. The upper side of the thorax shows two longitudinal
lines of a coppery-red color, which are separated by a -broad green
stripe ; each of them coalesces with a large coppery-red lateral
spot; the upper side of the thorax is very probably not so
variegated in all specimens. The black bristles of the thorax of
medium length. Scutellum blue with a green tip ; the pair of
bristles inserted near its tip is rather large, that nearer to the
basis is more slender and much shorter. Pleurae rather closely
dusted with white ; their hind margin colored with yellow. The
first segment of the abdomen yellow, near the basis blackish, on
the hind margin, excepting the middle, metallic-green and fringed
with a row of long black bristles ; the basal third of the second

PSIJ,OPUS. 279

segment and on each side a lateral spot, yellow ; otherwise, the
abdomen is metallic-green, at the basis of the segments handsome
coppery-red, altogether covered with a slight whitish dust. The
pubescence of the first segment of the abdomen is whitish and
delicate, upon the remaining segments it is coarser and black ; the
minute black bristles before the second and before the following
segments differ but little from the remaining pubescence. Ven-
ter yellow, with a very scattered and short pubescence, which has
near its basis a whitish, towards its end a black color. Fore
coxa? yellow with a rather short whitish pubescence and with a few
stout whitish-yellow bristles. Middle and hind coxa? likewise yel-
low, still the first with a gray spot, which covers the larger part
of its outside. Femora yellow, upon the under side with a hardly
distinct whitish pubescence ; the foremost with a single black
bristle inserted upon the outside not far from the basis. The
middle tibias have a more distinct minute bristle upon the front
side near the basis and a few at the tip, besides some small ones
upon the hind side ; the hind tibia? have upon the front side, not
far from the basis, also one stout bristle and some quite small,
hardly perceptible ones upon the upper and under side. Fore
tarsi about once and two-thirds the length of the tibia? ; their first
joint alone of the same length as the tibiae, brownish-yellow ; the
following joints brownish-black and of decreasing length, still the
third but little shorter than the second. Middle tarsi once and
a-half the length of the tibia?, of the same coloring and structure,
only the first joint proportionally somewhat shorter. Hind tarsi
but little shorter than the tibia?, brownish-black, at the basis more
yellowish-brown, the first joint not quite as long as the second and
third taken together. Halteres yellowish ; tegula? with a very
narrow black border and whitish cilia. The third longitudinal
vein of the wings distinctly curved backwards near its end ; the
anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein diverges at a rather
acute angle and turns then at a very rounded right angle towards
the margin, which it reaches somewhat before the apex near the
tip of the third longitudinal vein ; hind transverse vein strikingly
oblique, not sinuated.

Nab. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.) Cuba. (Gundlach.)
Observation. — P. variegatus is very like the 9 of P. psitta-
cinus. The proportionally longer wings, the different position
of the bristles of the scutellum, the much darker coloring of the

280 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

tarsi and the proportionally somewhat lesser length of the first
joint of the hind tarsi seem to prove its distinctness sufficiently.

b. Tarsi but little infuscated towards the end.
a. All the coxje entirely yellow.

IS. P. tricolor LOEW. 9 • — Viridis, nitidissimus, proboscide, palpis,
duobus primis antennarum articulis, abdominis basi et maculis laterali-
bus, ventre, coxis pedibusque flavis.

Green, very shining ; proboscis, palpi, the two first joints of the antennae,
the basis of the abdomen and spots on its side, venter, coxae and feet
yellow. Long. corp. 0.13—0.14. Long. al. 0.13—0.14.

SYN. Psilopus bicolor LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 96, 15.

Green, very shining. Palpi and proboscis yellow. The gla-
brous face and the front bluish-green, the former rather closely
dusted with white, the latter with the usual black bristles, which
have but an insignificant length, otherwise without pubescence.
The two first joints of the antennae yellowish ; the second with
only extremely short minute black hairs. The black bristles of
the thorax short. Scutellum with only two long black bristles.
Pleurae closely dusted with white, their hind margin yellow. First
segment of the abdomen yellow, with a shining green hind mar-
gin ; the second segment likewise yellow, with a very large metallic-
green spot, which only leaves unoccupied the basal one-third, the
anterior corner and the lateral margin ; the two following seg-
ments shining green, with a yellow anterior corner and yellow
lateral margin ; the fifth segment only with a yellow lateral mar-
gin. Tenter entirely yellow. The pubescence of the abdomen
is scarce, delicate and short, upon its upper side black ; the minute
black bristles before the incisures are so short that they distinguish
themselves but little from the remaining pubescence. All the coxae
and the very glabrous, long and slender feet pale yellowish. Fore
coxa? with a short whitish pubescence and with a few hair-like
whitish bristles. Under side of the fore femora with extremely
short minute whitish hairs, under side of the middle and hind
femora glabrous. Fore tibias entirely without bristles ; middle
and hind tibiae with one short minute black bristle upon the out-
side, not far from the basis and with some similar minute bristles
at the tfp. The very slender fore tarsi over once and two-thirds
the length of the tibia? ; their first joint a little longer than the

PSILOPUS. 281

tibia, the following joints of a decreasing length, the fifth joint
infuscated. The slender middle tarsi nearly once and a-half the
length of the tibiae ; their first joint distinctly shorter than the
tibia ; the following ones of decreasing length, the last one some-
what infuscated. Hind tarsi about three-fourths the length of the
tibiae ; their first joint longer than the following taken together ;
these are of a decreasing length, somewhat infuscated, still only
the last is really brown. The pubescence of all the feet is of a
rather striking shortness ; its color upon the under side of the tibia?
and tarsi is not black, although they take the appearance of this
color in some reflected light. Halteres pale-yellowish ; tegulaa with
an exceedingly narrow black border and with yellowish-white cilia.
The third longitudinal vein of the wings curved gently backwards
at its tip ; the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein
diverges from it under a rather acute angle and turns then at a
rounded right angle towards the margin, which it reaches imme-
diately before the extreme apex, near the tip of the third longi-
tudinal vein ; the hind transverse vein very oblique, little inflected.
Hob. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

8. Middle coxae gray with yellow tip.

19. P. psittacinus LOEW. £ and <j? . — Aureo-viridis, modice nitens,
proboscide, palpis, duobus primis anteunarum articulis, abdominis basi,
ventre, coxis anticis posticisque et pedibus flavis, coxis mtenaediis cine-
reis, in apice flavis.

•J, . Alarum costa concava, breviter ciliata.

<j> . Alarum costa nee concava, nee ciliata.

Golden-green, moderately shining, proboscis, palpi, the two first joints of
the antennae, the basis of the abdomen, the venter, the fore and hind
coxae, as also the feet, yellow ; the middle coxse gray with yellow tip.

£ . The anterior margin of the wings concave, with a fringe of short cilia.

J . The anterior margin of the wings neither concave nor ciliated. Long,
corp. 0.20—0.22. Long. al. 0.19—0.20.

SYN. Psilopus psittacinus LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 96, 16.

Male. Golden-green, moderately shining. Proboscis and palpi
yellow. Face greenish-blue, closely dusted with yellowish-gray,
reaching much downwards, without hairs. The two first joints
of the Antennae yellowish, the second with very short minute black
bristles, The arista dorsal, moderately long. Front blue or
bluish-green, with a grayish-yellow or nearly whitish dust, without

28?; DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Lairs, its usual black bristles of a very moderate length. Thorax,
scutellum and abdomen with a slight yellowish dust, which
moderates the lustre of these parts. The black bristles of the
thorax of moderate length. The scutellum has only the pair of
bristles at the tip, which is of a considerable length ; immediately
near each bristle of this pair a much shorter black hair is inserted
towards the outside. Pleura? black with a green reflection and with
a grayish-white dust ; their hind margin gray or at least only in
part yellowish. Abdomen green, towards its end generally some-
what gilded ; the first segment yellowish, at its basis blackish, on
the hind margin metallic-green ; on the second segment the ante-
rior margin and corner, sometimes also the lateral margin, yellow ;
the third segment has generally, on the anterior part of the lateral
margin, an elongated yellowish spot. The scattered pubescence
of the abdomen is rather delicate and long ; upon the upper side
it is black, whitish only upon the first segment ; the pubescence
of the venter is whitish near its basis, but becomes gradually
darker towards the end. The black bristles before the incisures
of the abdomen of a very moderate length. The external append-
ages of the hypopygiuni small and very narrow, brownish-yellow.
Fore and hind coxae pale yellow, the former with a shorter and more
delicate whitish pubescence and with a few light-yellowish bris-
tles; middle coxa? gray with pale-yellowish tip. Feet yellowish.
Femora slender, upon the under side sparely fringed with exceed-
ingly short, minute whitish hairs ; besides, upon the second half
of the under side of the middle femora there is a sparse row of
minute black hairs. Tibia? slender and long ; the usual black
pubescence of the fore and hind tibia? is very short and appressed,
that of the middle tibia? somewhat longer and more erect, there-
fore almost fringe-like. The fore tibia?, with the only exception
of a rather small minute black bristle, inserted. upon their outside,
near the basis, are entirely without bristles. The middle tibias
bear no bristles whatever, distinguished from the other pubescence.
Hind tibise upon the front side, not far from the basis, with a rather
apparent little bristle, whilst those upon the upper and under side
are less numerous, extremely small and therefore more difficult to
perceive. Fore tarsi slender, nearly twice as long as the tibiae ;
their first joint for itself alone somewhat longer than the tibia,
the following ones of decreasing length, the last one brown. Mid-
dle tarsi slender, about once and a half the length of the tibia? ;

PSILOPUS. 283

the first joint distinctly shorter than the tibia, upon its front side
somewhat sparsely ciliated with oblique niiiiute black hairs ; the
following joints only with the usual short pubescence and of de-
creasing length, the last one dark brown. The length of the hind
tarsi somewhat exceeds three-fourths of the tibia? ; their first joint
is only somewhat longer than the following taken together ; these
are of decreasing length, somewhat infuscated, still only the last
one dark brown. Halteres light yellow ; tegula? with extremely
narrow black margin and with yellowish-white cilia. Wings with
brown veins ; the anterior margin is gently sinuated upon its
larger second half, and forms before the tip of the second longitu-
dinal vein a projecting angle, so that the whole wing acquires a
quite unusual axe-like shape ; the whole anterior margin, as far as
that angle, is delicately and equally ciliated ; the third longitudinal
vein, near its end, is turned back very abruptly and unusually far ;
the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein diverges from
it under a rather acute angle and turns then in a curve towards
the margin, which it reaches not far from the tip of the third lon-
gitudinal vein ; posterior transverse vein rather remarkably oblique,
gently sinuated in the shape of an S.

Female. It resembles the male very closely. Besides the
lesser length of the bristles on the whole body, and besides the
somewhat lesser length of the feet, which are of the same color as
in the J1 , there are only the following differences : the whole hind
margin of the pleura? is colored with yellow. The middle tibia?
are without the longer and erect pubescence of the^, but their
pubescence is short and appressed as on the other tibiae ; there
are, however, upon the front side near the basis one, and at the tip
of the tibia? a few more distinct minute black bristles, besides some
smaller ones upon the hind side. The anterior margin of the wings
is neither concave nor ciliated, the wings therefore of the usual
form ; the third longitudinal vein, near its end, is much less sud-
denly and much less strongly curved backwards; the course of the
anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is somewhat less
in a curve, and the sinuosity of the hind transverse vein not so

strong.

Hob. Florida. (Osten-Sacken.)

284 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

B. Fore femora upon the under side with ihornlike bristles in loth sexes.
1. All the coxae entirely yellow.

. P. tener LOEW. £ and 9 • — Laete viridis, proboscide, palpis,
priniis duobus antennarurn articulis, pleurarum margine postico, abdo-
minis basi, coxis pedibusque flavis, ciliis tegularum albicantibus, alarum
ven§, transversa posteriore valde obliqua.

£ . Femora antica setulis subtribus armata ; appendices hypopygii majus-
culas flavse.

9 . Femora antica setis quatuor validis armata.

Light green, proboscis, palpi, the two first joints of the antennae, the hind
margin of the pleura, the basis of the abdomen, the coxae and feet yel-
low ; cilia of the tegulse whitish ; hind transverse vein of the wings very
oblique.

£ . Fore femora generally with three minute, bristles ; the rather large
appendages of the hypopygium yellow.

9. Fore femora with four stout bristles. Long. corp. 0.16 — 0.17. Long,
al. 0.22.

SYN. Psilopus tener LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, 217, 71.

Light metallic-green, rather shining. Proboscis and palpi yel-
low, the latter beset with a few minute bristles, which have in the
$ a whitish, in the 9 a black color. The glabrous face, covered
with white dust, is very broad, particularly upon its upper part,
which is very convex. Antenna small, the two first joints yellow,
the second beset with a few short, minute black hairs upon the
upper side ; upon the under side with a few short, minute white
hairs ; the very small third joint is generally blackish, still it has
sometimes a much lighter coloring. The front is generally sky-
blue, and, besides the usual black bristles, without pubescence.
Upper side of the thorax sometimes more blue than green, rather
distinctly dusted and beset with but a moderate number of black
bristles. Pleuras, in consequence of a close white dust, grayish-
green. The scutellum, which has two bristles, is sometimes green,
sometimes purplish-blue. Abdomen shining light-green, some-
times rather golden-green ; its basis is in the 9 always, in the
male generally, colored with yellow ; the black bristles before the
hind margin of the single segments are proportionally short.
Hypopygium blackish-brown and dusted with white ; its append-
ages are pale yellow ; the external ones are narrow lamellae and
are fringed with a blackish pubescence, which is somewhat longer

PSILOPUS. 285

at their tip ; the inner ones are stile-like, distinctly longer than
the outer ones and fringed upon their upper side with some few
minute light hairs ; the stile-like central organ is as long as the
inner appendages and is smoothly curved downwards. The coxae
and the long, yery slender and very glabrous feet are yellowish.
The fore coxae of the £ have a proportionally long, rather close
and delicate whitish pubescence ; in the 9 there are, instead of
the longer hairs, bristles of a white-yellowish coloring. The fore
femora of the £ have upon the under side near the basis, three
thin yellowish bristles of decreasing length ; in the 9 there are in
their stead four stout yellowish bristles. The hind femora of the
£ have upon the upper side near the basis a few long and very
delicate white hairs, which are not present in the 9 . The plain
and slender fore tarsi are in both sexes much longer than the
tibia? ; they are still much longer in the £ than in the 9 ; the
first joint of all tarsi is very elongated, particularly in the £ ; on
the fore tarsi it is about twice as long as the following joints taken
together, on the middle tarsi about three times as long, besides they
are distinguished by their slenderness, and apparently complete
glabrousness. The hind tarsi in both sexes are nearly as long as
the tibia?, their first joint in the £ somewhat longer than the fol-
lowing joints taken together, but in the 9 somewhat shorter.
Tegulse on the margin with only a single quite small black dot,
ciliated with whitish. Wings grayish hyaline, long and narrow,
towards the basis still more narrowed, particularly in the % ;
their anterior veins are yellow, the posterior ones more infuscated ;
the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein is very long,
rather flat and but little curved ; the posterior transverse vein is
far remote from the margin and has a very oblique position. The
£ possesses, as a particular distinctive mark, upon the under side
of the basis of the wing, a crooked, black, rather stout thorn, in-
serted near the anterior margin.

Hob. Pennsylvania. (Coll. Winth.)

Observation. — The P. delicatus of Mr. "Walker, who described
a 9 , has an entirely green abdomen, can therefore not be tener,
as the basis of the abdomen of its 9 is always colored with yellow.

286 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

2. Middle and hind coxae blackish.

21. P. filipes LOEW. £ . — Gracilis, longipes, nitidus, capite, thorace
scutelloque chalybeis, abdomine viridi, proboscide, duobus primis an-
tennarum articulis, coxis pedibusque flavis, femorum intermediorum
basi nigra, tibiis intermediis tarsisque omnibus fuscis.

Slender, long-legged, shining, head, thorax and scutellum steel-blue, ab-
domen green ; proboscis, the two first joints of the antennae, coxa3 and
feet yellow, still the basis of the middle femora blackish ; middle tibiae
and all tarsi brown. Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.26.

SYN. Psilopus filipes LOEW, Neue Beitr. VIII, 99, 18.

Of slender shape and very long-legged, shining. Head pur-
plish-blue ; proboscis yellow, palpi brown, both beset with minute
light hairs. Face without hairs, very broad, covered with dense
yellowish dust ; its upper part is quite unusually convex. The
two first joints of the antennae yellow, the second fringed with
short minute white-yellowish' hairs ; the small third joint rounded,
brownish-black; arista dorsal, proportionally of insignificant
length. Front without hairs, with grayish-yellow dust, which
does not cover the shining purplish ground-color upon the middle ;
the usual black bristles of moderate length. Thorax and scutel-
lum shining purplish-blue, with a yellowish dust, which does not
cover the lustre of the ground-color. The black bristles of the tho-
rax rather long. The scutellum has but two bristles, still near the
lateral corners, on its margin, some long hairs are inserted. Ab-
domen shining green with a very slight yellowish dust ; if the light
falls upon it from behind, narrow black fasciae on the anterior mar-
gins of the segments become apparent, which are invisible, if the
light falls from the opposite side. The delicate pubescence of the
abdomen is whitish ; upon the upper side of the two first segments,
on the lateral margin and on the venter very long, otherwise
short; black bristles of moderate length are only to be found
before the hind margin of the third and of the following segments.
Hypopygium blackish-green with white dust ; the external ap-
pendages stile-like, but little shorter than the inner ones, their
basal half light-brownish and hairy, their apical half white and
glabrous, their extreme tip black ; the inner appendages form a
brownish-black forceps. Fore coxae yellowish with a yellowish-
white pubescence, which has on their outside a rather unusual
length ; there are no bristles upon it. Middle and hind coxse

PSILOPUS. 2 87

blackish. Feet yellow, very long and beset with but exceedingly
short, for the greatest part minute light-colored hairs. All femora
slender ; the foremost ones tapering towards the end, the middle
ones from the basis as far as the first third, black ; fore femora
upon the first half of the under side with six perpendicular, erect,
long, yellow, spine-like bristles ; hind femora upon the first third
of the hind side fringed with long, but very delicate whitish hairs.
All tibiae very long and slender, fore and middle tibia? without bris-
tles ; the latter, excepting the basis, are rather dark-brown, very
elongated, and gradually tapering towards their end. Hind tibias
with rather numerous, very short black bristles upon the under
side. Fore tarsi brown, very slender, over once and two-thirds
the length of the tibia? ; their first joint is distinctly longer than
the tibia ; the following joints are of a decreasing length, and the
last one somewhat flattened. Middle tarsi much longer than the
fore tarsi, but not quite as long as the middle tibia?, filiform ; the
first joint brownish-black, about twice and a half the length of the
following taken together, with hairs of such shortness that it ap-
pears entirely bare unless very closely examined ; the four follow-
ing joints light-brownish, still the extreme tip of the second and
of the almost equally long third joints brownish-black ; the two
last joints are again of rather equal length, but, taken together,
are only about as long as the second joint ; the second and third
joints with a distinct black pubescence, the fourth joint with a still
longer pubescence ; the small ungues are sharp and the pulvilli
very short. Hind tarsi brownish-black with yellowish basis, not
quite as long as the tibia? ; their first joint somewhat longer than
the four following taken together ; the joints from the second to
the fourth' of rapidly decreasing length ; the fifth joint about as
long as the fourth. Halteres pale-yellowish ; tegula? with whitish
cilia. Wings very long and narrow, with brown veins ; the third
longitudinal vein is only slightly turned' backwards near its end ;
the anterior branch has its origin in the middle between the hind
transverse vein and the margin ; it diverges from this vein at an
obtuse angle and turns in a very flat curve towards the margin,
which it reaches somewhat before the extreme apex and not far
from the tip of the third longitudinal vein ; the hind transverse
vein is unusually distant from the margin, has a rather oblique
position and is not distinctly inflected.
Hab. Middle States. (Osten-Sacken.)

APPENDIX

SPECIES DESCRIBED BY PREVIOUS AUTHORS AND NOT CONTAINED IN THE

PRESENT MONOGRAPHS.

Fdbricius, Systema Entomologise.
Page 783. Must a longicornis.

Antennis setariis, pilosis, asneo-nitens, pedibus nigris.

Hab. America.

Parva, statura M. angulatse.1 Antennae nigras, pilosae setaque
unica longitudine fere corporis. Corpus viridi aeneum, nitidum,
pedibus solis nigris. Alas hyalines. Cauda uncinata.

Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica, Vol. IV.
Page 341. Musca longicornis.

Antennis setariis elongatis pilosa aeneo-nitens, abdomine ob-
scuriore.

Hab. Americse insulis.

Statura parva M. unguTatse. Antennas elongatse nigrae, pilosae
setaque unica longitudine fere corporis. Corpus viridi seneum,
nitidum, pedibus solis nigris. Cauda uncinata.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vol. III.
Page 85. Dolichopus imifasciatiis.

Bluish-green ; a white band at the base of the abdomen.

Hab. Pennsylvania.

Body bluish-green, polished, slender ; antennas, palpi and pro-

1 Misprint for ungulatx.
'19 ( 289 )

290 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

boscis whitish ; scutellum blue ; wings immaculate ; feet whitish ;
tergum, first segment and half of the second whitish, posterior
half of the second segment and third segment much tinged with
blue, remaining segments green.

Length — one-fourth of an inch.

Central nervure of the wing furcate, the exterior branch widely
angulated and terminating near the tip of the preceding nervure,
which is curved very considerably inwards, towards its tip.

Page 85. Dolichopus obscurus.

Blackish-brassy ; wings dusky ; feet pale

Hob. Pennsylvania.

Head dark silvery ; antenna? black-brown ; mouth blackish ;
thorax and scutellum dark-brassy ; wings dusky ; feet white, a lit-
tle dusky on the tarsi ; poisers white ; tergum rather darker than
the thorax.

Length — less than three-twentieths of an inch.

The central nervure of the wing is nearly rectilinear, being
hardly perceptibly reflected.

Page 86. Dolichopus femoratus.

Green ; tibiae and tarsi whitish.

Hob. Pennsylvania.

Body brilliant green, with bluish reflections ; front pruinose ;
antennae blackish ; proboscis yellowish ; wings hyaline ; scutellum
blue ; thighs green and excepting the posterior ones, whitish at
tip, tibiae white, tarsi dusky ; tergum, ultimate joints cupreous at
their bases.

Length — three-twentieths of an inch.

The brilliancy and shade of green in this insect are similar to
D. sipho; when living, and in the sun's rays, it resembles bur-
nished gold, nervures nearly as in sipho.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vol. VI.
Page 168. Psilopus femoratus.

This brilliant species varies in the color of its thighs, which in
my description are stated to be green ; a specimen taken in Indiana
'has whitish thighs.

APPENDIX. 291

' Page 168. Clirysotus nubilus.

Blackish ; feet dull honey-yellow.

Hob. Indiana.

Body blackish ; head dull plumbeous ; thorax cinereous, with
three brown lines ; wings immaculate ; poisers white ; feet dark
honey-yellow ; thighs black at base and above.

Length — rather over one-tenth of an inch.

Page 168. Chrysotus conciimarius.

Green-brassy ; tergum blue towards the tip.

Hob. Mexico.

Head violaceous, with a cinereous reflection ; palpi with a cine-
reous reflection ; antennae black ; thorax green with a gray oliva-
ceous reflection ; wings hyaline, obsoletely tinged with yellowish
on the costal margin ; poisers white ; tergum with a gray reflec-
tion, brassy-green at base, and violaceous towards the tip ; thighs
green ; tibiae whitish.

Length — one-fourth of an inch.

Page 169. Chrysotus abdominal is*

Green, polished ; feet white.

Hob. Indiana.

Body bright green, brilliant ; hypostoma purple ; antennae yel-
low ; thorax immaculate ; poisers yellow ; tergum, first segment at
base with an obsolete yellowish line ; feet white ; venter white, at
tip blackish purple.

Length — £ one -tenth of an inch.

*

Page 169. Medetems lateralis.

Tergum pale, with a lateral series of polished spots.

Hob. Indiana.

Head silvery ; proboscis et antennas yellowish, seta of the latter
with the first joint very short ; eyes (when recent) green polished,
with a cupreous reflection ; thorax green, somewhat pruinose,
with a dorsal rather compound vitta ; wings hyaline ; poisers
whitish ; tergum dull yellowish, with a series of brassy spots on
each side, posterior two largest ; feet and venter whitish.

Length — nearly three-twentieths of an inch.

The dorsal vitta is impressed behind.

292 DIPTEKA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Page 170. Medeterus pimctipennis.

Thorax variegated ; wings with brown spots.

Hob. Mexico.

Thorax olive-brown, trilineate ; middle line slender, dull yel-
lowish, obsoletely zigzag ; outer lines cinereous with black points;
scutel brown, cinereous in the middle ; wings hyaline, with many
irregular fuscous spots, hardly to be traced into four bands ;
poisers yellow ; tergum cupreous, posterior margins of the seg-
ments blackish ; feet white ; tarsi blackish.

Length — nearly one-fifth of an inch.

Page 170. Dolieliopus abdominal!*.

Green, abdomen rufous.
Hob. Indiana.

Head silvery ; antennae, first and second joints black, third
; thorax polished green ; wings hyaline ; abdomen, excepting

the terminal joint, rufous ; halteres white ; pleurae and pectus
blackish, pruinose ; feet white ; tarsi dusky.
Length — less than three-twentieths of an inch.

Wiedemann, Aussereuropaische Zweyfluglige Insecten, Vol. II.
Page 219. No. 12. Psilopus macula.

Yiridaureus ; antennis nigris, pedibus flavis ; alis macula magni
fusca.

Griingolden, mit schwarzen Fiihlern, gelben Beinen und einenj
grossen schwarzlich-braunen Fliigelflecke.

Lange 3 Linien 9« Yon der Krabbeninsel in Westindien.

Untergesicht an den Fiihlern schon stahlblau, weiter unten
griingolden, uberall aber in gewisser Richtung fast silberweiss
schimmernd. Stirn griingolden, in's Stahlblaue fallend. Riicken-
schild ebenso, ganz vorn wenig weiss-schimmernd. Brustseiten
ebenso, doch uberall stark weiss-schimmernd. Hinterleib griin-
golden, an. den Einschnitten schwarz, in gewisser Richtung auch
wohl kupferrothlich. Beine gelb ; hinterste Schienen und Fiisse
allmahlig braun. Fliigel wasserklar ; der Fleck liegt langs der
Rippe und nimmt von ihr selbst bis Zwei drittel der Fliigelbreite
ein, er liegt von Wurzel und Spitze gleichweit entfernt, nimmt
etwa die Zwei mittlern Yiertel der Fliigel ein, und hat einen ge-

APPENDIX. 293

rundeten Innenrand. (In Hornbeck's Sammlung zu Kopen-
hagen.)

(Translation.) — Golden .green, with black antennae, yellow feet and a
large broWnish-black spot on tlie wings ; length three lines, 9 • From the
Crab Islands (West Indies).

Face bright steel-blue near the antennae, golden-green farther below,
everywhere with a silvery reflection in a certain light. Front golden-
green, With a bluish reflection ; thorax likewise, but with a silvery reflec-
tion anteriorly ; jjleurse of the same color, altogether with a whitish reflec-
tion. Abdomen golden green, black at the incisures, in a certain light
reddish-coppery. Feet yellow ; hind tibiae and feet gradually infuscated.
Wings hyaline ; the dark spot is along the costa and extends to about two-
thirds of the breadth of the wing ; it is equally distant from the base and
the tip, and occupies about two-fourths of the length of the wing in the
middle ; its inner border is rounded. (Hornbeck's Collection in Copen-
hagen.)

Page 219. No. 13. Psilopus Say i.

jEneus ; antennis, abdominis basi, incisuris pedibusque flavis.

Erzgriiu, mit gelben Fiihlern, Hinterleibswurzel, Einschnitten
und Beinen. Liinge 2f Linien $ . Aus Pennsylvanien.

Dolichopus unifasciatus Say, Journ. Acad. Phila'd. Ill, 85, 2.

Fiihlerwurzel, aber auch wahrscheinlich das verloren gegangene
Endglied, gelb. Uutergesicht lebhaft erzgriin, unten weuig weiss-
schimmernd ; Stirn smaragdgriin, mit Metallglanz. Riickenschild
in's Griingoldeue iibergeliend ; die griingoldenen Brustseiten weiss
bereift. Erster Hinterleibsabschnitt uberall, zweiter an der
Wurzel, folgeude an den Einschnitten gelb ; die Hauptfarbe des
'Hiuterleibes ist an der Wurzel smaragdgriiulich erzfarben, was an
der Spitze ins Griiugoldene iibergeht. Fliigel sehr licbt gelblich,
mit gelben Adern. Beine gelb ; vorderste Fiisse uberall, hintere
nur an der Spitze sckwarzlich-braun. (Im Philadelphischen
Museum.)

(Translation.) — Bronze-green, with yellow antennae, basis of the abdo-
men, incisures and feet ; length two and two-thirds of lines, £ . Penn-
sylvania.

SYN. D. unifasciatus Say, Journ. Ac. Phil. Ill, 85, 2.

Basis of antennae and probably also the last joint (which is broken)
yellow. Face bright bronze-green, with a slight whitish reflection below.
Front emerald-green, with metallic reflection. Thorax verging into golden-
green ; the golden-green pleurae whitish-pruinose. First abdominal seg-
ment yellow, the root of the second and the incisures of the following, also

294 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

yellow. The principal color of the abdomen is bronze emerald-greenish
towards the base, changing into golden-green towards the tip. Wings very
light yellowish, with yellow veins. Feet yellow, fore tarsi altogether
blackish-brown, posterior ones only at the tip. (Museum of Philadelphia.)

Page 220. No. 14. Psilopus Ion gi corn is FABR.

./Eneus ; abdoniine incisuris atris, alls limpidis.

Erzgriin, mit tief schwarzen Hinterleibseinschnitten und was-
serklaren Fliigeln. Liinge 2f Linien. Aus Westindien.

Untergesicht erzgriin, kaum ain untern Theile in gewisser
Richtung weisslich schimmernd. Stirn erzgriin. Riickenschild
und Hinterleib griingolden, dieser an der Wurzel der Abschnitte
tief schwarz. Fliigel ungefarbt ; Schwinger gelb. Beine schwarz
an den Schenkeln fast metallglanzend an den vordersten Schienen
lehmgelb. (In der Fabricius, schen Sammlung.)

(Translation.) — Bronze-green; abdomen with deep black incisures ;
wings hyaline ; length, two and two-thirds of lines. West Indies.

Face bronze-green, with a slight whitish lustre on its lower part. Front
bronze-green. Thorax and abdomen golden-green ; the latter deep black
at the root of the segments. Wings hyaline ; halteres yellow. Feet
black, almost with a metallic lustre on the femora ; fore tibiae luteous yel-
low. (Fabricius's collection.)

Page 224. No. 23. Psilopus caudatus.

Thorace aeneo-viridi, abdomine viridaureo ; incisuris atris, tibiis

flavis.

Mit erzgriinem Riickenschilde und griingoldenem, schwarz
eingeschnittenem Hinterleibe und gelben Schienen.

Lange 2 bis 2£ Linien. Von Savannah.

Deni P. longicornis verwandt. Fiihler schwarz ; Untergesicht
erzgriin, silberweisslich schimmernd ; stirii griingolden, am Weib-
chen mehr als am Mannchen. Riickenschild des Mannchens hin-
ten in's Stahlblaue iibergehend, am Weibchen durchgehends griin-
golden. Brustseiten silberweisslich, Hinterleib griingolden, mit
an der Wurzel tief schwarzen Abschnitten. After des Mannchens
mit sehr langen Haaren besetzt. Fliigel wasserklar ; Schwinger
gelblich ; Schenkel des Mannchens erzgriin : vordere mit ledergelber
Spitze, Schienen sammtlich ledergelb. Fiisse schwarz. Am
Weibchen sind auch die Schenkel gelb. (In Westermann's Samm-
lung.)

APPENDIX. 295

(Translation.) — Thorax bronze-green; abdomen golden-green, with
black incisures ; tibiae yellow ; length from two to two and one-fourth
lines. (Savannah.)

Related to P. longicornis. Antennae black. Face bronze-green, with a
silvery-white reflection ; front golden-green, more so in the 9 than in the
£ . Thorax of £ more steel-blue posteriorly ; of the 9 altogether golden-
green. Pleurae silvery-white. Abdomen golden-green, with the segments
deep-black at the basis. Hypopygium beset with black hair. Wings
hyaline ; halteres yellowish. Femora of the male bronze-green ; the fore-
most with the tip yellowish ; all the tibiae leather-yellow. Tarsi black.
The femora of the 9 also yellow. (Westermann's collection.)

Page 224. No. 24. Psilopus Virgo.

^Eneo-viridis ; pedibus laete flavis.

Erzgriin, mit schon gelben Beinen.

Liinge 2 Linien, 9 . Von New York.

Fiihler schwarz. Untergesicht griin, mit silberweissem Schim-
mer. Mittelleib schon erzgriin. Hinterleib griingolden. Fliigel
ungefarbt, Adern brauu ; Spitzenquerader keinen winkeligen
Bogen bildend. Schwinger und Beine lebhaft gelb, in's Rostgelbe
fallend. Hinterste Fiisse schwiirzlichbraun. (In meiner Samrn-
luug.)

(Translation.') — Golden-green with handsomely yellow feet ; length two
lines, 9. (New York.)

Antennae black. Face green, with a silvery-white reflection. Thorax
handsome green. Abdomen golden-green. Wings not pictured ; veins
brown ; upper branch of the fourth longitudinal vein not forming an
angular curve. Halteres and feet bright-yellow, somewhat reddish-yellow.
Hind tarsi blackish-brown. (In my own collection.)

Page 226. No. 2§. Psilopus femora* us*

jEneo-viridis, antennis nigellis ; pedibus flavis, femoribus basi
virentibus ; alis limpidis.

Lebhaft erzgruu, mit schwarzlichen Fiihlern, gelben Beinen, an
der Wurzel griiulichen Schenkeln und wasserklaren Fliigeln.
Lange 1| Linien. Aus Pennsylvanien.

Auch diese kleine Art zieht der Farbe nach stark in's Griin-
goldene, zuweilen an Stirn uiid Riickenschild iu's Blauliche. Un-
tergesicht und Brustseiten weisschimraernd oder bereift. Riissel
gelblich. Fliigel ohne alle Zeichnung. Beine bleich gelb.

296 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Schenkel griinlich, die vordern mit gelber Spitze. (In meiner
Sammlung.)

(Translation.) — Brilliant -bronze-green, with blackish antennae, yellow
feet, femora greenish at the basis, and hyaline wings. Length one and
one-half 'lines. (Pennsylvania.)

The color of this small species also approaches the golden-green ; front
and thorax are sometimes bluish. Face and pleurae have a white reflec-
tion or are pruinose. Proboscis yellowish. Wings not pictured. Feet
pale-yellow. Femora greenish, the anterior ones with yellow tip. (In my
own collection.)

Page 227. No. 3O. Psiloptis mundiis.

Omnino chalybeus, vena apicali in angulum obtusum flexa.

Ueberall stahlblau, mit stuinpfwinkelig gebogener Spitzen-
querader. Lange 1^ Linien. Von Savannah.

Fiihler schwarz ; Untergesicht uud Stirn salt stahlblau, der
unterste Theil jenes nur sehr wenig weiss-schimmernd. Mittel-
und Hinterleib satt stahlblau, an den Seiten hin und wieder griin-
lich, doch so, dass ich kaum glaube, dass es ganz griine Abiinder-
ungen gebe. Fliigel ungefarbt. Die Spitzenquerader bildet
keinen so gleichformig gekriimmten Bogen, wie bei P. virgo,
sondern raacht einen stumpfen Winkel. Schwinger gelb. Beine
schwarz, an den Schenkeln stahlblaulich. (In meiner Sammlung.)

(Translation. ) — Altogether steel-blue, with the anterior branch of the
fourth longitudinal vein angularly curved. Length one and one-half lines.
(Savannah.)

Antennae black ; face and front saturate steel-blue ; the lower part of
the former with only very little white reflection. Thorax and abdomen
saturate steel-blue, in some places on the sides greenish, still so as to
make me doubt whether there are entirely green varieties. Wings not
pictured. The branch of the fourth vein is not regularly arched as in
P. virgo, but forms an obtuse angle. Halteres yellow. Feet black,
femora steel-blue. (My own collection.)

Page 232. ]Vo. 6. Dolicliopus obs curias SAY.

JrSneo nigellus ; capite niveo-micante ; alis infumatis, pedibus
flavis.

Erzgriinlich-schwarz, mit schneeweiss schirnmerndem Kopfe,
rauchgraulichen Fliigeln und gelben Beinen. Lange 1^ Linien,
9. Aus Pennsylvanien.

Fiihler tief schwarz ; Untergesicht und Stirn schwarz, beide

APPENDIX. 297

schneeweiss schimmernd. Riickensckild aus dem Schwarzlicheu
in's Griine und rothlich stahlblaue spieleud ; Brustseiten weiss-
bereift. Hinterleib metallisch schwarzlick, in's duster griinliche
ziehend. Fliigel salt rauckgrau ; Schwinger uud Beine gelb
(Im Philadelphisclieu Museum.)

(Translation.) — Blackish bronze-green ; head with a snow-white reflec-
tion ; wings smoky-gray ; feet yellow. Length one and one-half lines, J .
(Pennsylvania.)

Antenna deep-black ; face and front black, both with a silvery- white
reflection. Thorax changing from the blackish into green and reddish
steel-blue ; pleurae pruinose with white. Abdomen metallic blackish,
with a dusky greenish reflection. Wings saturate smoky-gray ; halteres
and feet yellow. (Museum of Philadelphia.)

Macquart, Dipteres, Suites a Buff on, Vol. 7.
Page 450. No. 6. Psilopus radians.

Long 2^ lig. D'un vert ou d'un bleu violet, tres brillant.
Antennes noires ; deuxieme article garni de soies allonge'es, rayon-
nant a 1'entour ; style fort allonge. Bord des segmens de 1'abdo-
men noir ; organe copulateur peu epais. Pieds noirs ; jambes
ante'rieures et intermediates jaunatres. Bord exterieur des ailes
un peu brunatre vers 1'extremite. De PAmerique septentrionale.
(Cabinet de M. Perc'heron.)

(Translation.) — Length two and one-half lines. Purplish-green or blue,
very brilliant. Antennae black ; second joint fringed with elongated,
radiating bristles ; arista very long. Borders of abdominal segments
black ; genital organs not very stout. Feet black ; fore and middle tibise
yellowish. Anterior margin of the wing somewhat brownish towards the
tip. North America. (Mr. Percheron's collection.)

Macquart, Dipteres exotiques, Vol. II.
Page 119. No. 11. Psilopus siplio.

Lsete seneus. Alis abbreviato-bifasciatis. Antennis nigris.
Pedibus flavis ; femoribus nigris g ; tibiis posticis nigris g.
(Tab. 21, fig. 1.) Wiedemanu a decrit cette espece comme ayant
les pieds jaunes dans les deux sexes. Suivant nos observations
sur un assez grand nombre d'iudividus, les femelles seules ont les
pieds de cette couleur, a 1'exception des tarses noirs ; les males
ont les cuisses noires, ainsi que les jambes poste'rieures.

298 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Cette espece est commune et repandue dans uue grande partie
de PAmerique. Nous en avons vu des individus de la Pensyl-
vanie, de Cuba, de la Guyane et des differentes parties du Bresil.

(Translation.') — Bright bronze-green. Wings with two abbreviated
fasciae. Antennae black. Feet yellow. Femora black ( £ ) ; hind tibiae
black ($). (Tab. XXI, fig. 1.)

Wiedemann described this species as having yellow feet in both sexes.
According to my observations on a considerable number of specimens, the
females alone have the feet of this color, with the exception of the black
tarsi ; the males have black femora and hind tibiae.

This species is common in a considerable part of America. We have
specimens from Pennsylvania, Cuba, Guyana, and from different parts of
Brazil.

Page 121. IVo. IS. Psilopus radians.

Laete-asneus. Antennarum articulo secundo setis elongatis
radiatis ; stylo longissimo.

Long. 2£1. J.

D'un vert ou d'un bleu violet tres brilliant. Antennes noires;
deuxieine article garni de soies allongees, rayonnant a 1'entour ;
style fort allonge. Bord des segments cle 1'abdomen noirs ; organe
copulateur peu epais. Pieds noirs, janibes posterieurs et inter-
mediaires jaunatres. Bord exterieur des ailes un peu brunatre
vers 1'extremite.

De PAmerique septentrionale. (Cabinet de M. Percheron a
Paris.)

{Translation.') — Bright bronze-green. Second joint of the antennae with
elongated, radiating bristles ; arista very long. Length two and one-half
lines, $ .

Purplish-green or blue, very brilliant. Antennae black. Second joint
fringed with elongated, radiating bristles. Style very long. Margin of
the abdominal segments black. Hypopygium not stout ; feet black ;
intermediate and hind tibiae yellowish. Anterior margin of the wings
somewhat brownish towards the tip.

North America. (Collection of M. Percheron in Paris.)

Macquart, Dipteres exotiques, Suppl. IV.

Page 124. No. 2. Clirysotus viridifemora.

Yiridi aureus. Antennis nigris. Pedibus rufis, femoribus
viridibus. (Tab. 12. fig. 3.)
Long, une 1. 9.

APPENDIX. 299

Face et front verts, a duvet blaiic. Antennes et style noirs.
Thorax et abdomen d'un vert clore. Cuisses d'un vert brillant, a
genoux jaunes ; janibes fauves ; tarses d'un jaune brunatre ;
posterieurs bruns, a premier article jaune. Ailes claires.

De 1'Amerique septentrionale. (Collection des M. Hoffmeister
de Nordhausen.)

(Translation.} — Golden-green. Antennae black. Feet rufous, femora
green. (Tab. XII, fig. 3.) Length one line, $>.

Face and front green, with white down. Antennse and arista black.
Thorax and abdomen golden-green. Femora brilliant-green ; knees yellow ;
tibiae fulvous ; tarsi brownish-yellow ; the hind ones brown, with the first
joint yellow. Wings hyaline.

North America. (Collection of Mr. Hoffmeister in Nordhausen.)

Page 128. No. 5. Dolicliopus lieteroneurus.

.J^neo-viridis. Thorace vittis violaceis. Pedibus flavis. Alis
cellula postica prima subclausa. (Tab. 12, fig. 10.)

Long. 1^ 1..

Palpes noirs. Face et front larges, d'un vert noiratres, a le'ger
duvet gris. Antennes : les deux premiers articles fauves ; premier
un peu allonge et menu ; troisieme ovale, assez large, noir, a base
fauve ; style noir, peu allonge. Thorax d'un vert fonce, a bandes
violettes. Abdomen vert ; ventre a duvet blanc. Pieds jaunes,
hanches ante'rieures noiratres ; un peu de brun h 1'extremite des
cuisses ; tarses bruns. Ailes assez claires ; premiere cellule poste-
rieure presque ferme'e ; deuxieme nervure transversale eloiguee
du coude.

De 1'Amerique septentrionale. (Collection de M. Hoffmeister
de Nordhausen.)

(Translation.) — Golden-green. Thorax with violet stripes ; feet yellow.
Wings with the first posterior cell almost closed. (Tab. 12, fig. 10.)
Long. lin. one and one-half.

Palpi black. Face and front broad, blackish-green, with a slight gray
down. Antennse : two first joints fulvous : the first somewhat prolonged
and slender ; the third oval, rather broad, black, with fulvous basis ;
arista black, not very long. Thorax dark-green, with violet stripes.
Abdomen green, venter with whitish down. Feet yellow, anterior coxae
blackish ; tip of femora somewhat infuscated ; tarsi brown. Wings rather
hyaline ; first posterior cell almost closed ; second transverse vein at some
distance from the flexure of the fourth vein.

Bab. North America.

300 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Walker, Insecta Saundersiana.
Page 207. Psilopus lepidus MAS.

Yiridis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus anticis nigris,
antennis pedibusque nigris, alis limpidis fusco-bifasciatis.

Bright-green, beset with black bristles ; head blue, tinged with
purple, adorned in front with white bloom ; eyes bright-red ;
mouth black ; feelers black ; sixth joint as long as the chest ;
chest not shining, tinged with blue ; breast with a hoary covering ;
abdomen tapering from the base to the tip, narrower and much
longer than the chest ; a black baud on the fore border of each
segment ; legs black, clothed with biack hairs and bristles ; wings
colorless, adorned with two dark-brown bands which are united
on the fore border ; tip cross-vein forming a right angle, whence*
it is indistinctly waving to the tip of the wing ; lower cross-vein
very slightly waving ; wing-ribs and veins black. Length of the
body two and one-half lines ; of the wings six lines.

Mexico.

Page 211. Medeterus exustus FEM.

Nigro-aeneus, capite antico viridi ; abdomine purpureo cupreo,
antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus seneis, alis cinereis, costa
venarumque marginibus fuscis.

Allied to M. notatus. Bronze-black, beset with black bristles,
which form a cross-row behind the head, adorned beneath with a
whitish covering ; head green in front, clothed beneath with black
hairs ; peristoma prominent ; eyes red ; facets of the fore part
rather large ; feelers black ; abdomen obconical, coppery with a
slight purplish tinge, not longer than the chest ; legs long, black,
thickly clothed with black down, beset with a few black bristles ;
thighs brassy, armed with black spines ; foot-cushions dark-tawny ;
wings darkish-gray, very dark-brown beneath the fore border and
along the borders of the veins in the disk ; wing-ribs and veins
black; poisers dark-tawny with pitchy knobs. Length of the
body two and one-half lines ; of the wings six lines.

Bolton, North America.

APPENDIX. 301

Page 212. Medeterus viridiflos FEM.

Fulvo-viridis, thoracis disco fusco, antennis-pedibusque nigris,
femoribus viridibus, alis subcinereis ad costam subfuscis.

Pale grassy-green, tinged with tawny above and with whitish
bloom beneath, beset with a few black bristles ; head brown about
the eyelets, beset behind the eyes with a row of black bristles,
clothed beneath with white hairs ; eyes red, thickly clothed with
short, white hairs ; feelers black ; disk of the chest brownish ;
abdomen obconical, longer than the chest, clothed with very short
white hairs ; legs black, clothed with very short black hairs, beset
with black bristles ; thighs green, with which color the shanks are
also tinged ; wings slightly gray, tinged with pale-brown beneath
the fore border ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins black, tawny
at the base Length of the body one and one-half lines ; of the
wings four and one-half lines.

North America.

Page 212. DoiicSnopus Mfrons FEM.

^Eneo-viridis, capitis vertice cyaneo, abdominis segmentorum
marginibus anticis cupreis, anteunis fulvis, pedibus flavis, alis
subcinereis.

Green, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with a white
covering ; crown of the head blue, tinged with green and purple ;
an olive stripe between the feelers and the epistoma ; eyes red ;
mouth pitchy. Feelers tawny ; third joint pitchy towards the tip ;
sixth black, feathered ; a brassy tinge on the chest ; abdomen
obconical, longer than the chest, coppery on the fore border of
each segment whose sides are adorned with a white covering ;
legs yellow, clothed with very short black hairs, which as usual
are most frequent on the feet ; thighs stout, shanks beset with
black bristles ; wings very slightly gray ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins
black, tawny at the base, poisers yellow. Length of the body
one and one-half to one and three-fourth lines ; of the wings
three and one-half to four lines.

United States.

302 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Page 213. Dolicliopus censors FEM.

JSneo-viriclis, vertice purpureo, thorace antico cyaneo, abdominis
suturis nigris, antennis pedibusque fulvis, alls subcinereis.

Green, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with a whitish
covering ; crown purple ; eyes black ; mouth tawny ; feelers
tawny ; sixth joint black, feathered with much shorter hairs than
those of D. bifrons; chest brassy-green, blue in front; abdomen
obconical, clothed with short, black hairs, a little longer than the
chest, sutures of the segments blackish ; legs tawny, clothed with
very short black hairs ; shanks beset with black bristles ; wiugs
grayish ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black, tawny at the base ; poisers
tawny with yellow knobs. Length of the body one and one-
fourth line ; of the wings three lines.

United States.

Page 213. Dolicliopus contingens FEM.

Viridis, vertice purpureo, antennis pedibusque fulvis, alis
subcinereis.

Green, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with a whitish
covering ; crown purple ; eyes black ; mouth tawny ; feelers
tawny, sixth joint black, feathered like that of D. consors ; abdo-
men obconical, clothed with short black hairs, a little longer than
the chest ; legs tawny, clothed with very short black hairs ;
shanks beset with black bristles ; wings grayish ; wing-ribs tawny ;
veins black, tawny at the base ; tip cross-vein less angular than
that' of D. consors ; poisers dark-tawny. Length of the body one
and one-fourth line ; of the wings three lines.

United States.

Page 213. Dolicliopus lieoes FEM.

^Eneus, vertice cyaneo, abdominis segmentorum marginibus
posticis viridibus, antennis pedibusque fulvis, alis cinereis costa
venarumque marginibus fuscis.

Brassy, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with a
whitish covering; crown of the head blue; eyes red; feelers
tawny, sixth joint black, feathered with very short hairs ; abdo-
men obconical, longer than the chest ; hind borders of the seg-
ments green ; legs dark-tawny, clothed with very short black

APPENDIX. 303

hairs ; shanks beset with black bristles ; wings gray, brown
beneath the fore border, and along the borders of the veins ; wing-
ribs and veins black ; poisers tawny with pitchy knobs. Length
of the body one and one-fourth line ; of the wings three lines.
United States.

Page 214. Dolichopus ineptus FEM.

JEneus, vertice purpureo, abdominis lateribus albo maculatis,
apice viridi, antennis pedibusque fulvis, tarsis subpiceis, alls
cinereis fusco vittatis.

Brassy, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with a
whitish covering ; crown purple ; eyes red ; feelers tawny, sixth
joint black, feathered with moderately long hairs ; abdomen
obconical, longer than the chest, green at the tip ; a white spot
on each side of every segment ; legs dark-tawny, clothed with
very short black hairs ; shanks beset with black bristles ; feet
almost pitchy ; wings gray, tinged with brown along the third
and fourth longitudinal veins ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ;
poisers tawny, with ferruginous knobs. Length of the body one
and one-fourth line ; of the wings three lines.

United States.

Page 214. Dolichopus maculipes FEM.

Aeneo-viridis purpureo varius, antennis fulvis apice piceis,
pedibus fulvis, tibiis nigro maculatis, tarsis piceis, alis cinereis
costa nervorumque marginibus fuscis.

Brassy-green, beset with black bristles, adorned beneath with
a whitish covering ; crown adorned with blue and purple ; eyes
red ; feelers tawny ; third joint pitchy ; sixth black, feathered
with moderately long hairs ; disk of the chest partly purple ;
abdomen obconical, a little longer than the chest, clothed with '
short black hairs ; legs tawny, clothed with very short black
hairs ; shanks beset with black bristles ; feet almost pitchy ; a
black spot on the tip of each thigh ; five or six black spots on
each shank, these spots are most distinct on the hind legs ; wings
gray, brown beneath the fore border and along the borders of the
veins ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins black. Length of the
body one and one-half line ; of the wings three and one-half
lines.

United States.

304 DIFTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Page 215. Dolicliopus pulchcr, Mas. et Fern.

Cyaneo-viridis, antennis uigris, femoribus viridibus, tibiis ful-
vis, tarsis piceis apice nigris, alls limpidis.

Bright green with a bluish tint, beset with black bristles,
adorned beneath with a whitish covering ; eyes bright red ; feelers
black; sixth joint bare; abdomen of the male cylindrical, of the
female obconical, clothed with short black hairs, a little longer
than the chest ; scales of the male white, bordered with black ; legs
tawny, clothed with very short black hairs ; thighs green ; shanks
beset with black bristles ; feet pitchy, black towards the tips ;
trochanters of the male yellow, of the female tawny; wings
colorless ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ; fourth longitudinal vein
not as usual converging to the third after its curve, but almost
parallel to it ; poisers yellow. Length of the body 1^ line ; of
the wings. 3 lines.

United States.

Page 215. Dolichopus varius, Fern.

^Eneo-viridis cyaneo varius, abdomine fasciis albidis ornato,
antennis pedibusque fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis, costa macu-
lisque quinque fuscis.

Brassy-green, tinged with blue, beset with black bristles,
adorned beneath with a whitish covering ; eyes red ; feelers tawny ;
sixth joint black, feathered with moderately long hairs ; abdomen
obconical, longer than the chest, adorned with bands of whitish
hue ; legs dark tawny ; clothed with short black hairs ; shanks
beset with black bristles ; feet black ; wings gray, brown beneath
the fore border, adorned with four or five brown spots ; wing-ribs
pitchy ; veins black ; poisers tawny. Length of the body l£ line,
of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

Walker, List of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum, Part III.

Page 645. Psilopus delicatus, n. s., Fern.

Viridis, gracilis, abdomine aureo-viridi, antennis fulvis, articulo
tertio nigro, pedibus flavis, alis limpidis.

Body slender, bright green, clothed with black hairs and bris-

Ai-PENinx. 305

ties ; crown of the head blue ; eyes bright red ; mouth yellow ;
feelers tawny ; third joint black; bristle black, shorter than the
chest ; abdomen golden-green ; legs pale yellow, long and slender,
clothed with short black hairs ; feet pitchy towards the tips ; wings
colorless ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins pitchy. Length of
the body 2^ lines, of the wings 5 lines.

a. New York. Presented by the Entomological Club.

b. New York. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

Page 646. Psilopus gemmifer, n. s., Mas.

Yiridis, cyaneo purpureoque varius, anteunis nigris, pedibus
flavis, alis limpidis, costa apicem versus nervisque transversis
fusco-nebulosis.

Body bright green, beset with black hairs and bristles ; head
covered in front with silvery down ; eyes red ; mouth tawny ;
feelers black, as long as the head and the chest, disk of the chest
bluish-green, tinged with purple ; scutcheon purple ; sides and
breast covered with silvery bloom ; abdomen slender ; tip bluish
purple ; appendages dark tawny ; legs yellow, beset with black
hairs and bristles, which are most thick on the feet ; four hinder
hips green ; thighs clothed with white hairs ; feet towards the tips
and hind feet pitchy ; wings colorless, clouded with pale brown
towards the tips of the fore borders and along the cross-veins ;
wing-ribs tawny; veins black; poisers tawny. Length of the
body 2i lines, of the wings 5^ lines.

a. Trenton Falls. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

Page 646. Psilopus cJirysoprasi, n. s.

Aureo-viridis, capitis vertice purpureo-cyaneo, scutello abdo-
minisque basi purpureis, abdominis segmentorum suturis asneo-
purpureis, antennis nigris, pedibus piceis, femoribus viridibus,
tibiis anterioribus tarsisque anticis fulvis, alis subciuereis.

Body golden-green, beset with black bristles ; head purplish-
blue on the crown, slightly covered with white down in front ;
eyes bright red ; mouth and feelers black ; scutcheon purple ; ab-
domen adorned with purple towards the base ; sutures of the seg-
ments brassy-purple ; legs pitchy, thickly clothed with short black-
hairs ; hips and thighs green ; hips slightly covered with white
bloom, thighs fringed with white hairs ; fore shanks pale tawny ;
middle shanks and fore feet dark tawny ; wings slightly gray ;
20

306 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

wing-Tibs and poisers pitchy ; veins black. Length of the body 2
lines, of the wings 4^ lines.

a. "West Indies. From Mr. Children's collection.

Page 648. Psilopus siiavium, n. s.

Yiridis, capitis vertice cyaneo-purpureo, abdomine apicem ver-
sus purpureo, antennis pedibusque nigris, feraoribus viridibus, alis
limpidis, fusco bifasciatis.

Body bright green, beset with black bristles ; head bluish-pur-
ple on the crown, clothed with white down in front ; eyes red ;
mouth pitchy ; feelers black ; bristle nearly as long as the chest ;
breast and sides of the chest covered with a white bloom ; abdo-
men purple towards the tip ; legs black, beset with black hairs and
bristles ; hips and thighs green ; hips covered with a white bloom ;
thighs clothed with white hairs ; wings colorless, adorned with two
brown bands, which are joined together on the fore border and
more slightly on the disk, but do not reach the hind border nor
the tip ; veins black ; wing-ribs and poisers pitchy. Length of
the body 2^ lines, of the wings 5 lines.

a. Jamaica. From Mr. Grosse's collection.

Page 648. Psilopus amatms, n. s., Mas. et Fern.

Yiridis, capite purpureo, abdomiue nigro-fasciato apice pur-
pureo, antenuis nigris, pedibus piceis, fernoribus viridibus, alis sub-
cinereis, costa apicem versus nervisque transversis fusco nebulosis.

Body bright green, beset with black hairs and bristles ; head
purple, covered in front with white down ; crown of the male
adorned with a green spot on each side ; eyes red ; mouth and
feelers black ; bristle a little shorter than the chest ; hind part of
the chest tinged with blue and purple ; sides and breast covered
with white down ; abdomen at the tip purple in the male, bluish-
purple in the female ; hind borders of the segments in the male
adorned with black bands ; legs pitchy, beset with black hairs and
bristles; hips and thighs green, the former covered with white
down ; wings slightly gray, indistinctly marked with brown towards
the tips of the fore borders and along the cross-veins ; wing-ribs
pitchy ; veins black ; poisers of the male pitchy, of the female
tawny. Length of the body 1^ — If line, of the wings 3| — 4 lines.

a. New York. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

b. Trenton Falls. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

APPENDIX. 307

Page 649. Psilojms i illicit us, n. s.

Yiridis, capite purpureo, abclomine purpureo,* abdomine pur-
pureo-cyaueo, fasciis nigris, auteunis pedibusque nigris, alis sub-
cinereis fusco bifasciatis.

Head and chest beset with black bristles ; head purple, fringed
about the mouth with hoary hairs ; eyes red ; mouth and feelers
black ; bristle a little longer than the chest ; chest green ; sides
and breast covered with whitish down ; abdomen deep purplish-
blue ; sutures of the segments black ; legs black, clothed with
black hairs and bristles ; wings slightly gray, adorned with two
brown bands, which are united on the fore border, but do not
reach the hind border; wing-ribs and veins black; poisers pitchy,
with tawny knobs. Length of the body 2J? lines, of the wings 5 lines.

a. Mexico. Presented by E. P. Coffin, Esq.

Page 650. Psilopus nigrofemoratus, MSS.

Cyaneo-, aut aureo-viridis, antennis nigris, capite duplo longi-
oribus, pedibus nigris tibiis fulvis, alis limpidis.

Head and chest bright bluish-green, armed with black bristles ;
head covered in front with white down, clothed beneath with white
hairs ; eyes red ; mouth tawny ; feelers black, about twice the length
of the head ; breast and under side of the abdomen covered with
white bloom ; abdomen golden-green, blue at the base, coppery at
the tip ; legs black, beset with a few black bristles ; shanks tawny,
with black tips ; wings colorless ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ;
poisers vellow. Length of the body 1^ line, of the wings 2^ lines.

Tar. 3. Chest golden-green, bluish-green behind ; abdomen
coppery-green ; tips of the thighs and the whole of the shanks
tawny.

Var. y. Abdomen bright green or bluish-green ; a bronze band
on the fore border of each segment.

a. North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

b. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Page 651. Psilopug allbicoxa Mas. et Fern.
Cyaneo-, aut cupreo-viridis, antennis nigris, capite duplo longi-
oribus, pedibus flavis, tarsis posticis nigris, alis subcinereis.

Head and chest armed with black bristles ; head bluish-green,

* Evidently a misprint in the original.

308 DirTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

covered in front with white down, clothed beneath with white hairs ;
eyes red ; mouth tawny ; feelers black, about twice the length of
the head ; palpi black ; chest of the male bluish-green, sometimes
black towards the tip, of the female bright green or coppery-green ;
sutures of the segments sometimes black ; breast and under side of
the abdomen covered with white down ; legs yellow, adorned with
rows of minute spines, clothed with a few white hairs, and beset
with a few black bristles ; four hinder hips green ; tips of feet
black ; hind feet black, first joint brownish ; wings slightly gray,
wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ; poisers yellow. Length of the
body 1^ line ; of the wings 2^- lines.

a. North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

b. Ohio. Presented by the Entomological Club.

c. Massachusetts. From Prof. Sheppard's collection.

d. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Page 651. Chrysotus iiicertus, n. s.

Yiridis, antennis nigris, femoribus viridibus, tibiis fulvis, lapice
tarsisque obscurioribus, alis limpidis.

Allied to C. femoralis. Body green, beset with black hairs and
bristles ; eyes red ; mouth and feelers black ; hips and thighs
green ; shanks tawny ; feet and tips of shanks dark tawny ; wings
colorless ; wing-ribs pitchy ; veins black ; poisers tawny.

a. United States. . Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 653. Porplayrops pilosicomis, BAKNSTON'S MSS.

JEneo-viridis, antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsis piceis,
femoribus posticis apice fusco maculatis, alis limpidis.

Body brassy-green, beset with black bristles ; eyes dark-red ;
mouth dark tawny ; feelers black ; bristle downy, proceeding from
the base of the third joint and more than twice its length ; breast
and sides of the chest covered with a white bloom, which appears
also on the chest, but is there very slight ; legs tawny, clothed
with short black hair, beset with a few black bristles ; feet pitchy ;
a small brown mark on the tip of each hind thigh ; fore hips at
the base and the other hips green and covered with white bloom ;
wings colorless ; wing-ribs tawny.; veins black ; poisers yellow
Length of the body l£ line ; of the wings 2£ lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

APPENDIX, 309

Page 655. Medeterus glaber, BARNSTON'S MSS.

Viridis, thoracis disco nigro-ceneo, abdominc seneo-viridi, anten-
nis nigris, pedibus viridibus, tarsis nigris, alls cinereis, fusco biraa-
culatis.

Body green ; head and chest beset with a few black hairs ; head
covered with white bloom in the male, with golden bloom in the
female ; eyes red ; mouth and feelers black ; disk of the chest
bronze-black ; sides covered with tawny bloom ; breast covered
with white bloom ; abdomen brassy-green, covered above with
short tawny hairs ; under side covered with white bloom ; legs
bright green, rather stout, clothed with short black hairs and
bristles ; hips covered with white bloom ; feet black ; wings gray ;
each with two small brown spots, one on the cross-vein, the other
on the fourth longitudinal vein, a little before half the distance
between the cross-vein and the tip of the wing ; wing-ribs pitchy ;
veins black ; poisers tawny. Length of the body If line ; of .the
wings 5 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay, Presented
by Gf. Barnston, Esq.

Page 655. Medeterus clirysologus, BARNSTON'S MSS., Fern.

Nigro-asneus, antennis nigris, pedibus viridibus, tarsis nigris,
alis cinereis, fusco bimaculatis, ad costam sulbfuscis.

Body brassy black ; head covered with golden bloom, which is
paler and brighter towards the mouth ; eyes dark-red, covered with
white down ; mouth and feelers black ; sides of the chest covered
with tawny bloom ; breast and under side of the abdomen adorned
with white bloom ; a row of black punctures on each side of
the abdomen, as in other species ; legs green, clothed with black
hairs and bristles ; hips and thighs covered with white bloom ;
feet black ; wings gray, brown along the fore borders, each with
two darker brown spots, like those of M. glaber, but larger and
more distinct ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ; poisers pitchy.
Length of the body 1^ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany lliver, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

010 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Page 656. Medeterus atJjoflorens, n. s., Fern.

^Eneus, fulvo pubescens, subtus albus, abdoinine cupreo-viridi,
anteunis iiigris, pedibus viridibus, tarsis piceis, alls cinereis fusco
subvittatis.

Head and chest bronzed, beset with a few black bristles, thickly
covered with tawny bloom ; eyes dark red, covered with white
down ; mouth and feelers black ; abdomen rather light green,
mingled with copper-color, thinly clothed with short black hairs,
not longer than the chest ; hind chest, breast, and under side of the
abdomen covered with white bloom ; legs long, slender, green,
slightly covered with tawny bloom, beset with short black hairs and
bristles ; feet pitchy towards the tips ; claws black ; foot-cushions
pale yellow ; wings gray, very slightly clouded with brown along
the borders of the veins ; wing-ribs pitchy ; veins black ; poisers
tawny, pitchy, and covered with white bloom towards the tips.
Length of the body 1^-H line ;. of the wings 4-4^ lines.

a. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Page 659. DolicBaopus affiiais, HALIDAY'S MSS., Mas. et Fern.

Cyaneo-, aut cupreo-viriclis, antennis nigris, pedibus flavis, femo-
ribus posticis tarsisque fulvis, tarsis anticis, mari. apice nigris
dilatatis, tarsis posticis nigris, alis limpidis.

Male. — Head and thest green, armed with stout black bristles ;
head fringed behind with pale tawny hairs, covered in front and
beneath with white bloom; eyes red, covered with white down;
feelers black ; chest bluish-green on the disk ; abdomen coppery-
green, clothed with short black hairs, covered with white bloom
beneath and on each side, where there is a row of black punctures ;
appendages pale yellow ; legs yellow, clothed with short black
hairs ; four hinder hips green ; hind thighs tawny, furnished with
a few tawny hairs ; shanks and feet armed with black bristles ;
feet tawny, darker towards the tips ; hind feet black ; tips of fore
feet black, widened ; wings colorless ; wing-ribs and poisers yel-
low ; veins pitchy.

Female. — Body coppery-green ; legs tawny ; shanks darker
than the thighs ; hind feet pitchy. Length of the body 2-2£ lines;
of the wings 4-5 lines.

a. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

APPENDIX. 311

Page 660. Dolichopus cuprinus? WIED., Auss. Zweif. ii, 230, 1.
D. cupreus ? SAY, Journ. Acad., Phila., iii. 8, 6.

Aureo-viridis, thorace vittis tribus cupreis, antennis fulvis apice
fuscis, pedibus flavis, tarsis apice nigris, anticis apice nigro-fasci-
culatis, alis subcinereis.

Body green, covered above with golden down, beneath with
white down ; head and chest armed with stout black bristles ;
hind part of the head fringed with white hairs ; eyes red ; mouth
yellow ; feelers tawny, covered with short black hairs ; their tips
brown ; bristle pubescent, pitchy, longer than the rest of the
feelers ; chest adorned with three coppery stripes ; abdomen
golden green, clothed with short black hairs, white beneath and
on each side, where it 1ms a row of black punctures ; appendages
yellow ; legs yellow, clothed with black hairs ; four hinder hips
green ; feet towards the base and shanks armed with black bristles ;
four hinder feet black towards the tips ; tips of fore feet adorned
with tufts of black hairs ; wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs tawny ;
veins pitchy ; poisers yellow. Length of the body. 2|- lines ; of
the wings 5 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

•

Page 660. Dolicliopus lamellipes, BARNSTON'S MSS., Mas. et Fern.

Yiridis aut viridi-cupreus, abdomine subtus albo-pubescente,
antennis nigris basi runs, articulo tertio mari. longo, pedibus
fulvis, tarsis nigris, intermediis basi fulvis, anticis mari. apice
dilatatis, alis limpidis.

Body green ; head and chest armed with black bristles ; head
covered with silvery down, fringed behind with black hairs ; eyes
red ; mouth tawny ; feelers black ; first joint pale red ; third joint
very long ; abdomen clothed with black hairs, adorned with a
coppery tinge towards the tip, which is black, covered with white
bloom beneath and on each side, where there is a row of black
punctures ; legs pale tawny, four hinder hips green, clothed with
black hairs and bristles ; feet black ; tips of fore feet widened ;
middle feet tawny towards the base ; wings colorless ; wing-ribs
tawny ; veins pitchy ; poisers pale tawny.

Female. — Third joint of the feelers short, nearly round.
' Length of the body 2^-3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

312 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Yar. j3. Chest and abdomen coppery.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 661. Dolicltopus ciliatus, BAKXSTON'S MSS., Mas. et Fern.

Yiridis, capitis fronte aureo-pubescente, antennis fulvis, arti-
culo 3° supra nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis piceis alis subcinereis.
. Body green ; head covered in front with golden down ; eyes red ;
mouth black ; feelers tawny ; third joint nearly oval, black from
near the base to the tip above, and from half its length to the tip
beneath ; Tbristle black ; breast and sides of the chest and of the
abdomen covered with white bloom ; appendages of the abdomen
tawny ; scales white ; legs tawny ; feet pitchy ; fore feet dark
tawny ; wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ;
poisers yellow. Length of the body 1^-lf line ; of the wings 3
lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 661. Dolicltopiis adjaceiis, n. s., Fern.

^Eneus viridi varius, capite cyaneo-viridi, antennis nigris, pedi-
bus fulvis, tarsis posticis piceis, alis subcinereis.

Head bluish-green on the crown, covered in front with yellowish
white down, fringed along the eyes with hoary hairs ; eyes red ;
mouth pitchy ; palpi tawny ; feelers black ; third joint very short ;
chest and abdomen brassy, mingled with green ; breast and sides
of the chest covered with gray bloom, which also appears beneath
the abdomen, but is more slight ; legs tawny ; hips green, covered
with gray bloom ; fore hips mostly tawny ; feet darker than the
shanks, especially towards the tips ; hind feet pitchy ; wings
slightly gray ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins black. Length
of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 661. Dolichopus coercens, n. s., Mas.

Yiridis, capite cyaneo-viridi, thoracis lateribus cupreo etcyane<
ornatis, abdomine cupreo vario, apice nigro, antennis nigris, pedi-
bus fulvis, alis limpidis.

APPENDIX. 313

Head bluish-green, covered iu front with pale tawny down,
fringed along the eyes with white hairs ; eyes bright red ; mouth
pitchy ; feelers black ; third joint very short ; chest green, slightly
tinged on each side with blue and copper color ; disk sometimes
bluish-green ; breast covered with hoary down ; abdomen green,
with a coppery tinge here and there ; tip black ; appendages pale
tawny ; scales white, bordered with black ; legs tawny ; hips,
towards the base, green, and covered with a white bloom ; shanks
beset with black bristles ; feet pitchy towards the tips ; fore feet
slender, pale tawny ; their tips black, and much widened ; wings
colorless ; wing-ribs and poiser tawny ; veins black. Length of
the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5|- lines.

a. New York. Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 662. Dolichopus finitus, n. s., Mas.

Viridis, thoracis lateribus abdomineque cupreo variis, hujus
lateribus basi cyaneo-viridibus, autennis nigris, pedibus fulvis,
tarsis apice nigris, tarsis anticis apice latis, tarsis posticis nigris,
alis subcinereis.

Body green ; head covered in front with white down ; fringed
along the eyes with white hairs ; eyes red ; mouth pitchy ; palpi
tawny ; feelers black ; third joint rather large ; chest with a slight
coppery tinge on each side, which, like the breast, is slightly
covered with hoary bloom; abdomen tinged with coppery color,
and with a slight blue hue on each side towards the base ; append-
ages at the tip tawny ; scales white, bordered with black ; legs
tawny, middle feet towards the tips, and hind feet, excepting the
base, black ; tips of fore feet black and somewhat widened ; wings
slightly gray, wing-ribs and poisers tawny; veins pitchy. Fern. —
Feet black, tawny at the base. Length of the body 3 lines ; of
the wings 5 lines.

a. New York. Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 662. Dolichopus distractus, n. s.

Viridis, abdomine cupreo, antennis nigris, articulo 1° subtus
fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis apice piceis, alis subcinereis.

Body green ; head covered in front with white down, clothed
on each side of the eyes with white hairs ; eyes bright red ; feelers
black ; first joint tawny beneath ; third joint short and broad ;

314 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

abdomen copper colored ; legs tawny ; feet pitchy towards the
tips ; wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins
black. Length of the body 2^- lines ; of the wings 5 lines,
a. New York. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

Page G62. Dolichopus discessws, n. s., Fern.

Cyaneo-yiridis, thorace cupreo bivittato, abdomine ffiueo-viridi,
autennis pedibusque fulvis, tarsis posticis piceis, alis subcinereis.

Body bluish-green ; head covered in front with white down ;
eyes bright red ; mouth and feelers tawny ; bristle black ; chest
adorned with two bright copper-colored stripes ; sides and breast
covered with white bloom ; abdomen green, brassy here and there,
especially towards the tip ; sides and under side covered with white
down ; legs tawny ; tips of feet and hind feet, except the base,
pitchy ; wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins
black. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 5^- lines.

a. Massachusetts. From Prof. Sheppard's collection.

Page 663. f&olichopus contigmis, n. s., Mas.

Aureo-viridis, thorace viridi-cyaneo, lateribus purpureo variis,
abdomine cyaneo et cupreo vario, antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis,
tarsis anticis apice nigris latis, tarsis mediis piceis, basi fulvis,
tarsis posticis nigris, alis limpidis.

Head golden-green, covered in front with pale tawny down ;
eyes bright red ; feelers black ; third joint oval ; chest greenish-
blue, with a slight purple tinge on each side ; abdomen golden-
green, slightly bluish and coppery here and there ; breast and
under side of the abdomen covered with hoary bloom ; tip black ;
appendages tawny, scales whitish ; legs tawny ; four hinder hips
mostly green, and tinged with hoary bloom ; tips of fore feet
black, much widened ; middle feet pitchy, tawny at the base ; hind
feet black ; wings colorless ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins
pitchy, tawny towards the base. Length of the body 2 lines ; of
the wings 4 lines.

a. New York. Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 663. Dolichopus excltisiis, n. s., Fern.

Cupreus, nonnunquam viridi varius, abdomine purpureo-cupreo,
antennis nigris, articulo primo subtus fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis
nigris, alis subcinereis.

APPENDIX. 315

Body coppery, sometimes varied with green ; bead covered in
front with white bloom ; eyes red ; mouth pitchy ; palpi tawny ;
feelers black ; first joint tawny beneath ; third joint oval, as long
as the first and the second ; breast covered with gray bloom ;
abdomen purplish copper-color, covered beneath with gray bloom ;
legs tawny ; hips coppery ; fore hips mostly tawny ; feet black ;
wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ; poisers pale
tawny. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4^ lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 664. Dolichopus coiifm is, n. s., Fern.

J^neus, viridi varius, capite viridi, antennis nigris, pedibus
fulvis, tarsis piceis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque posticis nigris,
alis cinereis.

Body brassy, mingled here and there with green ; head green,
covered in front with white down, clothed along the sides of the
eyes with white hairs ; eyes red ; mouth pitchy ; feelers black ;
third joint nearly oval, rath er' short ; breast covered with white
bloom ; legs tawny ; feet pitchy, tawny towards the base ; hind
feet and tips of hind shanks black ; wings gray ; wing-ribs and
poisers tawny ; veins black. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the
wings 4 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 664. Dolichopus contemiinus, n. s., Mas.

Tiridis, thoracis disco abdomineque aureo-viridibus, hujus apice
seneo, antenuis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis apice nigris
latis, tarsis mediis apice posticisque piceis, alis limpidis, fern.
tarsis piceis basi fulvis, tarsis posticis nigris.

Body bright green ; head covered with tawny down, fringed
along the sides of the eyes with white hairs ; eyes bright red,
covered with white down ; mouth pitchy ; palpi tawny ; feelers
black ; third joint rather large ; abdomen and disk of the chest
golden-green ; breast and sides of the chest covered with hoary
bloom, which also slightly tinges the under side of the abdomen ;
tip of the abdomen brassy ; appendages tawny ; scales white,
slightly bordered with black ; legs pale bright tawny ; four hind
hips mostly green, and covered with a white bloom ; thighs fringed

o

16 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

with white hairs, fore feet slender, with black and much widened
tips ; middle feet pitchy towards the tips ; hind feet pitchy ; wing
colorless ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ; poisers pale tawny.
Fern. — Feet pitchy, tawny towards the base ; hind feet black.
Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

a. New York. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

&. North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 665. Dolicltopus separatus, n. s., Fern.

Viridis, abdominis apice cupreo, anteunis fulvis, articulo tertio
apice nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis subcinereis.

Body green ; head covered in front with tawny down ; eyes
red ; mouth pitchy ; palpi tawny ; feelers tawny ; third joint oval,
black towards the tip ; bristle black ; breast, sides of the chest
and under side of the abdomen covered with white bloom ; abdomen
coppery towards the tip ; legs tawny ; four hind hips green,
covered with white bloom ; feet black ; wings slightly gray ; wing-
ribs and poisers tawny ; veins black. Length of the body 2 lines ;
of the wings 4 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 665. Dolicliopiis termiraatus, n. s., Fern.

Aureo-viridis, capite cyaneo-viridi, abdornine cupreo basi viridi,
antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsis piceis basi fulvis, alis sub-
cinereis fusco subvittatis.

Head bluish-green, covered in front with golden clown, fringed
on each side with white hairs ; eyes bright red ; mouth pitchy ;
palpi tawny ; feelers black ; third joint nearly oval ; chest golden-
green ; sides and breast covered with hoary bloom, which also
appears beneath the abdomen ; abdomen copper-color, gf een at
the base ; legs tawny ; four hind hips green, covered with white
bloom ; feet pitchy, tawny towards the base ; wings slightly gray,
indistinctly tinged with brown along the borders of the veins ;
wing-ribs and poisers tawny; veins pitchy. Length of the body
2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

a. North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

APPENDIX. 317

Page 666. Dolictiopus sequax, n. s.

Cyaneo-viridis, thorace aeneo-viridi, abdominis apice aeneo, an-
tennis fulvis, articulo tertio nigro subtus fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis
nigris anticis piceis, alis linipidis.

Body bluish-green ; head covered in front with golden down ;
eyes red ; mouth pitchy ; feelers tawny ; third joint black, tawny
beneath towards the base ; bristle black ; chest with a slight
brassy tinge ; breast covered with a hoary bloom ; abdomen
bluish-green ; tip bronzed ; appendages tawny ; scales white,
with dark borders, under side slightly covered with hoary bloom ;
legs tawny, feet black ; four hind hips mostly green, covered with
white down ; middle shanks with a slight tuft of black hairs at the
base ; fore feet pitchy, tawny at the base ; wings colorless ; wing-
ribs and poisers tawny ; veins black. Length of the body 1| line ;
of the wings 3 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by Gr. Baruston, Esq.

Page 666. Dolicliopus soccatus, BAENSTON'S MSS.

JEneus, capite viridi, abdomine cupreo basi viridi, antennis
fulvis, articulo tertio nigro subtus fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis
nigris, alis subcinereis.

Head green, covered in front with hoary down, fringed along
the eyes with whitish hairs ; eyes red ; mouth tawny ; feelers
tawny ; third joint black, very short, tawny beneath till near the
tip ; bristle black ; chest brassy ; sides and breast covered with
hoary bloom ; abdomen coppery, green at the base ; legs tawny ;
feet black ; wings slightly gray ; wing-ribs tawny ; veins black ;
poisers yellow. Length of the body 1| line ; of the wings 3^-
lines.

Yar. J3. Body brassy, tinged with green.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented
by G. Barnston, Esq.

Page 666. Dolicliopus remottis, n. s.

^Eneo-viridis, capite thoracisque lateribus cyaneo-viridibus, ab-
domine basi viridi, antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis
apice tarsisque posticis- nigris, alis limpidis.

318 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Head bluish-green, clothed in front with white down ; fringed
on each ' side with white hairs ; eyes red ; feelers black ; chest
brassy green, bluish-green on each side ; breast covered with
hoary bloom ; abdomen brassy, green at the base, tinged with
green on each side, covered with white bloom beneath ; tip black ;
appendagefs tawny ; scales white, bordered with black ; legs
tawny ; tips of feet pitchy ; hind feet and tips of hind shanks
black ; wings colorless ; wing-ribs and poisers pale tawny ; veins
black. Length of the body 1^ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

a. North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

Page 667. Dolichopus irrasus, s. n., Fern.

Cyaneus, abdomine aeneo, antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsi?
piceis, alis cinereis fusco subvittatis.

Body deep blue, beset with black hairs and bristles ; head
covered in front with a silvery bloom ; eyes red ; mouth and
feelers black ; -chest covered with ferruginous bloom ; sides and
chest covered with white bloom ; abdomen dark bronze, slightly
covered with white bloom, not longer than the chest ; legs tawny,
clothed with black hairs and bristles ; feet pitchy ; wings gray,
brownish along the borders of the veins ; wing-ribs and vein?
black ; fourth longitudinal vein slightly bent ; poisers dark tawny.
Length of the body 1 line ; of the wings 2 lines.

a. Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

Page 667. Ortliocfaile derempta, n. s.

Yiridis, thoracis disco cupreo, abdomine purpureo, basi apiceque
cyaneo-viridi, lateribus aureo-viridibus, autennis nigris, pedibus
fulvis, femoribus viridibus, alis subcineris.

Body green ; head and chest beset with black bristles ; eyes
and mouth black ; feelers black ; third joint very short, round ;
bristle proceeding from its tip ; disk of the chest copper-colored ;
abdomen purple, clothed with black hairs, bluish-green at the
base and at the tip, golden-green along each side ; legs tawny,
clothed with short black hairs ; hips and thighs green ; wings
slightly gray ; wing-ribs and poisers tawny ; veins pitchy. Length
of the body 1^ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

a North America. Presented by the Entomological Club.

APPENDIX. 319

Walker, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society,

Tom. IV.

Page 149. Psilopus ungulivena.

Mas. — Laste virfdis, antennis nigris thorace longioribus, thorace
subcyanescente, abdomine subaurato, pedibus testaceis, alls sub-
cinereis, venis nigris.

Male. — Bright green; antennae black, much longer than the
thorax ; thorax slightly bluish ; abdomen somewhat gilded ; legs
testaceous, long, slender ; wings grayish ; veins black, fore-branch
of the praebrachial vein very much bent, nearly rectangular ;
discal transverse vein very deeply undulating. Length of the
body 4^ lines ; of the wings T lines.

United States.

Walker, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society,

Tom. V.

Page 287. Psilopus solid us.

Fcem. — Cyaneo-viridis, robustus, subtus albido-tomentosus, an-
tennis pedibusque nigris, abdominis lateribus basi cupreis, alis
subcinereis, fasciis duabus (la media lata, 2a apicali latissima)
nigris antice connexis, halteribus testaceis.

Female. — Bright bluish-green, stout, with whitish tomentum
beneath ; antennae and legs black ; abdomen bright cupreous on
each side at the base ; wings slightly grayish, with a broad black
band in the middle and a very broad apical black band, the two
bands connected in front ; fore branch of the prasbrachial vein
almost rectangular ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique ;
halteres dull testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Page 287. Psilopus peractus.

Fcem. — Viridis, robustus, subtus • albido-tomentosus, capite
cyaneo, antennis, pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine aeneo-
viridi, alis subcinereis, venis nigris.

Female. — Green, stout, with whitish tomentum beneath ; head
blue; antennae and legs black; abdomen seneous-green ; wings

320 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

grayish ; veins black ; fore-branch of the prsebrachial vein obtusely
rectangular ; discal transverse vein oblique, almost straight ; hal-
teres black. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.
Mexico.

Page 287. Psilopus haeretious.

Fcem. — Purpureo-niger, latus, nitens, subtus albido-tomentosus,
capite, antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine nigricante purpureo,
alis subcinereis, venis nigris.

Female. — Purplish-black, broad, shining, with whitish tomen-
tum beneath ; head, antennae and legs black, the latter rather
stout ; thorax rather thickly beset with black bristles ; abdomen
blackish-purple ; wings slightly grayish ; veins black ; fore-branch
of the pra3brachial vein rectangular, but with the angle somewhat
rounded ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight. Length
of the body If line ; of the wings 3^ lines.

Mexico.

Page 288. Psilopus permodicus.

Mas. — Aureo-viridis, gracillimus, antennis pedibusque flaves-
cente albis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque pallidis.

Male. — Golden-green, very slender ; antennas and legs yellowish-
white ; wings limpid ; veins pale ; fore-branch of the preebrachial
vein obtusely rectangular ; discal transverse vein oblique, straight ;
halteres very pale. Length of the body If line ; of the wings ^
lines.

Mexico.

SUPPLEMENT

TO THE

MONOGRAPH ON NORTH AMERICAN DOLICHOPODIM.1

I. General Remarks on the Dolichopodidse of North America.

THAT the North American fauna of Dolichopodidse is an ex-
ceedingly rich one, is proved by that portion of it upon which I
have based the present publication. I am satisfied that this fauna
far exceeds the European fauna in the variety of forms and in
the number of species.

I take the following points to be peculiar to this fauna : 1. The
apparently rather numerous species of Pelastoneurus ; 2. The re-
markable abundance of closely allied species of true Gymnopter-
nus; 3. The number of species of Chrywtus distinguished by a
variety of plastic characters, which is not generally the case in
this genus ; 4. The abundance of species of Diaphorus and of
forms related to this genus. Our knowledge of the genera occur-
ring in North America is too limited, yet, to indicate the absence
of some of them as being peculiar to the fauna.

A very striking circumstance connected with the North Ameri-
can fauna of Dolichopodidx is, that precisely in those points
which we have just enumerated as peculiar to it, this fauna shows
the most remarkable analogy to the remains of the fossil fauna of
the same family preserved in amber. In both, there is the same
abundance of species of genuine Gymnopternus, difficult to dis-

1 The volume had already gone through the press when the present sup-
plement was sent in by Mr. Loew. It contains descriptions of the new
species discovered mostly by me during the summer 1863. The (ii'nrral
Remarks, prefixed to this Supplement, form au important addition to the
preface of this volume (page iii — vi). 0. S.

21 ( 321 )

3:22 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [l-ART II.

tinguisli on account of their close resemblance ; in both, the same
frequence of species of Chrysotus, and not only the same varicu-
of plastic specific characters among them, but even a most strik-
ing conformity in the nature of these characters ; in both, nume-
rous species of Diaphorus and of forms related to them. A cer-
tain coincidence is even perceptible among those genera, which
hitherto are not represented either in the North American or in
the amber-fauna. It must be added, however, that the latter
shows nothing like the great abundance of the North American
fauna in species of genuine Dolichopus.

It would be difficult at present to make any satisfactory state-
ment as to the relation in which the North American fauna of
Dolichopodidse stands to that of any other zoological province, as,
with the exception of the European fauna, our knowledge of other
faunas is not sufficient for this purpose. From what we know,
however, we distinctly perceive that the North American fauna
closely approaches the European and the North Asiatic faunae in
the species of the genera Hygroceleuthus, Dolichopus, Tachytre-
chus, Campsicnemus, Scellus, Hydrophorus, Liancalus, Chrysoti-
mus, and Xanthochlorus, whereas its coalescence with the South
American fauna is apparent in the species of Paraclius, Pelasto-
neurus, Lyroneurus, and Plagioneurus. The species of genuine
Gymnopternus, so numerous in North America, are but scantily
represented in Europe. The North American species of Diapho-
rus agree in part with the European, in part with the South
American species. The North American species of Argyra, Por-
phyrops, Leucostola, and Liancalus do not show any striking
difference from the European species of these genera, but just as
little from the South American species.

Of such species, as are common to Europe and North America,
the following have hitherto come under my observation : Doli-
chopus brevipennis Meig., Dolichopus plumipes Scop.,
discifer Stann., Scellus spinimanus Zett., and

Wied. The first four of these species belong altogether
to specific types commonly represented on both continents ; but
this is not the case with Psilopus pallens. This species unques-
tionably belongs to the circle of European types of Pxilopus,
whereas all the North American Psilopus at present known
closely approach the types of their South American brethren. It
seems, therefore, not altogether unnatural to suppose that this

SUPPLEMENT. S23

species, which, according to Baron Osten Sacken's statement, is
not uncommon in the lower parts of New York City, should have
been accidentally imported in ships from the south of Europe.
As species common to both continents may perhaps be also re-
garded Diaphorus nigricans Meig. and Xanlhochlorus tenellus
Wied. ; the North American Diaphorus opacus might be con-
sidered as identical with the first, Xanthochlorus helvinus with
the second of these species ; certainty about this point, however,
can only be acquired by the close comparison of a larger number
of well-preserved specimens of the two American species.

II. Description of some Species communicated after the Volume
had gone through the Press.

Gen. II. DOLICHOPUS.

Corrected Table for determining the Species.

f Prevailing color of the feet black. 2

*. Prevailing color of the feet yellow. 9

„ ( Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 3

" \

I Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. 4

., f Face ochre-yellow. 1 gratus Lw.

o s
t Face silvery white. 2 laticornis Lw.

f First joint of the hind tarsi with numerous bristles. 3 setifer Lw.
I First joint of the hind tarsi with a few bristles. 5

f Hind tibiae black only at the tip. (j

t Hind tibiae entirely black. 7

f The black color at the tip of the hind tibiae is rather extended ajid

not very sharply limited. 4 albiciliatus Lw.

1 The black color at the tip of the hind tibiae but little extended and

sharply limited. 5 xanthocnemus n. sp.

,. f A considerable extent of the tip of the femora yellow. 6 tetricus n. sp.

I The extreme tip of the femora only somewhat yellowish. 8

„ f Lamellae of the hypopygium pointed. 7 acuminatus Lw.

( Lamellae of the hypopyginm rounded ovate. 8 ovatus Lw.

Q f Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 10

' I Cilia of the inferior orbit pale. 12

,(. ( Fore coxae blackish. 9 pachycnemus Lu-.

* Fore coxas yellow. ] 1

-., f The first two joints of the antennae yellow. 43 dorycerus /.,,-.

I The whole antennae black. 10 brevipennis Men;.

, „ f Tegulae with pale cilia. 13

I Tegulse with black cilia. 2G

324 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

, o / Antennre black, at the utmost the first joint almost yellowish-red. 14
t Antennae, altogether or at least their larger portion, yellowish-red. 24

. f Fore coxfe dark at the base, beyond the middle. 11 longimanus Ln\
14 < -.f

(. Fore coxae pale.

f Tip of the hind tibiae distinctly black.

1 Tip of the hind tibiae not, or very slightly infuscated. 17

, fi f Fore tarsi only ferruginous-brownish. 12 brevimanus Lw.

I Fore tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint. 13 socius Lw.

.. „ f Hind tarsi entirely black.

I Basis of the hind tarsi to a considerable extent pale. 22

1 „ f Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 14 nudus Lw.

I Hind femora of the male ciliated.

("The enlarged last joint of the fore tarsi of the male on the outside
with a white reflection. 45 palsestricus Lw.

j The enlarged last joint of the fore tarsi of the male on the outside
without a white reflection. 20

9n C'Hind femora of the male very densely ciliated. 16 splendidus Lw.
(. Hind femora of the male sparsely ciliated. 21

/-Hind tibiae not infuscated at the tip ; the fourth joint of the fore tarsi
of the male somewhat broader than the preceding.

44 splendidulus Lw.

Hind tibiae somewhat infuscated at the tip; the 4th joint of the fore
tarsi of the male not broader than the preceding.

15 subciliatus Lw.

f Only the last joint of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged.
22 -^ 17 batillifer Lw.

(. The two last joints of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged. 23

9q ( Hind femora of the male ciliated. 18 eudactylus Lw.

I Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 19 tonsns Lw.

9 , f Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged. 20 tener Lw.

I Fore tarsi of the male plain. 25

nr- f Wings hyaline with a grayish tinge. 21 variabilis Lw.

\ Wings hyaline with a yellowish tinge. 22 luteipennis Lw.

Fourth longitudinal vein broken. 27

Fourth longitudinal vein not broken. 31

9_ ( Antennas black. 23 ramifer Lw.

\ Antennae yellowish red. 28

f Fourth longitudinal vein broken twice at right angles.

24 bifractus Lw.

28 •!

| The lower angle of the fourth longitudinal vein sharp, the upper one

rounded. 29

9q | Tarsi of the male plain. 25 vittatus Lw.

\ Fore tarsi of the male enlarged at the tip. 30

21-!

f
1

SUPPLEMENT. 325

OA ( Hind femora of the male ciliated. 26 cuprinus Wied.

tj\J S

I Hind femora of the male not ciliated. 27 longipennis Lw.

(Antennae red, at the utmost the third joint at the tip, or its larger
portion, blackened. 32

Antennae black, at the utmost the first joint, in part, red. 39

09 f Humeral callosity of the same color as the dorsum of the thorax. 33
"i
( Humeral callosity yellowish. 38

! Arista of the antennae of the male very much enlarged at the tip.
28 hastatus Lw.
Arista of the antennae of the male plain. 34

04 ( Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male not enlarged. 35

' Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male enlarged. 36

f First joint of the middle tarsi of the male feathered.

I 29 plumipes Scop.

1 First joint of the middle tarsi of the male not feathered.

30 fulvipes Lw.

f Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male with a lamelliform appendage.

31 sexarticulatua Lw.

i Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male without lamelliform appendage.

[ 37

o- f Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male small. 32 ruficornis Lie.

( Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male large. 40 lobatus Lw.

00 f Fore tarsi of the male plain. 33 scapularis Lw.

\ Fore tarsi of the male enlarged at the tip. 34 funditor Lw.

on f Antennae entirely black. 40

' First joint of the antennae partly red. 43

,Q ( Hind femora not blackened at the tip. 41

I Hind femora blackened at the tip. 42

^ f Hind tibiae not blackened at the tip. 35 chrysostomus Lw.

( Hind tibiae blackened at the tip. 46 melanocerus Lw.

f Anterior femora without dark streaks on the under side.

J 37 comatus Lw.

1 Anterior femora with dark streaks on the under side.

L 36 praeustus Lw.

40 f First joint of the hind tarsi yellow, with the exception of the tip. 44

( First joint of the hind tarsi entirely black. 45

Lamellae of the hypopygiuni ochreous-yellow, not double.

38 scoparius Lie.

44 -j Lamellae of the hypopygium ochreous yellow, double, that is, having

an inner pair of flabs besides the outer ones.

L 47 quadrilamellatus Lw.

f Tips of the hind tibiae at the utmost somewhat blackened on the in-

45 \ side. 46
I Tips of the hind tibiae distinctly black. 47

326 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

f The first joint of the antennse red on the under side only.

39 discifer Lw.

46 ^ The first joint of the antennae red, with the exception of its upper
side. 40 lobatus Lw.

f Hind tibise of the male with bristles of unusual length.

41 setosus Lw.
j Hind tibise of the male with bristles of ordinary length.

42 incisuralis Lw.

43. D. dory cerus LOEW. $ . — yEneo-viridis, oculorum tegularumque
ciliis nigris, primis duobus antennarum articulis, coxis anticis pedi-
busque saturate flavis.

$ . Seta antennarum lamellifera, tarsorum auticorum articulis ultimis
quatuor dilatatis, atris.

9

Metallic green ; cilia of the posterior orbit and of the tegulse black ; the
first two joints of the antennae, the fore coxse and the feet saturate-yellow.

£ . Arista expanded into a lamella at the end, the last four joints of the
fore tarsi enlarged, deep black.

9

Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.26.

SYN. Dolichopus dorycerus LOEW, Berl. Ent, Zeitschr. VIII, 93, 85.

Male. Bright, bronze-green, usually with extensive coppery-
red reflections. Antenna? small ; the first and second joints,
which are very much obliterated, of a saturate-yellow color ; the
third joint, which is round, and the arista, black ; the latter bears
at its tip an elliptical black lamella. The face more ochre-brown
than ochre-yellow ; the cilia on the posterior orbit altogether
black. Hypopygium black ; the lamellae of middling size, dingy
white with a rather broad black margin, jagged on the edge and
beset with black bristles, on the upper margin with black hairs.
Fore coxse with black hairs. Feet saturate-yellow ; hind femora
before the tip usually with two, sometimes with one bristle ; the
hind tibiee have upon their hind side, before the middle, a small
brown callus, and are blackened at the extreme tip on the inside.
Fore tarsi about as long as the tibise ; the first joint slender, stalk-
like, considerably longer than the following four joints together,
dark yellow, blackened only at the extreme tip ; the following

SUPPLEMENT. 327

four joints velvet-black, strongly compressed from the sides ; the
three last ones are expanded on the upper side into long lobes,
which are velvet-black on the third and fourth joints; on the
fifth joint the lobe is black only at the base, otherwise whitish.
Middle and hind tarsi, from the tip of the first joint, black.
Wings grayish-hyaline with dark-brown veins, tinged with clay-
ish-yellow in the costal, marginal, and subinarginal cells, the
costa only slightly mcrassated at the tip of the first longitudinal
vein ; the tip of the third longitudinal vein strongly deflected
backwards ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein not
broken ; the posterior margin of the wing has a deep sinus before
the unusually protruding anal angle ; the latter is again sinuated,
so as to appear bilobed.

Nab. Glen-House, White Mountains, New Hampshire, July
2, 1863. (Osten-Sacken.)

4-4. I>. spleitdidulus LOEW. £ . — Viridis, nitidus, coxis anticis
pedibusque flavis, tibiis posticis totis concoloribus, antennis tarsisque
posticis nigris, ciliis oculorum inferioribus tegularunique ciliis flavi-
caiitibus, alarum vena longitudinal! quarta non fracta.

£, . Tarsis anticis elongatis, articulo quarto prsecedentibus latiore, quinto
conipresso atro, femoribus posticis minus coufertini flavo-ciliatis.

9

Green, shining, fore coxse and feet yellow ; the hind tibiae not blackened

at the tip ; antennae and hind tarsi black ; cilia of the inferior orbit and

of the tegulae yellowish.
£ . Fore tarsi elongated, fourth joint broader than the preceding; the

fifth joint laterally compressed, black ; hind femora ciliated with rather

sparse yellowish hairs.

9

Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 0.22-0.23.

SYN. Dolichopus splendidulns LOEW, Berl. Eut. Zeitschr. VIII, 91, 82.

Male. Metallic green, bright, shining. Face rather bright-
yellow. Antenna? altogether black ; the third joint short-ovate.
Front shining green. Cilia of the inferior orbit pale-yellowish.
Larnellte of the hypopygium broad, ovate, whitish ; on the upper
and the apical margins with a very narrow blackish border ; apical
margin jagged and beset with black bristles. The four hind coxa?
are blackish, only at the extreme tip yellow. Fore coxae yellow,
somewhat blackened only at the extreme basis, beset with short

328 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

black little hairs almost upon the whole front side. Feet yellow.
The hind femora before the tip with a bristle, upon the greater
part of the under side sparsely ciliated with rather long yellowish
hairs. Hind tibia; of ordinary strength, not infuscated at the
tip, with a long glabrous streak upon the hind side. Fore tarsi
abundantly one and a half the length of the tibias ; the first four
joints yellow, on the inside with a somewhat whitish reflection;
stalk-shaped from the first to the third joint ; the fourth joint late- !
rally compressed, somewhat broader than the preceding, especially
towards the tip ; the first joint nearly as long as the three follow-
ing together ; the fifth joint black, compressed, broad, especially
towards the tip, beset on the upper side with closely appressed
little hairs. Middle tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint.
Hind tarsi altogether black. Cilia of the tegulse whitish. Wings
hyaline, somewhat grayish, of rather uniform breadth ; the costa
at the tip of the first longitudinal vein with a weak and very
short swelling ; the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Hab. White Mountains, New Hampshire, July, 1863. (Osten-
Sackcn.)

Observation. — This species has an extraordinary resemblance
with D. splendidus on one side, and with D. subciliatus on the
other. It4differs from D. splendidus, with which it agrees more
with regard to the structure of the fore tarsi, by the less densely
ciliated hind femora, and by the smaller extent of the incrassa-
tion of the costa. D. subciliatus has longer and more slender
fore tarsi, the fourth joint of which is as slender as the preceding ;
it has the hind tibiae infuscated at the tip ; the cilia of its hind
femora are not only more scarce but also shorter, finally the swell-
ing of the costa is more extended. Moreover, not only D. splendi-
dus, but also D. subciliatus are considerably larger than D. splen-
didulus. This character will enable us to distinguish the female
of D. splendidulus from that of D. splendidus, as well as from
the female of D. subciliatus ; the two latter, however, cannot be
confounded on account of the different color of the hind tibite.

45. D. palaestrictis LOE\V. £ and 9- — ^Ineo-viridis, pedibus flavis,

coxis anticis tibiisque posticis totis concoloribus, aiitennis tarsisque
posticis nigris, ciliis oculormn inferioribus tegularumque ciliis flavi-
cantibus, vena alarum longitudinal! quarta iion fractft.
£ . Ultimo tarsoruui auticoruni articulo aduioduui dilatato, nigro, in latere

SUPPLEMENT. ,'llM)

externo albo-micante ; femorum posticorum ciliis flavicantibus, non
confertis.

9 • Pedibus simplicibus.

Metallic green ; feet yellow ; fore coxae and the whole hind tibife of the
same color; antenme and hind tarsi black; cilia of the inferior orbit and
of the tegulse yellowish; the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

% . The last joint of the tore tarsi very much enlarged, black, on the out-
side with a white reflection ; the yellowish cilia of the hind femora
sparse.

9 • Feet plain.

Long. corp. 0.24. Long. al. 0.23.

SYN. Dolichopus palaestricus LOEW, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. VIII, 92, 84.

Metallic green, bright. Face of the male narrow, more pale
ochre-yellowish than golden-yellow ; the face of the female broader
and paler. Antenna? entirely black ; the third joint of the male
ovate, that of the female shorter. Front green, bright. Cilia of
the inferior orbit yellowish. Fore coxae yellow, on the front
side with a short black pubescence. The four posterior coxa3
yellow only at the extreme tip. Hind femora with a bristle before
the tip. Fore tarsi of the female and middle tarsi in both sexes
blackened from the tip of the first joint. Hind tarsi black, ex-
cepting only the extreme basis, which is yellowish-brown. Cilia
of the tegulse yellowish. Wings grayish hyaline ; fourth longi-
tudinal vein not broken.

Male. Lamellae of the hypopygium whitish, of moderate size
and oval form ; on the upper and apical margin they have a nar-
row black border, the latter is jagged and beset with black
bristles. Hind femora sparsely ciliated with yellow hairs. Fore
tarsi once and a half so long as the tibia? ; the first four joints
yellow, with a white reflection on their sides, slender, stalk-like ;
the first joint as long as the three following together, the second
abundantly one and a half so long as the third ; the third some-
what broader than the preceding, especially toward its tip ; the
fourth considerably shorter and broader than the third ; the fifth
joint laterally compressed, very much enlarged, black, with a silky
reflection ; on the outside this reflection sometimes appears almost
silvery. Hind tibiee somewhat thickened ; the two thirds of their
hind side without any pubescence. The costa at the tip of the
first longitudinal vein with a rather elongated swelling.

Hab. New Hampshire. (Osten-Sacken.)

330 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Observation 1. — D. palsestricus is very much like D. batillifer.
It differs from it in both sexes by the somewhat larger antennae,
and principally by the hind tarsi, which are black as far as the
extreme basis ; moreover the male has distinctly shorter fore tarsi
and their first three joints are somewhat stouter ; the cilia of the
hind femora are more scarce ; the hind tibiae are less thickened,
and the glabrous spot on their hind side is longer. The female
may be distinguished from the somewhat uncertain female of D.
splendidus, and from the as yet unknown female of D. splendidu-
lus by the pubescence on the sides of the abdomen, which is, to
a greater extent, of a pale color ; from the female of D. nudus it
differs by the under side of the first joint of the antennae not
being red.

Observation 2. — The discovery of the present species makes it
necessary to mention, in the diagnosis of D. batillifer, the pale
color of the first joint of the hind tarsi, and the very dense fringe
of cilia on the hind femora of the male.

46. D. melanocei'lis LOEW. 'J, and 9. — yEneo-viridis, antennis
nigris, inferioribus oculoruin ciliis flavicaiitibus, ciliis tegularum uigris,
coxis anticis pedibusque flavis, tarsis anterioribus hide ab articuli primi
apice, tibiarurn posticarum apice tarsisque posticis totis uigris.

•J, . Facie subaurea, tarsis simplicibus, femoribus posticis flavo-ciliatis.

9 . Facie albicante, femoribus posticis non ciliatis.

Metallic green ; antennae black ; cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish ; cilia
of the tegulse black : fore coxje and feet yellow ; the four anterior tarsi,
from the tip'of the first joint, the tip of the hind femora and the whole
hind tarsi black.

^, . Face almost golden-yellow ; hind femora with yellowish cilia.

$ . Face whitish ; hind femora not ciliated.

Long. corp. 0.20. Long. al. 0.20.

SYN. Dolickopus melanocerus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch. VIII, 93, 86.

Male. Metallic green, bright. Front bright green. Antemife
entirely black, rather large ; the third joint elongated-ovate,
rather of equal breadth. Face rather narrow, golden-yellowish,
but not shining. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish. Lamelke
of the hypopygium of medium size, ovate, whitish, with a narrow
black border, jagged on the apical margin and beset with blnck
bristles. Fore coxse yellow, somewhat blackened at the extreme
basis, and clothed on the front side with a black pubescence.
Feet yell^tv ; hind femora before the tip with a bristle, ciliated un

SUPPLEMENT. 331

the under side with scattered yellowish hairs. Hind tilme at the
tip, to a considerable extent, black; on the hind side with a gla-
brous streak, which reaches from the basis up to the tip. Fore
and middle tarsi blackened from the tip of the first joint ; hind
tarsi altogether black. Cilia of the tegulee black. Wings with a
rather dark-gray tinge, and with black veins ; the costa has, at the
tip of the first longitudinal vein, a very short knot-like swelling ;
the fourth longitudinal vein is not broken.

Female. The plastic characters, which .distinguish the male
are wanting here, otherwise it resembles the male very much.
The antennas are considerably shorter and their last joint is much
smaller. The face is very much broader, grayish-white, with but
little admixture of yellowish.

Hob. Canada. (Couper.)

Observation. — The male cannot be mistaken for any other
species. The female differs from that of D. comatus by its more
considerable size, darker wings, and the absence of a dark tip on
the hind femora. It cannot be mistaken for the as yet unknown
female of D. chrysostomus, on account of the extended black
color of the tip of its hind tibiaa. All the other species, with the
females of which it could be confounded, have the antennas not
entirely black.

. D. qiiadrilamellatlis LOEW. $ and 9 . — Viridis, nitens, an-
tennis nigris, margine infero articuli primi rufescente, facie alba, inferi-
oribus oculorum ciliis albidis, ciliis tegularum nigris, coxis anticis
pedibusque flavis, tarsis posterioribus inde ab articuli primi apice nigris,
alarum vena longitudinal! quarta non fracta.

£ . Duobus ultimis tarsorum anticorum articulis depressis, atris ; lamellis
hypopygii ochraceis, bilobis.

9 . Tarsis anticis inde ab articuli primi apice nigris.

Green, shining ; antennae black ; the inferior margin of the first joint red-
dish ; face white ; the cilia of the inferior orbit whitish ; cilia of the
tegulse black ; fore coxae and feet yellow, the four posterior tarsi from
the tip of the first joint black ; the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

$ . The two last joints of the fore tarsi flattened, black ; lamellae of the
hypopygium ochre-yellow, bilobed.

9 . Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint black.

Long. corp. 0.27. Long. al. 0.2(i.

SYN. Dolichopus quadrilai<iellatus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VIII, 92, 83.

Mnle. Metallic green, shining. Front shining green. An-
tennae only of middle size, black, the inferior edge of the first

332 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART IT.

joint red, which, however, in some specimens, can be perceived
only at a careful examination. The face rather broad for a male,
whitish, on its uppermost part more yellowish-white. Cilia of
the inferior orbit whitish. The lamellae of the hypopygium are
dark ochre-yellow and with two flabs, so that, at a superficial
glance, the hypopygium appears to have four lamellae ; the longer
flab has a narrow black-brown border, is not jagged at all. and
beset with some delicate pale hairs. Fore coxas yellow, a little
blackened at the extreme basis only, on the front side with a fine
and scattered blackish pubescence. The hind coxas yellow at the
extreme tip only. Feet yellow ; the hind femora with a bristle
before the tip. Fore tarsi not quite 1^ as long as the tibias ;
their first three joints yellow, stalk-like, slender, rapidly decreas-
ing in length ; the first joint about as long as the three follow-
ing together ; the two last joints flattened, black and covered
with black hair, so as to appear rather broad. The hind side of
the hind tibiae only with a very narrow glabrous streak in the
shape of a line. Middle and hind tarsi from the tip of the first
joint black. Cilia of the tegulaa black. Wings grayish-hyaline;
the costa without visible swelling at the tip of the first longitudinal
vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Female. Yery much resembling the male. Antennas some-
what shorter. Face broader, whitish, not yellowish-white on its
upper part. Fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint, blackened.
Hob. Palissades, New Jersey ; in June. (Osten-Sacken.)
Observation. — The female will probably have to be distinguished
from the still unknown female of D. scoparius by its larger size
and the smaller extent of the black at the basis of the fore coxas.

Gen. III. OYMJVOPTER1VUS.

Corrected Table for the determination of the Species.

, ( Coloring non-metallic. 1 flavus Lw.

t Coloring metallic. 2

2 ( Third joint of the antennae with an elongated point. 2 subulatus Lw.
\ Third joint of the antennae without elongated point. 3

o ( Prevailing color of the feet black. 4

( Prevailing color of the feet yellow. 7

I Third joint of the antennae with a very distinct pubescence.
3 scotias Lw.
Third joint of the antennae with a scarcely visible pubescence. 5

SUPPLEMENT. 333

r ( Bright metallic green. 24 pusillus n. sp.

t) ~s

' Black-green. 6

fi f Wings tinged with gray. 4 barbatulus Lw.

( Wing blackish. 5 tristis u. sp.

,. j Tip of the hind femora blackish. 6 exilis Liu.

( Tip of the hind femora not blackish. 8

f Thorax dark violet. 9

o -<
(. Thorax not violet. 10

Q ( Fore coxae as far as the tip, blackish. 7 spectabilis Lw.

"i

( Fore coxa? yellowish. 8 albiceps Lw.

, „ ( Antennae entirely black. 11

I Antennae entirely or partly red. 21

-. , ( Fore coxa? at least at the basis distinctly blackened. 12

(. Fore coxae entirely yellow. 15

,9 ( Lamella? of the hypopygium black. 25 chalcochrus, nov. sp.

~" (. Lamellae of the hypopygium yellowish. 13

f Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male somewhat enlarged.
13 j 9 subdilatatus Lie.

( Last joint of the fore tarsi of the male not enlarged at all. 14

, , f Fore 00x33 as far as the tip, blackened. 26 coxalis Lw.

I Fore coxa blackened only at the basis. 27 meniscus Lw.

,,.( Lamellae of the hypopygium black. 11 freqi;ens Lw.

J. 0 ~\

( Lamellae of the hypopygium not black. 16

, p f Hind tarsi entirely black. 28 humilis, nov. sp.

( Hind tarsi not entirely black. 17

, „ f Lamellae of the hypopygium dark-yellow. 12 lunifer Lw.

(. Lamellae of the hypopygium whitish-yellow. 18

,„ ( Internal appendages of the hypopygium penicillate. 13 fimbriatus I. if.
\ Internal appendages of the hypopygium not penicillate. 1 9

,q ( Face yellow. 29 exiguus, nov. sp.

( Face whitish. 20

f Third and fourth longitudinal veins strongly convergent towards their
end. 14 despicatus Lw.

orv

1 Third and fourth longitudinal veins altogether parallel.

15 difficilis Lw.

( Hind tarsi from the tip of the first joint black. 10 laevigatus Lie.

21 < Hind tarsi towards the tip a little darker, at the utmost brown, never

I black. 22

{Middle and hind coxae, from the basis, distinctly blackened. 23

Middle and hind coxae yellow, the former at the utmost somewhat
grayish. 25

334 D1PTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

i The lower part of the face, in the female, distinctly clothed with hair.
23 .' It) nigribarbus Lw.

i The lower part of the face not hairy. 24

9 ( Antenna small. 17 parvicornis Lw.

\ Antennae rather large. IS opacus Lw.

9r ( Venter and posterior margin of the pleurae not yellow. 2(5

I Venter and posterior margin of the pleurae yellow. 27

0 , ( Thorax shining, front white. 19 politus Lw.

' 1 Thorax rather dull, front gray. 20 debilis Lw.

( Hypopygium very stout and large. 21 crassicauda Lw.

\ Hypopygium of ordinary thickness and size.
9S f Antennae very small. 22 minutus Liu.

\ Antennas of middle size. 23 ventralis Liu.

19. G. politus LOEW. £ and 9.

I have now obtained also the male of this species. The cres-
cent-shaped lamellae of the hypopygiurn are white-yellowish, their
interior appendages not penicillate. The dorsum of the thorax
is not quite so bright as that of the female, which otherwise it
resembles very much.

24. G. piasillus, nov. sp. £ . — Laete viridis, nitens, facie alba, coxis

praeter apicem femoribusque nigris.
Bright green ; face white ; coxae, with the exception of the tip and the

femora, black.
Long. corp. 0.10. Long. al. 0.11.

Bright metallic-green, by no means black-green, shining. Front
with a not very conspicuous gray-whitish dust. Antennae black ;
the third joint not very small, with an almost imperceptible pu-
bescence. Coxae black, their second joint yellowish. Femora
black, the tip of the four anterior ones to a considerable extent
yellowish. Tibias yellow. Tarsi at the basis yellow, from the
tip of the first joint blackened. (The hind tarsi are wanting.)
Wings with a brownish-gray tinge.

TIab. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Observation. — A single female of this species is in my posses-
sion for some time; but the rather imperfect condition of this
h|)ccimcn, and the hope of obtaining better ones, induced me to
delay the publication of this species. As my hope has not IMS n
fulfilled, I furnish its description now. It is easily distinguished

SUPPLEMENT. 335

from all other species with black feet, by its smaller size, and by
its color, which is not black-green, but pure green.

"25. (w. clialcochrus, nov. sp. £ and $> . — ^Eneo-viridis, nitens,
anteunis nigfis, pedibus flavis, coxis omnibus, praeter apiceni, lamellisque
hypopygii uigris.

Metallic green, shining ; antenna black ; feet yellow, all the coxse with the
exception of the tip and the lamellae of the hypopygium black.

Long. corp. 0.15—0.16. Long. al. 0.15—0.16.

Metallic green, shining. Antennae entirely black ; the third
joint short, with a not easily perceptible pubescence. Front
covered with white dust. Face of the £ ochre-yellow, sometimes
rather brownish-yellow, that of the 9 grayish-white ; cilia of the
inferior orbit black. Upper side of the thorax covered with gray
or brown-gray dust, which is distinctly visible, when the upper
side of the thorax is looked at in an oblique direction. Fore
coxae blackened as far as the middle or nearly as far as the tip ;
the four hind? coxa? yellow only at the tip. Feet yellow ; tarsi
from the tip of the first joint strongly colored with brown or
blackened, the crescent-shaped lamella of the hypopygium black.
Wings tinged with blackish-gray and with brownish-black veins.

Hab. District of Columbia ; Kow York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation. — The female has, in the plastic characters, much
in common with the female of G. spectabilis, of which I have now
three specimens ; but the latter is somewhat larger, and the third
and fourth longitudinal veins of the wings seem to be somewluit
closer to each other ; I cannot, therefore, believe that G. spectabi-
lis is only a variety in color of G. chalcochrus, and hope that my
"view will be sustained through the discovery of the still unknown
male of G. spectabilis.

26. <i. coxalis LOEW. £. — JEneo-viridis, nitens, antennis nigris,
coxis omnibus prseter apicem nigris, pedibus lamellisque hypopygii
flavis, articulo ultimo tarsorum antiuorum maris non dilatato.

Metallic green, shining ; antenna? black ; all coxse, with the exception of
the tip, black ; the feet and the lamellae of the hypopygium yellow ; the
last joint of the fore tarsi of the male not enlarged.

Long. corp. 0.14. Long. al. 0.14 — 0.15.

SYN. C/jmnopfernus coxalis LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VIII, 04, 87.

Metallic green, shining. Front with whitish dust, The nn-
tennte altogether black ; their third joint ovate ; the face some-

So,") DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [rART II.

what broader than in the males of most of the other species, and
white. All the coxae black, only the extreme tip yellow. Feet
yellow ; the four anterior tarsi, from the tip of the first joint,
blackened ; the hindmost black, with the exception. of the basal
half of the first joint ; the last joint of the fore tarsi not enlarged.
Hab. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

Observation, — I dare not positively decide whether' a male,
which Mr. Le Baron caught in Illinois, belongs to this species or
not. It differs from the above described typical males in a re-
markable degree, as it has the first two-thirds of the fore femora
and the upper side of the hind femora infuscated, and the hind
tarsi, with the exception of the extreme basis of the first joint,
of a black color ; moreover, the third joint of the antennas is a
little shorter. I would not venture to establish a separate species
upon this single specimen.

Cr. meniscus LOEW. £ and 9 • — /Eneo-viridis, uitens, antennis
nigris, coxis anticis piaster basim, pedibus lamellisque hypopygii flavis.

Metallic green, shining ; antennas black ; fore coxae, with the exception of
the basis, feet, and lamellae of the hypopygium, yellow.

Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.15.

SYN. Gymnopternus meniscus LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VIII, 94, 88.

Resembles the G. coxalis very much, but is somewhat larger
and more of a bronze color. Fore coxae black always only at the
basis ; the third joint of the antennae a little shorter and broader,
all the rest like the preceding.

Hab. District of Columbia. (Osten-Sacken.)

28. €r. liumilis, nov. sp. £ and 9 . — ^Eneo-viridis, nitens, antennis
nigris, facie alba, coxis anticis totis, pedibus lamellisque hypopygii flavis,
tibiarum posticarum apice infuscato, tarsis posticis totis nigris.

Metallic green, shining ; the antennae black ; face white ; the whole fore
coxae, the feet, and the lamellae of the hypopygium yellow ; the tip of
the hind tibiae infuscated : hind tarsi entirely black.

Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

Metallic green, shining. Front covered with white dust. The
antennae altogether black. The narrow face of the male white,
the very broad face of the female whitish. The crescent-shaped
lamellae of the hypopygium yellow, sometimes almost dark-yellow.
Fore coxa? altogether yellow; middle coxa? on the whole outside,

SUPPLEMENT. 337

hind coxae at least on a part of it, blackish. Feet yellow ; the
hind tibiae of the female are indistinctly infuscated at the tip ; those
of the male are distinctly infuscated or even blackened, especially
upon their inner side. The hind tarsi are entirely black. Wings
tinged with blackish-gray.

Hob. New York (Osten-Sacken) ; Illinois (Le Baron).

29. G. exiglllis, nov. sp. £ . — .ZEneus, nitens, antennis nigris, faci6
ochracea, coxis anticis totis, pedibus lamellisque hypopygii flavis.

Bronze-colored, shining ; antennae black ; face ochre-yellow ; the whole

fore coxae, the feet, and the lamellae of the hypopygium yellow.
Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

More bronze-colored than metallic green, shining. Front
covered with a gray-whitish dust. Antennae altogether black,
the narrow face brownish ochre-yellow. The crescent-shaped
lamellaa of the hypopygium yellowish. Fore coxaa entirely yel-
low ; also the four posterior COXSB mostly yellow, but the whole
outside of the middle coxa? and a considerable portion of the out-
side of the hind coxa? blackish. Feet yellow ; the tarsi, with the
exception of the basis, strongly iufuscated. Wings gray.

Hab. Illinois. (Le Baron.)

Gen. V. PELASTO]VEIIRUS.

Corrected Table for determining the Species.

-. ( Cilia of the inferior orbit black. 2

I Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish. 6

!A bright white, glittering spot on the posterior margin of the thorax.
1 longicauda Lour.
No such white spot on the posterior margin of the thorax. 3

0 f Wings blackened. 2 lugubris Loe w.
I Wings tinged with blackish-gray. 4

!Fore COX33 altogether yellow ; lamellae of the hypopygium long.
3 laetus Loew.
Fore coxae not altogether yellow ; lamellae of the hypopygiuiu short. :")

,. ( Only the basis of the fore coxae blackened. C lamellatus Lone.

(. The whole fore coxae blackened. 7 abbreviatus LUKW.

„ / Fore coxae blackened at the basis. 4 vagans Loew.

i Fore coxae entirely yellow. 7

f Dorsum of the thorax of a iiuiform color. 5 cognatus Loeio.

1 \ Dorsum of the thorax copper-colored, with blue-green stripes.

8 alternans Loew.

22

323 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

6. P. lamellatus LOEW. £. — Obscure viridi-seneus, postica thoracis
parte et scutello violaceis, seta antennarum pilis longioribus plum;:t;i,
ciliis oculorum inferioribus iiigris, pedibus flavis, coxis anticis couoolori-
bus, basim versus nigris, lamellis hypopygii brevibus, iiigris.

Dark bronze-green, the hind part of the thorax and the scutelluin violet :
arista feathered with rather long hairs ; cilia of the inferior orbit black ;
feet and fore coxze yellow, the latter black at the basis ; the short lamellae
of the hypopygium black.

Long. corp. 0.12. Long. al. 0.12.

SYN. Pelastoneurus lamellatus LOEW, Berl. Entom. Zeitsch. VIII, 95, 90.

Dark green, bronze-colored, the larger portion of the posterior
part of the dorsum of the thorax and the scutellum violet. Front
dark violet, shining. Antennae dusky red, most of the third joint
black-brown. The feathery pubescence of the arista rather long.
Face with a white reflection. Cilia of the inferior orbit black.
The impression on the lateral end of the transverse suture of the
thorax with a bright white reflection. The lamellae of the hypo-
pygium short, rather crescent-shaped, black and covered with
black hair. Fore coxae yellow, blackened from the basis up to
the middle. Feet yellow ; the extreme tip of the hind femora
black. Middle tibiae at the extreme tip, hind tibiae at the extreme
basis and tip, brown or black-brown ; fore tarsi, towards the end.
strongly infuscated ; the four posterior tarsi, with the exception
of the basis, brownish-black. Tegulae whitish, with black cilia.
Wings tinged with blackish-gray ; the space between the third
and fourth longitudinal veins comparatively broad.

Hab. New York. (Osten-Sacken.)

7. P. alJbreviatus LOEW. %, and J • — Obscure viridi-seneus, seta
antennarum breviter plumata, ciliis oculorum inferioribus nigris, pedibus
ex testaceo flavis, femoribus anterioribus basim versus interdum infus-
catis, coxis omnibus nigris, lamellis hypopygii brevibus, uigris.

Dark-green, bronze-colored ; arista feathered with short hairs ; cilia of the
inferior orbit black ; feet brownish-yellow ; the anterior femora towards
the basis sometimes infuscated ; all tbe coxa? blackish ; the short lamellae
of the hypopygium black.

Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Pelastonenrus albreviatus LOEW, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. VIII, 94, 89.

Dnrk green, bronze-colored. Front dark steel-blue. Antenmu
rather dull red ; third joint mostly black-brown. Arista of the
antennae feathered with very short hairs. The face of the male

SUPPLEMENT. 339

with a white reflection, that of the female dark-gray, covered with
whitish dust only at the top and on the lateral margin. Cilia of
the inferior orbit black. Upper side of the thorax somewhat
covered with brown dust, more shining towards the posterior
margin ; the impression on the lateral end of the transverse suture
with a white reflection. Scutellum steel-blue. Lamellae of the
hypopygium short, crescent-shaped, black, and covered with black
hair. All the coxa? blackish. Feet yellow, or brownish-yellow ;
the tip of the hind femora black ; the fore femora are often infus-
cated to a considerable extent towards the basis ; the middle
femora also sometimes show, towards the basis, a distinct infusca-
tion ; the extreme tip of the middle tibiae, as also the basis and
the tip of the hind tibiae are usually also somewhat infuscated.
Fore tarsi, towards the tip, strongly infuscated ; middle and hind
tarsi, with the exception of the basis, black-brown. Tegulse
yellowish with black cilia. Wings tinged with blackish-gray ;
the space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins rather
narrow.

Nub. New Rochelle, N. Y., in June. (Osten-Sacken.)

8. P. alternans LOEW. 9 . — Obscure viridis, vittis thoracis alter-
nantibus seneo-cupreis et ex c;eruleo viridibus, seta antennarum brevis-
sime subplutnata, ciliis oculorum inferioribns albidis, coxis anticis
pedibusque flavis.

Dark green ; the thorax alternately with dark copper-red and blue-green
longitudinal stripes ; arista feathered with very short hairs ; cilia of the
inferior orbit whitish; fore coxse and feet yellow.

Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.13.

SYN. Pelastoneurus alternans LOETV, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VIII, 95, 91.

Dark bronze-green ; thorax with alternately blue-green and dark
copper-colored longitudinal stripes. Front steel-blue. Antennae
red, most of the third joint black-brown ; the arista feathered
with very short hairs. Face narrower than in the females of
other species, dark gray. Cilia of the inferior orbit whitish.
Scutellum blue-green, almost steel-blue. The impression on the
latei'al margin of the thorax has a bright white reflection. The
whole fore coxse and the feet yellow ; hind femora scarcely some-
what blackened at the extreme tip ; the tarsi from the tip of the
first joint black. Tegnla? white-yellowish, with black cilia.
Wings tinged with blackish-gray.

Hab. New Roohelle, X. Y. (Osten-Sacken.)

340 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

Gen. XX. PORPHYROPS.

5. P. longipes LOEW. £ . — Viridis, facie alba, coxis ex viridi nigris,
pedibus anterioribus flavis, ultimis tarsorum articulis nigris, pedibus
posticis nigris, femorum basi tibiisque supra (basi tamen excepta)
testaceis, apice harnm tarsisque fuscis, exterioribus hypopygii appen-
dicibus filiforrnibus, bipartitis.

Green ; face white ; coxae black-green ; the four anterior feet yellow, the
last joints of the tarsi black ; the basis of the femora and the upper side
of the tibise, with the exception of the tip, brownish-yellow, the tip of the
tibiae and the tarsi brown ; the exterior appendages of the hypopygium
linear, bipartite.

Long. corp. 0.26. Long. al. 0.21.

SYN. Porpliyrops longipes LOEW, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VIII, 95, 92.

Dark green, shining ; thorax with two narrow approximated
dark streaks. Front covered with white dust. Antennae black ;
the third joint lanceolate ; the arista a little shorter than the
antennas. The narrow face white. The lower part of the occiput
clothed with dense yellowish hair. Abdomen above with black,
on the sides with yellowish-white hairs. The exterior appendages
of the hypopygium dusky yellowish, linear, bipartite, and beset
with delicate whitish hairs. Fore feet yellow ; the two last joints
of the tarsi black ; the tip of the preceding joint black-brown ;
the fore femora upon the latter part of the upper side, blackened ;
the tip of the first joint of the fore tarsi incrassated, almost denti-
form on the under side. Hind femora black with brownish-yellow
basis. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi comparatively stout ; the tibiae
black, on the upper side, with the exception of the tip, brownish-
yellow or yellow, the tip brown ; the tarsi brown, their tips black.
All the feet longer than in most of the other species of Porphyrnpa.
All the coxae greenish-black with a pale pubescence ; the middle
ones, at their tips, with black, approximated bristles, forming a
tuft, not unlike a thorn. Tegulae yellowish, with whitish cilia.
Wings tinged with brownish-gray and with blackish-brown veins ;
the end of the third longitudinal vein gently curved downwards ;
the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein inflected.

Hab. White Mountains, New Hampshire. (Osten-Sacken.)

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

PLATE III.

1. Hygroceleutlms LATIPES Lw. £ .

a. head ^ , 6. head 9 > c- antenna £ , and d. wing $ .

2. Doliciiopus FCTJJDITOR Lw. £ .

a. head £ , 6. head 9 i c- antenna £ , and c?. wing 9 •

3. Rliagoneurtis POLYCHROMES Lw. £ .

a. head £ , 6. antenna £ , and c. wing 9 •

4. Gymnopternus LUNIFEK iw. £ .

rt. head £ , and b. head 9 °f Gymnopternus crassicauda Lw. — c. an-
tenna £ of Gr. lunifer. — f/. antenna £ of G. subulatus Lw. — e.
wing 9 °f G. crassicauda.

5. Pelastoneurus VAGANS Lw. ^ .

a. antenna £ , i. head ^ , c. head 9 > and rf. wing ^ .

6. Tacliytrechus VORAX Lw. ^ .

a. head £ of T. vorax. — 6. head £ of T. moechus Lw. — c. antenna
£ of T. vorax. — d. antenna £ of T. moechus. — e. wing 9 of
T. vorax.

7. Paraclius ALBONOTATUS Lw. £ .

a. head 9 > &• antenna 9 > au(i c- wing 9 of P. arcuatus Lw.

8. Ortliochile SOCCATA Lw. ^ .

a. and 6. head £ , c. antenna £ , and d. wing £ of same.

9. Hercostomus UNICOLOR Lw. % .

a. antenna £ , and b. wing of same.

PLATE IV.

10. SyMstroma NODICORNIS Meig. £ . —

a. and b. head 9 , c. head £ , d. antenna 9 > e- antenna $ , and
/. wing 1 of the same.

( 341 )

342 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

11. Hypoplayllus DISCIPES Ahr. £ .

a. head 9 , b. antenna 9 , c. antenna £ , and d. wing £ of the
same.

12. Haltericerus EUCERUS Lw. £ .

a. head £ , 6. antenna 9 , c. antenna £> , and d. wing £ of the
same.

13. Diostracus PKASINUS Lw. $ .

a. antenna £ , 6. head £ , c. head 9 ) and d. wing £ of the same.

14. Anepsius FLAVIVENTKIS Meig. £ .

a. head $ , 6. antenna $ , and c. wing $ of the same.

15. Argyra ALBICANS Lw. $ .

a. head $ , 6. head 9 > c- antenna £ , d. antenna 9 , and e. wing
£ of the same.1

16. Syntoriuou METATHESIS Lw. £ .

a. head % , ft. head 9 > c- antenna £ from the outside, e?. antenna
9 from the inside, e. antenna $ inside, and /. wing $ of the
same.2

17. Synartlirus PAOIARIS Lz«. $ .

a. head 9 > and b. head $ of £. pallipes Fabr. — c. antenna $ , and
f/. wing £ of 5. palmar is.

IS. SysteilMS SCHOLTZII i?<;. ^ .

a. head £ of 5. bipartitus Lw. — &. antenna ^ of 5. Scholtzii. — d.
wing $ of <S. adpropinquans Lw.

PLATE V.

19. Rliapliilim LONGICORNE Meig. ^ .

a. head 9 > 6. head £ , c. head 9 ) d- antenna 'J, , and e. antenna
9 of the same.—/, antenna 9 of & lugubre. — g. wing 9 of
R. longicorne.

20. Xipiianclriiim QUADRIFILATUM Lw. -J, .

a. head'J,, and b. head 9 of X. caliginosum Meig. — c. antenna ^
of X. quadrifilatum, — d. antenna £ , e. antenna 9 , and f, wing
9 of X. caliginosum.

21. Porpliyrops MELAMPUS Lw. ^.

a. head ^ , 6. head 9 > c- antenna ^ , d. antenna 9 > and e. wing
$ of the same.

1 The antennal arista of the £ was made by the engraver a little too
long, that of the 9 a little too short.

2 Owing to a mistake, which was discovered too late, the posterior trans-
verse vein is wanting in fig. /in some of the impressions of this plate.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 343

22. Smiliotus MARITIME Hal. £ .

a. antenna £, of *S. thinophiius Lw. — b. antenna £ , c. head $ , c/.
head 9 , and e. wing £ of S. maritimse.

23. Aplirosylus RAPTOR Walk. £ .

a. antenna $ , 6. and c. head $ , d. wing £ of the same.

24. Tliiiiophilus FLAVIPALPIS Zett. £ .

a. antenna $, ?>. head £ , c. head 9> d. wing 9 of the same.

25. Peodes FORCIPATUS Lw. $ .

a. head£, 6. head 9> c- antenna £, d. wing £ of the same.

26. NematoproctUS DISTENDENS Mfig. £ .

a. head $ , b. head 9 > c- antenna £ , rf. wing $ of the same.

27. Leucostola CINGULATA iw. £ .

a. head £ , b. antenna $ , and c. wing $ of the same.

PLATE VI.

28. Eutarsus AULICOS Met p. £ .

a. head £> , 6. antenna £ , and c. wing £ of the same.

29. Diapliorus SPECTABILIS Lw. % .

a. head £, , 6. head 9 °f -O- sodalis Lw. — c. head ^ , and c/. an-
tenna £ of ZX spectabilis. — e. wing 9 of Z). interruptus Lw.

30. Liyroiieurus C.ERULESCENS Lw. 9 •

a. head 9 > b. the same from the side, c. antenna 9 , d. wing 9
of the same.

31. ClirysotllS OBLIQUUS Lw. £ •

a. head 9> and 6- head £ of C. obliquus.—c. head $ of (7. vividus
Lw. — rf. antenna ^ of C. vividus. — e. antenna £ of C. obliquus
Lw.—f. antenna $ of C. cornutus Lw. — </. wing ^ of (7. vividus.

32. Teucliopliorus MONACANTHUS Lw. ^ .

a. head $ , 6. antenna £ , and c. wing ^ of the same.

33. Campsiciiemus CLAUDICANS Lw. ^ .

a. head £ of (7. ctaudicans. — 6. middle foot £ and antenna £ of
C. hirtipes Lw.— c/. antenna $ and wing 9 of (7. claudicans.

34. Sympycnus NODATUS Za>. ^ .

a. head ^ , 6. head 9 , c. antenna 9 > ^- antenna $ of £. nodatus. —
e. wing -J, of S. tertianus Lw.

35. L.iaiical«is GENUALIS Lw. ^ .

«. antenna 'J, , 6. head 9 , <-'• head ^ , and d. wing 9 of the same.

36. Plagioneiirus TTNIVITTATDS Zw. 9.

a. head 9 > &• antenna 9 > au(i c. wing 9 of the same.

344 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

PLATE VII.

37. Scellus AVIDUS Lw. £ .

a. head £ , b. antenna £ , and c. wing $ of the same.

38. Hydropltorus INNOTATUS Lw. £ .

a. antenna ^ , b. head 9 » c- wing £ of the same.

39. Medeterus DIADEMA Linn. £ .

a. and b. head £ , c. antenna £ , and d. wing 9 of the same.

40. AchalcUS FLAVICOLLIS Meig. 9 •

a. and b. head 9 > c- wing 9 > an(i d. wing 9 °f the same.

41. Xantlioclllorus HELVINDS Lw. $ .

a. head £ , 6. antenna $ , c. wing $ of X. ornatus Hal.

42. Clirysotimus PUSIO Lw. % .

a. head 9 , b. antenna $ , c. wing £ of C. molliculus Fall.

43. Saucropus DIMIDIATUS Lw. ^ .

a. antenna 9 from the outside, b. antenna £ from the inside, c.
head 9 » d. head $ , and e. wing $ of the same.

44. Psilopus FILIPES Lw. $ .

a. head £ of Ps. filipes. — 6. head $ of Ps. scobinator Lw. — c. head
£ of Ps. pollens Wied. — cZ. antenna £ of Ps. scintillans Lw. —
e. antenna £ of Ps. pilosus Lw. — -f. antenna £ of Ps- comatus
Lw. — jr. antenna £ of an undescribed species from Ceylon,
related to Ps. globulifer Wied. — h. wing $ of A. psittacinus
Lw. — i. wing £ of Ps. scobinator.

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS,

EXPLANATORY TO THE PLATES.

ALTHOUGH the present publication on North American Dolichopodidas was
based upon a considerable number of species, it can be safely assumed
that these species do not represent all the Genera occurring in North
America. I have, therefore, added the characters of even those genera of
the family, representative species of which have not yet been found on
that continent, and I hope that this addition will prove useful to those
desirous of studying this family in detail. In order to facilitate the recog-
nition of generic characters, five plates, drawn for this purpose, have been
added to this volume. But as on these plates every genus is represented
only by a single species, this might easily give rise to the mistake that
specific marks belonging to that particular species are generic characters.
In order to prevent this, I have deemed it advisable to append to the plates
the following explanatory remarks on the generic characters, which should
always be consulted in determining species.

The figures of the antennae show that the first joint in No. 1 — 16 is dis-
tinctly provided with bristles on the upper side ; in No. 17 — 44, on the con-
trary, it is glabrous. This distinguishes the two principal divisions of the
Dolichopodidse.

Among the species belonging to the FIRST PRINCIPAL DIVI-
SION the genera numbei'ed from 1 to 12' have a completely disengaged,
elongated hypopygium ; those numbered 14 — 1(3 a small, rounded, more or
less imbedded one ; in No. 15 the hypopygium is short and sessile, but not
imbedded, so that this genus (Diostracus) forms a transition from one of
these two subdivisions to the other, and may be included either in the first
or in the second. I have given preference to the first arrangement, but
have separated this genus from all the others of this subdivision on
account of the very large size of the palpi of the male.

The other genera of the First Sub-division stand much nearer to each
other in their organization ; they may, however, be easily arranged into two
groups according to the circumstance whether the first joint of the hind
tarsi is provided with bristles on its upper side (No. 1 — 3), or is without
such bristles (4 — 16). To the first of these groups belong : Hygroceleuthus
(1), Dolichopus (2), and Rhagoueurus (3). The difference between

1 These numbers refer to the plates.

( 345)

346 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

HygroceleuthuS and Dolichopus consists in the structure of the
head, which is higher and narrower in Hygroceleuthus, especially in the
males, and in the length of the face, which reaches farther down in Hygro-
celeuthus aud gives to the head a different profile. The genus Rhago-
neurus differs from Tachytrechus and Dolichopus by the feathered arista
of the antennae and the different structure of the male abdomen, which is
a little compressed laterally, as also by the fracture of the last segment of
the fourth longitudinal vein peculiar to it, and in which it is not equalled
by any of those species of Dolichopus which have the last segment of the
fourth longitudinal vein also fractured ; in the structure of the head Rha-
goneurus agrees with Dolichopus, in that of the hypopygiuin with Doli-
chopus and Tachytrechus.'

1 Mr. Rondani has established the genus Rhageneura on those European
species of Dolichopus, the fourth longitudinal vein of which is broken. This
genus cannot be retained in this sense for several reasons. 1. Because
these species do not differ at all from the other species of the genus in the
other parts of their organization. 2. Because the fracture of the fourth
longitudinal vein of these species is very different in kind as well as in
degree. 3. Because this fracture in some species is sometimes present,
sometimes not. I have already stated above, on p. 19, that Dol. ziczac
Wied. requires the establishment of a new genus. At that time I knew
only this one species of the newly proposed genus, and considered therefore
its establishment as premature. Since then I have become acquainted
with several species, so that I feel prepared now to introduce this new
genus, and take occasion at the same time to furnish a description of the
typical species which I have figured. I propose for this new genus the
name of Rhageneura, introduced by Rondaui in a somewhat different sense,
modifying it only in the more correct Rhagoneurus. The characters of
this genus are : First joint of the antennae with bristles on the upper side ;
the arista of the antennae feathered or hairy; first joint of the hind tarsi
with a bristle ; fourth longitudinal vein twice broken at right angles, with
a considerable stump of a vein at each angle of the fracture ; abdomen of
the male a little compressed laterally ; hypopygium entirely disengaged,
as in Dolichopus. The figured species is the following : —
Rhagoneurus pohjchromus nov. sp. £ and J . — Viridis, thorace violaceo-
et cupreo-variegato, fronte violacea, antennis runs, pedibiis flavis, alis
cinereis, venis transversis non infuscatis.
^ . Facie ochracea, hypopygii margine supero et apice flavis, lamellis

parvis, albicantibus, teuuissime nigro-marginatis.
9 • Facie albida.

Green with violet and coppery spots on the thorax ; front violet ; an-
tennas red ; feet yellow ; wings gray ; the transverse veins without a
dark margin.

1 . Face ochraceous ; upper margin and tip of the hypopygium yellow,
the small lamellae whitish, with a very narrow black margin.

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS. 347,

The peculiar ornaments, which the figured males of Hygroceleuthus and
Dolichopus possess, as well as the strong swelling of the costa before the
tip of the first longitudinal vein in Hygroceleuthus are not generic, but
merely specific characters which, moreover, do not belong to the females.

To the second yroup belong the genera G-ymnopternus (4), Paraclius (7),
Pelastoneurus (5), Tachytrecuus (G), Orthochile (S), Hercostomus (9),
Sybistroma (10), Hypophyllus (11), and Haltericerus (12). The genus
Gyninopternus, if understood in the limited sense adopted above, differs
from all the other genera of this group by the parallelism of the third and

9 . Face whitish.

Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 0.17.

Shining metallic green. Front bright, violet-blue, antennse yellowish-
red ; the pubescence on the upper side of the first joint rather short ; the
third joint rounded-ovate, however but little rounded at the end ; shorter
in the female than in the male, in both sexes blackened to a very
small extent on the upper margin and at the extreme tip. The arista of
the antennae in both sexes with a considerable feathery pubescence. Fnce
of the male not very narrow, ochre-brownish ; the face of the female broad,
whitish. Cilia of the inferior orbit yellowish. Upper side of the thorax
with copper-colored spots and with violet-blue reflections ; the former are
more striking in the male than in the female, while the latter are visible
either on the hind part of the dorsum of the thorax only, or spread on
its middle more towards the front. Scutellum violet-blue with blue-green
margins. Abdomen metallic green, often coppery upon most of the upper
part, black at the incisures, covered on the sides with a rather strikingly
white dust ; the hypopygium rather small, its second segment yellow
along the margin, which is turned towards the venter, and at the tip; its
external lamella? scarcely of middling size, yellowish-white, with a very
narrow black margin, on the edge of the margin a little jagged and beset
with crooked black bristles. Coxae yellow ; the foremost are beset, besides
the usual black bristles, with short and fine black hairs ; the outside of the
middle coxae is almost entirely covered by a large gray-black spot. Feet
yellowish, even plain in the male ; hind femora with a bristle before the
tip ; fore tarsi brownish-yellow, about as long as the tibia? ; middle and
hind tarsi infuscated from about the tip of the first joint, brownish-black
towards the end ; the hind tibiae of the male without glabrous spot on the
hind side ; the first joint of the hind tarsi in both sexes has only one or two
strong bristles on the upper side. Tegulse with black cilia. Wings tinged
with dark gray with brownish-black veins ; the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein is interrupted twice at right angles, and has, at each
interruption, a long stump of a vein, as the other species of this genus ;
transverse veins without any trace of dark margin ; in the male the costa
has a slight swelling immediately before the end of the first longitudinal
vein.

Hub. Ceylon.

348 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

fourth longitudinal veins of the wings ; it stands in rather close relation
to the genus Dolichopus, which belongs to the first group, difl'ers from it,
however, not only by the want of bristles on the first joint of the hind
tarsi, but also by the smaller size of its species, the shortness of the first
joint of the antennae, and usually by the more distinct pubescence of the
arista ; moreover the lamellae of the hypopygium are usually smaller and
not jagged at the end. The genus Paraclius is distinguished by a pecti-
nate or subpectinate arista of the antennae, by the face, narrowed below
even in the female, and by the peculiar course of the fourth longitudinal
vein, the end of which forms a curve with its concavity turned backwards.
Closely related to Paraclius is Pelastoneurus; the distinction between
both genera is easy, if attention is paid to the essentially different course
of the fourth longitudinal vein, to the very much more broad face, which
is also more convex upon its lower part, and to the not sessile but peduu-
culated hypopygium of the species of Pelastoneurus, which have the
feathered arista of the antennas in common with the species of Paraclius.
The genus Tachytrechus is very easily recognized by the great length
of the perpendicular diameter of the very hairy eyes, by the face, which
is narrower towards the middle but broader towards the bottom, and reaches
entirely as far as the inferior margin of the eyes ; the palpi are also com-
paratively small in the female, and the fourth longitudinal vein has before
the middle of its last segment a gentle flexure, from which it converges
towards the third longitudinal vein ; the figures of the antennae of the
male of T. moechus, which remind of the structure of the antennae of
Haltericems, are an exception to the rule ; however a similar structure
occurs by way of exception in the genus Dolichopus. The genus Ortho-
chile is so much distinguished by the structure of the proboscis and
of the palpi as also by the distance of the tips of the third and fourth
longitudinal veins from the tip of the wing, that it cannot be mistaken
for any other genus. The genus Hercostomus, to which is to be added
a large portion of those species which in my previous works I have com-
prised in the genus Gymnoptemus, embraces a variety of organizations and
is evidently capable of a subdivision into several genera ; in its whole
structure it shows the greatest resemblance to Gymnoptemus, but in all
the species the third and fourth longitudinal veins, towards their ends, are
rather strongly converging, while in the species of Gymnoptemus they are
either entirely parallel, or show but a very slight trace of convergency ;
the hypopygium has, in its structure, a great similarity with that of Doli-
chopus, but in some species the internal appendages are elongated, brush-
like and hairy, like those of Hypophyllus and Haltericerus, which, how-
ever, is also the case with some few species of Gymnoptemus. The genus
jaybistroma, which hitherto remained confined only to a few species, is
nearest to the genus Hercostomus, differs, however, by the scutellum which
is much clothed with hair, by the peculiar structure of the face of the female
which is much protruding below, and by the peculiar structure of the
arista of the male-. The species of Hypophyllus are easily distinguished

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS. 349

by the slender structure of the whole body, by the length of their slender
feet, by their pedunculated, usually yellow hypopygiuui, which is pro-
vided with narrow, linear external appendages and elongated, more or
less penicillated, internal appendages, likewise by the always very pro-
minent development of the first joint of the arista of the antennae, which
is different, however, in different species ; the scutellum is glabrous
and the lower part of the female face not protruding. The spocies of
Haltericerus are more robust than the species of Hypophyllus ; the face
of the male is very narrow, that of the female very broad ; the second
joint of the antennae in both sexes, especially in the males, is rudi-
mentary, and the arista very elongated in the latter and enlarged at its
tip into a lamella ; the hypopygiurn, attached to a long peduncle, and its
appendages, bear the greatest resemblance to those of the species of
Hypophyllus.

To the above-named genera of the first group is appended Diostracus
(13), as an anomalous genus. The very broad face in both sexes, the
palpi, much larger in the male than in the female, the very small third
joint of the antennae, the incrassated fore femora, the rounded, but not
imbedded hypopygiurn, with its very small appendages and the long nar-
row wings, with the posterior transverse vein very close to the margin —
all these characters render this genus very easy to recognize.

To the Second Sub-division, which is distinguished by the small,
more or less imbedded hypopygium, belong the following genera : Anepsius
(14), Argyra (15), and Syntormon (16). In Anepsius the second joint of
the antennas has the usual transverse form, and the arista is inserted very
close to its basis ; the third joint of the antennae shows a distinct pubes-
cence ; the first longitudinal veiu is short, the fourth parallel with the
third ; the abdomen of the male is laterally compressed. The relation-
ship between Anepsius and the genus Synipycnus, which belongs to the
second principal division, cannot be mistaken, though the distinct pubes-
cence of the first joint of the antennae distinguishes it very easily from
the other. The genus Argyra is distinguished by the transverse form
of the second and the rather considerable size of the third joint of the
antennae, its subapical arista, the broad wings — particularly towards the
basis, the length of the first longitudinal vein, its distance from the costa
and the inflection of the fourth longitudinal vein ; to these characters
may be added, in most of the species, the delicate, but striking silvery
white tomentum, spread over a large part of the body. Argyra is closely
related to Leucostola, the first joint of the antennae of which, however, is
glabrous on the upper side. The genus Syntormon differs from all the
other genera of the whole first principal division by the form of the second
joint of the antennae, which, on its inner side, overlaps the third joint in
the shape of a thumb ; the face of the male is narrow, that of the female
broad and protruding below like a roof: the arista of the antennas is com-
pletely or almost completely apical; the third longitudinal vein is parallel
or almost so.

350 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

The SECOND PRINCIPAL DIVISION of the Dolichopodidse is
divided, according to the shape of the third joint of the antennae, into two
suit-divisions; the genera of the first sub-division (No. 17-23) have this
joint, either in both sexes or at least in the male, pointed and provided with
an apical arista ; in the genera of the second sub-division (No. 24-44), it is
short in both sexes, and if it should be somewhat elongated in the male,
it is not pointed, and the arista is either dorsal, or, at the utmost, sub-
apical.

The genera of the First Sub-division are divided into tioo groups. To
the first group belong those genera, the posterior transverse vein of which is
distant from the margin of the wing. They are the following : Synarthrus
(17), Systenus (18), Rhaphium (19), Xiphandrium (20), Porphyrops (21),
and Siniliotus (23). Synarthrus shares with Syntormon not only the
peculiar structure of the second joint of the antennae, but also the remain-
ing characters, with the single exception of the first joint of the antennae,
which is glabrous. Systenus strikingly differs from all the other genera
of the group by the pointed abdomen and the very pedunculated hypo-
pyeium of the male ; to its distinguishing characters may also be reckoned
the distinct pubescence of the third joint of the antennae, and the remark-
ably sharp dividing line between the lower part of the face and the upper
one. Rhaphium stands in close relation to the two following genera, is
however distinguished from them by the very elongated antennae, even in
females, and by the still more considerable stoutness of the- female pro-
boscis ; moreover from Xiphandrinin it is distinguished by a less slender
structure of the body, a much stronger pubescence, and a stronger flexure
of the fourth longitudinal vein. The species of Xiphandrium have, like
the species of Porphyrops, only in the males an elongated third joint of the
antenna, in the females it is short ; their difference consists in a greater
sleuderness, less pubescence, and less flexure of the fourth longitudinal
vein ; moreover the largest species of Xiphandrium are scarcely equal in
the length of their body to the smallest species of Porphyrops. The dis-
tinguishing characters of the genus Porphyrops become manifest from
what has just been stated about the two preceding genera. The genus
Smiliotus has the antennae of equal size and form in both sexes ; they
have on the under side, from the tip almost to the base, a distinct ex-
cision ; the face of the male is broad, and its palpi are as large as those
of the female ; finally, the abdomen shows externally one segment less
than the related genera ; the feet are comparatively short and rather vigor-
ous ; the small hypopygium is deeply imbedded and its appendages are
often difficult to perceive.

To the second group, which is characterized by a close proximity of the
transverse vein to the posterior margin of the wing, belongs the only genus
Aphrosylus (23) ; the third joint of its antenna? is but little elongated,
but pointed ; the pendant palpi are larger in the male than in the female ;
the proboscis is bent towards the chest, the face is narrower above, and

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS. 351

the eyes are excised near the antennae ; the feet have rough bristles, and
the first joint of all the tarsi is much longer than the second.

Among all genera of the Second Sub-division Psiloptis is distin-
guished by the slender structure of its body, and especially of its feet, its
very broad and more or less excavated front, the smallness of its antennae,
and finally by its fourth longitudinal vein, which is provided with a pos-
terior branch. I have assigned to it a position altogether at the end of
the second sub-division, and will revert to it there. The other genera of
this sub-division may be distributed into two groups according to the struc-
ture of the thorax. To the first group belong those genera, the upper side 1
of the thorax of which is convex, as far as the scutellum (No. 24-39) ; to
the second those, where the upper side of the thorax, before the scutellum,
bears an inclined, more or less concave, area (No. 40-43).

The genera belonging to the first group, and possessing a sixth longi-
tudinal vein, form the first sub-group ; those where this vein is wanting,
form the second sub-group.

The first sub-group contains either such genera as have the transverse
vein not close to the posterior margin of the wing, or such where an
approximation of that kind takes place in a striking manner. The genera,
where there is no striking approximation of the posterior transverse vein
to the margin of the wing, are: Thiuophilus (24), Peodes (25), Nemato-
proctus (2(5), Leucostola (27), Eutarsus (28), Diaphorus (29), Lyroneurus
(30),Chrysotus (31), Teuchophorus (32), Sympycnus (34), Campsicuemus
(33), and Plagioueurus (3ti). Thinophilus has the small and but little
imbedded hypopygium in common with Peodes (in all the other genera
that belong here, it is much more imbedded) ; it differs from Peodes by the
structure of the face, which, in both sexes, is broader below, and has an
angular margin ; by the large palpi of both sexes, and the very small size
of the interior appendages of the hypopygium ; the first two joints of the
antennae are small, the third somewhat in the shape of a lens, and the
arista dorsal ; the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its
end, is parallel, or almost so, to the third longitudinal vein ; the feet of the
male are usually variously adorned. The structure of the body of Peodes
resembles in general that of Thinophilus ; the structure of the antennae
and of the wings is also nearly the same, only the parallelism of the third
and fourth longitudinal veins is still more complete than in most of the
species of Thinophilus ; both of the interior appendages of the hypopygium
form a large horny forceps ; the tarsi of the male of the only species
hitherto known are plain. The species of Nematoproctus, in the
whole structure of the body, are nearest the species of Porphyrops ; they
can be, however, easily distinguished from them by the rounded, and in
both sexes small, third joint of the antennae, and by the arista, which is
inserted in the neighborhood of the basis. They are less closely related
to the genus Leucostola, because the elongation of the first longitudinal
vein, the broad shape of the wings, and the subapical position of the arista
are wanting in them ; the same characters and the glabrousness of the

352 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

first joint of their antennae distinguish them from the species of Argyra.
The genus Leucostola stands to Argyra in the same relation as Synar-
thrus does to Syntormon, that is to say, it differs from it only by the first
joint of the antennae being without hairs ; the considerable size of the
third joint of the antennae, the subapical position of the arista, the great
breadth of the antennas towards the basis, the considerable length of the
first longitudinal vein and its great distance from the costa, are characters
shared by Argyra ; most of the species of Leucostola ha^e also, like the
species of Argyra, a delicate, almost silvery white tomentum, which covers
a considerable portion of the body. Eutarsus is very near to Diaphorus ;
the difference is, that the former has the third joint of the antenna? some-
what larger and that the transverse vein is a little more removed from the
posterior margin of the wing ; moreover the face of the males of Eutarsus
is narrower, the bristles of the imbedded hypopygium are less striking,
the first joint of the hind tarsi is shorter, and the pulvilli of the fore tarsi
are, although also enlarged, not so elongated as in Diaphorus. The genus
Diaphorus is represented in North America by particularly varied forms ;
its distinction from Eutarsus has been explained above ; from Lyroneurus
it differs by the altogether different neuratiou of the wings, from Chrysotus
by the greater slenderness of the whole body, and especially of the feet,
and the comparatively longer and generally also proportionally narrower
•wings ; moreover the structure of the head is different, as, while the eyes of
the males of Diaphorus are either contiguous above the antennae or at least
are separated by an equally broad front, those of the males of Chrysotus
are sometimes contiguous below, but never above the antennae, and the
front is always considerably widened above ; this difference in the structure
of the front exists also in the females of both genera; finally, tlie males of
Diaphorus distinguish themselves by the remarkable prolongation of the
fore tarsi or of the fore and hind tarsi, and by the particularly striking
manner in which the small imbedded hypopygium is provided with
bristles, which characters are not found in the species of Chrysotus ; the
neuration varies in the different species of Diaphorus in consequence of
several modifications in the position of the posterior transverse vein ; in
no species, however, is this vein approximated to the posterior margin of
the wing ; the end of the last segment of the fourth longitudinal vein is
sometimes cut off from the preceding part of it and pushed nearer to the
anterior margin of the wing, so that both parts are either completely sepa-
rated from each other or at least connected by an indistinct rudiment of a
vein, as the illustration of the wing of Diapli. interruptus shows it. The
genus Lyroneurus has a superficial resemblance to Diaphorus in the
structure of the body, differs, however, strikingly by the large wings, with
a more or less apparent greasy lustre, by the costa, which is usually
thickened in both sexes, or at least in the male, to a very great extent ; by
the end of the third longitudinal vein being strongly turned backwards,
and by the wide space between the fourth and the third longitudinal veins ;
the hypopygium is usually less provided with bristles than in the species

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS. 353

of Diaphorus ; the males of Lyroneurus, known to me, show no elongation
of the pulvilli of the fore tarsi. The genus Chrysotus contains only
small, mostly bright-green species, which cannot be mistaken for any other
of the following genera, and which are sufficiently distinguished from Dia-
phorus by the already mentioned characters; the statements made above
in regard to the shape of the front, the absence of bristles upon the hypo-
pygium, and the absence of the elongation of the pulvilli on the fore tarsi
of the male, will help to recognize whether a given species, unless its
female alone is known, is to be reckoned to Chrysotus or to Diaphorus ;
as to the female, the structure of the front, the form of the wings, and the
greater or smaller slenderness of the feet, have to guide us in its location.
Striking is the very different form of the third joint of the antennae of the
different species of Chrysotus in North America. The species of Teucho-
phorus resemble more or less the smallest species of Chrysotus, are how-
ever very easily distinguished in the male sex by the somewhat laterally
compressed abdomen, by the feet which are beset with single, scattered,
strong bristles, and by the crooked and variously adorned hind tibiae ;
moreover, in all the known males of Teuchophorus there is a large black
swelling on the costa before the tip of the first longitudinal vein, which is
altogether an exception in the genus Chrysotus. More attention is neces-
sary in order to recognize the females of Teuchophorus ; the best guide
in this case is the steep position of the posterior transverse vein, the anterior
end of which is nearer to the basis of the wing than the posterior ond, and
the comparatively small antennae, the arista of which is somewhat less
approximated to the apex than in most of the species of Chrysotus. The
genus Sympycnus contains only small, mostly but little shining species,
which are characterized by the smallness and the distinct pubescence of
the third joint of the antennae, the insertion of the arista in the vicinity
of its basis, the laterally compressed abdomen of the males, the not
elongated metathorax, and the wings being more or less narrowed towards
the basis ; they have the greatest analogy to the species of Anepsius, the
first joint of the antennae of which, however, is clothed with hair; from
Campsicnemus they are distinguished by the not elongated metathorax,
by the abdomen, which is longer and not flattened from above, and by the
face, which is narrowed towards the bottom ; the end of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein converges somewhat, in the European species, towards the
third longitudinal vein ; in the North American species it is parallel with
it or almost so. (The want of the small transverse vein, and of the sixth
longitudinal vein, which occurs in a number of the impressions of Tal>.
VI, are merely mistakes of the engraver, which were discovered too late
for correction.) Campsicnemus is distinguished by its face attenuated
upwards, the distinctly elongated metathorax, and the short and, in both
sexes, much flattened abdomen ; the third joint of the antenna) is small, or
rather small, and in most of the species somewhat pointed ; the dorsal
arista is inserted in rather close proximity to the basis ; the fourth longi-
tudinal vein is always parallel to the third, and runs before its middle over
23

354 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II.

a distinct convexity of the wing. The males are usually distinguished by
striking ornaments on their feet, especially on the middle feet. The species
of Flagioneurus are altogether distinct on account of the very diagonal
position of the posterior transverse vein ; otherwise their neuratiou is very
near to that of Pelastoneurus, while the glabrousness of the first joint of
the antennae renders it utterly impossible to mistake them for any specie's
of the latter genus.

To the second sub-group, embracing those genera the transverse vein of
which is strikingly approximated to the posterior margin of the wing,
belong the following genera: Liaucalus (35), Scellus (37), and Hydro-
phorus (38). Liancalus is easily distinguished from Scellus and Hydro-
phorus by all the femora being slender and unarmed. In the species of
Scellus the fore-femora are beset on the under side with rather strong
bristles, catching into a row of similar bristles of the fore tibiae, and the
third and fourth longitudinal veins are rather strongly convergent toward
their ends, while the species of Hydrophorus have only on the under
side of the fore-femora, towards the basis, a few elongated thorn-like
bristles ; the under side, however, not only of the fore-femora, but also of
the fore tibiae, is beset only with short bristles, and the third and fourth
longitudinal veins are parallel towards their ends, or almost so.

To the next following genus, Achalcus, I have assigned this position on
account of the general structure of its body, which led me to suppose the
existence of a relationship between it and the following genera ; I also
presume, therefore, that the structure of the dorsum of the thorax, which
I have not been able to ascertain positively in any of the few specimens
belonging to me, will, when found out, justify the location I have assigned
to the genus. In general the species of Achalcus may be easily dis-
tinguished, as the total absence of the sixth longitudinal vein is a cha-
racter peculiar to them ; the species hitherto made known are of a nou-
metallic color, and of a very small size.

The genera belonging to the second group, the thorax of which has on
its posterior part a more or less concave, sloping surface, are the following :
Medeterus (39), Chrysotimus (41), Xanthochlorus (42), and Saucropus
(43). Medeterus differs essentially from the other three genera by the
apical position of the arista, the very large size of the proboscis, and the
totally disengaged hypopygiurn. The genera Chrysotimus and Xantho-
chlorus contain only small species, and are easily distinguished by their
coloring, which is either entirely yellow, or in part yellow, in part metallic-
green ; Chrysotimus is easily distinguished from Xanthochlorus, by the
subapical position of the arista and by the much smaller and imbedded
hypopygium ; with Xanthoehlorus the position of the arista of the antenna
is dorsal, and the swollen and rather disengaged hypopygium is directed
backward so as to assume the appearance of a prolongation of the abdomen
of the male. The species of Saucropus are of a more considerable size
than the species of Chrysotimus and Xanthochlorus, and their feet are
comparatively longer ; the second joint of the antennae somewhat differs

REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS. 355

from the usual transverse form, as, on the inside, it reaches a little over
the third joint ; the arista is dorsal ; the sixth longitudinal vein runs as
far as the margin of the wing ; the course of the last segment of the fourth
longitudinal vein varies in the different species, nevertheless it always
shows a distinct convergency towards the third longitudinal vein ; the
first joint of the hind tarsi is always considerably shorter than the second.
The color of all the species is either entirely yellow, or reddish-yellow, or
partly so.

The genus Psilopus (44), closing the series, has the last segment of
the fourth longitudinal vein provided with a posterior branch ; this cha-
racter is not wanting in any of the American, European, or African species
that are known to me ; in some South Asiatic species, however, it is repre-
sented only by a fold of the wing, which sometimes is very indistinct.
Besides, the species of Psilopus are very easily recognized by the slender-
ness of the whole body and especially of the feet, by the very broad, more
or less excavated front, by the small antennae, provided with a long, thin,
dorsal or subapical, rarely almost entirely apical arista, and by the entirely
disengaged hypopjginm. In the living state they keep the wings divari-
cated, which gives them an entirely different aspect from all other genera.
The males have their feet variously adorned, and in some species they are
distinguished by a structure of the wings peculiar to them.

INDEX.

Achalcus, 217
Agonosonia, 230
Anepsius, 123
Aphrosylus, 148
Argyra, 123
Argyra albicaiis Lw., 125

albiventris Lw., 128

calceata Lw., 131

calci trans Lw., 130

cylindrica Lw., 132

diaphana Fbr., 126

minuta Lw., 129

nigripes Lw., 127

Campsicnemus, 193

Cainpsicnemus claudicans Lw., 194
hirtipes Lw., 193

Chrysotimus, 220

Chrysotimus delicatus Lw., 222
pusio Liu., 221

Chrysotus, 171

Chrysotus abdominalis Say, 172, 291
affinis Lw., 178
auratus Lw., 183
concinnarius Say, 172, 291
cornutus Lw., 174
costalis Lw., 179
discolor Lw., 182
incerus Wlk., 172, 308
longimanus Lw., 175
nubilus Stny, 172, 291
obliquus Liu., 176
pallipes Lio., 183
picticornis L?«., 184
subcostatus Lw., 181
validus £w., 175
viridifemora Mucq., 172,

298
vividus Lw., 178

Condylostylus, 230

Dasypsilopsus, 230
Diaphorus, 156

Diaphorus interrnptus Lw., 168
laniellatus Lw., 165
leucostomus Lw., 166
mundus Lw., 161
opacus T^y., 160
sodalis Zrzu., 163
spectabilis iw., 162
Diostracus, 120
Diostracus prasinus Lw., 121
Dolichopus, 18, 323
Dolicliopus abdominalis Say, 20, 292
acuminatus Lw., 34
adjacens Wll:, 22, 312
adjustns Wied., 16
affinis Wife., 21, 310
albiciliatus Lw., 31
batillifer ZM;., 45
bifractus Lw., 53
bifrons IF//'., 20, 301
brevimanus Lw., 39
brevipennis Meiy., 37
curysostonius Zw\, 67
ciliatus IF//,-., 31, 312
coercens IF//,-., 22, 312
comatus Lw., 69
confinis IF//-., 23, 315
con f us us Ztt., 71
consors Wlk., 21, 302
conterminus JF//\, 23, 31 5
contingens Wlk., 21, 302
contiguus Wlk., 23, 314
cupreus Say, 56
cuprinus IF/er/., 55, 311
discessus Wlk., 23, 314
disci fer Stain., 71
distractus IF//t., 23, 313
dorycerus Lw., 326
eudactylus Lw., 46

( 357 )

358

INDEX.

Dolichopus exclusns Wlk., 23, 314
femoratus Sat/, 290
finitus Wlk., 22, 313
fulvipes Lw., 61
funditor Lw., 66
gratus Lw., 29
groenlandicus Ztt., 20
hastatus Lw., 59
hebes Wlk., 21, 302
heteroneurus Macq., 20,

299

incisuvalis Lw., 74
ineptus JF//L, 21, 303
irrasus Wlk., 24, 318
laniellipes IF/A:., 21, 311
Laticornis Lw., 29
lobatus Lw., 72
longimanus Lw., 38
longipennis Lw., 57
luteipeniiis Lu;., 51
maculipes Wlk., 21, 303
melanocerus Lw., 330
nudus Lw. , 41
obscurus Say, 20, 290,

296

ovatus Lw., 35
pachycnemus, Lw., 35
palsestricus Lit?., 328
patellatus Meiy., 71
pennitarsis Fall., 60
pluniipes Scop., 60
pluiuitarsis Fa//., 37
prseustus Lw., 68
pulcher Wlk., 21, 304
quadrilamellatus, Lw.,

331

ramifer Lw., 52
remotus Wlk., 24, 317
ruficornis Lw. , 63
scapula.ris Lw., 64
scoparins Lw., 70
separatus Wlk., 24, 316
sequax VF7J-., 24, 317
setifer Lw., 30
setosns Lw., 73
sexarticulatus L?r., 62
soccatua Wlk., 24, 317
socius Lw., 40
splendidus Lw., 44
splenclidulus Lw., 327
subciliatus Lw., 42
tanypus Zw., 71
tener Lw., 49
terminatus PF/^.,24, 316
tetricus Lw., 33
to7isus Lw., 47
unifasciatus •?«(/. 289
variabilis Lw., 50

Dolichopiis varius IF//,-., 21,304
vittatus iw., 55
xanthocnemus Lw., 31
ziczac IFi'ec?., 16

Eurostomems, 230

Eutarsus, 153

Eutarsus eques Lw., 154

Gyrnnopternus, 75, 332
Grymnoptemua al biceps Lw., 85

barbatulus, Lw., 82
chalcochrus £?<?., 335
coxalis Z/zt'., 335
crassicauda Lw., 95
debilia Lw., 95
despicatus Lw., 90
difficilis, Lit'., 91
exiguus Lw.. 337
exilis Lw., 84
fimbriatus Ley., 89
flavus Lw., 80
frequens L?«., 88
liuiiiilis Lw., 336
Isevigatus /.?«., 87
leucospilus Lw., 99
lunifer Lw., 89
meniscus Lw., 336
minntus Lw., 96
nigribarbus Lw., 91
opacus Lw., 93
parvicornis Lw., 92
politus Lw.,94, 334
pusillus Lw., 334
scotias Lw., 81
spectabilis Lw.. 85
subdilatatus Lw., 86
subulatus Lw., 80
tristis Lw., 83
ventralis Lw., 97

Haltericerns, 119

Hercostomus, 116

Hercostomus unicolor Lw., 117

Heteropsilopus, 230

Hydrophorus, 211

Hydrophorus alboflorens Wlk., 216
chrysologus Wlk., 215
glaber Wlk., 215
innotatus Lw., 212
notatus Zett., 305
parvus Lw., 216
pirata Lw., 214
spiniinanns Zi-tt., 305
viridiflos \Vlk., 215

Hygrocelenthus, 17

Hygroceleuthns latipes Lw., 17

Hypophyllus, 118

INDEX.

359

Leucostola, 151

Leucostola ciugulata Lw., 152

Liancalus, 198

Liancalus genualis Lw., 199

Lyronenrus, 169

Lyroneurus cserulescens Lw., 170

Machserium, 14S

Margaritostylus, 230

Medeterus, 218

Medeterus alboflorens Wlk., 216,310
chrysologus Wlk., 215,309
exustns Wlk., 203, 300
glaber Wlk., 215 309
lateralis S<iy, 291
uigripes Lw., 219
punctipe.nnis Say, 292
veles Lie., 219
viridiHos 1I7A-., 215, 301

Megistostylus, 230

Mesoblepharus, 230

Musca, 289

Musca longicornis Fir., 289

Nematoproctus, 150

Oaristylus, 230

Oedipsilopus, 230

Orthochile, 114

Orthochile derempta Wlk., 115, 318

Parading, 97

Paraclius albonotatus Lw., 102

arcuatus Lw., 101
Pelastoneurns, 103, 337
Pelastoneurus abbreviatus Lw., 338
alternans Liu., 339
cognatus Lw., 109
Isetus Lw., 106
lamellatus Lw., 338
longicanda Lw., 104
luguliris Lw., 105
vagans Lw., 107
Peodes, 149
Plagioneurus, 196
Plagioneurus univittatus- Lw., 196
Porphyrops, 142, 340
Porphyrops fumipennis Lw., 14(5
longipes Lw., 340
melampus Lw., 144
nigricoxa Lw., 145
pilosicornis Wlk., 808
rotundiceps Lw., 146
Psilopns, 229

Psilopus albicoxa Wlk., 243, 307
albonotatus Lw., 275
amatus WW., 242, 306
bk'ulor /.«'., 2.SI)

Psilopns calcaratns Lw., 272
caudatulus /.?«;., 271
caudatns WieiL, 239, 294
Chrysoprasi(us) Wlk., 242,

265, 305

ciliatus Lw., 260
comatus LM'., 262
delicatus Wlk., 241, 304
diffusus Wied., 234, 235
dimidiatus Lw., 246
femoratus Sa?/,233, 290, 295
filipes Liu.. 2S6
gemmifer W7//,:., 241, 305
guttula, IF/ef/., 237
hajreticus Wlk., 243, 320
iucisuralis Mm-q., 241
inermis Lw., 272
inficitus Wlk., 242, 307
iucundus Liu., 258
lepidus IF/A-., 243,300
longicornis, Fbr., 231, 294
macula Wied., 234, 292
melampus Lw., 253
mundus TFiW., 240, 296
iiigrofenaoratus Wlk., 242,

307

pallens Wied., 234, 275
patibulatus Say, 233, 251
peractus W'7/t., 243, 319
permodicus Wlk., 243, 320
pilosus Lw., 256
portoricensis AI«cq , 241
psittaitinns Zty., 281
radians .!/,/ rr/. , 240, 297, 298
Sayi Wit-d., 232, 293
scaber Lw., 250
scintillans Lw., 273
scobinator Lzw., 268
sipbo S,i,/, 232, 247
siplio Mm-rj., 241, 297
solidus Wlk., 243, 319
suaviura IF/A-., 242, 306
tener Lw., 2s4
ungulivena IF//-., 243, 319
unifasciatus Say, 232,
variega.t.us L?/'., 27*
virgo Wied., 24o, 295

Rhagonenrn. 19. :

Rliationenms polychromus /,;<;., 346

Rhaphium, 140

Khaphium lugubre, 141

Saucropus, 224

Saucropus dimidiatns Lw., 225
ruliellus Lw., 226
suporliiens Lw., 227
tennis Lw., 228

SCO

INDEX.

Scellns, 200

Scellus avidus Lw., 207
exastus Wlk., 202
filiferus Lw., 209
spinimanus Ztt., 204

Sciapus, 230

Smiliotus, 147

Sybistroma, 115

Sympycnus, 185

Sympycnus frontalis Liv., 188
lineatus Liv., 189
nodotus Liu., 191
tertianus LID., 187

Synarthrus, 134

Synarthrus barbatns Lw., 138

cinereiventris Lw., 137

Synarthrus palmaris Lw., 135
Syntormou, 133
Systenus, 139

Tacliytrechus, 109

Tachytrechus angustipennis Lzy.,113
moechus Liv., 110
vorax Lw., 112

Teucliophorus, 185
Thinophilus, 148

Xanthochlorus, 223
Xanthochlorus helvinus Lw., 224
Xiphandrium, 141

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