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Pe ee oe ‘ fd eG . es ae , , ea aw 8 3> teeny vote yeh he net _ 2 ’ . ees fetta 1 pe ta El to 7 . i - . ~ ‘ “Ne he * nth Rotini aoe re os eetayt - mn , . w - , u v = pee” ath hone @ m fn ede fe Ma ced -* z Me gee be _ fecal ieee! anit ae leag tm anf % ~* » a aaa > ; a oe - “ “ae \. o ve 2 oct Wma te Pree aw Bist Mert - +38 a1 = - eee ere ens -1- dae~t pti P= Santa i Bm ttn ie wl Peer ree ee > Ne * - eer Bee tre gtee Sa Be © pte ed ene 2 ete te ‘ > aay Sew ‘ a . ‘ iy eed eT © J hath: 2 Radin A-ha - + " . - oth fee aT Utah He ‘ Gakebeguited-Oaee ot . - eS m wee ‘ werer) - ° = Tonle dt= mater de bn 8 A hated athe oad s ? ~ : te ; - ented pane eth lied am saree , , bw we 4 2 “a - ee im tint a Binal baer tie Ota ee Om are - + + ‘. ae . Os Hotet - any ene ee eae . % ‘ ome ¥ ie @ ee me ? ; eo . » . - , es * ' % 4030 plo tet be oo peur eter weet) *~ & a ed _ Pe a 7 od es eo ee ~ ~~ =. ~ i> — : - io o ~ ocd ‘ — _ <—". ae SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 256 MONOGRAPHS OF THE om | Pp T Bem A NORTH AMERICA. PART III. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION — SSS —————_ ———————— WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. DECEMBER, 1873. Lg2 "SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. | ee oa MONOGRAPHS [iPrtT BR «A NORTH AMERICA. | PART III. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ne WW Xs SS Bf GEv A WF f i yy LOG ay YY! > Lars ao WASHINGTON: HSONIAN INSTITUTION. DECEMBER, 1873. rf W\R2OA ADVERTISEMENT. THE present publication is Part III of a work upon the Dip- tera of North America, prepared at the request of the Smith- sonian Institution, by Dr. H. Loew, of Guben, Prussia, well known as one of the most eminent cultivators of this branch of entomology. The first part of this series of monographs was published in 1862, and ineluded the families of Trypetidx, Sciomyzide, Ephydrinide, and Cecidomyidx. 'The second part appeared in 1864, and consisted principally of a monograph of the Dolicho- podide. The fourth part was issued in 1869, embracing a monograph of part of the Tipulide. They were not published in sequence, but in the order in which materials could be collected for their preparation. The original manuscript of Dr. Loew was written in German, and the Institution is indebted to Baron R. Osten-Sacken for trans- lating it into English; and to Mr. R. A. Witthaus, Jr., of New York, for revising and correcting the proof-sheets, in the absence of Baron Osten-Sacken. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary 8S. I. Wasuineton, Dec. 1873. ~~ PHILADELPHIA? Maw ITE ry COLLINS, PRINTER. &)) ~ Ae ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS. THE FAMILY Obra LD A: PART FIRST.—INTRODUCTION. PAGE THE EvROPEAN ORTALIDE& : ; - = “ Q . 2 Meigen’s genus Ortalis . . - - 2 1. Characters which Meigen’s species of “Ortalis hatte in common - ; : F é ‘2 2. Species erroneously placed in the genus Ortalis 3 The other European Ortalide 4 1. Forms resembling Ortalis lamed 5 2. Forms resembling Orialis syngenesie . : - . 6 3. Forms resembling Ortalis paludum aden - a 4. Forms not resembling any of Meigen’s species 8 Aciphorea not belonging: to the Ortalide 8 Summary of the European Ortalide - 5 - - ee Tur ORTALIDZ OTHER THAN EDROPEAN , 3 F : ae Ce ade a. In Wiedemann . : 6 : - - : : a ope 6. In Rob. Desvoidy . : z 5 A eae 3 Pk c. In Macquart 4 : . : : d : 19 d. In Walker . : 2 5 26 e. In Bigot, Gerstecker, Boleschall, antl eennilens ° : ey ah NATURAL CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY ORTALIDEA “ 28 RELATIONSHIP OF THE ORTALIDE : : “ 4 30 DIAGNOSTIC OR ARTIFICIAL DEFINITION OF THE ORTALIDE . eae ai wok Ci) lV TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART SECOND.—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORTALIDA. PAGE FIRST DIVISION: ORTALIDA HAVING THE FIRST LONGI- TUDINAL VEIN BRISTLY OR HAIRY . : - : o \ b2 PAGE First Section: PYRGOTINA . 33) Tarrp Section: CEPHALINA. 48 Seconp Section: PLATYSTO- FourtH Section: ORTALINA. 52 a ‘ : . ee Firth Section; PTEROCAL- | LINA . age eee SECOND DIVISION: ORTALIDA HAVING THE FIRST LON- GITUDINAL VEIN BARE - : : : : : ee First Section: ULIDINA - 64] Sxconp Section: RICHARDINA 66 PART THIRD.—THE NORTH AMERICAN ORTALID A. FIRST DIVISION: ORTALIDA HAVING THE FIRST LONGI- TUDINAL VEIN BRISTLY OR HAIRY . : : - oo ae First Section: PYRGOTINA . 72 4. variabilis n. sp. % 91 Gen. I. Pyreota Wied. Be ok s ee wesley Aa 1. millepunctata Zw. 9. 173 . ee BE cro og 2. undata Wied. %.9.% .. nd - pallide nee ee 3. vespertilio Gerst.§ -. 79) Gen. IV. Srenoprerina Macq. 96° 4. pterophorina Gerst.?. 81 1. cerulescens n. sp. 4 97 Gen. V. MiscHoGaAstER Macq. 98 Seconp Section: PLATYSTO- MINA . : : . 83! Gen. VI. Myrmecomyia R. Gen. I, AMPHICNEPHES nov shit : = bens ies 1. myrmecoides Lw. %.2 100 1. pertusus nov. sp. %.Q9 84 Tairp Section: CEPHALINA. 102 of - Piapaibes ae : Gen. I. Triroxa n. g. . « LOZ ee i ae ae 1. flexa Wied. %.9 102 Gen. III. Rivenua R. Desv. 87 2; inoures 0-6 6-2, imag : . 3. cuneata n. sp. . 9 107 1. conjunctan. sp.9? . 88 2. viridulans R. Desv. §.9 88) Gen. II. Campronzura Macq. 108 3. quadrifasciata Macq. % 90 1. picta Macq. %.9 109 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Gen. III. Diacrira Gerst. 1. costalis Gerst. % : 2. emulan.sp.Q . Gen. IV. Ipana n. g. . 1. marginata Say, Fourts Section: ORTALINA Gen. I. AuTomoLaA n. g. : Gen. II. Teranors Fall. 1. luridipennis n. sp. % .9 2. integra n. sp. 4 . Gen. III. Tzpronota Lw. . 1. humilis Zw. %.9 Gen. IV. Ceroxys Macq. 1. obscuricornis n.sp. $. 2 2. ochricornis n. sp. 2 3. similis n.sp.9? . 4. canus Lw.43.@ . : PAGE Tit yo 114 115 115 118 118 119 119 121 122 123 125 126 126 127 Gen. iL. Gen. FIFTH V. Anacampta Lw. latiuscula Lw.$.Q2 .- VI. APOSPASMICA 0. g. Section: PTEROCAL- LINA . i i Gen. I. PrerocauuA Rond. . 1. Gen. g. 2. 3. 4. strigula n. sp. Q II. StictocEPHALA : cribellum n. sp. §-Q.- cribrum n. sp. Q . corticalis Fitch, in litt. % e 2 e e vau Say, 2 . : Gen. III. CALLOpPISTRIA n. g. il annulipes Macg. %.9 Gen. IV. Myennis R. Desv. 1. scutellaris Wied. %.? SECOND DIVISION: ORTALIDA HAVING THE FIRST LON- GITUDINAL VEIN BARE First Section: ULIDINA - Gen. I. Dasymzrorra Lw. Gen. Il. Ozpora Lw. . 1. capito Zw. 4.9. Gen. III. Norocramma Lw. 1. stigma For. : . Gen. IV. EveHara Lw. A Gen. V. Acrosticta lw. . Gen. VI. Szoprera Kirby . 1. colon Zw. %.Q . Gen. VII. Evxesta Lw. 1. spoliata Zw. % 2. pusio Lw. 9 : 3. notata Wied. 4.9 145 145 146 146 148 148 150 151 151 152 153 154 155 156 . nitidiventris n. sp. 9. . costalis Fbr. 9 quaternaria Lw. 9 . binotata Lw. % - annone For. %.9 Thome Lw. 4.9 : . abdominalis Lw. 4.9 . alternans Lw. % . Stigmatias Iw. %.9 . . elutaLw. 3.9 . . . VIII. Cuzrtopsis Zw. . . enea Wied. 5.9 . debilis Zw. 2 . . IX. Hypoécta Zw. . X. Stenomyia Zw. . . tenuis Zw. % : ° vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE Gen. XI. Eumetopia Macg. 175] Gen. VII. Ipiotypan.g. . 183 1. rufipes Macq. % . 6 Si 1. appendiculata n. sp. 2. varipes lw. 9 . ee ya ae es ; : « “18a Gen. VIII. StenerETMAn.g. 186 SEconpD Section: RICHARDINA 177 1. laticaada hi spon Gen. I. ConicEps n. g. a ed . 1. nigern. sp. §.Q9* «~. 178| Gen. IX. Canometorra Macq. 188 1. bimaculata n. sp. % . 189 Gen. II. Ricnarpia R. Desv. 178 Gen. X. HemixantHa n. g.. 190 Gen. III. Cyrromeropa n. g. 179 1. spinipes n. sp. 9 ~ 196 Gen. IV. Srevomacra n. g. 180 . 1. Guérinii Bigot, %.9 189| Gen. XI. Metanotoman. g. 192 1. afilhisn. sp. on ie Gen. V. Syaraces m.g- .- 182! Gon. MIL Heiner Gen. VI. Evontenan.g. . 183 1. erosa Lw. 9 : - 104 APPENDIX. The North American Ortalide which have not been seen by the Author ~«. ; ; 4 : : : : : ‘ o> Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.Phil. Ortalis (?) diopsides 9 . 200 Ortalis ligata . : ae LOY: Ortalis (?) costalis 9 «208 Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. Meckelia philadelphica . 197 Urophora antillarum - 201 Walker, Ins. Saundersiana. Bigot, Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Ortalis basalis 4.9 . 198 jis. d. l. Isla da Cuba. Ulidia fulvifrons . . 202 Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Herina mexicana . - 199} Walker Trans. Ent. Soc. . Ortalis bipars . : - 202 Walker, List of Dipt. ete. Bricinnia : . «| 202 Ortalis massyla? . - 199 flexivitta 9 ~ 203 Inprex ; . : ° . . ° . . , 4 - 205 TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii \ REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TRY PETINA. PAGE Introduction . : : : : : : : : oo ad List of the osenitied species . : : : : : : . 214 Description of the species - 216 Analytical table of the smaller genera, aiid for ee North ben. rican Trypet2 . : 327 Distribution of the North Agneta geet among the peated smaller genera . : E : = one Comparison between the Eurcpean and sie Ue ass hae of Try- petina : : ° : : : : : . . 9331 APPENDIX I. Critical enumeration of all the North American Trypetina described by other Authors é - ; : : : : » od0D APPENDIX II. Description of the five North American Trypetide contained in “Eugenies Resa, etc.,” Zoologi, Part VI_ . : : : . 340 PAGE PAGE Trypeta liogaster Thoms. 340 Trypeta aurifera Thoms. . 343 femoralis Thoms. 342 genalis Thoms. . 344 acutangula Thoms. 342 INDEX e . e. e e . e ° - : : - 345 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES - 2 . Z é A . 3849 NOTE FROM THE TRANSLATOR. Readers of these ‘‘Monographs” may notice discrepancies in Some minor points of the terminology used in the first volume from that of the follow- ing ones. Meigen’s Genus Ortalis. The nucleus of the Kuropean Orialidx is formed of those species which Meigen has brought together in the genus Ortalis, a genus which, in his acceptation, far exceeded the limits which we are accustomed to give to genera at present. 1. Characters which Meigen’s species of Orialis have in common. I discovered a number of characters which the species of this genus have in common, and which also occur in many species added to the genus by subsequent authors. ‘These com- mon characters, to the exclusion of those which also belong to most of the neighboring families, are the following :— } Front broad in both sexes; a more or less distinctly developed small callosity runs from each corner of the vertex down the front; it bears in front of the lateral bristle of the vertex one or two distinct additional bristles ; beyond this, the front is beset with only short hairs, or else quite bare; it never has the second row of bristles, nearer the orbit, which distinguishes all the genera of Trypetide. Eyes bare, even under a strong Jens; the compound micro- scope shows only some sparse, very short hairs. ORTALIDH—INTRODUCTION. 3 ~The frontal fissure is distinct, but the frontal lunule is not pushed up as far as the front, so as to seem to form a part of it; on the contrary, it appears as the upper part of the face. Vibrisse, such as they appear in all the genera of Helomyzide, are not extant. The clypeus is always distinct. The palpi are rather broad ; the proboscis more or less stout. The metathorax is larger than usual, very much projecting inferiorly and posteriorly. The feet short and strong, rather than long and slender ; middle tibie distinctly spurred; front and hind tibie spurless ; the erect bristle extant in several families of the Diptera acalyp- tera on the upper side of the tibiz, near their end, for instance in the Sapromyzide and Sciomyzide, does not occur here in any species. . The abdomen of the male has four segments, the first of which, like the first segment of the female abdomen, is formed of two coalescent segments ; the diminutive fifth segment of the male abdomen forms the small, more or less imbedded hypopy- gium; the sometimes more filiform, in other instances tape-like, rolled up penis is of an extraordinary length. | The abdomen of the female consists of five segments; the sixth, seventh, and eighth segments are converted into a flat- tened, extensile ovipositor, the first joint of which surpasses the two following in breadth very much, and is often colored like the rest of the abdomen; the slender last joint of the ovipositor ends in a simple point. The wings show the complete venation of the Diptera acalyp- tera; the auxiliary vein is entirely separated from the first longitudinal vein, although it is sometimes rather approximated to it; it ends at amore or less acute angle in the costal vein, without becoming less distinct at its end; the first longitudinal vein is provided with bristles, at least at its end; the two pos- terior basal cells are comparatively large. 2. Species erroneously placed in the genus Ortalis. The agreement of all the species placed by Meigen in the genus Ortalis would have been complete if O. peciloptera (fulminans M.), connexa, vibrans, and syngenesie did not show differences, which require a special mention. O. peciloptera and connexa differ from the other species in 4 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IIT. the presence of a row of bristles on each side near the orbit, be- sides the bristles common to all the Ortalide. These bristles are a character so exclusively peculiar to the Trypetide that we cannot but consider those two species as belonging to that family (as I have already proved it elsewhere). They cannot, therefore, be further considered here, Ortalis vibrans, the female of which has only four segments on the abdomen, approaches, in the absence of bristles upon the first longitudinal vein, Palloptera and the related genera so much, that one might be tempted to place it among the Pal- lopteride; but there are other genera having the first longitu- dinal vein bare, to which Ortalis vibrans is still more closely allied, and which, as I will have occasion to show hereafter, cannot possibly be separated from the Ortalide. Such being the case, O. vibrans has to remain in this family, and this is also justified by the large size of the two posterior cells in this species, which is a proof of its relationship to the other Orta- lide. There is no doubt, at the same time, that this species is a stranger in Meigen’s genus Orialis. Ortalis syngenesize is also distinguished from the other species of Ortalis by its abdomen, which has only four segments in the female; in other respects it is more related to them than OQ. vibrans; it is more closely allied to the species of the genus Platystoma than to the other species of Meigen’s Ortalis. The other European Ortalide. After having thus disposed of those species placed by Meigen in the genus Ortalis, which have either to be entirely withdrawn from the family of Ortalidx, or which can only conditionally be received in it, the next step to be taken, in order to chalk out the whole extent of the family Orlalidx, is to discover such other genera as may likewise possess the characters common to the species of Ortalis. After this, we will have to point out such genera as possess not all, but most of those charac- ters only, and especially the principal ones; and thus we will reach a limit beyond which only such genera will be found, as, on account of important differences from the species of Ortalis, cannot any more be united in one family with them. This research has also to show us which among the characters common to the above enumerated species oi Ortalis have to be ORTALIDE—INTRODUCTION. 5 stricken out, or at least to be modified, in order to leave, as a residue, the true characters of the family Ortalide. Here also I begin with the European fauna, as the genera and species composing it are by far the best known. The variously organized groups of species, within the genus Ortalis, each have, outside of this genus, a circle of relation- ship of their own. 1. Forms reminding of Ortalis lamed. If we begin with Ortalis lamed (pulchella Meig.), we are led at once towards Sciomyza bucephala Meig., which Macquart has united, with several other heterogeneous species, in the genus Ofites, and for which I have later established the genus Cormocaris. Cormocaris brings us to Tetanops, which agrees in its prin- cipal characters with Cormocaris bucephala, quite erroneously placed in the genus Sctomyza by Meigen. In this species, as well as in all the European species of Tetanops which I know of, none of the characters are wanting the presence of which distinguishes the genus Ortalis. The genus Jetanops again leads us towards Dorycera; the remarkable elongation of the second antennal joint is a peculiar. character of most species of this genus, a character not to be found in the species of Ortalis. However, the difference in the length of this joint in different species of Dorycera sufficiently shows that too much systematic stress ought not to be laid upon this character; all the other characters agreeing with those of the Ortalidx, Dorycera must necessarily be placed in this family. Next to Dorycera I find the genus Adapsilia, founded by Waga, which, like most Dorycerex, has an elongated second an- tennal joint. It is distinguished by a very projecting front, very approximated antenne, and the want of ocelli; with the species of Ortalis it agrees in the characters already specified, except that the first joint of the ovipositor of the female is not flattened, as in all the species of Ortalis, but capsule-shaped, swollen; as, however, in other respects the structure of this Ovipositor resembles that of Ortalis, Adapsilia must also be added to the Ortalide. At the same time, the statement con- cerning the shape of the ovipositor of this family must be some- what modified to be applicable to Adapsilia. 6 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III, I know of no other European genus which, although still more distant from Orialis in the direction of Adapsilia, would never- theless be admissible into the family of Ortalide. 2. Forms reminding of Ortalis syngenesie. 3 Tf, in our search for forms related to Orialis, we start from Ortalis syngenesiz, distinguished by its four-jointed female abdo- men, the genera Ulidia, Timia and Platystoma at once claim our attention. Ulidia, in Meigen’s sense, is not a homogeneous genus. Ulidia demandata is too aberrant to remain in it. Together with seve- ral exotic species allied to it, it has to form a separate genus for which Chrysomyza, a name already used by Fallen for Ulidia demandata, may be applied. Timia apicalis, described by Meigen, is nothing but an Ulidia, and must be referred to this genus; the differences which appear in Meigen’s statements and his figures do not exist in nature. Timia erythrocephala, upon which Wiedemann, in the Ana- lecta, has founded the genus Zima, differs from Ulidia only in its extreme glabrousness, its swollen head, much more project- ing beyond the eyes in profile, and perhaps also the somewhat less developed clypeus; in all the other important characters both genera agree. ) In all the species hitherto placed in the genera Zimza and Ulidia, and consequently also in the species of Chrysémyza, the first longitudinal vein is bare. In all other respects, these spe- cies share all the characters common to the species of Ortalis, so that, in my opinion, their position among the Ortalide cannot well be disputed, unless we separate from this family all the spe- cies the first longitudinal vein of which is bare. Nevertheless, the relationship between the species of Ulidia, Timia, and Chry- somyza to Ortalis syngenesiz cannot be considered as unusually close, because they differ from it, not only in the bareness of the first longitudinal vein, but also in the presence of a fifth, very much abbreviated, segment of the female abdomen. A genus agreeing with them in the bareness of the first longi- tudinal vein, and most closely related to them, is the genus Hm- » pyelocera, introduced by me. The genus Lonchea also seems related to Ulidia; I will, therefore, in the sequel, explain its systematic location. : The species of Platystoma differ somewhat from Ortalis in the ORTALIDA—INTRODUCTION. 7 shape of the ovipositor: its first joint is smaller, narrower, and somewhat less flattened; generally also more withdrawn in the last abdominal segment. The hypopygium, formed by the upper half of the fifth abdominal segment, is unusually small ; whether ‘the penis has the shape of an unrolled tape or thread I cannot ascertain at present, as I have no fresh specimens at hand, but I have every reason to suppose that such is the case, as the female ovipositor, in its structure, is absolutely analogous to that of the species of Ortalis. The agreement of all other characters com- pels us to admit Platystoma among the Oritalide ; and this genus really shows, in the four-jointed abdomen of the female, the ab- sence of bristles on the pleure and an analogous structure of the mouth, a close relationship to Ortalis syngenesie. I know of no other European genera which, in following the same direction of relationship, might be still more distant from Orialis than the species of Platystoma are, and which, neverthe- less, would show a sufficient agreement with the Orialide to be placed among them. I, therefore, hold Platystoma to be one the more distant genera, placed on the extreme limit of the family. 3. Forms reminding of Ortalis paludum. | Species like Ortalis paludum, luctuosa, and others of the same group, remind of the genera Psairoptera and Cephalia. - The comparatively low head, the transversely oval eyes, and the small development of the clypeus give Psatroptera a very peculiar appearance ; nevertheless in all the other important characters it agrees with the species of Ortalis so well, that its position among the Ortalidx cannot be disputed, although its precise location within this family may not be very easy to de- termine. The ralationship of Psairoptera with the above-named species of Ortalis, far from being a close one, can rather be called distant. In Cephalia I cannot discover a single character which would justify its separation from the Ortalidx. To place this genus among the Sepside seems to me utterly impracticable, as the distinctive character of the latter family, the rudimentary struc- ture of the palpi, must be maintained, unless we render the limits of the family altogether doubtful. Moreover, Cephalia does not show any vestige of vibrisse which the Sepsidx possess, and more than all, the structure of the ovipositor of Cephalia is like 8 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. that of the Ortalidex, and not like that of the Sepsidx. Cepha- lia is more closely related to the above-named species of Ortalis than Psairoptera. 4. Forms not resembling any of Meigen’s species. A fly which possesses all the essential characters of the species of Ortalis, and undoubtedly belongs to the Ortalide, is the Scatophaga fasciata of Fabricius, erroneously placed by Meigen in the genus Trypeta. The Musca octopunctata of Coquebert, Dec. III., Tab. XXIV., is probably identical with it. The cir- cumstance that there is no other European Ortalida resembling this species probably caused Meigen to overlook its true rela- tionship. Similar forms are more frequent in other parts of the world, especially in America. Among them I will name Dictya ocellata Fabr., Ortalis vau Say, and Platystoma annulipes Macq., which, by the way, is no Platystoma at all. Aciphorea not belonging to the ORTALID!. That group of genera which, on account of its peculiar, three- jointed, horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point, has been called, and not improperly, Diptera aciphorea, is represented in Europe, besides the Trypetidz and those genera which, on the preceding pages, I have claimed for the Ortalidz, only by Lonchexa, with the genus Haromyia, separated from it by Zetterstedt, and by Palloptera and Toxoneura. As it would be useless to look for Ortalide outside of the Diptera aciphorea, it remains for us at present to define the position of those genera with regard to the Ortalidex. The number and position of the frontal bristles, the distinct- ness of the clypeus, the absence of vibrisse, and the want of the characteristic bristle on the upper side of the tibia, before its end, which is distinctive of several families, the spurred middle tibia, the spurless front and hind tibiz, as well as the com- pleteness of the venation, clearly prove the close relationship of these genera with Ortalis. They are less closely allied to the Trypetide, from which they differ in the arrangement of the frontal bristles and in the course of the auxiliary vein. All four differ from all the genera, the location of which among the Orta- lide I have proved in the preceding discussion, by a much smaller size of the two posterior, usually called small, basal cells CRYALIDE—INTRODUCTION. 9 of the wings, and all four agree among themselves in the ab- sence of bristles on the first longitudinal vein, and this character they share with some of the genera placed among the Ortalide. The genera Palloptera and Toxoneura possess moreover another striking character, which occurs also among some few of the genera of Ortalidz, but in none to that marked extent; they have, upon the middle of the otherwise short-pilose, thoracic dorsum, as far as its anterior part, a series of binary bristles, distinguished by their length, stoutness, and regular arrangement. The dif- ference in the venation already spoken of, together with this marked peculiarity in the arrangement of the bristles of the thorax, seem to afford sufficient ground for excluding those two genera from the family Ortalide. I consider them as the nucleus of a separate family, which I call Pallopteride. The systematic position of Zonchea is more difficult to de- cide upon than that of Palloptera and Toxoneura While the venation of Lonchxa closely approaches these two genera, the position of the bristles on its thorax is more like that of many Orta- lidx, as there are no stronger bristles on the thoracic dorsum, anterior to the suture ; this genus stands therefore nearer to the undoubted Ortalide than Palloptera or Toxoneura. Against its being united with the Ortalidx may be urged (not to men- tion the smallness of the two posterior basal cells), not so much those characters which are common to all Lonchee, as a number of peculiarities, which do not occur among the Ortalide, and which distinguish different species of Zonchxa, and are quite proper to form the basis of a subdivision of this widespread and rather numerous genus, As such characters I consider the long and strong hairs upon the whole body of some species, the long and dense pubescence of the eyes of others, the partial coalescence of the auxiliary vein with the first longitudinal in several, and finally the circumstance that in the females of some species the sixth abdominal segment does not take part in the formation of the ovipositor quite in the same manner as among the Ortalide. I am afraid that the Ortalide, as a family, would lose too many of their well-defined characters, if, in order to accommodate Lonchea among them, we undertook to modify these characters in accordance with the above men- tioned peculiarities of the latter genus. The nature of the 10 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. venation of the wings having proved, in so many cases, to be the most trustworthy character for the distinction of the families of diptera, we have to take care not to attach too little importance to the smallness of the posterior basal cells in Lonchea, cells which, in the Ortalidx, always are of a considerable size. These reasons induce me to exclude Lonchea from among the Ortalidex. Those entomologists who take the European fauna alone in con- sideration, will, I have no doubt, justify this course, as that fauna does not contain any intermediate forms between Lonchea and the genera of Orialide, but I am not quite as sure of the approbation of those who have a wide acquaintance with the diptera from all parts of the world, because, among the number, forms occur which seem to be intermediate between Lonchea and the genera of Orialide allied to Ulidia, and it is possible | that the discovery of a large number of such forms may, at some future time, render the exclusion of Lonchea from the Ortalidz less plausible than it appears tome now. In the first volume of these monographs, I placed this genus in the family of the Pallopteride and considered it as the typical genus of a second group in this family. Whether this arrangement, which I for the present retain, is satisfactory, or whether it would not be better to take Lonchea as the typical genus of a separate, small family, intermediate between the Pallopteridz and the Ortalide, is beyond the scope of the present discussion, and may, there- fore, be left for future investigation. The genus Haromyia is so near Lonchea, that, with regard to its systematic position, whatever I said of the latter may be applied to the former. | 7 Summary of the European Ortalide. From what precedes may be deduced the following list of genera and species of European diptera, which I place in the family of Ortalide: all the species of Ortalis, in Meigen’s sense, with the exception of O. peciloptera and connexa; Sciomyza bucephala; the genera Adapsilia, Dorycera, Teta- nops, Psairoptera, Cephalia, Platystoma, Timia, Ulidia, Chry- somyza, Empyelocera, and, finally, Trypeta fasciata. ORTALIDA—INTRODUCTION. 1l THE ORTALIDA OTHER THAN HUROPEAN. I will now try to find the genera and species from other parts of the world than Europe, which must be placed in the family Orialide. (a.) In Wiedemann. I begin by the Ortalidz contained in Wiedemann’s writings. Besides his species of the genus Ortalis, against the location of two of which, however, I will have to raise some doubts, and be- sides his Timia erythrocephala, which occurs in the southeast of Kurope and in the neighboring provinces of Asia, the species of » Cephalia described by him undoubtedly belong to the Ortalide. They differ somewhat from the European Cephalia rufipes, and belong in the relationship of those species which Rob. Desvoidy distributed among his genera Polistodes and Myrmecomyia: Mr. Macquart has established for them the genus Michogaster (better Mischogaster), which coincides with the genus Conop- sidea, introduced by him at a later time. The two Ortalis of Wiedemann, the systematic position of which seems doubtful to me, are Ortalis trifasciata and ato- maria, both from Brazil, both closely related to each other, and somewhat reminding, in their general appearance, of Richardia and Rhopalomera. Both have an erect bristle before the end of the tibiee, which I cannot take for anything else but the preapi- cal bristle, wanting in all the Ortalidx. Considering the impor- tance which the presence or absence of this bristle has in the classification of all the Diptera acalyptera, I would be very much inclined to exclude both of those species from the family Ortalidx, if F could assign them a fitting place in some other family. The structure of the ovipositor clearly proves that they _belong in the circle of the Diptera aciphorea, but even in this wider circle the existence of their, however weak, preapical bris- tle assigns them a rather isolated position. The venation and the position of the frontal bristles, in which they agree with the Ortalide, do not allow their introduction among the Trypetide. They have still less connection with the Pallopteride. Hence, nothing remains to be done, as it seems, but to tolerate them in the family Ortalide, however unwelcome they may be among them, as, in consequence of their appearance, the absence of a 12 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. preapical bristle ceases to be an undoubted distinctive character of the Ortalide. That these two species, to which several un- described South American forms have to be added, are to form the nucleus of a new genus is beyond question. I propose for it the name of Automola. Whether the two species of Fabricius, which Wiedemann quotes among the species of Ulidia, really belong to this genus cannot be decided without seeing the original specimens; but I have no doubt that they belong to the Ortalide. I would sup- pose that Ulidia stigma belonged to the genus Notogramma, and that Ulidia xnea is a Chrysomyza. Wiedemann’s genus Pyrgota, with which Oxycephala, Macq. is absolutely identical, shows all the characters of the Orlalide. It is closely allied to Adapsilia, the only difference being that the antennal foveze are shorter, while in Adapsilia they are parallel, and run down to the edge of the mouth; but, as in dif- ferent species of Pyrgota these fovez vary in length, this differ- ence has so little importance that Adapsilia might, without any inconvenience, be united with Pyrgota. The genus Dacus, in Wiedemann’s writings, is a mixture of many very different forms of diptera, most of which are Orta- lide and two species are Trypetide. Two of the species of which Wiedemann formed the first section of the genus Dacus, form now, together with other species added since, the genus Stenopterina, which Macquart established under the name of Senopterina, and which he placed quite correctly among the Ortalidez. The Dacus flavicornis, placed by Wiedemann in the first division as a third species, has a certain general resemblance to the two former species; it differs, however, in the bareness of the first longitudinal vein and in several other characters, too much to be united in the same genus with them; nevertheless, this species, as well as the two others, belong to the Ortalide. Among the species of Wiedemann’s second division of Dacus D, succinctus must be referred to the Ortalide ; it belongs in the immediate relationship of O. syngenesiz. Dacus bicolor likewise belongs to the Ortalide. The remaining Dacus of Wiedemann’s second division are Trypetide; some of them belong to the genus Trypeta, if we take it in the wider sense of Meigen and Wiedemann ; for instance, Dacus parallelus, fra- — ORTALIDA—INTRODUCTION. 13 terculus, serpentinus; the greatest part of the residue are species which may be left in the genus Dacus. On the other hand, Wiedemann has placed in the genus Try- peta several species which do not belong to the Trypetide at all and have all the characters of the Ortalidxe. Such species are: Trypeta ocellata, which Macquart described again as a - supposed new species, under the name of Platystoma ocellata, and upon which Rondani established later the genus Pterocalla ; Trypeta obscura, which is very closely allied to the former, and which Macquart very improperly placed in the genus Campio- neura, while its place is in the genus Pterocalla, next to P. ocellata; moreover Trypeta picta, the typical species of the Ortalideous genus Camptoneura; Trypeta flexa, which may be placed in the genus Mischogaster; Trypeta trimaculata, rede- scribed by Macquart as Celometopia ferruginea; Trypeta cy- anogaster, basilaris, scutellaris, and perhaps several others among Wiedemann’s Jrypetx, which I have not had the occa- sion to compare. Those species which Wiedemann placed in the genus Platy- stoma, with the exception of his Platystoma decora, really belong to that genus, and consequently to the Ortalide. Platystoma decora, which induced Macquart to establish the genus Loxo- neura, is also to be placed among the Ortalide. Tetanops sanguiniceps was described by Wiedemann from a specimen of the Berlin Museum, I have seen this species, unless my memory deceives me, not in the Berlin Museum, but in Wiede- mann’s collection. I found that in the structure of the head and in the venation it does not sufficiently agree with the Euro- pean species of Tetanops to be left inthe same genus with them, but, at the same time, that it undoubtedly belongs to the family of the Ortalide. I am sure that the Dichromyia brasiliensis of Rob. Desvoidy, described as the type of the new genus Di- chromyia, is the same species. | The Scatophaga bispinosa Fab., placed by Wiedemann in the genus Tetanocera, differs from the other Ortalidz in the vena- tion as well as in the shape of the scutellum very much, but nevertheless, judging from Wiedemann’s statements, and espe- cially from his figure, it undoubtedly belongs in that family, where Macquart also places it in establishing for it the genus Notacanthina. Should we judge, however, from Macquart’s 14 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. fizure (in the Diptéres Hxotiques, II., 8, Tab. xxviii., fig. 8), we would not place it among the Ortalidz, as it shows distinctly spurred front and hind tibie ; these spurs, however, as well as many other things in Macquart’s figures, are probably produc- tions of the draughtsman’s fancy. In the most slovenly figure of the same species in Macquart’s Suites a@ Buffon, no such spurs are to be found. That Dacus podagricus Fab., placed by Wiedemann in Cor- dylura, does not belong to that genus, nor to the Cordyluridzx in general, has been recognized long ago. For this species, as well as for similar ones, the genus Richardia has been estab- lished by Rob. Desvoidy in the family of the Ortalide. The systematic location of Dictya externa Fab. cannot well be ascertained, owing to the insufficient statements of Fabricius as well as of Wiedemann; the latter are in an insoluble contra- diction to Wiedemann’s figure in what regards the shape of the head and the picture on the thorax; judging by the figure, it would seem that the fly does not belong to the Dipiera acalyp- tera at all. The genus Rhopalomera, Wied. seems to have been by all later authors unhesitatingly referred to the Ortalidx. I look upon this decision as far from unobjectionable, but can very well con- ceive that a certain resemblance in the shape of the head be- tween the species of Rhopalomera and Platystoma (with the | genera allied to it), may easily have given rise to such an opinion. The species of Rhopalomera differ in a striking man- ner from all the Ortalide in the structure of the hypopygium of the male, while in this respect they show a most decided leaning towards the Sapromyzide, Sciomyzide, and the families imme- diately connected with them. The females are not provided with a borer-like ovipositor, composed of elongated, retractile joints ; the metanotum is but very little developed, less than usual among the Ortalidx; the front and middle tibisze have, on the upper side, before their end, an erect bristle; upon the upper side of the hind tibie, this bristle, in most species, is not distinctly visible among the general pilosity of the tibia; nevertheless, it is easily recognizable in some species, for instance Rhopalomera pleuropunctata Wied. Such are the characters which, in my opinion, not only render the location of Rhopalomera among the Ortalidx doubtful, but even impossible. If, among the ORTALID H—INTRODUCTION. 15 diptera I am acquainted with, I look for the immediate connec- tions of Rhopalomera, I find them unmistakably among the South African species of the genus Cestrotus, erected by me. Before all, the striking structure of the head, reminding partly of some genera of Hphydrinide, partly of the Ortalidz, is very much alike in both genera; this resemblance extends to the mode of pilosity of the face, the shape of the antenne, and the feathery pubescence of the arista. Moreover, the small develop- ment of the metanotum, the shape of the hypopygium, and the structure of the last segments of the female abdomen are very much alike. Now, as the genus Cestrotus, through the inter- mediate steps of Prosopomyia and Physogenia, approaches the family of the Sapromyzide very closely, I do not find any serious objection to placing Rhopalomera in the same family. That Rhopalomera is one of the extreme genera of the family cannot be doubtful; the size of the two posterior basal cells especially distinguishes it from all the other genera of Sapromyzidz in a very striking manner, and connects it with the Sciomyzidx; for this reason it would be also possible, by slightly modifying the definition of the boundary between those two families, to place Rhopalomera among the Sciomyzide. Those who will not share either of these two views, and pre- fer to place among the Ortalide a genus which is far apart from all the Diptera aciphorea in the structure of the ovipositor, may locate Rhopalomera in the vicinity of Richardia, on account of the bareness of the first longitudinal vein, the rounded end of the posterior basal cell, and the spines on the femora. Thus, the following diptera, described in Wiedemann’s works, belong to the Ortalidew: his species of Ortalis; all the species which he brings in the genera Timia, Ulidia, Cephalia, Platy- stoma, Tetanops, and Pyrgota; in his genus Dacus, the three species in the first division, and Dacus succinctus and bicolor in the second; in the genus Trypeta, Trypeta ocellata, obscura, picta, flexa, trimaculata, basilaris, cyanogaster, and scutellaris ; in the genus Tetanocera, his T. bispinosa, and finally, his Cor- dylura podagrica. (b.) In Robineau Desvoidy. I turn now, not without reluctance, to the writings of R. Des- voidy. In his well-known Essai sur les Myodaires he united 16 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. the genera which we are considering under the general name of Phytomyde Myodinz. This generalization may be considered as successful, as it contains but little which is foreign, that is which would be better placed among his Aciphorex, equivalent to the family Trypetide, and as at the same time it excludes but little of what really belongs to the Ortalidx. 'The position also which Rob. Desvoidy assigns to the Phytomyde Myodine, next to the Phytomydx Thelidomyde, that is, the Micropezide, cannot but be sustained, as the latter are closely related to the Ortalide. After his Phytomyde Thelidomydz Rob, Desvoidy places his Aciphoree, that is, the Trypetidz, while he would have done better in reversing this order of his two divisions, on ac- count of the close relationship between the Ortalidz and the Trypetidx. The sovereign neglect-of all previous publications, the wretched manner in which most of his genera are established, chiefly upon merely relative differences (for instance, a some- what longer third antennal joint, a somewhat more pubescent arista, etc.), without regard to the most striking plastic cha- racters, the very slovenly description of many species of un- known habitat, etc., have, long ago, put this author’s writings in such bad repute that it would not be easy to add anything to it. It would be unjust, however, after this fully deserved blame, not to recognize that Rob. Desvoidy’s judgment, with regard to questions of relationship, in this case, as in many others, was a very correct one. The genera which he places among the Phytomydx Myodinz are: Dichromya, Palpomya, Hesyquillia, Heramya, Myoris, Oscinis, Blainvillia, Meckelia, Melieria, Myennis, Strauzia, Vidalia, Delphinia, Acidia, -Myrmecomya, Polystodes, Sty- lophora, Herina, Myodina, Richardia, Rivellia, Boisduvalia, Jlidonia, Setellia, Chlorophora. Concerning these genera and their names, I will offer the following remarks :— The genus Dichromya (the name ought to be improved to Dichromyia) is adopted by Macquart in his Diptéres Hxotiques, and placed among his Heteromyzides. The Dichromyia brasil- zensis of Rob. Desvoidy is the same as the Platystoma micro- cera of Macquart’s Suites @ Buffon, and was described still earlier as Telanops sanguiniceps by Wiedemann. Not being a Tetanops this species must therefore be considered as the type of the genus Dichromyia. The position among the Orialide, ORTALIDA—INTRODUCTION. 17 assigned to it by R. Desvoidy, I hold to be correct; with Pla- iystoma it has nothing to do. The genus Palpomya, a hybrid name, being formed out of a Latin and a Greek word, and not rendered more valuable by its improvement in Palpomyia, is identical with Platystoma; the typical Palpomyia Lalandi is nothing else but the well-known Platystoma asphaltina Wied. ‘The generic characters given by R. Desvoidy are entirely erroneous. Under the name of Hesyquillia Rob. Desvoidy describes Pla- tystoma seminationis Fab., and under that of Hesyquillia lu- gubris the Platystoma umbrarum Fab.; thus, the genus Hesy- quillia likewise coincides with Platystoma. The genus Heramya, which ought at least to be called He- ramyia, is based upon Sciomyza bucephala, which R. Desvoidy did not recognize, as well as upon another species which is very like it, if not identical. Macquart united this species with Myoris (a name which it is difficult to explain), a genus not dis- tinguished by a single character of any value, and with Blazin- _ villia (a preoccupied name), and thus formed his genus Otites (a name which Latreille had already used in a broader sense); but he placed in it moreover some true Sctomyzide. The genus Oscinis, as understood by R. Desvoidy, is identical with Dorycera; it has nothing in common with the genus of the same name to which Fallen reduced the much more comprehen- sive genus Oscznis of Latreille. . Meckelia (an already preoccupied name) and Melierea (pro- bably also a dedication name), contain species belonging to Macquart’s Ortalideous genus Ceroxys. The genus Myennis (a badly formed name), is established for Scatophaga fasciata Fab., which Macquart, in the Suites a Buffon, describes as Ortalis fasciata, after Rob. Desvoidy, and, for a second time, as Tephritis fasciata, after Meigen. Strauzia (as the genus is dedicated to Strauss-Diirkheim, the name should be spelt Strawssta) does not belong to the Orta- lidz at all, but to the Zrypetide; the two species described by Rob. Desvoidy are nothing else but the male and female of Trypeta longipennis Wied., which Rob. Desvoidy did not re- cognize. Vidalia seems likewise to belong to the Trypetidxe; not 2 18 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. _ [part OL having succeeded yet, however, in identifying the species, 1 am not positive about it. The genus Delphinia is established for Trypeta picta, Fab., which Rob. Desvoidy did not recognize; the unbecoming generic name was afterwards replaced by Camptoneura Macq. The genus Acidia belongs to the Trypetide. Myrmecomya (more correctly Myrmecomyia) and Polystodes (better Polistotdes) taken together nearly correspond to the genus Michogaster (better Mischogaster) of Macquart, placed by the latter among the Sepside. The size of the palpi and the structure of the ovipositor do not justify this location, and the genus undoubtedly belongs to the Ortalide. Of the position of the genus Stylophora in the system I cannot judge, not knowing the species upon which it is based. Herina (the derivation of the name is not apparent) com- prises species from the relationship of Ortalis paludum. The genus Myodina (again a name of obscure derivation) is based upon Crialis vibrans, which R. Desvoidy took for Oréalts urtice. Macquart, in the Suztes @ Buffon, very erroneously united this genus with Ortalis, throwing together various very different species. Long before Rob. Desvoidy, Kirby had used for Ortalis vibrans the generic name of Sezoptera. Richardia is founded either upon Dacus podagricus Fab., not recognized by Rob. Desvoidy, or else on some closely allied species. Rivellia (probably a dedication name) contains species re- lated to Ortalis syngenesiz, and among them this very species, as usual, not recognized by Rob. Desvoidy. Macquart in the Suzées a Buffon unites Rivellia with Herina, while the species really belonging to it are put in the genus Urophora, or even in Pla- tystoma; and upon one of them, in his later works, he even es- tablishes a new genus, Epidesma. Whether the genus Boisduvalia really differs from the pre- ceding only in the length of the third antennal joint seems very doubtful; should this be the ease, the separation of these two genera would not be justified. Clidonia is considered by the author himself as belonging to quite a different family, in which we will not contradict him. Setellia seems to contain Ortalidz resembling Micropezide in their general appearance. ORTALIDZ—INTRODUCTION, 19 Chlorophora may also belong there, as Rob. Desvoidy espe- cially mentions its relationship to Setellia. The following among Rob. Desvoidy’s genera belong there- fore to the Orialide: Dichromyia, Palpomyia, Hesyquillia, Heramyia, Myoris, Oscinis, Blainvillia, Meckelia, Melieria, Myennis, Delphinia, Myrmecomyia, Polistoides, Herina, Myo- dina, Richardia, Rivellia, Boisduvallia. Very probably Se- tellia and Chlorophora have to be added to them. The syste- matic position of Stylophora is doubtful. Genera not belonging to the Ortalidz are: Straussia, Vidalia, Acidia, Clidonia. - (c.) In Macquart. During his long career as an entomological writer, Macquart has several times changed his views with regard to the classifi- cation of the Diptera acalyptera, as was to be expected from the great difficulty of the subject. His opinion, however, on . the extent of the family Ortalide has, during that time, under- gone but little change. As, strictly speaking, he is the only writer who has attempted to establish a general system of the diptera, embracing all parts of the world, I consider it as my duty to give a detailed account of his views, the more so as they differ from mine in a not unimportant manner. To attain this end I will enumerate all those of his families, with their genera, which, according to my opinion, contain genera belonging to the Ortalidzx, as well as to the families closely connected with them, for instance, Palloptera, Toxoneura, Lonchzxa. In order to show the progress made by Macquart during his dipterological studies I will give this in a twofold manner, that is, first after the Suites a@ Buffon and next after the Diptéres Exotiques. Those genera which I consider as undoubtedly Ortalideous I have marked with an exclamation; those doubtfully introduced into this family I have designated by an interrogation. The genera related to the Ortalidz, which I have united in the family Pallopteridz, I have inclosed in brackets; the same I have done with the genus Sapromyza, because Macquart does not separate the species of Palloptera from the Sapromyze, although the typical Sapromyzz have no relationship whatever with the Ortalide. The review of the part of the system above alluded to, from the Suites a Buffon, is as follows :— 20 DIPTERA OF Scatomyzide. { Amethysa, Scatophaga, ! Notacanthina, Dryomyza, Rhopalomera, (Sapromy za, ) ! Hurypalpus, (Toxoneura, ) ! Platystoma, Sciomyza, ! Loxoneura. Lucina, Helomyza, Tephritide. Blephariptera, Dacus, Heteromyza. Leptoxys, Bactrocera, Psilomyde. ! Senopterina, Orygma, Petalophora, Trigonometopus, Urophora, Eurina, Terellia, Psilomyia, Tephritis, ! Tetanops, Acinia, ! Pyrgota, Ensina. ! Otites, Platycephala, Sepside. ! Dorycera. Sepsis, Cheligaster, Ortalide. Nemopoda, ! Herina, ! Cephalia, ! Ortalis, ! Michogaster, ! Ceroxys, Diopsis. Cleitamia, NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Thyreophoride. Thyreophora,. Leptopodite. . Tanypeza, | Calobata, Teniaptera, _Micropeza, Nerius, Longina, ! Setellia. Ulidini. Actora, Coelopa, Gymnopoda, Lipara, ! Ulidia. Lauxanide. Lauxania, Pachycerina, (Lonchea,) (Teremyia,) Pterodontia, Celyphus. In the Diptéres Hxotiques the corresponding part of the sys- tem assumes the following shape, about which I have only to ob- serve that in this work Macquart brings in only those genera in which he intended to describe, or at least. to mention, exotic species; the genera Toxoneura, Lucina, Tetanops, Otites, Platy- cephala, etc., although not mentioned in this list, ought, in order to render it complete, to be transferred to it from the former. Scatomyzide. Scatophaga. Sciomyzide. Dryomyza, Tapeigaster, (Sapromyza, ) Physegenua, Sciomyza, Helomyza, Curtonotum. Psilomyde. ! Eumetopia, Kctecephala, ! Dorycera. Ortalide. ! Oxycephala, ! Loxoneura, ! Platystoma, ! Camptoneura, ! Heterogaster, Rhopalomera, ! Euripalpus, ! Enicoueura, ORTALIDH—INTRODUCTION. 21 Cardiacera, Sepsis. Cleitamia, Dacus, ! Richardia, ! Meracantha, Diopsidee. ! Senopterina, Bactrocera, Diopsis. ! Herina, Enicoptera, ! Epidesma, Ceratitis, Leptopodite. ! Ceroxys, Acanthoneura, Longina, ! Ortalis, Urophora, Nerius, ! Amethysa, ! Toxura, Cardiacera, ! Lamprogaster, Tephritis, Calobata, ' Euprosopia, Terellia, Toxopoda, ! Coelometopia, Acinia, Tanypeza, ! Notacanthina, ? Epicerella, ! Setellia. ! Cruphiocera, Ensina. ! Plagiocephala, Lauxanide. ! Campigaster. Sepside. (Lonchza,) ! Cephalia, Lauxania, Tephritide. ! Omalocephala, ! Ulidia, ! Odontomera, ' Conopsida, Zygothrica, Leptoxys, Nemopoda, Celyphus. In the Diptéres Hxotiques, after the families I have enume- rated the Helomyzide and Geomyzide follow, and after them the Heteromyzide. Heteromyza, Actora, ! Dichromyia, Ceelopa. In examining the systematic distribution, introduced by Mac- quart in the Suites @ Buffon, we soon find that as early as that work, he had, if not a definite knowledge, at least a correct in- stinct of the true characters of the Ortalidz, less correct, how- ever, than Rob. Desvoidy, who wrote before him. 'Those genera which, in that work, he united in the family Ortalide really belong to it, with the exception of Rhopalomera and, very probably, of Cleitamia; the latter genus seems to be hardly distinct from Henicoptera, which belongs to the Try- petide. . A double error seems to be contained in the separation of the genera Tetanops, Pyrgota, Otites, and Dorycera from the Orta- lide and their combination with Orygma, Trigonometopus, Eurina, Psilomyia, and Platycephala into one family, the Psi- 22 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. ad lomyde. Their relationship with the Orialide is evident Among the genera which Macquart places in one family with them, Eurina and Platycephala belong to the Oscinidex, each of the others to some other dipterous family ; none shows any close relationship to the Ortalidz. In the Diptéres Exotiques Macquart has in part corrected this error, as at least Oxycephala, of the identity of which with Pyrgota he was not aware, is put among the Ortalidex. 7 A second error is that the ortalideous genus Stenopferina (Macquart incorrectly writes Senopterina) has been placed in his family Tephritide. In the Diptéres Exotiques Macquart has amended this error. A third mistake consists in Macquart having placed in his genus Urophora several species which do not at all belong to his family Tephritide; his Urophora quadrivitiata, fulvifrons, and several others, are true Ortalide. Fourthly, the position of the genera Cephalia and Michogaster (better Mischogastra, or at least Mischogaster) among the Sep- side cannot be sustained. As has been observed already, we agree with Rob. Desvoidy in considering both as true Ortalidz on account of the large development of the palpi as well as of the structure of the ovipositor. Neither can I, in the fifth place, agree with Macquart in put- ting Setellia among his Leptopodide; I refer it also to the Or- talide, and this once more in agreement with Rob. Desvoidy. A sixth error is the great interval between Ulidia and the other Ortalidz, as well as the whole composition of the family Ulidini. Lipara, with which Macquart’s genus Gymnopoda is synonymous, belongs to the Oscinidx; Coelopa and Actora do not belong to the same family, neither with Zipara, nor with Ulidia, nor together. In the Diptéres Exotiques Macquart did rightly in dropping altogether the ill-conceived family of Ulidine. I will not expatiate here on the incorrectness of the position of Palloptera, Toxoneura, Lonchexa, and Teremyia (established for Lonchea laticornis), as this inquiry is of no especial im- portance to us. ; It is easy to perceive that the system is improved in the Dzp- teres Hxotiques ; but even here Dorycera is misplaced among the Psilomyde, together with Humetopia (which belongs to the Ortalidz). ORTALIDH—INTRODUCTION. pa In his family Tephritide the genus Odontomera is established, which is closely related to Celometopia on one side and Setellia on the other, and must therefore be transferred to the Ortalide. The same may be said of the genus Meracantha, the true place of which is in the vicinity of Odontomera, Setellia, Ccelo- metopia, Richardia, etc. The genus Toxura, judging from the published figure, also belongs to the Ortalidx, and indeed in the circle of relationship of Pyrgota; whether the examination of the insect itself would lead to the same result I do uot pretend to affirm, as I have not seen it. The figure of the head of Epicerella (Dipt. Exot. Net pol LV, Tab. xxvii.) might perhaps justify the supposition tina the genus belongs to the Ortalidx; nevertheless I think it more probable either that the frontal bristles, characteristic of the Trypetide, were broken off in Macquart’s specimen, or that they have been omitted in the drawing. Thus I do not dare to express any opinion as to the correctness of the position assigned by Mac- quart to this genus. Cephalia, in the Diptéres Exotiques, is likewise put among the Sepsidx instead of among the Ortalide. Omalocephala (better Homalocephala, at all events, a preoc- cupied name) seems to belong in the vicinity of Setellia, Ceelo- metoptia, etc., that is, in the family Ortalide. The genus Conopsidea, as Macquart informs us, is founded upon Cephalia femoralis Wied.; in the Suites @ Buffon, this same and two more species gave him occasion to establish the genus Michogasier. If these two data be correct, as we have every reason to suppose, Conopsidea would be a synonym of Michogaster ; the emendation of the incorrectly formed name Conopsidea thus, becomes useless. The erroneous location of Setellia at the end of the Leptopo- ditz is preserved. Ulidia is transferred to the erg! Lauxanidex, where it is a perfect stranger. About the systematic position of Zygothrica (not Zygotricha, _as Gray, in the Animal Kingdom, spoils, in trying to improve it), a genus already proposed by Wiedemann in his essay on Achias, I can only form an opinion from the statements of Wiedemann and Macquart on the typical species, Z. dispar, as well as from 24 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. their figures. It seems to me that this species may belong to the Drosophilide. In the Berlin Museum there is a little fly which apparently belongs to this genus; I have not been able to ascertain whether this species is Z dispar, but I have seen enough not to doubt in the least of its belonging to the Droso- philide. Dichromyia is wrongly placed by Macquart among the Hete- romyzidx, between Actora and Celopa. I will maintain for the present its position among the Ortalidx, although I cannot deny ~ that a better place might perhaps be found for it; however, no such place has been pointed out yet. Besides the typical spe- cies, Dichromyia sanguiniceps, Macquart has another species from Africa, which, as I will show hereafter, cannot well belong to this genus. About the genera which Macquart, in the Diptéres Hxotiques, places in the family Ortalide, I will make the following re- marks :— Oxycephala, as was mentioned before, is identical with Pyr- gota. Loxoneura is established for Platystoma decora. | Platystoma ismisused for the location of a number of hetero- geneous forms; whatever had broad wings, with a dark picture, among the rest a Trypeta, was taken by Macquart for a Platy-— stoma. Camptoneura is a true ortalideous genus, based upon Trypeta ‘ picta Wied., and, as observed above, identical with Delphinia Rob. Desv. Macquart has likewise used this genus for the introduction of species not belonging there at all, for instance, of Trypeta obscura Wied. Heterogaster (a preoccupied name) is a well founded genus in the neighborhood of Pyrgota. Euripalpus (a hybrid name), judging from Macquart’s data, belongs to the Ortalide. The genus Hniconeura (better Heniconeura) is said to be distinguished by its spurless middle tibie. If such were really the case the genus could not belong to the Ortalide, nor to any of the allied families. But in Heniconeura fenestralis Macq., I perceive at the end of the middle tibie a rather strong spur, which is closely applied to the tarsus when the latter is stretched ORTALID&—INTRODUCTION, 25 out. There cannot be any doubt, therefore, that the genus really belongs to the Ortalide. Richardia, in the Diptéres Exotiques, is with good reason en- tirely separated from Herina, with which it was united in the Suites a Buffon. | Senopterina (I have already corrected the name to Stenopte- rina) has been placed here where it really belongs, among the Ortalide. Herina is a mixture of heterogeneous forms, which must be generically kept apart. Epidesma is probably synonymous with Rivellia R. Desv. ; moreover, Macquart has placed species of the latter genus under the head of Herina, of Urophora, and even of Ceroxys. Ceroxys is a rather well founded genus, established at the expense of Ortalis Meig. But in the Diptéres Hxotiques Mac- quart adds species to it which do not at all share its characters ; for instance Ceroxys cerulea, etc. It almost seems, in such in- stances, that he mistakes this genus for another. The genus Ortalis is a mixture of heterogeneous species; how is it possible to crowd together in one and the same genus such species as Ortalis ornata Meig., fasciata Fab., connexa Fab., frondescentie Lin., vibrans Lin., and even the Ortalis dentipes Macq., said to be provided with spurs on the hind tibie ? Hither Macquart has not known these species or he has not closely examined them, otherwise he could not possibly have committed such a mistake; how very confused his ideas about the systematic position of these species was, appears from the fact that he described Scatophaga fasciata Fab. as an Ortalis, and for a second time as Tephritis and that Dictya connexa Fab. even appears three times in his writings, as Cordylura, as Ortalis, and as Tephritis! (Dipt. Haot., Suppl. iv., p. 292, Tephritis dorsalis. ) The true characters of Amethysa are not to be gathered from Macquart’s definition of this genus. As the name alludes to the color of the African species, upon which the genus is estab- . lished, it should be improved to Amethysta. Lamprogaster is a well founded genus; but the species he- longing to it show considerable differences in their organization which would fully justify a subdivision in several genera. It be- longs in the vicinity of Platystoma. 26 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 11, Celometopia seems to be founded on TZrypeta trimaculata Fab., which Macquart did not identify; it is closely allied to Odontomera and Setellia. Euprosopia undoubtedly belongs to the Orialide. Notacanthina is founded upon Tetanocera bispinosa Fab. The figure of the head of Cruphiocera (better Cryphiocera) seems to indicate that the species would be better placed in some other part of the system, as it has strong bristles on the fore- head; the other characters, however, prove that its location among the Ortalidz cannot well be called in doubt. The position of Plagiocephala among the Ortalidz likewise! cannot be doubted; it seems closely related to Richardia, which also contains broad headed species. Campigaster (a frightful compound) is undoubtedly well placed among the Ortalidx, but the name cannot be preserved in its present shape. (d.) In Walker. Although Macquart’s publications do not always define with sufficient precision the systematic position of the genera intro- duced by him, this position could, in most cases, be made out, aud moreover, the attempt, on his part, of a systematic distribu- tion is always apparent. Walker’s publications on exotic diptera do not, unfortunately, deserve this praise. The systematic de- partment, as well as everything else in them, is treated with the same superficial carelessness. In most cases it would be impos- sible to make out, from his statements, the real place in the system which the genera, introduced by him, must occupy, unless they were accompanied, as is often the case, by the excellent figures of Westwood. These usually furnish the necessary data concerning the relationship of the new genera; they would have done so in all cases if Westwood’s attention had been directed to the sometimes very minute characters which are used in the classification of the diptera and especially of the Diptera acaly- ptera; the fact that in the majority of cases these characters are reproduced in the figures, give a most brilliant proof of the ac- curacy of Westwood’s drawings, and of his keen perception. Walker’s publications in the List of Dipt. Ins. of the Brit. Mus., and in the Insecta Saundersiana, do not raise our expectations very high, as the Ortalide and Trypetide are mingled together ORTALIDH—INTRODUCTION. ya generally ; forms such as Camptoneura picta Fab., Trypeta arcu- ata Walk., T. albovaria Walk., T. excepta Walk., etc., are certainly no Trypetide! In Walker’s later publications, the systematic confusion is still greater. As far as I can ascertain, among the genera published in the latter, Adrana, Brea, Valonia, are Or- talidx ; the two latter belong in the vicinity of Platystoma. The genera Themara, Strumeta, Sophira, and Rioxa belong to the Trypetide. The genus Xangelina is closely related to Physo- genia, perhaps identical with it, and hence, has to be placed among the Sapromyzidz. The position of the genus Xiria re- mains doubtful, even in the presence of Westwood’s figure; it shows some characters which make one doubt that it belongs to the Diptera aciphorea at all. The genera Duomyia and Chro- ‘matomyia, which, taken together, seem to correspond to Lam- progaster Macq., and Zona, which is apparently identical with Loxoneura, are Ortalide ; Walker, in the List of Dipt. Ins. etc., has erroneously placed them among the Tachinide, together with: Trigonostoma, which likewise belongs to the Ortalide (how- ever, he corrected this error in one of his later publications. ) (e.) In Bigot, Gerstecker, Doleschall and Saunders. In recent times it is to Bigot and Gerstecker that the increase of our knowledge of exotic diptera is principally due. The genera Terastomyia, Maria, Agastrodes, and Pterogenia, established by Bigot, belong to the Ortalide. Hlassogaster like- wise, although placed among the Helomyzide by Bigot, must be referred to the Ortalide. His genus Hlaphromyia, on the con- trary, if description and figure be correct, belongs to the Try- petide. Gerstecker has established the ortalideous genera, Phytalmia, Gorgopis, Toxotrypana, and Diacrita, and described several new species of Richardia and Mischogaster. Phytalmia has a syno- nym in Saunders’s genus Llaphomyia (Hlaphomyia Wallacet Saund. = Phytalmia megalotis Gerst.; Hlaphomyia cervicornis Saund. = Phytalmia cervicornis Gerst.). The genus Gorgopis seems, as the author himself supposes, to be synonymous with Lygenula paradoxa, described somewhat earlier by Doleschall. If in the genus Toxotrypana the outer row of frontal bristles is really wanting, and it thus should really belong to the Ortalide, the not flattened ovipositor of this genus would place it in the 28 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [rPawt UI. ueighborhood of Pyrgota, with which it also agrees in the small development of the clypeus. However, the ocelli are fully developed, and the structure of the head is rather like that of the true species of Dacus, as Dacus ole, etc., so that it might per- haps be considered as a genus of this group, in which, in con- formity to the striking shortness of all the hairs of the body, the lateral bristles of the front have disappeared. This supposition seems confirmed by the scutellum which has only two bristles at the tip; and the uncovered last abdominal segment of the female, which is generally wanting in the Dacina, or is altogether con- cealed under the preceding segment, is not a positive objection, as this segment is very much abbreviated and much less horny than the preceding ones, and thus can very easily be concealed in the living insect. | Among the scattered publications of various authors many forms may be found which belong to the Ortalide. I purposely omit what I know of them, especially the gradually published species of the genera already discussed by me. It is not in my power to collect the residue, and I doubt whether such a work would materially alter the limits of the family Ortalidez as they have resulted from the preceding discussion. NATURAL CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY ORTALIDA. If we ask now what we have to erase or to modify in the cha- racters of the original genus Ortalis, in Meigen’s and Wiede- mann’s sense, in order to obtain the characters defining the whole family, the answer will be that it is very little indeed. In the first place, the mention of the pilosity of the front must be modi- fied a little, as there are genera among the Ortalide which have no other bristle before the bristles of the vertex. Next to that, the description of the structure of the feet has to be changed thus, that in most genera they are short and strong, but in some rather elongate. In the third place, the statement about the female abdomen must be modified by saying that it has generally five segments, but that the fifth is very often shortened and con- cealed under the fourth, and that, in some cases, it entirely dis- appears, and then the abdomen has only four segments. In the fourth place, the introduction of Pyrgota and of the related genera in the family, requires a modification in the, statement about the structure of the ovipositor, which is not flattened here; the chief ORTALID H—INTRODUCTION. — 29 stress in this statement should be laid upon the remainder of the structure, which is the same in all the genera. In the fifth place, the mention of the bristles on the first longitudinal vein should not be admitted in the definition of the family. The definition of the Ortalide can therefore be put in the fol- lowing manner: Front broad in both sexes; on both sides of the vertex a more or less developed swelling runs down the front, upon which, before the bristle of the vertex, one or two erect bristles are inserted, which, however, are wanting in some genera. Otherwise the front has only the ordinary pubescence, or is quite bare, but never provided with a second row of strong bristles along the orbit, even when the hairs on both sides of the vitta frontalis almost acquire, in some few genera, the character of bristles. Frontal fissure distinct; frontal lunule never pushed so far up as to appear to be a part of the front; even in those genera in which, on account of the great curvature of the frontal fissure, as in @dopa, the lunule happens to lie higher than the antenne, it always distinctly appears as a part of the face; in many genera it is not distinguishable from the face. The vibriss are always wanting. The eyes are bare. The clypeus is always distinct, of various size, usually well developed. Proboscis more or less stout. Palpi rather broad, often very broad, very seldom narrow. Metanotum larger than usual, strongly projecting pos- teriorly and inferiorly. Feet generally rather stout and short, in some genera, however, of a considerable, although not striking, length and slenderness. Middle tibiz distinctly spurred; front and hind tibie spurless ; no erect preapical bristle before the end of the upper side of the tibia. The abdomen of the male has four segments, however the first consists of two coalescent seg- ments, which is also the case in the females; the but little developed fifth sezment represents a small, more or Jess imbedded hypopygium; the tape-like or thread-like penis is of an extra- ordinary length, rolled up in a spiral. The female abdomen consists of five segments, the fifth of which is often very much abbreviated, sometimes wanting, so that the abdomen of the female then seems to consist of only four segments; the sixth, seventh, and eighth segments of the abdomen are converted into the three telescope-like, extensile joints of the ovipositor, ending in a simple, hairless point; in most cases the ovipositor is flat- tened, and then its first joint often differs but little in its nature 30 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, [PART III. and coloring from the preceding abdominal segments. The wings show the complete venation of the Diptera acalyptera ; ‘the auxiliary vein is entirely separated from the first longitudinal vein, although often very much approximated to it; it runs into the costa at a more or less acute angle, without becoming indis- tinct at its end; the two posterior, so-called small basal cells, are of a rather considerable size. RELATIONSHIP OF THE ORTALID&. The great variety of forms occurring among the Ortalide accounts. for the number of their near or distant connections among other families. A relationship of the first degree, which finds its most distinct expression in the similarity of the structure of the male hypopygium and of the female ovipositor, connects them with the 7rypetidz and the Pallopteride, as well as these two families with each other. AJ] three form a very close circle of relationship, the members of which have very similar habits. The Ortalide differ from the Trypetidz in the absence of a second, external row of frontal bristles, and in the course of the auxiliary vein, which, in the Trypetide, is obliterated at the end and turns rather abruptly, at a more or less right angle, to- wards the costa. | From the Pallopteridex, the Ortalide differ in the more con- siderable size of the two posterior basal cells. A relationship of the second degree connects the Ortalidz with the Sepsidx and Calobatide, as well as these families with each other. Both differ from the Ortalide distinctly in the structure of the male hypopygium and the want of a horny, three-jointed ovipositor, ending in a simple, hairless point. The Sepside dif- fer moreover in their rudimentary palpi from the Ortalide, as well as from the Calobatide. With those of the closely related families which, among their characters, have an erect preapical bristle before the tip of the tibiee, and, at the same time, do not have any vibrisse, that is, with the Sapromyzide and Sciomyzide, the Ortalide have only a very distant relationship. I would have left it unmentioned if the genus Rhopalomera, which I consider as belonging to the Sapromyzidex, had not been placed among the Ortalide. The presence of an erect bristle before the end of the tibie, the differ- ent structure of the hypopygium in the male, the absence of an _ — ORTALIDA.—INTRODUCTION. 81 ovipositor, similar to that of the Ortalide, sufficiently distinguish the Sapromyzidex and Sciomyzide. DIAGNOSTIC OR ARTIFICIAL DEFINITION OF THE ORTALIDZ. The statements about the relationship of the Ortalidx prove that the following characters are sufficient to distinguish this family from all the others, in other words, to constitute its arti- ficial definition. Male with a rolled-up, long penis; female with a three-jointed, horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point. Front without a second lateral row of bristles. No vibrisse. Complete venation of the Diptera acalyptera ; auxiliary vein distinct to its very tip, ending in the costa at an acute angle; the two posterior basal cells large. The middle tibie alone are provided with spurs; all the tibiz are without an erect bristle before the end of their upper side. IT. SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORTALIDA. THE last, but not the easiest, task which it remains for me to fulfil is the systematic distribution of the family Ortalide. In attempting it, I will principally confine myself to those genera and species which I possess in my own collection. Only in exceptional instances, and with especial caution, will I allow myself to transgress the limit of what I have, or have had, before me, as the statements concerning the other genera and species which have been published are seldom complete enough to afford the necessary data for the discrimination of their position in the system. In order to obtain a preliminary survey I first divide the Ortalidz in two large divisions; to the first belong those which have the first longitudinal vein beset with bristles or hairs; to the second, those the first longitudinal vein of which is bare. FIRST DIVISION. ORTALIDA WITH A BRISTLY OR HArry First LONGITUDINAL VEIN. Among the European Ortalidez of this division five diverging forms will easily be noticed: 1. Adapsilia; 2. Ortalis Meig., of course to the exclusion of O. syngenesize and vibrans; 3. Platystoma; 4. Cephalia; and 5. Scatophaga fasciata Fab. All the other European genera with a bristly first longitudinal vein can be grouped around these five types, with the exception perhaps of the somewhat recalcitrant genus Psairoptera. The same may be said of all the exotic Ortalide of this division which I know of. Thus, the Ortalide of the first division may be naturally divided into five groups. We will characterize these groups only after having made out the genera which belong to them, and we will proceed to the dis- covery of these genera by means of the principal characters which distinguish the above-mentioned five types. ( 32 ) ORTALIDM—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 33 Adapsilia shows a striking character, distinguishing it from ~ all the others, in the absence of ocelli and the not flattened ovi- positor. . Scatophaga fasciata with its broad and low head, the circular shape of its third antennal joint, and the considerable distance intervening between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of the first longitudinal, has a general appearance which differs from the four other types so much that for a long time the close re- lationship of this species with the others was, for this reason, misunderstood. Ortalis, Platystoma, and Cephalia differ in a very marked way in the mode of insertion of the bristles upon the pleure. Ortalis has a strong bristle immediately above the basis of the fore coxe ; this bristle is not extant in Cephalia and Platystoma. Cephalia has above the middle coxe, but below the longitudi- nal suture of the pleure, a strong bristle, which is also present in Ortalis, but entirely wanting in Platystoma. If, for the sake of brevity, I call the first prothoracic, the second mesothoracic bristle, the difference between these three genera will be as fol- lows: Ortalis has a prothoracie and a mesothoracic bristle ; Cephalia has the mesothoracic bristle only ; in Platystoma both are wanting. First Section: Pyrgotina. I borrow the name of this group from the genus Pyrgota Wied., to which Adapsilia is most closely related. Both genera agree in the absence of ocelli, in the projecting front, the prolonged second antennal joint, the retreating face, the comparatively but little developed clypeus, the prolongation of the first abdominal segment in both sexes, and the contraction of the following seg- ments in the female, as well as in the capsule-shaped structure of the first joint of the ovipositor, and in several other sub- ordinate characters. The principal difference between these genera consists in the structure of the antennal fovee, which, in Adapsilia, run down in a parallel direction as far as the edge of the mouth, and are separated by a straight ridge, while in Pyrgota they end at some distance from the edge of the mouth, and are more or less coalescent. The South-African genus, Hypotyphla, founded by me, agrees 3 34 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. with Pyrgota and Adapsilia in the want of ocelli, and resembles Adapsilia very much in the structure of the face; but it differs in the but inconsiderable elongation of the first abdominal segment, in the greater length of the other segments of the female abdomen, and especially in the long, elongated-conical, but not flattened ovipositor. Judging by the figure which Macquart gives of his Toxura maculipennis, I must suppose with a considerable degree of pro- bability, that it likewise belongs in this circle of relationship. J have no doubt that the interesting genus Toxotrypana Gerst., if placed in the family Ortalidex, would find its location in the section Pyrgotina, on account of its not flattened ovipositor, its hairy first longitudinal vein, and the small development of its clypeus. The presence of ocelli, the enormous length of the ovi- positor, and the elongation of the posterior angle of the anal cell into a very long lobe distinguish this genus from the other genera of the group in a most marked manner. I have already alluded to the fact that this genus shows some characters which would seem to justify its location not among the Ortalide at all, but among the Trypetide of the group Dacina. Mr. Macquart has established the genus Heterogaster for a South-African species. As the name he gave to this genus was preoccupied a long time ago, I replace it by the name of Spheno- prosopa. This genus is very like Adapsilca in the structure of the head; in the profile it projects considerably in front of the eyes: the middle of the face forms a high and straight ridge descending perpendicularly ; alongside of it the antennal fovee, which are further from the middle than usual, descend perpendi- cularly to the edge of the mouth. The cheeks are very broad. The oral opening is very small, the clvpeus but little developed, and the proboscis not incrassated. Sphenoprosopa differs from Adapsilia, Pyrgota, and Hypotyphla by the presence of distinct ocelli, the great elongation of the third antennal joint, which nearly reaches the edge of the mouth, the enormous development of the last segment of the abdomen of the male, very approxi- mated cross-veins, very parallel longitudinal veins, and a not acute posterior angle of the anal cell. The first and third longi- tudinal veins are distinctly bristly. I have no doubt that Sphenoprosopa belongs to the Pyrgotina, although, on the other hand, I must acknowledge that several of the above- ORTALIDZ—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 35 quoted characters seem to point towards a relationship with Platystoma. But I am prevented from laying much stress upon them by the small development of the clypeus and the not in- crassated proboscis, characters which are not usual in the circle of relationship of Platystoma. The typical species of the genus Dichromyia, proposed by Rob. Desvoidy, is Wiedemann’s Tetanops sanguiniceps from Brazil. Macquart afterwards described a second species, Dichro- myta caffra. I cannot approve of these two species being united in the same genus. The front of D. caffra is much shorter, and anteriorly it does not project as much in the profile as in D. san. guiniceps; moreover the ocelli are wanting here, while the other species has them, and the vertical diameter of their eyes is much longer than the horizontal, while in D. sanguiniceps the hori- zontal diameter exceeds the vertical; the scutellum is convex, and the tegule very large, while D. sanguiniceps has a flat scutellum and small tegule. Whether the longitudinal veins are beset with bristles in the same manner in both species or not, I cannot state positively; in D. caffra the first and third veins are very distinctly beset with hairs; in D. sanguiniceps, if I remember right, the first vein is beset with a hardly perceptible pubescence, but I cannot positively affirm that such is the case. But without insisting upon this difference, the others are sufficient to justify a generic separation. For this reason I have established for D. caffra Macq. a species generally found on an offensively smelling plant, the new genus Bromophila, As to the final decision about the place of the American genus Dichromyia, I must leave it in abeyance until I have an oppor- tunity to examine both sexes of D. sanguiniceps. The ovipositor of the species of Bromophila is much more re- tracted than in the other genera of the present group; and although not flattened, it is not at all incrassated ; unfortunately I have not been able to ascertain on any female specimen whether the ovipositor ends in a simple point, as it seems to me it does. Should this not be the case, the genus would not belong to the Ortalide at all. At present I cannot find a better place for it than in the neighborhood of Pyrgota. I know of no other genera belonging to the Pyrgotina. At present, therefore, the section is composed as follows :— 1. Pyreota Wied.; 2. ADApsILiA Waga.; 3. Toxura Macq. ; . 36 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 111. 4, HyporypHua Lw.; 5. ToxoTrypana Gerst.; 6. SPHENOPRO- sopa, Lw.; 7. Bromopuina, Lw.; and 8. Dicnromyia, R. Desv. The final decision about the location of Toxotrypana, Bromo- phila, and Dichromyia is, of course, reserved. The characters common to these eight genera are: oral open- ing small; proboscis not incrassated ; clypeus but little developed ; no bristle upon the broad cheeks, and no bristle immediately over the fore cox ; the first longitudinal vein hairy; the costal vein soon attenuates beyond the end of the third longitudinal vein. The ovipositor is not flattened. Second Section: Platystomina. The name of this section is derived from Platystoma Meig., the oldest and best known genus in it. PLATYSTOMA is represented in Europe by a number of closely allied species which must be considered as typical. We may entertain different views on the extent of the genus Platystoma, still we would not be justified in introducing in it, as has often been done, species which, in the majority of the most important characters, differ from the European Platystome. In fact, most of the exotic species, described by different authors as belonging to Platystoma, do not belong to it at all. The Dictya decora Fabr., identical with Tephritis violacea Gray, and placed by Wiedemann among the Platystome, has the posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out into a long lobe; this character at once distinguishes this species, not only from Platy- stoma proper, but from all the genera closely related to it. Mac- quart was right in establishing the new genus Loxoneura for it. Walker afterwards called it Zona. Judging from the figure of the head of Loxoneura decora, in profile, given by Macquart in the Diptéres Exotiques, this genus must belong to the Platystomina ; the absence of the pro- and mesothoracic bristles, and the only four-jointed abdomen of the female confirm the correctness of this location ; the fore femora are spinous, Whether the South-American Platystoma stictica Fab. really belongs to Platystoma is very doubtful. Only a few of the species, placed by Macquart in the genus Platystoma really belong there, for instance, none of his Ameri- can species. Platystoma fascipennis and ocellata are Ortalide, but belong to the Pterocallina, not to the Platystomina. Platy- ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 37 stoma lunulata belongs, unless the figure of the head is entirely incorrect, to the Zrypetide and not to the Orialide. The same may be said of Platystoma latipennis, of which Macquart does not give the habitat, but which is American. In the same way as those species of Macquart, Walker’s Platystoma australis, from Australia, does not belong to this genus. It seems even that not one of the Australian Platystome hitherto described is a real Platystoma, and that this genus is confined to the three old continents. Should we even confine, as we must necessarily do, the genus Platystoma to those species only which agree with the Huropean Species in the formation of the head, in the venation, and in the peculiar picture of the wings, we will find species in it which show some, and not unimportant, plastic differences. To the European species, the arista of which has only a short pubescence, may be opposed African species, some of which have the arista perfectly bare, and the scutellum very much swollen, with only four bristles upon it (for instance, Platysioma asphaltina Wied.); others, on the contrary, with a feathery arista. The latter are again divided in species, in which, as in the European species, the scutellum has six bristles, and the femora are unarmed (for instance, Platystoma nigronotata Lw.); and in such the scutel- lum of which has four bristles, and the front femora of which, on the under side, towards the tip, are armed with a few little spines. The latter, and among them P. pectoralis Lw., differ moreover from the former in the usually more metallic coloring of the conspicuously broad abdomen, the upper half segments of which have a much harder consistency than in the other species; and besides, in such species, the two parts of the first abdominal segment, which represent the first two abdominal segments of other diptera, are not completely coalescent. It results from the foregoing that Platystoma may easily be subdivided in four smaller genera, which can be distinguished by the following characters :— | 1. Arista bare; femora unarmed; scutellum swollen, with four bristles ; type: P. asphaltina Wied. 2. Arista with a very short pubescence; femora unarmed ; scutellum moderately convex, with six bristles; type: P. umbra- rum Lw. 38 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. 3. Arista feathery; femora unarmed; scutellum moderately convex, with six bristles; type; P. nigronotata Lw. 4. Arista feathery; front femora spinous ; scutellum but little convex, with four bristles; type: P. pectoralis Lw. As in the remaining parts of the organization there is a great deal of agreement among all the Platystome, and as at the same time the number of the described species is not large enough to require a further subdivision of the genus, we may leave it undi- vided for the present. Walker’s genus VaLonta is closely allied | to Platystoma. Unfortunately, I possess only a single male of Valonia complicata Walk., which, moreover, is not very well preserved. The structure of the head, the thorax, and the feet, as well as the venation, do not show anything which would justify a generic separation from Platystoma. The facts that the second longitudinal vein is a little shorter, and more curved for- ward, and that the small crossvein is a little nearer the end of the discal cell, are evidently not sufficient for such a course. The very much swollen and apparently only too bristly scutellum, as well as the moderate breadth and smooth surface of the upper abdominal segments, would furnish a better ground for a separa- tion from Platystoma. At all events, thus much is evident, that Valonia does not show any distinctive characters more important than those of the four genera would be in which, as I have shown above, Platystoma might be subdivided. Platystoma cincta, from Port Jackson, described by Guérin (Voyage de la Coquille), may be considered as the type of a separate genus, allied to Platystoma. Several Australian and African species are closely connected with it. If I remember right, such species are designated in the Berlin Museum by the new generic name of Pachycephala. But as a genus Pachyce- phalus exists already, I propose the name Scnouasres. Such species differ from Platystoma in the head being larger, the front much broader, the portion of the face between the foveze much more excavated, and the much narrower clypeus not protruding ; the occiput likewise is much less swollen, so that the head is much more closely applied to the thorax, and appears entirely sessile in the profile; the thorax is much broader and flatter ; the scutellum likewise, much larger and flatter, but with six bristles ; the tegule are as much developed asin Platystoma. The structure of the abdomen and of the feet, as well as the venation, ‘ a oe ORTALIDM—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 39 do not show any important difference from Platystoma;. still it is worthy of notice that the under side of the front femora is beset with a row of little black bristles, which in the larger species assume the shape of slender spines, The coloring of the body is generally ochre, or ferruginous-yellow, usually with black longitudinal stripes on the thorax ; the picture of the wings con- sists of numerous black spots, which often coalesce into cross- bands. In Scholastes cinctus Guér., and the species from Australia allied to it, the first half of the arista is feathery, the second bare, and on the thoracic dorsum there are two rather distant rows of short, but strong bristles. The African Scho- lastes, as the type of which I consider S. nepticula Lw., from Guinea, have the whole arista bare and no trace of rows of bristles on the thorax. These characters may afford a ground for dividing Scholastes in two genera, in which case the present generic name would have to remain with the genus containing S. cinctus Guér. Another genus, closely related to Platystoma, containing, as it seems, exclusively Australian species, is the genus LAMPROGAS- TER Macq., with which Chromatomyia Walk. is synonymous. The structure of the thorax, of the abdomen, and of the feet, as well as the venation, are very much in agreement with Platy- stoma. The tegule are large, larger than those of most Platy- stome. The structure and the arrangement of the bristles of the front are likewise similar to those of Platystoma; only the third antennal joint is much longer; not only are the antennal foveee also longer, but deeper and more sharply defined, on their inside especially; the clypeus is of the same breadth as in Pla- tystoma, but not projecting; the palpi usually towards their end are not as broad as in Platystoma, and the occiput is less swollen ; the scutellum is strikingly swollen and provided with six bristles. The abdomen of all the species is of a brilliant metallic color, which the secutellum and the middle of the thorax often share with it; on the latter, however, the metallic color is generally con- cealed by the presence of pollinose longitudinal stripes, and of an appressed pubescence of a light color. Otherwise, the color- ing of the thorax generally is brown or chestnut-red, which color, in many specimens, also extends over the scutellum; the color- ing of the wings consists of a few black spots. All the known species of Lamprogaster have unarmed femora and a bare arista ; 40 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. in general, their plastic characters are so much alike that I can- not point out any peculiarity, among the species I know of, which might give rise to a generic subdivision. Next to Lamprogasier stands a genus of which Senopterina decora Macq., from Tasmania, may be considered as the type; I eall it Hucuatcota. The front is of about the same breadth as in Lamprogaster, but is flatter and altogether furrowed-scrobi- culate. The third antennal joint is still longer here ; the sharply defined, deep antennal fovee are once and a half the length of those of Lamprogaster, and reach almost altogether as far down as the front part of the lateral edge of the mouth; the arista is beset with a short pubescence near its basis, otherwise bare ; the clypeus is perceptibly narrower; the occiput is less swollen, so that the head is more closely applied to the thorax. The latter is strongly built, but not as broad in the region of the wings, and hence, of a more equal breadth; scutellum convex, but not swollen, provided with six bristles. The venation is similar to that of the preceding genera, but differs in the fourth vein being gently curved forward before its end, and in the third vein being gently bent backward, so that the first posterior cell « is distinctly attenuated towards its end. The coloring of thorax and abdomen is altogether metallic. In thus defining the char- acters of the genus, I have taken in consideration some species from Australia, which can very well be placed in the same genus with the above named typical species ; nevertheless, they show the following differences: the wings are comparatively longer and without any picture, while in Huchalcota decora, the cross- veins have dark borders alongside of them; there are no other bristles in front of the row of bristles along the posterior part of the thoracic dorsum, while in £. decora, there are some few shorter and thinner bristles immediately in front of that posterior row. There is no necessity for a generic separation yet. I can- not identify any of my species from Australia in a satisfactory manner; it may be that Chromatomyia laeta Walk. belongs here. It would be difficult to explain why Macquart places Hu- chalcota decora in his genus Senoplerina. The structure of the face and the shape of the thorax are entirely different. The comparatively narrow abdomen of the male (I have not seen the other sex) is almost the only point of resemblance. ORTALIDZ—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 4] The genus Duomyta, of Walker, is probably closely allied to the above named two genera. Its definition is too insufficient to enable us to form a trustworthy opinion. The irregularly formed name cannot possibly be preserved. | Two species closely related to each other, belonging to the section Platystomina, Macquart (in the Dipt. Hxotiques) has de- scribed as Tephritis caerulea, and strigipennis. With several other Australian species, very similar to them, they can be united in a genus which may be called CELETor. The very striking characters of this genus are the following: The structure of the body is Trypeta-like, with the exception, however, of the head. Front of an equal breadth, very steep and long, so that the an- tenne. are situated much deeper than in any other genus of the present group; the front is evenly and rather densely pilose ; the bristles of the vertex and the lateral bristles, closely approxi- mated to them are rather stout; the ocelli are near the edge of the vertex and closely approximated to each other; the two bristles, which otherwise are near them, are wanting here. An- tenne short, hardly reaching beyond the middle of the face; their third joint of equal breadth, with an acute anterior angle; antennal arista slender, bare. Middle portion of the face con- cave; clypeus rather broad, projecting; proboscis stout; palpi rather broad towards their end. Eyes very high and narrow; cheeks broad; the lower part of the occiput strongly turgid. Thorax strongly developed, rather of an equal breadth; scutel- lum turgid, overhanging the perpendicular metathorax, with six bristles. Abdomen with four segments in both sexes, as in the preceding genera; the last segment of the female abdomen generally of a softer consistency. ‘The first joint of the oviposi- tor flattened, always entirely protruding, suddenly attenuated near the basis, more gradually towards the tip, thus having an almost oval outline. Wings rather large, broad towards the basis; the auxiliary vein lies very near the first longitudinal, its end, however, diverges from it at an obtuse angle towards the costa, and preserves its distinctness aud stoutness to the very tip. Otherwise, the venation is not unlike that of Platystoma, Lamprogaster, ete., only the small crossvein is beyond the last third of the discal cell, a position somewhat reminding of Valonia Walk. The coloring of the body is blackish-blue, seldom verging on greenish ; the front red or reddish-brown ; the lateral borders 42 , DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. with white pollen; wings hyaline; all the four species known to me have crossbands, connected near the anterior margin, thus forming an inverted q, and with a third black band, bordering the apex; moreover, near the basis of the wing there is a large spot in the shape of a band, or numerous black spots which form a kind of network, not unlike that of some species of Petalophora. This difference in the picture of the wings is accompanied by some plastic differences which, if the number of species were larger, could serve for a subdivision in two genera. Those species which have the large spot in the shape of a crossband near the basis of the wings have at the same time the lateral , parts of the face very broad, while they are very narrow in the species which have the picture in the shape of a network; the former have the posterior angle of the anal cell smaller, the latter larger than a right angle, so that in the former, the angle is a large acute one, in the latter, a small obtuse one. One of the species from Australia in my collection, belonging to the second — group, is distinguished by the very abnormal structure of the hind tibise of the male. Among the species already published, besides the two described by Macquart, and mentioned above as typical, Ortalis trifasciata Doleschall, from Amboina, may like- wise, perhaps, belong to the genus Celeior. . Macquart, in the Diptéres Hxotiques, describes as Hniconeura violacea a species distinguished by some peculiar characters, which undoubtedly is to be considered as the type of a distinct genus of Platystomina. The name Hniconeura, or more cor- rectly Heniconeura, cannot be retained, as it has been already used by Macquart himself for a genus of Bombylide. The genus may be called Curropoca. According to that author it inhabits the Hast Indies; but this statement may perhaps be erroneous, as I have seen a fly said to be from Guinea, and in which I think I recognize Macquart’s species; there is a slight difference in the picture of the wing, as represented on Macquart’s figure, but the agreement of the description is perfect, and seems fully to justify my supposition. By all means the species is a Clitodoca. The characters of Clitodoca may be put down as follows: head large, almost square, with a very short longitudinal diameter ; antenne narrow, descending to the middle of the face; arista with a distinct pubescence; face concave, its lateral portions very narrow ; oral opening very large, broader than long; clypeus not os ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. : 43 disciform, but representing a swelling of the gula, and hence, re- minding of a similar structure in Loxoneura, in which it fills the greater part of the oral opening. Proboscis but little swollen ; palpi of a moderate breadth. Thorax very stout. Abdomen comparatively very short and narrow, consisting of four seg- ments. Feet long; wings very large; the end of the auxiliary vein almost obliterate ; the second longitudinal vein very strongly bisinuate; the third and fourth strongly convergent towards their end; the posterior crossvein very oblique; all the basal cells very long; the anal cell has an acute posterior angle. Among the species whick Wiedemann places in the genus Ortalis, there are three closely allied ones, which do neither be- long in the genus Oréalis, nor in the group Ortalina. They have to form a separate genus inthe group Platystomina, which I will call EnaistoneurA. They are: Ortalis moerens Fab., parallela Wied., and lugens Fab.; Trypeta albovaria Walk., - may be added as a fourth species, unless it is synonymous with O. moerens Fab., which may possibly be the case. The follow- ing characters distinguish the genus Hngistoneura. They are large flies of yellowish coloring, with a very much developed thorax, especially broad between the roots of the wings; its con- vexity, however, is very small; the abdomen is comparatively small, of a metallic violet color. The structure of the head some- what reminds of Dacus. The antenne reach the middle or a little below the middle of the face; the long arista is distinctly feathery. The fovee, which reach a little below the middle of the face, are very sharply defined. Clypeus distinct; pro- boscis of moderate stoutness, with a but little developed men- tum; palpi rather broad. Scutellum large, but little convex, overhanging the metathorax more than in most of the other genera of the Platystomina; it has six bristles. Abdomen rather cylindrical. Feet of moderate length and not very strong ; the front femora on the under side, in the vicinity of the tip, with a few bristle-like spines. Wings large, rather narrow towards the basis, broad towards the apex; auxiliary veins of moderate length, turning abruptly towards the costal margin, and becom- ing almost obliterate; the first longitudinal vein approaches closely to the margin beyond the end of the auxiliary vein, and runs alongside of it as far almost as the end of the second longi- tudinal vein; the third longitudinal vein is strongly bent back-. * 44 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PARY III. ‘ward, the fourth vein slightly forward, so that the first posterior. cell, very broad in the middle, is rather narrow at the end; the small crossvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell; the two posterior basal cells are of a rather considerable and equal length; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded. The extensive picture of the wings forms, in the vicinity of the apex, more or less regular crossbands. The genus AMPHICNEPHES, which I have established for a North American species, will be characterized in the sequel. It is somewhat like Platystoma, but distinguished by the not swollen occiput, the flat scutellum, provided with only four bristles, the broad wings and the striking divergency of the longitudinal veins. A pretty Ortalida from Cuba, which cannot conveniently be placed in any of the existing genera, gave occasion for the establishment of the genus HimeroEssa, which I will character- ize below among the other North American genera. It is dis- tinguished by the narrowness of the marginal and submarginal cells; moreover, the posterior crossvein is prolonged inside of the first posterior cell. Ortalis syngenesiz Linn. is the type of a very well justified eonus; Gusting in Hurope, Africa, Asin, and America, which Rob. Desvoidy called Riventra. Although the name is not particularly well chosen, the objections against it are not serious enough for its rejection. Besides the species described by Rob. Desvoidy, the following belong to the genus Rivellia: Trypeta basilaris Wied., Dacus succinctus Wied., Ceroxys quadrifa- scitata Macq., Ortalis Ortoeda Walk., Tephritis melliginis Fitch., and several others. Most of them agree quite well with the spe- cies placed in the genus Rivellia by Rob. Desvoidy ; others, how- ever, Show a very gradual transition towards allied forms, which cannot very well be united in the same genus with the typical Rivelliz. Thus Macquart has established for one of them the genus Hpidesma. The transitions, however, are so gradual, that it is not very easy to decide upon the best boundary for the genus Rivellia. R. viridulans R. Desv., and all the North American species which I know of, agree in their generic char- acters with Rivellia syngenesiz completely; the same is the case with R&. basilaris Wied., and with several Rivelliz, from the southeastern region of Asia, which I possess in my collection ; ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 45 the only difference shown by the latter species is a somewhat ‘ smaller length of the third antennal joint. Next to these are some South African Rivelliz, for instance, Rivellia atra Lw., which have the third antennal joint a little shorter still; all these . species, however, cannot be separated from Rivellia, as the dimi- nution of the third antennal joint is a very gradual one, not affording any distinct limit for a separation. Macquart’s Eprpesma fascipennis, from the Cape, is likewise but very little different from the typical Rivelliz. The occiput is somewhat more convex; the third antennal joint has a some- what sharper anterior angle, the thorax is comparatively a little smaller, and the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein shows but very little of the sinuosity, so characteristic of the true Rivelliz, and which renders the anterior part of the discal cell more narrow; at the end of the convex scutellum there are two strong bristles; whether the second pair of bristles, which exists in the other Rivellix, is wanting here, or whether they were accidentally broken off in the specimen I had before me, I am unable to decide; I rather incline to favor the former suppo- sition. If I am right, Hpidesma would deserve to be retained as a separate’ genus; in the opposite case, it would be better to place Lpidesma fascipennis in the genus Rivellia, because then the whole difference between them would merely consist in com- parative characters. Among the species from the southeast of Asia, there are several which are closely allied to Rivellia, but differ from the typical species in the greater length and lesser breadth of the marginal cell, a more straight third longitudinal vein, and a hardly perceptible sinuosity of the first section of the fourth vein ; moreover, the thorax is less strongly developed, so that their stature shows some, although only a distant, resemblance to the species of Stenopterina. They are easily distinguished by the picture of their wings, which is very different from that of the Rivelliz ; it consists in a conspicuous black border along the costal margin and the apex, not unlike that of Diacrita and Molanoloma, while the Rivelliz, besides the apex, which is mar- gined with black, also have black crossbands. I propose for this genus the name of ScoTINOSOMA. Species having the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight, must, most decidedly, be eliminated from Rivellia. 46 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Such is a group of closely related African species, which I unite in the genus ARDELIO. The lateral portions of their face are distinctly broader than in Rivellia, the eyes not so high, and the cheeks, for this reason, broader; the clypeus is narrower and the thorax more strongly developed; the convex scutellum has four bristles, like Rivellia. They almost show more affinity to Platy- stoma than to Rivellia; all the species known to me are black, with longitudinal lines of white dust on the thorax, and their wings have black crossbands, between which, along the costal margin, there are black spots or streaks. The single species show, in the length of the third antennal joint, still more con- siderable variations than the species of Rivellia, and it almost seems that, in this respect, they might be divided in two sections, one of which would be represented, as a type, by Ardelio longt- pennis Lw., the other by A. brevicornis Lw. The genus Epicausta, established by me for two African spe- cies, is less allied to Rivellia than to Stenopterina, which will be discussed below. These species are like Stenopterina in their stature, but are not so slender; the head is. not unlike that of the species of Dacus proper; the antenne are not quite as long as in Stenopterina; the fore coxz are much shorter, and not so movable; the thorax, seen from the side, is not attenuated in front, as is the case with Stenopterina; the scutellum has four bristles, as in the latter genus; the wings are conspicuously shorter, and the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is much more bent forward. The small crossvein is not oblique, as in all Stenopterine, but perpendicular. The picture of the wings, in both of the species known to me, consists only in a large black spot at the tip. STENOPTERINA, a genus proposed by Macquart in the Suztes a Buffon, is well founded, as long as it is confined to the species of the immediate relationship of Dacus brevicornis Fab. and zneus Wied. Unfortunately the same author, in the Diptéres Exotiques, has entirely left out of sight the characters of this genus, established by himself, and has introduced in it a number of heterogeneous forms, and, at the same time, placed in the genus Herina species which either belong to Stenopterina or are more closely related to it than to any other genus. His Stenopterina femorata and immaculata, both from Bourbon, seem to belong rather to Hpicausta than to Stenopterina ; ORTALIDZ—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 47 Stenopterina decora Macq. is, as has been observed above, the typical species of the genus Huchalcota; S. gigas, scutellaris, and nigripes of Macquart, all three from Tasmania, are certainly no Stenopterine. There would be more ground to place in that genus the Ortalis violacea of Macquart, which is probably cor- rectly identified in the Berlin Museum with Dacus macularis Fab. Herina mexicana Macq. also belongs to Stenopterina, and H. calcarata Macq., although perhaps not a true Stenopterina, is closely related to that genus. The three species described by Walker (List of Dipt. Ins.), bicolor, of unknown origin, tr?- vittata, from the Philippine Islands, and basalis, from Australia, do not seem to have anything in common with true Stenopterine. A true Stenopterina is S. submetallica Lw., from Mozambique ; and Herina chalybea Doleschall, belongs probably to the same genus. As I will have to characterize Stenopterina in detail among the North American genera of Ortalidez, it will suffice here to indicate the principal characters. Head resembling that of Dacus in structure; occiput convex, but not swollen. Front of a considerable and even breadth. Antenne long and narrow, generally descending a little beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards; clypeus broad ; pro- boscis stout. Thorax narrow; the pectus ascending obliquely in front, so that the thorax, seen from the side, is rather con- spicuously attenuated anteriorly. Fore coxe remarkably long, inserted unusually near the neck and very movable in this inser- tion. Scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen narrow; wings long and narrow; little crossvein oblique, placed beyond the middle of the long discal cell; the third and fourth longitudinal veins, in the majority of the species, are somewhat bent towards each other, so that the first posterior cell becomes narrower towards its end. In all the species I know of, the stigma, as well as a border between it and the apex, and the first basal cell, up to the small crossvein, are tinged with brown; in most spe- cies the posterior crossvein has likewise a dark border. The next genus to be mentioned here is the genus MiscHo- GASTER Macq., founded upon Cephalia femoralis Wied. Mischo- gaster pernix and diffusus Gerst., belong to it. It differs from Cephalia in the absence of a mesothoracic bristle, and in the face, which does not project inferiorly ; from the following genus it is 48 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. distinguished by the first abdominal segment being beset with bristles. This character, as well as the somewhat advanced posi- tion of the anterior ocellus, remind of the Richardina. The face is rather short and somewhat excavated. The last genus which I place among the Platystomina forms the transition from this group to the Cephalina, and shows a good deal of approximation to the genus Cephalia. As the typical spe- cies of this genus I consider Cephalia myrmecoides Loew. Be- sides the want of a mesothoracic bristle, this genus differs from the true Cephalie in the fact that the first abdominal segment is so coarctate in its middle that its anterior part forms a knot- shaped swelling; moreover, the shape of the body is still more slender; the wings still narrower and still more cuneiform towards the basis, so that the anal angle and the alula disappear entirely, whereas in Cephalia, there is at least a rudiment of them. The statements which Rob Desvoidy makes about his genus Myrmecomyia render it probable that the above-mentioned species belongs to this genus. Certainty in this case is not pos- sible, without the comparison of the species upon which Rob. Desvoidy established the genus, Not wishing to run the risk of introducing a useless generic name, I prefer to use the name of Myrmecomyia for my species. The pleonastic name which the species thus obtains, Myrmecomyia myrmecoides, is not good, but may be tolerated in view of the fact that nothing is more like an ant than this dipteron. A review of the genera which I placed among the Platysio- mina shows that, besides the bristles upon the first longitudinal vein, and the absence of prothoracie and mesothoracic bristles, which define this group, these genera have the following charac- ters in common: The oral opening is very large; the clypeus generally very much developed, and the proboscis proportionally stout ; the third antennal joint is elongate ; the thoracic dorsum bristly upon its hind part only; the female abdomen has four segments, as the fifth is either altogether wanting, or only rudi- mentary and then completely hidden under the fourth segment. Third Section: Cephalina. I call this group after the genus which was first made known in it. It differs from the Platystomina in the presence of a ORTALIDH—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 49 metathoracic bristle, from the Ortalina, in the absence of the prothoracic one. With the former it moreover agrees in the larger size of the oral opening, the greater development of the clypeus and the stouter proboscis; with the latter it has the more or less distinct development of the fifth segment of the female abdomen in common. While some of the genera show a very close affinity to the Platystomina in general appearance, others stand as near to the Ortalina, so that the Cephalina seem to form a transition from the first to the second of those sections. The genus CEPHALIA, introduced by Meigen, shows some affinity to those genera of Platystomina, the species of which are distinguished by their slender shape, especially to the genera Mischogaster and Myrmecomyia. It necessarily must be con- fined to those species which, like the typical Cephalia rufipes Meig., have a mesothoracic bristle. The species added later to it, although in their general shape and their coloring they more or less resemble the true Cephaliz, do not show the necessary agreement with them in those characters which are the most trustworthy in the establishment of the genera of Ortalidez. They belong in the group Platystomina and principally in the genus Mischogaster, in part also in the genus Myrmecomyia. The genus Cephalia, in this narrower sense, does not contain as yet any American species. As, for this reason, I will have no occa- sion to refer to it again, I will characterize it here :— Body slender, abdomen narrow at the basis, its first segment without any knot-shaped swelling ; feet rather long and slender. Hairs on the body extremely short; thorax with a few small bristles on the lateral and the posterior portions only; the bristles before the scutellum and its own lateral bristles are very short. Antenne long and slender; their second joint short. Face shield-like, convex, without antennal fovee. Palpi very broad; proboscis rather stout and mentum some- what swollen. Wings attenuated towards the basis in the shape of a wedge, with a very narrow alula; the second longitudinal vein hardly sinuose at all; the third and fourth longitudinal veins normal in their course; the anterior basal cell of equal breadth; the first longitudinal vein bristly towards its end only; the crossveins rather distant from each other; the picture of the wings usually 3 2 50 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III, consists of an infuscation of the stigma and of a black spot on the apex. Cephalia is immediately connected with a genus embracing Trypeta fleca Wied. and the genera related to the latter. As this genus does not coincide with any one of the hitherto adopted genera, it must receive a new name. [J call it Trrroxa, the name alluding to the peculiar picture of the wings. The Tritoxe differ from the Cephaliz in the presence of a strong bristle before the end of the fore tibie, on their upper side, and in the presence of a weak indication of antennal fovee, especially, however, in the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins have an irregular course, in consequence of which the anterior basal cell is expanded before its end; moreover also in the first longitudinal vein being, to a great extent, covered with bristles and in the approximation of both crossveins to each other. The wings have a dark coloring and the picture consists of three oblique, more or less arcuated, hyaline crossbands. The other characters the genus Tritoxa shares with the genus Cephalia. After Zritoxa CAMPTONEURA naturally follows. The typical species is the well-known North American species, described by Fabricius as Musca picta, and afterwards erroneously placed by Wiedemann in the genus Trypeta. Rob. Desvoidy was the first to found a new genus for it, which he called Delphinia ; Macquart established. later for the same species the genus Camptoneura, which thus coincides with Delphinia. As the name Delphinia cannot be retained for reasons of priority, Macquart’s name must be adopted. Camptoneura differs from Zritoxa in a striking manner in the structure of the wings; they are broad, and show, on the costal margin, near the end of the auxiliary vein, a shallow, but very striking excision; the third longitudinal vein is very remarkably sinuate, and the anal cell rounded at the end. The picture of the wings has a distant resemblance to that of the species of Aciura. _ The other genera of Cephalina which I know of contain species of a less slender stature than the three genera which I have just examined. Among them the genus Prard, founded by me for an African species, is remarkable for its close relationship to the Platysto- mina. It may be characterized as follows:— ORTALIDH—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. Bik Body rather robust, the bristles upon the vertex, upon the _ posterior part of the thorax and upon the scutellum long. Antenne of medium length; the anterior corner of the third ‘joint acute; arista feathery. Face excavated above, and with a projecting bump below. . Oral opening broader than long; proboscis very stout. Wings rather broad; longitudinal yeins diverging; the first, third, and fifth beset with bristles; posterior angle of the anal cell not acute; the picture of the wings is not unlike that pre- vailing in the genus Aciura. Rather closely related to Piara is the genus TRAPHERA, which I propose to establish with Ortalis chalybea Wied. for its type. It also stands very near the Platystomina and may easily be con- sidered as one of them, as the mesothoracie bristle is but very little conspicuous and the fifth segment of the female abdomen is also very much abbreviated. The principal differences between Traphera and Piara lie in the structure of the head and of the wings. The head of Traphera is not unlike that of Platystoma, but the lower part of the occiput is but very little turgid; the vertical diameter of the eyes is very long, the horizontal, on the contrary, very short; the first two antennal joints are short; the third pointed oval; the arista feathery; the face is descending obliquely, excavated under the antenne, convex below; the clypeus is very much developed, its vertical diameter rather large, the horizontal one small; proboscis very much incrassated. Thorax stout and convex; its dorsum is provided with bristles only on the sides and posteriorly. Scutellum generally with eight bristles. Wings comparatively short and broad, with bristly hairs on their anterior margin; the whole of the first longitudinal vein is strongly bristly and shows, in the vicinity of the somewhat obliterate end of the auxiliary vein, a peculiar break; the basal half of the third longitudinal vein is beset with bristles; the posterior crossvein is oblique, so that the posterior angle of the discal cell is very acute; the anal cell is rounded at the end and its posterior angle withdrawn in a peculiar manner, The wings are of a dark color, marked with pale bands starting from the posterior margin and abbreviated in front. While both of these genera are very near the Platystomina, the two which we have yet to mention approach the Orialina. They are: Dzracrivta, introduced by Gerstecker, and a genus to be 52 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. adopted for Ortalis marginata Say, for which I propose the name of IDANA. Diacrita is easily distinguished from Jdana by the shape of the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a very long lobe, and by the picture of the wings, which consists only in a very broad dark border, extending to the very apex of the wing. ‘The more extended picture on the wings of Jdana is not unlike that of Pteropeecila and the posterior end of its anal cell forms only ashort angle. As both genera contain North American species, I will have occasion to refer to them again more in detail. Fourth Section: Ortalina. The Ortalina have a prothoracic, as well as a mesothoracic bristle, while among the Cephalina, the former, among the Pla- tystomina, both are wanting. The Ortalina are also distinguished from the two above-named groups by a smaller oral opening, a less developed clypeus, a less stout proboscis, a less turgid mentum and smaller palpi. In several genera, moreover, the thoracic dorsum is beset with bristles as far as its anterior portion. The abdomen of the female has five segments, which brings this group nearer to the Cephalina than to the Platysto- mina. The geographical distribution of the Ortalina is, as far as known, confined exclusively to America and to Europe, with those parts of Asia which belong to the faunal province of the latter. Very striking is the great agreement between the European and North American forms of this group. As the knowledge of the latter is still very fragmentary, the generic distribution of the probably numerous species which may be discovered yet would offer great difficulties, or lead into error, unless based upon the knowledge of the Huropean genera. I will give here, for this reason, a review of all the European genera adopted at present. Besides these, however, to the Ortalina must be reckoned the genus APospaAsmIcA, which I propose to establish for the South American Ortalis fasciata Wied. and the genus AutomoLa, which I have adopted above for Ortalis trifasciata Wied. and atomaria Wied. The European genera of Ortalina are the following :— ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 53 1. Dorycera Meig. Charact.—Eyes round; cheeks very broad ; face very much projecting ir profile; inferiorly it is very strongly retreating, carinate. The hairs on the body have the ordinary length, or a little over the ordinary ; thoracic dorsum bristly on its hind portion only. Antenne projecting, either of ordinary breadth and medium length, with the third joint oval; or narrow and elongate, with an elongate third joint. The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only. This genus contains gray species, their faces with dark spots, and with well-marked black stripes upon the thorax; the wings are either without any picture, or it consists of blackish-gray longitudinal lines, which are more confluent towards the apex, and even, in the male of one species, form a large, black spot. The genus may be divided into two sections, which it will be necessary, when the number of species grows larger, to separate as genera. | Sect. 1. (Dorycera, sensu strict.) Antenne narrow and very much prolonged; the pilosity of the body is of an ordinary length. Typical species: graminum Fab. Sect. 2. (Percnomatia Lw.) Antenne of ordinary breadth and of medium length; pilosity of the body si than usual. Typical species: tnornata Lw. 2. TetTANorPS Fall. Charact.—Kyes rounded-ovate; cheeks broad. Face in the profile very much projecting, more or less retreating inferiorly. The hairs upon the whole body extremely short; the middle of the thoracic dorsum bristly on its hind part only; the prothoracic bristles are smaller than in all the other genera of Ortalina. Antenne short, often strikingly short; their third joint oval; somewhat longer than the second. The first longitudinal vein is bristly at its end only. This genus contains remarkably glabrous species; there are no thoracie stripes; the first segment of the ovipositor is compara- tively large; there is no picture on the wings at all, or it consists only in narrow borders along the crossveins, or in more or less faded spots at the end of the longitudinal veins, thus resembling the picture of Ceroxys. Typical species: myopina Fall. 54 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. 3. CormocaRIs Lw. Charact.—Eyes round; cheeks very broad; face in the profile strongly projecting, very much retreating inferiorly, not carinate. Hairs on the body comparatively long; thoracic dorsum hairy and bristly as far as its anterior portion. ¢ Antenne short; the BORE oval third joint hardly as lee as the second. First longitudinal vein bristly at its end only. Gray species, the abdomen and thorax of which are without any picture, and the wings dusky and somewhat spotted along the an- terior margin. Typical species: bucephala Meig. 4. Prrropacita Lw. Charact.—Eyes small, rounded oval; cheeks broad ; front very much pro- jecting. Hairs on the body of the usual length; the middle of the thorax bristly on its hind portion only. The rounded third joint of the antenne short; the second like- wise Short. The first longitudinal vein is hairy upon its whole length. The coloring of the body is gray; the picture of the wings is not unlike that of Idana marginata Say. Typical species: lamed Schrk. 5. Prrtonota Lw. Charact.—Kyes elongated oval; front but little projecting. Thorax bristly upon its middle, as far as its anterior portion. The third antennal joint rounded oval; the second shorter. The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only. Cinereous-gray species, the thorax of which is marked with four somewhat darker longitudinal lines; the picture of the wings consists of large blackish spots; in several species these spots are so much confluent that the picture of the wings can almost be called guttate. Typical species: centralis Fab. 6. OrtTAtis Fall. Charact.—Eyes rather large, elongate oval; front only moderately pro- jecting. ORTALIDE—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 55 Hairs on the body of the usual length; the middle of the thoracic dorsum bristly on its hind portion only. The rounded third antennal joiut short, the second of the same length with it. Both crossveins not more approximate than usual; the first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only. The genus Ortalis contains species above the average size, some of them rather large; the abdomen is banded with gray ; the thorax strongly’ pollinose, in most species with conspicuous black, in some, with gray longitudinal stripes, in a few, without any stripes The wings are more or less,spotted. Typical species: rujiceps Fab. 7. Systata Lw. Charact.—Eyes rather large, elongate oval; front only little projecting. The hairs on the body as usual; the middle of the thoracic dorsum with bristles upon its hind portion only. The rounded third antennal joint is short; the second of equal length with it. The two crossveins are very closely approximated ; the first longi- tudinal vein bristly at its end only. The species of this genus differ from those of Ortalis in the very close proximity of the crossveins, but agree with them in the remainder of the organization. The picture of the wings con- sists in bands. Typical species: rivularis Fab. 8. LoxopEsMa Lw. Charact.—Eyes large, elongate; front but little projecting; face rather strongly carinate ; cheeks narrower than in most other genera. Hairs on the body as usual; thoracic dorsum with bristles upon its hind part only. Third joint of the antenne more or less prolonged, rounded at the tip; the second much shorter. Both crossveins very much approximated; the first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only. ) The species belonging here remind of the Systate in the strik- ing proximity of the crossveins, differ however in other respects very much from them, and that in the same way as the species of Pteropectria differ from Ortalis. The relation of Loxodesma to Pteropectria, which is by far the most closely allied genus to 56 | _- DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. it, is exactly the same as that of Systata to Ortalis. The color- ing and the picture of the wings resemble those of the first section of Pteropectria, only the obscure borders of the crossveins coalesce more or less, on account of their proximity, into a single cross- band. Typical species: lacusiris Meig. 9. PTEROPACTRIA Lw. Charact.—Eyes large, elongate; front but very little projecting, face rather strongly carinate; cheeks narrower than in most other genera. Hairs on the body of the usual length; the middle of the thoracic dorsum bristly on its posterior portion only. Third antennal joint more or less elongate, rounded at the end; the second very much shorter. © The crossveins are at the usual distance from each other; the first longitudinal vein has bristles upon its end only. This genus contains small, shining black species, the thorax of which shows only a faint trace of pollen. The picture of the wings generally consists in the dark color of the costal and sub- costal cells, a more or less distinct black border of the crossveins and a black spot on the costa, lying a little before the apex, or upon it; in some species, however, this picture expands into four crossbands which are connected, two and two, near the costa. The genus is divided into two sections, which may even be: considered as separate genera. They are easily distinguished by the picture of the wings, which is in keeping with a corres- ponding difference in the rest of the organization. Sect. 1. (Pleropeciria, sensu strict.) with spotted, or incom- pletely banded, wings. Typical species: palustris Meig. Sect. 2. (Thryophila Lw.); bands on the wings complete. Typical species: frondescentize Lin. 10. TEPHRONOTA Lw. Charact.—Third antennal joint, although not excised on the upper side, still with a sharp anterior corner. Thoracic dorsum, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the suture. First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; the fourth not bent forward; the posterior angle of the anal cell not prolonged in a lobe. ORTALIDH—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 57 Tephronota begins the series of those genera, the third antennal joint of which is not rounded at the tip, but ends above in a sharp corner. It contains small species which, in the shape of their body, and especially in the structure of the head, remind of the Pteropexctrie very much. But they can always be distinguished by their thorax, which is thickly covered with a gray pollen, even should the third antennal joint, in drying, have lost the sharpness of its upper corner. ‘The picture of the wings consists either of complete crossbands, or of spots and half-bands, or even of spots only. } Typical species: gyrans Lw. 11. Crroxys Macq. Charact.—Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its upper side. Thorax upon its middle beset with bristles as far as its anterior portion. First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth longi- tudinal vein not bent forward; the posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a lobe. Recligwish-etay or cinereous-gray species, with a thorax with- out stripes, and with wings having large dark spots; the arista is always distinctly pubescent. Typical species: crassipennis Fab. 12. Hypocura Lw. Charact.—Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its upper side. | Thorax, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the suture. First longitudinal vein with bristles upon its end only; fourth longitudinal vein not bent forward ; posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a lobe. Small, grayish-white species, with a very limited picture of the wings, generally consisting of a very narrow border of the crossveins. © Typical species: albipennis Lw. 13. ANACAMPTA Lw. Charact.—Third antennal joint distinctly excised upon its upper side. Thorax, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the suture. 58 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth longi- tudinal vein bent forward towards its end; posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a lobe. Rather robust species having the thorax pollinose with gray, without stripes or with weak ones, a black, shining abdomen, generally with gray bands, and wings which have black cross- bands, or spots almost forming such crossbands. Typical species: urtvce Lin. 14. Horopasia Lw. Charact.—Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its upper side. Thorax without bristles upon its: middle, in front of the region of the suture. . First longitudinal vein bristly upon its whole length; fourth longitudinal vein curved forward at the end; posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a point. Holodasia differs from Anacampia (which it otherwise re- sembles very much) in the fact that the first longitudinal. vein is bristly upon its whole extent, and not upon its end only. In this it agrees with Pleropecila, from which it differs in the not pro- jecting front, longer antenne, the third joint of which is excised upon its upper side and pointed at the tip and in the fourth longi- tudinal vein being curved forward. Typical species: fraudulosa Lw. Fifth Section: Pterocallina. At the beginning of the chapter on the Systematic Distribution of the Ortalide, I have pointed out Scatophaga fasciata as the species of this group known for the longest time and which may be considered as typical. It was described under that name by Fabricius in the Systema Antliatorum, was transferred by Meigen to the genus Zrypeta and by Robineau Desvoidy to his new genus Myrnnis. It is very probably the same fly which was described by Coquebert in his [conographia, Dec. III, under the name of Musca octopunctata, although it has nothing of the picture of the thorax shown in Coquebert’s figure and which gave rise to the specific name. Although the publication of Coque- bert’s name is probably a little anterior to that of Fabricius, the choice of this name, based upon a non-existing character, as well as the nature of the entomological correspondence, which existed ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 59 between both authors, forbid us from giving Coquebert’s name the priority over Fabricius’s. At the same place I have also observed how very distinct a species Myennis fasciata is, with its Trypeta-like stature, its low head and especially the very large distance between the ends of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal vein; the latter character especially is quite peculiar among the Ortalidz with a bristly first longitudinal vein. i Among the Ortalide hitherto described, the following species, as far as known to me, show a sufficient agreement, in their characters, with Myennis fasciata to be considered as belonging to the same circle of relationship: Trypeta ocellata Wied., from the environs of Bahia, Brazil; Ortalis obscura Wied., from Brazil, Ortalis vau Say, and Platystoma annulipes Macq., the two last from the United States. The numerous characters which all these species share with Myennis fasciata, besides the already mentioned peculiarities belonging to this species in particular, are: 1, the unmetallic coloring of the body; 2, the comparatively — low, but rather broad head; 3, the broad front; 4, the rounded, more or less protruding eyes; 5, the round, or very short rounded- oval shape of the third antennal joint ; 6, the shortness of the more or less concave face; 7, the small development of the clypeus; 8, the comparatively large development of the chest; 9, the protho- racic bristle, represented by a very small hair only; 10, the middle of the thorax, which is beset with bristles upon its hind part only; 11, the convex scutellum, provided with four bristles; 12, the very © much abbreviated fifth segment of the female abdomen, which is very often quite withdrawn under the preceding segment; 13, the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a point, or even in a lobe. Although the agreement in so many characters affords a dis- tinct proof of the close relationship of these species, each of them shows at the same time plastic differences of such an importance, that one might be tempted to establish a separate genus for almost every one of them. These differences principally consist in the different shape of the wings, and in the different course of their veins, while the rest of the organization shows a re- markable agreement. In the shape of the wings two remarkable modifications are worthy of notice, and may serve at.some future time for a further subdivision of this group. 60 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IIL. The wings of Trypeta ocellata and obscura differ from the usual shape of the wings of the Ortalide by their narrowness, the parallelism of their anterior and posterior margins, their broad and rounded apex and their comparatively great length. Macquart placed the first of these species in the genus Platy- stoma, and the second, still more oddly, in the genus Campto- meura. Rondani has had a better eye for the plastic peculiari- ties of Trypeta ocellata and established the genus PTEROCALLA for it. I have derived the name of the present group from this well-founded genus of Rondani’s, and not after Rob. Desvoidy’s Myennis, established for Scatophaga fasciata, because the latter name, although much earlier in date, is a senseless malformation. Trypeta obscura is, as Wiedemann has correctly observed in its description, a near relative of Pterocalla ocellata. As what occupies us now is the systematic location of only a small num- ber of species, we can, without any hesitation, unite both of these species in the same genus, although the venation of 7. obscura differs from that of Pterocalla ocellata in the second longitudinal vein being more arcuate than undulated, and in the fourth lon- gitudinal vein being distinctly curved forward. A small North American species, which will be described below, stands close enough to those two species in the shape of its wings and its venation to be placed in the same genus. It differs however in the second, third, and fourth longitudinal veins being quite straight, and neither wavy nor arcuate. A most striking resemblance to this Plerocalla strigula is ex- hibited by Trypeta ulula, a South African species, described by me (Berl. Entom. Zeitschr.) after an incomplete specimen, with- out head. Already in describing this species, I drew attention to the fact that it differs from the ordinary venation of the Try- petina in the great distance intervening between the tips of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal veins. I do not doubt now that this species is a Pterocalla, and that I would have recognized this earlier if I had had a complete specimen before me. Both species agree very well in all their plastic characters, especially in the shape of’ the wings and in the venation; the only difference which I notice in P. ulula is the position of the posterior crossvein, which is much steeper. The genus Pterocalla, as I define it here, thus embraces ail those Pterocallina which, in the outline of their wings, resemble - ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 61. Pterocalla ocellata, so that this outline must be considered as the principal diagnostic character of this genus. Among the numerous undescribed Péerocallina, which I have seen, I know of no one which may be placed in the genus Plero- calla, although several of them agree with the species of this genus in some one point pertaining to the venation. But none of those species has the wings of that peculiar shape which characterizes Pterocalla; on the contrary, the outline of the wings of ‘all these species does not, in any marked degree, differ from that of the ordinary Ortalide. Like the species enumerated above, they have this peculiarity, that each species, although agreeing with the others in the characters belonging to the group, at the same time shows such important plastic differences, that the establishment of a series of new genera becomes indis- pensable. I regret not to be able to enter here into the detail of this subject, as, without plates, it is impossible to define those genera sufficiently. Thus much only will I mention, that among them there is a species which has the posterior angle of the anal cell rounded. The generic distribution of the North American species, which will be described below, does not, fortunately, require these South American forms to be taken into considera- tion. | Among the North American Plerocallina, Ortalis vau Say , is the nearest to Myennis fasciata Fab. The venation, however, is different enough to prevent us from placing them in the same genus. The two crossveins in O. vau are less approximated, and the anterior end of the posterior one is further from the basis of the wing than the posterior end, while in Myennis fasciata the con- trary is the case, so that the posterior crossvein of this species has a different position. Moreover, the first segment of the ovipositor of the female of Ortalis vaw has not the conically attenuated shape which it has in Myennis fasciata and in many Trypetina ; it is broader, somewhat attenuated from its middle only, like the ovipositor of the majority of the Ortalidx. I consider, therefore, Ortalis vau as the type of a new genus, which I call Sricrocr- PHALA. To Stictocephala vauw must be added a second North American species, which I received from Baron Osten Sacken, under the name of Tephritis corticalis Fitch in litt., and which will be de- scribed by me under the same name. The venation resembles 62 ‘DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IT, that of S. vau so closely that I have no hesitation in placing it in the same genus. There are two other North American species which I take to be undescribed, and which also belong to Stictocephala. As their wings are not pictured like those of the two preceding spe- cies, but simply banded, the difference between them seems, at first glance, to be greater than it really is. A close examination does not disclose any plastic. difference which would justify their generic separation from Stictocephala. I will describe them as Stictocephala cribrum and cribellum. The North American species described by Macquart as Platy- stoma annulipes shows, in the detail of its structure, an almost complete agreement with the species of Stictocephala, but differs so much in the outline of the wings and still more in the vena- tion, that it cannot be placed in that genus. ‘The difference in the outline of the wings consists in the fact that the posterior margin is more convex, and hence, the wings are broader; the difference in the venation appears in the posterior angle of the anal cell being drawn out in a very long lobe, and in the position of the posterior crossvein, the anterior end of which is much nearer to the apex of the wing than the posterior end. As this species does not find a. convenient place in any of the existing genera, I am compelled to establish a new one for it, which I call CALLOPISTRIA. This would close the series of the few genera of Pterocallina, hitherto sufficiently defined, if we had not to advert to the genus PsarrRopteRA Wahlb., occurring in northern and central Europe, as well as in northern Asia, a genus for which it is not easy to find an appropriate place in the system. The species of this genus resemble the Ulidina in their general appearance, and I would not have hesitated to place them in that section, if their third longitudinal vein was not distinctly beset with hairs. I acknowledge that their location among the Ulidina is more natural than among the Pterocallina. Nevertheless, I place the genus among the latter and thus put a greater stress upon the artificial character, derived from the pilosity of the third vein, than upon more close and natural affinities, but which are more difficult to explain in words. If I do this, it is because I hold that a strict adherence to those characters, by means of which I have tried to introduce into the systematic chaos of the aa ORTALIDM—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. * 63 Orialide a satisfactory distribution in groups, is more apt to insure the recognition within these groups of available genera, than if we should attempt to avail ourselves of affinities, which, although visible to the eye, do not admit of exact definitions. Psairopiera finds a fitting location at the end of the Ptero- callina, so as to be immediately followed by the Ulidina. The principal differences from the above-mentioned genera of Ptero- callina consist in the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is more or less a sharp right angle, and in the much smaller dis- tance between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of the first longitudinal. The shape of the head likewise shows not unim- portant differences from the other genera of the group, and some of the species of Psairoptera have, moreover, the last antennal joint of a more elliptical shape. In enumerating the most characteristic distinctive marks of the Plerocallina, we cannot, for the above stated reasons, lay the same stress upon Psairoptera as upon the other genera of this group. These characters may be summed up as follows :— Habitus Trypeta-like; coloring non-metallic; head rather broad, but low, with rather protuberant eyes; face short, per- pendicular, excavated in the middle; clypeus but little de- veloped; third antennal joint round or rounded ovate; thoracic dorsum bristly upon its posterior part only; third longitudinal vein hairy; and above all, as the most important character, the unusually large distance between the end of the first longitudinal and that of the auxiliary veins. For the Pterocallina from North America, hitherto known, we can add to the above-enumerated characters the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a long lobe. SECOND DIVISION. ORTALIDH HAVING THE First LONGITUDINAL VEIN BARE. + The European genera belonging here are: SEoprERa Kirby, Timra Wied., Unipra Meig., CurysomMyza Fall., with which Chloria Schin. is coincident, and EmMpyrLocerA Lw. They are allied enough to each other to be united in the same group. _A type, very different from the preceding genera, appears in the genus RicHarpia Rob. Desv., which seems to be rather 64 : DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. abundantly represented in America and likewise belongs to this division. A whole series of related genera, peculiar to America, may be classed with Richardia: like the latter, they are all distinguished by armed femora. This is the reason why, in a former publication, I separated the whole second division of the Oritalina in two groups, the one with unarmed, the other with armed femora; the first I called Ulidina, the second Richardina; and in the Berlin Entom. Zeit- schrift, Vol. XI, I described the American Ulidina which, at. the time, were known to me. Now, however, that I have become acquainted with a larger number of forms belonging in this division, I incline to think that its separation in the groups Ulidina and Richardina becomes more natural, if, as a distin- guishing character of these groups, we assume, not the armed or unarmed femora, but the shape of the anal cell. All the genera having the posterior angle of the anal cell more or less pointed belong to the Ulidina; those genera, on the contrary, where this is not the case are to be placed with the Richardina. This. modification does not much alter the distribution of the genera among these two groups, as all the genera with armed femora, at present known, will, in the new distribution, be likewise referred to the Richardina. Among the genera which, in the above- ° quoted publication, I placed with the Ulidina, E’'piplatea alone will have to be transferred among the Richardina. Among the genera of Richardina, enumerated below, Steneretma, according to the former mode of subdivision, would have belonged to the Ulidina, and thus would not have been placed near Jdiotypa, which is closely allied to it. With the former mode of distribu- tion, the position of the new genus Coniceps, based upon a North American species, would have been a somewhat doubtful one, as the under side of its hind femora bears a few stronger hairs, but can hardly be called armed. First Section: Ulidina. The five genera of Ulidina represented in Europe, and enumerated in the preceding paragraph, are not confined to this part of the world. The European SEOPTERA vibrans also occurs in the adjoining provinces of Asia, and is represented in America by a species most closely resembling it. European species of ORTALIDA—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 65 Tim1a, EMPYELOcERA, and Unipia occur in Asia together with other species, peculiar to that part of the world. CHRryYsoMyzA demandata likewise ranges over a considerable part of Asia and Africa; both countries contain besides species of this genus peculiar to them. The South American Ulidia stigma Wiedemann and the Brazilian Ulidia bipunctata Macq. are not Ulidizwe at all, although they probably belong to the group Ulidina, the first to the genus Notogramma, the last to Huxesta. Ulidia metallica Bigot, from Cuba, is perhaps a Chrysomyza; as to the Ulidia JSulvifrons Bigot, from the same locality, it is impossible, from Bigot’s description, to come to any conclusions about its place in the system. America seems in general to be very rich in forms belonging to the Ulidina. For the species which came within my knowl- edge I have established the genera: DAsyMETOPA, OEDOPA, NotToGRaAMMA, HupHara,, AcrostTicTa, HUXESTA, CHATOPSIS, Hyporcta and STENOMYIA. The species described by former authors, which belong in the circle of the above-mentioned genera, are to be found in Wiede- mann partly in the genus Ortalis, partly in Ulidia. In Macquart, as far as I can ascertain, they are scattered among the Ulidiz or even in Ceroxys and Urophora, which shows, on that author’s part, an utter neglect of their plastic characters. The genus EyMETOPIA established by Macquart in his family Psilomyde, does not belong to it, but to the Ulidina. It is not doubtful at all that Asia and Africa, besides the genera which they have in common with Europe, harbor some genera of Ulidina which are peculiar to them. Gor@oPis Gerstecker, described by Doleschall, some time previously, under the inappropriate name of Zygenula, probably belongs to: this group. It differs, it is true, from all the known Ulidina very much ; still the structure of the head in Oedopa may be indicative of an affinity. Unfortunately I cannot give any further information concern- ing other exotic Ulidina of the old world, as I have none in my possession. The existing descriptions of a number of Ortalidz which may possibly belong to the group Ulidina, are not accurate enough to admit of any positive conclusions. I have not met with any Ulidina from Oceanica yet. 5 66 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Second Section: Richardina. Among all the genera of this group, RicHarp1a Rob. Desy,, distinguished by its: posterior femora, armed with spines, is the best and longest known. This circumstance induced me to derive the name of the section from it. It seems to be exclusively American; the Richardia flavitarsis Macq., from the Marquesas Islands, does not belong to this genus, and if the manner in which the auxiliary vein is represented upon Macquart’s figure be only of average correctness, we may even infer that it does not belong to the Richardina at all. The other species which Macquart, Rondani and. Gerstecker have added to the genus Richardia are all natives of America. The two males of Richardia described by Gerstecker are distinguished by the dilatation of their head, somewhat in the manner of Achias; their females are not known yet; still the analogy of Achias and of other genera, having a similar structure of the head, justifies us in supposing that their heads do not show any extraordinary dilatation. The fly of unknown habitat which Macquart described as ODONTOMERA ferruginea undoubtedly belongs in the immediate affinity of Richardia. As I have never seen it, my knowledge of it is based exclusively upon Mr. Macquart’s statements. These, however, are entirely sufficient to prove that the fly belongs in the family Ortalidx, and not in the Trypetide, where Macquart places it. That it belongs to the Richardina I infer from the evidently very close relationship which exists between it and the Sepsis Guérinti Bigot from Cuba. The generic name must be changed, on account of the already existing Odontomerus Gravenh. This Sepsis Guérinii agrees in so many characters with Odon- tomera ferruginea Macq. that one might be tempted to place it in the genus Odontomera. Should Macquart’s statements, how- ever, be correct, this would not be admissible, as Odontomera ferruginea possesses not only much stouter femora and a much more projecting front, but also an auxiliary vein which is much less approximated to the first longitudinal than in Sepsis Guérinit. We are compelled, therefore, to consider Sepsis Guérinw as a separate genus of the Richardina, which we will call STENOMACRA. We have, in the next place, to mention the genus SETELLIA. ORTALIDHE—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 67 It was founded by Rob. Desvoidy, and Setellia atra Rob. Desv. must be considered as its type. I have not seen this species, and, unfortunately, the statements of Rob. Desvoidy are not sufficient to enable me to decide whether Setellia atra belongs to the Richardina or to the Cephalina. In the same way, I am unable to decide whether the Brazilian species, subsequently described by Macquart as Setellia apicalis really belongs in the same genus with Setellia atra. As Rob. Desvoidy does not allude at all to the femora of his species being spinous, while Macquart’s species is remarkable for all its femora being armed in a rather striking manner, it becomes exceedingly doubtful whether Macquart’s species is a Sefellia in the sense of Rob. Desvoidy’s. I do not know of any species more related to Setellia apicalis Macq. than that species from Colombia, South America, which Gerstecker described under the name of Michogaster egregius. As its first longitudinal vein is bare and its femora are armed, it cannot possibly remain connected with the true species of Mischogaster, but must be considered as the type of a separate genus of Richardina, for which I propose the name of EUVOLENA., To place Setellia apicalis in the genus ELuolena is not possi- ble; it has no stump of a vein upon the second longitudinal vein inside of the submarginal cell, a character distinguishing Huolena egregia; its third and fourth longitudinal veins converge more distinctly towards their end, and the posterior angle of the anal cell is not rounded. Setellia apicalis will also have to be con- sidered as the type of a separate genus, which may be called Syntaces. In the supposition that the first longitudinal vein of Syntaces apicalis, like that of its relative Euolena egregia, is bare, I think that the best location for this genus is among the Richardina, It is true that the posterior angle of the anal cell, in Macquart’s figure, is almost acute; in the generic diagnosis, however, he calls the anal cell: ‘‘terminée carrément,” so that the shape of this cell cannot be an obstacle to the location of the genus among the Aichardina; and this view is supported by the spinous femora, a character common to nearly all the genera of this group. Should, however, the first longitudinal vein of Syn- taces be hairy or bristly, then the location of the genus among the Richardina would be impossible. Next to Huolena is the genus Ip1oTypa, which I establish for a new species from Cuba. In its general habitus it is almost 68 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. like one of the more corpulent American species of Baccha; for instance, Baccha capitata Lw. The second longitudinal vein, which in Zuolena forms a short stump inside of the submarginal cell, bears, in this genus, almost at the same place, similar stumps, not only in the submarginal, but also in the marginal cell. The most striking difference, however, lies in the structure of the feet, as Huolena has the four posterior femora remarkably long and slender, which is not in the least the case with Idiotypa. The genus STENERETMA, which will be characterized in the third part, treating of the North American species, is related to Idiotypa. : The South American species described by Fabricius once as Scatophaga trimaculata and another time as Dacus flavus, and which Wiedemann placed in the genus 7rypeta, does not belong in this genus at all, but in the present group of the Ortalide. The description, which Macquart gave of. his Ca@LoMETOPIA Serruginea, contains so much which is entirely applicable to Fabricius’s species, that I have no doubt that the latter species was the very same from which the description of Coelometopia Jerruginea was drawn. When Macquart says that in C. ferru- ginea the middle femora alone are armed, this statement is pro- bably based upon an insufficient observation; when he calls the last three tarsal joints white, this seems to be a lapsus calami, as the figure shows nothing of the kind, and as on two of the tarsi the first joints are even represented as much paler than the following ones; the latter probably being 1nfuscated, as they are in Fabricius’s species. Should even, contrary to my supposition, Macquart’s species be different from that of Fabricius, they will at all events belong to the same genus. The Odontomera maculipennis of Macquart from Colombia, South America, seems very closely allied to Calometopia; Macquart’s own statements show that it agrees in so many characters with Celometopia trimaculata, that it may be trans- ferred to the same genus with it; one would even be led to sup- pose that it is nothing but the female of Celometopia trimaculata. With the above mentioned Odontomera ferruginea Macq. (not Celometopia ferruginea Macq.) Odontomera maculipennis has too little in common to be considered as belonging to the same genus. A pretty species from Cuba, which will be described in the ORTALIDZ—SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 69 sequel, can also be placed in the genus Celometopia, although the ocelli, which here, as well as in the latter genus, are rather much forward on the front and close to each other, are placed here upon a very gentle elevation, while in Celometopia the projection which bears them is quite high. Closely related to Calometopia is the species described by Wiedemann as Trypeta cyanogaster.. It is not a real Caelome- topia, as its posterior ocelli are less remote from the vertex and the anterior one quite distant from them; moreover the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel here and the hind femora alone bear a few bristles, while in Ceelometopia all the femora are beset with spines. For this reason Trypeta cyano- gaster has to be considered as the type of a new genus, which may be called MeLanotoma. A second species of this genus, from Brazil, has the same picture of the wings as I. cyanogaster, consisting in a black border of the costal margin and of the small crossvein. Other Brazilian Ortalidz resemble the genus Melanoloma in the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel ; the agreement in the structure of the rest of the body, especially of the head, is very striking. These species differ, however, in all the femora being spinous, in the arista being distinctly pubescent, in the still greater distance between the anterior ocellus and the two posterior ones, in the close proximity of the two crossveins of the wings, and in the picture of the wings, which does not consist in a black border on the costa, but in large, crosshand- like spots. I deem it useful to introduce for such species a new genus, which I will call HemIxaNnTHA; a species of this genus, H. spinipes, will be described below. That Dacus flavicornis Wied., from Brazil, belongs in the same circle of relationship is proved by the original specimen, preserved in the Berlin Museum. Before having subjected that specimen to a second and more close examination, I would not venture to decide whether it can be placed in any of the genera, which I have just discussed. As far as I remember, its scutellum bears only two bristles; this would prevent its identification with any one of those genera, as it is very unlike just those among them which share that character with it. Otherwise it has the same Dacus-like structure of the face as most Richardina; the third antennal joint is elongated ; 70 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. the slender arista is distinctly pubescent; the abdomen is of an equal breadth; the posterior angle of the anal cell is not acute and the fourth longitudinal vein somewhat convergent with the third; all the femora are armed. I have also to mention the genus Coniceps, which I find necessary to establish for a North American species. On account of the retracted posterior angle of the anal cell it must likewise be placed among the Richardina, although in its general appear- ance it is more like certain Ulidina, especially Humetopia. _ The reason why I place EprpLaTEa among the Richardina Las been alluded to above. Thus I have reached the limit of the genera, the location of which among the Richardina appears to me beyond doubt. It is certain that the number of Richardina which may yet remain unrecognized among the existing descriptions is far from ex- hausted by me; but who would venture, upon the statements of most of these descriptions, to form an opinion on ihe systematic location of the species which they mean to represent! It will hardly be necessary to mention here the East Indian genus MERACANTHA. Its spinose femora may suggest the sup- position that it belongs to the Richardina. But as this character does not belong exclusively to this group, and as the very acute angle of the anal cell of Meracantha does not occur among the Richardina in the acceptation of that group as I understand it here, I cannot consider Meracantha as belonging to the Richardina. Besides the bareness of the first longitudinal vein and the not acute posterior angle of the anal cell, which two characters con- stitute the diagnosis of the Richardina, the following characters are common to all the genera which I have had occasion to ex- amine in detail: a break in the costal vein immediately before the end of the auxiliary vein; the great proximity between the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and the very small distanee between their ends; finally the thoracic dorsum being beset with bristles upon its posterior part only. PPE. THE NORTH AMERICAN ORTALIDA. Ir is a long time since I intended to publish a monograph of the North American Ortalide. The hope and expectation, how- ever, of increasing in a measure my very fragmentary knowledge of this family by the addition of more species, either new or not yet seen by me, induced me to postpone for some time the com- pletion of my work. Unfortunately, this expectation has not been fulfilled. Within the last four years, only five species were added to those previously known by me, and it became evident that if I had to wait for a tolerable increase of my acquaintance with the Ortalidez, my work would run the risk of remaining un- published. I let it appear, therefore, in the best shape I could give it, with the scanty materials at my command. I have no doubt that North America contains a far larger number of genera than those which came within my knowledge. In order to define, with some approximation, the systematic position of the genera of which I have not had any representatives for com- parison, [I have included in this monograph all the South American genera of which I possess specimens; inasmuch as it is very probable that most of them occur at least in the southern portion of North America. The striking analogy between the North American and European Ortalina renders it very probable that the number of genera in this group, common to both conti- nents, is larger than it appears at present. For this reason I have deemed it useful to include in the general characters of the Ortalina all the data necessary for the recognition of the more difficult and less well known among the European genera. Synopsis of the Distribution of the Family. Diviston I.—First longitudinal vein bristly or distinctly hairy. A. Ovipositor not flattened. Section I. -Pyrgotina. (11) 72 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IIL. B. Ovipositor flattened. a. Third antennal joint not circular. 1. No prothoracic, no mesothoracic bristle. Section II. Platysiomina. 2. No prothoracic, but a mesothoracic bristle. Section III. Cephalina. 3. A prothoracic and a mesotLoracic bristle. Section 1V. Ortalina. 6. Third antennal joint circular. Section V. Pterocallina. Division II.—First longitudinal vein bare. A. Posterior angle of the anal! cell drawn out in a point, or, at least, more or less acute. Femora never armed. Section I. Ulidina. ‘ B. Posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse, rounded or retracted. Femora armed in most of the genera. Section II. Richardina. FIRST DIVISION. ORTALIDZ WITH THE First LONGITUDINAL VEIN BRISTLY OR DISTINCTLY HAIRY. First Section: PYRGOTINA. Gex. I. PYRGOTA WIED. Charact.—Front of equal breadth, without ocelli, very much projecting in profile. : Antenne drooping, second joint rather long, third more or less ovate ; arista pubescent. Face retreating, under the antenne with deep fovez, separated by a very low ridge; they reach as far as the middle of the face, or only a little below; lateral parts of the face very broad, still more approximated on the lower half of the face; oral opening compara- tively small; c/ypeus but little developed; proboscis not stout. Scutellum with many bristles. 1 It may not be useless to refer here to Vol. I, p. xxiv, of these Mono- graphs, where (fig. 1) a wing of Ortalis is represented. The anal cell is marked M on the figure, and is the same as the third hasal cell, or the posterior one of the small basal cells. Although this synonymy is not mentioned in the explanation of the figure (at the foot of the same page), it may be found in the same volume, p. xx, line 18 from the top.—0O. S. ORTALID®—PYRGOTA. 73 Abdomen: in the male with four segments, the first of which strikingly prolonged, the following ones considerably shorter; in the female with five segments, the first of which very remarkably prolonged, the following ones quite as remarkably shortened ; ovipositor large, not flattened, almost capsule-shaped. Spurs of the middle tibie only bristle like; very weak in the species with less coarse hairs. Wings large; posterior angle of the anal cell acute; small crossvein beyond the middle of the long discal cell; third longitudinal vein curved backwards towards its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein arcuated, but little diverging from the third. Macquart’s genus Oxycephala is identical with Pyrgota. Harris, in his Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, calls this genus Sphecomyza. Real Pyrgotz are known to occur with certainty in North America only. As in Europe and Africa genera occur, which are closely allied to Pyrgota, it is not impossible that Walker’s P. latipennis (List of Dipt. p. 1087) from Sierra Leone is a real Pyrgota; however, his description is altogether silent concerning those characters which are indispensable for the recognition of the genus. Whether P. pictipennis Walker (List, ete. 1162) belongs to this genus is very doubtful; the author himself introduces it with a doubt, but remains silent as to the motives of this location as well as the cause of the doubt. The North American Pyrgote at present known may be divided in two groups: in the first, the arista is only two-jointed, and, at the same time, the usual bristles on the vertex, as well as those bristles which in other genera protect the ocelli, are present; in the other group, the aristais distinctly three-jointed, and there are no conspicuous bristles either on the vertex, or round the spot where, in other genera, the ocelli are placed. Pyrgota millepunctata belongs to the first, all the other species to the last group. Were the number of the species larger, these characters would justify a subdivision in two genera; at present, with the small number of species, all easy to identify, this sub- division would be useless. 1. P. millepunctata Lw. 9%.—Fusco picea, seta antennali biarti- culat&; ale infuscatz, guttulis numerosis subpellucidis asperse. Pitch-brown; arista two-jointed; wings infuscated, dotted with numerous pellucid spots. Long. corp. 0.38—0.43, cum terebra 0.51—0.55, long. al..0.49—0.55. 74 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART I1I. Syy. Pyrgota millepunctata Lozw, Neue Beitr. I, 22, 50. ?Oxycephala maculipennis Maca. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, p. 210. Tab. xxviii, f. 2. Sphecomyia valida Harris, Catal. Ins. Mass. Prevailing color of the body pitch-brown, reddish-brown or even brownish-red in less intensely colored specimens, with a black pubescence, which is perceptibly coarser than in the follow- ing species. ' The occiput has, behind the vertex, a distinct black triangle, with its point directed downwards, which is connected with a black spot on the place where the ocelli should be; at some distance from this triangle there is, on each side, a large black spot, reaching from the posterior orbit'of the eye almost to the point of attachment of the head; between these spots and the triangle the color is clay-yellow, almost wax-yellow; the sides of the occiput are generally of a similar yellow color, but become more infuscated towards the orbits and the cheeks, or are tinged with brownish as far as the black spots above. The front has.a broad black stripe, which is divided longitudinally in two by a more or less complete and more or less narrow, sometimes more yellow, sometimes brownish, line; on both sides, near the orbits, the stripe is margined with yellow. The ordinary strong bristles on the vertex, the bristle placed in front of these, on each side, near the orbit, and those bristles which are inserted in the region of the ocelli (which here are wanting), are all present. The first antennal joint is generally rather dark-brown, except at the basis; the second is usually of a dirty brownish-yellow; the third agrees in its coloring sometimes with the: first, sometimes more with the second joint; in some specimens, it is altogether ochre-yellow; the arista is distinctly two-jointed, the first joint short. The face is usually of a dark ferruginous-brownish color- ing, often verging on ochre-yellow on the sides. The antennal foveze are somewhat less deep than in P. undata, but perceptibly longer and separated by a higher ridge. The sides of the face are approximated on the lower half, but not so much by far as in P. undata, so that the middle part of the face has about double the breadth of the other species. The oral opening is more horizontal than in P. undata. The but little developed clypeus is black, the palpi generally yellow; their shape is almost the same asin P. wndata. The ground color of the thorax is clay- yellow or wax-yellow, but with very broad pitch-brown stripes, ORTALIDZ—PYRGOTA. io which occupy everything but the humeri and the narrow intervals between the stripes, so that the prevailing color is the brown one; the middle stripe, which is of equal breadth, is longitudi- nally divided in two by a lighter longitudinal line; the stripe stops at the last quarter of the thorax, however, beyond it, at the posterior margin of the thorax, there is a brown spot; the very broad lateral stripes are strongly abbreviated anteriorly, attenuated and interrupted at the transverse suture; moreover, the lateral margin has a broad brown border. Scutellum blackish-brown, paler on the sides; the numerous bristles are more conspicuous in this species on account of their stoutness and their black coloring. Pleure pitch-brown, clay-yellowish on the sutures. Abdomen usually blackish-brown or dark pitch- brown, sometimes ferruginous-brown or yellowish-brown; the first segment is about once and a half the length of the four fol- lowing segments taken together. The capsule-shaped ovipositor is of the same color as the abdomen, or somewhat paler; its shape is nearly the same as in P. undata, but it is a little less pointed ; on each side, not far from the basis, it has a large, im- pressed spot. The color of the feet is as variable as that of the remainder of the body ; blackish-brown in more intensely colored specimens, otherwise ferruginous-brownish ; the knees are always clay-yellow; paler colored specimens have the extreme tip of the tibie and the tarsi of a dirty ferruginous-yellow or ochre- yellow color. The shape of the wings is not unlike that in P. undata, but towards the apex they are broader. The chief dif- ferences in the venation are the following: the little stump of a vein on the second longitudinal vein existing in P. wndata, is wanting here; the discal cell is much broader, especially towards its tip; the posterior transverse vein is nearer the margin of the wing, much longer and more straight; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is less strongly arcuated and the second posterior cell much. smaller; the posterior angle of the anal cell is more drawn out in a point. The whole surface of th. wings has a rather uniform dark-brownish coloring; this color is varie- gated by numerous transparent dots of a gray-yellowish tinge; the shape of these dots is rather irregular; they are often con- fluent, as often distinctly separated; round the root of the second longitudinal vein and round the small crossvein, the dark color- ing is more continuous and less _ interrupted by dots; the brown 76 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. is also more intense along the costal margin, than upon the re- maining surface. Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington, D, C., New York, Illinois (Osten-Sacken); Massachusetts (Harris). Observation 1.—Mr. Macquart (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, p, 210) de- scribes as Oxycephala maculipennis from Texas (figured on Tab. XIX, f. 12), a species which either is a Pyrgota or is closely allied to this genus. In several respects this species shows a decided re- semblance to P. millepunciaia, and the question as to their diver- sity is a very doubtful one. The conformity is especially apparent in the picture of the wings and the venation, also in the coloring of the front and even in that of the thorax. But Macquart says that the thoracic stripes are interrupted near the suture (which is also rendered in his figure) ; moreover, according to the figure, the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a much longer point than is the case in P. millepunctata. These discrepancies alone, however, with Macquart’s well-known inaccuracy in de- scription and figure, would not be sufficient to neutralize the evident analogies. A more weighty ground for doubt is to be found in the representation of the abdomen; nothing like its remarkable breadth has been observed in any known Pyrgota ; moreover, it shows, instead of five segments, only four, the first of which is abbreviated, and the second the longest; the ovi- positor hardly exceeds one-third of the length of the abdomen, while in the other Pyrgotzx it equals the abdomen in length. If these statements were based on Macquart’s figure alone, I would have been inclined to think that the abdomen, wanting in the specimen, had been supplied by the imagination of the draughts- man; but this supposition does not hold good in presence of the fact, that Macquart mentions expressly, that he had a female before him; and we know that the sex of a Pyrgota can only be recognized by the structure of the abdomen, Macquart also says that the ovipositor is flattened, which is not in the least the case with P. millepunctata. These grounds seem sufficient to justify the belief that Macquart’s Oxycephala maculipennis is a different species from P. millepunctata, unless we assume that Macquart’s specimen had the abdomen of a different species fastened to it. Should this not be the case, there is every reason to doubt whether the species is a Pyrgota at all. It is rather strange that in the list of the exotic species described in Macquart’s ORTALIDA—PYRGOTA. ‘7 work, which is appended to his fourth supplement, O. maculi- pennis is omitted. The cause of this omission is not apparent. Should Macquart have discovered that it belonged to a different genus, he would have transferred it to that genus; but the species is altogether omitted in the list. Observation 2.—Sphecomyia valida of Harris’s Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, is, according to a communication from Baron Osten-Sacken, nothing else but Pyrgota millepunc- tata. As a matter of course, Harris’s name, being merely a catalogue name, has no claim of priority. 2. P. undata Wiev. % 9%.—Ex ochraceo ferruginea; antennarum articulus tertius secundo equalis; seta antennalis triarticulata, articulis primis duobus subequalibus; alarum vena longitudinalis secunda appendiculata. Yellowish-ferruginous; the third antennal joint equal to the second in length ; arista three-jointed ; its first two joints of nearly equal length ; the second longitudinal vein with a stump of a vein upon it. Long: corp. 4 0.4—0.43; 9 cum terebra 0.56—0.53; long. al. 0.5—0.58. Syn. Pyrgota undata Wiep. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 581. Tab. X, 6. Pyrgota undata Maca. Suites, etc., II, p. 423. Tab. XVIII, f. 23 (were mentioned after Wiedemann). Myopa nigripennis, Gray, Anim. Kingd. Tab. 125, f. 5. Oxycephala fuscipennis Mace. Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 198. Tab. XXVI, 6. Sphecomyia undata Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass. Pyrgota undata Gerst. Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxi, p. 188. ae Yellowish-ferruginous or more ochre-brownish. Front rather broad, projecting almost in the shape of a tower, and with a short, rather inconspicuous pubescence; without stronger bristles in the region of the vertex or round the place where the ocelli usually are. Antenne yellow; the first two joints with a yel- lowish pubescence; the third sometimes ochre-brown, of the same length as the second. Arista distinctly three-jointed ; the first two joints almost of equal length. The face very much retreat- ing when seen in profile; the very deep antennal fovee reach only to its middle and are separated by a very low ridge, which is usually tinged with brown; below them, the middle portion of the face is remarkably narrow, groove-like and bordered on each side by a brownish-black ridge. A brown or brownish- black, somewhat curved stripe generally extends from the middle . of the inner orbit of the eyes towards the region of the antennz. 78 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. The oral opening is cut obliquely upwards; the but little developed clypeus is tinged with blackish; the rather broad palpi are usually tinged with yellowish-red towards the tip, sometimes — they are altogether ferruginous. The thoracic dorsum has an extended ferruginous-brown spot upon it, formed by the almost complete coalescence of a broad intermediate stripe with two broad lateral stripes, which are abbreviated infront. The meta- thorax and the greater part of the pleure are often tinged with dark pitch-brown. The coloring of the abdomen on the first tw segments, and also at the basis and along the middle of the fol- lowing ones, often becomes pitch-brown or brownish-black, this is especially often the case in male specimens. The first abdominal segment is very much elongated in both sexes; in the male it is not quite as long as the three remaining segments taken together; in the female, the last four segments are so much shortened, that, taken together, they are much shorter than the first joint. The capsule-shaped ovipositor is conical, bent downward towards its end. The feet are ochre-yellowish, but the femora brown up to the tip; the tibia likewise are more or less infuscated, except the basis and the extreme tip. Wings large, the greater portion of them is uniformly tinged with brown, which color covers the costal, marginal, submarginal, the first posterior and the discal cells, also the basal cells, with the exception of a pale stripe in the anal cell, moreover, this color forms a broad border along the inner portion of the second poste- rior cell, and a narrower one along the anterior margin of the third posterior cell; within this brown coloring some specimens do not show any paler spots, the majority, however, show, in the submarginal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, a rounded or oval, almost hyaline spot, which attains sometimes a consider- able size; moreover, a great many specimens show some scattered, small, hyaline dots, not far from the end of the same cell, of the first posterior and of the discal cells; the posterior limit of the brown coloring has a whitish-hyaline border, which, following the course of that limit, forms a steep curve in the second posterior cell; in the third posterior cell it takes the shape of a gently arched longitudinal stripe; within this border, the surface of the wing has a uniform brownish coloring, which is perceptibly more intense only in the region of the axillary incision; in some cases, near the posterior side of the sixth longitudinal vein, a little ORTALIDA—PYRGOTA. _ . 79 beyond the end of the anal cell, there is a small, almost hyaline spot; the alula is almost hyaline, or infuscated towards the posterior margin only. The second longitudinal vein, opposite the posterior crossvein, shows a small fold, the tip of which, directed backwards, emits a short stump of a vein; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very strongly curved ; the posterior angle of the anal cell forms a sharp, but not very acute angle. | Hab. United States; Carolina (Zimmerman), Massachusetts (Harris), etc. Observation.—I am not able to compare the figure of Myopa nigripennis Gray, but I do not hesitate, on Gersteecker’s authority, to place this name among the synonyms of P. undata. The synonymy of Sphecomyia undata Harris is based upon a state- ment of Mr. Walker, who seems to have received specimens from the author. 3. P. vespertilio Gerst. %.—Antennarum articulo tertio prece. dente plus dimidio breviore, rotundato ovato, fusco, aristz articulo primo brevissimo, secundo elongato: fronte oculis duplo latiore, palpis filifor- mibus: alis vend longitudinali secunda nec fracta, nec appendiculata, alula strigisque duabus marginis posterioris hyalinis. Third antennal joint not half so long as the second, rounded oval, brown; the first joint of the arista very short, the second elongated; front double the breadth of the eyes; palpi linear; second longitudinal vein of the wings without fold or stump of a vein; the alula and two stripes near the posterior margin hyaline. Long. corp. 0.64; long. al. 0.56. Syn. Pyrgota vespertilio Gerst. Stett. Entom. Zeitschr. xxi, p. 189, Tab. II, i. Se Head comparatively stouter than in the preceding species; front, when viewed from above, and taken as far as the anterior border of the eyes, at least by one-half broader than long; the gibbosity projecting over the eyes is not of equal breadth, as in P. undata, but conically attenuated anteriorly; its tip is as broadly truncated as in the other species; viewed in profile, this projection is as high as in P. undata; its anterior side, however, does not ascend in a straight line, but shows a strong convexity, so that the tip itself is retreating. The cheeks are consider- ably broader and more sunken. The eyes are comparatively smaller, the excavated upper part of the face perceptibly shorter. The coloring on the front, especially on the inside of the eyes and 80 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II. upon the gibbosity, is darker, more brown; upon the cheeks, with the exception of the ferruginous-yellow border of the eyes, chocolate-brown; the two black ridges, bordering the middle of the face, are present, as in P. undata, but even more distinctly marked and descending lower. The first two joints of the antenne are pale ferruginous-yellow; the third joint dark-brown; the arista ferruginous-yellow at the basis, whitish towards the tip; the second antennal joint is not quite as long as in the pre- ceding species, chiefly because it is but very little less drawn out forwards above than below; the last joint is at least by one. half shorter than the second, rounded oval, ending in a blunt point; the arista is inserted on the middle of its length, on the outside, near the upper margin; of its two basal joints the second has four times the length of the very short first joint. The palpi are slender, filiform, tinged with brown, like the proboscis. The thoracic dorsum shows three deep black stripes; the middle one is very broad, begins at the anterior margin and ends some distance before the scutellum ; the lateral stripes are abbreviated anteriorly and posteriorly ; the portion of them behind the suture is larger than that in front of it. The greater part of the pleure, a spot on each side at the posterior margin of the scutellum, as well as the metathorax, dark-brown. On the abdomen, the anterior part and the middle line of the first segment are pitch- black and somewhat shining; on each of the following three seg- ments is a triangular spot, of the same coloring, the basis of which is directed anteriorly, and which occupies the whole breadth of the segment. The upper part of the abdomen has delicate transverse grooves, the under side on the contrary is strongly grooved in a longitudinal direction, opaque velvet-black, with a narrow, ochre-yellow middle line; the projecting male organ of copulation is of a shining reddish-brown. The feet are light ferruginous, with yellow hairs; the femora, to the exclusion of the tip and tibia, with the exception of the basis and of the ex- treme tip, are chestnut-brown. The second longitudinal vein of the wings is hardly perceptibly broken and without any vestige of a stump; the wings in general are comparatively shorter than in P. undata, darker and more evenly earth-brown; a very delicate streak near the posterior border of the first longitudinal vein, not far from the origin of the second vein, the whole alula and two streaks near the posterior margin, the position of which ORTALIDA—PYRGOTA. sl corresponds to the entirely discolored spots in P. undata, are hyaline. These two streaks have a very definite outline, and the Space beyond them is as dark-brown as the remainder of the wing ; the longer one is almost straight, the shorter one sickle- shaped. The halteres are pale ferruginous-yellow. Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman). Observation.—The above description is the reproduction of that prepared by Dr. Gerstzcker, 1. c., from a single specimen in the Berlin Museum. I have had a passing view of the speci- men; it is very like P. undata. The differences in coloring, noticed by this author, are in my’opinion of but little importance, as most of them occur among the varieties of the very variable P.undata. More important are the plastic differences, mentioned by Dr. Gerstecker. Although the shape of the head in different Specimens of P. undata is variable (evidently, however, in con- sequence of different degrees of shrinkage in drying), although the size of the third antennal joint is subject to slight variations, and although the relative length of the first two joints of the arista is not altogether constant, it is hardly credible that all these dis- crepancies should reach the degree which Dr. Gerstecker noticed in his P. vespertilio. 4. P. pterophorina Gexrst. .—Antennarum articulo tertio pre- cedente paulo longiore, oblongo ovato, arista brevissim4, crassa: fronte oculis latiore, fortiter prolongaté, palpis cochlearibus; alis latis, vena longitudinali secund& geniculata, nec appendiculata, fuscis; alula, maculis duabus, posticis magnis, semilunaribus, guttisque duabus hyalinis. The third antennal joint is somewhat longer than the preceding one, elongated-oval, with a very short, stout arista; front broader than the eyes, very much prolonged; palpi spoon-shaped ; wings broad, with a second longitudinal vein which is geniculate, but has no stump of a vein upon it; coloring on the wings brown; alula, two large crescent shaped spaces on the posterior margin and two dots hyaline. Long. corp. 0.4; long. al. 0.44. Syn. Pyrgota pterophorina Gxxst., Stett. Entom. Zeit. xxi, p. 190, Tab. II, ES. Body small, slender, pale-ferruginous, shining. Head, viewed from above, by one-third longer than broad; front broader than the eyes, but, taken as far as the anterior margin of the eyes, nevertheless longer than broad; the gibbosity only a little shorter 6 82 . DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. and very little attenuated anteriorly ; viewed in profile, this gib- bosity is less elevated than in the two preceding species; on the contrary, it is, to its very much protruding tip, almost on the same level with the remaining portion of the front; this causes the anterior margin, which, with a slight convexity, is strongly retreating, to lie almost entirely on the under side; cheeks like- wise broader and descending lower than in P. undata. The coloring of the head is altogether pale-ferruginous, even the black lines, bordering the middle portion of the face, are wanting. The antenne likewise are altogether ferruginous-yellow; the two apical joints are almost of equal length; the third appears a little longer, only when viewed from the outside, along the lower margin, because, at this point, this joint is less covered by the second than above and on the inside; the first two joints are beset with blackish bristles, as in the two preceding species; the third joint is elongated-oval; the arista is inserted in the middle of its length, near the upper margin; it is stout and very short, shorter than the third antennal joint; the second joint of the arista is one-half longer than the first; the styliform third joint is but little longer than the first two taken together. Palpi elongated, slightly curved, somewhat spoon-shaped at the tip, pale ferruginous-yellow, with black bristles; the proboscis brown. Thorax uniformly ferruginous-yellow ; clothed, as the head, with delicate black bristles. Abdomen of a similar color, but more shining, beset with long black bristles, forming bunches, especi- ally on the sides; the upper side of the first abdominal segment is infuscated beyond the middle. The horny capsule, which forms the end of the fifth segment of the abdomen of the female, has, in profile, the appearance of a sparrow’s bill; it is convex above, concave below, obtuse at the tip and somewhat shorter than the last three abdominal segments taken together. Feet perceptibly longer and more slender than in the two preceding species, with dense and rather long hairs, light brown; the basal third of the tibize and the tarsi pale yellowish; the hind tibie are much more incrassated toward the tip than the middle ones. Wings remarkably broad, obtusely rounded at the apex; the second longitudinal vein strongly bent and then broken in the shape of an angle, but without stump of a vein; ground color of a saturate earth-brown; a trapezoidal spot, extending from the ORTALID #—AMPHICNEPHES. 83 costa to the third longitudinal vein and situated before the break in the second vein, a round spot between both crossveins, the alula and two large crescents on the posterior margin hyaline ; the crescents show a pale shade of brownish towards the posterior margin. Halteres altogether pale yellow. Hab. Carolina (Zinmerman). Observation 1.—The above is a translation of Gerstzcker’s description of the specimens in the Berlin Museum. The species is distinguished enough to render the discussion of its specific rights useless. I will only notice here, that when the author says that the fifth abdominal segment in the female gradually passes into the capsule-shaped ovipositor, this expression is not to be understood literally; in the two species which I have seen, such a transition is not visible. When the author calls the first two antennal joints of P. pterophorina “beset with blackish bristles, as in the preceding species (P. undata and vespertilio),”’ I would observe that in P. undata this pubescence is in reality yellow, and assumes a ferruginous or even blackish tinge only when seen against the light. Observation 2.—A fifth American species is described by Macquart (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, p. 281, Tab. XX VI, f. 1) as Oxycephala fenestrata. His data are not even sufficient to ascertain whether the species really is a Pyrgota. Moreover it is not distinctly stated whether this species belongs to North America. Second Section: PLATYSTOMINA. Gen. I. AMPPHICNEPHES nov. gen. Charact.—Front of: medium breadth, not narrower anteriorly. Antenne reaching down to the edge of the mouth. Face excavated, without distinct antennal fovee; occiput but little turgid; eyes high; cheeks narrow. Scutellum large, flat, with four bristles. Wings very broad; the longitudinal veins straight and conspicuously diverging; anal cell shorter than the preceding basal cell; its posterior angle rounded. Small, metallic-colored species, the wings of which show a picture not unlike that of the species of Platystoma, and the general habitus of which is less like the species of Rivellia than 84 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 111. those of Platystoma. They are, however, easily distinguished from the latter by the narrower front, the much less turgid occiput, the larger and flatter scutellum and the much broader wings, with straight, very much diverging longitudinal veins. 1. A. pertusus n.sp. § and 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 1) Viridis, nitidus ale nigre, guttis et fascia subapicali hyalinis. Green, shining; wings black with hyaline dots and a hyaline crossband before the tip. Long. corp. 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.11—0.12. Dark metallic-green, shining. Head black; the front blackish- brown, even, rather long, but only of a medium breadth, not narrowed anteriorly; the ocelli are closely approximated to each other near the edge of the vertex; the small ocellar triangle and the little stripes running down at the corners of the vertex are of a shining blackish-green. Bristles of the vertex rather long, directed backwards; the bristle which is in front of them on each side is short; the ocellar bristles are not distinct. Antenne reaching down to the edge of the mouth, brownish-yellow; their narrow third joint is blackish at the tip; often the greater part of its outer side is brownish. Face excavated; its lateral portions very narrow; antennal fovez indistinct. The shining black clypeus broad. Palpi broad, shining black, with a paler border on the under side and at the tip; proboscis of moderate thick- ness; mentum but little swollen. Hyes much higher than broad; cheeks narrow; occiput but little turgid. Thorax very delicately transversely aciculate. Scutellum large, flat, weakly rugose, with four bristles. Abdomen more distinctly rugose. Ovipositor black, considerably extensile. Feet black, brownish- black in less mature specimens; the first joint of the front and hind tarsi and the first three joints of the middle tarsi of a dirty ochre-yellow. Halteres black, tegule but little developed. Wings rather broad, black, more grayish-black near the hind, margin; immediately before their apex is a conspicuous, arcuated, hyaline crossband ; before this band there is a moderate number of hyaline dots of regular shape, which become more sparse towards the anterior margin; five dots which are nearest to the crossband form a row, parallel to the Jatter; the blackish-gray coloring near the hind margin of the wings has no hyaline spots. The veins are much more straight than in Platystoma and very diverging ; ORTALIDZ—HIMEROESSA. 85 the two posterior basal cells are rather striking for their large size; however, the anal cell, which has an obtuse posterior angle, is shorter than the basal cell lying in front of it; the small cross- vein is in the middle of the discal cell; the first half of this cell is by no means attenuated, as is the case in the species of Rivellia. ' Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington, D. C., Connecticut (Osten-Sacken). Gen. II. HIMEROESSA nov. gen. Ckaract.—Front of equal breadth, distinctly projecting in profile. Antenne reaching almost to the mouth, arista bare. Face moderately excavated, somewhat retreating below; occiput moderately turgid, eyes high ; cheeks narrow. Scutellum convex ; with six bristles. Wings: marginal and submarginal cells very narrow; second section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; posterior crossvein pro- longed beyond the fourth vein; posterior angle of the anal cell rounded. As I have seen only a single species of this genus, the one which is described below, the definition of the generic character can naturally be only.a provisional one. Should the peculiar prolongation of the posterior crossvein, which distinguishes 4. pretiosa, be wanting in some allied species, it would then be necessary to omit this character from the definition of the genus; the remaining characters are amply sufficient for the purpose. 1. H. pretiosa n. sp. %.—(Tab. VIII, f. 2.) Rufo testacea, abdomine violaceo, pedibus anticis totis, posteriorumque tibiis et tarsis nigris; ale hyaline, inzquali cost limbo et fascia tenui subinterrupta nigro- fuscis. Yellowish-red, with a violet abdomen ; the front feet altogether, the tibiz and tarsi of the four posterior feet, black; wings hyaline with an irregular costal border and a narrow, somewhat interrupted crossband, blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.38, long. al. 0.3. Yellowish-red, shining. Front darker, opaque, of equal breadth, with very indistinct traces of flat pits and a very delicate border of white pollen along the orbits; distinctly projecting in profile; the little stripes, descending from the vertex along the sides of the ‘front, and the ocellar triangle are distinct, and somewhat more shining; the latter is somewhat larger than 86 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. usual; ocelli very near the edge of the vertex, rather large, but little approximated; the four bristles on the edge of the vertex rather strong; the lateral, as well as the ocellar bristles replaced by shorter, bristle-like hairs. Antenne of the coloring of the body, almost reaching to the anterior edge of the oral opening; arista bare. Face but moderately concave, somewhat retreating on the under side, pollinose with white, except in the vicinity of the oral opening; in the well-marked fovee this pollen is thicker and more conspicuous; the lateral portions of the face, bordering on the eyes, are very narrow and likewise clothed with white pollen. Eyes much higher than broad; cheeks narrow. Clypeus of a moderate breadth, distinctly projecting over the edge of the mouth; palpi not very broad, almost ferruginous. Proboscis rather stout; occiput moderately turgid. The whole thorax and the convex scutellum shining, with a very faint trace of a reddish metallic reflection. Scutellum with six bristles. Abdomen of a metallic reddish-violet coloring, which, in a different light, assumes upon the first three segments a bronze-green tinge; this is not the case with the last segment. Front feet with the coxe brownish-black; on the four posterior feet the tibie and tarsi alone have this coloring; the coxe and femora have the color of the thorax. Halteres yellowish-red, with an infuscated knob. Wings hyaline, with brown veins, which are not in the least sinuous; their anterior margin has a conspicuous, but unequal brown border, which, near the apex, extends as far as the fourth vein; from the root of the wing to the small crossvein, which is still included in this border, it becomes gradually broader and reaches here almost to the fifth longitudinal vein; it contracts immediately beyond the small crossvein, to the second longitu- dinal vein; opposite the posterior crossvein it expands again towards the third longitudinal vein, and runs immediately behind this vein as far as the apex of the wing, where it suddenly turns towards the fourth longitudinal vein, which forms the limit of this dark border; the very steep posterior crossvein projects in an unusual way beyond the fourth longitudinal vein; it is bordered with brown; this border forms a narrow, perpendicular cross- band, which growing paler and more indistinct, extends to the dark border of the anterior margin, or quite near it; the costal cell is clay-yellow, except at the basis and at the tip, which are more brownish. The marginal and submarginal cells are re- ORTALID/—RIVELLIA., 87 markably narrow; the small crossvein is in the middle of the discal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded and the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the third. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Gen. II]. RIVELLIA R. Dssyv. Charact.—Front of equal breadth, not projecting in profile. Antenne usually reaching down to the margin of the mouth; third joint long and narrow; arista with a very short pubescence. Face rather excavated, its lower part projecting ; the lateral portions very narrow; clypeus broad; occiput moderately turgid; eyes high ; cheeks moderately broad. Scutellum convex, with four bristles. Wings: Marginal and submarginal cells comparatively broad; the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein remarkably sinuate, with the convexity encroaching upon the discal cell, so that the latter appears much narrower before the small crossvein than behind it; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the third vein or very slightly diverging ; posterior angle of the anal cell rounded. A large number of closely resembling species belong to this genus; the picture of the wings of most of them is nearly the same, so that this picture alone helps to recognize the species belonging here; it consists of four brown or blackish-brown crossbands; the first starts from the root of the wing and is the most oblique of all and the shortest; the second, somewhat longer and less oblique, runs over the small crossvein; the third, which covers the posterior crossvein, is perpendicular and reaches from the anterior to the posterior margin of the wing; the fourth starts from the anterior margin, near the origin of the third band, and forms a border along the apex -of the wing. The North American fauna seems to abound in these species. The appa- rently total absence of plastic differences between them and the, as it seems, not unimportant variation in the coloring of some of them, render their separation very difficult, especially when there are only single specimens for comparison. I hope not to have gone amiss in the definition of those which I know. Whether I was mistaken or not, those may judge who have the opportunity of observing these species in life. Among the species described below, Rivellia conjuncta 1s the 88 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. only one which does not belong to the difficult group just char- acterized ; it is distinguished from it not only by a different picture of the wings, but also by some easily tangible plastic differences. Ist Group. Crossbands contiguous near the posterior margin. 1. R. conjuncta n.sp. 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 3.) Nigro-viridis, pedibus preter tarsorum basim nigris, tribus primis alarum fasciis postice coherentibus. Blackish-green ; the feet, with the exception of the root of the tarsi, black; — the first three crossbands of the wings contiguous posteriorly. Long. corp. 0.16; long. al. 0.14. Blackish-green, shining. Front.moderately broad, dusky fer- tuginous-brown, almost black, laterally with a rather broad border, pollinose’ with white. Antenne reaching almost down to the edge of the mouth, brick-red, except the third joint which turns brownish or blackish towards its tip. Face and clypeus metallic-black. Feet black; the basis of the tarsi brick-red or dirty reddish-yellow to a considerable extent. Halteres black. Wings hyaline; the four crossbands much broader than in the following species, especially the first ; the second coalesces with the first in the discal cell and the third unites with the first near the posterior margin of the wing; the band which forms a border along the end of the anterior margin and the apex is connected in the usual way with the third, at the anterior margin. The small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of the discal cell; the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly arcuated, and the posterior crossveins bisinuate. Hab. Maryland (Osten-Sacken). | 2d Group. Crossbands separated near the posterior margin. 2. R. viridulans R. Desv. % 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 4.) Nigro-viridis, interdum chalybescens, pedibus preter tarsorum bacim nigris, primis tribus alarum fasciis separatis. Blackish-green, sometimes more steel-blue; feet, with the exception of the root of the tarsi, black; the first three crossbands of the wings iso- lated from each other. Long. corp. 0.18—0.21; long. al. 0.15—0.2. Syn. Rovellra viridulans R. Desv. Myod, p. 729, 2. Trypeta quadrifasciata Harris, Cat. Ins.’ Mass. ORTALIDH—RIVELLIA. 89 Ortalis Ortoeda Wau. List, IV, p. 992. Ortalis quadrifusciata Wax. List, IV, p. 993. Herina rufitarsis Macg. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 123, 7. Tephritis melliginis Fircu, First Rep. 65. Blackish-green, shining ; the upper side of the thorax sometimes less so; recently excluded specimens acquire a somewhat steel- blue tinge after drying. Front reddish-brown, often very dark, of the usual breadth, with a very narrow border of white pollen on each side. Face and clypeus metallic black; the narrow lateral portions of the face, bordering on the eyes, brownish-red, more seldom dark-brown. Antenne reaching to the edge of the mouth, brick-red or yellowish-red; the third joint gradually turning black towards the tip. Ovipositor and feet black; the tips of the four anterior tibize usually brownish brick-red ; the first joint of the two front tarsi and the first two joints of the four posterior tarsi pale brick-red. Crossbands of the wings black, rather narrow; the first three, which are entirely sepa- rated from each other, reach from the anterior margin to the fifth longitudinal vein; the fourth band, bordering the end of the anterior margin and the apex, is often connected with the third only by a rather narrow black border of the anterior margin; the portion of the costal cell between the first and the second cross- bands has a dingy, somewhat yellowish appearance. The small crossvein is far beyond the middle of the discal cell and the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very much arcu- ated. Halteres black. Hab. New York; Georgia; Distr. Columbia (Osten-Sacken). Observation 1.—The attentive reader of Walker’s description of Ortalis Ortoeda will easily notice that, before the end of the fourth line, previous to the comma, several words have been accidentally omitted, so that the end of the sentence does not refer, as it should, to the second, but to the third crossband. What Mr. Walker meant to say results sufficiently from the next description, that of O. quadrifasciata, which reproduces again the present, apparently very common, species. The fact that the measurements of O. Ortoeda and quadrifasciata are different in Walker does not prevent me from considering them as one and the same species. Under the former name Walker describes a male; under the latter, a female; hence, the greater size of the latter has nothing surprising. Instead of the length of the single 90 _ DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II. wing, Walker gives the breadth of the wings from apex to apex, a datum which is to be obtained only by approximation. This breadth in O. Ortoeda is said to be three, in O. quadrifasciata four lines, a difference which is somewhat considerable, but, owing to its uncertain nature, not to be relied upon exclusively for separating the two species, as the female of R. viridulans really has longer wings than the male. The quotation from Harris’s Catalogue has been introduced upon the authority of ‘Walker, who seems to have had original specimens of this author; but as the species has never been described, the quo- tation might as well have been omitted. That Herina rufitarsis Macq. belongs here isnot doubtful. I have been able to com- pare a typical specimen of Tephritis melliginis Fitch. Observation 2.—The following species agree so much with &. viridulans in the breadth of the front, the shape and the length of the antenne, and in the venation, that every statement about these points would be useless. In speaking of the picture of the wings, a statement about the points of difference will be more useful towards discriminating the species than a detailed description. 3. R. quadrifasciata Mace %.—(Tab. VIII, f. 5.) - Thorace viridi, capite preter occiput, abdomine, pedibus, halteribusque luteis. Thorax green; the head, with the exception of the occiput, the abdomen, the feet, and the halteres, dark-yellow. Long. corp. 0.2; long. al. 0.19. Syn. Herina quadrifasciata Maca. Suites, etc., II, p. 433, 8. Head dark-yellow, the occiput metallic dark-green. Front dusky red, with a narrow border of white pollen on each side. Antenne dark yellowish-red ; the third joint, with the exception of the root, brown; blackish towards the tip. Palpi dark-yellow. Thorax, including the scutellum, of a blackish-green, metallic coloring, shining. Abdomen dark-yellow, more brownish-yellow towards its end. Coxe and feet dark-yellow; hind tibie yel- lowish-brown ; the last four joints of the front tarsi, and the last three, more seldom the last four, joints of the middle and hind tarsi infuscated. Halteres dark-yellow. The crossbands on the wings as narrow and nearly in the same positiom’as in &. viridu- lans, but less dark; the first band is narrower and crosses the fourth longitudinal vein but very little; the second reaches not ORTALIDH—RIVELLIA. 91 quite as far as the fifth longitudinal vein; the hyaline interval between them is broader and the intervening portion of the costal cell of a darker coloring than in R. viridulans ; the costa itself, from the extreme basis as far as about the middle of the costal cell, is of a dirty-yellowish coloring. Hab. Nebraska (?). [I possess a specimen from Washington, D. C., which agrees exactly with the above description. O. S.] 4. R. variabilisnu.sp. %.—(Tab. VIII, f. 6.) Rufo-testacea, capite pectoreque piceis, abdomine nigro-piceo, basim versus plerumque di- lutius piceo, pedibus luteis, tibiis posticis tarsorumque apice fuscis. Brick-red ; head and chest pitch-brown ; abdomen pitch-black, towards the basis usually of a lighter piteh-brown; feet dark yellow; hind tibie and the tip of all the tarsi brown. Long. corp. 0.18—0.21; long. al. 0.15—0.2. Brick-red. Head pitch-brown or reddish-brown. Front of an opaque dark-red coloring, on each side near the orbit with a very narrow border of white pollen. Antenne reaching down to the mouth; the first two joints dark reddish-yellow ; the third, with the exception of the basis, dark-brown, blackish towards the tip. Palpi dark-brown. The chest and the lower part of the pleure dark pitch-brown. Abdomen pitch-black, generally lighter ° pitch-brown near the basis. Coxe and feet dark-yellow; the four anterior tibie but little infuscated; the hind tibiz and the last three or four tarsal joints dark-brown. Halteres dark-brown. The picture of the wings almost entirely like that of R. quadri- fasciata in coloring and design, only the first two crossbands are a trifle longer and the first a little broader; the brown col- oring in the anterior basal cell is a little less extended. Hab. District Columbia’(Osten-Sacken). Observation.—I have a female, from the same locality, which I think belongs to the present species. It differs from the male, described above, in having the antenne of an altogether dark- yellow coloring, except the slightly infuscated tip of their third joint; the color in the middle of the thoracic dorsum almost verges on blackish; the first crossband on the wings is a little longer, the front and middle tibize do not show any distinct infus- eation and the tip of the tarsi is but little infuscated. 92 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. — 5. R. flavimana n. sp. 4% 9%.—(Tab. VIII, f. 7.) Viridi-nigra, vel nigro-chalybea, pedibus anticis luteis, posterioribus semper ex parte, plerumque maxima ex parte, nigris vel fuscis. Greenish-black, or more bluish-black; the front feet dark-yellow, the hind feet partly, and usually for the most part, black or bluish-brown. Long, corp. 0.16; long. al. 0.14. Syy.? Herina metallica y. d. Wop. Tijdschr. voor. Ent. x, p. 154. Tab. VW; 1.10: : Very like R. viridulans, but easily distinguished by its smaller size and the paler, although very variable, coloring of the feet. Metallic blackish-green or almost blackish-blue. Head shining black ; occiput of a metallic greenish-black ; front dusky reddish- brown, often blackish-brown, on each side near the orbit with a very narrow border of white pollen. The first two antennal joints brownish-red, the third blackish-brown or black. The coloring of-the abdomen towards the tip, in the male, verges more on bronze-black ; the only female which I can compare has no trace of this color. Fore coxe and tibie yellowish; the upper side of the femora and the basis of the tibiz very seldom show a trace of infuscation. The four posterior feet have the coxe, femora, and tibie black or brownish- black, the tarsi yellow. The above-mentioned female has the tip of the middle femora and the middle tibiz, with the exception of the dark-brown basal third, of a brownish-yellow color; the tips of ‘the tarsi in this specimen are hardly infuscated at all, while the male specimens have the three or four terminal joints of the front tarsi and the last three or four joints of the middle and hind feet some- _what dark-brownish. MHalteres brownish-black. The picture of the wings recalls, in design and coloring, that of R. viridulans, only the crossbands are a little narrower; in general also the second, and especially the first, reach less near the fifth longitu- dinal vein; the black coloring, which is apparent on the root of the anterior basal cell of #. viridulans, is wanting in R. flavi- mana, and this affords a good character for distinguishing the latter species from those allied to it. Hab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden). Observation 1.—I possess a male, the four posterior feet of which, with the exception of the hind tibie, are yellow; it is also distinguished by the color of the antenne, which are reddish- yellow as far as beyond the middle of the third joint, and by the ORTALIDA—RIVELLIA. 93 somewhat narrower crossbands. Nevertheless, I consider it only as a variety of #. flavimana, which seems to be very variavle in the coloring of the feet. Observation 2.—Rivellia Boscii R. Desv. cannot very well be identified with &. flavimana, as it is described as considerably larger than #. viridulans, whereas Rf. flavimana is distinctly smaller. I did not succeed in identifying this species of Rob. Desvoidy ; his data concerning the coloring do not agree with R. quadrifasciata and variabilis, and R. pallida is still less to be taken into account. | Observation 3.—At first, while in possession of insufficient materials, I took R. viridulans, quadrifasciata, variabilis, and flavimana for varieties of the same species, and it is only later that more abundant materials convinced me that they are actually different, although closely allied, species. It is in conformity with my former view that I have identified with R. viridulans the Herina metallica described and figured by v. d. Wulp in the Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, x, p. 154, Tab. V,f. 10. If my present separation of these species be correct, the only ones which can be taken into consideration in interpreting Mr. v. d. Wulp’s species are R. Boscit, flavimana, and perhaps R. micans. hk. Boscit is so inaccurately described by R. Desvoidy that its identification is very difficult anyhow; but as this species is 3 lines long, that of v. d. Wulp only 12, I consider their identity as not probable. The assumption that my &. micans is the Herina metallica of v. d. Wulp is contradicted by the very bril- liant metallic-green coloring of the former. Moreover, vy. d. Wulp’s figure does not show, at the basis of the first basal cell, the dark coloring existing in 2. micans, which coloring has the same extent, although not the same intensity, as in R. viridulans. If the correctness of the figure of the wing of Herina metallica could be implicitly relied upon, its specific diversity from R. micans would be a matter of certainty. But in this case I would have also to admit that H. metallica does not coincide with any of the species of Rivellia known to me, as the said figure differs from those species, especially in the broad interval between the first and second crossbands, which does not occur to that extent in any of them. We are forced to assume, therefore, that the figure of the wing is only of an average correctness, and to pay attention, in its interpretation, to the principal features 94 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. only. If the want of a dark coloring at the basis of the first basal cell be singled out as a characteristic feature, the supposition suggests itself that the species is identical with R. flavimana, which also partakes of this character; the shortening of the first two crossbands, as well as the data concerning the size and col- oring of H. metallica, do not contradict such an assumption ; even the statement about the coloring of the feet could be applied to unusually pale specimens of &. flavimana, although I hava never met with specimens of this degree of paleness. Hence, it appears not improbable, although far from certain, that Herina metallica is identical with R. flavimana. 6. R. micans n.sp. 9.—Speciebus precedentibus minor, lete eneo- viridis, nitida, pedibus omnibus luteis, fasciis alarum fusco-nigris. Smaller than the preceding species, metallic-green, shining; all the feet saturate-yellow ; the crossbands on the wings brownish-black. Long. corp. 0.13—0.15 ; long. al. 0.13. Not reaching the size of R. variabilis and perceptibly smaller than the other preceding species; of a metallic-green, bright and shining coloring. The front, the lateral stripes on the face and the lower part of the occiput of a reddish-yellow, seldom of a brownish-red coloring; antenne, as far as the basal third or the middle of the third joint, reddish-yellow; beyond that, brown. The abdomen shows a diluted, half-pellucid, reddish crossband at the place where the first and second segments are soldered together; in some cases this band is wanting. Coxe and feet saturate-yellow, the former sometimes more brownish- yellow; the tarsi, towards their tips, are strongly infuscated. The picture of the wings, in its design, is not unlike that of R. viridulans, but is rather brownish-black than deep black ; the dark crossbands are a little narrower, especially the first and second, so that the hyaline interval between them is compara- tively broader, almost equal in breadth to the interval between the second and third bands (in R. viridulans the first interval is considerably narrower than the second); the first and second crossbands stop about the middle of the interval between the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins; however, single specimens occur in which they are shorter; in other specimens they reach very near the fifth vein; the third band, towards its end, is per- ceptibly narrowed. The second section of the fourth longitu- ' -ORTALIDA—RIVELLIA. 95 dinal vein is less arcuated towards the small crossvein than in R. viridulans. The coxe and feet are dark-yellow; the hind tibiz, towards their end, grow gradually, but very slightly, more brownish-yellow; the tarsi, from about the basis of the third joint, dark brown. Hab. Texas (Belfrage). Observation.— The present species differs from all the pre- ceding ones by the more pure and brilliant metallic-green color. Varieties of &. flavimana, with very pale feet, are nearest to it ; but such specimens have at least the hind tibiw, with the excep- tion of the extreme basis and the extreme tip, brown. Moreover, they differ from &. micans by the coloring of the first basal cell, which is hardly perceptibly tinged with gray at its extreme basis only, while in the latter species it is infuscated up to the last third of the second basal cell. 7%. R. pallida u.sp. § 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 8.) Flavo-testacea, Rivelliz micanti equalis, reliquis speciebus minor, fasciis alarum nigro- fuscis. Yellowish brick-red, of the size of R. micans, but smaller than the other species; the crossbands of the wings blackish- brown. Long. corp. 0.14—0.15 ; long. al. 0.13. Yellowish brick-red. Head concolorous; front more ferru- ginous; on each side with a narrow border of. white pollen. Antenne of the same color with the remainder of the body, only the third joint a little blackish at the extreme tip. One of my specimens has the first two segments of the abdomen black at the basis; but this color seems to have originated after death, being produced by the contents of the abdomen. Ovipositor not darker, or but a little darker, than the rest of the abdomen. Feet dark- yellow; last two, at the utmost last three, joints of the tarsi brown. Knob of the halteres brown. The picture of the wings reminds of that of &. flavimana, but instead of black it is blackish-brown ; the costal cell is tinged with brown at the spot only where the first crossband has its beginning, elsewhere it is of a dingy yellowish; the root of the first basal cell shows, as in R. flavimana, no dark coloring; the first and the second crossbands usually reach very near the fifth longitudinal vein. This species is easily recognized by its smaller size and lighter coloring. Hab. Washington, D. C. (Osten-Sacken.) 96 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART U1. Gen. IV. STENOPTERINA Mace. Charact.— Body long and narrow. Head a\most like that of Dacus; front of a considerable and equal breadth, somewhat projecting in profile ; face somewhat excavated in profile, perpendicular towards the somewhat upturned anterior edge of the mouth, or but little projecting; the shallow antennal fovee long and narrow, not distinctly separated from the convex middle portion of the face; the lateral portions of the face very narrow; clypeus very large; eyes large; cheeks not very broad; occiput only moderately turgid. Antenne: The first two joints short; the third narrow and very long, generally reaching a little below the anterior edge of the mouth; arista apparently bare, or with a pubescence which is so short as to be almost imperceptible. Thorax long and narrow ; the transverse suture runs across the whole dorsum in the shape of a shallow depression; viewed laterally, the thorax appears remarkably attenuated towards its anterior end, as the pectus is truncated obliquely in front; scutel/um with four bristles. . ; Abdomen remarkably narrow ; the first segment more or less prolonged in the male. Feet slender; the fore cox very long, inserted remarkably near the collum, and unusually movable at the point of insertion. Wings rather narrow; stigma long and narrow; small crossvein oblique, inserted more or less beyond the middle of the long discal cell; second section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; pos- terior angle of the anal cell rounded; the picture of the wings consists chiefly in a dark border of the costa, reaching from the basis of the stigma to the apex of the wing, and in the darker col- oring of the entire anterior basal cell, to which, in most of the species, is added a brown cloud along the posterior crossvein. The great uncertainty which seems to have hitherto prevailed concerning the characters of the genus Stenopterina has induced me to enter in more detail about them than about the other genera. If my limitation of this genus be correct, it will con- tain only species closely related in their plastic characters. Their venation alone shows some differences ; some species have the third and fourth longitudinal veins convergent towards their ends, the second longitudinal vein perceptibly shorter, more distant from the costa, and meeting it at.a less acute angle; — other species show the opposite of all these characters. As far as I.can judge at present, the species of the former group seem to belong principally to the old world. ORTALIDA—STENOPTERINA. | 97 S. xnea Wied: aud brevipes F. may be considered as the - types of the genus. i. S. cwrulescens nu. sp. 4.—Viridi-chalybea, humeris concolori- bus, thoracis dorso magis violaceo, halteribus nigris, alarum hyalinarum limbo costali inde a vene auxiliaris apice usque ad venam quartam pertinente, cellula basali prima et vene transversalis posterioris limbo fusco-nigris. Greenish-steelblue, with concolorous humeri and the thoracic dorsum more violet; halteres black; wings hyaline, a costal border, reaching from the end of the auxiliary to the end of the fourth longitudinal vein, the first basal cell and a border along the posterior crossvein brownish-black. Long. corp. 0.32—0.39; long. al. 0.26—0.31. Of a greenish-steelblue coloring, which on the abdomen has a somewhat stronger admixture of green and verges on violet on the thoracic dorsum; the humeral callosities and the pleure have the same greenish-blue color. Head dark-yellow, almost brownish-yellow; clypeus and palpi of the same color; front strongly infuscated anteriorly, this coloring having more or less extent; at the bottom of each of the fovea distinct brownish- black longitudinal streak; first and second antennal joints, as well as the root of the third, to a greater or lesser extent, dark- yellow; the third joint, towards its end, becomes more and more brown, even brownish-black. The last abdominal segment is only a little shorter than the penultimate. The hairs on thorax and abdomen are whitish, with the exception of the few and comparatively short bristles on the posterior end of the thoracic dorsum and of the four bristles of the scutellum. The coloring of the coxe and feet is very variable, as that of the front and of the antenne; the palest specimens in my possession have brownish-yellow coxe, more yellowish feet, with a dark metallic streak, reflecting greenish-blue, upon the anterior side of the hind femora, and with tarsi which are dark-brown towards the tip; the darkest specimens in my collection have metallic-black coxe, the femora almost black, with a bright metallic bluish- green lustre, excepting the tips of all the femora, which are brownish-red, and of the brownish-red basis of the middle ones; tibiee and tarsi dark brownish-red; the latter, towards their end, colored with brownish-black to a considerable extent. Halteres black, only the basis of their stem a little paler. Wings hyaline; - | 98 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III, their brownish-black picture consists of a narrow border along the anterior margin, which reaches from the end of the auxiliary vein to that of the fourth longitudinal vein, in the darker coloring of the first basal cell, which even crosses a little the small cross- vein and in a narrow border along the posterior crossvein. Hab. Texas (Belfrage). ; Observation 1.—The South American S. brevipes Fab. is dis- tinguished from the present species by the ochre-yellow color of the humeri and the ferruginous-yellowish color of ‘the halteres. Observation 2.—Herina metallica Macq. (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 208), from Mexico, is evidently no Herina at all, but a Sten- opterina. It would seem possible, therefore, that Stenopterina cerulescens is that very species. Many of the statements in Macquart’s description agrée with S. cerulescens. It must be borne in mind, however, that these statements refer for the most part to characters which a whole series of Stenopierine have in common. The statement that the wings are yellowish is not applicable to S. cxrulescens, and none of the varieties of this species which are in my possession have the black feet mentioned in Macquart’s description of H. metallica. Nevertheless, I would not have doubted this synonymy if I had nothing but Macquart’s description to consult. The figure of the wing, how- ever, which Macquart gives (1. c. Tab. XXIX, f. 2) sets this supposition entirely aside, by showing an unusually broad dark border along the anterior margin, by which Macquart’s species differs conspicuously from §. cwrulescens and similar species with the ordinary narrow border of the anterior margin. Gen. V. MISCHOGASTER Maco. Charact.—Front of a considerable, rather equal, breadth; the anterior ocellus rather distant from the two others. Face excavated in profile, hardly projecting below. Antenne rather long; arista with a distinct pubescence. Wings narrowed towards the basis; auxiliary and first longitudinal veins closely approximated ; posterior angle of the anal cell rounded. ~ Abdomen narrow, still more attenuated towards the basis; first seg- ment beset with strong bristles ; ovipositor rather conical. The characters, as given here, are very incomplete, and require an entire revision. Unfortunately, I had no specimen at ORTALIDA—MYRMECOMYTIA. 99 hand for comparison, and was obliged to write from memory. The bristles on the first abdominal segment, the distance inter- vening between the anterior ocellus and the posterior ones, and even the shape of the ovipositor remind very much of some genera in the group of Richardina, from which, however, Mis- chogaster is easily distinguished by the distinct bristles: on the first longitudinal vein and the unarmed femora. - The typical species of the genus is the Cephalia femoralis Wied. No species from North America are as yet known. Gen. VI. MYRMECOMYIA R. Desv. Charact.—Body slender, not unlike that of an ant. Head comparatively large; occiput conspicuously stout behind the vertex. Front of a uniform, considerable breadth, very long and steep, so that the antennez are below the middle of the head; the very large lateral stripes of the front have wrinkle-shaped cross impressions. Antenne reaching a little below the anterior edge of the mouth; arista with a rather short. pubescence. Front convex, not excavated in profile, but descending in an in- clined plane ; clypeus of a moderate transverse diameter; cheeks rather broad. Thorax somewhat narrowed anteriorly; scutellum small, as two bristles. Abdomen very much attenuated at the basis; the narrow first seg- ment without bristles; about its middle it is so coarctate that its anterior portion assumes the shape of a knot. Feet very slender. Tegule wanting; wings narrow, running into a point towards the basis, so that the posterior angle of the wing and the alula are wanting; auxiliary and first longitudinal veins closely approxi- mated; the two posterior basal cells small; the posterior angle of the anal cell rather sharp. The very peculiar structure cf the head, the approximated ocelli, the absence of bristles on the first abdominal segment and its peculiar coarctation, sufficiently distinguish this genus from Mischogaster. The species upon which it was founded by R. Desvoidy are unfortunately unknown to me, so that I cannot affirm with certainty whether the characters as based by me upon the species described below would in all particulars apply to them. Judging by his statements, however, it seems very probable that the discrepancies are not important. 100 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. _ [PART IIL. Myrmecomyia is not only very like Cephalia in appearance, — but closely allied to it in reality. However, they may be distin- guished by the presence, in Cephalia, of a mesothoracic bristle, and by the absence of the coarctation of the first abdominal segment, peculiar to Myrmecomyia. The alule and tegule in Cephalia, although small, are not wanting; the posterior angle _of the wing, although very shallow, is likewise apparent. M. myrmecoides Lorw. § 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 9.) Nigra, alaram hyalinarum ima basi et apice extremo nigris. Black; wings hyaline, extreme root and apex black. Long. corp. 0.25— 0.27; long. al. 0.21. Syn. Cephalia myrmecoides Lozw, Wien. Eat. Monatschr. IV, p. 83. Black, glossy. Head shining black, face and cheeks usually brown. The very broad and long front, descending in a steep slope, has a very narrow middle stripe of velvet black, which does not reach much beyond the middle of the front, but is con- nected by a furrow with the frontal fissure; the latter is not in the shape of an are, but of an angle. Ocelli approximated to each other. The vertex bears two strong bristles, and on both sides of them two shorter ones; moreover, far back of the ocelli there are two small erect bristlets, while there are none in the immediate vicinity of the ocelli. The conspicuously large lateral parts of the front have irregular, wrinkle-like, transverse impres- sions, and along the orbits a very narrow border of white pollen. Antenne long and narrow, reaching to the anterior edge of the mouth ; the first two joints brownish-red, the third black; arista with a very short pubescence. Face convex, descending obliquely in profile, but not excavated; the anterior edge of the mouth not drawn upwards; antennal fovez indistinct; the very narrow lateral parts of the face with a thin white pollen. Eyes higher than broad. Cheeks rather broad. Clypens projecting over the anterior edge of the mouth, however its longitudinal diameter does not equal its moderate transverse diameter; the rather broad palpi blackish-brown. Thorax rather Jong and narrow, broader in the region of the wings than before and behind. Scutellum very small, convex, with two bristles. The metathorax descends in an inclined plane, and is conspicuously long; the pectus rises obliquely from the middle cox towards the front ORTALIDZ MYRMECOMYIA. 101 coxe. Thoracic dorsum with a thin gray bloom, the impres- sions indicating the lateral beginnings of the transverse suture are more densely pollinose; the pleure, above the middle coxe, are clothed with a very dense white pollen. The shining black abdomen is much narrower at its basis; its first segment is longer than each of the following ones; about its middle it is so attenuated that its smaller anterior portion is knot-shaped, the larger posterior portion funnel-shaped ; the last abdominal segment is somewhat shorter than each of the two preceding ones. The comparatively large hypopygium is usually pitch- brownish, seldom blackish; the first segment of the black ovi- positor is flat and rather broad. Feet very slender; anterior coxe yellow; the four posterior coxe yellowish-red or chestnut- brownish; all are clothed with white pollen. Front feet brownish- yellow, with pitch-brown femora; the tarsi, from the tip of the first joint, are blackish-brown; the four posterior feet are brownish-black ; the knees, the extreme tip of.the tibiz and the root of the tarsi brownish brick-red ; in very pale-colored speci- mens the light coloring of the tarsi is much more extensive. Halteres black. No tegule. Wings hyaline, with delicate black veins; the wings, towards the basis, are very much attenuated, without any posterior angle and without alula; auxiliary vein short, very much approximated to the first longitudinal vein; the latter rather stout, very gradually merging into the costa, so that the stigma is narrow, linear; second longitudinal vein very long and straight; the last section of the third longitudinal vein gently inflected backwards, so that it strongly diverges from the second longitudinal vein and ends in the extreme apex; small erossvein perpendicular, inserted but little beyond the middle of the long discal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein rather straight, only very little convergent towards the third ; posterior crossvein straight ; the two posterior basal cells comparatively small; the posterior angle of the anal cell rather acute, but not pointed; the sixth longitudinal vein rather short, -but reaching distinctly to the margin. The picture of the wings consists in an obscuration of the extreme root and the extreme tip; the first extends in the costal cell a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; behind the first longitudinal vein, however, it reaches as far as the posterior basal cells; the obscuration of the apex has its greatest breadth at the end of the first posterior cell; it 102 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. hardly crosses the fourth longitudinal vein posteriorly ; anteriorly it extends as a rapidly contracting border along the costa as far as the end of the second longitudinal vein, so that it has rather the shape of an apical spot than of an apical border. Hab. Washington, D. C. (Osten-Sacken. ) Third Section: CEPHALINA. Gen. I. TRITOXA nov. gen. Charact.—Body slender; abdomen narrow at the basis; feet rather long, front tibiz# before the end of the upper side with a stronger bristlet. Hairs and bristles rather short; thoracic dorsum with bristles along the sides and upon its posterior margin only. Antenne long and narrow ; the second joint short; arista with short hairs. Face almost shield-shaped, with rather indistinct antennal fovez. Palpi very broad; proboscis rather stout, mentum but little inflated, Wings cuneiform towards the basis, with a very narrowalula; second longitudinal vein not conspicuously arcuated; third and fourth irregular in their course, which causes the anterior basal cell to expand before its end; first longitudinal vein beset with bristles upon the greater portion of its course ; crossveins approximated to each other. This genus contains reddish-brown and black species, with dark wings, marked with three hyaline, oblique, more or less arcuated crossbands. I. TV. flexa Wisp. % 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 10.) Nigra, capite thoraceque interdum fuscis; ale nigrx, fasciis hyalinis valde angustis secunda et tertid arcuatis, hac ab ale apice late remota, vend transversa posteriore subnormali. Black, head and thorax sometimes brown; the wings black, with three very narrow hyaline bands, the second and third of which are areu- ated; the latter is rather remote from the apex of the wing: posterior erossvein almost perpendicular. Long. corp. 0.24—0.28 ; long. al. 0.21—0.23., Syn. Tryp-ta flera Wievemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 483, 11. Trypeta arcuata WauxeEr, Ins. Saunders, p. 383. Tab. VIII, f. 3. Fully colored specimens are altogether deep black; in very pale specimens, on the contrary, the whole head, the thorax, and the feet, the latter usually with the exception of the upper side of the femora, are often brown; vestiges of this color frequently ORTALIDH—TRITOXA. 103 occur in a greater or lesser measurs on specimens the prevailing color of which is black, Most specimens have the gréater part of the front brown, some reddish-brown; the usual coloring of the antenne, also, is more brown than black, especially towards the basis. The pubescence of the arista is short, but distinct. The front has on both sides a very narrow, the face a broader, border of white pollen; the face, also, is slightly hoary with white, which is not equally distinct in all specimens, nor from all points of view; it is most perceptible around the antenne. The rather indistinct pollen on the thoracic dorsum forms two rather broad parallel lines. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor resembles in its nature the preceding abdominal segments, to which it is closely applied; it is clothed, like those segments, with short, black hairs. The wings are strongly cuneiform towards their basis, and towards their tip they are rounded in such a manner that the extreme apex is much nearer the poste- rior than the anterior margin; the second longitudinal vein is slightly wavy upon the first two-thirds of its course ; its strongest curvature is just above the small crossvein; the latter is rather oblique; the posterior crossvein, on the contrary, is steep, almost perpendicular, slightly bisinuated in the shape of an 8S. The color of the wings is black; only very immature or faded speci- mens have it brownish-black; the three usual crossbands have an almost whitish tinge, and are very narrow; the first among them is so oblique that it almost assumes the appearance of a longitu- dinal stripe; it starts at the basis of the third posterior cell, diverges gently and moderately from the fifth longitudinal vein, becomes more and more attenuated and pointed, and ends already some distance from the posterior margin ; the second pale cross- band, which likewise has a very oblique position, begins at the tip of the costal cell, just before the end of the auxiliary vein, and runs to the posterior angle of the discal cell; it is percep- tibly more arcuated on its anterior than on its posterior portion ; the third crossband, running from the anterior to the posterior margin, likewise has a very oblique position, although less so than the second; between the posterior margin and the third longitudinal vein its course is straight; from there to the anterior margin it is more and more arcuated; the distance between the third crossband and the apex of the wing is very large, as it almost equals one-third of the length of the wing. In the imme- 104 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. _[PAR? TI. diate vicinity of the small crossvein the coloring of the wing is more ferruginous-brown than black, which is especially perceptible by transmitted light; specimens also occur which have other pale streaks in one or the other of the cells. Hab. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott); Illinois (H. Shimer).} : Observation.—Wiedemann probably prepared his description of Trypeta flexa from a very imperfectly colored specimen. which seem to be rather constant in their position, but less con- stant in their extent; the figure is drawn from a female specimen, which has them less extended; usually, the inside of these spots is distinctly paler, but this varies in different specimens; very characteristic is the part of the picture surrounding the small crossvein, which does not seem to be subjected to any important variation. Hab. New York (A. Fitch). Observation.—The described specimens, a male and a female, were obtained by Baron Osten-Sacken from Dr. Fitch under the name of Trypeta corticalis. M4. 8. vwau Say. 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 29.) Fusco-nigra, polline albo- cinereo aspersa, punctis maculisque fusco-nigris variegata; alz hyaline, maculis octo nigris, quatuor costalibus, unica apicali, unica margini postico contigua reliquis majore et venam transversalem posteriorem includente, duabus denique minoribus vene longitudinali sexte appo- sitis; preterea macula ovata lutescens permagna, a mucula costali secund4 usque ad secundam vene sexte maculam pertinens conspicitur © et macula coste tertia eodem colore luteo cum macula marginis postici conjungitur, ita ut fascia integra, in media ala multo dilutior, appareat. Brownish-black, powdered with whitish-gray, marked with brownish-black dots and spots; wings hyaline, with eight black spots, four on the costa, one at the apex, one, larger than the others, near the posterior margin, covering the posterior crossvein, two ,smaller spots upon the sixth longitudinal vein; besides, there is a very large ovate, brownish-yellow spot, extending from the second spot on the anterior margin to the second of the two smaller spots on the sixth longitudinal vein ; the third spot on the anterior margin is connected by the same coloring with the spot upon the posterior crossvein, thus forming a complete crossband, which is much paler in the middle of the wing. Long. corp. 0.16—0.19; cum terebra 0.18—0.24; long. al. 0.14—0.18. Syn. Ortalis vau Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, 184, 4. Ground color opaque brownish-black. Head of the same color, but the anterior portion of the front and the face of a reddish- brown or dirty brick-red coloring, which sometimes also extends to the middle line of the front. The two superior hairs upon the lateral margin of the front are bristle-like. The front, from the anterior margin nearly as far as the ocelli, is clothed with black » hairs, inserted upon impressed punctures; there is no definite picture upon it. The thorax is covered with a white pollen and punctate with brownish-black. The picture on the thoracic ORTALIDH—STICTOCEPHALA. 139 dorsum consists of ten small spots, the inner ones among which are sometimes dissolved into dots, and moreover, on each side, of a row of spots, almost coalescent into an irregular longitudinal stripe, closely approximated to ‘the exterior margin; upon the ° pleure there are two irregular longitudinal stripes; the pectus itself is brownish-black without any paler pollen or paler picture. Abdomen with a whitish-gray pollen, with brownish-black dots and with four longitudinal rows of brownish-black spots, placed upon the anterior portion of the segments; between them, upon the middle of the third and fourth segments, there are two still ‘smaller spots upon the posterior portion of these segments. The first segment of the ovipositor is brownish-black, opaque, without any whitish-gray pollen and without picture. Feet brownish- black, sometimes only dark-brown in not fully colored specimens ; knees, a ring in the middle of the tibize and the tarsi clay-yellow ; usually the last three joints of the front tarsi and the last two on the posterior tarsi, are more or less infuscated. Halteres yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, rather whitish when viewed obliquely, their picture consisting partly of a black, partly of a clay-yellow or brownish-yellow coloring; there are four deep- black spots upon the costa; the first is composed of the incrassated humeral crossvein, and a short line, immediately beyond it, between the costa and the auxiliary vein, so that it has the shape of a fork, or almost of a ring; below the humeral crossvein, as well as below the small arcuate crossband, there are small black dots (one under each); the second deep-black spot on the ante- rior margin lies in the costal cell, but little beyond the end of the small basal cells; it is circular; between it and the third spot on the anterior margin, there is a small deep-black dot, placed at the end of the auxiliary vein; the third, likewise deep-black spot on the anterior margin, lies on the end of the subcostal cell and reaches the second longitudinal vein; the fourth spot on the anterior margin lies before the end of the marginal cell; inside of this cell it is deep-black, but turns beyond it into brown and further into yellowish-brown ; it ends in the middle between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, thus assuming the shape of a perpendicular crossband, which is broader at its anterior end. At the apex of the wing there is another black spot, which begins immediately beyond the termination of the second longitudinal vein and extends but little beyond the end of the fourth longitu. 140 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II. dinal vein. The posterior crossvein is covered by a brownish- black spot, which is especially expanded near the posterior margin and the anterior end of which is connected by an ochre-yellowish or somewhat brownish-yellow coloring with the third spot of the anterior margin, thus forming a complete crossband, somewhat expanded posteriorly and tinged with yellowish in the middle. Sometimes, however, the brown spot upon the posterior crossvein is somewhat more isolated from the yellowish coloring and extends in the direction of the half-crossband, formed by the fourth spot -on the anterior margin. This less common variety is the one described by Say, 1. c.; the ordinary picture is represented on’ Tab. VIII, f. 29, of the present volume. On the anterior side of the sixth longitudinal vein there are two black spots of only moderate size and rounded shape. Of them, the second only crosses that vein, gradually to fade away. Between the second costal spot and the second of the two spots of the sixth vein, there is a very large oval ochre-Yellowish or more brownish- ochreous spot; it reaches on one side as far as the posterior basal cell, and assumes within the marginal cell a rather dark-brown coloring. The veins of the wing are black or brownish-black inside of the picture, clay-yellow elsewhere. The third and fourth longitudinal veins converge towards their end a little more than in the preceding species. Hab. United States. Observation.—TI possess six female specimens and no male, but have seen the latter in other collections. It does not show any perceptible difference from the female, except in the sexual marks. Gen. IIL CALLOPISTRIA nov. gen. Charact.— General appearance almost Trypeta-like. Front exceedingly broad, with impressed punctures; cheeks com- paratively broad ; clypeus somewhat projecting over the edge of the mouth, sometimes withdrawn inside of the oral opening. Wings with an unusually convex posterior margin; posterior cross- vein very oblique, its anterior end much more approximated to the apex of the wing, than the posterior end; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a very long, acute lobe. The species upon which this genus is based, cannot well be placed’ in the genus Stictocephala on account of the remarkable difference in the outline of the wings as well as in the venation. ORTALIDA.—CALLOPISTRIA. 141 In other respects this species agrees with the preceding genus in the structure of the body; with S. corticalis and vau it even agrees in the coloring and the picture of the body, as well as in the bristle-like nature of the upper hairs on the sides of the front. I. C. ammulipes Mace. % 9.—(Tab. VIII, f. 27.) Fusco-nigra, albido-pollinosa, et punctis maculisque fusco-nigris variegata, tibiis tarsisque pallide lutescentibus, illis nigro-triannulatis, his apicem versus infuscatis; ale hyaline, maculis punctisque nigris confertim asperse. Brownish-black, with a whitish pollen, pictured with brownish-black spots and dots; tibie and tarsi pale-yellowish, the former with three black rings, the latter brown towards their end. Wings hyaline, densely covered with black spots and dots. Long. corp. % 0.14—0.15; ? 0.17; long. al. 0.16—0.18. Syn. Platystoma annulipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 121. The ground color of the body is brownish-black and opaque; the pollen, covering it, is whitjsh-gray. Head of the same color, covered, everywhere with brownish-black spots, moreover, dotted with brownish-black upon the front and the cheeks; upon the posterior orbit especially there is a conspicuous short row of brownish-black spots. Front very broad, perceptibly narrower anteriorly, where it is yellowish or yellowish-red. Eyes rather strongly projecting. Antenne brown, the first two joints and the larger part of the inner side of the third joint yellowish-brown, sometimes much paler. Thoracic dorsum with brownish-black dots, which coalesce into ill-defined, although regularly arranged, spots. Scutellum somewhat swollen, with four bristles, two brownish-black longitudinal stripes and two blackish-brown dots, upon which the lateral bristles are inserted. Pleure likewise with brownish-black dots and spots; the latter form two irregular and incomplete longitudinal stripes. Pectus brownish-black, with a brown, but little perceptible, pollen. Abdomen with brownish- black dots and regularly arranged spots; the first segment of the ovipositor is for the most part covered with a whitish-gray pollen and punctate with brownish-black. emora brownish-black, with a more or less distinct, broad, irregular ring, covered with gray pollen, and with black dots; the tip is pale-yellowish. Tibiz pale-yellowish with three regular brownish-black rings; the first near the basis, the last before the apex; tarsi of the same color as the tibiz, infuscated towards the tip. Halteres pale-yellowish. 142 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Wings of an unusual shape, on account of the great convexity of the posterior margin, hyaline, with black veins and numerous, partly only punctiform, partly rather large black spots of an irregular shape; the punctiform dots prevail in the middle, while the borders of the wing are principally occupied by larger spots, among which those along the posterior margin do not entirely reach the latter. The peculiarities of the venation are indicated above, among the generic characters. Hab. United States; very common. Observation.—I do not entertain the slightest doubt that Macquart’s Platystoma annulipes is the above-described species. His description agrees perfectly well, with the exception of the words: ‘‘face blanche, une petite tache ronde d’un noir luisant de chaque cote.” All my specimens have, on the sides of the face, or rather on the cheeks, nothing but brownish-black, opaque, irregular spots. Gen. IV. MWENNIS R. Desv. Charact.— General appearance: Trypeta-like. Third antennal joint oval; cheeks broad, clypeus small, projecting over the edge of the mouth. © Wings narrow in comparison to their length, a little more attenuated towards the apex; the first longitudinal vein beset with bristles upon the portion only, which forms the limit of the very long stigma; before this spot the first longitudinal vein appears almost bare, the pubescence being very short and delicate; the two poste- rior basal cells are comparatively large; the posterior angle of the anal cell is pointed ; the posterior end of both crossveins is nearer the apex of the wing than their anterior end, so that their position is a very oblique one. The genus Myennis was established by Rob. Desvoidy for Scatophaga fasciata Fab. As Trypeta scutellaris Wied. agrees with that species in the above-enumerated characters, we can, for the present, unhesitatingly refer it to Myennis. The peculiarity, however, of the Pterocallina, of showing considerable plastic dif- ferences almost from species to species, appears again in the two above-named species. In P. scutellaris Wied. the eyes are less round, the cheeks broader, the scutellum less swollen, the cross- veins less approximated, the longitudinal veins, instead of straight, somewhat undulated, and the third and fourth longitudinal veins, towards their end, not distinctly convergent, but parallel. ORTALID A—MYENNIS. 143 a. M. scutelliaris Wiep. % 9.—Cinerea, antennis flavis, pedibus ex fusco testaceis, thoracis margine laterali atro-maculato, scutello tumido ; ale anguste, hyaline, fasciola basali, fasciis duabus discoidalibus antice connatis, plagaque apicali ex nigro fuscis picte, preterea in cellulis marginali et submarginali maculis aliquot fuscis variegate. Var. % fascia discoidali secunda inter venas transversales late interrupta. Cinereous, with yellow antenne and brownish-yellow feet; the lateral margin of the thorax with black spots; the scutellum swollen; the narrow wings are hyaline; a small crossband at the basis, two cross- - bands, connected anteriorly, upon the middle of the wing and a large sput upon the apex, brownish-black ; moreover several brown spots in the marginal and submarginal cells. Var. % the second of the two bands upon the middle of the wing, is broadly interrupted in the middle. Long. corp. 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.17—0.18. Syx. Zrypeta scutellaris Wizpemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 484. Trypeta? scutellaris*Lozw, Monogr. of N. A. Dipt. I, p. 92. Tab. II, f. 26, 27. Very like a Trypeta in its general appearance. Head com- paratively high. The under side of the occiput rather tumid. Front yellow, of a medium breadth, long, its anterior margin rather projecting. Face somewhat retreating, a little excavated, infuscated inferiorly, covered with a pale-colored dust; antennal foveee hardly indicated. Eyes oval. Cheeks brown, very broad. Proboscis not perceptibly incrassated. Palpi short, but broad, of a dusky reddish-yellow; clypeus small and narrow. Antenne ochre-yellow; the third joint oval, altogether rounded at the end; arista rather long and bare; it is thin at the end, but gradually stouter towards the basis. The upper part of the thorax dark- gray from a thick dust; the ground color of the humeri more or less ferrnginous-yellow. Upon the lateral border of the thorax there is an irregular row of, for the most part contiguous, black spots; the largest among them is near the posterior corner; one is higher upon the upper part of the thorax than the others and near the transverse suture. The hairs and bristles are also placed upon very small, and but little perceptible, black dots. Scutellum with four bristles, rather turgid, of a shining dark-brown, with a clay-yellow median stripe; sometimes the clay-yellow color is more extended. Pleure blackish-brown, the posterior part yel- lowish-brown. Abdomen of the male cinereous; the penultimate segment shining-black, more thickly dusted towards the posterior 144 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 11, margin, and hence gray and opaque; the last segment is similar to the penultimate, only the dust on the posterior margin is less extended. The female has a blackish-gray abdomen (its color- ing, however, seems to have been unnaturally modified in the four specimens which I had for examination); at the basis of the last. three segments a darker coloring is perceptible, but it is not shining. The flattened, broad, yellowish-brown ovipositor is but very little attenuated towards its end. Feet brownish-yellow, the front femora at the basis, the four posterior ones near the apex, brown. The more maturely colored male has the greater part of the femora dark-brown, the first half of the tibize and a faded ring upon the middle of their second half, yellowish-brown. Wings comparatively long and narrow; the first longitudinal vein reaches far beyond the middle of the anterior margin and is beset with bristles along the side of the very long stigma only; the longitudinal veins have a very irregular undulated course; both crossveins have their anterior end nearer to the root of the wing, than the posterior end; their position is consequently a distinctly oblique one and both are slightly bisinuated; the third longitu- dinal vein is not beset with bristles.. Both small basal cells are rather large in size; the posterior angle of the anal cell is strongly pointed; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel towards their end. The stigma is brownish-black; a brownish- black picture is contiguous to it, which has almost the shape of an inverted V; it is formed by two crossbands which are coalescent in front; the first is broader and runs from the basis of the stigma over the basis of the discal and of the third poste- rior cells rather perpendicularly, almost reaching the posterior margin of the wing, while the narrower second band takes an oblique course over both crossveins, as far as the posterior margin; a short, but rather broad brownish-black crossband runs from the humeral crossvein as far as the basis of the anal cell; . upon the apex there is a very large blackish-brown spot, begin- ning at the end of the marginal cell and extending to the tip of the second posterior cell; in the submarginal cell, between this large spot and the preceding crossband, there is a brownish-black spot of a considerable size, which, however, is very variable in different specimens; the portion of the marginal cell situated between the stigma and the apical spot has blackish-brown, brownish and almost hyaline spots; a small spot of a much darker ORTALID AA—DASYMETOPA. 145 tinge lies near the anterior side of the second longitudinal vein, below the point of the stigma. The picture of the wings seems to be rather variable, the end of the exterior costal cell being sometimes blackish-brown, sometimes hyaline; the other dark spots are sometimes faded upon their middle, sometimes also less extended. Ina male in the Berlin Museum, the only specimen of that sex which I have seen, the crossband covering both cross- veins is broadly interrupted between them (compare the figure in Monographs, etc., Vol. I, Tab. II, f. 26). At first, I supposed this difference to be a sexual one, but I doubt this now, since I have had an opportunity of ascertaining the great*inconstancy of the picture of the wings of the female. Hab. Mexico. Observation.—The figures given in the Monographs, etc., Vol. I, Tab. II, f. 26, 27, are sufficiently correct as far as the picture of the wing is concerned, but the outline of the wing is not well rendered; they are represented as too broad in proportion to their length. SECOND DIVISION. ORTALIDE HAVING THE First LONGITUDINAL VEIN BARE. First Section: ULtpDINa. Gey. 1. DASYMETOPA Loew. Charact.—Front broad, narrower anteriorly, abundantly hairy on the whole surface, the hairs on its sides not longer. Antenne rather short, third joint elongated-oval, with a thin, bare arista. Face not excavated, descending vertically; clypeus projecting over the border of the mouth; opening of the mouth not large; proboscis but little thickened. Thorax bristly on its hind part only; scutellum with a rather even surface and with four bristles. Wings broader than those of the related genera; stigma of a very conspicuous size; posterior crossvein oblique, its anterior end being much nearer the apex of the wing than the posterior; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly bent forward; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a point. The general appearance of the species of this genus is very much like that of Trypeta; the coloring of the species at present 10 146 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. known is not metallic. The peculiar venation distinguishes these species from all the others of the present group. ‘The typical species is D. lutulenta Loew (Berl. EKntom. Zeitschr. XI, 285; Tab. II, fig. 1), from Surinam. No Dasymetope from North America are as yet known. Gen. II. OEDOPA Loew. Charact.—Head conspicuously large; front unusually broad; ocelli on the edge of the vertex, very closely approximated. Antenne very short and very distant from each other; third joint rounded, with a thin, bare arista; frontal fissure running in an almost straight line from antenna to antenna; no frontal lunule. Face broad, somewhat convex, with a small excavation under each antenna; its lateral portions conspicuously broad, distinctly separated from the middle portion. Eyes rather round, but somewhat broader than high, comparatively small, hardly reaching the middle of the height of the head ; hence, the cheeks unusually broad. Clypeus not horseshoe-shaped and thus surrounding the proboscis, but lobiform, connate with the anterior edge of the comparatively small oral opening ; proboscis small. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum flat, with four bristles. Wings: the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its tip, is somewhat curved forward and thus convergent towards the third vein; posterior crossvein curved in the shape of an S; poste- rior angle of the anal cell drawn out in an elongated point. The body appears very bare on account of the sparseness and shortness of the hairs, as well as of the shortness of the bristles. The structure of the head resembles somewhat that of some South Asiatic Ortalidx, while similar American forms have, before now, not been known. — 1. O. capito Lozew. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 1-3.) Albicans, fascia frontis tenui, thoracisque vittis nigris, in supero faciei margine maculis atris tribus, lateralibus ovatis, media didyma. Whitish; front with a black transverse band, thorax with black longitu- dinal stripes; the upper margin of the face with three deep black spots ; the lateral ones oval, the middle one double. Long. corp. 0.18—0.25; long. al. 0.15—0.22. Syn. Ocedopa capito Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 287, Tab. II, f. 2. Head yellowish-white, only the middle of the occiput somewhat blackish; the ocelli are placed upon a punctiform black dot; the ORTALIDA—OEDOPA. i 147 very broad front has, somewhat below its middle, a narrow, gently curved, blackish crossband, above which the single, rather sparse hairs are inserted in small, somewhat darker colored pits; this is not the case below the crossband; uo stripes run from the vertex down along the orbits of the eyes. Antenne yellow, the place of insertion of the arista infuscated or blackened ; between the eye and the antenna there is, on each side, a transversely- oval, velvet-black spot; between the antenne and next to the frontal fissure is another velvet-black transverse spot; which consists of two small semi-oval transverse dots. The face, including the clypeus and the very broad cheeks, is more whitish than the front; the cheeks with a very delicate, easily rubbed off, whitish down. Eyes during life with two narrow crossbands, which are sometimes perceptible even in dry specimens. Palpi yellow, with delicate, pale hairs. Thorax and scutellum whitish- yellow; the dorsum of the thorax with six parallel, blackish longitudinal stripes; the two intermediate ones extend also over the flat scutellum. Pleure with three blackish longitudinal stripes, the upper one of which occupies the border between the dorsum and the pleura; quite downwards, moreover, there is a stripe-shaped black spot, which, however, seems to be produced by the rubbing off of the dust on the upper part of the pectus. Abdomen flat and rather narrow, whitish in consequence of the very dense dust which covers it; the ground color, however, is blackish, except the posterior part of the last segment in the female; the short, black hairs are inserted on small black dots, which are so closely approximated in the vicinity of the lateral border that they appear confluent, as irregular longitudinal spots; the last segment of the abdomen of the male is very much elongated; the first segment of the female ovipositor is attenuated towards its end, otherwise it looks like the remainder of the abdomen; its punctuation, however, is much closer and finer; its adaptation to the abdomen is so close, that it might easily be taken for the last abdominal segment, especially when, as often happens, the black second and the yellowish third joint of the ovipositor are altogether withdrawn into it. Feet yellowish with whitish dust; the posterior femora generally with a blackish spot, on the under side before the tip; all the tibie with two black rings, the upper one of which is narrower and usually interrupted on the upper side of the tibia; fore tarsi blackened beyond the 148 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. tip of the first joint; the other tarsi blackened to a smaller extent. Halteres yellowish-white. Wings rather hyaline, of a dirty whitish tinge; the second and the next following longitudinal veins, as well as the crossveins which connect them, are black ; the other veins yellowish; stigma small, of the same coloring as the rest of the wing; the picture of the wing consists of five brown spots with somewhat paler nuclei; three of them are in the marginal cell, near the anterior margin: the first, which like the second is oblique, is placed at the tip of the first longitudinal vein; the last is at the end of the marginal cell; beyond this is the fourth, a transverse spot in the submarginal cell, immediately uncer the tip of the second longitudinal vein; and again under the latter is the last spot, which is rounded and placed in the first posterior cell. The last three spots have the appearance of a narrow, very much shortened transverse band, which appearance is more distinct in those specimens, in which these spots are somewhat larger than usual. The small crossvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell, but before the tip of the first longitudinal vein. . Hab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden). Gen. III]. NOTOGRAMMA Loew. Charact.—Front of an equal, rather considerable breadth, scrobiculate. Antenne rather long; third joint elongated, with a thin, bare arista. Face very short, the anterior edge of the mouth very much drawn upwards ; clypeus considerably projecting over it. ‘Thorax with bristles on its hind portion only; scutellum flat, with sharp edges. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; second half of the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein very much bent forward; posterior crossvein perpendicular; auxiliary vein unusually short, and hence, the narrow stigma very long. I. N. stigma Fas. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 5.) Nigro-chalybea, thorace lineis alternantibus nigris et lete virescentibus variegato, alarum limbo costali maculisque parvis nigris. Blackish-steelblue, thorax with lines, showing alternately a blackish and a pale-green reflection; wings with the anterior margin bordered with black, and with small black spots. Long. corp. 0.11—0.16; long. al. 0.1. Syn. Musca stigma Fasrictvs, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 563, 72. Musca stigma Fasrictus, Syst. Antl. p. 303, 96. Dacus obtu us Fasricivs, Syst. Antl. p. 278, 30. ORTALIDA —NOTOGRAMMA. 149 Ulidia stigma WiEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 565, 1. Notogrumma cimiciformis Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. XI, p. 289, Tab. Il, fig. 3. Head: rather disciform. Front reddish-brown, scrobicuiate, remarkably hairy; the rather conspicuous stripes, descending from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes, and the elongated ocellar triangle are steel-bluish, shining; the ocelli are placed near the edge of the vertex, and are approximated to each other. The first two antennal joints brownish-black; the elongated third joint brownish-brickred, brown towards the tip. Face and clypeus metallic blackish-green, but little tinged with blue. The dorsum of the thorax has numerous black longitudinal stripes, which are separated by finer lines, having a metallic, light-green reflection and traced as if with a trembling hand. Pleure metallic blackish-steelblue, strongly tinged with greenish; above the fore coxe with a large spot, covered with white pollen; from this place to the suture which runs down from the root of the wings, the pleure are covered with deep-black, punctiform dots, upon which single hairs are inserted. Scutellum rather large, flat, sharp-edged, metallic greenish-black, but rather dusky. Abdomen shining, blackish-steelblue; the first segment of the flat- tened ovipositor is of the same color, and attenuated towards its end. Feet black; tarsi brick-red, the foremost ones from the tip of the first joint, the four posterior ones from the tip of the second joint, brownish-black; the hind tibiz somewhat compressed. Halteres dirty-yellow. Wings comparatively short, rather hya- line, with conspicuous, black veins; the costal and marginal cells have an altogether black coloring, which forms a border along the apex of the wing, extending from the tip of the marginal cell across that of the submarginal and of the first posterior cells; it becomes less intense here; in the submarginal cel], above the small crossvein, there is a black dot and farther towards the apex a small, triangular black spot; between the two again a black lon- gitudinal line, which extends as far as the triangular spot; the picture in the first posterior cell is a similar one, only the first black dot is wanting and the two other black spots are somewhat more approximated to the apex of the wing; in the discal cell there are also two black spots, the smaller one before, the larger one beyond its middle; the second posterior cell is marked in the 150 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. middle with a punctiform black dot;' finally, in the third cell, not far beyond the fifth longitudinal vein, there are two successive punctiform blackish spots; the small crossvein is in the middle of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is straight. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Observation.—The accurate knowledge which Wiedemann had of Fabricius’s collection enables us to admit his authority as to the synonymy of Dacus obtusus Fab. with Musca stigma Fab. Wiedemann had a large number of specimens of Musca stigma (which he placed in the genus Ulidia) for comparison, and it is upon the ground of this comparison that he affirmed that the presence or absence of a pale spot upon the black border of the — costa does not constitute a specific character. We can therefore safely accept the synonymy of Musca stigma Fab. with Noto- gramma cimiciformis Loew, the latter being the variety in which the pale spot is wanting. Gen. IV. EUPHARA Loew. Charact.—Front of an equal, moderate breadth; scrobiculate, coarsely hairy. Antenne almost more than of medium length; third joint elongated, with a thin, bare arista. Face excavated; clypeus projecting. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum convex, with four bristles. Wings: Posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein parallel to the third; the small crossvein rather cattle to the posterior crossvein; the latter perpendicular. The principal characters which distinguish this genus from the following one, to which it stands nearest, are the shorter and not attenuated stigma and the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudinal veins. Moreover, all the species of this genus seem to have black crossbands on the wings, while in those of the next following genus only the costal cell, the stigma, and the apex of the wing are blackened. The typical species is Cerowxys coerulea Macq. (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. III, p. 62, Tab. VII, f. 6), from Brazil, again described by me as Euphara coerulea (Berl. Ent. en ERPS PES.) ii) Lot alt MR ce ' It is inadvertently omitted in the figure; the spots in the next cell likewise are but very feebly marked. ORTALID4.—ACROSTICTA. 15] Zeitschr. XI, p. 291, Tab. II, f. 4; the figure of the wing is re- produced in the present volume, Tab. 1X, f. 4). I have not seen any North American Huphare yet. Gen. V. ACROSTICTA Loew. Charact.—Front of an equal, moderate breadth, scrobiculate, rather coarsely hairy. Antenne rather short; the third joint elongate-ovate, with a thin, bare arista. Face excavated, clypeus projecting. Thoraz with bristles on its hind part only; scutel/lum convex, with four bristles. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out ina point; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third longitudinal vein ; posterior crossvein perpendicular; stigma narrow and very long. The difference between this genus and the preceding has been mentioned under the head of the latter. The characters which distinguish Acrosticta from Huxesta are: the elongated shape of the third antennal joint, the front, which is marked with pits, the stouter proboscis and the very long, narrow stigma. The picture of the wings resembles that of the species of Seoptera, except that the somewhat turgid front of the latter shows no. vestige of pits and the face is not transversely excavated, but carinate. As typical species may be considered either A. scrobiculata Loew (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XJ, p. 293, Tab. II, f. 5) or A. foveolata Loew (ibid. p. 294), both from Brazil. No North American species is as yet known. Gen. VI. SEOPTERA Kirpsy. Charact.—Front of equal breadth, somewhat elevated, with very short hairs. Antenne rather long, the broad third joint elongate-oval, with a thin, bare arista. Face carinate, clypeus projecting. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum convex, with four bristles. Wings comparatively long; the posterior angle of the anal cell pointed ; the very long last section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third vein. Feet somewhat longer and more slender than those of the related genera. 152 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. . [PART III. Kirby called this genus Sezoptera. Following the usual rule of latinization, I modified the name to Seoptera: Later, Rob. Desvoidy called this genus Myodina; this name, however, cannot supersede the older one of Kirby, which, moreover, characterizes very well the peculiar habit of the species belonging here. 1. S. colom Lorw. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 6.) Nigra, nitida, fronte rufa, autennis et facie ex rufo flavis, alarum macula apicali triangula et cellule costalis basi nigris, stigmate subfusco. Shining black, front red, antennz and face reddish-yellow ; a triangular _ spot on the apex of the wing and the basis of the costal cell black; stigma brownish. Long. corp. 0.19—0.21; long. al. 0.19—0.22. Syn. Seoptera colon Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 296, Tab. II, f. 6. Of a shining black, somewhat bluish-black color; the abdomen more glossy than shining. Front of a fiery red, opaque, along the orbit of the eyes with a delicate line, powdered with white pollen. Antenne yellowish-red; the third, elongate-oval joint is rather broad. Face and clypeus brilliant reddish-yellow, the latter often, the former seldom, tinged with chestnut-brownish. On the dorsum of the thorax there are two: narrow lines of whitish pollen, which extend beyond its middle; they are easily overlooked, although very distinct in well-preserved specimens. Feet black, the tips of the femora and tibiz and the basis of the hind tarsi have a reddish-brown tinge, even in specimens of the darkest coloring ; in lighter specimens this coloring is brownish- brickred, and extends not only over the greater part of the tibie and the hind tarsi, but is also perceptible at the root of the fore tarsi. Halteres pale-yellowish. Wings hyaline; costa, auxiliary vein, and first longitudinal vein black; the other veins much paler, generally yellowish when seen in a reflected light. The costal cell blackened as far as the humeral crossvein; the stigma, as well as the whole subcostal cell, at the end of which it is placed, brownish; at the apex of the wing there is a triangular black spot, which covers the extreme tip of the marginal cell as well as the tip. of the submarginal cell, and crosses a little beyond the third longitudinal vein. The small crossvein is nearly under the middle of the stigma, but beyond the middle of the discal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is particularly long, straight, gradually converging towards the third; the anal cell is ORTALIDA—EUXESTA., 153 broad and has a sharp posterior angle, although it is hardly drawn out in a point. Hab. New York (Osten-Sacken) ; Illinois (Kennicott). Observation 1.—This species, as far as I know, is undescribed, although not absolutely new, because Wiedemann, as his collec- tion shows, received it from Say under the name of Ortalis colon. Harris, in his Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, also has O. colon, which is undoubtedly the same species. I preserved the name which Say gave it, although I do not find it described in his works. Observation 2.—Seoptera colon is so exceedingly like the Kuropean S. vibrans Lin., that as long as I had only indifferently preserved specimens of it, I took it for the latter species. Although the differences are only slight, they are so constant that the specific distinctness of the two species cannot be called in doubt. The front of S. colon is somewhat broader than that of S. vibrans; the two whitish stripes of the thorax in S. colon, although but little apparent, can easily be traced beyond the middle of the dorsum, while in S. vibrans it is not without difficulty that their anterior end alone can be perceived. The abdomen of S. colon is always less shining, and its blackish color more bluish, while S. vibrans has it more blackish-green. The costal cell of S. colon is blackish as far and even a little beyond the humeral crossvein; in S. vibrans this cell is entirely hyaline as far as its extreme basis; the stigma of §. colon is brownish, that of S. vibrans black or brownish-black ; finally the black spot at the tip of the wings is somewhat different in both species; that portion of it which crosses the third longitudinal vein is of more equal breadth in S. colon, whereas it becomes more narrow towards the margin of the wing in S. vibrans. Gen. VII. EUXEST A Loew. Charact.—Front of equal, medium breadth, even, rather coarsely hairy. Antenne short, the third joint almost round or rounded-oval, with a thin, bare arista. Face more or less excavated, clypeus projecting. Thorax with bristles on the hind part only ; scutel/um convex. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third; posterior crossvein perpendicular, 1o4 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [ PARa wae. The general appearance of the species belonging here is not unlike Zrypeta. Legs short. The coloring is metallic; the black picture of the wings consists either of some large spots along the anterior margin or of crossbands. The plastic charac- ters of the species do not afford any features for their satisfactory distribution into groups; for this reason the following three groups are merely based upon the picture of the wings. Ist Group. Wings with spots along the anterior margin. i. E. spoliata Lozw.—(Tab. IX, f. 7.) Viridis, capite pedibusque flavis, extremo femorum apice fusco, tibiis anticis fere totis, reliquarum apice tarsisque inde ab articuli primi apice nigris, alarum stigmate nigro, macula subapicali nigricante. Green, head and feet yellow, the extreme tip of the femora brown, fore tibize almost entirely, the tips of the four posterior tibize and the tarsi, from the tip of the first joint, black; wings with a black stigma and with a blackish spot immediately before the tip. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.12—0.13. Syn. Huzesta spoliata Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 298, Tab. II, f. 7. Metallic-green, shining; the color of the scutellum and of the anterior segments of the abdomen is somewhat more bluish-green. Head yellow; the upper part of the occiput is blackish-green ; front ferruginous-yellow; the swellings descending from the vertex along the orbit of the eyes and the immediate vicinity of the ocelli is metallic greenish-blue. Antenne of a dark ferrugi- nous-yellow; third joint round. Face shorter than in most of the other species. Clypeus yellow, protruding considerably beyond the anterior border of the mouth, although projecting but little in profile. Feet yellow; all the femora distinctly infus- cated at the extreme tip; fore tibie rather stout, brownish-black, before the middle with an incomplete yellow ring; the interme- diate tibize are blackened at the extreme tip only, the hind tibie also at the tip, but to a greater extent; the first joint of the hind. tarsi is yellow, except the tip; the following joints are black (the intermediate and hind tarsi are wanting in the described speci- men). Halteres yellowish. Wings pure hyaline with pale clay- yellow veins; extreme root of wings pale yellowish; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is but very slightly arcuated, but converges in its whole length towards the third vein, its tip thus approaching very near this vein; stigma blackened ; ORTALIDH/—EUXESTA. ta5 immediately before the tip of the wing there is a blackish spot, which reaches from the anterior margin to the third longitudinal vein and covers the extreme end of the marginal cell; the extreme end of the submarginal cell is not covered by it. It may be that, in more fully colored individuals, this spot is darker. Hab. Cuba (Riehl). 2. E. pusio Loew; 9.—(Tab. IX, f. &.) Viridis vel ex chalybeo viridis, thoracis dorsoalbido-pollinoso, pedibus piceo-nigris, genibus, tibiarum apice tarsisque totis luteis, alarum stigmate et macula suba- picali nigris. Green or bluish-green ; dorsum of the thorax covered with a white pollen; feet piceous-black; knees, tips of the tibiz and the whole of the tarsi of a dirty-yellow; wings with a black stigma and a black spot imme- diately before the apex. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.13. Syn. Husxesta pusio Lozw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 299, Tab. II, f. 8. Metallic bluish-green; thorax and scutellum rather opaque, in consequence of a comparatively dense white pollen; abdomen shining; its first segment of a dirty-yellow towards its sides. The very broad first segment of the flattened ovipositor is almost as long as two-thirds of the abdomen. Head of a reddish-brick color; the sides of the front, the frontal lunule, the face, including the clypeus and the cheeks, are covered with a rather dense, white pollen. The black hairs on the front are not conspicuous. Antenne brownish-ferruginous, or rusty-brown ; third joint round. Face rather short, considerably excavated; clypeus but little projecting beyond the opening of the mouth. Occiput appa- rently altogether metallic-black, but the ground color is very much concealed by a thick whitish pollen. Feet piceous black; the second joint of the cox, the knees, almost the whole latter half of the tibiae and the whole tarsi dirty-yellow or brick-red. Halteres whitish-yellow. Wings somewhat whitish hyaline, the veins pale; stigma of a blackish color, which, on its first half, extends as far as the middle of the marginal cell; immediately before the apex of the wing there is a black spot, extending from the anterior border as far as a little beyond the third longitudinal vein, the tip of the marginal cell is also covered by it, that of the submarginal cell, however, is not; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein in its whole course, converges towards the third and comes very near it at its tip; it is not perceptibly arcuate. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). 156 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. 3. E. notata Wier. % 92.—(Tab. IX, fig. 9.) Chalybeo-nigra, abdomine feminz fascia apicali flava ornato, pedibus nigris, genibus, tarsorumque basi rufis, alarum maculis duabus nigris, alter costali minuta, alteré apicali trigona, cellule costalis basi et stigmate cinereis. Bluish-black, abdomen of the female with a yellow crossband at the tip, feet black, knees and the root of all the tarsi red; wings with a small black dot in the middle of the costa and with a larger triangular spot at the tip; basis of the costal cell and stigma gray. Long. corp. 0.1o— 0.16; long. al. 0.15. Syn. Ortalis notata Wiep. Auss. Zweifl. I, p. 462, 9. Euzesta notata Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 300, Tab. II, f. 9. Of a blackish-steelblue, generally verging on green-blue, often with a violet hue on the middle of the abdomen; rather shining. Front of a saturate yellowish-red, sometimes almost yellowish- brown; with a whitish pollen along the lateral orbit of the eyes ; the black hairs are scattered and not conspicuous; the swellings running from the vertex downwards, along the borders of the eyes, generally also the immediate vicinity of the ocelli are shining bluish-black or black. Antenne brown, ferruginous-red at the basis, which color is more extended on the inner side; third joint rounded. The very considerably excavated face, together with the rather projecting clypeus are bluish-black, very shining; the upper portion rather densely pollinose, and hence opaque, the ground color not being distinctly visible ; the lateral swellings of the face are tinged with brownish-red and thinly whitish pollinose. The female has the latter part of the last abdominal segment, as well as the basis of the ovipositor of a saturate yellow color; in the male, I have never observed any trace of this yellow coloring. The first segment of the very much flattened ovipositor is of a very moderate breadth, brownish-black, but with a more or less distinct coppery-red reflection. Feet black, femora in part metallic-black or bluish-black ; knees and the root of all the tarsi brick-red, on the front tarsi this red generally reaches only as far as the middle of the first joint, on the hind tarsi as far as the tip, on the intermediate ones as far as the basis of the next joint. Knob of halteres yellowish; stem generally infuscated. Wings hyaline with rather dark veins; at the tip of the costal cell there is a small black dot, which extends posteriorly as far as the second longitudinal vein; at the apex of the wing there is a larger triangular black spot, occupying the end of the sub- ORTALID A—EUXESTA. 157 marginal cell and crossing to a small extent the third longitudinal vein, but being exactly limited by this vein near the apex of the wing; the costal cell is tinged with brownish-gray as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein; the stigma has the same color, but this is sometimes more blackened, especially towards its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges in its whole caurse towards the third vein and approaches it con- siderably towards its end; shows, however, hardly any perceptible curvature; the fifth longitudinal vein does not quite reach the margin of the wing. Hab. District of Columbia, New York, Illinois, Connecticut (Osten-Sacken).' Observation.—Wiedemann gives a description of the male of this species which might easily lead to the conclusion that he had before him a species different from the one I have just described. According to his statement, the male has, on the posterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment, a saturate yellow cross- band. But as Wiedemann’s collection contains as Ortalis notata the very species which I described under this name and as, among a considerable number of males which I have before me, not a single one is provided with such a crossband, I am compelled to come to the conclusion that Wiedemann mistook the sex of the specimen from which he drew his description; he may have had before him a female the ovipositor of which was bent under the abdomen. 4. E. nitidiventris n. sp. ¢.—Nigro-viridis, nitida, abdomine feminz toto eneo-viridi et nitidissimo, pedibus gilvis, tibiis anticis totis posterioribusque adversus apicem infuscatis, tarsis adversus apicem fusco-nigris, alarum maculis duabus nigris, altera costali minuta, altera apicali trigon4, cellule costalis basi lutea, stigmate ex luteo cinereo. Shining black-green, the entire abdomen of the female metallic-green, very shining. Feet saturate yellow, the entire fore tibiz and the posterior ones towards their tip, infuscated ; tarsi brownish-black towards the tip; wings with a small black dot on the middle of the costa and with a larger triangular spot at the apex of the wing; basis of the costal cell clay-yellow; stigma yellowish-gray. Long. corp. 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15. 2 EEE Pe ee eee esse PENNS PE nn Nk NP SESS 1 Mr. Riley gaye me a male specimen of E. notata which he bred from the pulp of an osage-orange (Maclura).—9. 8. 108 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. -Dark-green, shining, the abdomen altogether of a vivid metallic green, very shining. The femora of a saturate dark-yellow; this coloring changes into brownish on the fore tibize from the very basis, on the posterior tibize farther down; the fore tarsi are saturate yellow at the basis as far as the tip of the first joint, the posterior tarsi nearly as far as the end of the second joint, beyond this 'the tarsi are brownish-black. The basis of the costal cell is clay-yellow, or pale ferruginous-yellow, as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein; the stigma is yellowish-gray. In all other respects this species is so very like E. notata, that oné would be inclined to take it for a mere variety of coloring, unless the much lighter coloring of the feet, combined with the darker coloring of the much more shining abdomen, proved the contrary. Hab. Texas (Belfrage). 5. E.costalis Fas. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 10.) Nigro-chalybea, pedibus nigris, genibus tarsorumque basi rufis, alarum maculis duabus magnis, altera costali, altera apicali, nigris. Blackish-steelblue, feet black, knees and roots of the tarsi red; wings with two large black spots, the first in the middle of the costa, the second at the apex of the wing. Long. gorp. 0.15; long. al. 0.15. Syn. Musca costalis Fas. Ent. Syst. IV, p. 360, 196. Dacus costalis Fas. Ent. Syst. Antl. p. 278, 25. Dacus aculeatus Fas. Syst. Antl. p. 275, 14. Ortalis costalis WiEp. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 464, 13. Euzesta costalis Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 301, Tab. II, f. 10. Very like both preceding species, but easily distinguished by the narrower front, the absence of a yellow crossband at the end of the abdomen of the female, the perceptibly larger size of the black spot on the middle of the anterior margin of the wings, the altogether black stigma and the course of the fifth longitudinal vein, which reaches the margin of the wing. Blackish-blue, shining; the head brick-red or of a rusty-red; front anteriorly - of a more saturate coloring, narrow, somewhat whitish pollinose on.the orbit of the eye; the hairs upon it are rather sparse and not at all conspicuous; the stripes, descending from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the immediate surroundings of the ocelli are steel-blue, shining. Occiput blackish, its lower portion and a spot back of the region of the ocelli, brick-red. Antenne brick-red or more yellowish-red ; third joint rounded- ORTALID#—EUXESTA. 159 oval, generally somewhat infuscated on the outer side, towards the tip. The larger portion of the rather excavated face shows a steel-blue, shining color, which is but little concealed by the whitish pollen; the projecting clypeus also has a steel-blue reflection. The first joint of the flattened, black ovipositor is of moderate breadth. Feet pitch-black, femora almost bluish-black, knees and basis of all the tarsi brick-red. Halteres of a dirty- whitish or yellowish color. Wings hyaline, almost grayish, with very dark veins; the root of the wings up to the humeral cross- vein and a little beyond, blackish; the whole stigma, as well as the tip of the costal cell and a spot connected with the latter and reaching as far as the fourth vein, are black; at the apex of the wing there is a large, triangular black spot, covering the tip of the marginal and the end of the submarginal cell, and, more- over, crossing to a considerable extent the third longitudinal vein, so that its posterior limit is not far from the fourth longitu- dinal vein and runs parallel to it. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is only very gently curved and converges towards the third in its whole course, approaching the latter considerably towards its end. Hab. West Indies (coll. Wied.). G. E. qguaternaria Lozrw. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 11.) Nigro-violacea, dimidio apicali abdominis flavo, alarnm maculis costalibus quatuor nigris. Blackish-violet, second half of the abdomen yellow; wings with four spots along the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.12—0.14; long. al. 0.13—0.14. Syn. Euxesta quaternaria Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, 302, Tab. II, f. 11. Blackish-violet, the middle of the thoracic dorsum, a large portion of the pleure and the sides of the abdomen often more blackish-blue. Front rather narrow, ferruginous, along the orbits of the eyes with a very delicate border of white pollen and with coarse black hairs; the little stripes, running from the vertex down the sides of the front are blackish, but hardly shining. Antenne ferruginous-brown, more reddish at the basis, sometimes of a lighter coloring; the third joint is rounded. Face, including the but little projecting clypeus and the cheeks brownish-red, less excavated than in most of the other species. Occiput for the most part black. Thoracic dorsum with a thin covering of whitish-gray pollen, and hence but little shining ; more so on its “ . J 160 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 111, sides; the pleure likewise are rather shining. The anterior part of the abdomen of a metallic dark-violet hue; the apical half yellow, sometimes with a dark stripe in the middle. The first segment of the very much flattened ovipositor rather broad and long, black, usually with a bronze reflection. Feet black, only the extreme tip of the femora reddish-brown and the basis of all the tarsi brick-red. - Halteres yellowish, the stem usually infus- cated. Wings hyaline, with four black spots on the anterior margin; the first among these spots, placed on and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein, extends as far as the basis of the anal cell, so that the extreme root of the wing itself is hyaline; the second spot, covering the tip of the costal cell and the very short stigma, with the exception of its extreme end, runs perpen- dicularly and preserves the same breadth, as far down as the fourth longitudinal vein, beyond which it is still perceptible as a blackish-gray shadow; the third black spot lies opposite the posterior crossvein, is of an elongated triangular shape, and reaches with its tip as far as midway between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, the fourth spot has an irregularly rounded shape and lies quite near the apex of the wing; it covers the extreme end of the marginal cell and the end of the submarginal with the exception of its extreme tip; on its poste- rior side (that is the side which is nearer the basis of the wing) it crosses the third longitudinal vein; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, which is distinctly, although not strongly, curved, converges in its whole course towards the third longitu- dinal vein, without approaching it more, however, than in the several preceding species. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). 2d Group. Wings with two, very much abbreviated, crossbands. % E. binotata Lorw. 4 .—(Tab. IX, f. 12.) Nigro-chalybea, capite, lateribus segmentorum abdominalium primi et secundi femoribusque luteis, tibiis tarsisque fusco-nigris, alarum fasciis duabus postice valde abbreviatis nigris. Dark steel-blue, the head, the sides of the first two abdominal segments and the femora yellow; the tibie and tarsi brownish-black; wings with two very much abbreviated black bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.13. Syn. Euresta binotata Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 304, Tub. II, f. 12. ORTALID®—EUXESTA. 161 Head dark-yellow; front rather broad, with a very narrow border of white pollen; the hairs upon the front are not con- spicuous. The stripes descending from the vertex along the sides of the front and the immediate surroundings of the ocelli are steel-bluish, somewhat shining. Antenne dark-yellow; their third joint rather round. Face rather excavated, with a white pollen which is less dense in the vicinity of the anterior border of the mouth, and from under which a faint steel-blue reflection is still visible. Clypeus but moderately projecting over the anterior ‘edge of the mouth, generally of a dark-yellow color, seldom with a faint trace of a steel-blue reflection. The upper portion of the occiput, with the exception of a large spot behind the vertex, is -steel-blue, with a whitish pollen. Thorax steel-bluish, with a rather whitish pollen and hence but moderately shining. Scutel- lum, metathorax and abdomen bright, shining, almost metallic black ; the sides of the first and second segments of the abdo- men have a yellow coloring, which, however, usually does not reach the posterior margin of these segments and sometimes is more expanded in the middle. Front coxe and femora dark- yellow; tibiz, with the exception of the extreme basis, and the tarsi brownish-black. Halteres whitish with a dirty-brownish stem. Wings hyaline; immediately beyond the humeral cross- vein there is a small black spot, which extends, in the shape of a crossband, as far as the root of the anal cell; the rather long stigma is black; from its basis a black crossband extends in a somewhat oblique direction as far as the middle of the discal cell ; immediately before the apex of the wing, another black perpendicu- lar crossband is situated ; anteriorly it is somewhat widened, poste- riorly it crosses the fourth longitudinal vein, the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is moderately but distinctly curved, and converges with the third longitudinal more in its latter half than in its first. The intervals between the black crossbands of the wings of this species, as in most of the others, by transmitted light assume a rather indistinct white coloring, in a similar light, however, the apex of the wings of this species assumes a very striking whitish coloring. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Bl 162 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. ip ta 3d Group. Wings with four crossbands. 8 E.annone Fas. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 13.) Nigro-chalybea, fasciis alarum nigris quatuor, secunda postice abbreviata et reliquis paulo latiori. Dark steel-blue; wings with four black bands, the second of which is abbreviated posteriorly and is somewhat broader than the others. Long. corp. 0.14—0.15 ; long. al. 0.14—0.15. Syn. Musca annone Fas. Ent. Syst. 358, 189. Tephritis annone Kas. Syst. Antl. 1V, p. 320, 19. Ortalis annone Wierp. Auss. Zweifl, II, p. 463, 11. Urophora quadrivittata Maca. Suites, II, p. 456, 5. Euxesta annone Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 305, Tab. II, f. 13. Head brick-red; .the little stripes running down from the vertex and the region of the ocelli steel-blue, rather shining; the larger portion of the occiput blackish, with a grayish-white pollen. The front is of only moderate breadth; the hairs upon it are strikingly coarse, more dense upon the pollinose lateral borders, scarce upon-the remainder of the surface. Antenne brick-red, third joint rounded-oval, towards its end brownish and more so on its outer than on its inner side. The face is very moderately excavated; the clypeus moderately projecting, both with a steel- blue reflection and a white pollen. Thorax of a very dark color, verging sometimes on green, sometimes more on steel-blue or violet, and always covered with a rather dense whitish pollen. The scutellum is of a still more dark violet-black color, and less polli- nose. The abdomen is of a metallic, but very dark bluish-black or violet-black color. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor is generally still darker. Fore coxe, with the exception of their basis and the tip of the hind coxe, brownish-brickred, the former with a white pollen. Femora black; the first pair, and generally also the last, more metallic-black; all are brownish-brickred at the tip; tibise blackish-brown; dark brick-red at the tip and often also at the extreme root; tarsi brick-red at the basis, blackish- brown towards the tip. Halteres clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with four black crossbands. The first lies upon and a little beyond the humeral crossvein and reaches the hasis of the anal cell; the second begins at the anterior margin with the but moderately long, black stigma and the blackened extreme tip of the costal cell; it is perpendicular and reaches beyond the fifth ORTALIDA—EUXESTA. | 163 longitudinal vein, without, however, reaching the margin of the wing; the small crossvein lies exactly upon its external limit; the internal one is always sinuate in the vicinity of the fifth longitudinal vein; the third and fourth bands are connected at the anterior margin in such a manner, that the hyaline space between them reaches either exactly as far as the second longi- tudinal vein, or goes very little beyond this vein; the third band, which is nearly straight and rather perpendicular, runs over the posterior crossvein and almost reaches the posterior margin of the wing; the fourth crossband is of considerable breadth, reaches as far as the fourth longitudinal vein and is continued even beyond it, in the shape of a gray shadow; the second half of the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very gently curved anteriorly, so that it converges towards the third longitu- dinal vein, without approaching it, however, to any considerable extent. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). 9. E. Thomee Lorw. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 14.) Late chalybea, niti- dissima, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor subintegris, ultimis tribus latis. Bright steel-blue, very shining; wings with four: black crossbands, the last three of which are broad. Long. corp. 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0.14 —0.15. Syn. #. Thome Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 306, Tab. II, f. 14. Very like the preceding species, although very probably a distinct one, notwithstanding the great resemblance in all the plastic characters. The differences are the following: the whole coloring of the body is of a lighter and more brilliant steel-blue, which often verges on violet in the middle of the abdomen. The thoracic dorsum is much less pollinose. The second crossband of the wings is broader, approaches more the posterior margin of the wings, and is not sinuate on its inner side in the vicinity of the fifth longitudinal vein. The third crossband is much broader than in Z. annone, especially its anterior portion; the fourth band crosses the fourth longitudinal vein a little, or else the gray shadow beyond the end of this vein is somewhat darker. Hab. St. Thomas (Westermann). 10. E. abdominalis Lorw. % 9.—(Tab. 1X, f. 15.) Chalybeo- nigra, abdominis basi sordide lutea, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor integris, ultimis duabus ad costam anguste cohezrentibus. 164 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Bluish-black, with a dirty-yellow basis of the abdomen; wings with four complete black crossbands, the last two of which are connected by a narrow stripe at the costa. Long. corp. 0.12—0.14; long. al. 0.12— 0.14. Syn. Euxesta abdominalis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 307, Tab. II, f. 15. Head brick-red or brownish-brickred; the small stripes run- ning down from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the surroundings of the ocelli, are steel-blue, shining; almost the whole occiput is black, with a grayish-white bloom. Front rather narrow ; rather dense and conspicuously coarse hairs upon the lateral borders, which are covered with white pollen; the hairs upon the remainder of the surface are very scarce. Antenne brownish-brickred, or brick-red; in the latter case the rounded- oval last joint is more or less infuscated towards its end. The face is moderately excavated, usually for the most part with a shining steel-blue reflection ; its white bloom is very thin along the edge of the mouth. Clypeus only moderately projecting, with a more or less distinct steel-blue reflection on the sides. Thorax of a shining, blackish-steelblue color, which usually verges some- what on green upon its dorsum. Scutellum and metathorax still darker greenish-black, not pollinose. Abdomen more greenish- black than bluish-, or metallic-black, at the basis always dirty clay-yellow. The coloring of the first segment of the flattened ovipositor is the same as that of the abdomen, or a more purely black one. Fore coxe, at the tip at least, brownish-brickred, with white pollen; femora black, more or less metalescent, with a brownish-brickred tip; tibiz blackish-brown, only the extreme tip reddish-brown; tarsi reddish-brown at the root, otherwise blackish-brown. Halteres whitish or yellowish. Wings with four not abbreviated black crossbands. The first is broader than in the two preceding species, but is likewise placed upon and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein, and extends as far as the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at the ante- rior margin with the black tip of the costal cell and the black stigma; it is rather broad and gradually expands in approaching the posterior margin so that, at this place, its breadth exceeds considerably that of the other bands; the small crossvein lies exactly upon its outer margin. The third band likewise, which runs over the posterior crossvein, has a considerable breadth and a very perpendicular position. The fourth band runs along the \ Jeu ih ORTALIDH—EUXESTA. 165 apex of the wing; it is also rather broad and reaches beyond the fourth longitudinal vein; its connection with the third band near the costa is rather narrow, so that the hyaline space, inclosed between them, almost reaches the costa anteriorly. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is gently arcuate and slightly converges in its latter half towards the third longitudinal vein (the figure does not give this quite correctly). Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Observation.—The Museum at Vienna contains a couple of specimens taken in Cuba by Péppig, which differ, however, by their distinctly smaller size, as well as by a somewhat different picture on the wings; ali the four black bands are dissolved into oval black spots, covering the veins, the portions of the bands lying inside of the cells are crossed in the middle by gray stripes. A closer examination, however, proves conclusively that these Specimens are incompletely colored ones of H. abdominalis. The small size is probably due to the greater contraction in drying of these unripe specimens. Al. E. altermans Loew. 4 .—(Tab. IX, f. 16.) Obscure chalybea, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor integris, omnibus separatis, tertia reliquis tnulto angustiore. Dark steel-blue, wings with four complete black crossbands, entirely sepa- rate from each other; the third much narrower than the others. Long. corp. 0.13; long. al. 0.13. Syn. Euxesta alternans Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 308, Tab. II, f. 16. Head brick-red or brownish-brickred; the little stripes running down from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes, as well as the surroundings of the ocelli, of a shining steel-blue; the whole occiput blackish, with a whitish pollen. Front rather narrow, with coarse hairs which are more dense on the somewhat whitish, pollinose, lateral borders and more sparse on the remaining surface. Antenne brick-red or yellowish-red, the third joint oval. Face very much excavated ; with the exception of its lower, con- siderably projecting, portion, it has a steel-blue reflection, but is so thickly covered with a white pollen, that the bluish ground- color is but little apparent. Clypeus rather strongly pro- jecting, brownish-brickred, sometimes with a steel-blue reflection on the sides. Thorax and scutellum of a rather dark, steel-blue color, which turns somewhat to greenish-blue on the thoracic 166 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART UI. dorsum; the latter is but little pollinose; Abdomen darker steel-blue, shining, especially on the sides. Feet black; the knees and the first joint of the intermediate tarsi brick-red, the first joint of the hind tarsi brown or reddish-brown towards the basis. Halteres yellowish-white. Wings with four black unconnected bands. The first of them lies, as in the preceding species, on and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein and reaches the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at the black stigma and runs, expanding somewhat, as far as the posterior margin, in the vicinity of which it gradually becomes fainter; the third band is narrow, perpendicular, and covers the posterior crossvein ; the fourth runs along the apex of the wing, is even broader than the second and completely isolated from the third; beyond the fourth longitudinal vein, it becomes very faint. The last section of the fourth vein is rather strongly curved and its latter portion converges towards the third vein. Hab. Brazil? Cuba? (Vienna Museum). Observation.—The description is drawn from a male specimen in the Vienna Museum, labelled: Mann, Toscana 1846. As I have seen the same species, in other collections, marked as Brazilian, I take the designation of the Vienna Museum to be erroneous. I am confirmed in this supposition by the fact that next to the above-mentioned specimen is placed another, a female, pinned on the same kind of pin and labelled in the same manner, which, however, is a specimen of JL. stigmatias, received hitherto from Cuba and Brazil only. Thus it appears evident that both specimens were sent by the same collector, pro- bably from the same country; and as ZL. stigmatias is a common species in Cuba, the conclusion is not too far fetched that both specimens came from that island. This is the reason why I did not like to omit H. alternans in this volume. 12. E. stigmatias Lorw. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 17.) Nigro-viridis, macula atra inter antennas sita insignis, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor, ultimis duabus ad costam conjunctis. Blackish-green, conspicuous by a deep black spot between the antenna, wings with four black bands, the last two of which are connected near the costa. Long. corp. 0.13—0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15. Syn. Euzesta stigmatias Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 310, Tab. II, f. 18. Head dark metallic-green or almost steel-blue. Front of a dusky-red; the little stripes running down from the vertex along ORTALIDA—EUXESTA. por the orbits of the eyes, as well as the well-defined ocellar triangle, - shining steel-blue. The lateral border of the front shining aud generally with a rather distinct steel-blue reflection ; immediately above each antenna, a trace of a small swelling is discernible. The hairs on the front are not conspicuous, moderately dense on the sides, very scarce on the remaining surface. ‘The first two joints of the antenne brownish-black, the rounded-oval third joint reddish-yellow from the basis as far as the arista, more brownish beyond it. Face very much excavated, shining steel- blue, with a whitish pollen on its upper part only; above this, just between the antenne, is a conspicuous, velvet-black spot. Clypeus very much projecting, shining, steel blue, pollinose on the margins only. The rather broad orbital circles of the eyes brick-red below, at the lower corner of the eyes. Thorax dark metallic-green, somewhat verging on steel-blue; the dorsum with a very thin gray pollen. Scutellum blackish-green. Abdomen of the same color as the thorax, but darker, often with a stronger steel-blue reflection; the last abdominal segments of the male sometimes more bronze-colored. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor metallic-black. Feet black; the tips of the knees and the basis of all the tarsi brownish-brickred. Halteres white-yellowish. Wings with four black crossbands. The first lies, as in several other species, on and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein and extends as far as the basis of the anal cell. The second band, which is rather broad, begins at the costa with the blackish end of the costal cell and the black stigma; it is generally very much fainter beyond the fourth longitudinal vein and disappears entirely between the fifth vein and the posterior margin of the wing; the small crossvein lies almost exactly upon the outer margin of this band. The third band, which is per- pendicular, runs over the posterior crossvein and reaches the posterior margin of the wing almost completely; it is broader anteriorly than posteriorly, and is connected with the fourth band on the inside of the marginal cell, so that the hyaline interval | between these bands extends exactly as far as the second longi- tudinal vein. The fourth band, lving along the apex of the wing, is also rather broad and extends as far as the fourth longitudinal vein. The last section of the fourth vein is distinctly curved and in its second half converges towards the third longitudinal vein. Hab, Cuba (Gundlach) ;* Brazil (coll. Winthem). 168 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. 18. E. eluta Lorw. § 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 18.) Nigro-viridis, sub-. chalybescens, macula atra inter antennas sita insignis, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor, secunda latissima sed maxima ex parte valde eluta, tertiad et quarta in cellula costali per maculam hyalinam separatis. Blackish-green, verging on steel-blue, conspicuous by a deep black spot lying between the antenne; wings with four black bands, the second of which is the broadest, but, for the most part, very pale; the third and fourth are separated by a byaline spot, lying in the costal cell. Long. corp. 0.14-0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15. Syn. Euxesta e/uta Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 312, Tab. II, f. 19. Front red or brownish-red; the little stripes, descending from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the well-defined ocellar triangle, are shining steel-blue; the hairs on the front are not striking, moderately dense on the but slightly pollinose lateral borders; otherwise very scarce. Occiput blackish-steelblue, with a grayish-white bloom. Antenne ferruginous-brown or reddish- brown, more brick-red at the basis of the third joint; sometimes the second joint has the same coloring. Face rather excavated, generally steel-blue, or at least reddish along the anterior edge of the mouth only; in some rare cases it has a light steel-blue reflection on its upper part, the remainder brick-red; exactly be- tween the antenne is a conspicuous velvety-black spot; clypeus but little projecting beyond the edge of the mouth, reddish-brown, with a steel-blue reflection; the orbits of the eyes brick-red or brownish-red near the lower corner of the eye. Thorax dark metallic-green; in less mature specimens greenish steel-blue. Thoracic dorsum only slightly pollinose. Scutellum more black- ish-green or blackish-blue. The color of the abdomen is not unlike that of the thorax, but is darker and verges on bluish; its middle sometimes almost violet; the last segments of the male abdomen sometimes bronze-colored. Front coxe, except the root, brick-red, with white pollen. Feet black, the tips of the knees and the root of all the tarsi brick-red; the tip of the middle tibie likewise is generally brick-red; sometimes the extreme tip of the front tibia shows a brick-red coloring. Hal- teres yellowish-white. Wings with four black crossbands. The first lies upon and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein and extends to the extreme basis of the anal cell; it is rather narrow and often pallid. The second crossband is of con- siderable breadth, begins near the costa with the infuscated tip of the costal cell and the black stigma; but beyond the third, ORTALIDE—CH ETOPSIS. 169 . or the fourth Jongitudinal vein it is so very faint that it extends to the posterior margin of the wing in the shape of a gray shadow ; the small crossvein lies, when the band is not too pale, almost exactly upon its external margin. The third band passes over the posterior crossvein, is narrow and generally rather pale, except in the vicinity of the anterior margin; towards the poste- rior end of the crossvein it almost disappears; from the fourth band it is separated by a rather large, whitish-hyaline spot in the marginal cell; behind the second longitudinal vein fully colored specimens have, on the outer side of this third band a rather distinct gray shadow, between which and the fourth band only a narrow, whitish hyaline interval remains, from which, however, the above-mentioned hyaline spot near the costa is completely isolated. The fourth band, which lies along the apex of the wing, extends as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, or else it crosses it in the shape of a gray shadow. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is rather strongly curved and convergent towards the third vein. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Gen. VIII. CHAETOPSIS Loew. Charact.—Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower towards the vertex, with a row of bristly hairs on the lateral border; the remaining surface not hairy. Antenne rather short; third joint very little excised on the upper side, with a sharp anterior corner and a thin, bare arista. Face but moderately excavated; clypeus but little projecting over the ‘ anterior border of the mouth. Thorax with bristles on its posterior part only; clypeus convex, with four bristles. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its end, but very little convergent with the third vein; posterior crossvein perpen- dicular. The species known to me are conspicuous for the striking length of the bristles, inserted on the posterior part of the thorax and on the scutellum. Their coloring is metallic; the wings are adorned with well-defined black crossbands. They cannot well be confounded with the species of the preceding genus, on account of their greater slenderness, and more especially, on account of the different shape of the third antennal joint and of the front, which is hairy on its lateral borders only. From the two next following 170 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [parr III, genera, which likewise have the third antennal joint with a sharp anterior angle, the species of the present genus are sufficiently distinguished by their less slender shape and the different structure of the anal cell, not to mention other characters. , 1. C. enea Wisp. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 19.) Viridis, antennis fusco- nigris, basi tamen articuli tertii luted, alis trifasciatis. Metallic-green ; antenne brownish-black, the basis of the third joint yel- low; wings with three bands. Long. corp. 0,16—0.18; long. al. 0.17 —0.18. Syn. Ortalis enea Wiep. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 462, 8. Ortalis trifasciata Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, p. 184, 3. Urophora fulvifrons Maca. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 125, Tab. VI, f. 9. Chetopsis enea Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 315, Tab. II, f. 21. Trypeta (Aciura) enea v. d. Wulp, ee voor Ent. 1867, p. 137, Tab. V, f. 12—14. Front red, on each side with a broad band, which is covered with white pollen. The ocelli rather far distant from the edge of the vertex; the region of the ocelli, as well as the little stripes descending from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes are blackish-green, only very little shining. Frontal lunule with white pollen. Antenne rather short; the first two joints brown, the second sometimes in part brownish-yellow; the third joint rather broad, very little excised on the upper side, always with a sharp anterior angle, brownish-black, reddish-yellow at the basis. Face only little excavated, steel-bluish, but rather opaque on account of a whitish pollen; the edge of the mouth usually brick-red. The clypeus has but a small transverse diameter and is but little projecting over the anterior edge of the mouth. Thorax and scutellum shining metallic-green, upon the dorsum with a trace of a white bloom. Abdomen of the same color, or somewhat more bronze-green, the last joints of the male abdomen generally blackish-green. With less mature individuals the coloring of thorax and abdomen is more bluish-green, and at the basis of the latter an unmetallic, dirty-yellow coloring may be seen. The coloring of the feet is variable; in some specimens they are altogether pale-yellow, only a little darker at the tip of the tarsi; as this occurs in those specimens which have the basis of the abdomen yellow, one might almost be led to the conclusion that they form a distinct species; however, the absolute similarity of all the other characters renders this conclusion very improba- ° ORTALIDH—CH ZTOPSIS. 171 ble; darker specimens have the color of the feet more brownish- yellow, the root of the front coxe and the tip of the tarsi dark- brown; the femora of such specimens often show conspicuous black, metallic-green longitudinal stripes; the darkest specimens have the whole basal half of the femora, and even more, of this black coloring, while the tibiz also are partly infuscated. Halteres yellowish-white. Wings with three brownish-black bands; the veins are black upon these bands, but ochre-yellow elsewhere, which gives the whole basal part of the wing an ochre-yellowish tinge. The first band begins at the costa with a short black stigma, is perpendicular and rather dark, as far as the fourth longitudinal vein and even beyond; the remainder of the band, as far as the posterior margin of the wing, is usually very faint; the small crossvein is a little beyond the margin of this band; the second band runs over the posterior crossvein and is perpendicular and rather broad; its posterior end is very pale; with the third band it is generally connected only by a dark border along the costa; sometimes, however, this border becomes broader and extends in some specimens as far as the second longitudinal vein. The third band, running along the apex, is likewise rather broad, extends as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, and even beyond it, in the shape of a gray shadow. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, beyond its middle, converges towards the third; near its tip, however, this conver- gency becomes again much less. Hab. United States, rather common (Osten-Sacken) ; Louisiana (Schaum) Cuba (Gundlach). Observation 1.—The comparison of the types in Wiedemann’s collection do not allow any doubt about the determination of this species; they belong to the variety of a paler, but not of thie palest, coloring. Say’s good description of Ortalis trifasciata refers to the variety with dark feet. That Macquart’s Urophora fulvifrons belongs here seems certain; that he placed the species in the genus Urophora is no objection, because he did the same with several Ortalidx; the figure of the wing, which he gives, is incorrect, as the comparison of the description shows; the latter proves conclusively that the second crossvein on the middle of the wing is an arbitrary addition; it seems that Macquart drew the small crossvein correctly on the extreme limit of the first cross- band; later, however, in finishing his figure, he noticed that in 172 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PaRT IL consequence of the very exaggerated breadth of the interval between the first and second bands, the position of the small crossvein with regard to the posterior one had become altogether distorted, and in order to correct this, he may have drawn the small crossvein a second time, at a correct distance from the large one. Mr. Van der Wulp has erroneously taken Chatopsis enea for a Trypeta and, supposing it a new species, accidentally de- scribed it under the same specific name. Observation 2.—The Urophora xnea Macq. (Suites, ete., Dipt. II, p. 458, 13), may be a synonym of the present species, although I do not consider this as certain. The figure of the wing, as given in Dipt. Exot. II, 3, Tab. XXX, f. 7, shows at the basis of the wing an extensive and very conspicuous black spot, of which there is no vestige in C. enea. It seems certain that Urophora znea Macq. is a species belonging to the present group of Ortalide. 2. C. debilis Loew. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 20.) Viridi-chalybea, antennis totis pedibusque flavis, alis trifasciatis. Greenish-blue; the entire antenne and the feet yellow; wings with three bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.11. Syn. Chetopsis debilis Louw. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 318, Tab. II, f. 22. Very like the preceding species, but smaller; the white bloom forming a border on both sides of the front is comparatively a little broader ; it has a single row of four bristles upon it, whereas in the preceding species these hairs are much more numerous. The antenne are altogether yellow and their third joint upon its upper side is somewhat more excised. The stigma is compara- tively smaller; the three bands have the same position, but are Jess pale towards the posterior margin; the last two are entirely separated from each other, which is very seldom the case with Chetopsis xnea; the last section of the fourth vein is much more straight and shows only a vestige of a slight convergency towards the third longitudinal vein. The coloring of the described speci- men is not green, but greenish steel-blue; of a dirty-yellowish at the basis of the abdomen; but as it isa rather immature specimen, these differences cannot have much weight. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor is comparatively long. Hab, Cuba (Gundlach) ra rs ORTALIDH—STENOMYIA. 1738 Gen. IX. HWPOECTA Loew. Charact.—Front of an equal, rather considerable breadth, somewhat pro- jecting when viewed in profile; delicately hairy on the sides only. Antenne short; third joint very much excised on the upper side, with a very sharp anterior corner and with a thin, bare arista. Face not excavated, somewhat retreating on the under side; clypeus rudimentary, not projecting over the edge of the mouth, of a very small transverse diameter. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scute//um convex, with four bristles. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell pointed, open; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges somewhat tewards the third; the posterior crossvein perpendicular. The species of this genus are considerably more slender than the species of Chetopsis and their shape is somewhat more like that of Humetopia. The third antennal joint, the shape of which reminds one of Cerowys, the not excavated face, the rudimentary clypeus and the open anal cell, are easy to recognize. The Ovipositor is conspicuously broad, and so closely joined to the abdomen that it may be easily mistaken for its last segment. The typical species is H. longula Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsehr. XI, p. 319, Tab. II, f. 23, from Santos (in Brazil). No North American species are as yet known. Gen. X. STENOMYVIA Loew. Charact.—Front of equal breadth, somewhat projecting in profile, hairy on the sides; upon the remaining surface with two longer hairs only. Antenne rather short, third joint hardly excised upon the upper side, but with a sharp anterior angle; arista thin and bare. Face not excavated, somewhat retreating, with a slight depression under each antenna; gently convex between these depressions ; clypeus of moderate transverse diameter, somewhat projecting over the border of the mouth. Thorax with bristles on its posterior part only. Wings comparatively long; posterior angle of the anal cell sharp, but not pointed, last section of the fourth longitudinal vein about double the length of the preceding section, gently converging towards the third longitudinal vein; posterior crossvein rather perpendicular, The striking slenderness of the narrow body and the metallic coloring, are points of resemblance between the species of this genus and those of Humetopia; the picture of the wings is like- 174 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. wise a similar one. The former are at once distinguished, how- ever, by the front, which is not conically projecting. They are characterized also by the shape of the wings and the vena- tion, which it will be easier to understand from the figure than from a description. 1. S. temuis Lorw. 4 .—(Tab. IX, f. 21.) Chalybeo-viridis, pedibus nigris, basi tarsorum rufa; alis cinereis, stigmate et plaga permagna apicali nigris. Greenish-steelblue, the feet black, the root of the tarsi red; the grayish wings have a black stigma and a large black spot at the apex. Long. corp. 0.14; long. al. 0.13. Syn. Stenomyia tenuis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p- 321, Tab. II, f. 24. Front brown, almost black above, rather hairy along the orbits of the eyes, upon the remaining surface only with two more elongated hairs; the little stripes running down from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the ocellar triangle are dark bluish-green, shining. Antenne black; the second joint at its upper corner to a certain extent dirty-whitish; third joint rather broad, upon the upper side hardly excised, but with a sharp anterior corner. Face somewhat retreating, with a distinct depression under each antenna, longitudinally convex along its middle, dark steel-blue, shining, but on its upper half with a thin, whitish bloom. Clypeus of a very moderate transverse diameter, but distinctly projecting over the upper border of the mouth, deep steel-blue and shining. Palpi black. Eyes large and rather round, their horizontal diameter, however, is a little larger than the vertical one. Cheeks narrow. Thorax dusky blue-green, rather shining, scutellum greenish-black, but little shining, with an entirely even upper side. The narrow and long abdomen has the same coloring as the thorax; however, towards its extremity 't gradually becomes more black and opaque. Feet black; femora and tibize with metallic, dark bluish-green reflections; the extreme tips of the tibiz and the root of the tarsi are dark brick- red, the remainder of the feet brownish-black. Halteres whitish. Wings long and narrow, grayish, the root and a rather large spot immediately behind the stigma lighter; the rather small, narrow stigma is of a black color, which extends below it as far as the second longitudinal vein; the last third of the wings, beginning at the costa as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, is tinged with ORTALIDA—EUMETOPIA. 175 blackish ; this color, at its inner border, between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, is very pale, and extends sometimes as a gray shadow even beyond the fourth vein; the first, second, third, and fifth longitudinal veins are conspicuous for their stout- ness and black color; the basis of the second vein and the portion of it lying in the clear spot beyond the stigma, are of a paler color and less stout. The small crossvein is immediately below or but little beyond the end of the stigma; but always beyond the middle of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is perpendicular ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is conspicuous for its great length and converges gently towards the third; anal cell with a sharp angle, which is not, however, drawn out in a point. Hab. Georgia. Gen. XI. EUMETOPIA Maca. Charact.—Front very much projecting anteriorly, so that the head, seen in profile, appears conical; upon its sides and its anterior part it is sparsely beset with short, not erect, hairs. Antenne of middle size; third joint oval, with a bare arista. Face unusually retreating, almost horizontal, below each antenna distinctly excavated: and with a small ridge between these impres- sions; clypeus small, but distinctly projecting over the anterior edge of the mouth. Wings narrow and rather long; stigma very narrow, posterior angle of the anal cell acute; the last section of the fourth vein somewhat converging towards the third near the tip. The species of this genus are always bare, very slender and have a metallic coloring; moreover, they are easily distinguished by the extraordinary projection of their foreheads and the conical profile of their heads; the picture of their wings only consists in a more or less extended black spot on the apex. 1. E. rufipes Maco. %.—(Tab. IX, f. 22.) Viridis, pedibus luteis ; alarum apice nigro. Green, feet dark-yellow; wings with a blackish apex. Long. corp. 0.2; long. al. 0.13. Syn. Eumetopia rufipes Maca. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, p. §8, Tab. VI, f. 2. Eumetopia rufipes Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 322, Tab. II, f. 25. Front reddish-brown, often-very dark, the projecting portion on both sides of a lighter coloring ; moreover, both sides of the front have a white, pollinose margin; the sides and the anterior 176 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 111. portion bear some scattered, short, neither numerous nor erect hairs ; the little stripes running down from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and ocellar triangie are of a shining metallic- green; the latter is somewhat distant from the vertex. Antenne rather deep black; face and clypeus moderately shining, bluish- black; the lower orbit, however, reddish-brown, with a narrow white border. Palpi and proboscis dark-yellow. The thorax, the moderately convex scutellum, and the abdomen shining metallic-green; the latter, however, becomes more opaque and darker towards its end. The fore coxe altogether, the second joint of the posterior ones and the feet of a rather dark, saturate yellow coloring, but by no means red; the front tarsi altogether and the tip of the posterior ones brownish-black. Wings narrow, somewhat grayish-hyaline; the veins are tinged with yellow at the basis and in the proximity of the anterior margin, as far as the black spot on the apex; this gives to those parts of the wings a yellowish coloring; the other veins are blackish; a large brownish-black spot on the apex of the wing occupies almost one- quarter of the length of the wing and extends beyond the fourth longitudinal vein. The small and narrow stigma is yellowish. The small crossvein generally lieS only a little beyond the end of the stigma and very little beyond the middle of the discal cell ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is perceptibly longer than the interval between both crossveins, and gently. con- verges near its end towards the third vein; the posterior cross- © vein is always perpendicular; the posterior angle of the anal cell acute. Hab. United States, not rare (Osten-Sacken). 2. E. waripes Loew. ?.—(Tab. IX, f. 23.) Viridis, femoribus nigris, genibus tibiisque luteis, alarum apice nigro. Green, femora black, knees and tibie yellow: wings with a blackish apex. Long. corp. 0.25; long. al. 0.12. Syn. EHumetopia varipes Lorw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. IX, p. 181. Eumetopia varipes Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 323, Tah, IT, f. 26. Very like Z#. rufipes, but easily distinguished on account of the different coloring of the feet. Front almost black. The palpi of the only specimen in my possession seem to be yellowish- brown. Scutellum more flattened than that of ZH. rufipes. Coxe and femora black with a bluish-green metallic reflection; ORTALIDA—CONICEPS. Vi the tip of the femora and the tibiz clay-yellow, the latter some- times brownish-yellow; tarsi brown, the posterior ones paler at the basis. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor black. The wings of the same outline as those of H. rufipes, but the veins at the basis and in the vicinity of the anterior margin less yellow; the small crossvein is far beyond the middle of the discal cell, and hence it is less distant from the posterior crossvein ; the fifth longitudinal vein is interrupted at a somewhat greater distance from the posterior margin of the wing and the last section of the fourth vein converges a little more towards the third; the blackish spot at the apex of the wing is perceptibly larger, so that it occupies more than one-fourth of the length of the wing. All the rest as in H. rufipes. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Second Section: RICHARDINA. Gen. I. CONICEPS nov. gen. Charact.—Head in shape like a long, somewhat flattened cone; Front rather broad, eyes rather distant from the posterior edge of the head ; their horizontal diameter somewhat longer than the vertical one. The first two antennal joints short, the third elongated and of equal breadth, arista bare. The metathoracic bristle indicated only by a hardly perceptible little hair; prothoracic bristle not extant. Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen slender and elongated. Femora not incrassated, unarmed; the under side of the hind ones with some rather stiff bristles. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell abbreviated; crossveins not - approximated; the smaller one on the middle of the discal cell ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel. The present genus is very like Humetopia on account of its narrow, elongated shape and its strongly projecting front. I place it here in order to bring it as near as possible to Humetopia, although I am far from considering it as a typical genus of the group Richardina. It is distinguished from Humetopia not only by the abbreviated angle of the anal cell, but also by the still more projecting forehead, by the somewhat turgid, cushion- shaped occiput, and by the comparatively shorter, but broader wings. 12 178 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART 111, H. C. migern.sp. % 9-.—Modice nitens, niger, halteribus concoloribus, coxis pedibusque luteis, alis cinereis, adversus costam et apicem nigris. Moderately shining, black, with the halteres of the same color; coxe# and feet dark-yellow; wings gray, tinged with black along the anterior margin and towards the apex. Long. corp. 4% 0.15; 9 cum terebra 0.21; long. al. § 0.11; 9 0.13. Black, moderately shining, beset with short, unconspicuous, black hairs. The bristles on the sides of the vertex of medium length. Antenne deep black; third joint comparatively long, of equal breadth, rounded at the end; the bare arista of medium length, perceptibly stouter towards the basis; the parts of the mouth comparatively small and rather hidden. Abdomen long and narrow, of almost equal breadth. The first segment of the ovipositor, at the basis, has the same breadth as the posterior margin of the last abdominal segment; it is but little narrowed towards its end; it is clothed with a black pubescence which, although by no means long, is nevertheless rather conspicuous ; in some specimens its sides are turned upwards, so that it appears narrower towards its end than it really is; the second and third joints of the ovipositor are generally retracted within the first, which might produce the impression that the species is a new form of Micropezide; when they are projecting, both prove to be comparatively rather broad and the third ends in a short, but sharp point. Coxe and feet are of a dark yellow color; the tarsi are infuscated towards the tip; the hind femora with some stiff bristles of moderate length on their under side, which, however, do not resemble spines. MHalteres blackish. Wings gray with black veins; the apex of the wings blackened and the costa with a black border, beginning at the tip of the costal cell. ; Hab. Texas (Belfrage). Gen. II. RICHARDIA Ros. DEsv. Charact.—Front of most species rather broad ; ocelli not far from the edge of the vertex; the anterior one more distant from the posterior ones than these from each other; in the males of several species the head is very much expanded transversely, as in the species of Achias. Arista pubescent, or short-feathery. Mesothoracic and prothoracic bristles present, although weak. Scutellum with four bristles; metathorax steep. Abdomen narrow, still more narrowed towards the basis. Front femora only moderately incrassated; the intermediate ones not ORTALIDA—CYRTOMETOPA. 179 at all; the hind femora very much incrassated, beset with spines on the under side. Wings: the crossveins approximated to each other; the third longi- tudinal vein towards its tip is more or less curved backwards; the third and fourth veins, for this reason, appear convergent; posteriur angle of the anal cell obtuse. The characters distinguishing this genus, which is peculiar to America, are as follows: the rather equally narrow abdomen; the unarmed front and middle femora; the very much incrassated hind femora, the under side of which is beset with spines; finally, the crossveins being approximated to each other. The rather coarse hairs upon the feet of most species of fiichardia look somewhat like spines at the further end of the under side of the front and middle femora; although I have not observed any real spines upon the under side of the four anterior femora in any of the species which I have examined. The mention of the presence of the prothoracic and mesotho- racic bristle has been introduced among the characters of this and of the following genera, wherever I was able todo so. But, as in several cases I had only a single, perhaps not particularly well-preserved, specimen for comparison, or one in which this character could not very well be ascertained, the statement about the absence of one of these bristles is not to be taken too strictly until further confirmation. ‘The typical species is the well-known Richardia podagrica Fabr., from South America. Gen. II. CYRTOMETOPA nov. gen. Charact.—Front broad, very much projecting in profile. Arista pubescent. Femora strong, although not exactly incrassated ; all are beset with spines. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse; crossveins not approxi- mated to each other; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein con- verges very much towards the tip of the third vein. The typical species is the Odontomera ferruginea Macquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 215), in which, with tolerable certainty, I recognize an American species. 3 The Odontomera maculipennis Macquart (Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I), from Columbia, probably belongs to the genus Celometopia. I have drawn the characters of this genus, as far as it was 180 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. possible, from Macquart’s statements. The characters which prevent me from uniting this genus with the following are: the front, very much projecting in profile, the much shorter and. stronger femora, the wings, which are not attenuated towards their basis, and the strong convergency of the third and fourth longitu- dinal veins. If the auxiliary vein is really as far distant from the first longitudinal as Macquart’s figure shows it, this would furnish one distinctive character more. Gen. IV. STENOMACRA nov. gen. Charact.— General shape almost like Sepsis. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly. Ocelli closely approximated to each other, almost in the middle of the front. Antennal arista with a very distinct pubescence. No mesothoracic and, to all appearances, no prothoracic bristle. Scutellum with two bristles ; metathorax sloping. Abdomen narrow, almost pedunculate. Feet slender, femora not incrassated, the intermediate ones attenuated towards the end; the hind femora a little longer than the middle ones; all are beset with spines towards the tip. Wings rather large, very much attenuated towards the basis; poste- rior angle rounded off; the auxiliary vein very much approximated to the first longitudinal, coalescing with it at the tip; the second longitudinal reaches the margin of the wing far from the apex; the small crossvein is far before the middle of the discal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein almost parallel to the third vein; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse. a. SS. Guerimi Bic. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 25., Rufescens, pleuris, scutello, metanoto abdominisque basi nigris; ale hyaline, strigula subbasali et macula magna apicali nigris. - Reddish, pleurez, scutellum, metathorax and the basis of the abdomen black; wings hyaline with a little black streak at the basis and a large black spot at the apex. Long. corp. 0.20; long. al. 0.20—0.22. Syn. Sepsis Guérini Bicor, De la Sagra, Hist. fisica, etc., p. 822, Tab. XX, f. 9. Ferruginous-red, rather shining, the upper part of the occiput, as well as the region of the vertex and the little stripes running down from it upon the front, sometimes shining black, almost metallic. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly ; the bristles of the vertex long; the bristle in front of them, inserted upon the little stripe, is likewise long, removed to almost the middle of the front. The ocelli, near which the ordinary two ORTALID H—STENOMACRA. 181 bristles are placed, are likewise removed to about the middle of the front and are close to each other. Antenne descending to the edge of the mouth; the first two joints yellow; the third more or less infuscated; the arista with a very distinct, somewhat rare, pubescence. Face of the Dacus-like shape, peculiar among the Richardina; proboscis and palpi sometimes of a dirty reddish-yellow, sometimes more brownish-ferruginous. The thoracic dorsum somewhat ferruginous; only very dark specimens have it black; the hairs upon it are placed in four distinct longitudinal rows, the intermediate ones being very closely approximated. Scutellum convex, with two bristles, black ferruginous on the sides in very pale-colored specimens only. Pleure, with the exception of the humeral region, as well as the whole metathorax, black. The basis of the abdomen is black to a greater or less extent; in rare specimens only does this color reach the posterior margin of the rather considerably elongated first abdominal segment; in some specimens, however, this color extends to the very end of the abdomen, or, at least, turns here into blackish-brown. The ovipositor, which is longer than the last three abdominal segments taken together, is usually black or blackish-brown ; its upper side is excavated (at least in dry specimens), and its under side convex, and hence, it is less flat- tened than in the other genera of the Richardina. Coxe pale- yellow. Front feet pale-yellowish; the tibiz towards the basis and the tarsi, beginning from the second joint, infuscated ; femora not incrassated, beset with a few, but rather strong, spines on the under side towards its end. The anterior half of the middle femora dark-brown and somewhat incrassated ; the posterior half thin and dark-yellow; the greater part of the under side sparsely spinose ; middle tibiz dark-brown, in most specimens, gradually becoming yellow towards the tip; tarsi yellowish, brownish towards the tip. Hind femora not incrassated, whitish, the last third brown- ish-yellow, brownish towards the tip; both shades separated by an oblique brownish-black ring; hind tibiz and tarsi as in the intermediate pair of feet. Wings very much attenuated towards the basis, hyaline; their anal angle not projecting at all; from the tip of the costal cell.a narrow black streak extends over the incrassated point, where the third longitudinal vein originates and over the crossveins, closing the little cells at the basis of the wing; the apex of the wing is occupied by a large black spot, 182 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. which runs from the anterior to the posterior margin, but is very much diluted beyond the fourth longitudinal vein. The second longitudinal vein is gently curved forward and ends some distance from the tip; the small crossvein is before the middle of the discal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is almost parallel to the third vein; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded. } Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Observation.—Through the kindness of Dr. Gundlach, who sent me the specimens, I have been informed of the identity of this species with the one described by Bigot. I have not suc- ceeded yet in comparing De la Sagra’s work, which contains the description, and I draw the attention of those, to whom this work is accessible, to the fact, that among the Cuban species described by me, one or the other may have been previously described by Mr. Bigot in that volume. Gen. V. SYNTACES nov. gen. Charact.—Front moderately broad, broader above (according to Macquart’s statement, his figure, on the contrary, shows a front narrower above). Antennal arista pubescent. Feet slender; all the femora thin and all armed. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell rectangular; crossveins not approximated; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein only moderately convergent with the third. The typical species is Setellia apicalis from Brazil, described by Macquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 249). As I have not seen this species, I have borrowed the generic characters from that author’s description and figure, which gives these characters a somewhat uncertain basis. The close relationship to the next following genus is, in my opinion, evident; still, it does not seem advisable to unite them, as, in the present genus, the front femora are weaker and armed with less conspicuous spines; as the hind feet are much less elongated in comparison to the front feet; as the posterior angle of the anal cell is not obtuse, but rectangular, and as the second longitudinal vein has no stump of a vein upon it; nevertheless it is not impossible that the examination of a specimen would. lead to a different conclusion from that which seems warranted by Macquart’s description. ORTALIDZ—IDIOTYPA. 183 Gen. VI. EUOLENA nov. gen. Charact.—Front very broad, very little narrowed anteriorly ; ‘tthe excava- tion of its upper part very shallow; the ocelli near the vertex and closely approximated to each other. Antennal arista with a very short pubescence. No mesothoracic bristle, and, as it seems to me, no prothoracic one. Scutellum with four bristles; the lateral ones weak and small. Feet: front femora rather strong, with conspicuously long and strong spines; the four posterior feet remarkably long and slender, their femora with small spines near the tip only, otherwise these femora are thin and very long, especially the intermediate ones. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse; the small crossvein a little beyond the last third of the discal cell; opposite this crossvein, , the second longitudinal vein emits a little stump of a vein into the submarginal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is nearly parallel to the third. The typical species is Michogaster egregius, from Columbia, described by Gerstecker (Stett. Ent. Z. X XI, p.179). I possess the male only. The ovipositor of the female is called sugar-loaf shaped by the author; which would indicate that it is less com- pressed than in the other Richardina; it may be somewhat of the same shape as in Stenomacra Guérini. Gen. VII. IDIOTYPA nov. gen. Charact.—Front very broad, not narrowed anteriorly; ocelli rather approximated to the edge of the vertex, and placed close to each other. . Antennal arista with a short pubescence. No mesothoracic bristle; a weak prothoracic one. Scutellum with two bristles; metathoraz sloping. Abdomen slender and elongated, almost pedunculate at the basis. - All the femora strong and armed with spines. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the small cross- vein beyond the last third of the discal cell; opposite this crossvein the second vein has a stump ofa vein, inside of the submarginal cell, and a second one on the opposite side, in the marginal cell, nearer to the apex of the wing; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein almost parallel to the third. I. I. appendiculata n. sp. % 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 26.) Ex ochraceo ferruginea, thorace flavo-vario, alarum dimidio anteriore ex ochraceo ferrugineo, posteriore subhyalino, dilute lutescente. 184 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Yellowish-ferruginous, with the thorax marked with yellow; the anterior half of the wings ochre-brownish, the posterior half almost hyaline, yel- lowish. Long. corp. 0.44; 9 cum terebra 0.52; long. al. 0.4—0.41. Of this species I possess a very well preserved, and, as it seems, particularly fully-colored female, and two much paler males, pro- » bably having faded through long exposure. This difference in coloring notwithstanding, I have not the least doubt that both sexes belong to the same species. ‘The condition of the specimens induces me, however, to begin with the description of the female and to add afterwards those characters by which the male speci- mens differ from it. Female.—Head rather dark-yellow, of the ordinary Dacus-like shape; the front of considerable, and altogether equal, breadth; occipital bristles rather strong; the lateral bristles in front of them are wanting; likewise the bristles generally inserted near the ocelli ; the ocelli are approximated to the edge of the vertex and close to each other; a black, biarcuate band runs from the orbit of the eye on one side to that on the other, across the ocelli; immediately above the antenne there is another black band, not reaching the orbits, the upper limit of which forms a less arcuate, the lower limit a more arcuate curve. In consequence of the very approximated position of the anteune, the frontal lunule is more isolated from the face, than is the case in any other of the Ortalidz I am acquainted with. Antenne brownish ochraceous-yellow ; the third joint comparatively long; the arista with a short, but very distinct, pubescence. The lower corners of the central por- tion of the face rather blackish. The short, but rather broad palpi ochraceous-yellow, brownish-black at the basis. The occiput shows, not far from the edge of the vertex, a narrow, black cross- band, not quite reaching the orbit of the eye. The thorax shows a very variegated picture; the very broad niiddle stripe, running from end to end, is of a brownish-ferruginous color, which changes into black towards its posterior third; this stripe is divided in two by a blackish, rather indistinct longitudinal line; it is sepa- rated from the lateral stripes by a longitudinal line of ochraceous- yellow pollen; the broad lateral stripes are crossed by the trans- verse suture, which is covered with pale ochraceous-yellowish pollen; the anterior portion of the lateral stripes is black and leaves exposed only the pale yellow humeral stripe; the posterior portion of the lateral stripe is black on the side turned towards ORTALIDH.—IDIOTYPA. 185 the middle stripe, otherwise brownish-ferruginous. Scutellum short, with two bristles, pale-yellow. Pleure black; the humeral region, including the prothoracic stigma and a broad band, run- ning from the root of the wing to the interval between the fore and middle coxe, pale-yellow; the suture, lying in this band and running down from the root of the wing, is margined with brown- ish-black. Metathorax black, separated from the pleure by a broad yellow stripe. The first abdominal segment rather long, very slender, considerably incrassated, however, towards its end, so that here it equals in breadth the following segment; its first third is black, the second pale-yellow, the remainder, as well as the remaining portion of the abdomen, yellowish-ferruginous, almost ochre-brownish, and beset with a short pubescence of the same coloring. Ovipositor of the color of the abdomen; quite flat; the first segment not quite so long as the last three abdo- minal segments taken together; rather narrow towards its end. Coxe brownish-black; the second joint of the front coxe, the tip of the first joint and the second joint of the middle ones, yellow. All the femora beset with spines, not incrassated, but strong, black, yellow to a small extent at the basis only, yellowish-red to a considerable extent towards the end. Front tibiz reddish- yellow; the four posterior ones of a purer yellow with reddish- yellow tips. All the tarsi yellowish-red; the front tarsi from the second joint and beyond dark-brown; the other tarsi infuscated at the tip only. The hairs on the feet are very short, and of the same color as the ground upon which they are inserted. Wings comparatively long and narrow, with ferruginous veins; the anterior half has a yellowish rusty-brownish tinge, which is more ferruginous-yellow towards the basis, and more brownish towards the apex; the posterior limit of this coloring is almost rectilinear and reaches the fourth longitudinal vein at its root and at its tip only. The whole posterior half of the wing has a decidedly yellowish tinge, but is rather transparent. The second longitudinal vein is rather straight, gently bent forward towards its end only; it reaches the margin not far from the apex of the wing; two conspicuous stumps of veins project from it not far from each other; both are perpendicular, but placed at the opposite sides of the principal vein; one is just opposite the small crossvein, the other somewhat nearer to the apex of the wing; the small crossvein itself is a little beyond the last third 186 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART II. of the discal cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is almost parallel to the third vein; the posterior angle of the anal cell is quite obtuse. Males.—The two specimens which I have before me differ from the females by the absence of the upper black crossband on the front, of the black crossband of the occiput and of the spots on the face which have a black coloring; all which in the female is described as black or blackish-brown, is of a dingy rusty-brown in the male. As, at the same time, the contrast between the yellow and the ferruginous regions is less striking, this gives these specimens a less variegated appearance than that of the above-described female. The first abdominal segment is just as narrow as in the female; but this is less apparent here, as the posterior part of the abdomen is less broad. flab. Cuba (Gundlach). Gen. VII. STENERETMA nov. gen. Charact.—Front very broad, not attenuated anteriorly; occiput very con- vex; cheeks broad; ocelli small and rather approximate to each other. Arista thin and bare. A strong mesothoracic bristle; no prothoracic one. Scutellum with two bristles ; metathorax sloping. Abdomen slender and elongate, attehuate towards the basis. Femora of medium strength, all unarmed. Wings but little developed, short and exceedingly narrow, attenuate in the shape of a wedge towards the basis, so that their surface beyond the fifth longitudinal vein is nothing but a narrow, veinless strip; the auxiliary vein so closely approximated to the first longitu- dinal vein, that they can be distinctly told apart at their end only ; the two ordinary crossveins approximate to each other; the small one lies but little beyond the middle of the wing; second basal cell very small and narrow; the anal cell and the sixth longitudinal vein are wanting, with the exception of a rudiment of the latter, which does not reach beyond the axillary incision. As the group of the Ulidina contains the genera with a more developed anal cell, the group of the Richardina on the contrary those with a less developed one, there can be no doubt that the present genus, in the incompletely developed wings of which the anal cell is altogether wanting, belongs to the Richardina; and that this is its true location is proved by its relationship to ORTALID#—STENERETMA. 187 Idiotypa, especially evident in the structure of the abdomen. Among the differences of these two genera I will only mention that the structure of the head of Idiotypa is not unlike that of Dacus, while the head of Steneretma resembles that of Tritoxa. As Steneretma and Tritoxa also agree in the presence of a mesothoracic bristle and in the absence of a prothoracic one, the former genus, if its first longitudinal vein showed a distinct pubescence, would have to be placed next to Zritoza. 1. 8S. laticauda n. sp. 9? .—Lutea, segmentis abdominalibus singulis postice anguste et equaliter fusco-marginatis, tarsis preter basim nigro- fuscis, alis luteo cinereis, albido-bifasciatis. Dark-yellow, the single abdominal segments on their posterior margin with a narrow infuscated border; the tarsi, with the exception of the basis, blackish-brown ; wings yellowish-gray with two whitish cross- bands. Long. corp. 0.14; cum terebra 0.19; long. al. 0.11—0.12. Of a dark-yellow color, shining. The broad, rather convex front bears, besides the long bristles on the vertex and in the region of the ocelli, a moderate quantity of rather long black hairs; the comparatively strong convexity of the occiput almost obliterates the usual edge between it and the vertex. The antenne are of the same color as the rest of the body, and of more than half the length of the face; their third joint elongate, rounded at the tip; the thin and bare arista is very long. Clypeus, palpi, and proboscis likewise partake of the general coloring of the body. Thorax but little elevated and rather narrow in comparison to its length; its dorsum on the sides and on its posterior border with a few rather long black bristles; upon the remainder of its surface only with a short, black pubescence. Scutellum small, bare, with the exception of the two bristles upon its end. Pleure glabrous; besides the mesothoracic bristle they bear only a single bristle not far below the root of the wing. The abdomen is narrow and elongate, attenuate towards the basis, not so much, however, as in the females of Idiotypa appendiculata ; its segments have, on the posterior margin, a narrow border of equal breadth and of a brown or reddish-brown color; upon the last segment this margin becomes indistinct, or it is altogether wanting. The blackish pubescence of the abdomen is every- where very short and not conspicuous. The ovipositor is of the same color as the remainder of the body and is strikingly 188 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. broad ; its first joint is about as long as the last three abdominal segments taken together; from its basis to the middle it is exactly as broad as the abdomen itself; beyond the middle it is but little attenuate, so that the truncature at the end has a con- siderable breadth; the second and third joints of the ovipositor are also rather broad; the latter does not end in a sharp point, but in a narrow truncature. Feet bare, their structure ordinary ; femora unarmed; the tarsi blackish-brown from.about the tip of the first joint. The yellowish-gray wings have two perpendicular whitish crossbands; the first passes between the two ordinary crossveins from the anterior to the posterior margin of the wing; the second lies between the first and the apex of the wing, but much nearer the latter, is obliterated in the marginal cell and does not entirely reach the posterior margin; besides these two whitish crossbands there is, at the end of the second basal cell and in the adjoining region of the first basal cell a small, whitish spot; the coloring of the wing, on this side of the first crossband, towards the root of the wing, changes. gradually into clay-yellow, while beyond the second crossband the color is almost blackish-gray ; the posterior crossvein shows the trace of a delicate blackish-gray lining, while there is no such trace on the small crossvein. Hab. Texas (Belfrage). Gen. IX. COHHLOMETOPIA Maca. Charact.—Front of moderate breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly, some- what excavated; ocelli far removed from the edge of the vertex, placed close to each other on a more or less projecting bump. Antennal arista with a very short pubescence. No mesothoracic and one prothoracic bristle. Scutellum with four bristles; metathorax somewhat sloping. Femora not incrassate, nevertheless strong, the four posterior ones considerably longer than the front pair; all are provided with spines, the fore femora, however, with a few small ones towards the tip only. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the crossveins not approximate to each other; the last section of the fourth longi- tudinal vein converges towards the third. With Celometopia a series of genera begins which have a comparatively short, oval abdomen, not very attenuate at the basis. The type of the genus is C. trimaculata Fab. = C. fer- ruginea Macq. from South America, which Wiedemann placed in the genus Zrypeta. ORTALID H-—C@LOMETOPIA. 189 1. C. bimaculata nu. sp. %.—(Tab. IX, f. 27.) Rufa, abdomine chalybeo vel violaceo, pedibus flavis; tibiis tamen tarsorumque apice fuscis; ale hyaline, nigro-bimaculate. Ferruginous-reddish, the abdomen steel-blue or violet; feet yellow; tibie and tip of the tarsi brown; wings hyaline with two black spots. Long. corp. 0.22—0.26; long. al. 0.21—0.22. Head and thorax ferruginous-red, rather shining; only the hind coxe sometimes pitch-brown. Front of very moderate breadth; narrower anteriorly, somewhat excavated; the bristles on the vertex, the very much advanced lateral bristles and the two bristles near the ocelli black and rather strong. The ocelli are placed close to each other on a flattened elevation, almost in the middle of the front; the frontal lunule is rather isolated from the face, in consequence of the very approximate position of the antenne. The third antennal joint is sometimes more brownish- red towards the tip; arista with a short pubescence. The short hairs on the thoracic dorsum are whitish, and hence easily per- ceptible; the ordinary bristles are black or brown, sometimes only brownish; a blackish line in the middle is only occasionally perceptible. Scutellum convex, with four brownish or brown bristles. Abdomen metallic steel-blue, shining, with more or less extensive and vivid violet reflections; sometimes ferruginous- brownish at the extreme basis; its almost whitish pubescence appears much darker, when looked at against the light. Femora yellowish, usually brownish at the tip; the foremost ones strong, with a few weak and small spines on the under side, near the tip only; the four posterior femora much longer, also strong, with spines on the under side. Tibiz brown. Tarsi of adirty-yellowish brown from about the tip of the second joint. Wings pure hya- line, with a rather sparse and coarse microscopic pubescence and with black veins; the black stigma is confluent with a mode- rately large, sharply limited spot, reaching as far as the third longitudinal vein; a larger, almost triangular black spot occu- pies the apex of the wing; it begins before the second longitu- dinal vein and ends midway between the third and fourth veins ; moreover, in the environs of the humeral crossvein, there is a grayish-black spot, which is easily overlooked. The third longi- tudinal vein is very straight; the small crossvein lies in the middle of the comparatively short discal cell. The anterior basal cell is somewhat expanded at the expense of the discal cell, so 190 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. that the latter is much narrower before the small crossvein than beyond it; posterior crossvein straight, somewhat oblique; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein strikingly long, distinctly converging towards the third longitudinal vein; poste- rior angle of the anal cell very obtuse. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Gen. X. HEMIXANTHA nov. gen. Charact.—Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower anteriorly, not excavated; the posterior ocelli not very far from the edge of the vertex; the anterior one removed to about the middle of the front. Antennal arista with a distinct pubescence. A small prothoracic, and, as it seems, no mesothoracic bristle. Scutellum with four bristles ; metathorax perpendicular. Femora not incrassate, but rather strong; the posterior ones longer than the foremost ones; all are beset with spines; the spines of the foremost ones are but very few. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse; crossveins conspicu- ously approximate ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the third. The difference from Ccelometopia consists principally in the peculiar position of the ocelli, the remarkably approximate cross- veins and the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudinal veins. I do not know of any described species of this genus and for this reason give the following :— 1. H. spinipes n. sp. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 28.) Lutea, metanoto epimerisque metathoracis nigris, abdomine chalybeo, violaceo-splen- dente; ale subhyaline, apice fasciisque tribus fusco-nigris; harum secunda postice, tertia antice, abbreviata. Clay-yellow, metanotum and epimera of the metathorax black, abdomen steel-blue, with a violet reflection; wings rather hyaline, the apex and three crossbands brownish-black; the second of these abbreviated posteriorly, the third anteriorly. Long. corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.23. Clay-yellow, thoracic dorsum more yellowish-red. Front of medium breadth, but little narrower anteriorly, not excavated, with but a small depression on the vertex; the two posterior ocelli are placed upon a very small black spot, at a moderate distance from the vertex and close to each other; the anterior ocellus is quite unusually distant from them, and placed about ORTALIDZ—HEMIXANTHA. 191 the middle of the front; the bristles on the vertex, the rather distant lateral bristles and the two ocellar bristles comparatively long and strong, black® Antenne reaching down to the border of the mouth; the comparatively long third joint sometimes somewhat infuscated at the tip. Arista pubescent. The pubes- cence of the thoracic dorsum is pale-yellowish, the ordinary bristles black. Scutellum of a pure yellow, with four black bristles; its surface rather even. The middle portion of the mesonotum, the lower portion of its sides and the epimera of the metathorax brownish-black. The pubescence of the pleure yel- lowish. Abdomen elongate-oval, clay-yellow at the extreme basis, the remainder shining steel-blue with violet reflections, more greenish-blue at the posterior end. ‘The first segment of the ovipositor large, shining black, ‘concave above, somewhat convex below. Feet clay-yellow, the basis of the middle tibie and the hind tibiz brown; the tip of the tarsi but little infuscated ; femora not incrassate, although rather strong, the four posterior ones longer than the two foremost ones; the latter with a few small spines near the tip only, the former beset with spines on the whole second half of the under side. Wings almost hyaline, with a yellowish-gray tinge, which is more yellow towards the anterior border; costal cell yellowish-brown; a narrow brownish- black band runs from the humeral crossvein to the axillary incision; a second one, somewhat broader, runs from the anterior margin over the basis of the submarginal cell and over the end of the small basal cells nearly, but not quite, to the posterior margin of the wing; a third band, inclosing the two remarkably approximate crossveins, extends from the posterior margin to the middle of the submarginal cell; the apex of the wing bears a large elongate brownish-black spot, beginning before the second longitudinal vein and occupying the border of the wing as far as beyond the fourth vein. The last section of the fourth longitu- dinal vein is parallel to the third vein; the posterior angle of the anal cell is obtuse; the microscopic pubescence of the surface of the wing is remarkably coarse and sparse. Hab. Brazil. 192 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. Gen. XI. MELANOLOMIA nov. gen. Charact.—Front rather broad, somewhat nar#ower anteriorly, not exca- vated; the posterior ocelli not far removed from the edge of the vertex; the anterior one at a considerable distance from them. Antennal arista bare. A strong mesothoracic bristle and a very weak prothoracic one. Scutellum with four bristles ; metathorax rather perpendicular. Femora not incrassate, only the hindmost ones with spines near the tip. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the crossveins not approximate; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein parallel to the third. The species of this genus are distinguished by their robust thorax and short oval abdomen; the surface of the latter is not smooth, but entirely covered by shallow scars, almost chagreened. The picture of the wings of the species known to me consists of a black border of the anterior margin of the wing and of the apex, and of a narrow black streak over the small crossvein. The typical species is a Brazilian one, described by Wiede- mann as T’rypeta cyanogaster. As, in Wiedemann’s description, the plastic characters are not sufficiently taken notice of, I will give the description of a species closely related to his. 1. M. affimisn.sp. %.—(Tab. IX, f. 29.) Rufa, tibiis concoloribus, posticis tamen basim versus infuscatis, abdomine ex violaceo chalyheo; ale hyaline, costé cum apice et vena transvers&é media anguste nigro- limbatis. Red, the tibize of the same color, the hindmost ones infuscated towards the basis; abdomen violet steel-blue; wings hyaline, anterior margin and apex, as well as the small crossvein, with a narrow black border. Long. corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.24. Ferruginous-red, shining; abdomen of a dark steel-blue color, somewhat verging on violet. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly, sometimes tinged with yellow on the sides; the short and thin hairs upon it are inserted in small, very shallow, and hence hardly perceptible pits. The two superior ocelli are quite near the vertex; the anterior one is quite a distance from them, but still above the middle of the front; bristles of the vertex, the Jateral ones and the two bristles near the ocelli, are present. Antenne reaching a little beyond the border of the mouth; the third joint long, sometimes more reddish-brown. a ORTALIDH/—MELANOLOMA. 193 Arista thin and apparently bare. Thorax strongly built; the fallow-yellowish pubescence of its dorsum very short; the ordi- nary bristles black. Scutellum convex, with four bristles: The perpendicular mesonotum, the pleure and the pectus of the same » color as the upper side of the thorax. The mesothoracic bristle strong, black, and hence very conspicuous; the prothoracic bristle thin and fallow-yellowish, and hence easily overlooked. The metallic-blue abdomen: is of a rounded-oval shape and is covered with shallow scars, which diminish its lustre; its short pubescence is whitish on the first segment only, otherwise rather blackish. Feet of a yellowish-ferruginous color, only the dis- tinetly arcuate hind tibie are gradually infuscated towards the basis; the tarsi, beyond the second joint, are more or less ferru- ginous-brownish. Femora not incrassate, only the hindmost ones with spines near the tip. Wings hyaline; the costal cell, the stigma, and a narrow border, running from it to the fourth longitudinal vein, along the margin of the wing, black; the small erossvein likewise with a narrow black cloud; a blackish spot lies between the extreme basis of the submarginal cell and the end of the costal cell. The second longitudinal vein reaches the anterior margin rather far from the apex of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is very straight; the small crossvein is a little beyond the middle of the discal cell, which is considerably narrower before this crossvein than after it; posterior crossvein straight, a little oblique; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein rather long, parallel to the third vein; posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse. The microscopic pubescence of the surface of the wing is comparatively sparse and coarse. Hab. Brazil. Observation.—M. cyanogaster Wied. is not quite as large as the above-described species; its wings are comparatively smaller and the black border along the costa is somewhat broader at the apex of the wing; the lateral bristle of the front is somewhat more removed from the bristles on the vertex; the shallow pits on the front are not perceptible ; the pubescence of the thoracic dorsum is considerably longer; the pleure and the tibie are blackish-brown. 13 ja ro 5 194 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III, Gen. XII. EPIPLATEA Loew. Charact.—Front broad, narrower anteriorly; not projecting in profile; rather densely hairy upon the whole surface. Antenne of medium size; third joint oval, with a thin, bare arista. Face vertical, with a depression under each antenna; longitudinally convex between these depressions ; clypeus of a moderate transverse diameter, projecting considerably beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, which is drawn upwards; proboscis stout. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum convex, with four bristles. ’ Femora of moderate length, strong, but not incrassate; all unarmed. Wings comparatively short; submarginal and first posterior cells broad; third longitudinal vein bent backwards towards its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein does not converge towards the third; posterior crossvein perpendicular; the posterior angle of the anal cell rather acute. The species of this genus are rather stout, not metallic, except sometimes on the abdomen. The structure of the head recalls that of some Sciomyzide, and is very like that of the two well- known species, described by Wiedemann as Orialis trifasciata and atomaria; in their general appearance, the species of Lpi- platea are also not unlike the two latter species, but are easily distinguished by the first longitudinal vein being bare, by the posterior angle of the anal cell not being rounded as in those species and by the absence of the erect biéatle before the end of the upper side of the tibie, a bristle which is always present in the latter species. i. E. erosa Lorw. 9.—(Tab. IX, f. 24.) Fusco-testaceo vel ex fer- rugine fusca, pedibus concoloribus ; abdomine nigro, alis hyalinis, fasciis duabus et puncto centrali nigris. Brownish-yellow or ferruginous-brown, with the feet of the same color and a black abdomen; wings hyaline, with two brown crossbands and in the middle with a brown dot. Long. corp. 0.17; long. al. 0.16. Syn. Epiplatea erosa Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 325, Tab. II, f. 25. The coloring of the lighter shaded specimens is yellow-brown- ish, in darker specimens it becomes ferruginous-brown. Head of the same color. Front broad, considerably narrowed anteriorly, upon its whole surface uniformly and rather densely clothed with an erect, black pubescence; along the lateral margin with a narrow border of white pollen; the stripes running down from ORTALIDA —EPIPLATEA. 195 the vertex along the sides of the front and the ocellar triangle are of the same color as the front and hence indistinct. Antenne not reaching quite to the edge of the mouth; the first two joints of the color of the head, or a little lighter; the oval third joint dark-brown, often quite black; the arista thin and bare. Face excavated under each antenna, longitudinally con- vex between these depressions; descending vertically in profile ; the anterior edge of the mouth is strongly drawn upwards, so that the clypeus projects considerably above it. Proboscis stout; palpi brown, generally paler towards the tip. The thoracic dorsum generally has, on the posterior side, an almost silvery- white transverse crossband, and before the transverse suture, on each side, a large spot of a similar pollen; these pollinose spots are very distinct, when seen by reflected light, but can easily be overlooked in any other light. Upon the pleure likewise there are two spots of white pollen; one of them lies over the fore coxe, the other immediately under the longitudinal suture of the pleursz, where the color is generally darker-brown. The ffont part of the cox is likewise covered with a white pollen, which, however, sometimes is entirely invisible. Abdomen black, somewhat glossy, generally brown at the basis, with a rather coarse pubescence, which is longer and black on the posterior margins of the segments. The flattened ovipositor is somewhat attenuate, its first two segments black, the third orange-yellow. Feet of the same color as the body; tibiz and tarsi darker brown, in fully colored individuals brownish-black. Halteres yellowish. Wings of very moderate length, rather broad, hyaline, with brown veins; the basis of the wings as far as the humeral crossvein and the anal cell are brownish; a narrow brownish-black band begins at the costa, where it is confluent with the small black stigma and a black spot, lying at the end of the costal cell; it runs over the bases of the submarginal, discal, and third posterior cells, as far as the sixth longitudinal vein, which its end alone crosses a little; before the apex of the wing there is a broader crossband, which is sinuate on both sides, weaker, however, on the inside than on the outside; posteriorly it bifureates in two short, obtuse branches, the inner one of which reaches the margin of the wing and covers the perpen- dicular posterior crossvein; the outside one is shorter and ends in the second posterior cell, some distance from the margin of 196 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. the wing; between these two crossbands is the black spot, formed by a cloud over the small crossvein; the stigma is small; the small crossvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell; the sub- marginal and first posterior cells are broad; the end of the third longitudinal vein is gently curved posteriorly and ends exactly in the apex of the wing; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein does not converge towards the third; the anal cell is com- paratively rather small; the crossvein, closing it, is a little arcuate, but forms nevertheless a rather acute posterior angle. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES PUBLISHED BY PREVIOUS WRITERS, AND NOT IDENTIFIED BY THE AUTHOR. 1. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phil., Vol. VI, Part II. Page 83. Ortalis ligata. Wings quadrifasciate with fuscous. Inhabits Mexico. Body blackish; head ferruginous, tinged with glaucous behind and on the vertex; thorax blackish-plumbeous; wings white, subopaque, with four fuscous bands; the first a little oblique, across the neck of the wing; second from the tips of the medi- astinal and post costal nervures, and proceeding a little obliquely, so as to be bounded posteriorly by the middle cross-nervure ; third, perpendicular to the costal margin and covering the poste- rior cross-nervure; fourth, terminal, slightly connected on the costal edge with the third; pozsers white ; tergum coppery-black ; feet black ; knees and tarsi ferruginous. Length three-twen tieths of an inch. [Belongs very probably to the genus Rzvellia, but it will be difficult to decide to which species, on account of the great similitude between the species of that genus.—Loew. | 2. Rob. Desvoidy, Myodaires. Page 715. Meckelia philadelphica. Minor M. eleganti; pedes fulvi, tibiis nigricantibus; ale flavescentes, unica macula subfuscea. Plus petite que la Meckelia elegans; frontaux, antennes, face, rouges; optiques d’un gris rougeatre; corselet d’un brun-gris ; (197 ) 198 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. abdomen un peu moins gris et d’un noir plus luisant; cuisses fauves ; tibias mélangés de noir et de fauve; tarses noirs; ailes flavescentes, n’offrant que ’apparence d’une seule macule. Originaire de Philadelphie. ( Translation.)—Smaller than Meckelia elegans; frontal bristles, antenne, face, red; optical bristles of a reddish-gray; thorax brownish-gray; abdomen a little less gray and of a more shining black; femora fulvous; tibiz mixed with black and fulvous; tarsi black; wings flavescent, with the appearance of a single spot. From Philadelphia. [It seems hardly doubtful that this species belongs to the Ortalina; it is probably either an Anacampta or a Ceroxys, as Rob. Devoidy’s genus Meckelia has the third antennal joint excised on the upper side and ending in a very sharp angle.— Loew. | 3. Walker, Insecta Saundersiana. Page 373. Ortalis basalis, Mas. et Fom. Nigro-cyanea, caput fulvum; antenne lutee; abdomen basi ferrugineum, fem. apice luteum attenuatum; pedes fulvi; ale hyaline, basi fulve, vitta antica interrupta fusca. Ceroxys? Blackish-blue: head tawny; face with a whitish covering; epistoma prominent; mouth pitchy; feelers luteous ; third joint much deeper than the second and more than twice its length; sixth black, bare, very slender, more than twice the length of the third; abdomen longer than the chest, ferruginous towards the base; abdomen of the female pale luteous towards the tip, which is much attenuated; legs tawny; wings colorless, slightly tawny at the base, adorned along the fore border with a dark-brown interrupted stripe, which is widened at the tip; veins black; fifth vein converging towards the tip of the fourth; sixth not reaching the hind border; crossveins straight, almost upright; poisers pitchy. Length of the body 14—2 lines; of the wings 2—3 lines. United States. } [It is utterly improbable that this species should be a Ceroxys, as Mr. Walker supposes; his description rather suggests that it belongs to the Ulidina.—Loew. ] APPENDIX. 199 4. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 11, Tab. XXIX. fig. 3. Page 208. Herima mexicana. Viridi-cyanea. Allis limbo externo nervisque transversis fuscis. Long. 4 lin.—Face testacée. Front noir; vertex et derriére de la téte testacés. Antennes brunes; style fauve. Thorax d’un vert brillant, 4 reflets bleus. Abdomen manque. Piecs noirs. Ailes jaundtres jusqu’a l’extrémité; cellules basilaires brunes; nervures transversales bordées de brun; premiére oblique. Du Mexique. ( Translation.)—Length 4 lines. Face testaceous; front black; vertex and occiput testaceous. Antenne brown; arista fulvous. Thorax of a brilliant green, with blue reflexions. Abdomen—(wanting). Feet black. Wings yellowish, anterior margin brown from the stigmatical cell, inclu- sively, as far as the apex; basal cells brown; crossveins bordered with brown; the first of them oblique. Mexico. [Macquart very improperly placed this species in the genus Herina; it is a perfectly normal species of his own genus Sée- nopterina.— Loew. | 5. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV. Page 992. Ortalis massyla, n. sp., Fem. Viridis, capite ferrugineo, abdominis segmento quinto purpureo apice fulvo, palpis ferrugineis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsis fulvis, alis albis fusco trifasciatis. Body metallic-green, slender, clothed with short black hairs: head and chest beset with black bristles: head ferruginous above and along the borders of the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, promi- nent, eyes red; fore part slightly convex; its facets a little larger than those elsewhere: sucker black, clothed with tawny hairs; palpi ferruginous ; beset with black bristles: feelers black, much shorter than the face; third joint conical, ferruginous at the base, much longer than the second; bristle bare, very slender, more than thrice the length of the third joint; abdomen long-obconical, much longer than the chest, tapering, flat, and with a vein on each side towards the tip, which is tawny; fifth segment dark- purple: legs black, clothed with short black hairs; knees ferru- ginous; feet and tips of shanks dull tawny: wings white, with 200 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. three dark-brown bands; the first extends nearly to the hind border, and joins the side of the middle crossvein; the second reaches the hind border and incloses the lower crossvein; it is darkest on the fore border, and there unites with the third, which widens along the fore border and occupies the whole of the tip of the wing; wing-ribs, veins, and poisers tawny; veins pitchy in the brown parts of the wings; lower crossvein nearly straight. Length of the body 12—2 lines; of the wings 3—4 lines. North America. [ This seems to be an Huxesta.—Loew. | 6. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV. Page 995. Ortalis? diopsides, Baryston’s MSS. Fem. Nigra, obscura, capite antico fulvo, palpis antennis pedibusque piceo-ferrugineis, alis subcinereis ad costam fusco bimaculatis. Body dull-black, clothed with very short black hairs: head beset with a few black bristles, tawny in front and beneath, where it is covered with white bloom; sides of the face without bristles ; epistoma slightly prominent; eyes dark-red; facets of the fore part a little larger than those elsewhere: sucker and palpi ferru- ginous, partly pitchy; sucker clothed with tawny hairs; palpi beset with black bristles; feelers ferruginous, shorter than the face; third joint pitchy above, nearly round, longer than the second joint; bristle black, bare, slender, much more than twice the length of the third joint; abdomen spindle-shaped, much longer than the chest; last segment flat: legs pitchy, mostly ferruginous beneath, clothed with very short black hairs; claws black: wings slightly gray, with a narrow pitchy band at half © the length of the fore border, on which, near the tip, there is a small brown spot; wing-ribs tawny; veins black, tawny at the base; longitudinal veins straight; lower crossvein straight, slightly oblique, nearly twice its length distant from the middle crossvein ; poisers pale tawny. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 24 lines. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. [This species seems likewise to belong to the Ulidina, a group which is so abundantly represented in America.—Loew. | APPENDIX. © 201 1. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. I V. Page 995. Ortalis? costalis, n. s., Fem. Nigra, abdomine nigro-zneo, pedibus nigris, alis limpidis ad costam fusco bimaculatis, stigmate nigro. Head wanting: chest dull black, beset with a very few black bristles : abdomen sessile, brassy-black, shining, slightly spindle- shaped, much longer but hardly broader than the chest: legs black, clothed with very skort black hairs: wings colorless, with a small brown spot just above the tip, and another at the base of the fore border, where the vein is thickened ; a black band along the middle of the fore border; wing-ribs and veins black; third longitudinal vein straight, with the exception of a very slight angle at its junction with the lower crossvein, which has two very slight curves, the upper inward, the lower outward. Length of the body 12 line; of the wings 34 lines. ; St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. [In this description, after the words ‘third longitudinal vein straight,” something seems to be wanting, as this vein does not at all meet the posterior crossvein. The species very likely also belongs to the Ulidina.—Loew. | 8. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, Tab. XX VI, fig. 17. Page 289. Urophora antillarum. Viridi-nigra. Fronte testacea, alis fasciis duabus, apiceque fuscis. Long. 14 lin. %.—Palpes noirs. Face d’un vert noiratre luisant, & léger duvet blanc sur les cotés. Front testacé; une tache verte sur le vertex. Antennes noirs. Thorax et abdomen dun vert luisant noirdtre. Pieds noires; premier article des tarses testacé. Ailes claires, & base jaunatre; une premiere bande passant sur la premiére nervure transversale, et n’atteignant pas le bord intérieur; la deuxiéme entiére, passant sur la deuxiéme transversale; extrémité 4 tache brune, liée 4 la deuxiéme bande par le bord extérieur également brun. Des Antilles. [Almost undoubtedly an Ulidina.—Loew.] 202 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART III. 9. Bigot, Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. fis. d. l. Isla da Cuba. Ulidia fulvifrons. Nigro-piceo-nitens, hypostomate nigro; fronte, oculis, anten- nisque fulvis, occipite brunnea; thorace nigro-nitente; abdomine nigro-piceo; pedibus fulvis; anticis, cruribus antice brunnescen- tibus; tibiis tarsisque brunneis ; intermediis posticisque, femori- bus basi, brunneis; tibiis postice brunneis; alis hyalinis; costa brunnea, punctoque apicali nigro.—Long. 4 mill. [This species may belong to the Ulidina, but it is not probable that it is a true Ulidia. The Ulidia metallica Bigot, described in the same place, is not an Orialida at all, but belongs to the Agromyzide, perhaps to the genus Agromyza.—Loew. | 10. Walker, Trans. of the Ent. Soc., Tom. V. 1861. Page 326. Ortalis bipars. Nigricante viridis, capite supra antennisque rufis, harum articulo tertio longo lineari, pedibus nigris, alis albis nigro-trifasciatis et apice maculatis, vittis secunda tertiaque postice obsoletis, prima incompleta, halteribus pallidis. Blackish-green: head above and antenne red; third joint of the antenne long, linear; wings white, with three slight black bands and an apical spot, first band very incomplete; second and third obsolete hindward ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border and by much more than its length from the brachial transverse vein; halteres pale. Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 4 lines. United States. 11. Walker, Trans. of the Ent. Soc., Tom. V. 1861. Page 324. Bricinnia. Corpus longiusculum, sat angustum. Peristoma magnum. Antennarum articulus tertius longus, gracilis, linearis; arista, simplex, gracilis. Thorax longus, lateribus compressis. Abdo- men longum, subfusiforme, apice attenuatum. Pedes validi. Ale sat anguste, venis rectis. Fem. Oviductus vagine producte, gracilis. APPENDIX. 203 Body rather long and narrow. Epistoma rather prominent; mouth large; third joint of the antenne long, slender, linear, extending to the epistoma; arista slender, simple, nearly twice the length of the third joint. Thorax long, compressed on each side. Abdomen long, subfusiform, attenuated towards the tip. Legs stout, moderately long. Wing rather narrow; veins straight. Female. Abdomen attenuated at the tip. Vagina of the oviduct slender, produced. Bricinnia flexivitta Fem. Nigra, capite apud oculos albo, vitté antica albida, antennis ferrugineis basi fulvis, thorace vittis tribus albidis, pectore pur- pureo-cyaneo, abdomine cupreo, femoribus posticis basi flavis, tarsis fulvis, alis sub-cinereis, costa apiceque luridis, vitta discali angulata nigra, vena discali transversa vix arcuata. Female. Black: head white about the eyes and with a whitish facial stripe, which is dilated towards the epistoma; antenne ferruginous, tawny towards the base; thorax with three whitish stripes; pectus blue, varied with purple; abdomen cupreous; vagina of the oviduct attenuated ; hind femora yellow towards the base; tarsi tawny; wings grayish, lurid along the costa and at the tips, and with a blackish stripe which extends from the base to and along the discal transverse vein; the latter is upright and hardly curved, and is parted by four times its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein, which is oblique. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. Mexico. INDEX OF THE ORTALIDA. Achias, 23, 66 Acidia, 16, 18 Aciphorea, 8, 16 Aciura enea v. d. Wulp, 170 Acrosticta, 65, 151 . Acrosticta foveolata Lw., 151 scrobiculata Lw., 151 Actora, 22 | Adapsilia, 5, 10, 12, 32, 35 Adrana, 27 Agastrodes, 27 Amethysa, 25 Amethysta, 25 Amphicnephes, 44, 83 Amphicnephes pertusus Lw., 84 Anacampta, 57, 129 Anacampta latiuscula Zw., 130 urtice Lin., 58 Apospasmica, 52, 131 Ardelio, 46 Ardelio longipennis Lw., 46 brevicornis Lw., 46 Automola, 12, 52, 118 Baccha capitata Lw., 68 Blainvillia, 16 Boisduvalia, 16, 18 Brea, 27 Bromophila, 35 Callopistria, 62, 140 Callopistria annulipes J/acq., 62,141 Calobatida, 30 Campigaster, 26 Camptoneura, 18, 24, 50, 108 Camptoneura picta For., 27, 109 Celetor, 41 Cephalia, 7, 10, 11, 22, 23, 32, 49 Cephalia femoralis Wied., 23, 47 myrmecoides Lw., 48, 100 rufipes Meig., 11, 49 Cephalina, 48, 102 Ceroxys, 17, 25, 57, 125 Ceroxys canus Lw., 128 cerulea Macq., 25, 150 crassipennis Fbr., 57 obscuricornis Lw., 126 ochricornis Lw., 126 quadrifasciata Macq., 44 similis Lw., 127 Cestrotus, 15 Chetopsis, 65, 169 Chetopsis enea Wied., 170 debilis Lw., 172 Chloria, 63 Chlorophora, 16, 19 Chromatomyia, 27, 39 Chromatomyia laeta WI/k., 40 Chrysomyza, 6, 10, 12, 63 Chrysomyza demandata Meig., 65 Cleitamia, 21 Clidonia, 16, 18, 21 Clitodoca, 42 Cclometopia, 23, 26, 68, 188 Celometopia bimaculata Lw., 189 ferruginea W/k., 13,68 trimaculata Fbr., 68, 188 Celopa, 22 Coniceps, 64, 70, 177 Coniceps niger Lw., 178 Conopsidea, 10, 23 Cordylura podagrica For., 14 Cormocaris, 5, 54 Cormocaris bucephala Mezg., 5, 54 Cruphiocera, 26 Cryphiocera, 26 Cyrtometopa, 179 Dacina, 34 Dacus, 12 Dacus aculeatus For., 158 zneus Wied., 46 bicolor Wied., 12 brevicornis For., 46 costalis Fbr., 158 ( 205 ) ee 206 INDEX OF THE ORTALIDA, Dacus flavicornis Wied., 12, 69 Euphara, 65, 150 flavus For., 68 _| Euphara coerulea Lw., 150 fraterculus Wied., 12 Euprosopia, 26 macularis For., 47 Eurina, 21 obtusus Fbr., 148 Kuripalpus, 24 olee For., 28 Euxesta, 65, 153 parallelus Wied., 12 Euxesta abdominalis Lw., 163 podagricus Fbr., 14, 18 alternans Lw., 165 serpentinus Wied., 13 annone For. 162 succinctus Wied., 12, 44 binotata 1s 160 Dasymetopa, 65, 145 costalis Fbr., 158 Dasymetopa lutulenta Lw., 146 eluta Lw., 168 Delphinia, 16, 18, 24, 50 nitidiventris Dw., 157 Delphinia thoracica Rob. Desv., 109 notata Wied., 156 Diacrita, 27, 51, 111 pusio Lw., 155 Diacrita emula Lw., 114 ‘quaternaria Lw., 159. costalis Gerst., 111 spoliata Lw., 154 Dichromyia, 13, 16, 24, 35 stigmatias Lw., 166 Dichromyia braziliensis Rob. Desv., Thome Lw., 163 13, 16 5 : eeaiataone Wied, 24, | Cece aaa ae i *+ “*, | Gymnopoda, 22 Dictya ee Fi br., 25 Helomyeade toy ecora Fbr., 36 Hee h } 69. 190 externa Fobr., 14 oe Sey ae emixantha spinipes Lw., 190 ocellata Fbr., 8 Heni 94. 42 picta fbr., 109 SPN Diptera aciphorea, 8, 11 Heniconeura fenestralis Mucq., 24 Henicoptera, 21 Dorycera, 5, 10, 17, 21, 22, 53 ray ie Dorycera graminum For., 53 Heramyia, 16, 17 ili Herina, 16, 18, 24 Drosophilide, 24 eh aks gs Bueuisse 27, 41 Herina calcarata Macq., 47 chalybea Dolesch., 47 metallica v. d. Wulp, 93 mexicana Macq., 47 quadrifasciata Macq., 90 ruficeps v. d. Wulp, 123 rufitarsis Macq., 89 Hesyquillia, 16, 17 Kmpyelocera, 6, 10, 63, 65 Beye. Rob. Desy- Ad Engistoneura, 43 Hoturonameden 22 Eniconeura, 24, 42 y thie 3 Himeroéssa, 44, 85 ae violacea Macq., 42 Himeroéssa pretiosa Lw., 85 Ephydrinida, 15 - Epicausta. 46 Holodasia, 58 aoe aia. 23 Holodasia fraudulosa Lw., 58 ee ge Homalocephala, 23 eae eo aye Vi 45 Hypochra Lw., 57 spidesma fascipennis Macq., Bpiplatea, 4, 164 , Hy pochra albipennis Lw., 57 2 Hypoecta, 65, 173 Epiplatea erosa Lw., 194 Hadhileote, A0 ’ Hypoecta longula Lw., 173, Euchalcota decora Macq., 40 Hypotyphla, 33, 36 Eumetopia, 22, 65, 175 Earomyia, 8, 10 Elaphomyia, 27 Elaphomyia Wallacei Savnd., 27 cervicornis Saund., 27 Elaphromyia, 27 Elassogaster, 27 Eumetopia rufipes Macq., 175 Idana, 52, 115 varipes Lw., 176 Idana marginata Say, 115 FKuolena, 67, 183 Idiotypa, 67, 183 Euolena egregia Gerst., 67 Idiotypa appendiculata Lw. 9183 INDEX OF THE ORTALIDA. Lamprogaster, 25, 27, 39 Lauxanida, 21, 23 Leptopodita, 21, 22 Lipara, 22 Lonchea, 6, 8, 9, 10, 19, 22 Lonchea laticornis, 22 Loxodesma, 55 Loxodesma lacustris Meig., 56 Loxoneura, 13, 24, 27, 36 Loxoneura decora For., 36 Maria, 27 Meckelia, 16, 17 Melanoloma, 69, 192 Melanoloma affinis Lw., 192 cyanogaster Wied., 69, 193 . Melieria, 16, 17 Meracantha, 23, 70 Michogaster, 11, 18, 22, 23 Micropezide, 16 Mischogaster, 11, 18, 22, 47, 98 Mischogaster diffusus Gerst., 47 egregius Gerst., 67,183 pernix Gerst., 47 Musca annone Fbr., 162 costalis Fbr., 158 octopunctata Coqueb., 8, 58 picta Fbr., 50, 109 stigma For., 148 Myennis, 16, 17, 58, 142 Myennis fasciata Fbr., 59 scutellaris Wied., 143 Myodina, 16, 18, 152 Myopa nigripennis Gray, 77 Myoris, 16, 17 Myrmecomyia, 11, 16, 18, 48, 99 Myrmecomyia myrmecoides Lw., 48, 100 Notacanthina, 13, 26 Notogramma, i2, 65, 148 ee ees cimiciformis Lw., 149 stigma For., 148° Odontomera, 23, 26 Odontomera ferruginea Macq., 66,179 maculipennis Macq., 68, 179 Oedopa, 65, 146 Oedopa capito Lw., 146 Omalocephala, 23 Ortalide, 28, 71 Ortalina, 52,118 Ortalis, 2, 32, 54 Ortalis enea Wied., 170 annone Wied., 162 atomaria Wied., 11, 52, 118 207 Ortalis cana Lw., 128 chalybea Wied., 51 colon Harris, Cat., 153 connexa Meig., 3, 10, 25 costalis Wied., 158 dentipes Macq., 25 fasciata Fbr., 17, 25 fasciata Wied., 52, 132 frondescentie Lin., 25 fulminans Me7g., 3 lamed Meig., 5 luctuosa Meig., 7 lugens For., 43 marginata Say, 22 115 moerens Fbr., notata Wied., i obscura Wied., 59 ornata Meig., 25 Ortoeda W/k., 44, §9 paludum Meig., 7, 18 parallela Wied., 43 peciloptera J/eig., 3, 10 quadrifasciata W/k., 89 ruficeps For., 55 syngenesie Meig., 3, 4, 6, 32, ad trifasciata a 42 trifasciata Say, 170 trifasciata Wied., 11, 52, 118 vau Say, 8, 59, 61, 138 vibrans Lin., = 4, 18, 25, 32, 153 violacea hacks , 47 Orygma, 21 Oscinide, 22 Oscinis, 16, £7 Otites, 5, 17, 21 Oxycephala, 12, 22, 24, 73 Oxycephala fuscipennis Macg., 77 fenestrata Macq., 83 maculipennis Macq., 74, 76 Pachycephala, 38 : Palloptera, 8, 9, 10, 19, 22 Pallopteride, 9, 11, 30 Palpomyia, 16, 17 Palpomyia Lalandi Rob. Desv., 17 Percnomatia 53 Percnomatia inornata Zw., 53 Petalophora, 42 Physogenia, 15, 27 Phytalmia, 27 Phytalmia cervicornis erst. megalotis Gerst. Phytomyde niyodinz, 16 thelidomyda, 16 27 27 Piara, 50- 208 Plagiocephala, 26 Platycephala, 21 Platystoma, 6, 10, 24, 32, 36 _ Platystoma annulipes Jacq., 8, 59, 62, 141 asphaltina Wied., 17,37 australis W/k., 37 cincta Guér., 38 costalis Wied., yo decora Wied., 13, 24 fascipennis AZacq., 36 latipennis Macq., 37 lunulata Macq., 37 microcera Macq., 16 " nigronotata Lw., 38 ocellata Macq., 13, 36 pectoralis Lw., 37, 38 seminationis Fbr., 17 stictica Fbr., 36 umbrarum fbr., 17, 37 Platystomina, 36, 83 Polistodes, 11, 16 Polistoides, 18 Prosopomyia, 15 Psairoptera, 7, 10, 32, 62 Psilomyde, 20, 22 Psilomyia, 21 Pterocalla, 13, 60, 132 Pterocalla ocellata Wied., 13, 60 strigula Wied., 60, 133 Pterocallina, 58, 132 Pterogenia, 27 Pteropectria, 56 Pteropexctria palustris Macq., 56 Pteropecila, 54 Pteropecila lamed Schrk., 54 Ptilonota, 54 Ptilonota centralis Fall., 54 Pyrgota, 12, 21, 28, 36, 72 Pyrgota millepunctata Lw., 73 pterophorina Gerst., 81 undata Wied., 77 vespertilio Gerst., 79 Pyrgotina, 33, 72 Rhopalomera, 14, 15, 21 Rhopalomera pleuropunctata Wied., 14 Richardia, 14,16, 18, 25, 63, 66, 178 Richardia flavitarsis:-Macq., 66 podagrica Fbr., 179 Richardina, 66, 171 Rioxa, 27 Rivellia, 16, 18, 25, 44, 87 Rivellia atra Lw., 45 basilaris Wied., 44 Boscii Rob. Desv., 93 conjuncta Lw., 88 INDEX OF THE ORTALIDA, Rivellia flavimana Lw., 92 micans Lw., 94 pallida Lw., 95 quadrifasciata Macq., 90 syngenesie Lin., 44 variabilis Lw., 91 viridulans Rob. Desv., 44, 88 | Sapromyza, 19 Sapromyzide, 15, 30 Scatomyzide, 20 Scatophaga bispinosa Fobr., 13 fasciata Fobr., 8, 17, 25, 38, 58 trimaculata Fbr., 68 Scholastes, 38 Scholastes cinctus Guér., 39 nepticula Lw., 39 Sciomyza bucephala Meig., 5, 10, 17 Sciomyzide, 15, 30 Scotinosoma, 45 Seioptera, 152 Senopterina, 12, 22, 25, 40 Senopterina decora Macgq., 40 Seoptera, 63, 151 Seoptera colon Lw., 152 vibrans Lin., 64, 153 Sepsidz, 7, 20, 22, 30 Sepsis Guérini Bigot, 66, 180 Setellia, 16, 18, 22, 23, 66 Setellia apicalis Macq., 67, 182 atra Rob. Desv., 67 Sophira, 27 Sphecomyia valida Harris, 74 undata Harris, 77 Sphenoprosopa, 34, 36 Steneretma, 64, 68, 186 Steneretma laticauda Lw., 187 Stenomacra, 66, 180 Stenomacra Guérini Bigot, 180 Stenomyia, 65, 173 Stenomyia tenuis Lw., 174 Stenopterina, 12, 22, 46, 96 Stenopterina znea Wied., 97 basalis W/k., 47 brevipes Fbr., 97 bicolor W/k., 47 cerulescens Lw., 97. decora Macq., 40, 47 femorata Macq., 46 gigas Macq., 47 immaculata Macgq., 46 nigripes Macq., 47 scutellaris Macq., 47 submetallica Lw., 47 trivittata Macq., 47 Stictocephala, 61, 134 Stictocephala corticalis Fitch, 61, 136 INDEX OF THE ORTALIDS. Stictocephala cribrum Lw., 62, 135 cribellum Lw., 62,134 vau Say, 61, 138 Straussia, 17 Strauzia, 16, 17 Strumeta, 27 Stylophora, 16, 18 Syntaces, 67, 182 Syntaces apicalis Macq., 67 Systata, 55 Systata rivularis Fbr., 55 Tachinide, 27 Tephritidae, 21, 23 Tephritis aunone For., 162 caerulea Macg., 41 conica Fobr., 109 corticalis Fitch, 61 dorsalis Mucg., 25 fasciata Meig., 17 melliginis Fitch, 44, 89 strigipennis Macq., 41 violacea Gray, 36 Tephronota, 56, 122 Tephronota gyrans Lw., 57 humilis Zw., 123 Terastomyia, 27 Teremyia, 22 Tetanocera bispinosa Fbr., 13, 26 Tetanops, 5, 10, 21, 53, 119 Tetanops luridipennis Lw., 119 integra Lw., 121 myopina Fall., 53 sanguiniceps Wied., 13,16, 35 Themara, 27 Thryophila, 56 Thryophila frondescentiz Lin., 56 Thyreophoride, 20 Timia, 6, 10, 63, 65 Timia apicalis MJeig., 6 erythrocephala Wied., 6 Toxoneura, 8, 9, 19, 22 Toxotrypana, 27, 34, 36 Toxura, 23, 35 Traphera, 51 Trigonometopus, 21 Trigonostoma, 27 Tritoxa, 50, 102 Tritoxa cuneata Zw., 107 14 209 Tritoxa flexa Wied., 102 incurva Lw., 104 Trypeta enea v. d. Wulp, 170 albovaria W/k., 27, 43 arcuata WI/k., 27, 102 basilaris Wied., 13, 44 cyanogaster Wied., 13, 69, 192 excepta WI/k., 27 fasciata Fbr., 8, 10 flexa Wied., 13, 50, 102 longipennis Wied., 17 obscura Wied., 13, 24, 60 ocellata Wied., 13, 59 picta Fbr., 18 picta Wied., 13, 24, 109 quadrifasciata Harris, 88 scutellaris Wied., 13, 143 trimaculata Wied., 26, 188 ulula Zw., 60 Trypetidz, 30 Ulidia, 6, 22, 23, 63, 65 Ulidia enea Fbr., 12 bipunctata Macq., 65 demandata Meig., 6 fulvifrons Bigot, 65 metallica Bigot, 65 stigma Fbr., 12, 65 stigma Wied., 149 Ulidina, 64, 145 Urophora, 18, 22 Urophora eznea Macg., 172 fulvifrons Macg., 22, 170 quadrivittata JMacq., 22, 162 Valonia, 27, 38 Valonia complicata WIk., 38 Vidalia, 16, 17 Xangelina, 27 Xiria, 27 Zoua, 27, 36 Zygothrica, 23 Zygothrica dispar Macq., 24 Zygotricha, 23 Zygaenula, 65 Zygeuula paradoxa Dolesch., 27, 65 ‘ nt Bene ® , Ce ja le teouh! SE GAN: * REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. » INTRODUCTION. In 1860, at the time of the publication of my paper on the Trypetidz, contained in the first volume of these Monographs, only twenty-three North American species of this family were known. Since then, this number has reached sixty-one. Among these additions there is a number of species of previous authors, concerning which I did not possess sufficient information at the time of my earlier essay. Moreover, a number of species published by Wiedemann became accessible to me in type speci- mens, through the kindness of the Berlin and Vienna Museums. Since that time, also, several other authors have published new species belonging to the same group. And, finally, the systematic distribution of the group Zrypetina has obtained, for the Huro- pean species, a more solid foundation. It would seem to be time, therefore, to undertake an entirely new work on the 7rypetina of North America; but as the plan of the present series does not well admit of it, I have adopted the form of a supplement to my previous paper. One of the principal aims of the present essay will be, the adaptation to the American fauna, as far as it is possible, of the systematic distribution intro- duced among the Trypetina of the old continent. While I was engaged on Monographs, etc., Part I, the number of the North American species with which I was acquainted, was, as yet, too insignificant for an attempt at a subdivision in smaller groups; besides, similar attempts, undertaken for the European species C211) 212 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. by other authors (an account of them may be found in Mono- graphs, etc., Part I, p. 49-51), seemed to me so ill conceived, that I did not feel inclined to adopt them as a basis for further development. 1 perceived, on the contrary, that any attempt to. subdivide exotic Trypetide must be preceded by a rational systematic distribution of the more abundant material of the European species. In 1862, in my monograph of the European Trypetide, I divided the Trypetina into twenty subgenera: Platyparea, Huphranta, Aciura, Hemilea, Anomea, Acidia, Spilographa, Zonosema, Rhagoletis, Rhacochlena, Trypeta, En- sina, Myopites, Urophora, Sphenella Carphotricha, Oxyphora, Oxyna, Tephritis, and Urellia. The definitions of these groups will be found in the above-quoted work. ‘To these must be added: Hypenidium (established by me since, in the Berliner Lintom. Zeitschr., VI, p. 87), Orellia (separated by Schiner, in his Fauna Austriaca, from Oedaspis) and Chetostoma (estab- lished by Rondani, in his Prodromus, Vol. I). Such is the pre- sent state of the classification of the European Trypetina, upon which the distribution of the known North American species is to be based. Considerable as the number of the latter is, it is certain at the same time that this number does not reach one- fifth, perhaps not one-tenth, of all the existing North American Trypetina. Any attempt at a distribution, therefore, would probably be modified by further discoveries. In this dilemma, the course I adopted was, to append to the description of each species the necessary remarks on its systematic position, and to give a general survey of all the results thus obtained, at the end of the volume. Detailed descriptions of those species only are given here, which are not described in Monographs, etc., Part I, or the descriptions of which were insufficient. The descriptions con- tained in that volume are indicated by references; the diagnoses, however, even of those older species are reproduced here, with the modifications rendered necessary by the addition of the new species. An important defect of the present publication is, that a con- siderable number of the new species are not represented on the plates. The reason is, that the plates were prepared more than four years ago, at a time when the number of the known North | American species was not sufficient to fill the required number REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. 213 of figures. This was done by the addition of a number of South American species, described for the sake of comparison, but the figures of which I would have preferred now to replace by those species from North America, which I received after the plates were printed. The critical examination of the species described by other authors, appended to the first volume, p. 57-61, required several corrections and additions. I have, therefore, reproduced it, thus amended, at the end of the present volume, as Appendix I. Appendix II contains descriptions, by other authors, of species not known by me and not contained in Part I. The materials for the present publication, as far as the North American species are concerned, are principally, almost exclu- sively, derived from the communications of Baron Osten-Sacken. If I had had a similar support from more than one side, my work might, of course, have been more complete and more perfect. As it is, I have been compelled to draw the descriptions of several species from single, often badly preserved, specimens, and I am afraid that these descriptions, as well as the opinions expressed by me on the systematic position of some species, may sometimes betray the incompleteness of my materials. I trust that an equi- table critic will bear these circumstances in mind in framing his appreciations. H. LOEW. GuBen, August, 1873. LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF TRYPETA.* . eximia Wied. %.9? - amabilisn.s.% . . suspensa lw. % . . . . fraterculus Wied. . . UMGENS Ne So-h.- | 1s) 6 ie ~atriCinctaml: 8-45, 4. «a parallela Wied. %.9 . hamata n. s. 4.9 integra n.s. 4.9 consobrina n. s. 5.9 aoa kwWDY pseudoparallelan.s.% .9 7. vulneratan.s.%.9. . 6. akatria Lv. On ete 9. suavis Lw. % 10. canadensisn.s.9 .. 11. longipennis Wied. 5.9. 12. electa Say, ? 5 13. flavonotata Macq. % . 14, tetanopsn.s.% .. . 15. sarcinata Zw. 9 16. discolor Lw. % : 17. obliqua Say,%.? . biseriata n. 9? . 18. palposa Zw. % . ; 19. florescentiz Lin. 5.9 . 20. polita Lw. 9 + hice 21, atra Lo. .O) eee nigerrima n. 8s. 9 22. eibba mu. 6. 9 2° 4 23. cingulata Lw. 4.9 PAGE 216 219 222 222 223 225 229 229 230 230 230 232 234 235 235 238 243 244 245 247 250 251 252 253 254 256 256 258 260 263 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. dl. | 32. 33. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Dis tabellaria Fitch, ? . pomonella Walsh, 9 . insectalw.? .. . phenicura n. s. 4.9 peecilogastra n.s. 4 testudinean.s. 9 . sparsa Wied. 3.2 rotundipennis Lw. % culta Wied. %.9? solidaginis fitch, %.? comma Wied. 2? . . latifrons fw. Q .. melanuran.s.Q9. . alba Zw. 4.9. ola albidipennis Lw. %.? . Vernonie Lw. %.? . seriata lw. % .. . circinata n.s. $.9 . Lichtensteinii Wied. % . humilis lw. $.?. peregrina n. s. §.9 angustipennis Lw. 4.9 finalis Zw. 4.9 clathrata Lw. ? geminata Lw. 9 fucata For. % : albicepsn.s.%.? . euryptera n. s. 9. platyptera n. s. ? zqualis Lw. %.9 ' The species from South America, described for the sake of comparison with North American species, are printed in smaller type and not num- bered in this list. ( 914 ) 52. 53. 54, 55. LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF TRYPETA. festiva Iw. %.9 - spectabilis n. s. §.9 bella Lw. 4.9 : timida Lw. % obscuriventris n. s. 9 . melanogastra Lw. 3.9? tenuis n. s. 2 PAGE 309 309 311 311 313 315 316 56. iis 58. 59. 60. 61. mexicana Wied. % puran.s.9 .. abstersa Lu. §.9 polyclonan.s.Q. solaris Lw. 9° actinobolan.s. % DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. . |. T.eximia Wiep. 4 9.—Lutea, abdomine nigro-fasciato; scutellum magnum, planum, setis sex validis instructum; alarum pictura fusca inde a basi maculis irregularibus variegata ad ultimum usque trientem pertinet, ubi vittam costalem et fasciam a margine antico ad posticum oblique ductam emittit; preterea in margine antico due macule tri- gone et hyaline, in postico due subovate et subhyaline conspiciuntur, ad quas in speciminibus plerisque macula rotunda hyalina in cellule discoidalis basi sita accedit. Clay-yellow, abdomen banded with black; scutellum large, flat, with six strong bristles; the brownish-black coloring of the wings reaches from the irregularly spotted basis to the last third of the wing, where it emits two bands, one of which forms a border along the costa, the other runs obliquely from the anterior to the posterior margin; moreover, the anterior margin shows two triangular hyaline spots, the posterior margin two almost oval and less hyaline spots; most specimens have, besides, a round hyaline spot on the basis of the discal cell. Long. corp. 0.26—0.26, 9 cum terebra 0.29-—().30; long. al. 0.25—0.26. Syn. Trypeta eximia Wiep. Zweifl. Ins. II, p. 477, 2. Tephritis fasciventris Maca. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, p. 291. Tab. XXVII, f. 3. Clay-yellow; head of a somewhat purer yellow, rather disci- form. Front narrow, still more narrowed anteriorly, with a small, but well-defined frontal lunule. Frontal and vertical bristles black, rather long and strong; the upper half of the posterior orbit of the eyes with a row of black and blackish-brown bristles. Antenne clay-yellowish, third joint elongated, rounded at the tip; arista very slender, with a hardly perceptible pubes- cence. Face perpendicular; the edge of the mouth not upturned ; palpi yellowish, broad, reaching as far as the anterior edge of the mouth; their pubescence, as well as that of the mentum and of the occiput, is yellow. Thorax rather strongly built, compara- tively broad between the roots of the wings; the humeral callus and a longitudinal stripe between it and the root of the wing, are yellowish-white or sulphur-yellow; a longitudinal stripe of a similar color, which is generally but little visible in dried speci- ( 216 ) ' DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. bade ‘mens, runs from the posterior corner of the thoracic dorsum to the transverse suture; in some specimens the posterior border of the thoracic dorsum also shows a trace of a lighter coloring; the dense, but very short, pubescence of the thoracic dorsum is yel- lowish ; the macrochetz upon it are black; there are seven of them on each side, viz.: three on each side, in a row beginning at the humerus and ending before the root of the wings; three others a little farther from the lateral margin in a row beginning at the transverse suture and ending in the vicinity of the poste- rior corner; finally, a single bristle between the last one of this second row and the lateral corner of the scutellum; there are only two pairs of macrochete on the longitudinally middle por- tion of the thoracic dorsum, not far from the posterior margin; the bristles of the posterior pair are at a moderate distance from each other, the distance between those of the anterior pair is perhaps three times greater. All the bristles and bristle-like hairs upon the pleure and the pectus are black; the short pubes- cence upon the upper half of the pleure is blackish, on the lower half it is pale-yellow. Scutellum comparatively large, flat, with a short, yellowish pubescence on the upper side, and with six strong macrochete along the edge; in life, the scutellum is pro- bably altogether whitish-yellow or sulphur-yellow, while in dry specimens, this coloring is perceptible along the borders only. The abdomen has brownish-black bands, which do not reach the posterior margin of the segments; these bands occur upon the second, third, and fourth segments; they are often less developed upon the anterior segments than upon the posterior ones, and here sometimes interrupted ; upon the rather large last abdominal segment of the male the brownish-black crossband is especially broad and more or less emarginate on its posterior side; my only female specimen has on the first abdominal segment an incompletely developed brownish-black band, situate before the posterior margin. The pile upon the abdomen is black; pale- yellowish on the upper side of the first segment and sometimes also on the basis of the second; however, all the pile upon the abdomen assumes, in a reflected light, and especially in specimens of a lighter coloring, a brownish-yellow, almost a ferruginous- yellow tinge (with the exception of the stronger, bristle-like hairs). The hypopygium is brownish-black ; the brown ovipositor is conical, not flattened at all, perceptibly longer than the last 218 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. two segments taken together, but shorter than the last three. Its pile is brownish-yellow or brown, the color of the rather long bristle-like hairs on the end of the first segment is dark-brown or black. Feet clay-yellow; front femora on the upper side with short, on the under side with more elongate black bristles ; front tibie not bristly; middle femora at the end of the posterior side with a few bristles and, also, on the under side, with twe longitu- dinal rows of short black bristles, which are more developed in the male than in the female; middle tibie with a single row of bristles; hind femora, at the end of the upper side with elongated bristles, with shorter ones on the under side; hind tibize with bristle-like cilia. 'Tegule more than usually developed. Wings rather large and broad; the first longitudinal vein altogether beset with bristles, the third far beyond the small crossvein, the fifth upon the first and upon the beginning of its second section, bristly; the second longitudinal vein ends in the costa at an acute angle, and diverges very strongly from the third, the latter is not bent anteriorly at its end; crossveins rather approximate, the small one perpendicular and of a comparatively considerable length; the posterior one very steep and somewhat curved towards its posterior end; posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a rather long lobe. The brownish-black, sometimes almost black picture of the wings, is recognizable in Macquart’s above-quoted figure, although not correctly rendered; the round pale spot in the discal cell should be much nearer to its basis; the pale inden- tation at the posterior margin, near the basis of the wing, should be much narrower; the stigma should be placed entirely in the dark portion of the coloring; the hyaline double spot near the ante- rior margin is seldom merely emarginate posteriorly ; in most cases it is divided in two approximate triangular spots; other differ- ences in the picture likewise occur; the most common is, that in the discal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, there is a short, pale streak, crossing the cell, and which in some cases becomes a hyaline transverse spot. A male from Brazil in my collection has, instead of the round pale spot in the discal cell, only a somewhat paler place without any distinct outline; the agree- ment in the other characters being perfect, I take it for a rather unusual variety of 7. eximia. Hab. Brazil, especially Bahia and St. Paulo; Surinam; Mexico. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 219 Observation 1.—Mr. Macquart, in the above quoted place, sup- poses that his Tephritis fasciventris may be only a variety of the Tephritis major, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, p. 93, Tab. VI, f. 6. However, this Tephritis major is identical with Tephritis socialis Wied., a species which is very distinct from fasciventris Macq. (syn. eximia Wied.). Observation 2.—I have gone into more detail about the plastic characters of this species than was strictly necessary for its specific identification. I did so on account of the great resem- blance in the plastic characters of 7. eximia with T. amabilis, with 7. socialis Wied., and with several other South American species. These species form a very well-defined group, for which I choose the name of Hexacheta, and which deserves to be con- sidered as a separate genus. The generic character may be derived from what has been said, in the above description of Trypeta eximia, concerning the shape of the head and of its parts, the shape of the thorax and of the scutellum, the number and position of their macrochete, the bristles on the feet, as well as concerning the bristles on the wing-veins. The body and the picture of the wings of all the species of Hexacheta are strik- ingly uniform. I know of no other but American species of this group. 2. T.amabilis n. sp. %.—Lutea, thoracis dorsum sulphureo-vitta- tum, postice nigricans; pleure fusco-nigrae, sulfureo-vittate; scutellum magnum, planum, setis sex validis instructum, nigrum, late sulfureo- marginatum ; abdomen fasciis tribus interruptis nigris ornatum ; femora intermedia magna ex parte, postica fere tota nigra; alarum pictura fusco- nigra, preter maculam ingentem, que in media ala locum habet et totam ejus latitudinem explet, fasciam angustam subperpendicularem, qua vena transversalis posterior includitur, et vittam costalem inde ab hac fascia usque ad summam alz apicem pertinentem ostendit. Clay-yellowish, thoracic dorsum with sulphur-yellow longitudinal stripes, blackish along the posterior margin; pleure brownish-black with sul- phur-yellow longitudinal stripes; scutellum large, flat, with six macro- chetz, black, with a broad yellow border ; abdomen with three inter- rupted black crossbands; intermediate femora partly, hind femora almost entirely brownish-black; the brownish-black picture of the wings shows, besides an unusually large spot upon the middle of the wing, occupying its whole breadth, a narrow, almost perpendicular crossband, covering the posterior crossvein, and from which a border extends along the costa as far as the apex of the wings. Long. corp. 0.26; long. al. 0.26. 220 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. * Of the size of T. eximia Wied., and so closely allied to it in all the plastic characters, that their detailed description would be superfluous. Head and all its parts of the same coloring and the same structure as in that species, only the frontal bristles are somewhat weaker. The thoracic dorsum shows a delicate middle line, gradually fading anteriorly and expanding posteriorly into a large spot, which does not entirely reach the posterior thoracic margin, and is surrounded laterally and posteriorly by a blackish coloring; beginning at the shoulder, a sulphur-yellow stripe runs, gradually expanding, to the root of the wing; it emits, near the humeral callus, an upper branch, running towards the transverse suture ; between both branches, the color changes into brownish. Pleure brownish-black, with a sulphur-yellow longitudinal stripe across the middle; moreover, the sulphur-yellow stripe between the humerus and the root of the wings, is prolonged under the latter as far as the posterior end of the thorax. Scutellum entirely of the same structure as in 7. eximia, sulphur-yellow, at the basis of the upper side with a large, semicircular brownish- black spot, the border of the upper side only remaining sulphur- yellow. Metathorax brownish-black, spotted with brown on the sides, and with a yellow spot on the middle of its upper side. The dense and very short pubescence of the thorax and the scutellum is more whitish-yellow than is usually the case in 7. eximia; otherwise the hairsand bristles of both species are alike in their coloring ; the number and position of the macrochete is the same in both. Abdomen with three very broad black cross- bands, which lie on the second, third, and fourth segments, and leave uncovered only the middle line and the posterior margin of these segments. The pile on the abdomen is black; on the upper side of the first segment and along the posterior border of the second, pale-yellowish, Hypopygium brownish-black. Coxze and feet yellow; the intermediate femora towards the basis, to a great, but variable extent, brownish-black; hind femora black, somewhat yellow towards the end, especially on the under side. The bristles on the femora and tibiz are almost as in T. eximia. The shape of the wings, the venation, and the posi- tion of the bristles are exactly as in that species; the pattern of the picture is likewise a somewhat similar one; however, it differs considerably in the details; the bulk of the dark color- ing extends a little beyond the small crossvein and is gently, DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. QO rounded off, the curve formed by it striking the anterior margin nearly at a right, the posterior margin at an acute angle; the latter margin, however, is not quite reached, as a narrow hyaline space remains between it and the dark coloring; this curve would have been a perfect one, were it not for a small projection before the posterior crossvein and for a small excision immediately beyond it; near the anterior margin, the dark-brown coloring, immediately before its end, is interrupted by a triangular hyaline indentation, the tip of which reaches the third longitudinal vein immediately before the small crossvein; the distal side is con- cave, the proximal side is straight and perpendicular to the costa. The brown coloring has no distinct limit towards the base of the wing; it gradually dissolves into a system of irregu- lar spots; the costal cell is hyaline, with the exception of a brown infuscation along the costa between the humeral crossvein and the auxiliary vein; likewise hyaline are the extreme basis of the marginal cell and the entire second basal cell with the exception of a very narrow brownish-black border along the veins inclosing it; the first basal cell at its root, as far as the humeral crossvein, is also rather hyaline; beyond this, for an almost equal distance, it is yellowish; the anal cell is of a dirty yellow, blackish-brown towards its end, which color also extends over the basis of the third posterior cell; alula, posterior angle of the wing, and the portion of the third posterior cell lying along- side of it, are hyaline; moreover, in the third posterior cell, quite near its basis, at the place where it is contiguous to the second basal cell, there is an elliptical hyaline drop; in the first basal cell, below the beginning of the third longitudinal vein, there is a longitudinal spot of a dirty ferruginous color; a somewhat larger spot of the same coloring is in the marginal cell, below the place, where the auxiliary vein diverges from the first longitu- dinal. The hyaline apical portion of the wing shows a narrow crossband, covering the posterior crossvein, almost perpendicular, very gently curved, of a brownish-black eolor; its anterior end turns towards the costa in the shape of a bow and follows it afterwards as a narrow border, as far as the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein. Hab. Mexico (collection of Mr. v. Roeder). 222, NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. 3. T.suspensa Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 5.)—Tota lutea, alarum rivulis fuscanis, cellula basali secunda et cellule discoidalis basi non hyalinis, apice vene longitudinalis quarte recurvo. Altogether clay-yellow, rivulets of the wings infuscated; second basal cell and root of discal cell not hyaline, the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.21; long. al. 0.22—0.23. Syn. Zrypeta suspensa Loew, Monogr., etc., I, 69. Tab. II, f. 5. The present species begins a group of very closely allied species, very much resembling one another. I have nothing to add to my above-quoted description of 7. suspensa; I will only notice that the absence of pale yellow stripes on the thorax and of a pale yellow coloring of the scutellum cannot be considered as absolutely distinctive of this species, as these marks often disappear in other species in the process of drying. The readiest distinctive mark between 7. suspensa and the very simi- lar, but larger 7. fraterculus is, that in the former, the second basal cell and the root of the discal cell have a yellowish color, while in the latter they are hyaline. I regret to have to notice here, that the engraver, in figuring 7. swspensa, has committed an error in drawing the curvature of the tip of the fourth vein; this curvature is exactly similar to that in 7. fraterculus, that is, run- ning forward; and although this curved tip in 7. suspensais a little shorter, the difference is not at all such as the figure would lead one to suppose. The second basal cell and the basis of the dis- cal cell should be somewhat paler in the figure, as they are not brown, but only yellow. Hab. Cuba (Poey). 4. T. fraterculus Wisp. %. (Tab. X, f. 6).—Lutea, thoracis vittis et scutello dilutius tinctis, ultimo abdominis segmento duobus prace- dentibus simul sumtis paulo breviore, alarum rivulis lutescentibus, cellula basali secund4 et cellule discoidalis basi hyalinis, apice vene lougitudinalis quarts recurvo. Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutellum paler yellow ; last abdominal segment a little shorter than the two previous ones taken together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets ; first basal cell and root of the discal cell hyaline; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.26; long. al. 0.27. Syn. Dacus fraterculus WirpEMANN, Auss. Zw. II, p. 524. Trypeta unicolor Li ew, Monogr., etc., I, p. 70. Tab. II, f. 6. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 2293 To my former description of this species, I have to add two observations. First, it contains a misprint, as the third line should read “bristle very thin,” and not “bristle very short.” Secondly, the examination of well-preserved specimens renders it doubtless, that the dark spots on the thoracic dorsum, mentioned in the description, were produced by the immersion of the speci- mens in spirits, and that the better preserved specimens do not show them. When I described Z. unicolor, I took it for distinct from Dacus fraterculus Wied., as Wiedemann describes the bristles and hairs on head and thorax as black, and says that the large triangular hyaline spot at the end of the posterior margin is con- nected with the S-shaped hyaline band. The comparison of Wiedemann’s original specimen, however, showed that my T. unicolor is nothing else but Dacus frateréulus Wied. By the terms hairs and bristles Wiedemann understood only the stronger and weaker bristles; the remaining short pile on the head and the thorax of his specimen is entirely similar to the yellowish pubescence of 7’. unicolor. The connection between the posterior hyaline spot with the S-shaped hyaline band, which he mentions, is only an apparent one, as the rivulet separating both is not interrupted at the tip of the triangular hyaline spot, but only very much faded. Hab. Brazil, Peru, New Granada, Cuba. Observation.—The Tephritis obliqua Macq. Dipt. Exot. ie 3, p. 225, Tab. XXX, f. 11, undoubtedly belongs in the relation- ship of the two preceding species; it differs, however, in the pic- ture of the wings too much to be identified with any of them. 5. T.ludems n.sp. 4%. (Tab. XI, f. 19.)—Lutea, thoracis vittis et scutello letius flavis, ultimo abdominis segmento duobus precedentibus simul sumtis multo longiore, alarum rivulis lutescentibus, cellvl4 basali secunda et cellule discoidalis basi hyalinis, apice vene longitudalis quartz recurvo. Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutellum of a purer yel- low; the last abdominal segment much longer than the two preceding ones taken together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets, the second basal cell and the root of the anal cell hyaline; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.30; long. al. 0.81— 0.32. Pale clay-yellow. Front of a somewhat more bright yellow, 294 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. of a very moderate breadth; the usual frontal bristles black, only the upper ones rather long and strong. The yellow antenne almost as long as the face; arista long and slender, with a very short and delicate pubescence. Oral opening rather large; oral edge rather sharp. Proboscis and palpi yellow, the latter rather broad; the suctorial flaps somewhat prolonged. The upper side of the thorax of a light, bright clay-yellow; a sulphur-yellow middle stripe, gradually vanishing anteriorly, expanding poste- riorly in a cuneiform shape, and nowhere well defined; scutellum sulphur-yellow; on each side, above the root of the wings, a well-marked pale-yellow longitudinal stripe, which runs from the transverse suture to the posterior margin of the thorax; quite on the lateral margin an indistinct, but broader pale yellow stripe ; the humeral corner and a well-defined stripe on the upper part of the pleure, reaching to the root of the wings, likewise of a bright pale yellow. The very short pile on the thorax is yellowish ; the usual bristles are black or blackish-brown. Scutellum with four black bristles. Metathorax clay-yellow. Abdomen with short yellowish pile and with black bristles on its posterior end; the last segment very much prolonged, much longer than the two preceding ones taken together (this character serves easily to distinguish this species from 7. fraterculus, which is very much like it). Feet yellow; under side of the front femora with several blackish-brown bristles. Wings not very broad in comparison to their considerable length; the rivulets upon them are pale brownish-yellow with narrow, but little conspicuous, and not always perceptible brown borders; near the posterior margin and on the apex of the wing they are altogether brownish ; the hyaline spaces between the rivulets are as follows: 1. An oblique band, interrupted upon the third longitudinal vein, the anterior part of which forms, immediately beyond the stigma, a spot extending from the costa to the third longitudinal vein, while the posterior part of the band occupies the portion of the basal cell which lies under the stigma, the basis of the discal cell and the second basal cell; 2. A broad S-shaped band which begins at the posterior margin, between the tips of the fifth and sixth Jongitudinal veins, passes between the two crossveins, reaches the second longitudinal vein, turns backwards and reaches the margin in the vicinity of the end of the fourth longitudinal vein; 3. A large triangular spot near the posterior margin, which fills a considerable part of DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 295 the second posterior cell, reaches with its tip considerably beyond the fourth longitudinal vein, and almost coalesces here with the S-shaped hyaline band. The external costal cell also is hyaline, with the exception of its basis, but has a more yellowish tinge than the other hyaline spaces, Stigma rather long, almost imper- ceptibly darker than its surroundings. Crossveins straight and steep; the third longitudinal vein distinctly bristly ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein turned forward; the posterior end of the anal cell drawn out in a very narrow, long lobe. Hab. Mexico (coll. Winthem). Observation.—The comparison of the description of Trypeta Ffraterculus and T. ludens shows the great resemblance of the two species and an entirely satisfactory distinctive character in the different length of the last abdominal segment. The females of these species, which unfortunately I have not seen, will pro- bably be easy to distinguish, if attention is paid to the size, which is larger in Z. ludens, to the somewhat broader cheeks, the longer last abdominal segment of this species, and to the course of the third and fourth longitudinal veins, which suddenly diverge here, while their divergency in 7. fraterculus is much more gradual. In using the coloring for distinguishing the two species, a certain caution is necessary here, as well as in the other species of this group. 6. T. tricincta n. sp. 4 .—Lutea, scutelli basi tribusque abdominis fasciis nigris, alarum rivulis nigro-fuscis, apice vene longitudinalis quarts recurvo. Clay-yellow; basis of the scutellum and three crossbands of the abdomen black; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein somewhat curved for- ward. Long. corp. 0.26; long. al. 0.26—0.27. Clay-yellow, more yellowish-red on the thoracic dorsum. Head of the same color and shape as in the three preceding species. In the middle of the thoracic dorsum there is a longi- tudinal sulphur-yellow stripe, proceeding from the posterior mar- gin; it is rather broad posteriorly, gradually becomes narrower anteriorly, and finally disappears near the anterior margin; more- over each posterior corner emits a conspicuous sulphur-yellow stripe to the transverse suture; the humeral callosity and a broad longitudinal stripe reaching from it to the root of the wing and then passing under the latter to the posterior part of the thorax, 15 226 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. are, likewise, sulphur-yellow. The very short pile on the thoracic dorsum is pale yellowish, towards the posterior corners only it assumes a blackish tinge or at least a blackish appearance. The black macrochete of the thoracic dorsum are similar, in number - and position, to those of the three preceding species. Scutellum sulphur-yellow, with four macrochete on the margin. Meta- thorax brownish-black, with a clay-yellow longitudinal stripe in the middle of its superior margin. Abdomen on the 2d, 3d, and 4th segments with a transverse band near the anterior margin ; that of the second segment is entire and occupies only one-half of its length; those of the third and fourth segments are narrowly interrupted in the middle and cover a little more than the ante- rior half of the segment; the fourth segment is hardly longer than the preceding two, taken together. Hypopygium clay-yellow. The pile on the abdomen is blackish, and yellowish only on the upper side of the first and on the pale-colored portions of the upper side of the second segment; in a reflected light, the pile on the whole abdomen assumes a paler hue; the rather weak bristles at the end of the last segment are black. Feet clay-yellowish; the pile and bristles are similar to those in the three preceding species. Wings hyaline, with a rather dark-brown picture; it is not quite as brownish-black as that of T. serpentina Wied. figured on Tab. XI, f. 25, but it is more like it than any other species to me known. In order to form an idea of the picture of the wings of T. tricincta, let us represent to ourselves that the whole outer costal cell in that figure is rather hyaline, that the regions figured in gray are yellow and those represented as black are dark brown; that the S-shaped rivulet, beginning at the basis of the third posterior cell, running towards the anterior margin, and ending at the apex of the wing, is, upon its latter half, at least one- half broader than represented; that the band beginning at the posterior margin and covering the posterior crossvein is also broader than represented in the figure, and this in such a man- ner, that its side, looking towards the root of the wing, is a little less concave ; finally, add to this picture a little streak of a satu- rate brown, beginning at the posterior margin and reaching some- what beyond the fourth longitudinal vein (at the very place where Tab. XI, fig. 22, shows a similar streak, reaching only as far as the fourth longitudinal vein). DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 227 Hab. Hayti (caught on shipboard, by Mr. P. R. Uhler, sixty miles northwest of St. Nicholas, Hayti). Observation 1.—The Trypeta described by Wiedemann as Dacus serpentinus, differs from T. tricincta not only in the picture of the wings, but also in the coloring. Wiedemann’s original specimen, compared by me, comes from Brazil; but I have received a number of specimens of the same species from Peru. The Urophora vitiithorax Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, p. 286, Tab. XX VI, f. 11, is identical with 7. serpentina Wied. The habitat ‘de l’Inde,” given by Macquart, is certainly errone- ous, if it means the East Indies; but the species may occur in the West Indies, just as 7. fraterculus occurs in Peru, Brazil, and Cuba. Observation 2.—T. suspensa Lw., fraterculus Wied., ludens n. sp., and ¢ricincta n. sp., and a considerable number of other American species, among which 7. serpentina Wied. and obliqua Macq., have already been mentioned above, form a well-defined group, which well deserves to be considered as a separate genus. The character which distinguishes it from all other Trypetina, is the course of the fourth longitudinal vein, which, towards its end, is curved forwards in a rather striking manner, and reaches the margin at a very acute angle, being prolonged beyond as the costal vein. With reference to this character I propose to call it Acrotoxa. The species of this group have, moreover, the following characters in common: Inthe structure of the head and of all its parts they resemble the species of Hexacheta; the thorax has a similar structure, but it is a little smaller in bulk, as compared to the rest of the body, and a little narrower between the roots of the wings; the macrochete of the thoracic dorsum agree with those of Hexacheta both in their number and position. The scutellum is smaller than in the latter genus and not quite as flat, and bears not six, but four macrochete. Front femora ‘ on the upper side with shorter, on the under side with longer bristles and the front tibiz without bristles, as in the species of Hexachxta. Middle femora without bristles; only the basis of the under side is sometimes provided with one or several bristle- like hairs; the two rows of bristles which, in Hexacheta, are found on the under side of the middle femora, are replaced here by two rows of hairs. Middle tibize without bristles. Hind femora towards the end of their upper side, more or less densely 228 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. bristly, on the under side with somewhat longer pile and moreover from the basis to a little beyond the middle, with a rather sparse row of long, almost bristle-like hairs; hind tibie ciliated with rather weak bristlets. Tegule almost as much developed as in Hexacheta. Wings large, and, comparatively to their length, less broad than in Hexacheta; the venation, with the exception of the difference in the course of the fourth vein, already adverted to, is very like that of Hexacheta, only all the cells, and especially the stigma, are longer in comparison to their breadth; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in an equally long and pointed lobe; the whole of the first longitudinal vein and the third some distance beyond the small crossvein, are bristly. The very characteristic picture of the wings in Acrotoxa is sufficiently rendered by the figures 5 and 6 of Tab. X, and 19-27 of Tab. XI. The portions of this picture which could not well be called bands (fasczex), or stripes (vittx), I have called rivulets (following in this Meigen’s example, who called them rivuli in latin, and Bdche in german). The same term may be applied to the species of Acidia. The species of Acrotoxa are often very much alike, and very difficult to dis- tinguish in the male sex; the females are frequently easier to distinguish on account of the very different length of the oviposi- tor in different species. Observation 3.—In view of the difficulty of this group and of the probable occurrence of species belonging to it in some por- tions of the North American continent and of the West Indies (besides Trypeta fraterculus Wied., already referred to), I deem it useful to enter into a more detailed examination of them. Most of the numerous Acrotoxex occurring in the European museums come from Brazil, and pass rather indiscriminately for the Dacus parallelus Wied. I will give a description of this species, based upon the original specimens in the Wiedemann- Winthem and the Seckenberg collections, and of some of the species more closely allied to it, confining myself to those species only which are known in both sexes. Special mentions of color- ing and picture will be omitted, as the former is clay-yellow in all the species, and the latter very probably is pretty much like that of 7. ludens, as given above, at least in living specimens ; in drying it becomes somewhat indistinct, and affords no trust- worthy marks for discrimination. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 229 a. T. parallela Wizpv. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 20.) Long. corp. 0.37, long. terebre 0.20—0.21; long. al. 0.40. Arista with a short pubescence, which is longer, however, than in the fol- lowing species. The pile on the body in general is somewhat longer than in those species, which is especially perceptible on the abdomen of both sexes and on the ovipositor. Ovipositor slender, not quite as long as the thorax and the rounded abdomen of the female taken together. Wings comparatively broad and very blunt and rounded at the tip; their vena- tion differs from the allied species in the distinct undulation of the second vein and the peculiar bend, which the last section of the third vein shows in the vicinity of the small crossvein; two characters of which there is an indication in 7. consobrina only. Picture of the wings brownish-yellow, in some places brown, more intense than in the following species ; the uninterrupted and even course of the first hyaline space from the basis of the second basal cell to the costa is especially characteristic. The picture of the wings varies sometimes in the fact that both the S-shaped and the V-shaped rivulet each emit, exactly upon the third longitudinal vein, a little pointed projection, almost forming a narrow bridge between them; sometimes the portion of the V-shaped rivulet, cut off by the fourth vein, is filled by a brownish-yellow coloring; I have observed this variety much more often in female than in male specimens. Hab. Brazil. b. T. hamatan.sp. § 9. (Tab. XI, f. 22.) Long. corp. 0.39, long. terebre 0.26; long. al. 0.41—0.42. Abdomen short. The ovipositor slender, proportionally somewhat longer than in TJ. parallela. Wings comparatively narrower and less rounded towards the end; second longitudinal vein without any trace of an undulated course and the third longitudinal vein beyond the small crossvein without the curvature, so characteristic in 7. parallela. Picture of the wings paler and more yellow than in the latter species; the branch of the V-shaped rivulet which is more distant from the tip of the wing is prolonged in front beyond the third vein, without diminution of its breadth, so that it coalesces with the S-shaped rivulet between the third and the second vein; the branch of the V-shaped rivulet which is nearer the apex of the wing is either altogether wanting, or its pale yellowish tip only is visible near the posterior margin, as it is represented on Tab. XI, f.°22. The hyaline band running from the basis of the second basal cell towards the costa forms (as it also does in 7. consobrina and pseudoparallela), a row of three contiguous spots. Besides the different picture of the wings, T. hamata differs from T. consobrina and still more from 7. pseudoparallela in the shape of the wings, which are comparatively narrower and a little less obtusely rounded at the tip. Moreover, the ovipositor of the female is a little shorter and more slender towards the tip than in 7. consobrina; but it is very much longer than that of 7. pseudopuraileja. Hab. Brazil. 230 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. c. T. integra nu. sp. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 23.) Long. corp. 0.41, long. terebre 0.36—0.37; long. al. 0.42. The abdomen of this species is longer and narrower than in the other species. The picture of the wings is paler and yellower than that of Trypeta parallela, but otherwise resembles it more than any other, as in both, the first hyaline band is not divided in three contiguous spots. However, in the present species this band becomes narrower towards the costa and stops before reaching it, neither of which is the case in 7. par- allela. Moreover, its wings are much narrower and less obtusely rounded at the tip; likewise they show no trace of the wavy course of the second longitudinal vein and of the curvature of the third, which is so well marked in 7. parallela. The ovipositor is remarkably long in comparison to the size of the body, longer than in all the other species described here. The design of the picture might give rise to the supposition that 7. integra and 7. obliqua Macq. are identical. The much smaller size of 7. obliqua Macq. and the much shorter ovipositor, however, render this impossible. From 7. consobrina and pseudoparallela this species is sufficiently distin- guished by the different shape of the first hyaline band of the wings. Hab. Brazil. d. T. consobrina n. sp. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 21.) Long. corp. 0.31—0.32, long. terebre 0.26—0.27; long. al. 0.38. Abdomen short. The venation shows more analogy to that of 7. par- allela than to any other species mentioned here, as the third longitudinal vein is somewhat curved beyond the small crossvein; the second longi- tudinal likewise shows a vestige of a weak undulation (which is not rendered in the figure). The outline of the wings likewise resembles that of 7. parallela especially in the obtuse rounding of the apex; but the wings are narrower in comparison to their length. \ The picture of the wings is considerably paler than in 7’. parallela, and resembles in outline that of 7. pseudoparallela, so that the males of both species may easily be taken for each other, unless attention is paid to the difference in the course of the third vein. The females of both are very easily distinguished, as the ovipositor of 7. consobrina is considerably longer than that of 7. pseudoparallela. Hab. Brazil. % e. T. pseudoparallela. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 24.) Long. corp. 0.35, long. terebre 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.38—0.39. The wings resemble those of 7. parallela in outline very much, differ, however, in the fact that the second and third longitudinal veins do not show the peculiar course which they have in 7. parallela. The picture of the wings is but little paler than in 7’. parallela, but differs from it considerably in the breaking up of the first hyaline band into three con- “is DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 231 tiguous spots. In speaking of 7. consobrina, I have adverted to the dif- ference between the males of the two species, which otherwise are closely alike. The female of this species cannot easily be mistaken for that of T. consobrina or any other of the species described here. Hab. Brazil. The great importance which the comparative length of the ovipositor has for determination of the closely resembling species of the present group, induces me to give here the following figures representing the average of several measurements. The relation of the length of the ovipositor to that of the rest of the body is in pseudoparallela 1: 2.6; in parallela 1:1.8—1.9; inhamatal:1.5; in consobrina1:1.2; inintegral:1.1. Their relation to the length of the wing is in pseudoparallela 1: 2.8; in parallela 1: 2.1; in hamata 1:1.6; in consobrina 1: 1.4; in integra 1:1.2. Trypeta Ocresia Walker (List, ete., IV, p. 1016), from Jamaica, is an Acrotowa, closely allied to the species described by me. Whether Zrypeta Acidusa Walker (ibid., p. 1014) from Jamaica likewise belongs here is uncertain, as the author does not state whether the end of the third longitudinal vein is directed forwards or backwards; moreover there is no statement whatever concerning the shape of the scutellum and the numbef of its bristles. If this species is an Acrotoxa, it cannot possibly be identified with any of those described above, on account of the differences in the coloring. The same applies, in a greater measure still, to Zrypeta serpentina Wiedemann, already alluded to above. In order to bring together whatever I know concerning the Trypetz belonging to the group Acrotoxa, I give on Tab. XI, f. 26, a copy of the figure of the wing of Trypeta grandis Macq. (Dipt. Exot. Suppl., I, p. 212. Tab. XVIII, f. 14), from New Granada, and on Tab. XI, f. 27, that of the wing of Urophora bivittata, Macq. (Dipt. Exot., II, 3, p. 222. Tab. XXX, f. 7), of unknown habitat. Both wings show an outline somewhat different from the other Acrotoxe, more oblique transverse veins, a more narrow first posterior cell, a we@ker forward turn of the third vein, ete. I am inclined to believe that these differences do not, for the most part, exist in reality, but are only due to the usual inaccuracy in Macquart’s figures; and for this reason I believe that both 7. grandis Macq. and Urophora bivittata Macq. are Acrotoxx. Should my supposition prove correct, then it becomes very probable that America is the habitat of the latter species. 232 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. 4. T. vulnerata n. sp. 4 9.—Fusco-nigra, infra fusca; caput ex- albidum, fronte et facie ochraceo-vittatis, antennis, palpisque lutescen- tibus; scutellum subtumidum, setis quatuor preditum; pedes lutei, femoribus tamen posterioribus fusco-nigris; alw latiuscule, cellula stigmaticali brevissima, quadrata, cellula marginali lata et cellula pos- teriore prim& adversus apicem angustata instructz, fasciis nigris inter se coherentibus similiter atque Aciure@ lychnidis F., picte, colore tamen nigro adversus alarum basim latius diffuso. Blackish-brown, under side brown; head whitish, front and face with an ochre-yellow longitudinal stripe, antenne and palpi more clay-yellow- ish; scutellum rather tumid, with four bristles; feet clay-yellowish, the posterior femora, however, brownish-black; wings rather broad, with a short, square stigmatical cell, a broad marginal cell and a first posterior cell, which is attenuated at the posterior end; the black, con- nected crossbands almost resemble those of Aciura lychnidis Fab., but the black coloring is more extended towards the basis. Long. corp., %, 0.18, 9, cum terebra 0.24; long. al. 0.18. Coloring of a rather shining brownish-black; the humeral region and the under side of thorax and abdomen brown. Head whitish, front and face with a conspicuous ochre-yellow or almost orange-yellow middle stripe. Antenne clay-yellowish, descend- ing below the middle of the perpendicular, very little concave, face; the first two joints with short black pile; the third with an almost sharp anterior corner; arista brownish-black with an extremely short pubescence; oral opening of a medium size; the broad palpi do not extend beyond its anterior edge, which is slightly drawn upwards. Cheeks of a very moderate breadth ; at the lower corner of the eye, there is an ochre-brownish spot and a black bristle. The usual frontal bristles black and of a con- siderable length; between the two black bristles inserted upon the little stripes, coming down from the vertical margin, there is, on each side, a short, white bristle; four similar bristles are inserted upon the posterior vertical margin; the erect pile of the occiput and the cilia of the upper posterior orbit of the eve are white. Thoracic dorsum and pleure with a very scattered, almost stubble-shaped white pile and black bristles. Scutellum very convex, perceptibly swollen, with four long bristles. The inter- mediate abdominal segments have a more or less distinct pale coloring on the posterior margin; all segments, with the excep- tion of the posterior one, have some scattered whitish pile towards the posterior margin and blackish pile on the lateral margins; the DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 233 last segment, towards its end, has several black bristles. Ovi- positor flat, rather broadly truncate, hardly as long as the last three abdominal segments taken together, blackish-brown or black, with black pile. Front feet, as well as the entire fore- coxe, clay-yellow; on the posterior feet the first joint of the cox and the femora are brownish-black, or dark brown, the second joint of the coxe, the tip of the femora, and the entire tibiz and tarsi are clay-yellow; the under side of the front femora bears a row of black bristles, while the under side of the posterior femora is without them. Halteres infuscated. Wings large, rather broad, with convex anterior and posterior margins; veins, with the exception of the first longitudinal, without bristles; the first longitudinal vein turns, not very far beyond the end of the auxiliary vein, in a sharp, rectangular fracture, perpendicularly towards the margin of the wing, which causes the stigmatical cell to assume a strikingly short and square shape; the second longitudinal vein is rather distant from the anterior margin of the wing and has a rather straight course, so that the marginal cell, although rather broad, is attenuated towards its end; the third longitudinal vein is turned backwards towards its end, so that the first posterior cell is somewhat attenuated at the end; the small crossvein is placed about the middle of the discal cell, which becomes considerably broader towards its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein has a wavy course; the posterior crossvein is very steep and only very gently curved ; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a point in the usual way. The picture of the wings has somewhat the appear- ance of rivulets, and consists of conspicuous and rather well- defined broWnish-black crossbands, which come in contact almost in the same way as in the European Aczdia lychnidis Fab. (com- pare Loew, Bohr fliegen, Tab. III, f. 4); the picture of the pre- sent species differs, however, in the more considerable extent of the black coloring on the basis of the wings; the black bands leave two hyaline indentations on the anterior and three on the posterior margin; these hyaline spots have, in a certain light, a whitish reflection. The first of these spots on the anterior mar- gin is a rectangular triangle, the hypothenuse of which begins on the costa a little before the end of the first longitudinal vein and runs as far as the anterior end of the small crossvein; the second | hyaline spot, separated from the first by an almost perpendicular 234 ; NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. dark band, runs from the costa over the middle of the penultimate section of the fourth vein, as far as the middle breadth of the discal cell. The first hyaline spot of the posterior margin begins at the end of the last longitudinal vein and reaches as far as the fourth vein; the second and third spots begin, as usual in the species with this kind of picture, at the posterior end of the second posterior cell; both are very pointed at their end, and while the second spot reaches only to the fourth vein, the third goes as far as the third vein. Besides these hyaline spots, there is, at the basis, a small hyaline mark, connected with the whitish tegule; in the anal angle of the wing, near the margin, there isa diluted dot. The last of the dark bands is separated from the costa, as far as the third vein, by a narrow, hyaline border; the small crossvein has a similar, very narrow, hyaline border. A peculiar mark of this species is, that the spot at which the second and third longitudinal veins diverge, forms a knot-shaped, blood- red swelling, like a drop of coagulated blood; the first longitu- dinal vein, near its basis, likewise shows a more or less distinct blood-red coloring. Hab. Massachusetts (Mr. Sanborn). Observation.—Trypeta vulnerata cannot be well located in any of the genera hitherto formed out of the old genus Trypeta. The great resemblance of the picture of its wings to that of Acidia lychnidis Fab. (= discoidea Meig.), naturally suggests its location in the same genus. A closer examination, however, proves that, although its relationship to the species of that genus is rather close, it differs very much in the structure of the head, the very much more swollen scutellum, the structure of the ovi- positor, some details in the venation, and the almost stubble- shaped pile. Thus we are compelled to establish a separate genus, Stenopa, for it, which finds its place next to Acidia. 8. T.fratria Lw. 9. (Tab. X, f. 4.)—Lutea, corpore brevi et lati- usculo, scutello setas quatuor gerente ; ale rivulis luteo-fuscanis, macu- Jara ovatam hyalinam in apicali cellule discoidalis parte sitam inclu- dentibus, apice vene longitudinalis quartz non recurvo. Clay-yellow, stature short and somewhat broad, with four bristles on the scutellum ; wings with yellowish-brown rivulets, which inclose an oval, hyaline spot before the end of the discal cell; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein is not curved forwards. Long. corp. 0.22; long. al. 0.22. . DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 235 Syn. Trypeta fratria Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 67. Tab. II, f. 4. ? Trypeta liogaster THomson, Eug. Resa, p. 578, No. 251. Hab. United States (Osten-Sacken). Observation.—I have nothing to add to the description of this Species as given in the first part of these Monographs. Its close relationship to the European 7. heraclei Lin. is a sufficient proof that this species is a true, typical Acidia. I believe that T. ltogaster Thoms. is this same species, although he describes the ovipositor as darker than I find it in my specimen. 9. T.suavis Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 10.)—Dilute lutea, corpore brevi, latiusculo, scutello setis quatuor instructo; ale rivulis latissimis fuscis, in formam litere § confluentibus, picte, apice venez longitudinalis quartz non recurvo. Pale clay-yellowish, stature short and rather broad, scutellum with four bristles ; wings with very broad brown rivulets, which coalesce in the shape of the letter S; the tip of the fourth vein is not curved forwards. Long. corp. 0.20; long. al. 0.21. Syn. Zrypeta suavis Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 75. Tab. II, f. 10. Hab. Middle States (Osten-Sacken). I possess only one very badly preserved specimen, which I described in the Monographs, ete., Part I. The species is easily distinguished on account of the peculiar picture of its wings. Of all the genera hitherto established in the family 7rypetide, the present species undoubtedly belongs to Actdia; and, as far as the imperfect preservation of my specimen allows an opinion, it agrees with the Acidie in all the important characters, except one: while all the European Aczdiz have the third longitudinal vein more or less bristly, I perceive no bristles, whatever, in T. suavis, and have no reason to suppose that they have been rubbed off. Such an agreement of characters decides me to place T. suavis in the genus Acidia; at the same time, however, the bristles of the third longitudinal vein cannot any longer be con- sidered as characteristic of the genus Acidia. 10. T. canadensis n.sp. 9.—Dilute lutescens, segmentis abdomi- nalibus tertio et quarto fusco-fasciatis, corpore brevi, latiusculo, terebra mediocri, lata et late truncaté; alarum rivuli angusti, fusci, apex venz longitudinalis quarte non recurvus. Pale clay-yellowish, with a brown crossband on the third and fourth abdominal segments, stature short and somewhat broad ; ovipositor of 236 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. medium length, broad and broadly truncate; wings with narrow pale brownish rivulets and with a fourth longitudinal vein which is not curved forwards at the tip. Long. corp. 0.18, cum terebra 0.23; long. al. 0.20. Pale clay-yellowish. The head resembles that of 7. fratria in shape, only the front is somewhat broader and the vertical diame- ter of the eyes is a little smaller; the anterior edge of the mouth is more projecting. On the border of the front the described specimen bears, on each side, three long, but rather weak black bristles. Antenne of a more saturate yellow, not reaching the edge of the mouth; their third joint is rounded at the tip; arista blackish, yellow towards the basis, with a very short pubescence. Rostrum and palpi pale yellow, the latter not reaching beyond the anterior edge of the oral opening. Thoracic dorsum with a very thin, whitish bloom, only the double middle stripe and the narrow lateral stripes not pollinose, rather shining and somewhat darker than their surroundings. The posterior end of the thoracic dorsum and the scutellum likewise without pol- len, shining, very pale yellow; a not very broad yellowish stripe runs from the humeral corner to the root of the wings. The scutellum is convex and not very large; in my specimen it has three bristles on one side and only ioe on the other, so that I cannot say whether the normal number of the bristles of the scutellum is six or four. The bristles of the thorax and of the. scutellum, as well as the short pile of the thoracic dorsum, are black. Metathorax distinctly infuscated on its superior margin and its middle line. Abdomen shining, with short black pile; the third and fourth segments have, each at its basis, a chestnut crossband, interrupted upon its middle, while upon the second segment only a lateral beginning of such a stripe is indicated by a chestnut-brown spot. The very broad ovipositor is flat, almost as long as the last three abdominal segments taken together, very broadly truncate and infuscated at the end. The front femora are sparsely beset with bristles upon the upper and under side; the middle femora are entirely without bristles; upon the hind femora, likewise, there are only a few bristle-like hairs before the end of the upper side; the upper side of the hind tibiz is merely beset with exceedingly short bristle-like hairs. Wings of the usual shape, hyaline, with a pale-brown picture; it consists: 1. In an oblique half crossband running from the humeral crossyein DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. ae to the basis of the second basal cell; 2. Of a crossband parallel to the first, abbreviated behind, which begins at the stigma, near the anterior margin, and runs across the basis of the submarginal cell, as well as across the crossveins, which close the second and third basal cells, and thus reaches the sixth longitudinal vein; 3. Of a rivulet which begins above the posterior crossvein, near the third longitudinal vein, runs from it across the posterior cross- vein as far as the posterior margin, is continued along this mar- gin inside of the third posterior cell, but, before reaching the sixth longitudinal vein, is suddenly turned upwards, running parallel to the band which begins at the stigma, crossing the small cross- vein, and thus reaching the anterior margin, where, gradually expanding, it forms a border ending a little beyond the tip of the fourth crossvein. The two crossbands, as well as the rivulet, are of moderate breadth only; the latter has, in the described speci-_ men, the following faded spots, which, in more fully colored spe- cimens, are probably less apparent or altogether absent: 1. A rounded spot in the marginal cell, above the origin of the rivulet; 2. Upon the longitudinal axis of the submarginal cell an indenta- tion in the inner margin of the section bordering the apex of the wing; 3. Upon the longitudinal axis of the first posterior cell an interruption of the rivulet at its origin and an indentation in the inner margin of the portion bordering the apex of the wing; 4. Upon the longitudinal axis of the discal cell a narrow interrup- tion of the section, running again towards the anterior margin; 5. The spot upon the posterior margin connects the first, descend- ing, portion, with the second, which rises again upwards. The first and third longitudinal veins are bristly; the third and fourth are parallel towards their end, both very gently curved back- wards; the section of the fourth vein preceding the discal cell is gently, but rather distinctly arcuated backwards, so that the shape of the discal cell somewhat reminds of that of the species of Rivellia; the crossveins are comparatively rather long, moderately approximated, their distance being about equal to the length of the posterior crossvein; the latter is rather steep, however, per- ceptibly approximated to the apex with its anterior end, more than with the posterior; the posterior corner of the anal cell is very much drawn out in a point. Hab. Canada (Mr. Provancher). [ Norway, Maine; S. J. Smith —seems to be a common species in those regions. O.S. ] 238 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Observation.— Trypeta canadensis resembles the species of Acidia in its general habitus and, at first sight, seems to differ only in the somewhat modified picture of the wings, which seems to hold the middle between the rivulet and the crossband. A closer examination shows, that in the structure of the head and of its parts, as also in the bristles upon the feet, this species is closely allied to Acidia, but that it also shows characters not belonging to that genus; such is the structure of the ovipositor, which is longer, quite flattened, and broadly truncate at the end; also the very peculiar course of the section of the fourth longitu- dinal vein preceding the small crossvein. If the scutellum is provided with six bristles in normal specimens, we would have another important distinctive character from Acidia. 'Thus the admission of 7. canadensis in the genus Acidia would render the limitation of this genus too indefinite, and it becomes necessary to establish a new genus for it, which would be characterized by a modified type of the picture, a peculiar course of the fourth vein, and a different structure of the ovipositor. I will call this genus L'pochra. ) 11. T. longipennis Wiep. % 9. (Tab. X,f. 2 $,3 9.)—Lutea, capite tumido, corpore elongato et angusto; ale longe et anguste, maris adhuc longiores et angustiores quam femine, rivulis luteo-fuscanis picte. : Clay-yellow ; head tumid; body long and narrow; wings long and nar- row, those of the male still longer and more narrow than in the female, pictured with yellowish-brown rivulets. Long. corp. 0.17—0.26; long. al, 0.22—0.30. Syn. Trypeta longipennis Wiepemany, Auss. Zweifl., II, 483,12 (4 9). Strauzia armata R. Desvoiwy, Myod. 719, 2 (4 ). Strauzia inermis R. Desvoipy, Myod. 718, 1 (92). Tephritis trimaculata Macquart, Dipt. Exot., II, 3, p. 226, 8. Tab. XXX, £: 8. Trypeta cornigera WALKER, List Brit. Mus., IV, p. 1010. Trypeta cornifera WALKER, List Brit. Mus., IV, p. 1011. Trypeta longipennis Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 65. It cannot be doubted that Trypeta longipennis Wied., either is a very variable species, or that North America possesses a number of closely allied species, resembling it very much, and which, as long as they are represented only by single, often imperfectly preserved specimens, it is as difficult to distinguish DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 239 and to describe as, for instance, the majority of the European Urophore. It is only by observations upon the insect in life, that the question will probably have to be solved, whether we have here different species or only varieties. In writing the first part of these Monographs I surmised that I had specimens of a single, but very variable species before me. In the mean time my materials have increased considerably, and specimens have been added to it, which differ so materially from the typical 7. longipennis, that my former conviction has been shaken, without, however, having been superseded by the opposite one. I prefer therefore to continue to treat these different forms as varieties of the same species, but, at the same time, to define these varieties with more precision than has been done in the first part of the Monographs. In order to avoid useless repetitions, I will notice in advance that in all the varieties the anterior end of the middle stripe is colored black, and that in all of them, immedi- ately above the root of the wing, there is a small, deep-black dot, which is not visible when the wings are folded. 1. Varietas perfecta, & 2.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two upper ones, in the male, are very much incrassated and truncated at the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes. Scutellum unicolorous; metathorax without black picture. Picture of the wings not very deep in its coloring, complete in both sexes; the male as Tab. X, f. 2. Of this variety I have compared rather numerous specimens. Among those of my collection there is a male and two females, caught at the same time. ‘| 2. Varietas typica & 9.—Of the four lateral bristles on the front the two upper ones are very much incrassated in the male and truncate at the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes; scutellum upon each lateral corner with a well-defined black spot. Metathorax without any black coloring. The picture of the wings is of a rather dark shade, especially towards the tip; com- plete in the female, incomplete in the male, almost like Tab. X, f. 2, except that the rivulet covering the posterior crossvein does not reach the margin of the wing, but gradually becomes more attenuated and pointed and never reaches beyond the posterior end of the posterior crossvein ; the branch of this rivulet which runs along the last section of the fourth vein is likewise very narrow and always disappears at a considerable distance from 240 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. the margin of the wing; the hyaline interval between it and the branch bordering the anterior margin of the wing is, in the male, comparatively longer and conspicuously narrower than in var. perfecta; the female shows the same difference, but very feebly. Wiedemann’s description is based upon specimens of this variety, which is a very common one. The other synonyms, quoted above, likewise belong here, with the only exception of Trypeta cornigera Walker. I possess of this variety four per- fectly well-preserved specimens (a male and three females), caught at the same time by Mr. Auxer in Lancaster City, Penn.; the three females have, at the posterior end of the two posterior abdominal segments, longer, stronger, and somewhat more abun- dant pile than the females, of other varieties. 3. Varietas longitudinalis & 9.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front the two uppermost, in the male, are very much incrassated and truncated at the end. Thorax without any black lateral stripes; scutellum on each lateral corner with a black spot; metathorax without black picture. The wings of the male comparatively narrower than in all the other varieties; their picture coalesces into a single broad longitudinal stripe, which, from the root of the wing as far as nearly the end of the poste- rior basal cells, has a dirty clay-yellowish coloring; beyond this point, it changes into dark-brownish. The interval between the second and fourth longitudinal veins is completely filled by this stripe, with the only exception of a small hyaline spot at the end of the fourth longitudinal vein; moreover, the stripe encroaches a little beyond the second and fourth veins in the shape of little wavy expansions. The picture of the female hardly differs from that of var. typica; only the spot in the costal cell, between the stigma and the humeral crossvein, which is usually wanting in var. perfecta and present in var. typica, is much darker than in the latter species; this is also the case in the male. These statements are taken from a very fine pair of specimens from Sharon Springs, N. Y., collected by Baron Osten-Sacken. He sent me at the same time a male from Connecticut (collected by Mr. Bassett), which agrees with the former in the picture and in the shape of the wings, except that the uniformly brown part of the picture of the specimen from Sharon is clouded with yel- lowish-brown and dark-brown; moreover, in the latter specimen, the spot placed between the humeral crossvein and the stigma is DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 941 very much faded. The description which Mr. Walker gives of his 7’rypeta cornigera refers, if I understand it right, to this variety. [The male specimen from Sharon was caught on the same spot with the female; I possess, moreover, a couple from Connecticut, stuck on one pin, as if caught in copula. Thus there can hardly be a doubt as to the sexes belonging together, the very different picture notwithstanding. O. 8S.] 4, Varietas vittigera, & °.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two upper ones are very much incrassated and truncate at the end. The thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe, two well-marked black lateral stripes of a moderate breadth, abbreviated in front, rather broadly inter- rupted at the transverse suture and pointed posteriorly. Scu- tellum, upon each lateral corner, with a black spot; metathorax on each side with a deep black longitudinal spot. Wings of the male somewhat less elongated than in the male of the var. per- fecta. The picture of the wings in both sexes is complete, hardly different from that of var. perfecta. Of this variety I possess only a male and a female from Nebraska (Dr. Heyden). 5. Varietas intermedia %.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two superior ones, although strong, are not incras- sated and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, in a point. Thorax without black lateral stripes; scutellum upon each lateral corner with a black spot; metathorax on each side with a deep black longitudinal spot. Wings of the male less elongated, and _ perceptibly less pointed than in the first two varieties; the picture of the wings rather intense in coloring, the design resembling that of the female of the first variety; however, the hyaline band passing between the two crossveins is rather con- spicuously expanded at its posterior end. The last joint of all the feet is rather conspicuously infuscated on the sides and at its end. Of this variety I possess only a single male, without indication of the precise locality. 6. Varietas confluens, &.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front the two upper ones are rather strong, but not incrassated and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, ina point. The thoracic dorsum, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe, shows two well-defined black lateral stripes of a moderate breadth, which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly interrupted at the transverse suture, and pointed posteriorly. Scutellum upon 16 242 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. each lateral corner with a black spot. Metathorax on each side with a deep-black longitudinal spot. Wings of the male comparatively less elongated, and less attenuated towards the tip, consequently comparatively broader than in the first and second variety. The picture of the wings is complete, its color- ing uniform, not very saturate, seldom here and there with a trace of darker margins; the oblique. hyaline crossband passing between the crossveins is comparatively narrow, reaches, how- ever, the anterior margin completely. The brownish-yellow rivulet rising across the posterior crossvein is of a considerable breadth in all its parts, so that the branch of it which borders the margin of the wing and that which runs along the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, coalesce in their middle. I possess a single male only (Connecticut ; Mr. Norton); it is one of the smallest specimens of this species in my collection. 1. Varietas arculata &.—Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two upper ones are not stronger than usual among the species of the same size; as usual, also, they end in a point. The thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe, two strongly marked black lateral stripes of moderate breadth, which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly inter- rupted at the transverse suture, and end in a point posteriorly; scutellum with a black spot upon each lateral corner; metathorax on each side with a deep black longitudinal spot. The wings of the male are less attenuated towards the apex than in the males of the first and second varieties, but comparatively less broad than in the sixth variety. The picture of the wings has a rather uniform yellowish-brown coloring. It differs from that of all the other varieties in the fact that the oblique hyaline band, running between the two crossveins, does not reach the anterior margin, but suddenly ends between the second and the third longitudinal veins, so that the border of the anterior margin is not at all inter- rupted beyond the triangular hyaline spot near the stigma; at the same time, this hyaline band is connected with the hyaline streak in the latter portion of the first posterior cell, the rivulet crossing over the posterior crossvein being interrupted here. ‘These modifications give the picture a very different appearance, Of this variety I likewise possess but one specimen (Illinois ; Mr. Brendel); it is but little larger than the male specimen of the sixth variety, DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 243 Observation.— Trypeta longipennis has no immediate relatives among the European Trypetide. From Spilographa abrotani Meig., and macrochzta Lw., which resemble it somewhat in the peculiar shape of the frontal bristles, it differs too much, in the stature of the body, the shape of the head, as well as in the outline, the venation, and the picture of the wings, to be placed in the same genus Spilographa. It must be considered, therefore, as the type of a separate genus. Mr. R. Desvoidy has given it the name of Strauzia, which may be preserved, after being modified into the more correct form of Straussia. The principal charac- ters of the genus Straussia are the following :— _ Body long and narrow; head remarkably swollen, especially the occiput; eyes rounded and rather small fora Trypeta, so that _ in the profile the front advances much before the eyes and the cheeks are very broad. Lateral border of the front raised in the shape of a cushion, so that the whole front assumes the appearance of a basin. Antenne short, reaching, perhaps, as far as the middle of the face; the last joint rounded at the tip Face retreating inferiorly; oral opening small, without any sharp anterior edge; the rather broad palpi not reaching beyond this edge. Scutellum convex, with four bristles. Abdomen elongated and considerably narrower than the thorax. Ovipositor of the female not flattened. Wings comparatively long and only mode- rately broad, in the male narrower than in the female, especially towards their end; the picture consists of rivulets; first and third longitudinal veins distinctly bristly ; the third and fourth veins towards their end somewhat divergent and rather strongly bent backwards; small crossvein placed about the beginning of the last third of the discal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a sharp point. 12. ©. electa Say. 9. (Tab. X, f. 7.)—Lutea, vittis thoracis et scu- tello ex-albidis, angulis lateralibus hujus nigris; tibiz postice setis nigris, proportione longis ciliate; ale hyaline, fasciis duabus integris adversus marginem posticum convergentibus, strigula interjecta a costa ad venam longitudinalem tertiam ducta, et coste ipsius limbo inde a fascid secunda usque ad apicem cellule posterioris secunde pertinente, fuscis. Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of the thorax and scutellum whitish; the latter with blackish lateral corners; posterior tibie ciliated with comparatively long black bristles; wings hyaline, with two complete Q44 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. crossbands, converging towards the posterior margin, an incomplete band beginning at the anterior margin and running as far as the third longitudinal vein, and a border of the costa, beginning at the second crossband and ending at the tip of the second posterior cell; the whole of this picture being brown. Long. corp. 0.29; long. al. 0.29. Syn. Zrypeta electa Say, Journ. Acad, Phil., VI, p. 185, 1. Trypeta electa Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 71, 6. Tab. II, f. 7. I have nothing to add to the description, given in the first part of these Monographs, but I must observe that, deceived by Mac- quart’s insufficient description of his 7. flavonotata, I have taken it to be merely a paler variety of 7. electa Say, while a specimen received since then has convinced me that it is a very closely allied but distinct species. Hab. Florida (Osten-Sacken). Observation.—Trypeta electa belongs in the genus Spilo- grapha. 13. T. flavonotata Mace. 4% .—Lutea, vittis thoracis et scutello unicolore pailidioribus, tibie postice setulis brevissimis pallidis subci- liate ; ale hyaline, fasciis duabus postice paulo abbreviatis adversus marginem posticum convergentibus, strigula interjecta a costa prope ad venam longitudinalem tertiam ducta et coste ipsius limbo inde a fascia secunda usque ad cellule posterioris secunde apicem pertinente, fuscis. Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of the thoracic dorsum and the uni- colorous scutellum paler; hind tibia somewhat ciliated with very short, pale bristles; wings hyaline, with two crossbands, which are somewhat convergent posteriorly and interrupted a little before the posterior mar- gin, a little crossband between them, extending from the anterior mar- gin almost to the third longitudinal vein, and a border of the costa, running from the second crossband to the tip of the second posterior cell; the whole picture being brown. Long. corp. 0.18; long. al. 0.21 —0.22. Syn. Tephritis flavonotata Maca. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 125. Tab. Wil, £.79; This species is very like Trypeta electa Say, differs, however, from it as follows. It is smaller; the head is comparatively smaller and has much narrower cheeks, The third antennal joint ends at a much sharper angle. In what way the picture of the thorax differs from that of Z. electa cannot be well ascertained in my specimen, in which it has become somewhat indistinct, probably in the process of drying; the whitish stripe, running from the humerus to the root of the wings, is very per- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 245 ceptible; there is also a trace of the whitish stripe above the root of the wings; but this stripe shows no trace of the dark border on the inside, which it has in 7. electa; nor do I see a whitish median line. Scutellum comparatively smaller and some- what more convex, without black spot on the lateral corners. The upper border of the metathorax is marked, at each end, with a very small spot of a deep black color. The punctiform black lateral dots, which exist on the last abdominal segment of the female of T. electa, are not perceptible in the male of the present species. All the bristles of the body are less strong and of a paler color, especially upon the femora, and instead of the com- paratively long black bristles with which the upper side of the hind tibie of Z. electa is fringed, there are in the present species only very short pale yellow bristlets. The third longi- tudinal vein of the wings has, at its basis, several little bristles, but upon the remainder of its course, is entirely bare (while the bristles extend much farther in 7. electa). The picture of the wings is very like that of 7. electa, with the following differ- ences: the two crossbands in the middle of the wings do not altogether reach the posterior margin and are also less approxi- mated, that is, they do not form the figure V ; the basal portion of the submarginal cell lying before the first of these bands is hyaline; the picture in the vicinity of the root of the wing is much less extended and much paler, so that its darker portions do not, as in 7’. electa, form a kind of crossband, running almost parallel to the following band. Hab. Yukon River, Alaska (R. Kennicott). Observation.—T. flavonotata is very closely allied to those European species, which I have placed in the genus Zonosema (in my Monograph of the European Trypetidex), and should be placed in it, as long as it is separated from Spilographa. Should, however, Zonosema be united with Spilographa, which seems the best course to follow, owing to the intermediate forms, which occur among the exotic species, then, as a matter of course, 7. flavonotata will have to be placed in the genus Spilographa. 14. T. tetanops n. sp. %. (Tab. XI, f. 15.)—Mellea, capite subin- flato, oculis parvis; ale hyaline, fasciis duabus adversus marginem posticum convergentibus, strigula interjecté inde a costa ad tertiam usque venam pertinente, maculis denique duabus parvis, altera in vene longitudinalis tertie, alteré in quarte apice sitaé, fuscis, his maculis limbo marginis tenuissimo fusco conjunctis. 246 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Honey-yellow, with a rather tumid head and small eyes; wings hyaline, with a brown picture, which consists of two crossbands, converging towards the posterior margin, of a little band, between both, reaching from the costa to the third longitudinal vein and of two little spots upon the third and fourth longitudinal veins, which spots are connected by a narrow infuscation along the margin of the wing. Long. corp. 0.19— 0.20; long. al. 0.17—0.18. Honey-yellow, the head of a purer yellow, somewhat tumid. Front broad, with some scattered, short, very delicate blackish pile; its lateral bristles weak. Frontal lunule very small. Eyes small, elongated, with a rather projecting anterior corner. Face descending straight; edge of the mouth blunt, somewhat swollen; the conspicuously deepened antennal furrows become narrowed below and disappear in the lateral edges of the mouth; the part of the face between them forms an acute, level triangle; the cheeks are remarkably broad, beset with a few short black hairs; oral opening very small; clypeus unusually little developed ; palpi short, but considerably broad, sparsely beset with short, black hairs. Proboscis rather short and stout; the stout sucto- rial flaps, although somewhat long, are not prolonged, nor folded backwards. The upper side of the thorax, with the exception of the posterior and lateral margins, which are shining, is covered with a thin ochre-yellow pollen, and hence opaque; the short pile upon it and the bristles are black; the number and position of the latter is the usual one; of the two pairs of bristles in front of the scutellum, the anterior one is inserted upon very small dots of a somewhat darker color; in the proximity of the suture there are two similar dots; moreover, the trace of a slender dark middle line is perceptible. Scutellum shining honey-yellow, rather convex, sparsely beset with little black hairs and bearing four strong black bristles. Pleure of the same color with the scutellum, beset with black pile. Abdomen, likewise, shining honey-yellow, in the middle with a trace of an ochre-yellow dust, beset with black pile, but without longer bristles. The yellow feet have rather strong femora; the two front femora are beset with bristles upon the under and upper side. Wings hyaline, with a picture which is very like that of the two preceding species. The principal feature consists in two narrow brown transverse bands; the first, somewhat faded at its beginning, starts from the end of the stigma and runs perpendicularly over the small crossvein as far as the proximity of the posterior margin, while Me ot — \ DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. D47 the second begins at the tip of the second longitudinal vein and runs in an oblique direction over the posterior crossvein to the posterior margin; between these two bands there is a short, brown one, extending from the anterior margin to the third longitudinal vein; it follows the same direction as the second band; the tips of the third and fourth longitudinal veins bear each a small brown spot and these spots are connected by a nar- row brown shade along the margin of the wing; a small brown spot covers the end of the anal cell, which is drawn out in an acute point; the inner costal cell, the beginning of the first basal cell, as far as the origin of the third vein, the basis of the sub- marginal cell as far as the first brown crossband, the stigma and the anal cell are tinged with yellow; a yellow coloring likewise surrounds that crossvein, which divides the second basal cell from the discal cell; the basis of the exterior costal cell is:tinged with yellowish-brown. The third longitudinal vein is, in the vicinity of its origin, densely beset with bristles; more sparsely beyond that point; the third and fourth longitudinal veins somewhat diverge towards their end; the small crossvein is a little before the middle of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is straight and steep. Hab. Mexico (Deppe; Mus. Berol.). Observation.—The principal difference between this species and the typical Spilographe consists in the structure of the head, which has been described above; moreover, the wings are com- paratively shorter and the third vein has, as far as its tip, an entirely rectilinear course, while, in all the species of Spzlo- grapha (comp. Tab. X, f. 7), it is gently curved backwards. Should a new genus be founded for this single species, the name (idicarena, alluding to the structure of its head, might be adopted for it. It would seem preferable, however, until a number of allied species becomes known, to let TZ. tetanops remain in the genus Spilographa, with which it is undoubtedly related on account of the great resemblance of the picture of its wings with that of 7. electa and still more of T. flavonotata. 15. T. sarcinata Lw. 9. (Tab. XI, f. 16.)—Sordide lutea, dorso thoracis cinerascente, punctisque aliquot majusculis atris picto, scutello tumido, bimammato atro, alarum angulo axillari fasciisque quatuor valde obliquis ex luteo fuscis, venis transversis obliquis et valde approximatis, cellula discoidali adversus basim valde angustata. 248 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Dingy clay-yellow, with several deep black dots upon the gray thoracic dorsum and with a tumid bituberculate black scutellum ; wings with a yellowish-brown posterior angle and four very oblique yellowish-brown crossbands, with oblique and very approximate crossveins and with a discal cell which is gradually attenuated towards its basis. Long. corp. 0.28; long. al. 0.26—0.27. Syn. ?Tephritis quadrifasciata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 226. Tab. XXX £8. Trypeta sarcinata Lorw, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr., VI, p. 218, and Dipt. Amer. Cent., I, 88. Dark clay-yellow, almost brownish-yellow. The broad head is of a lighter color; front very broad, on the anterior part of the lateral margin with two bristles, and before them, near the orbit, with a small black dot. Antennz yellowish, by far not reaching the edge of the mouth. Face somewhat excavated, but very little protruding towards the edge of the mouth, broad and with broad orbits along the eyes. Cheeks rather broad, with a small black spot near the lower corner of the eye. Oral opening transversely oval; proboscis and palpi yellowish, short, entirely withdrawn in the oral opening; the usual frontal bristles black; the pile on the cheeks, below the black dot which occurs upon them, blackish; the remaining pile on the head is whitish. The upper side of the thorax seems to have an almost black ground color, assumes, however, in consequence of the rather thick pollen which covers it, a gray, entirely opaque, appearance; upon the middle of the thorax, lengthways, there are three pairs of large, black, opaque dots, the largest, anterior pair being on the transverse suture, the posterior pair immediately in front of the scutellum; upon the lateral margin of the thoracic dorsum, the humeral callus, the callus in front of the root of the wings, and a rather large spot above the root of the wings are not clothed with pollen and rather shining black. The ordinary bristles are black; the bristles in pairs, along the thoracic dorsum, are inserted upon the black dots, described above, except upon the anterior pair (where they may have been rubbed off in the described specimen). Scutellum shining black, remarkably swollen, but with a strong coarctation along the longitudinal middle line, and thus appearing bituber- eulate ; each of the tubercles bears a strong bristle, below which a second one, much weaker, seems to have existed. Metathorax and pleure clay-yellow; the immaculate, glabrous abdomen is of the same color. Ovipositor flat, pointed, somewhat longer DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 249 than the last four abdominal segments taken together, of the same color with the abdomen, or somewhat more reddish-yellow, black at the extreme tip only, with scattered, blackish pile. Feet dark clay-yellow. Wings rather large; their picture consists, besides the yellowish-brown posterior corner, of four oblique yel- lowish-brown crossbands, with dark-brown borders; the brown coloring which fills the posterior corner is separated from the first band on the posterior half of the wing only, and that by an oblique hyaline half band, lying in the third posterior cell, but which does not reach the root of this cell; a small, square hyaline spot near the humeral crossvein indicates the separation of the yellowish-brown coloring of the base of the wing from the first crossband; the first and second crossbands are completely coales- cent before the third longitudinal vein; beyond this vein, they are separated by a hyaline, very oblique band, which begins below the basis of the comparatively long stigma and ends at the tip of the fifth vein; the second and third brown bands are separated by a narrow hyaline band, which crosses the whole breadth of the wing, but is almost interrupted upon the second longitudinal vein; the third and fourth brown bands, the latter of which runs along the apex of the wing, are entirely coalescent upon their anterior portion; their posterior portion is separated by a narrow, hyaline, half band, which does not reach the third longitudinal vein; upon the last section of the anterior margin the brown coloring is somewhat spotted and shows here and there a very small pale drop. The venation shows the following pecu- liarities ; stigma rather long, third and fourth longitudinal veins curved backwards towards their end; the very approximate crossveins are very oblique and have their posterior ends nearer to the apex of the wing than the anterior ends; the discal cell is very much contracted towards the basis, and very much dilated towards the end; thé posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out ina sharp point; the third vein has scattered bristles upon nearly its whole extent. Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman; Mus. Berol.). Observation 1.—In the synonymy, I have doubtfully quoted Tephritis quadrifasciata Macq. from Georgia. It is true that Trypeta sarcinata is not recognizable in Macquart’s description ; and if Macquart’s figures had the least claim to faithfulness, the synonymy of these two species would be out of question. But 250 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. with the knowledge we have of the character of Macquart’s pub- lications, we cannot but suspect that his species is after all nothing but the one we have described above. The position and direction of the crossveins, as well as the general pattern of the picture of - the wings, distinctly show a certain analogy to 7. sarcinata. The synonymy cannot be assumed as certain, as Macquart, in his description, does not mention either the black dots on the thoracic dorsum, or the black coloring and the very striking shape of the scutellum of 7. sarcinata; moreover his figure of the wing shows important discrepancies in outline, venation, and picture. By all means, should even the identity of these species be confirmed, Macquart’s name would be lost for it, as it has been preoccupied by Meigen. Observation 2.—The great approximation of the crossveins and their oblique position indicate the relationship of the present species with Gidaspis. It differs, however, in the peculiar shape of the scutellum, the greater length of the wings, and the shape of the discal cell, which is more attenuated towards the basis. The pattern of the picture of the wings differs from that of the European and American species, as far as they are known. For this reason, I do not think that it would be well placed in the genus Gdaspis, and I propose for it the formation of a new genus, Peronyma. The position and direction of the crossveins, as well as the picture of the wings (the second crossband of which, as in (£daspis, incloses both crossveins), remind of Trypeta obliqua Say and the species related to it; however, the structure of these latter species has too little in common with 7. sarcinata to allow their juxtaposition in the same genus. 16. T. discolor Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 1.)—Lutea, abdomine nigro, alarum fasciis quatuor obliquis fuscanis, prima et secunda antice, tertia et quarta postice connexis, vena longitudinali tertia setosa, venisque transversis valde approximatis. Clay-yellow, with a black abdomen; wings with four oblique infuscated bands, the first and second of which are connected anteriorly, the third and fourth posteriorly ; the third longitudinal vein is beset with bristles ; crossveins very much approximated. Long. corp. 0.13; long. al. 0.15. Syn. Trypeta discolor Loew, Monogr., I, p. 64. Tab. I, f. 1. Hab. Cuba. This pretty species is so closely allied to 7. obliqua Say, that DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 251 generically they cannot be separated; the systematic position of these two species and of some South American ones, related to them, will be discussed below (see the last observation to the next following species). 1%. T. obliqua Say. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 14.)—Flava, thoracis dorso postice atro-bipunctato, abdomine maris utrinque punctis atris in seriem dispositis quatuor, foemine quinque notato, ale hyaline, fasciis quatuor obliquis flavis et fusco-marginatis variegate. Yellow, with two deep-black punctiform dots on the posterior end of the thoracic dorsum, and on each side of the abdomen with rows of four similar dots in the male, and of five in the female; wings hyaline, with four oblique, yellow crossbands, bordered with brown. Long. corp. 0.12—0.14; long. al. 0.13—0.14. Syn. Trypeta obliqua Say, Journ. Acad. Phil., VI, p. 186, 3. Trypeta obliqua Lozw, Monogr., I, p. 99. Say’s description, with the additions given by Baron Osten- Sacken in these Monographs, Vol. I, p. 100, is sufficient for the identification of this pretty species. I would only add that in all the specimens examined by me, the males had four, the females five black dots on each side of the abdomen, and that all the specimens showed three deep black dots on the posterior part of _ the pleurz ; one immediately above the middle cox, the second above the hind ones, the third crescent-shaped, surrounding the basis of the stem of the halteres. Ovipositor about as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together, of the same coloring as the abdomen, very little infuscated at the end. Hab. Indiana (Say); Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken; on Ver- nonia in August); Texas (Belfrage). _ Observation 1.—I am in doubt whether Trypeta obliqua also occursin Brazil. The specimens generally labelled with this name in the collections, seem to belong to a different, although closely resembling species. They are usually somewhat larger than the North American specimens of 7. obliqua Say; the pile on the whole body as well as the bristles on the third vein are somewhat longer; moreover, I notice on the sides of the abdomen of the male only two, of the female only three black dots; not fully colored specimens do not show any trace of the three black spots on the posterior part of the pleure, as they occur in 7. obliqua; better colored specimens have a trace of the two posterior spots 952, NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. only. In all other respects the agreement with 7. obliqua is so great, that I do not dare to decide whether this Brazilian Trypeta is a distinct species or merely a variety of JZ. obliqua. It is not to be confounded with another Brazilian species, which is con- siderably larger, and of which I possess only the female. I let its description follow :— T. biseriata n. sp. 9.—Trypete oblique Say, quam magnitudine superat, simillima, sed capite proportione majore, pilis totius corporis longioribus, pleuris immaculatis, alis minus pure hyalinis et cellula - basali secunda non hyalina, sed lutea distincta. Very like T. obliqua Say, but larger, with a comparatively larger head, longer pile.on the whole body and unspotted pleure; wings of a less pure hyaline; second basal cell not colorless, but yellow. Long. corp. 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.22—0.23. Coloring and picture of the body similar to the female of 7. obliqua Say, especially the two black dots upon the posterior portion of the thoracic dorsum and the five black dots upon each side of the abdomen; the black dots which J. obliqua has on the posterior portion of the pleure are entirely wanting here. The pile on the whole body is much longer, black upon the abdomen and especially striking upon the posterior edge of its first segment. The head is proportionally larger. The wings are com- paratively somewhat broader and their surface, especially towards the posterior margin, is a little more dusky; the first and third longitudinal veins are beset with much longer bristles; the venation agrees, in the main, with that of 7. obliqua; the picture of the wings also is very much alike, only the dark portions of*it are less brownish-black and more diluted ; the last two yellow bands are much less extensive; the second basal cell, which in J. obliqua is always hyaline, is altogether tinged with clay-yellow here. The ovipositor is about as long as the last two abdo- minal segments taken together, and is broadly truncate at the end. Hab. Brazil. Observation 2.—Trypeta discolor and obliqua Say, as well as the 7. biseriata described in the preceding observation, are three very closely resembling species, agreeing in all the principal characters. They have no immediate relatives in Europe, with which they could be placed in the same genus; however, they are somewhat allied to @idaspis, as they have the direction of the crossveins and the course of the second crossband, covering the crossveins, in common with that group; in almost all the other important characters they show striking differences. I propose, therefore, the formation of a new genus for them, which I call Pla- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 253 giotoma. ‘The characters of this genus are as follows: In the structure of the head and of its parts and of the scutellum it resembles Acizdia very much; the scutellum, provided with four bristles, is convex, without appearing swollen; the shape of the abdomen likewise reminds one of the species of Acidia; the ovi- positor also has a similar structure, but is longer than in Aczdia, rather broadly truncate at the end. Wings rather large, with a dis- tinctly convex anterior margin; the first and third veins are dis- tinctly bristly ; the crossveins are very much approximated ; their posterior end is nearer to the apex of the wing than the anterior one; the last section of the fourth vein forms a bow, the convex side of which is turned’ towards the anterior margin, so that it distinctly diverges at the end from the end of the third vein, which is much more straight; the posterior corner of the anal cell is drawn out in an acute point. ‘The picture of the wings consists of four very oblique crossbands, the second of which runs over both crossveins; the last crossband forms a border along the apex of the wing. 18. T. palposa Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 9.)—Lutea, abdomine puncto- rum nigrorum seriebus quatuor picto ; ale hyaline, fasciis tribus sordide luteis, prima et secunda perpendicularibus et parallelis, tertia marginali et inde a precedente usque ad cellule posterioris secunde apicem per- tinente. ' Clay-yellow, with four longitudinal rows of black dots on the abdomen; wings hyaline with three crossbands of a dingy clay-yellow, the first two of which are perpendicular and parallel; the third forms a border along the margin of the wing, reaching from the second band to the end of the second posterior cell. Long. corp. 0.26—0.27; long. al. 0.26. Syn. Trypeta palposa Lorw, Monogr. I, p. 74, 8. Tab. II, f. 9. _ The quoted description, drawn from an indifferently preserved male, is sufficient for the identification of the species. I will only notice here that in the first line of that description, Cederh., must be read, instead of Cederli, and that on page 15, line 4, the ex- pression ‘‘ the edge of the tip” means the third band, which forms a border along the last portion of the anterior margin and the apex of the wing. | Hab. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott). Observation.—The present species is a type of the genus Trypeta, in the narrower sense, as defined in my Monograph of the European Trypetina. It belongs in the group of those 954 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. species which are related to Trypeta arctit Deg. and are abun- dantly represented in the Huropean fauna. The most salient features of Zrypeta sensu strict. are also the shape of the head, as well as the size and position of the rather broad palpi, which reach beyond the somewhat projecting anterior edge of the mouth, As these characters are easier to perceive than to describe in a few words, the present species deserves to be studied as a type of Trypeta in the narrower sense. 19. T. florescentiz Lin. 4% 9 .—Ex flavo-virescens, thoracis disco nigricante, postice breviter bifido, maculis alarum hyalinarum quatuor nigris, intermediis fere contiguis, aut in fasciam perpendicularem con- fluentibus. Yellowish-green; the blackish color of the thoracic dorsum which does not reach the lateral margin is slightly bifid posteriorly ; the hyaline wings show four black spots, the two intermediate ones of which are almost contiguous, or confluent in a perpendicular crossband. Long. corp. 4% 0.17, 9 cum terebra 0.20—0.21; long. al. 0.18. Syn. Musca florescentie Linne, Syst. Nat. X, p. 601, 99.' Musca ruficauda Fasricius, Ent. Syst. IV, p. 353, 169. Tephritis punctata Fauten, Act. Holm. 1814, p. 167, 12. Trypeta florescentia MricxEn, Syst. Beschr. V, p. 321. Tab. XLVIII, f. 3. Trypeta florescentie LoEW, Germar’s Zeitschr. V, p. 338. Tab. I, f. 15, Trypeta florescentie Lorw, Europ. Bohrfl. 59,11. Tab. IX, f. 2. Pale yellowish-green. Front, third antennal joint, and palpi usually of a much more vivid yellow. Eyes very much rounded. Face short, excavated; the anterior edge of the mouth distinctly projecting. Antenne rather short; the longer bristle upon the second antennal joint ut little conspicuous. Palpi comparatively long, reaching beyond the anterior edge of the oral opening. Thoracic. dorsum blackish, with the exception, however, of the lateral border and of a cuneiform beginning of a middle stripe, starting from the posterior end, and which renders the black coloring bifid posteriorly. Scutellum immaculate, except on the under side of the lateral angles, and provided with four bristles. Metathorax black. Pleure more or less infuscated, sometimes rather blackish-brown, with a yellowish-green longitudinal stripe upon their upper side and another across the middle. Abdomen with four rows of conspicuous black spots; its pile, in both sexes, is usually whitish; however, along the posterior margin of the single segments, some black hairs are usually inserted; the last DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 255 segment of the abdomen of the male is often clothed with alto- gether black pile. Ovipositor red or brownish-red ; at its basis two, sometimes confluent, black spots are visible; the extreme tip also is usually black; in length, the ovipositor hardly exceeds the last two abdominal segments; it is not very much attenuated towards the end and is beset with black or blackish pile. Feet altogether pale clay-yellow. Wings: hyaline, with a black or rather blackish picture; the outlines of this picture are sur- rounded, in immature specimens, with a purer hyaline, in riper ones, with a more whitish-hyaline hue; beyond this pellucid border, the former kind of specimens show an indistinct, the latter ones a more pronounced gray shade; the picture of the wings consists of four spots, very variable as to their size and the inten- sity of their coloring; the first spot covers the stigma and usually reaches only as far as the second longitudinal vein; the second begins near the anterior margin immediately above the posterior crossvein, thus leaving the tip of the marginal cell uncovered; it becomes narrower and more faint posteriorly, thus reaching more or less completely the anterior end of the posterior cross- vein; the third spot usually appears as a broad border along the posterior crossvein and is more or less coalescent with the second, forming a perpendicular crossband; the fourth spot lies upon the apex of the wing and is more or less triangular, as its inner limit runs perpendicularly from the tip of the second vein to the fourth vein, which limits it posteriorly ; around the small crossvein and in the environs of the root of the third vein there is a more or less apparent, sometimes very distinct infuscation. Hab. Canada (Mr. Provancher); common also in all Europe, where the larva inhabits the flower-heads of different species of Cirsium. ove! | Observation 1.—Europe possesses, besides the variety of this species, discovered by Mr, Provancher in Canada, another form, distinguished by considerably larger and darker spots on the wings. Specimens of both varieties might easily be taken for different species; nevertheless, passages from one form to the other occur in the picture of the wings, and I am not able to discover between both the slightest plastic difference. In Ger- mar’s Zeitschrift, Part V, Tab. I, f. 15, I have figured a wing of the first variety. An extreme instance of the second variety is figured in my Monograph: die Huropdischen Bohrfliegen, Tab. 256 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. IX, f. 2. Meigen’s figure (Syst. Beschr. V, Tab. XLVIII, f. 3) likewise represents the latter variety. It is probable that it will also be found in America. Observation 2.—The present species, as well as the preceding, belongs to the genus Zrypeta in the narrower sense. 20. T. polita Lozw. ©. (Tab. X, f. 12.)—Atra, nitida, scutello tumido concolore, capite preter faciem exalbidam pedibusque lutescen- tibus, ale albido-hyaline, macula basali atra, fasciisque tribus latis- simis fusco-nigris, venis transversis valde approximatis. Deep black, shining; the tumid scutellum is concolorous; the head, with the exception of the whitish face, and the feet clay-yellowish; the whitish-hyaline wings have a deep black spot upon the basis and three very broad deep black crossbands; the crossveins are very much approximated. Long. corp. ? 0.17—0.18, cum terebra 0.22; long. al. 0.17—0.18. Syn. Zrypeta polita Lozw, Monogr. Vol. I, p. 77. Tab. II, f. 12. Hab. Mississippi (Schaum) ; bene D.C.; New York Connecticut (O. S.).? Observation.—I have Soin to add to the above-quoted description. The systematic position of this species will be dis- cussed in the second remark to the following species. 21. T. atra Lw. 59. (Tab. XI, f. 17.)—Atra, nitida, scutello tumido, concolore, capite preter faciem albidam, femorum apice, tibiis tarsisque luteis; ale albido-hyalinz, macula basali atra, fasciisque tribus latis fusco-atris, venis transversis valde approximatis. Deep black, shining; the tumid scutellum concolorous; the head, with the exception of the whitish face, the tip of the femora, the tibiz, and the tarsi clay-yellow; the whitish-hyaline wings have a deep black spot upon the basis and three broad, deep brownish-black crossbands; cross- veins very approximate. Long. corp. % 0.12—0.13, ? 0.13—0.14, cum terebra 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.13—0.15. Syy. Trypeta atra Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219. Trypeta atra LoEw, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, No. 89. Deep black, shining. Front rather broad, of a vivid reddish- yellow; the ocellar triangle, as well as the little stripes descend- ing from the vertex and bearing the uppermost bristles of the vertex, black, with a whitish-gray pollen; anteriorly, on the lateral 1 This species produces the galls on Solidago, described by me in the Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc Vol. II, p. 301. OS: DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. poly margin of the front there are on each side two black. bristles. Antenne yellow; the blackish arista distinctly incrassated at the basis. Face whitish; the anterior oral margin not at all pro- jecting. Cheeks whitish, under the eyes with a more or less brownish-red spot. Oral opening rather round. Proboscis short. Palpi short, but broad, pale yellowish, with some short, whitish pile. The upper and middle part of the occiput for the most part black. The ordinary frontal bristles and some of the bristles on the cheeks are black; otherwise the pile upon the head consists of very scattered, bristle-like, or stubble-shaped whitish hairs, which easily drop off. The upper side of the thorax is shining black, very convex; besides the usual black bristles, it shows white, bristle-like hairs, which border the denuded stripes. Metathorax with white pollen; its lower part shining black; pleure shining black, with some rare, stiff, bristle-like white hairs. Abdomen short, shining black, at the root of the single segments only somewhat glossy, in consequence of a very thin grayish pollen. The scattered, very rough pile on the abdomen is whitish; only the posterior margin of the segments and partly also the middle line of the abdomen, have black hairs. Ovipositor stout, conical, not flattened, shining black, beset with black pile, somewhat longer than the last three abdominal segments taken together. Coxe and femora shining black, only the front femora on the under side with a few black bristles; the tip of the femora, the tibie, and the tarsi brownish-yellow or more reddish-yellow. Wings whitish-hyaline, short and rather broad, with very much approximated and very perpendicular crossveins. The extreme root of the wings is whitish; next follows a rather large and almost deep black spot, reaching as far as the axillary excision, and not much beyond the basis of the small basal cells; the first _ two crossbands, which follow next, are connected near the anterior margin and strongly diverge towards the posterior one; the first of them is even a. little broader than the second and altogether black, while the inner part of the second is partly brown; the third band is separated from the second, near the anterior margin, only by a very narrow hyaline spot; it borders the apex of the wing far beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein, but actu- ally touches the margin of the wing only beyond the tip of the third vein; its inner portion is brown’ anteriorly. Hab. Mexico (coll. Winth.); New York (Osten-Sacken). 17 258 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Observation 1.—The appended figure of the wing is taken from a Mexican specimen. The specimens which I received from New York differ from the former in being a little larger and in the circumstance that the face is somewhat more uneven; perhaps only in consequence of a stronger desiccation. Moreover, the last section of the fourth vein is a little less curved, and the posterior end of the first crossband is prolonged further along the margin towards the posterior corner of the wing. In all other respects the agreement is such that I cannot believe 7. atra to be a different species. From Z. polita the present species is easily distinguished by the much greater divergency of the second and third crossbands on the wings, by the absence of the pale gray. border of the crossbands, which is always perceptible in 7. poltta, and by the black coloring of the femora; moreover, the anterior part of the lateral border of the front bears only two bristles in T. atra, while there are three in J. polita. The Brazilian species T. nigerrima Loew is very much like J. atra, nevertheless they are easily distinguished. In order to facilitate the comparison, I let the description of this species follow. T. migerrima Lorw. 9. (Tab. XI, f. 18.)—Atra, nitida, seutello tumido concolore, thoracis maculis lateralibus utrinque binis velutinis, abdomine fasciis albido-pollinosis ornato, capite flavo, pedibus ex-fer- rugineo luteis, femoribus tamen posterioribus anticoruinque litura ex- fusco nigris; ale albido-hyalinew, macula basali atra, fasciisque tribus fusco-atris, prima latissima, reliquis minus latis, venis transversis valde approximatis. Deep black, shining; the tumid scutellum concolorous ; thoracic dorsum with two velvet black spots on each side; abdomen with crossbands of white pollen; head yellow; feet brownish-yellow, the posterior femora and a stripe on the front femora brownish-black ; wings whitish- hyaline with a deep black spot on the basis and with three black — crossbands, the first of which is very broad, the two others less so; crossveins very much approximated. Long. corp. 0.12—0.13; long. al. 0.12—0.13. Syn. Trypeta nigerrima Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219. Trypeta nigerrima Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, p. 89. Shining black. Head whitish-yellow; the rather narrow and steep front much darker yellow; the frontal bristles black. Antenne dark yellow, rather large, especially the elongated third joint, which has a rather sharp anterior corner. Arista apparently bare, rather slender, not incrassated towards its root, of a pale color. Fade but very little excavated, and very DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 259 little retreating ; the anterior edge of the mouth distinctly projecting in the profile. Eyes elongated. Cheeks somewhat broad, with an infuscated spot near the inferior corner of the eye, and with white pile. Oral opening small, rounded. The rather broad palpi yellowish, beset with whitish pile. Th3 short and not geniculate proboscis dark brown. Thorax shining black, with a metallic lustre in the middle; upon its lateral border, on each side, there are two large, opaque, velvet black spots, sepa- rated by the origin of the transverse suture, which is tinged with yellow. The usual bristles are black; the number of pairs which were inserted on the thoracic dorsum cannot well be ascertained. Moreover, the surface of the thoracic dorsum shows remains of stiff, yellowish hairs, which seem to have bordered the broad, bare stripes and to have also been inserted on the posterior part of the broad middle line. Scutellum turgid, shining black, with four bristles. The upper part of the metathorax is black, as in most of the allied species; the lower portion is covered with white pollen, which does not quite reach its lower margin. Femora with whitish pollen and white hairs; the humeral corner, as well as a little stripe behind it, near the upper margin, are velvet black. Abdomen shining black ; a thin whitish pollen covers the whole anterior part of the first seg- ment, forms, upon the first, second, and third segments, a band along their posterior margin which is perceptibly expanded and sharply emarginate in the middle; the posterior margin of the fourth segment has a similar, although narrower, band. The scattered pile on the abdomen is black, gray at its basis, in part yellowish-white upon the last segment. The flat, shining black ovipositor is about as long as the three last abdominal segments taken together, and is beset with delicate, black pile. Feet red- dish-yellow, the middle and hind femora, with the exception of the extreme root and of the tip, brownish-black; the front femora have a brownish- black stripe upon their upper side. Wings broad, the apex but little rounded, hyaline, somewhat whitish; at their basis there is a large black spot, reaching into the basal cells; besides, there are three black cross- bands, entirely coalescent at the anterior margin of the wing and diverg- ing posteriorly; the first of them, which is by far the broadest and is rather perpendicular, runs from the stigma, over the basis of the discal and of the third posterior cells, towards the posterior margin of the wing; _ the second band is the narrowest, and runs from the stigma over both crossveins, and hence, obliquely, towards the posterior margin; the third band starts from the stigma and follows the anterior margin and the apex, as far as the tip of the fourth vein, but, nevertheless, remains separated from the costal vein by a narrow, irregular, hyaline interval, which extends almost to its very end; near the submarginal cell, this interval is a little expanded and includes a punctiform dot, placed near the third vein; the first and second longitudinal veins are a little more distant from the anterior margin than in most of the related species ; both crossveins are very approximate; the third longitudinal vein is beset with short bristles. Hab. Brazil (coll. Winthem),. 260 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Observation 2.—T. polita and atra, as well as J. nigerrima are closely related in their organization. Among the European Trypete, the species of the genus Oedaspis stand next to them, especially when this genus is confined to Oedaspis multifasciata Loew and its next congeners, at the exclusion of Oed. Wiede- manni Meig. and vesuviana Costa. The American species differ from the above-mentioned Huropean ones (multifasciata Lw., dichotoma Lw., and fissa Loew) in several characters, which they have in common; the most striking of these are: 1. The rather long, stubble-shaped pile; 2. The longer and more pointed ovi- positor; 3. The different picture of the wings. The latter differ- ence will be sufficiently apparent, when the figures which I give of the wings of polita, atra, and nigerrima are compared with the figures of the wing of J. multifasciata, produced in the Europ. Bohr fliegen, Tab. VI, f. 2. The pictures of 7. fissa and — dichotoma agree, in their general features, with that of multi- fasciata. These differences of the three North American species are not of sufficient importance to require the establishment of a new genus for them, and I have not the slightest hesitation in placing them in the genus Oedaspis, in the narrower sense, defined above. 22. W.gibban.sp. 9.—Atra, nitida, scutello tumido, concolore, facie albicante, pedibus subbadiis; ale albido-hyaline, macul& basali atra fasciisque tribus latis fusco-atris, venis transversis valde approximatis, cellula marginali per venulam transversalem adventitiam dissecta. Deep black, shining; the turgid scutellum of the same color; face whitish; feet chestnut-brownish; wings whitish-hyaline, with a deep black spot at the basis, and with three brownish-black crossbands, very much approximated crossveins, and a supernumerary crossvein dividing the marginal cell. Long. corp. 0.13, cum terebra 0.17; long. al. 0.14 —0.15. Very like the three preceding species and closely allied to them, — nevertheless, distinguished in some peculiar plastic characters. Deep black, shining. Front conspicuously broad, of an opaque, dirty, brownish, more reddish-brown on the sides; the four bristles on the posterior part of the vertex, the bristles near the ocelli, the four bristles crowded together and inserted on the small stripes running from the vertex towards the front, finally two bristles on each side, near the lateral frontal border, are all black; the latter two are inserted, one very high up, the other very low DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 261 down, so that the distance between them is remarkably large. Otherwise the head is beset with almost bristle-like white stubble- shaped pile. The very large and sharply defined frontal lunule, the face, including the cheeks, and the lower half of the occiput are whitish; the upper part of the latter blackish, although covered with whitish pollen. The perpendicular diameter of the eyes has about double the length of the horizontal one; neverthe- less, the cheeks are remarkably broad; a brownish stripe runs from the lower corner of the eye perpendicularly towards the edge of the mouth; the hairs, inserted upon its lower end, are brownish-black or black. The first two antennal joints are clay- yellowish; the third joint is dark brown, rather large, short-oval in outline; arista bare, not incrassated at the basis, black. Oral opening larger than in the preceding species; its transverse ~ diameter comparatively larger; proboscis and palpi short, brown. The very convex thorax and the turgid scutellum are deep black, shining, with a very weak metallic, violet reflection; the remark- ably broad lateral stripes and the anterior end of the broad middle stripe are bare. The lateral stripes are bordered with coarse, yellowish, stubble-shaped pile, and the posterior two-thirds of the middle stripe, besides being covered with white pollen, are densely beset with similar hairs. The ordinary bristles of the thoracic dorsum are black, and more numerous than usual, as there are four pairs of them along the longitudinal middle line, the anterior pair being inserted immediately in front of the transverse suture. The shining black metathorax has, under the swelling lying immediately under the scutellum, a crossband of thick white pollen. The pleuree show upon the greater part of their upper half, a thin, whitish-gray pollen, and are everywhere beset with stubble-like white hairs. The abdomen seems to be covered everywhere with a thin gray dust, which is somewhat more dense and more whitish-gray upon the posterior border of the single segments; its rather long stubble-like pile is white. The comparatively long and pointed ovipositor is deep black, shining, and beset with short, fine, black pile. Feet chestnut- brownish. Wings short, rather broad in proportion to their length; the altogether black venation is very similar to that of the immediately preceding species, except that the comparatively broad marginal cell is divided in two halves by a perpendicular crossvein, which touches the costa at a point perceptibly nearer 262 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. from the tip of the first than from that of the second vein. I take this crossvein to be a constant character of the species, as it exists on both wings of my specimen, and as several closely allied Trypetide, for instance Gonygl. Wiedemanni and Caprom. vesu- viana, have it likewise, although incompletely developed. The picture of the wings is not unlike that of 7. atra, in its design as well as in its coloring; the black spot upon the basis of the wings does not cover their extreme root, and extends, on the anterior margin, only very little beyond the humeral crossvein ; it hardly reaches beyond the first longitudinal vein, and dissolves in several radiating points, which occupy the longitudinal middle of the marginal and of the three basal cells and almost come in con- tact (except the hindmost), with similar rays, meeting them from the opposite side and emitted by the first crossband; the first black crossband has almost the same position as in the three pre- ceding species, but it is much narrower, especially towards its end, which reaches the posterior margin; its interior does not show any brownish tinge. The second band runs over both cross- veins, exactly as it does in those three species, and is connected with the first on the anterior margin in the same manner as this is the case in 7. atra; the stigma, lying within this connecting portion, is very short; the veins surrounding it have, on the inner side, a very narrow hyaline border; the interior of the second band is for the most part brownish. The last black band begins in the marginal cell somewhat beyond the supernumerary crossvein in this cell, and reaches some distance beyond the end of the fourth vein; as far as this vein, it is separated from the margin of the wing by a narrow hyaline border, which somewhat projects on the inside on the second and third veins; beyond the fourth vein the band comes in immediate contact with the margin of the wing; the inside of this band is brownish upon the ante- rior two-thirds of its course. Hab. Texas (Belfrage). Observation.—The differences between the present species and the three preceding ones are evident: they consist in an aberrant arrangement of the bristles of the front and of the thoracic dorsum, in the size and shape of the third antennal joint, and in the pre- sence of the crossvein, dividing the marginal cell; nevertheless the agreement between those species in most of the other plastic characters, in the shape of the body and in the picture of the a DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 263 wings, is convincing enough to remove all doubt as to its loca- tion in the genus Cidaspis. 23. T. cingulata Lw. 39. (Tab. X, f. 11.)—Nigra, capite pedi- busque luteis, thoracis margine laterali scutelloque preter margines laterales et anticum dilute flavis, margine postico segmentorum abdo- minalium singulorum albido; ale hyaline, macula parva apicis fas- ciisque quatuor fusco-nigris, harum duabus primis postice abbreviatis et liberis, duabus ultimis integris et antice conjunctis. Black, head and feet clay-yellow; lateral border of the thorax and the scutellum, the latter with the exception of the anterior and lateral border, light yellow; abdominal segments whitish on the posterior border; wings hyaline; a small spot upon the apex and four crossbands brownish-black; the first two bands abbreviated posteriorly and not connected ; the two posterior bands are entire and connected on the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14—0.22; long. al. 0.15—0.20. Syn. Zrypeta cingulata Loew, Monogr. I, 76. Tab. II, f. 11. Hab. Middle States; Long Branch, N. J., in July (Osten- Sacken). Observation.—The description given by me in the first part of - these Monographs will easily help to identify this species. I have nothing to add to it, but must call attention to the great variation in the size of different specimens. The smallest ones which I possess, are without exception males. T. cingulata is closely allied to the European species of Rhagoletis, especially to &. flavicincta Loew; its systematic location is, therefore, not doubtful. 24. T. tabellaria Fircs. 9Q.—Atra, capite, trochanteribus, tibiis tarsisque dilute luteis, thoracis margine laterali scutelloque preter margines laterales albis ; segmentorum abdominalium singulorum mar- gine postico exalbido; ale pure hyaline, fasciis quatuor latis nigris, duabus primis postice, duabus ultimis antice coherentibus. Deep black; head, second joint of the coxe, tibie, and tarsi yellow; lateral border of the thorax and scutellum, with the exception of the anterior and the lateral borders, white; the posterior borders of the abdominal segments whitish ; wings of a pure hyaline, with four broad, black crossbands, of which the first two are connected at the posterior, the last two at the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15. Syn. Tephritis tabellaria Fitcu, First Report, p. 66. 264 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Shining black; head yellowish; occiput black, with a pale yel- low border; front broad, more bright yellow; only the spot upon which the ocelli are placed and the small, very narrow stripes, which run down from the vertex upon the front, are of a blackish color; the usual frontal bristles are black. Antenne of a vivid ochre-yellow; their last joint is elongated-oval, obtuse at the end; arista blackish, with a hardly perceptible pubescence. Oral opening rather large, somewhat longer than broad; its anterior edge drawn up, but not projecting in the profile. Proboscis and palpi short, brown, the latter more clay-yellow towards the tip. The thoracic dorsum shows two.longitudinal stripes, rather dis- tant from each other, somewhat abbreviated posteriorly and covered with a thin, white pollen; upon the anterior part of the thoracic dorsum a similar pollen covers not only the interval between the stripes, but also extends beyond them. The whole of this pollen, however, is but little conspicuous and seems to be easily rubbed off. The humeral angle and a stripe running from it towards the root of the wings, are white. The flat scutellum, with the exception of its lateral border, has the same color. Metathorax without any pollen, altogether shining deep black. The usual bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the scu- tellum are deep black. The other hairs on the thoracic dorsum are very short and delicate. Abdomen shining black; its first two segments are more opaque, being clothed with a brownish- black pollen. The first three segments, upon their posterior mar- gin, have a crossband of a whitish pollen. The very short and soft hairs upon the abdomen are black; the paler crossbands upon the posterior border of the first three segments show some whitish hairs; the bristles upon the sides of the intermedi- ate segments and upon the rather large last segment are black. Ovipositor shorter than the last abdominal segment, broad at the basis, much narrower at the end, shining black and with a black pubescence. Second coxal joint pale clay-yel- lowish. Femora black, only the extreme tip yellowish-brown ; tibie and tarsi pale clay-yellowish ; the former somewhat more brownish at the basis; the bristles upon the upper side of the hind tibie are remarkably short. Wings pure hyaline, almost whitish hyaline, with four entire black crossbands, the first of which of a medium breadth, the three others very broad. The first band is somewhat oblique and begins on the humeral cross- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 265 vein; the second is perpendicular and begins on the stigma; both converge posteriorly and coalesce quite a distance from the posterior margin, so that the cuneiform hyaline space between them does not reach beyond the anterior angle of the basis of the third posterior cell. The third black band runs over the posterior crossvein and is parallel to the second band, so that between both there is a somewhat irregularly limited hyaline erossband, which is perceptibly dilated between the third longi- tudinal vein and the anterior margin; it reaches the latter immediately behind the stigma; the posterior end of the third band shows some inclination to coalesce with the second band near the posterior margin. The fourth band completely coalesces with the third between the costa and the second longitudinal vein, and follows the margin of the wing some distance beyond the end of the fourth longitudinal vein; between the tips of the second and fourth veins, however, there is a rather broad hyaline interval between it and the margin; beyond this point, it touches the margin completely. Hab. New York (Dr. A. Fitch); Canada (Mr. Provancher). Observation.—In the first volume of the Monographs I ex- pressed the supposition that the Tephritis tabellaria of Fitch may not be a Trypeta at all, but an Ortalida; this supposition, however, proved to be erroneous; it is a Trypetida, belonging to the genus Rhagoletis. 25. T.pomonelia Watss. 9.—Fusco-nigra, capite, trochanteribus, femorum apice, tibiis, tarsisque luteis, thoracis margine laterali, scutel- loque preter margines laterales et anticum albis, abdominis colore in piceum vergente, segmentorum marginibus posticis confertim albido- pollinosis, terebra latissima, sed brevi; ale hyaline, fasciis quatuor nigris, prima subbasali, reliquis tribus integris, antice conjunctis, postice divergentibus. Brownish-black; head, second joint of the coxz, tip of the femora, tibia, and tarsi clay-yellowish; lateral margin of the thorax and scutellum, the latter with the exception of its basis and of its lateral margins, white; abdomen more pitch-brown, with crossbands of white pollen on the posterior margins of the segments; ovipositor very broad, but short; wings hyaline, with four black crossbands, the first of which lies near the basis, the last three are connected near the anterior margin and : divergent towards the posterior one. Long. corp. 0.17, cum terebra 0.19; long. al. 0.17. Syn. Zrypeta pomonella Watsu, First Rep. Illin. ete., p. 29-33, f. 2. 266 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. I possess but a single specimen of this species. Its coloring is not fully developed, although otherwise its preservation is per- fect. It is black, with a distinct brownish tinge; its abdomen is — more pitch-brown and rather shining. Head pale yellowish, with a narrow dark yellow front and more ochre-yellow antenne y the third joint of the latter is narrow and rather long, rounded at the end; the slender arista is dark brown, with a short, although distinctly discernible pubescence. The usual frontal bristles are black; behind the ocelli, however, near the lateral margin, two shorter, whitish bristles are placed. Oral opening large, broader than long. Palpi and proboscis pale yellowish, with a pale pubescence; the former do not project beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, the flaps of the latter somewhat prolonged. The thoracic dorsum shows four rather narrow longitudinal stripes, formed by a whitish pollen; these stripes, arranged in pairs, are confluent anteriorly ; the outside stripes are moderately abbre- viated before the posterior margin of the thorax; the inside ones reach only as far as the anterior pair of bristles, inserted upon the longitudinal middle of the thorax; each of the bristles of this pair is placed between the end of the corresponding inside stripe and the outside one; the inside stripes are separated by a broad dark interval, which shows the shining brownish-black color of the remainder of the thorax. When the thorax is viewed from the front side, the light falling in from behind, the pollinose stripes appear somewhat more broad; the interval between the inside stripes appears somewhat nar- rower and a little more opaque; at the same time, this point of view discloses upon the outside stripes and upon the margin of the inside ones, alongside of them, some short, snow-white pile, while the remaining pile of the thoracic dorsum is black. The humeral callosity and a stripe running from it to the root of the wing, is white. The rather flat scutellum is white, blackish on the sides and at the basis. The bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the scutellum are black. The first four segments of the abdomen have each, on the posterior margin, a rather uniformly broad crossband, formed by whitish pollen; the last segment, which has no such band, is paler brown along the posterior margin. The comparatively scattered and not very short pile on the abdomen is black; it is white only on the pale crossband on the posterior part of the first segment. The bristles DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 267 on the sides of the middle and of the last segments are black. Ovipositor very short, about once and a half the length of the last abdominal segment, very conspicuously broad, not much attenuated towards the end, very broadly truncate and somewhat ~ convex; its coloring is a shining brownish-black or black; the pubescence is black. In agreement with the unusual breadth of the ovipositor, the last abdominal segment is also very broad, which causes the whole abdomen to have a peculiar shape. The second coxal joint yellowish; posterior femora black with a clay- yellow tip; front femora clay-yellow, with a large, broad, brown- ish-black stripe upon the hind side; tibie and tarsi clay-yellowish, the tip of the latter dark brown. Hind tibiz on the upper side beset with rather long bristles. flab. Mllinois (Walsh) ; the larva, originally feeding upon the fruit of a Cratzgus, is now frequently found upon the fruits of the apple-tree, which it damages. Observation.—The next relatives of T. pomonella are found in a series of South American species, only a single one of which, as far as I know, has been previously described; it is to be found in Macquart’s Diptéres Haxotiques, Suppl. IV, p. 288, Tab. XXVI,f. 15, under the name of Urophora scutellaris. It is not an Urophora however, and moreover, the name of scutellaris cannot be maintained, as Wiedemann has previously used it for another species. The species may, therefore, be called Trypeta Macquartii. Macquart’s figure shows, that this Brazilian species differs in the picture of its wings from the species of Rhagoletis previously described, and that, in this respect, it is more like the species of Acidia. The structure of its body shows a corre- sponding approach to the species of this latter genus, while, on the other hand, coloring and picture of the body are most strik- ingly like those of Rhagoletis. As this species is also very like the North American Rhagoletis in the structure of its body, the question arises whether it is better to place it in the genus Acidia or in Rhagoletis. I prefer the latter course, because we thus facilitate the generic determination of the allied species. Trypeta pomonella, as has already been mentioned above, is among the number of such species, the picture of its wings being very like that of 7. Macquartii. It is true that it differs not inconsiderably from T. Macquartii in the greater length of the third antennal joint, the considerable size and breadth of the oral opening, and 268 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. the strikingly large transverse diameter of the short ovipositor; but, like Trypeta Macquartii, it agrees with the true species of Fhagoletis in the coloring and in the picture of the body, so that I prefer, for the present, to leave it in that genus. It may be objected that, in this case, I lay a greater stress upon peculiari- ties of the coloring and mere differences of habitus than upon plastic characters. In answer to this objection I may state that I fully appreciate the value of plastic differences in matters of generic grouping of species, but that the knowledge of the exotic Trypetzx, as well as the existing descriptions of them, are not sufficient for their generic distribution upon plastic characters only. Most descriptions mention but very little about these characters, the more so as in most cases they have to be drawn from a few indifferently preserved specimens, which do not allow a sufficiently clear view of such characters. And thus it happens that peculiarities of coloring and other habitual characters become in many cases very useful for the generic distribution of exotic Trypete, especially in cases where the only available plastic characters are of a very delicate nature and hence more difficult to perceive. It is true that the exotic species thus treated are merely grouped, and not systematized ; but this grouping in itself is a progress towards the determination of the species, and is one of the usual steps towards a systematic distribution. 26. T. imsecta Lw. 9. (Tab. X, f. 8.)—Thorace nigro, capite, abdomine pedibusque luteis, alarum nigrarum incisuris marginalibus, guttulisque inter venarum longitudinalium tertiam et quartam tribus vel quatuor pellucidis, vend longitudinali tertiad nuda, setis scutelli duabus. Thorax black; head, abdomen, and feet clay-yellow; wings black, with hyaline indentations along the margin and with three or four hyaline drops between the third and fourth veins; the third vein not bristly ; scutellum with two bristles. Long. corp. 0.14; long. al. 0.14. Syy. Zrypeta insecta Loew, Monogr. I, p. 72. Tab. II, f. 8. Hab. Cuba (Poey). [Hayti; P. R. Uhler.—O. 8.] Observation 1.—T. insecta belongs to the typical species of the genus Aciura, the scutellum of which bears only two bristles. The picture of the wings of this genus is characteristic. Observation 2.—Another Trypeta of the same genus occurs in Brazil, which may be easily mistaken for Trypeta insecta. I prefer, therefore, to describe it here :— DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 269 T. phoenicura n. sp. % Q. (Tab. XI, f. 12.)—WNigra, capite pedi- busque ochraceis, alarum nigrarum incisuris marginalibus guttulisque inter venas longitudinales tertiam et quartam tribus pellucidis, vena longitudinali tertia nuda, setis scutelli duabus. *,. Abdomen ex ferrugineo rufum, segmento ultimo nigro. @. Abdomen nigrum, basi ferruginea, terebra lata lete aurantiaca. Black, head ad feet ochreous-yellow ; wings black, with hyaline inden- tations along the margin and with three hyaline drops between the third and fourth longitudinal veins; the third longitudinal vein is not bristly ; the scutellum has two bristles. *,. Abdomen ferruginous, its last segment black. ¢. Abdomen black, ferruginous at the basis; the broad ovipositor is of a vivid orange-yellow. Long. corp. § 0.14, 9 0.15—0.16; long. al. 0.14. Black; head of an impure ochre-yellow; the occiput alone mostly blackish; front narrow, especially anteriorly; frontal bristles black. Eyes very large, cheeks very narrow. Face short, concave; nevertheless, the anterior oral edge not projecting in the profile. The antenne reach down to the oral edge; their third joint is rounded at the tip; the blackish arista is long and slender, apparently bare. Oral opening of medium size, rounded; proboscis not geniculate. The thorax and the two- bristly scutellum are black, their short pile yellowish-white, their bristles rather black; the somewhat rounded abdomen of the male is of a dirty ferruginous color (in living specimens its color may be purer) ; its last segment is black. The extent of the black color is greater in the female abdomen, the first segment, the basis of the second, and the anterior corners of the third alone, being ferruginous. The short pile of the abdomen is paler, almost yellowish in the male, somewhat brown in the female ; on the posterior border of the last segment of the abdomen of the female there are some black hairs. The flattened, comparatively broad ovipositor, attenuated towards its end, has a shining surface; its color is a very bright orange-yellow, the tip alone shows a narrow black border; its short pubescence is pale. Coxe and feet ochreous-yellow; the extreme tip of the posterior femora is somewhat blackish. Wings com- paratively long and narrow, towards the end somewhat less broad and less obtuse than those of 7. insecta, black, with a hyaline picture; near the costa, anterior to the stigma, there are three small hyaline spots, the first anterior to the humeral crossvein, the two others in the costal cell; immediately beyond the stigma, which is altogether black, there are two conspicuous triangular hyaline spots, which, with their pointed end, do not quite reach the third longitudinal vein; on the posterior margin of the wing there are six hyaline indentations, the last of which alone ends in a point; the first two are connected with the almost hyaline posterior angle of the wing, reach as far as the fifth longitudinal vein, and are separated by a much broader black band than the other indentations; the two following indentations cross beyond the fifth vein, the first below the 270 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. small crossvein, the second immediately before the end of the discal cell; the fifth indentation follows the outer side of the great crossvein (which runs obliquely backwards); the sixth, separated from the preceding by a black band of moderate breadth, is almost triangular; the three small hyaline dots between the third and fourth veins lie, the first under the stigma, the second between the two crossveins, near the fourth vein, the third above the last of the hyaline excisions along the posterior margin. Hab. Brazil. The coloring of the abdomen of J. insecta and phenicura seems to be somewhat variable, and hence not to be relied on as a specific character; the more marked are the differences in the out- line and picture of the wings. , 2%. 'T. peecilogastra n.sp. 4 .—Lutea, scutello setis sex instructo, abdomine nigro-variegato, alis latis fuscis, inequaliter limpido-guttatis, venisque longitudinalibus prima, tertia et quinta confertim nigro-setosis. Clay-yellow, scutellum with six bristles, abdomen variegated with black; wings broad, blackish-brown, with unevenly distributed hyaline drops ; the first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins densely beset with black bristles. Long. corp. 0.21; long. al. 0.24. Clay-yellow; the color of head and antenne more ochre-yellow; the last joint of the latter elongated, rounded at the tip; the long brown arista beset with a very short pubescence. The face is rather retreating nearly as far as the vicinity of the anterior edge of the mouth; the latter is somewhat turned upwards and abruptly projecting when seen in profile. The vertical diameter of the eyes has double the length of the horizontal one; hence, the cheeks are very narrow. Proboscis tumid; palpi rather broad and short, although they project a little beyond the anterior edge of the mouth. The usual frontal bristles are black. The two pairs of bristles on the middle line of the thoracic dorsum are weak and of a blackish-brown color, like the other thoracic bristles; the anterior pair is at an unusual distance behind the transverse suture. Scutellum rather flat, with six brown bristles. |Metathorax with two brown longitudinal stripes. Abdomen with a complicated black picture, the only visible por- tions of the ground color being an uninterrupted middle line of almost trapezoidal spots, and on both sides of it, two rows of other spots; the spots of the outer row lie on the anterior angles of the single segments; those of the inner row on the anterior . DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 271 borders of the segments. Feet pale clay-yellowish. Wings broad, blackish-brown, with large and small hyaline dots, unequally distributed ; the costal cell is pale brown between the extreme basis and a trifle beyond the humeral crossvein; next follows upon the costa a square brown spot, and then a square hyaline space, somewhat encroaching upon the stigmatical cell, so as to include the end of the auxiliary vein, which runs perpendicularly towards the margin of the wing; the stigmatical cell is other- wise tinged with blackish-brown and has, close to the anterior margin, two hyaline drops; immediately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein, near the anterior margin, there is a hyaline drop, reaching as far as the second longitudinal vein, the largest in the whole picture of the wing; in the vicinity of the apex of the wing the drops are larger than in the fiddle and more close together; so that a row of dots, reaching from the tip of the second vein to the posterior angle of the second posterior cell, and moreover four dots along the margin of the wing, may be dis- cerned; among the latter, the first lies in the submarginal cell and is connected with a little drop behind the third vein; the second lies at the extreme tip of the wing; the last two in the second | posterior cell; a second group of larger drops lies in the third posterior cell, immediately below the stigma; it consists of four drops, between which the black ground color is more or less faint, and of two other drops on the anterior side of the fifth vein; between this group of drops and the fifth longitudinal vein, there is, near the margin of the wing, a single larger drop; the posterior angle of the wing is brownish-gray, with several rather large limpid drops; the middle of the wing shows only small and isolated drops. The first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins are very. closely beset with rather strong bristles; the second is strongly curved; the third and fourth diverge towards their end; the small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of the very broad discal cell, and the posterior crossvein has a very steep position; the anal cell is drawn out in a narrow and very long lobe. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). Observation.—The six bristles upon the scutellum, as well as the dense bristles upon the first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins, distinguish 7. pecilogastra from all the following species, provided with a reticulate picture of the wings. It is very 272 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. closely allied to the species of Hexacheta, in which, however, as far as I know them, the fifth vein has bristles upon the basis only, while in the present species the bristles almost reach to the tip, For this reason, as well as on account of the different character of the picture of the wings, I do not deem it convenient to place it in the genus Hexacheta. Whether Mr. Saunders’s genus Dasyneura would better answer for it, I am unable to say, as I have not been able to procure the publication which contains it. For the present therefore I set this species up as the type of a new genus, which I call Blepharoneura. 28. T. testudimea n. sp. (Tab. XI, f. 13.)—Ex luteo fusca, capite, thoracis dorso, pedibusque luteis, terebré duobus ultimis abdominis segmentis semel sumtis paulo longiore; ale valde dilatate, e nigro fusce, strigis duabus hyalinis inde a margine cellule posterioris secunde usque ad venam longitudinalem tertiam ascendentibus, primo limbi costalis dimidio grosse nigro maculato, disco alarum guttulis minutis pellucidis confertim asperso. Yellowish-brown, head, thoracic dorsum, and feet clay-yellow; the ovi- positor only a little longer than the last two abdominal segments taken together ; wings very broad, blackish-brown ; two hyaline indentations reach from the posterior side of the second posterior cell to the third longitudinal vein; the anterior half of the region along the costa shows a number of large, black spots: the central portion of the wing is occupied by many small, hyaline drops. Long. corp. cum terebra 0.21; long. al. 0.19. A species very much resembling the 7. latipennis Wied., but differing in the smaller size and the less minute dots on the central portion of the wing. The coloring of the body is yel- lowish-brown, but may be somewhat darker in fully colored spe- cimens. The ground color of a great part of the upper side of the thorax is blackish, but very much concealed under a thick clay-yellow pollen. Front opaque, of a moderate breadth, still narrower anteriorly; the usual frontal bristles are brown. Eyes large, elongated; cheeks very narrow, with much pile; face short, descending rather perpendicularly, but distinctly excavated under the antenne; the anterior edge of the mouth not projecting. Antenne ochre-yellow, of a medium length, but, owing to the shortness of the face, reaching to the anterior edge of the mouth; the third joint has a rather rounded anterior corner; the mode- rately long arista thin and bare. The middle of the thoracic DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 273 dorsum shows traces of a pair of bristles. Scutellum but little convex, provided with four bristles. Metathorax blackish with a grayish-yellow pollen. The color of the pleure, in the described specimen, does not differ much from that of the remainder of the body; it seems, nevertheless, that, in more fully colored speci- mens, a considerable portion of the pleure may be blackish; they are thickly clothed with a clay-yellow pollen; the pile and the bristles upon them, like those on thorax and scutellum, are yel- lowish-brown. The abdomen shows a trace of four dark longitu- dinal stripes, formed by very much faded blackish spots; the pile upon it is somewhat shorter and rather blackish upon the anterior half of the single segments; upon their posterior half, it is some- what longer and almost whitish; yet the long bristles on the posterior border of the last segment are blackish-brown. The flat ovipositor, which in the allied J. latipennis Wied. equals the last four abdominal segments in length, is but a little longer here than the last two segments taken together; it is of the same color with the abdomen, somewhat blackened at the root and tip, and beset everywhere with short blackish pile. Feet brownish- ochre yellow. Wings very broad, very like those of 7. latipennis in outline, venation, and picture; proportionally, however, they are not quite as broad and not quite as convex on the .anterior margin; upon the apical third of the wing there are three cross- bands, connected anteriorly and separated by narrow, hyaline intervals, beginning at the posterior margin; the first band is contiguous, on its outer side, to the posterior crossvein, and expands across it near its posterior end; the second runs across the middle of the second posterior cell, the third borders the apex of the wing. The remaining portion of the surface of the wing, beyond the second longitudinal vein, has a somewhat darker brownish tinge, and is covered with a multitude of small hyaline drops, which partly coalesce into longitudinal rows, and in some places, as at hoth ends of the small crossvein and here and there on the longitudinal veins, leave unbroken brown spots. Upon the posterior margin, there is a broad brown border, bearing a few larger, but not very well-defined drops, which are also less hyaline than those of the centre of the wing; on the posterior angle of the wing the border is somewhat faint. The brownish- black stigma coalesces with a spot of the same color immediately behind it, which spot crosses but little the second longitudinal 18 274 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. vein; two large spots of the same color lie in the exterior costal cell and fill out a large portion of it; a double spot of the same color is in the marginal cell immediately beyond the stigma; finally, there are two large spots of the same kind on the second longitudinal vein, the one upon its root, the other below the double spot in the marginal cell. The basis of the exterior costal cell is irregularly reticulate with very small drops. -A small hya- line spot is situated between the double spot of the marginal cell and the end of this cell, filled out by the common origin of the three crossbands which occupy the apex of the wing. The third longitudinal vein is distinctly bristly, gently curved forward before its end and as gently backwards; posterior crossvein long, but not as long as in 7. latipennis Wied. Hab. Cuba (Otto); in the Berlin Museum. Observation.—The present species forms, with 7’. latipennis Wied. and a group of related species from South America, an easily recognizable genus, very well characterized by the breadth of its large wings, their outline, which reminds of Phasia, and their peculiar picture. These species also have the structure of the head and the bristly third vein in common. I adopt for this genus, apparently exclusively American, the name of Acrotenia, in allusion to the most striking peculiarity of the picture of the wings. 29. T. sparsa Wisp. 4% 9. (Tab. X, f. 13.)—Fusca, ale latissime, subrotundate, nigre, albido-guttulate, apice albido-marginato ornate. Brown; wings very broad, almost round, black, with whitish drops, and the apex margined with white. Long. corp. § 0.15—0.27; 9 cum terebrA 0.19—0.30; long. al. 0.16—0.26. Syn. Trypeta sparsa WiepemAnn, Auss. Zweifl. Il, p. 492. Trypeta caliptera Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, p. 187, 3. Platystoma latipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 200. Tab. XXVI, f. 8. Acinia noveboracensis Fitcu, First Report, 67. Trypeta sparsa Louw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 78. Tab. II, f. 13. Hab. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott); Texas (Bel- frage). Observation 1.—Trypeta sparsa Wied. is either a very vari- able species, both in its size and in the shape of its wings, or else several species are mixed up here, which, owing to the insuffi- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 275 ciency of my materials, I am unable to distinguish. The description given in the first volume of these Monographs refers to the specimen from Northern Wisconsin River. Another spe- cimen from the same locality, much smaller and paler and with less broad wings, has been mentioned in a note, appended to the same description. The mention concerning the size of the spe- cimen, however, has been omitted there. The drops on the wings of that specimen are larger and more-rounded than in ordinary specimens and show less tendency to form longitudinal rows; the costal cell also contains such drops, while in the larger specimens it shows at the utmost some pale drops along the auxiliary vein. Nevertheless, even now, I would not consider this specimen but as a variety of 7. sparsa. Observation 2.._Wiedemann’s collection contains at present, under the name of 7. sparsa, a pair of specimens, the communi- cation of which I owe to the kindness of the Vienna Museum. In the list of species sent to me, they were marked as coming from Brazil. As Wiedemann prepared his description from a single female of unknown origin, it seems hardly probable that the female specimen now existing in his collection is the typical one. It is more likely, on the contrary, that the couple of specimens from Brazil now to be found in the collection was later added to it by Wiedemann. Both sexes most closely resemble my Wis- consin specimens, except that the wings are still broader, which is caused by the greater breadth of the costal and stigmatical cells; their anterior margin is distinctly more convex. These specimens seem therefore to belong to a South American species, very closely allied to the North American one. However, my conviction that such is the case has been somewhat shaken by a number of specimens from Texas, collected by Mr. Belfrage. The larger ones have the wings a little broader than the larger specimens from Wisconsin, and the pellucid drops are less regu- larly distributed; the costal and stigmatical cells are not broader; a small and incompletely colored specimen has much narrower wings than the larger specimens; yet they are broader than the wings of the above-mentioned smaller specimen from Wisconsin. Whether the specimens from Wisconsin and Texas belong to the same species, will have to be proved by further observation. Observation 3.—The present species, together with 7. rotun- dipennis, aS well as the species represented by the above- 276 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. mentioned specimens from Brazil, now called JZ. sparsa in Wiedemann’s collection, form a separate genus, the characters of which may be easily gathered from the descriptions of 7. sparsa and rotundipennis in the first volume. I call it Hutreta, in allusion to the characteristic picture of the wings. 30. T. rotundipennis Lw. %. (Tab. X,f. 14.)—Fusca, alis latis- simis, rotundatis, nigris, albido-guttatis, in marginibus antico et apicali maculas minutas albidas gerentibus. Brown, wings very broad, rounded, black, dotted with white; the anterior and apical margins are beset with small whitish spots. Long. corp. 0.28; long. al. 0.26. Syn. Zrypeta rotundipennis Loew, Monographs, etc.,I,p.'79. Tab. II, f. 14 Hab. Middle States (Osten-Sacken). . Observation.—NSince the above-quoted description was drawn, I have not received any addition to the single, imperfect specimen in my collection, and have, therefore, nothing more to add about it. The systematic position of this species has been discussed above, in the third observation to 7. sparsa. $1. T. culta Wiep. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 3.)—Ex rufo-lutea; caput nigro-maculatum; ale lutez, in margine antico toto, in apice et in marginis postici dimidio apicali eleganter radiatz, in disco maculis aliquot magnis fuscescentibus, macula minuté atra, guttisque aliquot limpidis, fusco-circumseriptis, notate, in angulo postico confertius lim- pido-guttate, vena longitudinali tertia nuda. Reddish-yellow ; head with black spots; wings clay-yellow, the anterior margin, the apex, and the apical portion of the posterior margin are handsomely adorned with ray-like streaks; upon the middle there are some brownish spots, a small black dot, and a moderate number of hyaline drops, margined with black; on the posterior angle numerous hyaline drops ; the third longitudinal vein not bristly. Long. corp. 4 0.21, 9 cum terebra 0.31; long. al. 0.29—0.32. Syn. Zrypeta culta WiEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 486, 16. ' Acinia fimbriata Macquakxt, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 228,5. Tab. XXXI, f. 5. Trypeta culta Lozw, Monogr. etc., I, p. 94. Tab. II, f. 29. Reddish-yellow, opaque; the head somewhat paler yellow. The front of moderate breadth, dark yellow; the two bristles before the ocelli, directed forwards, and three strong bristles on © the lateral margin of the front, are black; the other frontal bristles yellowish. The frontal lunule and the anterior part of DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. , 277 the lateral frontal border are shining; upon the first, almost without exception, a very small, deep black longitudinal dot is perceptible; near the antenne, at the orbit of the eye, there is a deep black dot and a black spot in the middle of the posterior orbit. The face is deeply excavated, shining and sometimes with a distinct steel-blue reflection; upon its middle, below the antenne, there is a rounded black spot, on each side an elongated, larger one, descending from the lower angle of the eye to the oral margin; the oral opening is very large, somewhat drawn upwards anteriorly. Palpi yellowish, broad, reaching to the anterior edge of the oral opening, with black pile at the tip, and with yellowish hairs else- where. Proboscis brown, sometimes yellowish-brown, rather stout, not geniculate. The thorax unicolorous, yellowish-red or reddish clay-yellow, opaque; the usual bristles, of which there are two pairs on the middle of the dorsum, are black, the short pile is pale yellowish. Scutellum somewhat paler yellow and rather shining, with erect yellowish bristle-like pile upon the middle and with four black bristles; the two apical ones are inserted upon black dots, while round the basis of the two ante- rior ones only a darker shade of the ground color is perceptible. The abdomen has the same coloring as the thorax and no spots, or only a trace of two longitudinal, contiguous rows of somewhat darker spots; all the pile and bristles upon it are yellowish and only a certain number of the bristles upon the posterior border of the last segment are usually blackish. The flat ovipositor is almost as long as the four posterior abdominal segments taken together, red, blackish towards the tip. Feet, as well as the bristles on the under side of the front femora, yellow; often, however, some of the bristles are black; the front femora have, a short distance before their end, on the outer side, a small black dot; the posterior femora, on the under side, have two black dots, the one before the middle, the other before the tip. The wings are rather long; their yellowish-red, almost gamboge-yel- low color ends in rays along the anterior margin, the apex and the posterior portion of the hind margin; these rays are separated by hyaline intervals; between the humeral crossvein and the end of the auxiliary vein there are three narrow rays, running per- pendicularly from the auxiliary vein to the costa, the first of which is less dark than the others; moreover, the extreme root and the extreme tip of that cell are marked by a blackish-brown 278 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. crossline; the short stigmatical cell, which is somewhat yellowish, — is divided in two halves by a narrow dark brown line and is marked at both ends by a ray; in the marginal cell, besides a ray at the end of the first longitudinal vein, which is incompletely formed and margined with brown on its outer side only, there are three yellow rays, margined with brown and running towards the anterior margin; the first two are attenuated towards the margin and much narrower, the third is much broader; the five following rays are again so narrow, that only the first among them pre- serves a trace of the yellow coloring of its inner side; they gradually grow longer and end: the first at the tip of the second longitudinal vein, the next two between this and the third vein, the fourth exactly upon the tip of the third, the last a little before the tip of the fourth vein; the hyaline intervals between the last of these rays show upon their middle a faded cloud. The rays upon the latter portion of the posterior margin gradually grow shorter, are rather broad and altogether brown, but not as dark as the narrow rays of the anterior margin or the dark borders of the broader rays which follow upon the latter; they are five in number, or six if the last of them, which is very short, is counted for one; the second and third are less completely separated from each other than the rest, and the fifth, which includes the tip of the fifth vein, is the broadest of all. Upon the middle of the wing the following hyaline drops are visible: 1. Between the second and third longitudinal veins a very small one (sometimes a second one beyond it) below the end of the auxiliary vein and a second, somewhat larger one below the second ray, which runs, in the marginal cell, towards the anterior margin; 2. Between the third and fourth veins, nearer to the latter, there are three drops in a row; the middle one is nearly opposite the middle of the discal cell, the first one beyond the anterior end of this cell, and the last one at an equal distance before its posterior end; 3. In the second posterior cell only a single drop almost in its inner corner; 4. In the discal cell four or five, two of which upon its longitudinal axis (one near the anterior, the other near the posterior end) and three inconstant ones on the posterior margin of the cell (the first sometimes wanting, the second being the largest) ; sometimes a very small drop in the posterior corner of the discal cell is added to them. All these drops are encircled with dark brown or almost black, in such a manner, that this DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, 279 dark ring becomes paler round those drops which are more dis- tant from the anterior margin. The convex spot in the first posterior cell is rather large; it contains a comparatively small rounded-ovate deep black dot. Moreover, in the submarginal cell, in the first and second posterior cells, and in the discal cell, differently colored spots (one in each) may be noticed, which, at an oblique view, assume a dark coloring. In the third posterior cell, in the posterior angle of the wing, and on the alula, there is a number of hyaline drops, among which only those placed immediately behind the fifth vein show a trace of a brown border. The double costal spine is strong and comparatively long, the small crossvein is placed upon the last third of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is steep, but distinctly sinuate ; the third longitudinal vein is not bristly. Hab. Savannah (Wiedemann); Carolina (Macquart); Texas (Belfrage). Observation.—T. culta is closely allied to the European TY. pupillata Fall. and strigilata Lw., and this relationship is suffi- cient to justify its location in the genus Carpotricha, formed by me for the reception of these species, as well as of ZT. guttularis Meig. However, in consequence of this addition, the definition of the genus, as given by me in the Monograph of the European Trypete, will have to be somewhat modified. In 7. culta the scutellum is less convex, and, although smooth, it is not polished; the tip of the abdomen is not shining. The nature of the pile and the pattern of the picture of the wings, the structure of the head, and the arrangement of the frontal bristles furnish sufficient data for the modification alluded to. 32. T. solidagimis Fitcn. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 16.)—Sordide ferru- ginea, capite pedibusque luteis; frons latissima; scutelli valde convexi sete duz; ale fusco-reticulate, apice incisurisque tribus, una marginis antici duabusque postici, hyalinis et parce fusco-maculatis. Of a dingy ferruginous-red; head and feet clay-yellowish; front exceed- ingly broad; scutellum very convex, with two bristles; wings reticu- late with: brown; the tip and three indentations, one on the anterior and two on the posterior margin, hyaline, sparsely dotted with brown. Long. corp. % 0.24—0.25, 9 cum terebra 0.26—0-28; long. al. 0.25— 0.26. 280 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Syn. Tephritis asteris Harris, Ins. Injur. to Veg., 3d Edit., p. 620. Acinia solidaginis Fircu, First Report, 66. Trypeta solidaginis Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 82. Tab. II, f. 16. Hab. New York (Fitch); Washington (Osten-Sacken); New England (Harris). [Canada.—0O. S. ] Observation 1.—To the description of this species in the Monographs, Vol. I, I may add, by way of correction, that the costal spine of the wings is not altogether wanting, but that it is very short and weak, and hence, in some specimens, hardly visible. The words “‘the first longitudinal vein alone being hairy,” in the observation to the above description, only meant that the bristles upon that vein were more like hairs, and not that this vein alone is provided with bristles; the third vein also, bears weak, hair- like bristles. Observation 2.—Baron Osten-Sacken, having seen the original specimen of Tephritis asteris Harris in Mr. Harris’s collection in the museum of natural history in Boston, has settled its iden- tity with Acinia solidaginis Fitch. Harris’s name, although based upon an error in the name of the plant upon which this fly undergoes its transformations, would have to be retained, but for the circumstance that Mr. Haliday had previously used it for another European Trypeta. Observation 3.—Among the genera established for the Huro- pean Zrypetina, Oxyphora is the only one in which TZ. solida- ginis might, perhaps, be placed. Among the European species Oxyphora Scheffert Frnf. is nearest to it in its general appear- ance; the outline of the wings reminds somewhat of O. Wester- mannt. The much heavier body, the strikingly broad front, and the much broader cheeks, as well as the peculiar shape of the wings, which are broadly rounded at the tip, the heavy, conical, not at all flattened ovipositor of the female, isolate this species sufficiently to justify the formation of a new genus, for which I propose the name of Hurosta. 33. T. comma Wien. 9. (Tab. XI, f. 2.)—Sordide rufa aut fusca, capite magno, thoracis dorso, tibiis, tarsisque lutescentibus; ale obtuse, ex fusco nigre, guttulis minutis modice dilutioribus adsperse, maculé costali trigoné comma fuscum inéludente, limbo apicis angustissimo, guttulisque aliquot confertioribus prope vene longitudinalis sexte apicem, hyalinis; ven& longitudinali tertid setosd; scutellum setis duabus instructum ; terebra conica, non depressa. ; DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 281 Dingy red or brown, head large, thoracic dorsum, tibie, and tarsi clay- yellowish ; wings obtuse, brownish-black, covered with small, mode- rately limpid drops; a triangular indentation on the costa contains a brown comma; a narrow border along the apex and a dense cluster of drops near the tip of the sixth vein, are hyaline; the third longitudinal vein is bristly; scutellum with two bristles; ovipositor conical, not flattened. Long. corp. 9 cum terebra 0.32—0.34; long. al. 0.30—0.31. Syn. Trypeta comma WiEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifi. II, p. 478, 4. Acinia comma Macqvakt, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 229, 6. Trypeta comma Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 93. Tab. II, f. 28. This conspicuous species was described by Wiedemann from a very pale-colored specimen, which I have had occasion to examine. The coloring varies from a dingy brick-red almost to dark brown; the abdomen especially is often dark. The large head is yellow; the front is more than half as broad as the head, usually of a darker yellow; the usual bristles upon it are brown or brownish, weak, and rather short. Antenne clay-yellow, very short, not even reaching to the middle of the face. Face per- pendicular, very little excavated; oral opening of a very moderate size, and the anterior edge of the mouth not projecting; ocular orbits véry broad. Eyes elongated, but the cheeks of a consider- able breadth, although by far not equalling those of the preceding species; the pile upon them is brownish or brown, sometimes paler; proboscis’ short, not geniculate; the clay-yellowish palpi broad, reaching to the anterior edge of the oral opening. The upper side of the thorax covered with a thick clay-yellowish pollen and with short, dense clay-yellowish pile; the latter some- times has a more ferruginous tinge; the usual bristles of the thoracic dorsum are brown and weak; upon its middle there are only two pairs, the anterior one very much behind the transverse suture; it is weaker and shorter than the posterior one. Scu- tellum dark brown, very convex, with only two bristles. Meta- thorax and pleure are sometimes brick-red, sometimes brown or blackish-brown; the darker the pleure are, the darker the bristles upon them. Abdomen unicolorous, brick-red, brown, or brown- ish-black, with rather delicate blackish or black pile. Ovipositor not compressed, conical, about as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together, with delicate black pile; in paler spe- cimens the ovipositor is red, the extreme tip only black; in very dark specimens it is black with a reddish crossband upon the middle. Very dark specimens have blackish-brown femora; their 282 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. tip and the tibie are yellowish-brown, the tarsi dirty yellowish; in paler specimens tibia and femora are not much darker than the tarsi; front femora with black bristles; tarsi, especially their first joint, somewhat longer than usual, especially in 7. solida- ginis. Knob of the halteres blackish or black. The wings broad and very obtuse at the-end, blackish-brown or black, including the extreme root; upon their whole surface are a very variable number of very small dots of but moderate transparency; upon the anterior margin, immediately beyond the stigma, there is a triangular hyaline spot, the tip of which does not quite reach the third longitudinal vein and which includes a blackish-brown crossline, extending from the costa to the second longitudinal vein; the end of the sixth vein is surrounded by a cluster of small, more or less coalescent drops, which extends especially on the anterior side of this vein; the extreme tip of the wing has a very narrow hyaline border, which begins a little before the tip of the - third longitudinal vein and ends beyond the tip of the fourth vein; at the tip of these veins the border is very often interrupted; — on the posterior margin of the wing there are often two, some- times three or four, in such a case larger, hyaline drops. The third longitudinal vein is beset with scattered but distinct bristles; at its end, it is strongly bent backwards so that its © divergency from the second vein is unusually large; the latter ends rather far from the apex of the wing; the crossveins are but little approximated, the small one is oblique, the posterior one arcuated. Hab. Kentucky (Wiedemann); Maryland (Osten-Sacken). Observation 1.—This species is subject to remarkable varia- tions in the coloring of the body, as well as in the shape of the wings; the tip of the latter is sometimes more, sometimes less distinctly obtuse; all these differences certainly do not constitute specific distinctions. The figure which I have given in the first volume of these Monographs was prepared from a specimen in the Berlin Museum, and as it is based upon a rather hasty pencil sketch, made many years previously, it lays no claim upon an absolute fidelity. This figure shows some discrepancies however, which raise a suspicion that this Berlin specimen is not Trypeta comma at all, but a closely allied species. Observation 2.—Trypeta comma differs from T. solidaginis in its larger eyes, a less excavated face, and a smaller and much DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 283 narrower oral opening; the shape of the body, the striking breadth of the forehead, the distribution of the bristles upon it and upon the thoracic dorsum and scutellum, the shape of the ovipositor, the outline of the wings, and the pattern of the picture are remarkably analogous in both species, so as to preclude a generic separation. oe 34. T.latifronsLw. 9. (Tab. X, f. 22.)—Obscura, capite, tibiis tarsisque lutescentibus, fronte latissima, scutello convexo, setis duabus instructo, ale latiuscule, colore fusco-nigro picte, in disco parcius et subequaliter reticulatz, in dimidii apicalis margine radiate. Coloring dark; head, tibiz, and tarsi clay-yellowish, front unusually large; the convex scutellum with two bristles only; wings rather broad, with a brownish-black picture, upon their middle somewhat sparsely and not very evenly marked with hyaline drops, their apical border radiate. Long. corp. 9 cum terebra 0.30; long. al. 0.27. Syn. Trypeta latifrons Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 89, 22. Tab. II, f. 22. Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman) ; Connecticut (Norton). Observation.—A female from Connecticut, communicated to me by Baron Osten-Sacken, is not much better preserved than the female from South Carolina, from which my description in the Monogr. Vol. I was drawn, and for this reason I am not able to give a better one here. Of the two pairs of bristles upon the thoracic dorsum the anterior one has dropped off ; it seems to have been inserted rather far behind the transverse suture. The structure of. thorax and abdomen, the broad front, the bi- setose scutellum, and the conical, not at all flattened, ovipositor, indicate a relationship between this species and the two preceding ones, from which, however, it differs in the shape of the wings and the pattern of the picture. In the latter two points it reminds one of Trypeta platyptera Lw., which differs again in the more narrow front, a four-bristled scutellum, and a flattened ovi- positor. Such being the case, we will be better justified in connecting this species with 7. soladaginis and comma, than with T. platyptera and its congeners. 35. T. melanura n. sp. ¢. (Tab. XI, f. 6.)—Lutea, metanoto, abdominis maculis in series quatuor dispositis et terebra brevi, atris; caput letius luteum, fronte latissima, facie modice recedente, antennis longis et acutis; femora anteriora macula minuta nigra notate; alarum pictura fusca, guttis majusculis hyalinis reticulata, quarum in cellula posteriore secunda tres, in tertia quatuor conglobate. a 284 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Clay-yellow; the metanotum, four rows of abdominal spots, and the short ovipositor, deep black; head of a brighter clay-yellow; front very broad, face moderately receding; antenne long and acute; the anterior femora with a little black spot; picture of the wings brown, reticulate with rather large hyaline drops, among which three form a cluster in the second posterior cell and four in the third. Long. corp. 9? cum terebra 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.14. Head almost ochreous-yellow, the rather level face, somewhat retreating on the under side, the moderately broad cheeks, and the lower portion of the occiput pale yellowish. Front more than | half as broad as the whole head. Frontal lunule very flat. Third antennal joint unusually long, with a remarkably sharp anterior corner; the thin, bare arista is incrassated at its basis for a short distance only. Oral opening rather large, rounded, but somewhat broader than long; its anterior edge is neither drawn upwards, nor projecting in the profile. Proboscis and palpi yellowish, withdrawn in the oral opening. The pile on the head is ochreous-yellow; the ordinary frontal bristles are brown- ish or brown. The ground color of the thoracic dorsum is blackish, with the exception of the pale yellow humeral callus, but very much concealed under ochre-yellow pollen, and reddish ochre-yel- low, coarse, and almost stubble-shaped pile. When the thorax is viewed from behind, several opaque black, punctiform dots become apparent, especially two on the transverse suture and two larger ones between the first and the posterior border. The bristles of the thoracic dorsum are partly pale yellow, partly brown ; viewed against the light, they appear dark. The scutellum, which, in the described specimen, is much damaged, seems very convex; it is smooth and for the most part yellow; among its four bsistles, the two apical ones are inserted on small black dots. The abdomen is reddish-yellow or almost honey-yellow and somewhat shining; upon the second segment there are four black dots in a row, the lateral ones of which are small; upon each succeeding segment the lateral spots become larger, and upon the fifth segment the lateral spots completely coalesce with the middle ones, only a median reddish line being left on the segment. The flat, shining black ovipositor is hardly longer than the last abdominal segment. Feet rather dark ochre-yellow; the front and intermediate femora have, upon their hind side, beyond the middle, a little black spot. The reticulate picture of the wings is brown, black- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. ! 285 ish-brown within the stigma; the hyaline drops, appearing in a different light whitish, and which perforate the brown coloring, are generally large, but not numerous; the stigma contains but a single yellowish drop; its extreme basis also has a narrow hya- line border; the triangular cluster of larger drops which occurs on the anterior margin, immediately beyond the stigma, consists here of five drops, absolutely separated from each other; the end of the marginal cell contains but a single small drop; a larger drop occurs below the end of the second longitudinal vein and a similar one under it, in the first posterior cell; between these two drops and the apex of the wing there are four smaller drops, forming a somewhat arcuated crossband ; especially characteristic for the species are three conspicuous drops in the second and four similar ones in the third posterior cell, between which the brown coloring is so pale or faded, that they appear almost coalescent; (this is not well expressed in the figure, which is kept altogether in too dark a shade); upon the middle of the discal cell there is a large drop, occupying its whole breadth. The third longitudi- nal vein is distinctly bristly about as far as the small crossvein ; this crossvein corresponds to the last third of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is straight and very perpendicular. Hab. Distr. Columbia (Osten-Sacken). Observation.—In several respects this species resembles the European species of Carphotricha; but, on account of the strik- ing breadth of the forehead, the unusual length of the antenne, and the comparatively very even face, somewhat retreating below, it cannot well be placed in that genus, especially when 7. culta Wied. is admitted in it, on account of its rather close relationship to Carpotricha pupillata Fall. As I know of no other species with which the present one could be generically united, I prefer to establish a separate genus for it, which I call Aczdogona. 36. T. alba Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 11.)—Albida, alis concoloribus immaculatis, capite, pleuris, scutello segmentorumque abdominalium singulorum margine postico pallide sulphureis, antennis, terebra, pedi- busque luteis. Whitish, with whitish, altogether immaculate wings; head, pleure, scu- tellum, and the posterior margin of the single abdominal segments, sulphur-yellow ; antennz, ovipositor, and feet clay-yellow. Long. corp. *, 0.13, 9 cum terebraé 0.17; long. al. 0.15—0.16. 286 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. Syn. Trypeta alba Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. V, p. 345, 72, Ib., Dipt. Amer. Cent. I, p. 39, 72. Trypeta alba Lozw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 100, 18. Hab. Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken). . Observation 1.—I have only the following remarks to make concerning this species, described in the above-quoted places and easily recognizable. The antenne are often not clay-yellow, but more or less bright ochre-yellow, which is especially the case in the best preserved and fully colored specimens; in such speci- mens the face is pale sulphur-yellow, while, on the contrary, the front, probably in consequence of desiccation, shows, in other specimens, a more dark yellow, often impure, hue. Observation 2.—This and the next following species show a striking agreement in all plastic characters, especially in the structure of the head, and the characteristic outline of the wings, so that they may be considered as the types of a new genus, dis- tinguished from the related ones by the above-mentioned charac- ters, and which may be called Aspzlota. $7. T. albidipennisLw. % 9°. (Tab. XI, f. 10.)—Nigro-cinerea, thoracis dorso albicante, capite, thoracis vitta laterali scutelloque ‘sul- phureis, alarum albidarum stigmate fusco, terebra foemine atra. Blackish-gray, thoracic dorsum whitish; head, a stripe on the lateral margin of the thorax, and the scutellum sulphur-yellow; wings whitish with a brown stigma; the ovipositor of the female black. Long. corp. %, 0.17, 9 cum terebra 0.20; long. al. 0.18—0.19. Syn. Trypeta albidipennis Lozw, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. V, p. 345, 73, and Dipt. Amer. Cent. I, p. 39, 73. Trypeta albidipennis Lozw, Monographs, ete., I, p. 100, 19 Hab. Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken). Observation.—The antenne are usually more ochre-yellow than ferruginous-yellow. The generic location of this species has been mentioned in the note to the preceding one. 38. T. Vernoniz Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 8.)—Dilute lutea, capite, thoracis vitté marginali in pleuras dilatata, scutelloque purius flavis, thoracis dorso subhelvo, metanoto nigro; alarum dimidium basale impictum, apicale colore subfusco grosse reticulatum, guttis magnis con- fluentibus, ita ut fascia tres valde inequales fusce conspiciantur ; prima incompleta et obsoletiore, secunda integra, tertid postice abbreviata. Pale clay-yellowish; head, a lateral thoracic stripe, dilated upon the pleure, and the scutellum of a purer yellow, thoracic dorsum more isabelle-yellow, metanotum black; the basal half of the wings is imma- DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 287 culate, the apical half shows a very coarse brownish reticulation, the large hyaline drops of which coalesce in such a manner, that three brown, irregular crossbands are formed; the first is only incompletely developed and rather faded, the second complete, the third abbreviated posteriorly. Long. corp. 4 0.18, 2 cum terebra 0.22; long. al. 0.17 —0.18. Syn. Trypeta Vernonie Loew, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. V, p. 346, 74, and Dipt. Amer. Cent. I, p. 40, 74. Trypeta Vernonie Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 101, 20. Hab. Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken); on the iron-weed (Ver- nonia). Observation.—T. Vernoniz agrees in all the plastic characters, especially in the structure of the head and the shape of the wings, with the two preceding species in a very striking manner, and the presence of a picture on the wings alone is not a sufficient ground for a generic separation. 39. T seriata Lw. 4%. (Tab. X, f. 18.)—Lutea, alis concoloribus, totis equalibus et obtusis, per maculas minutas fuscas seriatim disposi- tas reticulatis, adversus marginem preter trientem basalem nigricanti- bus, vena longitudinali tertia setosa. Clay-yellow ; wings of the same color, of a very equal breadth, obtuse at the end, reticulate with small brown spots arranged in rows; blackish along the margin, except on the proximal third of its extent; third longitudinal vein bristly. Long. corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.26—0.27. Syn. Trypeta seriata Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 84. Tab. II, f. 18. Hab. Illinois. Observation.—Should 7. seriata be placed in one of the genera established for the European Trypetina, it would of course be the genus Oxyphora, the most characteristic marks of which are the reticulate wings and the bristles on the third vein. And, indeed, this species reminds one very much of Oxyphora Wester- mannit Meig. in the very peculiar shape of the wings, and even in the coloring of the body and the pattern of the picture of the wings. But when we bear in mind that this European species occupies in the genus a very isolated, in fact an artificial position,! it will appear more natural to withdraw O. Westermanni from the genus and to form a new genus of it, together with the above described as well as the next following American species. This genus may be called Icterica. 1 The European Ozyphora Schefferi Egger shares this exceptional posi- tion, though for other reasons. 288 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. 40. T. circinata n. sp. % 9.—Lutea, alis concoloribus, totis equa- libus et obtusis, per circulos fuscos inter se coherentes reticulatis, adversus marginem preter dimidium basale nigricantibus, vena longi- tudinali tertia setosa. Clay-yellow, wings of the same color, of very equal breadth, obtuse at the end, reticulate with small, brown, contiguous circles; infuscated along the margin, except upon its first half; the third longitudinal vein bristly. Long. corp. 4 0.24, 9 cum terebra 0.27; long. al. 0.26—0.27. The resemblance of this species to 7. seriata is so striking that one would almost be tempted to take it for a mere variety. How- ever, the picture of the wings, perfectly identical in both sexes, shows such differences from that of 7. seriata, as occur in closely allied species, but not in a variety of the same species. While the reticulation of 7’. seriata consists of small, angular brown — spots, arranged in double rows between each pair of longitudinal veins on the middle of the wing, in the present species the spots are replaced by small brown ringlets, mostly closed, but some of them open, and connected with each other. The infuscated por- tion of the anterior margin in 7. seriata begins before the end of the auxiliary vein and fills the stigmatical cell entirely, with the exception of a but little perceptible clay-yellow drop at the tip, and a similar, obsolete drop at the basis; between the ends of the first and second longitudinal veins there are, besides the somewhat hyaline spot immediately beyond the former, only two hrownish-yellow drops near the anterior margin. In 7. circinata the extreme tip of the auxiliary vein and the spot on the costa corresponding to it are black, but there is no trace of dark color- ing in the costal cell before the tip of the auxiliary vein; the stigma is rather saturate yellow, and has upon its middle a con- siderable rectangular black spot; the pale spot which follows immediately upon the tip of the first longitudinal vein is more extensive, but less limpid, and the two drops which lie between it and the second longitudinal vein are much larger and more limpid, so that they entirely interrupt the black border along the anterior margin. A similar interruption is caused by a drop immediately beyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein, which is entirely wanting in Trypeta seriata. By these complete breaks in the black anterior border Trypeta circinata is very easily dis- tinguished from Trypeta seriata, which has only one break of this kind immediately beyond the apex of the first longitudinal vein. Hab. New York (Mr. Akhurst). DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 289 Al. T. Lichtensteinii Wiev. .%. (Tab. XI, f. 9.)—Tota lutea; ale dilute cinereo-hyaline, guttis majusculis albicantibus, maculisque tribus fusco-nigris variegate, prima harum reliquis minore et a stigmate oblique decurrente, secunda quadrangula et venam transversam poste- riorem includente, tertid deuique primis duabus majore et apicem ale cingente. : Altogether clay-yellow; wings grayish-hyaline, with rather large whitish drops and three brownish-black spots, the first among which is smaller than the others and descends from the stigma in an oblique direction, the second is square and includes the posterior crossvein, and the third is larger than the two preceding ones and forms a border along the apex. Long. corp. 0.22; long. al. 0.23. Syn. Zrypeta Lichtensteinii Wiepemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 497, 31. Trypeta Lichtensteinii Lozw, Monographs, ete., I, p. 92. Tab. II, f. 25. Clay-yellow, the pile on head, thorax, and feet yellowish; the bristles yellow or yellowish-brown, according to the light in which they are seen; the pile on the abdomen yellowish at the basis only, black elsewhere. Front of a more vivid yellow, rather broad, with long bristles, the eyes rather large, oval; cheeks of a medium breadth. The face rather retreating, somewhat excavated under the antenne; the anterior edge of the mouth not projecting in the profile. Antenne yellow, of medium length; the third joint with a rounded anterior corner; the rather long arista is much incrassated at its extreme basis, otherwise very thin and bare. Oral opening rather large, rounded; palpi and proboscis not projecting beyond it; the latter not geniculated. The middle of the upper side of the thorax seems to have borne only two pairs of bristles. The very moderately convex scutellum bears four bristles. Scutellum and abdomen are more shining than the thoracic dorsum, which is opaque in consequence of a yellowish pollen; abdomen without any picture. Wings rather long and of nearly equal breadth; the third longitudinal vein distinctly bristly for a considerable portion of its length; crossveins straight and steep; small crossvein a little beyond the middle of the discal cell. The picture of the wings is a very peculiar one; its prin- cipal feature consists of three very conspicuous brownish-black Spots; the smallest among them has the shape of an oblique, somewhat irregular half-crossband; with its anterior end it covers the tip of the stigma, with its posterior end it covers the small crossvein and suddenly stops near the fourth vein; the second spot, which covers the posterior crossvein, has a square shape, is 19 290 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. higher than broad and reaches from the fourth vein to the poste- rior margin; the third spot forms a broad margin of the tip of the wing, which begins not far beyond the first longitudinal vein and, gradually increasing in breadth, reaches beyond the begin- ning of the second posterior cell. The outlines of these three spots are irregular and sinuate. The remaining surface of the wings is grayish-hyaline; held against the light this grayish surface shows some round, whitish spots of a rather considerable size, occurring especially within the sinuosities along the margins of the dark spots, however, without following their outline exactly. In some places the grayish tinge of the wings becomes infuscated, thus forming several other, probably very variable, spots; the typical specimen shows the following ones: a narrow little spot in the middle of the anterior margin of the costal cell; a hook- shaped spot, which begins at the anterior end of the third brown spot and runs to the second vein; a small, thimble-shaped spot, situated on the fourth vein, a little beyond the posterior crossvein and directed forwards; a little spot upon the posterior margin, in the middle between the second and third of the large brown spots; a punctiform dot upon the middle of the discal cell; a larger spot, behind the preceding one, within the third posterior cell; finally, behind the latter, upon the posterior margin, another small, faded, little spot. It is probable that, sometimes, the greatest part of the grayish surface becomes brownish, and then it may happen that, in some specimens, beyond the root of the wing, but little pale colored portions remain, except the large drops with a whitish reflection. The fact that the described specimen does not seem to be a fully matured one, serves to confirm this supposition. Hab. Mexico (Wiedemann). Observation 1.—Description and figure are prepared after the same specimen in the Berlin Museum, which Wiedemann had before him in drawing his description. In the figure, the engraver has represented the large whitish drops somewhat more vividly than they appear in nature. The relationship of T. Lichtensteinii to the two preceding species, is close enough to enable us to place it in the genus Icterica. Observation 2.—Among the species described in the sequel, Trypeta xqualis (Tab. X, f. 20) stands next to the species of Jcterica in the shape of the wings. But, besides the fact that DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 291 its wings are neither as equally broad, nor as obtuse, as those of the species united in the genu8 IJcterica, that species differs also in the absence of bristles upon the third vein. 42. T. humilis Lw. 3% 9. (Tab. X, f. 17.)—Luteo-cinerea, capite pedibusque saturate flavis, femoribus tamen nigris adversus apicem in mare late, in foeemina latissime flavis; peristomium valde productum, proboscis geniculata, ale rare reticulate, stigmate atro, non guttato. Yellowish-gray ; head and feet saturate yellow; the femora black, a con- siderable portion at their tip in the male, a still more considerable one in the female, yellow ; edge of the mouth very much produced, proboscis geniculated, wings sparsely reticulate, the black stigma without pale drops. Long. corp. % 0.09—0.1, 2 cum terebra 0.11—0.12; long. al. 0:11—0.12. Syn. Acinia picciola Bicor, R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Vol. VII. Tab. XX, i Trypeta humilis Loew, Monogr. etc. I, p. 81. Tab. II, f. 17. Hab. Cuba (Poey, Gundlach). [Key West; communicated by Mr. Burgess. O. 8. ] Observation 1.—The saturate yellow coloring of the apex of the femora in the male has a rather considerable, but at the same time variable, extent; in the female, the yellow sometimes occupies so much space, that the blackish color remains visible at the basis of the femora only. Females with the femora as pale as that, mentioned by me in the first part of these Monographs, seem to be rare, as among the numerous specimens of my collec- tion that single one only is to be found. © Observation 2.—To recognize the present species in the Acinia picciola Bigot is not possible. Nevertheless the synonymy is not doubtful, as, through the kindness of Mr. Gundlach, I have been put in possession of numerous typical specimens. It is to be regretted that Mr. Bigot has given the species a name which cannot possibly be admitted, unless names like Jittlella, petitella, kleinella for any small species were likewise tolerated. Observation 3.—The strongly produced oral edge and the strikingly geniculated proboscis, with its very much prolonged flaps, reaching backwards as far as the mentum, define this species as an Ensina. As soon as exotic species are taken in consideration, this genus cannot be maintained within exactly the same limits which I defined for it in my Monograph of the Euro- pean species. A part of the species, which I placed there under ¢ 292 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. the head of Oxyna, as for instance Oxyna elongatula Lw., and its congeners, will have to be admitted in the genus Ensina. Observation 4.—A Brazilian species, not rare in collections, likewise belonging to Ensina, is so very like humilis, that I give here its description, in order to avoid a possible confusion. TT. peregrina n. sp. $9. (Tab. X, f. 30.)—Luteo-cinerea, abdomine nigro-maculato, genis angustissimis, peristomio eximie producto, pro- boscidis geniculate labellis longissimis, alis elongatis et subequaliter fusco-reticulatis ; pedes lutei, basali femorum posticorum dimidio piceo; terebra foemine atra, tribus ultimis abdominis segmentis simul sumtis longiore. 3 Yellowish-gray, abdomen spotted with black; the cheeks very narrow,,. the oral edge very much produced, the flaps of the geniculated proboscis very much prolonged; wings comparatively long and rather uniformly reticulated with brown; feet of a saturate yellow, basal half of the hind femora black ; ovipositor of the female black, larger than the last three abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp. % 0.12—0.13;. © cum terebra 0.14—0.16; long. al. 0.13—0.14. - Resembles 7. sororcula Wied. from Teneriffe and the European 7’ elon- gatula Lw. very much, both in the structure of the body and in general appearance. In the female sex, it differs from the latter easily by its ovipositor, which is once and a half as long; the male is easily distin- guished by several features of the picture of the wings, which in other respects is very much the same: namely, the drop which lies at the tip of the submarginal cell is not present in 7. elongatula; in the dark color- ing at the extreme end of the discal cell there is only a single hyaline drop, while in 7. elongatula there are several of them, usually three. From 7’. humilis it differs sufficiently in the scutellum, which is tinged with yellow at the tip, in the coloring of the feet and in the picture of the wings. Yellowish-gray; the head, of the same structure as in the species just compared with it, rather saturate yellow, as well as antenne, palpi, and proboscis; the occiput alone in part gray. Front long and not very broad; along the orbit with a narrow, rather whitish border. Antenne rather broad, not quite descending to the anterior edge of the mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards and remarkably projecting inthe pro- file. Eyes rounded ; cheeks very narrow. Oral opening very much drawn out; the very elongated flaps of the geniculated proboscis reach backwards to the mentum. The usual bristles of the front, the thorax, and the scu- tellum are black; the latter is yellow at its tip only. The abdomen is-of the same color as the thorax, and bears, like the latter, some short, pale yellowish pile, while the longer hairs on the posterior border of the last segments are black. The flattened and only moderately pointed ovipositor is shining black and a little longer than the last three abdominal segments taken together; its short pubescence is almost without exception black. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 293 Feet dark yellow, only the hind femora are brownish-black beyond their middle, and the other femora somewhat infuscated near the root and with a brown stripe on the under side. The wings are elongated, hyaline, with a grayish-brown, very loose, but not disconnected, reticulation; the root of the wings is not spotted up to the end of the small basal cells; beyond this, up to the stigma, there are only three inconspicuous grayish spots. The grayish-brown stigma contains.a rather conspicuous hyaline drop (represented too small on the figure) ; a spot adjoining it, compara- tively small and not much perforated, reaches beyond the second vein with two points only, and contains a little drop immediately before the second vein. The larger and less perforated spot before the end of the second longitudinal vein always contains a considerable hyaline drop near the anterior margin; between the second and third longitudinal veins, the same spot contains two or three small drops and is variously connected with the remaining reticulation. Between these two less perforated spots, there are, in the marginal cell two, in the submarginal three, large hyaline drops, which generally assume the shape of quadrangular spots, and are only separated by grayish-brown lines, running from one longitudinal vein to the other. Upon the remainder of the surface of the wing, the reticulation is formed by rather considerable rounded drops, and is more regular; only in the proximity of the posterior crossvein there are no drops. Hab. Brazil. 43. T. angustipennis Lw. % ¢.—Cinerea, capite pedibusque flavis, femoribus magna et parte nigris vel fuscis; proboscis non geni- culata; ale subangustate, nigro-reticulate, in basi et limbo marginis postici subimmaculate, stigmate non guttato, maculis duabus ordinariis obscurioribus mediocribus, separatis, secunda guttulam unicam, rarius duas includente; terebra foeming atra, duobus ultimis abdominis seg- mentis simul sumtis subzqualis. Gray ; head and feet yellow; femora for the most part black or brown; pro- boscis not geniculated; wings reticulate with black, almost without spots at the basis and in the vicinity of the posterior margin; the two ordinary dark spots only of middle size and separated from each other; in the second, one, rarely two, hyaline drops ; ovipositor black, almost as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp. % 0.13, 9 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0.14. Syn. Tephritis Leontodontis ZetteRstEDT, Ins. Lapp. 745, 6. Var. a. (exp.). Trypeta angustipennis Loew, Germ. Zeitschr. V, p. 382. Tab. II, f. 4. Tephritis angustipennis ZETTERSTEDT, Dipt. Scand. VI, p. 2229, 35. Tephritis angustipennis Lorw, Trypetide, p. 113, No. 24. Tephritis segregata FRAUENFELD, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. XIV, p. 147. Gray; thorax without picture; the pile upon it is whitish; the bristles black. Abdomen blackish-gray, without spots; the pile 294 NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA. whitish, only the bristles upon the posterior margin of the last segment are black. Ovipositor black, hardly as long as the last two segments taken together; with distinct whitish pile upon its anterior half. Feet yellow; the femora for the most part black or brown. ‘The wings are comparatively a little longer and narrower than in most of the related species. The rather dark reticulation is loosely meshy and somewhat disconnected; it disappears almost entirely in the region of the posterior margin, with the exception of a few little spots, which distinguishes this species from the otherwise related ones; the black stigma does not include a hyaline dot; the two ordinary dark spots are of moderate size; the first is connected with the stigma and reaches from it directly backwards; the second usually contains, near the anterior margin, only a single hyaline drop, which lies immedi- ately beyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein; this spot reaches as far as the fourth longitudinal vein; the two rays which, in the related species, run from this vein over the second poste- rior cell to the posterior margin, are incomplete or wanting; the posterior crossvein also has only a comparatively narrow dark border, which sometimes exists on its posterior half only; upon the posterior part of the crossvein, this border emits a short branch, characteristic for this species, and reaching into the dis- cal cell; this branch sometimes coalesces with a second similar branch upon the posterior side of the fourth vein, so as to include a hyaline drop; otherwise the picture of the discal cell is limited to a small crossband, lying beyond its middle, or there is some- times before it, near the anterior margin of the cell, another dark spot, which in some specimens becomes a second small cross- band; upon the posterior side of the fifth vein generally two small, dark spots of variable size are observable, of which the one nearer the root of the wing is often wanting. Hab. Yukon River (Kennicott). Observation 1.—I cannot distinguish this species from the 7. angustipennis occurring in Scandinavia; the typical pair after which I have described it in Germar’s Zeitschrift has, it is true, the femora much less dark, but as the specimens seem to be immature, I do not consider this a specific difference. The figure given in Germar’s Zeitschrift has not well succeeded in the engraving and gives only an approximate idea of the picture of the wings. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 295 Observation 2.—Should we distribute the present and all the next following species among the subgenera which I have estab- lished for the European Trypetidx, they would have to be referred to the genera Oxyphora, Oxyna, Tephritis, and Urellia, The genus Urellia is easily distinguished from the others by the picture of the wings: it consists in a conspicuous star-shaped black design near the apex, while the rest of the wing is alto- gether immaculate, or is marked with only a few isolated spots, at the utmost with a very pale reticulate picture. . 25. timida Lw. 301 26. obscuriventris nov. sp. 27. spectabilis nov. sp. 28. mexicana Wied. 29. temuis nov. sp. 30. peregrina nov. sp. PLATE XL. TRYPETA. geminata Lw. coma Wied. culta Wied. finalis Lw. . albiceps nov. sp., 4. melanura nov. sp. abstersa lw. Vernonize Lw. Lichtensteinii Wied. albidipennis lw. alba Lw. phoenicura nov. sp. . testudimea nov. sp. obliqua Say. 15. tetamops nov. sp. iG. sarcinata Lw. 1%. atra Lw. ES. nigerrima Lw. 19. ludems nov. sp. 20. parallela Wied. 21. consobrina nov. sp. 22. hamata nov. sp. 23. imtegra nov. sp. 24. pseudoparallela nov. sp. 25. serpentina Wied. 26. grandis Macq. 2%. bivittata Macq. ligffenbach sc Aloe del, Teefpenbade SC, H Loan dd. PLX, Se ZZ AWY HT Laoere del Magensdadba se. x ~ ‘ee on ‘ wr ite int Catt, ira ee s chr CORRECTIONS TO VOLUME III. Page 283, as a synonym of 7’. latifrons insert :— Trypeta cribrata v. D. WouuP, Tijdschr. v. Entom. 2 Ser. Vol. II, p. 158. Habe Vi. 15. Observation (by the Editor) to page 153.—This volume was already printed when I received from Mr. E. Burgess specimens taken near Beverly, Mass., and showing the characters of Seoptera vibrans Lin., as distinguished from S. colon Loew. Immediately afterwards I found in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy a precisely similar specimen, apparently taken near Cambridge, Mass.—O. 8. (1) ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED VOLUME, Corrections to Volumes I and IT, furnished by Mr. Loew. VouUME I. Page 10, line 3 from bottom, instead of Cylindrotoma Mezg. read Macq. “ 17, “ 15 from top, instead of wing, read margin of the wing. “ 17, “ 14 from bottom, Metoponia (=Jnopus), strike out Inopus. eis, “20 « instead of Azssa, read Antissa. “ 19, “ 15 from top, instead of fourth cell of posterior margin, read fourth posterior cell. Page 21, lines 17 and 12 from bottom, instead of Obsebius, read Opsebius. (The same name must be corrected in the Index.) Page 38, line 17 from bottom, instead of legs proportionately short, read legs very long and slender, with the tarsi proportionately short. Page 39, line 12 from bottom, instead of generally, read mostly. Cg. | a ef instead of with no read without. CONE a a instead of tarsi read tibie. “© 47, Asteide ; add at the end: (Sigaloéssa alone has a posterior cross- vein). Page 55, line 4 from top, instead of 2s, read it zs. “ 56, “ 4 from bottom, instead of and, read or. “ 57, “ 6 from top, instead of and, read or. gis. EO . instead of short, read thin. joy. 4 be instead of edge, read dorder. “ 90, “ 12 from bottom, instead of 23, read 24. “« 91, “ 20 from top, instead of jirst read fifth. “ 178, “ 10 from bottom, before the word “longitudinal, add fourth. VouuME II. Page 299, lines 7 from top and 13 from bottom, instead of Nordhausen, read Nordshausen. ( 01 ) hi hie ae ty Wat CORRECTIONS TO VOLUME IV. (By C. R. OstEn-SACKEN. ) Page 2, line 6 from bottom, instead of general, read common. “16, “ 5 from top, instead of p. 11, read p. 387. Seay St 8 cs instead of auxiliary, read subcostal (this error occurs twice on the same line). Page 129, line 3 from bottom, instead of all the, read most. “ 132, lines 2, 4, 14, 15 from bottom, instead of Paratropeza, read Paratropesa. The same error occurs on page xi, line 4 from bottom. ec AG) 8 6 “« 333, “ 2 from top. “« 343, “ 3 from bottom, column first. 66 345, 73 8 $6 Page 134, line 4 from bottom, strike out lin. foe AD, 15 Bc instead of zs, read are. “ 179, “ 19 from top, instead of 1822, read 1829. «“ 219, “ 4 from bottom, before yellowish, insert femora. — ‘¢ 6249, lines 15 and 16 from bottom: the quotation from Doleschall given here refers to his paper in pamphlet form; the full quotation may be found on page 16, line 5 from top, where p. 387 should be read, instead of p. 11. Page 275, line 11 from top, instead of paupera, read pauper. The same error occurs on page x, line 4 from top, column first. 6 D7: “o#% & “5978 «3 “ “344, “ 4 from bottom, column sec’d. Page 293, line 13 from top, instead of ruficornis Wied. and erythrocephala Macq., read ruficornis Macq. and erythrocephala Wied. Page 295, line 3 from bottom, instead of p. 15, read p. 391. “ 331, ‘ 18 from top, instead of 17, read 14. i . > Aare Bae OE Ga! 2h er ; i a ae) (Shey Vuelo ee” enh ates fl ADDITIONS TO VOLUME IV. (By C. R. OstEN-SACKEN. ) Page 4. Ptychoptera. The larve of this genus examined by Brauer, differ from all the known larve of Tipulide in having the head not im- bedded up tothe mouth in the first thoracic segment, but entirely free. This observation justifies the isolated position which I have given to this group in the family. Compare Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1869, p. 844. Page 23. The analytical table, given here, would be improved by being modified thus :— I. A single submarginal cell. poi al Antenne 14-jointed. Antenne 16-jointed. Empodia indistinct or none. Sect. II. Limnobina anomala. Sect. I. Limnobina. aap II. Two submarginal cells. Empodia distinct, etc. etc. Page 49. The same modification may be made on this page. Page 57. Dicranomyia. My remarks concerning the differences between this genus and Limnobia apply to those North American and European species which I had occasion to compare. I have accumulated > as many distinctive characters as a careful comparison of the material before me could disclose; but I should not wonder at all if forms occurred the location of which remained doubtful, all the enumerated distinctive characters notwithstanding. Page 81. Mr. Loew draws my attention to the fact, that the antenne of Rhipidia cannot be properly called pedicelled, because the short stems, connecting the joints, are processes of the anterior part of the joint and not of the posterior one. Page 102. Styringomyia. During my passage through Stockholm in 1872, I made the interesting discovery that this genus, besides its occur- rence in amber and copal, is found living in Africa. I saw several speci- mens among the unnamed diptera from Caffraria (from Wahlberg’s voyage) in the Stockholm Museum. The species was apparently different from that included in copal, which I possess. ( vi) Page 115. Toxorrhina muliebris O.S. %. I found three males and one female near Tarrytown, N. Y., in July, 1871. They all have the dis- cal cell open, which, therefore, seems to be the rule in this species. The stripes of the thorax are dark brown; the position of the great crossvein is variable, sometimes at the very basis of the discal cell, sometimes before it. Page 138, at the bottom. Sigmatomera. I described this new genus, from Mexico, without adding the description of the typical species, which, as I anticipated, would be soon published in a new fascicle of Mr. Bellardi’s Saggio, etc. This publication having been, in the mean time, indefinitely postponed, it becomes necessary to supply the above mentioned omission. Sigmatomera flavipennis n. sp.—Yellow, antennz long, black, except the first joint, which is yeilow; front feet and middle femora yellow (the ‘remaining feet as well as the middle tibie and tarsi, are wanting). Wings tinged with yellowish; central crossveins and fifth vein slightly bordered with brown. Long. corp. 0.56—0.6; long. al. 0.64. Hab. Mexico (Sumichrast). Page 173. Psiloconopa. I had occasion to examine specimens of P. Meigenii Zett., since the publication of Vol. IV, and have become aware that my opinion about its location was erroneous. This genus is related to Trimicra, and its venation is exactly like the latter genus, the subcostal crossvein being quite remote from the tip of the auxiliary vein. The two other European species, mentioned on pages 173 and 174 as Psiloconope, do not belong to this genus at all, and are much better placed in the genus Goniomyia. The above correction will necessitate changes in all the pas- sages, where the genus Psiloconopa is mentioned. Such passages are the following :— Page 21, line 4 from bottom, instead of Pstloconopa?, read Goniomyia ?. “ 36, “ 7 from bottom, strike out the whole passage beginning with is represented. Page 36, line 3 from bottom, add Psiloconopa. ‘© 47, modify the analytical table thus :— 99 { The distance, etc. 30 The distance, etc. Gen. XXII. GnopuHomyia. Seventh longitudinal vein straight; Tab. II, f. 1. 31 304 Seven longitudinal vein conspicuously bisinuated; Tab. I, fig. 20. Gen. XXI. Sympuecra. ( Three terminal joints of the antenne abruptly smaller. Gen. XVIII. Trrmicra. 2 Three terminal joints, etc., not abruptly smaller. L Gen. XX. PsILoconoPa. (1x ) ph : cies iy at Phy acs un bape tials ey a ay ee ren Saye eee mes ¥ ce Ady eieoiihs. > uae ‘ hey * © Tae 3 . ve! > y : PER Bb Tye ceva a cathe: ead aloe id (hyd ink ay ieee Bye Bead fe yl : B.' Ve ‘ thay ey Ass i i 7; hat Whe hi i" a, © at Sait gos Zs ; WT OE UNE a © ick) RES eee 9 GTN . ‘ Ke ‘ lL . . wal ga bar Real. ae ae qe) ene shh SUD Bit Soa nT teh 5 2: (EARS : : winaerd “if Lar et ae PR ie Wigs ta ie a3 wy a sas phbetiad ea fy] 4 ) Wa Aid ate hy, Fae SPB ¢ 9 byte (ow y Dt a i, | Ve kA eth site ae alt Aya . we 1 ot any Ce ihe ae ) aS f > D ‘4 ay r ‘ y i ‘ fe Bat os LAS Fa itl. A fig ¢ Ped © ye Sa a : a CL by gp (eb, Cea Pe A a : Wy 0 VR lane a oa heat eS ei Dh ’ va i ati ohh \ er pri 4 a oe ; leas if 1) ki iy ge te ry RIOT Page 49, line 14 from bottom, transfer Gen. XXII. Psiloconopa, as Gen. XX, after Chionea. Page 135, line 2 from bottom, strike out the passage beginning with “T believe now” and ending with “ typical Eriopterina.”’ Page 137, line 11 from top, instead of Psiloconopa, read Gontomyia. “ 173, line 13 from bottom, strike out the whole paragraph beginning with the words: ‘‘A genus closely allied, etc.,’’ as well as its continuation on the next page, down to the “‘ Description of the species.” Page 176. Gen. XXII. Psitloconopa should be placed between Chionea and Symplecta as Gen. XX. with the following notice: Established by Zetterstedt in 1840 (Fauna Lapponica, p. 847), and later in Dipt. Scand. X, p. 4007, upon a single species, found in Sweden. This genus, as far as I have been able to study it upon a dry specimen, is related to Trimicra, and its venation is exactly the same, the subcostal crossvein being quite remote from the tip of the auxiliary vein, etc. However, it does not have the last three antennal joints abruptly smaller, and its general appearance is altogether different. Page 177, line 10 from bottom, strike out the passage beginning with the words: “ The majority’’ down to the bottom of the page, and read as follows instead: Some European species differ from the American ones in the following characters: in their coloring the black prevails over the yellow; only a few traces of the latter color are left; the auxiliary vein seems to extend much farther beyond the origin of the prefurea than is the case in the Ame- rican species ; the structure of the male forceps seems also to show some differences, which, however, I have not been able to ascer- tain, not having had fresh specimens for comparison. Such species are the Hrioptera lateralis Macq., Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, p. 653 (Syn. Limnobia flavolimbata Hal.,in Walker’s Ins. Brit. Dipt. III, p. 304) ; the Goniomyia scutellata Egger and G. cincta Egger, in Schiner’s Fauna Austriaca, Diptera. One of the latter may be synonymous with the former, and Dr. Schiner was perfectly right in referring them to the genus Goniomyia. All these species are not unlike the American species of Gnophomyia in their general appearance; they differ, nevertheless, in the absence of the marginal crossvein, in the shortness of the first submarginal cell, in the diverging direction of the branches of the fork which form it, and in the presence of yellow in the coloring. It is not impossible, however, that forms of transition may be discovered between these two genera, as well as between them and Eimpeda. ( x1) tes! ee) : ay a tT. 4 * wo Page 219. Limnophila inornata O. 8. %.—This species was quite com- mon near Tarrytown, N. Y., in June, 1871. Two females which I have before me have the stigma somewhat tinged with brown; the brown at the tip of the femora is more abruptly marked. In the above-quoted description, p. 219, line 4 from bottom, the word femora must be added before the word yellowish. On the following page, line 5 from top, instead of about, read somewhat less than. The fore tarsi of the females are shorter than those of the male. The length of the second posterior cell is vari- able. Page 260. Polymera. This South American genus, never seen by me before the publication of my volume, was doubtfully mentioned among the Amalopina. Mr. Loew had opportunities of examining good specimens recently, and published the result in a paper entitled Uber die systema- tische Stellung d. Gatt. Polymera Wied. (Zeitschr. f. d. gesammten Natur- wiss. Neue Folge, 1871, Bd. III, Tab. V,f. 1,2). It appears now that the antenne of Polymera are not 28-jointed, as was stated by former authors, but 16-jointed, and that there cannot exist the slightest doubt about its location among the Limnophilina. It has peculiarities, however, which distinguish it from the ordinary Limnophilina of Europe and North Ame- rica: a remarkably elongated third antennal joint, a structure of the fol- lowing joints, in the male, which makes them appear double (hence the error of former authors), an open discal cell, and both branches of the fourth longitudinal vein forked (contrary to the rule stated on page 201, No. 2); the wingveins have a rather conspicuous pubescence. Mr. Loew ends his article with a statement of the principal characters of Polymera, as recognized by him, which I reproduce here, with a slight modifica- tion :— Polymera.—The number of antennal joints is normal, 16; the first joint of the flagellum is remarkably elongated, cylindrical, beset with long, erect hairs; each of the following joints, in the male, shows two consecutive knots, or swellings, every one of which is provided with a distinct verticil of hairs; in the female, these joints are simply cylindrical, and beset with nairs like the first joint of the flagellum. Wingveins beset with a long pubescence; subcostal crossvein only a short distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; marginal crossvein distinct, inserted on, or a little beyond the middle of the very long submarginal cell; basal - cells comparatively rather short; discal cell open, coalescent with the third poste- rior cell; five posterior cells; the second with a petiole of a very great length ; feet long and slender; tibie with very small but distinct spurs ; ungues and em- podia very small. é (xu) Bom ky Sh alt Vk ane ee Rae ” eevey ToTSTS Fp