Series title.

Author title,

Title for subject entry.

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. (U.S. geological survey.)
Department of the interior | — | Monographs | of the | United
States geological survey | Volume XVIII | [Seal of the depart-
ment] | Washington | government printing office | 1891
Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell,
director | — | Gasteropoda and cephalopoda | of the | Raritan
' clays and greensand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert, Parr
Whitfield | [Vignette] |
Washington | government printing office | 1591
4°, 402 pp. 50 pl.

Whitfield (Robert Parr).
United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — |
Gasteropoda and cepbalopoda | of the | Raritan clays and green-

j sand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert Parr Whitfield |

| [Vignette] |
L Washington | government printing office | 1591
4°, 402 pp. 50 pl.
(Unirep Staves. Department of the interior. (U. 8. geological survey).
Monograph XVIII.)

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — |
Gasteropoda and cephalopoda | of the | Raritan clays and green-
sand marls | of New Jersey | by | Robert Parr Whitfield |
[Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1891

4°, 402 pp. 50 pl.

(Unirep States. Department of the interior. (U.S. geological survey.)
Monograph XVIII.]

ADVERTISEMENT.

[Monograph XVIII. ]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey are issued in accordance with the statute
approved Mareh 3, 1879, which declares that—

“The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geo-
logical and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon
general and economie geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geological
Survey shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs and
reports of said Survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, but
otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchanges
and for sale at the price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchange
shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the library of the organization: And the
money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the United
States.”

The following joint resolution, referring to all government publications, was passed by Congress
July 7, 1882:

“That whenever any document or report shall be ordered printed by Congress, there shall be
printed, in addition to the number in each case stated, the ‘usual number’ (1,900) of copies for binding
and distribution among those entitled to receive them.”

Except in those cases in which an extra number of any publication has been supplied to the Sur-
vey by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, this office
has no copies for gratuitous distribution.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

I. First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 1880. 8°. 79
pp. 1 map.—A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications.

II. Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-81, by J. W. Powell.
1882. &°. lv, 588 pp. 62 pl. 1 map.

III. Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 158182, by J. W. Powell.
1883. 8°. xviii, 564 pp. 67 pl. and maps.

IV. Fourth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1882-83, by J. W. Powell.
1884. 8°. xxxii, 473 pp. 85 pl. and maps.

V. Fitth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, by J. W. Powell.
1885. 8°. xxxvi, 469 pp. 58 pl. and’ maps.

VI. Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188485, by J. W. Powell.
1885. 8°. xxix, 570 pp. 65 pl. and maps.

VH. Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188586, by J. W. Powell.
1888. 8°. xx, 656 pp. 71 pl. and maps.

VIII. Eighth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1586~87, by J. W. Powell.
1859, 8°, 2v. xix, 474, xii pp. 53 pl. and maps; 1p. 1. 475-1063 pp. 54-76 pl. and maps.

IX. Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188788, by J. W. Powell.
1889. 8°. xiii, 717 pp. 88 pl. and maps.

X. Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-’89, by J. W. Powell.
1890. 8°. 2v. xv,774 pp. 98 pl. and maps; viii, 123 pp.

XI. Eleventh ‘Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1889-’90, by J. W. Powell.
1801. 8°. 2v. xv, 757 pp. 66 pl. and maps; ix, 351 pp. 30 pl. and maps.

XII. Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, by J. W. Powell.
1891. 8° 2y. xiii,675 pp. 53 pl. and maps; xviii,576 pp. 146 pl. and maps.

MONOGRAPHS.

I. Lake Bonneville, by Grove Karl Gilbert. 1890. 4°, xx, 438 pp. 51 pl. lmap. Price $1.50.

Il. Tertiary History of the Grand Canon District, with atlas, by Clarence E. Dutton, Capt., U. S.A.
1882. 4°. xiv, 264 pp. 42 pl.and atlas of 24 sheets folio, Price $10.00.

III. Geology of the Comstock Lode and the Washoe District, with atlas, by George F. Becker.
1882. 4°. xv, 422 pp. 7 pl. and atlas of 21 sheets folio. Price $11.00.

IV. Comstock Mining and Miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 451 pp. 3 pl. Price $1.50

£
I

II ADVERTISEMENT.

V. The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior, by Roland Duer Irving. 1883. 4°. xvi, 464 pp.
15]. 29pl.and maps. Price $1.85.

VI. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia, by William Morris
Fontaine. 1883. 4°. xi, 144 pp. 541. 54 pl. Price $1.05.

VII. Silver-Lead Deposits of Eureka, Nevada, by Joseph Story Curtis. 1884. 4°. xiii, 200 pp.
16 pl. Price $1.20.

VIII. Paleontology of the Eureka District, by Charles Doolittle Waleott. 1884. 49°. xiii, 298 pp.
241, 24pl. Price $1.10.

IX. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey,
by Robert P. Whitfield. 1885. 4°. xx, 338 pp. 35pl. lmap. Price $1.15.

X. Dinocerata. A Monograph of an Extinct Order of Gigantic Mammals, by Othniel Charles
Marsh. 1886. 4°. xviii, 243 pp. 561. 56 pl]. Price $2.70.

XI. Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern Nevada, by Israel
Cook Russell. 1585. 4°. xiv,288pp. 46 pl. and maps. Price $1.75.

XII. Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville, Colorado, with atlas, by Samuel Franklin Em-
mons. 1886. 4°. xxix,770 pp. 45 pl. and atlas of 35 sheets folio. Price $8.40.

XIII. Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacifie Slope, with atlas, by George F. Becker.
1888. 4°, xix, 486 pp. 7 pl. and atlas of 14 sheets folio. Price $2.00.

XIV. Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut
Valley, by John 8. Newberry. 1888. 4°. xiv, 152 pp. 26 pl. Price $1.00.

XV. The Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora, by William Morris Fontaine, 1889, 4°, xiv,
377 pp. 180 pl. Text and plates bound separately. Price $2.50.

XVI. The Paleozoic Fishes of North America, by John Strong Newberry. 1889. 4°. 340 pp.
53 pl. Price $1.00.

XVII. The Flora of the Dakota Group, a posthumous work, by Leo Lesquereux. Edited by F. H.
Knowlton. 1891. 4°. 400 pp. 6€ pl. Price $1.10.

XVIII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopeda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey,
by Robert P. Whitfield. 1891. 4°. 402 pp. 50 pl. Price $1.00.

In press:

XIX. The Penokee Iron-Bearing Series of Northern Wisconsin and Michigan, by Roland D,
Irving and C. R. Van Hise.

XX. Geology of the Eureka District, Nevada, by Arnold Hague.

XXI, The Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of North America, by 8. H. Sendder.

XXII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Messrs. Pumpelly, Wolff, and Dale.

In preparation :

—Mollusea and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of New Jersey, by R. P. Whitfield.
—Sauropoda, by O. C. Marsh.

—Stegosauria, by O. C. Marsh.

—Brontotheridx, by O. C. Marsh.

—Report on the Denver Coal Basin, by S$. F. Emmons.

—Report on Silver Cliff and Ten-Mile Mining Districts, Colorado, by 8. F. Emmons.
—The Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham.

BULLETINS.

1. On Hypersthene-Andesite and on Triclinie Pyroxene in Augitic Rocks, by Whitman Cross, with
a Geological Sketch of Buffalo Peaks, Colorado, by 8. F. Emmons. 1883, 8°. 42 pp. 2 pl. Price 10
cents.

2. Gold and Silver Conversion Tables, giving the coining values of troy ounces of fine metal, ete.,
computed by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. 8 pp. Price 5 cents. ;

3. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian, along the meridian of 76° 30/, from Tompkins
County, N. Y., to Bradford County, Pa., by Henry 8. Williams. 1884. 8°. 36 pp. Price 5 cents.

4. On Mesozoic Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1884. 8°. 36 pp. 9 pl. Price 5 cents.

5. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States, compiled by Henry Gannett. 1884, 8°. 325 pp.
Price 20 cents.

6. Elevations in the Dominion of Canada, by J. W. Spencer. 1884. 8°. 43 pp. Price 5 cents.

7. Mapoteca Geologica Americana. A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America (North and South),
1752-1881, in geographic and chronologic order, by Jules Marcou and John Belknap Marcon. 1884.
8°. 184 pp. Price 10 cents.

8. On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks, by R. D. Irving and C.R.
Van Hise. 1884. 8°. 56 pp. 6pl. Price 10 cents.

9. A Report of work done in the Washington Laboratory during the fiscal year 1883~84. F. W.
Clarke, chief chemist; T. M. Chatard, assistant chemist. 1884. 8°. 40 pp. Price 5 cents.

10. On the Cambrian Faunas of North America. Preliminary studies, by Charles Doolittle Wal-
cott. 1884. 8°. 74 pp. 10pi. Price 5 cents.

11. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin; with Descriptions of New Forms,
by R. Ellsworth Call. Introduced by a sketch of the Quaternary Lakes of the Great Basin, by G. K.
Gilbert. 1884. 8°. 66 pp. 6pl. Price 5 cents.

ADVERTISEMENT. iit

12. A Crystallographic Study of the Thinolite of Lake Lahontan, by Edward 8. Dana. 1884. 8°.
34 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents.

13. Boundaries of the United States and of the several States and Territories, with a Historical
Sketch of the Territorial Changes, by Henry Gannett. 1885. 8°. 135 pp. Price 10 cents.

14. The Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barus and Vincent
Strouhal. 1885. 8°. 238 pp. Price 15 cents.

15. On the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology of California, by Charles A. White. 1885, 5°.
33 pp. Price 5 cents.

16. On the Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario County, New York, by John M. Clarke. 1885. 89°.
86 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents.

17. On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe, Nevada, with Notes
on the Geology of the District, by Arnold Hague and Joseph P. Iddings. 1k85. 8°. 44 pp. Price 5
cents.

18. On Marine Eocene, Fresh-water Miocene, and other Fossil Mollusca of Western North America,
by Charles A. White, 1585, 5°. 26 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents.

19. Notes on the Stratigraphy of California, by George F, Becker. 1880. 8°. 28pp. Price 5 cents.

20. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Rocky Mountains, by Whitman Cross and W. I. Hille-
brand. 1885. 8° l1l4pp. 1pl. Price 10 cents.

21. The Lignites of the Great Sioux Reservation. A Report on the Region between the Grand and
Moreau Rivers, Dakota, by Bailey Willis. 188). 8°. 16 pp. Spl. Price 5 cents.

99, On New Cretaceous Fossils from California, by Charles A. White. 1885, 8°. 25 pp. 5 pl.
Price 5 cents.

23. Observations on the Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on
Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving ane T. C. Chamberlin. 1885. 8°. 124 pp. 17 pl.
Price 15 cents.

24. List of Marine Mollusea, comprising the Quaternary fossils and recent forms from American
Localities between Cape Hatteras and Cape Roque, including the Bermudas, by William Healey Dall.
1885. 8°. 336 pp. Price 25 cents.

25. The Present Technical Condition of the Steel Industry of the United States, by Phineas Barnes.
1885. 8°. 85 pp. Price 10 cents.

26. Copper Smelting, by Henry M. Howe. 1885. 8°. 107 pp. Price 10 cents.

27. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal year
188485. 18:6. 8°. 80 pp. Price 10 cents.

28. The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks oceurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore,
Md., by George Huntington Williams. 1886. 8°. 78pp. 4 pl. Price 10 cents.

29, On the Fresh-water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. White. 1886.
8°. 4ipp. 4 pl. Price 5 cents.

30, Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charles
Doolittle Walcott. 1886. 8°. 369 pp. 33 pl. Price 25 cents.

31. Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods and
Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1886. 8°. 128 pp. Price 15 cents.

39, Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States; a Preliminary Study, by
Albert C. Peale. 1886. 8°. 285 pp. Price 20 cents.

33. Notes on the Geology of Northern California, by J.S. Diller. 1886. 8°. 23 pp. Price5 cents.

34. On the relation of the Laramie Molluscan Fauna to that of the sneceeding Fresh-water Eocene
and other groups, by Charles A. White. 1886. 8°. 54pp. 5pl. Price 10 cents.

35. Physical Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barus and Vincent Strouhal. 1886. 8°.
62 pp. Price 10 cents.

36. Subsidence of Fine Solid Particles in Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1886. 8°. 58pp. Price 10 cents.

37. Types of the Laramie Flora, by Lester F. Ward. 1887. 8°. 354 pp. 57 pl. Price 25 cents.

38. Peridotite of Elliott County, Kentucky, by JS. Diller. 1887. 8°. 3lpp. Lpl. Price 5 cents.

39. The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1857. 8°.
84 pp. Lpl. Price 10 cents.

40, Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory due to Glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887.
8°, 10 pp. 4pl._ Price 5 cents.

41. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian—the Genesee Section, New York, by Henry 8.
Williams. 1887. 8°. 121lpp. 4 pl. Price 15 cents.

42. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal year
188586. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1887. 8°. 152 pp. pl. Price 15 cents.

43. ‘Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama Rivers, by Eugene
A. Smith and Lawrence C. Johnson. 1887. 5°. 189 pp. 21 pl. Price 15 cents. ’

44, Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886, by Nelson H. Darton. 1887. 8°. 35 pp.
Price 5 cents. :* ;

45. The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas, by Robert ‘T. Hill. 1887. 8°.
94 pp. Price 10 cents.

46, Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Lime, by R. A. F. Penrose, jr., with an Intro-
duction by N.S. Shaler. 1888. 5°. 143 pp. Price 15 cents.

47. Analyses of Waters of the Yellowstone National Park, with an Account of the Methods of
Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Gooch and James Edward Whitfield. 1888. 8°. 84 pp. Price
10 cents.

48. On the Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Robert Simpson Woodward, 158. 8°. 88
pp. Price 10 cents.

IV ADVERTISEMENT.

49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and New Mexico, by Robert
Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 133 pp. Price 15 cents.

50. Formulas and Tables to facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson
Woodward. 1889. 8°. 124 pp. Price 15 cents.

51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1889. 8°. 102
pp. 14pl. Price 15 cents.

52. Subaérial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Cook
Russell. 1889. 8°. 65 pp. 5pl. Price 10 cents.

53. The Geology of Nantucket, by Nathaniel Southgate Shaler. 1889. 8°. 55pp. 10pl. Price
10 cents.

54. On the Thermo-Electric Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barus. 1889. 8°.
313 pp. incl. 1 pl. 11 pl. Price 25 cents.

55. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physies, mainly during the fiseal year
188687. Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, chief chemist. 1889. 8°. 96 pp. Price 10 cents.

56. Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potomac Formation, by Frank Hall Knowlton. 1889. 8°.
72 pp. 7pl. Price 10 cents.

a7. A Geological Reconnaissance in Southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890. 8°. 49 pp.
2pl. Price 5 cents.

58. The Glacial Boundary in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, by
George Frederick Wright, with an introduction by Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. 1890, 8°. 112
pp. inel. Ll pl. 8pl. Price 15 cents.

59. The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Chester. 1890. 8°. 45 pp.
1pl. Price 10 cents.

60. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal year
1887—’88. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 174 pp. Price 15 cents.

61. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Pacific Coast, by William Harlow Melville and Wal-
demar Lindgren. 1890. 8°. 40 pp. 3 pl. Price 5 cents.

62. The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menominee and Marquette Regions of Michigan, a contri-
bution to the subject of dynamic metamorphism in ernptive rocks, by George Huntington Williams,
with an introduction by Roland Duer Irving. 1590. 8°. 241 pp. 16 pl. Price 30 cents.

63. A Bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a list of North Amer-
ican species and a systematic arrangement of genera, by Anthony W. Vogdes. 1890. 8°. 177 pp.
Price 15 cents.

64. A Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal
year 1888-89. F, W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1590. 8°. 60 pp. Price 10 cents.

65. Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, by
Israel C. White. 1891. 8°. 212pp. i1lpl. Price 20 cents.

66. On a Group of Voleanie Rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico, and on the occurrence
of Primary Quartz in certain Basalts, by Joseph Paxson Iddings. 1890. 8°. 34 pp. Price 5 cents.

67. The relations of the Traps of the Newark System in the New Jersey Region, by Nelson Horatio
Darton. 1°90. 8°. 82 pp. Price 10 cents.

68. Earthquakes in California in 1889, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8°. 25 pp. Price5 cents.

69. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects, by Samue! Hubbard Sendder. 1890.
8°. 101 pp. Price 15 cents.

70. Report on Astronomical Work of 1889 and 1590, by Robert Simpson Woodward, 1890. 8°.
79 pp. Price 10 cents.

71. Index to the Kuown Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by
Samnel Hubbard Seudder. 1891. 8°. 744 pp. Price 50 cents.

72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham. 1891. 8°,
229 pp. Price 20 cents.

73. The Viscosity of Solids, by Carl Barus. 1891. 8°. xii, 139 pp. 6 pl. Price 15 cents.

74. The Minerals of North Carolina, by Frederick Augustus Genth. 1891. 8°. 119 pp. Price
15 cents.

75. Record of North American Geology for 15887 to 1859, inelusive, by Nelson Horatio Darton.
1891. 8°. 173 pp. Price 15 cents.

76. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett,
chief topographer. 1891. 8°. 393 pp. Price 25 cents.

77. The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic types of Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 51
pp- 4 pl. Price 10 cents.

78. Areport of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year
1889-90. EF. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1891. 8°. 131 pp. Price 15 cents.

79. A Late Voleanic Eruption in Northern California and its peculiar lava, by J. 8. Diller.

80. Correlation papers—Devonian and Carboniferous, “by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8°.
279 pp. Price 20 cents.

81. Correlation papers—Cambrian, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1691. 8°. 447 pp. 3 pl.
Price 25 cents.

82. Correlation papers—Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 273 pp. 3 pl. Price
20 cents.

83. Correlation papers—Kocene, by William Bullock Clark. 1891. 8°. 173 pp. 2pl. Price 15
cents.

91. Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 8&8 pp.
Price 10 cents.

ADVERTISEMENT. v

In press:
84. Correlation papers—Neocene, by W. H. Dall and G. D. Harris.
85. Correlation papers—The Newark System, by I. C. Russell.
86. Correlation papers—Algonkian and Archean, by C. R. Van Hise.
90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physies, mainly during the fiscal
year 1890-91. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist.
92. The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barus.
93. Some Insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, by S. H. Seudder.
94. The Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barus.
95, Earthquakes in California during 1890/91, by E. 8. Holden.
96. The Voiume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barus.
97. The Mesozoic Echinodermata of the United States, by W. B. Clark.
98. Flora of the Outlying Coal Basios of Southwestern Missouri, by David White.
99. Record of North American Geology for 1891, by Nelson Horatio Darton.
Tn preparation :
— Correlation papers—Pleistocene, by T. C. Chamberlin.
100. Bibliography and Index of the publications of the U. 8. Geological Survey, 1879-1592, by
P. C. Warman.
101. Insect fauna of the Rhode Island Coal-field, by Samuel Hubbard Sendder.
— The Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phe-
nomena, by W. S. Bayley.
— The Moraines of the Missouri Coteau and their attendant deposits, by James Edward Todd.
— A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.

STATISTICAL PAPERS.

Mineral Resources of the United States [1882], by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii, 813 pp.
Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 aud 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 5°. Xiv,
1016 pp. Price 60 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technology.
1886. 8°. vii, 576 pp. Price 40 cents. .

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1886, by David T. Day. 1887. 8°. viii, 813 pp. Price
50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8°. vii, 882 pp. Price
50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888, by David T. Day. 1890. 8°. vii, 652 pp. Price
50 cents.

The money received from the sale of these publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the
Secretary of that Department declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage-stamps ; all remit-
tances, therefore, must be by POSTAL NOTE or MONEY ORDER, made payable to the Librarian of the
U. S. Geological Survey, or in CURRENCY for the exact amount. Correspondence relating to the pub-
lications of the Survey should be addressed

To THE DIRECTOR OF THE
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C,
WASHINGTON, D. C., April, 1892.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

MONOGRAPHS

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1892

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UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR

GASTEROPODA AND CEPHALOPODA

RARITAN CLAYS AND GREENSAND MARLS

NEW JR Ss Bry,

ROB DET BARR: WELTER LL)

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1892

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CONTENTS.

enteror transmittal trom) trol. Geo. es COOK. < sss oa.) von see co sloeme sac ces cneescieses =-=eao=
Hettenoltransnintia. trom Prot. i.e b) WHtHCd 25-2. --c san scans osama lean ceeiee se onieeeee
Preliminary remarks..-.-...---- F885 CORES aN gO 0 OCA OCCU SSE Ele SRS O CORR OR Anne SOO RCsS
Ganteropod ad ecece ne coe s ete oe ae mee ae nae aac eet at acts wun comecviceac sabicns cen erccess cose tees
Section I. Gasteropoda of the Lower Marl Beds........--...-..-- ---- 2-2-0 -02205 se00 cone
LnGasreropoas ol phe, Middleman Hed: coosc---s Cocssiccealeea nn seced ccseyecss

III. Gasteropoda of the base of the Upper Marl Bed. ..-..-. ...-...----..-----------

DY aGasteropods) Obs tie MOCENGMMALIA = sosae sectowiece = ose aes enolate eee =

(CGO EG) Ni Pie ee Segara Ga) SACROC CORE COS Se cS Se SSOe Seca bc meee semen = Segoe eee neon
Section V. Cephalopoda of the Cretaceous Marls. ...-......----. ---- Rnb Saeeemacee ccs
VI. Cephalopoda of the Eocene Marls ...-.-...----.----- fees Cease oee cratore oc

Classified lists of the Mollusca of the Cretaceous and Eocene formations.--.......-.--.-.------
LEO De s8he ise Gaohace oS OCHS sce aces S Stet 20 Poa skaadeinecs ose senaonceene asnostossons

PU Gk eae etecen a se ate a ante sae ate atnla = cineren ets oa ancae wicca teeuce secs paeeeese acossnes cece

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bobUST RATIONS:

Page.
PLATE I. Muricids of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls..........-........-----.----. 300
II. Muricidze of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls-..-.......---.....---.-------- 302
III. Muricidx of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls-.-.-......-..---..-.....------ 304
IV. Muricidxw of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls.....................-----..-- 306
V. Muricide and Fasciolariidw of the Lower Greensand Marls .........--.-.-- 308
VI. Fuside and Fasciolariidx of the Lower Greensand Marls. ...-.....-...----- 310
VII. Fasciolariide of the Lower Greensand Marls...............-.2...----.-0--- 312
VIII. Fasciolariidw of the Lower Greensand Marls..............--......------.- 314
IX. Fasciolariidw, Tritonide and Turbinellide of the Lower Greensand Marls.. 316
X. Volutids of the Lower Greensand Marls...-....---...-... 2.22222. -c000-- 318
XI. Volutid# and Mitridw of the Lower Greensand Marls ...............-..-. .- 320
XII. Cancellariidz of the Lower Greensand Marls...............-...-.-.---..--- 322
XIII. Pleurotomid and Strombidw of the Lower Greensand Marls......._-.._..- 324
XIV. Strombidx of the Lower Greensand Marls ...-.........-.----.------ .e---.- 326
XV. Cypridx, Doliidw, and Naticidxw of the Lower Greensand Marls ...... _..- 328
XVI. Naticidx of the Lower Greensand Marls ....-.....-...---. sexe Seca. wee, = 330
XVII. Trochidx, Onustidie and Littorinidwe of the Lower Greensand Marls.. ...__. 332
XVIII. Scalariide, Turritellidw, and Vermetid of the Lower Greensand Marls.--- 334
XIX. Eulimide, Pyramidellidw, Patellide, and Tornatellid:e of the Lower Green-
SALOMATIN Soom eet ee See ae eats ass 5 en cai aa aens we cores oe 336
XX. Tornatellidw, Cylichnidw, Bullidw, and Dentaliid:e of the Lower Greensand
iM UTP) 26 es ae OI CROC GS IRR SED ree e ie = eee ae 338
XXI. Muricieéx, Volutidw, and Naticidm of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls .-... 340
XXII. Sealariidx and Pleurotomariid of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls..-.---. -- 342
XXIII. Turbinellidw, Volutidswe, Plearotomide, Strombide, Turritellidee, Plenroto-
mariid, and Bullidw from the base of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls. 344
XXIV. Muricide, Tritonide, Purpuride, and Fuside of the Eocene layers of the
Wpper Bed) Greensande Manse 22-32. o:cdenmamas sss ses sce eseeost sens 0 346
XXV. Fusidw of the Eocene layers, Upper Bed Greensand Marl3 .--...---. .--.---- 3438
XXVI. Fusidw and Fasciolariide of tle Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand
[NP ee I SIS So SAE Be Ga SS SM Ae a a 350
XXVII. Fasciolariide of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls ---. -- 352
XXVIII. Fasciolariide of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls.-.--. 354
XXIX. Turbinellidse of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls..----. 356
XXX. Volutida of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls......----- 358

. 7

8 ILLUSTRATIONS.

XXXI. Volutidx of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls
XXXII. Volutidsw of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls
XXXIII. Cancellariide, Pleurotomidz, Strombidx, and Cypride of the Eocene lay-
ers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls

XXXIV. Conid, Cassidide, Doliidw, Naticide, Onustide, Solariidw, Scalariide, and
Turritellid of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls..--

XXXV. Pleurotomariidie of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls----
XXXVI. Pleurotomariid and Tornatellide of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed
Greensand (Mare yee ae re a i

XXXVII. Nautilidx of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls.-.-.-...----..----..-----------
XXXVIII. Nautilidze of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls.--- ..-.-.-----.--
XXXIX. Nautilide of the Middle Bed Greensand Marls. ..-.-.-..-----..--------------
XL. Ammonitidx of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls.-.---. ..---. .----. ---------

XLI. Ammonitid of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls

XLII. Ammonitid of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls........-.------- ----------
XLIII. Ammonitidz of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls.----.------.--------------
XLIV. Ammonitide of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls...--..-.---.--------.-------

XLY. Ammonitidse of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls....-.....----..--..--------

XLVI. Ammonitid of the Lower and Middle Beds Greensand Marls

XLVII. Belemnitidie of the Lower Bed Greensand Marls.-........----.---..--.-----

XLVIII. Nautilide of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bec Greensand Marls..-.. .----

XLIX. Nautilidz of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls....---- -

L. Nautilid of the Eocene layers of the Upper Bed Greensand Marls....-----

Fig. 1. Placenticeras (Sphenodiscus) lenticulare (Owen) Meek ...--.-.------..---------------

DO Nantilus | Cookandec se oe o-. > ce celcnec omc sare ean aetna an alee eet ee eee eee

Page.
360

362

364

366
368

370
372
374
376
378
380
382
384
386
388
390
392
394
396
398
259
236

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF New JERSEY,
New Brunswick, New Jersey, July 1, 1889.

Sir: I have the honor herewith to transmit to you the text and draw-
ings of the Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Green-
sand Marls of New Jersey. They have been prepared by Prot. Robert P.
Whitfield for the Geological Survey of this State, and include all species
of this geological division which are known to have been found within its
bounds. The book will constitute the second volume of the series, which
is intended to include descriptions of all the fossil invertebrates found in
the above named formations. It is a monument to the patience and intelli-
gent skill of Prof. Whitfield which have produced so good a work from
these long known but imperfectly preserved fossils. Like its predecessor,
I esteem it worthy of a place among the monographs of the United States
as well as of this State, and as such transmit it to you for publication.

I am, with high respect, your obedient servant,
Gero. H. Cook,
State Geologist of New Jersey.
Hon. J. W. Powe 1,
Director of the U. S. Geological Survey.

See 8 es YA ere
pmo ns tae. |

' Ree” i, © o»

BEE hPL RANS MITTAL,

New York, October 1, 1888.

Sir: I herewith transmit to you descriptions and illustrations of the
Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Greensand Marls and accompanying
beds of New Jersey, which will form a second part of the report on the
fossil remains of the State.

In presenting this second report, I wish again to express my thanks
for the aid which you have so often given me in the selection and exami-
nation of material from the many collections under your charge; and also
to express through you my thanks for the kindness and courtesy with
which my many demands have been met by the officers of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and especially to thank
their curator, Prof. Angelo Heilprin, who has kindly selected and sent me
many specimens from the collection under his charge. I have also been
greatly favored. by the use of specimens from the cabinet at the School
of Mines of Columbia College in New York, through the kind offices
of Dr. J. S. Newberry and Dr. N. L. Britton. I have also been allowed
to use and figure very many specimens from the collection at the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History, New York City, for which I must express
my thanks to the trustees of that institution. There are also several private
collections to which I am indebted, through yourself, for the use of valu-
able material and for which I here wish to express my thanks.

Yours, very truly,
R. P. Waitrievp.

Prof. Grorce H. Cook,

State Geologist of New Jersey.
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GASTEROPODA AND CEPHALOPODA OF THE RARITAN CLAYS
AND GREENSAND MARLS OF NEW JERSEY.

By Rospert P. WHITFIELD.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

In offering the following descriptions and illustrations of the Gaste-
ropoda and Cephalopoda of the New Jersey marl beds to the public and to
scientific workers in similar fields, it is perhaps only just to add a word of
apology for the use of such meager material as is here presented, and that
apology must necessarily be that it is all there is to present, being the best
material possessed. In studying these remains I have had the same diffi-
culties to encounter as those spoken of in the ‘‘preliminary remarks” to the
volume on the Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata;’ but in an extremely
exaggerated form, as the Gasteropods are represented in the several forma-
tions only by casts, much more exclusively than are the Brachiopods and
Lamellibranchs, and the Cephalopods largely by fragments. This, how-
ever, is not the only difficulty encountered, for these casts are far more
imperfect and consequently more difficult to understand. Among the
bivalves there is often the chance of obtaining the hinge structure and
muscular markings from impressions of single valves, and very commonly
imprints of the exterior show all the essential surface markings. This is
not the case, however, with casts of Gasteropods, for these usually repre-
sent only a small portion of the shell, as the apical portion of the spire is
almost invariably absent, that space not having been filled by sediment
before the shell was dissolved, and when present having often become solid

from deposits of shelly matter in these parts during the life of the animal.

Mon. U. 8. Geol, Survey, Vol. 9, and Geol. Survey, N. J., Paleontology of the Cretaceous and
Tertiary, Vol. 1,
13

14 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Besides the absence of these parts, which often present important generic
features in the embryonic nucleus, there is an almost total absence of the
anterior beak and front of all shells, which so generally possess important
generic features. Occasionally the casts retain to some extent the surface
markings of the species. This is particularly the case in the Eocene marls,
but in the Cretaceous beds it is a rare feature; consequently it has been
necessary to resort to various methods for determining the generic relations.
For specific differences the student is compelled to rely chiefly upon the form
of the volutions and upon the proportions of parts, such as the compact-
ness of the coil; the differences in the apical angle; the size and strength
of the axis of the shell or columella, which is ascertained from the size and
form of the cavity left by its removal; the imprints of folds left upon that
part of the matrix which has rested against the columella, and various other
features according to the conditions of the specimens. In some cases where
much doubt of generic relations has been felt, resort has been had to arti-
ficial casts made by filling the interior of recent shells with plaster and
dissolving away the shell by means of acid to procure the cast of the
interior. I have thus used every means within my reach to render the
generic determinations of these casts as reliable as possible. Concerning
many of these I am somewhat in doubt, but as a general thing they may
be relied upon with a considerable degree of certainty.

In regard to the authenticity of localities assigned to the several
species, the remarks made in the previous volume’ hold good here, as
the same collections which furnished material for that volume have been
drawn on as largely for the material in this. I have used the types of all
previously described species wherever I could find them, even to fragments
preserving the least particle of character. The species of Gasteropoda are
much better represented by individuals in the collections used than were the
Lamellibranchiates, although of many of them there is but a single example
known in the collections to which I have had access. The illustrations of
many of the species are necessarily quite restricted and meager in quantity.
Many species have been recognized, but not used, simply because of the

1Tbid., p. xviii,

PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 15

poorness of the material at hand, which, although sufficiently perfect to be
readily distinguished by a practiced eye familiar with the associated forms, is
not good enough to permit figures of them to be made which would enable
others to identify them. Consequently this monograph can not be said to
be entirely complete.

In dealing with the different species and genera previously described,
I have endeavored to ascertain their true nature as far as possible from
the type specimens when they could be found, and have adopted them
wherever it seemed reasonable. Comments on many of them will be found
in the text of the volume, where I give my reasons for adopting or rejecting

them.

oo ees :
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CAS THR ROPOD A.

MON XVUI——2

SOE ON I.

CRETACEOUS GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER MARL BEDS OF NEW
JERSEY.

PALEONTOLOGICAL HORIZONS OF THE MARL BEDS.

In working over the molluscan remains described and figured in this
and the volume on the Lamellibranchiates, I find indications of several
distinct zoological horizons. In the first place, in the Raritan Clays, in the
northeastern extension of them, there appears an estuary fauna represented
by only a few species of bivalve estuary shells, but nevertheless indicating
very clearly a fauna entirely distinct from any of those above mentioned.
Secondly, in the clay beds near Camden, New Jersey, at Fish House, an
entirely fresh-water fauna is found, which has yielded the twelve different
species representing two distinct genera of the Unionide, which are described
in the volume on Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays
and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. Above this again we have the fauna
of the Lower Marl beds, a distinctly marine fauna, which comprises the great
bulk of all the fossil remains known within the State.

This bed, if properly examined, might possibly be separable into two
zoological horizons, the lower indicated at Crosswicks Creek, near New
Egypt, and at Haddonfield, by the dark-colored micaceous clays which lie
at the base or, more properly, below the base of the Lower Marl bed, and
also in the more northern portions of the State by ironstone nodules, bear-
ing fossils. usually found in the upper layers of the Raritan Clays and in
loose pieces scattered over the surface where the upper layers of the clay
have been denuded by the action of the weather. The fossils in these

nodules are usually the same as those from the Crosswicks and Haddonfield
19

20 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

micaceous beds, and, although several are apparently identical with forms
occurring in the Lower Marls, yet many of them are peculiar to these beds
as far as represented in New Jersey.

Above the Lower Marls come the Middle Marl beds, characterized by
the yellow lime sands, filled in many places with Terebratula, and above
this the layers at the base of the Upper Green Marls, which contain a
fauna entirely distinct from those below, but still Cretaceous in its character,
Again, at the summit of the Upper Green Marls we find another distinct
fauna, representing the Eocene epoch of the more southern States and
affording many species identical with those from Claiborne, Alabama.
These mark six distinct zoological horizons, and if we divide the Lower
Marls from the Crosswicks and Haddonfield beds, as will possibly be done
when they are properly examined and studied, seven distinct horizons, six
of which may be classed as Cretaceous and one as Eocene.

These zoological horizons conform very closely, if not exactly, to cer-
tain stratigraphical lines which were long since established by the State
geologist under the names of Raritan Clays, Camden Clays, Lower, Middle,
and Upper Marls, the last bed being mollusk-bearing only near the lower
and upper portions, which are respectively Cretaceous and Eocene. The
details of these beds can be found in the different annual reports of the
State survey, particularly in that of 1868, and in that on the clays of New
Jersey.

Although between these zoological horizons there is little, and, indeed
almost no interchange of fossils, the faunas being almost entirely distinct,
the geological sequence is continuous, except between the Eocene or Upper
layers of the Upper Green Marls and the beds immediately below, where
there is a very slight unconformity, noticeable by close inspection, over
a very limited area only, and consisting principally of a slight denudation
of the top of the beds immediately below, before the deposition of the
Eocene Marls.

It is not necessary here to consider in detail the structure of the layers
further than to mention that these different beds which are fossiliferous,

or mollusk bearing, consist at the base of the section of beds of clay of

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 21

different kinds, and above of beds of Green Marls separated by strata of
lighter colored quartz sand, which are unfossiliferous.

In the Raritan Clays, at about one-third of their thickness from the
base, there occurs a bed of fossil plants, prolific in genera and _ species,
which Dr J. 5S. Newberry has stated to be of Cretaceous age, and at a very
little distance. above the plant bed occur the estuary fossils above men-
tioned. These consist of bivalve shells, and are all of forms known to in-
habit brackish water, showing them to be inhabitants of an estuary or land-
locked bay into which fresh-water streams flowed, and making it probable
that there existed at the time of their deposit a body of brackish water rep-
resenting the present New York Harbor, but at a somewhat higher level as
compared with the surrounding land. These fossils being of estuary forms
and entirely of new species do not aid us materially in the determination
of the age of the strata in which they are found. Those already known
are figured and deseribed in the previous volume, and are illustrated on

Pl. u. They represent four different genera and five species, as follows:

Species.
GonusyA Rabe seca ce see eel e teen com cele cites wee micolenisicerinie'= ale amie naam ale ininin i= (—~ 1
Gonna GUrbiCul ae ses eaeee eee eoeia ae alae aie Seales eee aties saeco == 2
Genna GiathodOnecns ccs seer ae ete senile aclka care Dace aewcmn ease vas® omen nm 1
GentsyA Mm DONIGRTO 1a pense eter ee etek a aereeige aes Sa onal eee ale elsisinitot < mniciowe= 1

The features of this latter genus, which is new to science, are more
nearly like some of the Jurassic forms of Europe, such as Homomya Ag.,
than any of the known Cretaceous types either of America or of Europe.
No Gasteropods have yet been obtained from these beds.

No other Molluscan remains are known to occur in these clays except
near the top, or perhaps in the uppermost layers. At about this horizon
the numerous ironstone nodules before mentioned are supposed to occur,
but they are always loose, having been weathered out or washed from the
clays, and found seattered over the surface. These nodules are well filled
with fossil remains of both bivalve and univalve shells, in the condition of
casts and impressions. They are mostly such forms as are found near the
base of the Lower Green Marls, or in the Crosswicks and Haddonfield

Micaceous Clays.

22 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

The next zoological horizon is that of the Lower Green Marls proper,
in which are found by far the most of the Cretaceous fossils yet recognized
within the State. The number of species so far exceed those of any of the
other beds named above as scarcely to bear comparison, the number of
Mollusea alone being 303 species out of a total for all formations of 441.
These fossils are, however, like those of the other beds, found mostly in the
condition of internal casts, or casts representing partially the interior cav-
ity, but they also carry on them the imprint of the external markings to a
partial extent. Very few of the specimens preserve even a replacement of
the original substance. The Ostreid@ and Spondylide are notable exceptions
to this rule, being generally found with the substance of the shell entirely
preserved, but so friable as to be easily destroyed after collection. In the
Micaceous Clays of the Crosswicks Creek and Haddonfield beds, however,
the substance of the shells is entirely preserved, both of bivalve and uni-
valve species.

In the Middle Marls a fauna almost entirely distinct from that below
presents itself, Gryphea vesicularis, and two species of naticoid shells being
all that are yet known to pass into it from below; even the Gryphea is
here presented under a varietal form not common in the Lower Marls. In
this bed some of the species are represented by great numbers of individ-
uals, the Teredo, Gryphea and Terebratula being the most abundant.

At the base of the Upper Marls another entirely distinct fauna is found,
still presenting Cretaceous features. In this layer also few species are rep-
resented, and, so far as I am aware, no locality has yet been found where
they occur in any abundance; and no species have yet been observed in
it that are common to either of the others below. Above this fossiliferous
layer at the base of the Upper Marls occurs a series of beds of consider-
able thickness in which no molluscan remains have been detected. Many
vertebrate fossils have been discovered, however, showing a quite remark-
able break in the molluscan life in the seas of the New Jersey area,
extending to the top of the Upper Marls, where occurs the Eocene layer.
This contains a fauna entirely distinct from that of either of the beds below,

being composed not only of different species, but largely of different genera,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 23

and even several families not represented in the lower strata make their ap-
pearance. The molluscan remains found in this formation at Shark River,
Farmingdale, and Squankum, are also in the condition of casts, like those
in the Cretaceous, even the Ostreide seldom preserving the least vestige of
the shell substance.

In these Eocene beds the species again become quite numerous. Al-
though not as abundant as in the Lower Green Marls, they far outnumber
those of the intermediate beds. Considering the few localities and the
slight thickness of the beds examined they have been prolific, having
yielded a total of 79 mollusean species, of which 23 are Lamellibranchiates,
52 are Gasteropods and two Cephalopods, besides fragments of some eight
or ten other Gasteropods, the specimens of which are not sufficiently well
preserved for description and illustration. The following tables present
more readily the numbers of families, genera and species of molluscan
remains occurring in the several formations, and the relative proportions
known from each bed. Table No. 1 shows the number of genera and
species of Lamellibranchiates represented under each family in each bed
except the Crosswicks Creek and Haddonfield bed, which are included in
the Lower Green Marls, while Table No. 2 shows the same features per-

aining to the Gasteronods and Cephalopods.

24 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TARLE No. 1.—Showing the number of genera and species of Lamellibranchiates wnder
each family occurring in each of the several marl beds in New Jersey.

|
aie Camden Lower | Middle Base of | rocene
plastic | clays. | marls. | marls. upper | mmarls.
clays marls.
Genera. Species. —$__——|—_ >=) =
g2/Sid/3/g sie /el/eisidis
e/2/2|2|2/2/3|2|3|2/3|2
S|HNISO|nl/O|nl/SO|/n/H | nj/O|m
Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Order ASIPHONIDZ.
Suborder Monomyaria. |

Family Ostreidw......------ 4) 3] 9) 2) Bh 2s <2 ea as
Anomiide ..-...----- 3 3 Be Hated Boel east hs lite
Pectinide ..-....--.- 4 4|11}. Soe a Tolga
Spondylide .....--- 4 CU ees Bere eee! eee ee fees

Suborder Heteromyaria.

Family Mytilidw . ....-.--- 3 OT et ceed sel Pell ctf cleat amt TP fim be) sia at Peal
Pteriide .......----- 4 OH Reset lease Ree cee (ec | 10 ERE Al Hela see |i
Pinus} o--=--ee es 1 73 Pe ees Peers lec Gat jee i) ) a bi eee Feo) i Io

Suborder Dimyaria. |

Family Arcid# ......---.--- 8 21}. --. ee | East e Ss | agen eeeek a) oeseatl eel] ea) wccden| (ened
Nucolida........--- a] 9/22 | ee a i Hee ee ec oan aS
Isocardiidw....-.--.|--------|-------- seallesea| seme se en 1) 1).---J.---[.--
Trigonid@ .-..-.----. 1 BS ery | jaan 1| 3)..-.] .. |.---}e---/.-- |---
Unionidw.......---- 2 PBs. MARY heed eee kere rose Hees Pace bee ses

Order SIPHONID2. eet a lar
Suborder Integropalliata. | | | | |
| Family Astartide .......... 2 6 |. | Gstee oes ne (ae a ©
| Crassatellide .....-. 4 19 |. | Sqaleseeleees a ®
| Lucinide ........--. 1 2. Oe ee) fies Fee calla
Chamide ........--- 1 rh V Sag fos 2h Sa EEA Sa
| Cardiide ......----- 7 15 |. spi Ere Raa pels obo y po
Cyprinide.....-...- 4 11 8} 1] 1} 1] 1).---].--
Cyrenidz-.......... 1 2 Bee Rees pene ood pecs tein | |p
Suborder Sinnopalliata.

Family Veneride..-.-..--..- 6 fT) Peed Sel rsd bec fe toe ON a sal (erie Uy able at
Petriculide......-.. 1 EN pes Bonet Seeel bc edloo- see Sethe Mop Ab ecerlisec
Tellinidw......-.... 5 Gf see) ae Sco) coed atl jena
Donacid@.......-... 1 UN cae oe |Masaleoca olhyyarit
Mactride ........... 2 (Sica) BY \oecllsace|) why) Baie
Anatinide .......... 3 Dl tee | ete Pe becd ieee
Corbulidz .....-..-- 2 FH (se No eed ce bs Gn
Saxicavide -........ 1 PN Ease Read Baca RRee pean ht
Solenidz. . 4 5 |- = Sere Sa in
Pholadide 3 Eel BSS sce bac Vaart fe wea ic
Teredide ..- | 1| Sileees| eae | BSc fe ea
Gastrochenida -.--. 2 Dl ere mista See eeceted ea

[ s9| waa |... Bil Sezc| a (ees ta

! Probably fragment of a Gasteropod.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS.

Summary of the foregoing table.

]
Families. Genera.

|
Genera. Species. Lower

Species.

4) 4 5
1 | 2 12
27 76 | 155
8 9} 1
12 13 | 16
12 17 | 23

Middle | B88°°f| Focene
marls. | 2PPEF | mars.
marls.

Plastic clays ....--.---------- FPOOCC OPS C HCE Sees Cero
Camden clays ...--------- ---- Seeeae Se meehS Sem =anan «ecme
Lower marls..----.----..-------+-+----- eee earn ema
Middle marls ........--..------0 eee eee ee eeeee ee seoceesos
Base of upper marls ....--..--- Slices eenedena=cleesvieslacace=
Eocene matls .......-.-- eee oores en oae oo comee eee

. Families.
Brachiopoda:

Terebratulide ....... beep =p i eaacocecacac 1
Lamellibranchiata.......-...-..----- need cos 31
Gasteropoda .........----.--- ceante! Bo eHE SSeS 30
Cephalopoda. .......----.---------+++- erncoacce 3

| 2
g9| 202 | 155 u 16 23
ao | 190) 127 7 7 52
13 24 19 css Rae 2
alee eee ee 303 23 | | 79

1 Probably fragment of a Gasteropod.

25

26 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TABLE No. 2.—Showing number of Gasteropoda, genera and specres under each family,
occurring in the several beds.

Lower Middle | Base of up
marls. marls. per marls.

&
)
$
i=]
2

Total genera.
Total species

Genera.
Species
Genera,
Species
Genera.
ets
Genera,
Species.

Class GASTEROPODA. |
Subclass PROSABRANCHIATA.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.

Family Muricidw-.-.-.-..-----

Tritonid# -.-..-. seeece|

Purpurid@ .-.....-----

Rsidie 2-2 eo amen

Fasciolariide ..--..--.

Buccinids ............

Cypreid@ ............

GQnustidie-2<2--.<s- 2 |
Solariidip.<--...:---.-

_

Pyramidellidw........
Littorinide ........... |
Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.
Suborder Podophthalma.
Family Trochide .........-..- 2 2 2 OY EP BS scoe sees \aceco> -
Pleurotomariid#...... 4 Uf Rape 2 =\o==-- 2 2 1 1 2 4
Suborder Edriophthalma.
Family Patellidw ............. |
Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. |
Order TECTIBRANCHIATA. |
Family Tornatellid.....-- -- a 12 es | shoasleoecee | paepenerecees 3 3
EBullides sot ee oer ieee ie) 1 nl ec etree 1 1) |e ele
Class SCAPHOPODA. |
Family Dentalide

Totals (30 families) -........-....-....--

Class CEPHALOPODA.
Order TETRABRANCHIATA,
Family Nautilidw..........
Ammonitids .__...
Order DIBRANCHIATA.
Family Belemnitide ................--

ie)
S
5
E
a
8
:
H
H
row Cl CS CC SCC CC CS |

Total (3 families) -=---- .2<. s<nceesenes =>

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. re |

This gives for the molluscan fauna of New Jersey, including the
Brachiopoda:

Cretaceous. | Eocene. | Total. |
5 ae | :
| Brachiopoda...-....-.-. ..---.-----.----------- 5 | 2g 7
Bamelibranehiatas.<. 262.1 s=-cs+.cace=.aoc=- 199 | 23 222
COPEL Ee oe SS ORS Se ee SA en 136 52 188
Cepia onodacescssas eeseewtianaeseecine= tonne sone 22 | 2 24
RRA rece Band Hepa ep 5d ene ene eee 362 79 441

Giving a total of 441, or deducting the two naticas and grypheea, which
are counted also in the Middle Marls, a total of 428 described species.
Were the localities critically examined many others would undoubtedly be
obtained, as a number of casts are already recognized as distinct from any
of the described forms, both in the Cretaceous and Eocene beds.

Of the Brachiopoda above enumerated the Terebratula Harlani and
Terebratulina lachryma are also known to oceur in South Carolina, and
T. floridana is common at some localities in Alabama. Of the Lamelli-
branchiates of the Lower Marls, three species are known in Europe, and

the number attributed to certain American States are as follows:

Species.
Ad OMe Ren reteset ae eoce Vatican aclemauicbewsc sues secicmeccnecucianac 41
SIGTITGEEC OES eS SSeS OSanorcae oo nO Resa enc -Fop arbor a Jeas cect ootbec ems coe 21
LUM ESTES A Da Sab ae Sens SS8nc Mase eat OS BA Sp RASS SED ERE NaC OC ROSSR Rose sca psae 21
PUSS A eon Rat eee emit tein tel aan st innin ame dae cocci aiae ase Guielcase ess tees auc 6
NOKGH: ALOU Remeron O hewem meme sano w cea crew orcs Son esaceninceranwaaas 20
i) Aare eee arate arte aa ao eatshoernere a caic au «) -cwle\sbea ssn m bone Seca eeueecteces s 4

A large number are found in States not here mentioned. Six of those
from the Middle Marls also occur in other States, and but one species from
the Eocene layers, Crassatella alta, is known to occur outside of New
Jersey. In Table No. 3, the species which have been thus cited are given
under the States wherein they are found, and the succeeding table, No. 4,
gives the same for the Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda, few only -of which
have been recognized beyond the State.

98 PALEONTULOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TABLE No. 3.—Showing Lamellibranchiates of New. Jersey formations recognized in
other localities.

Alabama
Tennessee.
Mississippi.
Texas.

Dakota.

North Carolina.
Arkansas.
Europe.

SPECIES FROM THE LOWER MARL BED&.

Ostrea crenulimarginata, Gabb -.--------------- |
plumosa, Morton...------------
subspatulata, Lyell and Forbes .-
tecticosta, Gabb ...-.-.-.-------
larva, Lam......-..------------0---------

Gryphwa vesicularis, Lam.....-.---------------

Exogyra costata, Say .---.---++----+++++++------

Anomia argentaria, Morton....-..--------------

tellinoides, Morton-..--..--------------

Pecten (Amusium) simplicam, Conrad. ..-.-.---

Neithea quinqueradiata, Sow..---------- ake

Plicatula urticosa, Morton.......--.------+ ance

Radula acutilineata, Conrad ---..--.------------

reticulata, Lyell and Forbes .--.-------- x Pay | aca emae| hestosase- Ss Jon) eae] eo
denticuticostata, Lyell ......--.--------|------|.--+--|--2+++]------[o-- eee eee > tall SSG Mastin

Lithodomus Ripleyanus, Gabb.....--.---- pees bocec4HeDsbe ON eel Soeeae crane el oe ioe Reena

Gervilliopsis ensiformis, Conrad.

TInoceramus Barabini, Morton .--..--.---------- 0 eee eto x NO nas peee ce] eae ee

sagensis, Owen...-..-----------+=-+|------] -+20+|seeree| eee NOs 420) pears! pean seed
Vanuxemi, Tuomey ..-.------------| % |------|------|------ SO | Ee Shel ece mod Iokecice:

Pinna laqueata, Conrad...-..

Nemodon Eufaulensis, Gabb ........---------

brevifrons, Conrad ...-..---..--------

Breviarca Saffordi, Gabb ..--.--.--------------

Trigonarca cuneiformis, Conrad

Idonearca Tippana ...-..--.-------+--+++--+----
antrosa, Morton -......---------------

Nucula percrassa, Conrad .....-----------------
perequalis, Conrad........-------------
Nuculana protexta, Gabb-.....----------+------ -
longifrons, Conrad -..-.--------------
Perissonota protexta, Conrad......---.---------
Trigona Eufaulensis, Gabb..-...---------------
Crassatella cuneata, Gabb ..--------------------
Monmouthensis, Gabb..-....-..-----

subplana ..-....-..----.-0-----+--=-

vadosa, Morton...........-.--------

Astarte octolirata, Gabb.
crenulata.....-..--
Cardium Enfaulensis, Gabb - -
Ripleyanum, Conrad . --
Criovardium multiradiatum, Gabb.
dumosum, Conrad - .--

Leiopistha protexta, Conrad...
Cymella Meekanum. ........-..---.--------000e-

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 29

TABLE No. 3.—Showcing Lamellibranchiates of New Jersey formations recognized in
other localities - Continued.

North Carolina.

Alabama
Mississippi.
Arkansas
Europe.

“e = | Sa m= == ae |

SPECIES FROM THE LOWER MARL BEDS—cont'd.

Veniella Conradi, Morton...........------------

trapezoidea, Conrad ........-----.-----
Aphrodina Tippana, Conrad .......--.--.-------
Cyprimeria depressa, Conrad .-.....-..--.------
Tellimera eborea, Conrad
Linearia metastriata, Conrad
Z£nona Eufaulensis, Conrad, ......
Pholadomya occidentalis, Morton. -...
Corbula crassiplicata, Gabb .-..... ---

subcompressa, Gabb ........--
Leptosolen biplicata, Conrad....-..----
Legumen planulata, Conrad .....-.--.---.------

appressa, Conrad . .................... x oe Nae sel BASES OR eck ae na) | RA en |e a

Teredo irregularis, Gabb ...............-------- Me | Godse bee sed boees| | wot fodsod Baraes Raesee bass

MIDDLE BED.

Gryphwa vesicularis, Lam......-..--..--+.----- x S| Aer | tee rene [Sot wallace | x

pee eeet op Cpa eS ee ea ae eed | ge | Pe 6) pcaseae| | ce mer x
Isocardia Conradi, Gabb .....-...---.--.-
Gastrochena Americana, Gabb

EOCENE MARLS.

Gryphea vesicularis, Lam..-......-....---......
Crassatella alta, Conrad .............--.-------- Be eee feesec Sone Bec ericee ieee (errs es

30 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TABLE No 4.—New Jersey Cretaceous Gasteropods and Cephalopods recognized at other

localities.
3
glalB| 3
Ai) aloe he laaeilee
SN eS alec a al nee Mics
a | <a et eS
= | | }
Perissolax octolirata, Con. -..---.------|------ x bee ase eee |----<"
Pyropsis perlata, Con .--.-..--- a Pee OM I pe tesl eo ees |.
Richardsoni, Tuomey.- - azjlecieced Dd epee Meese bar ose amenes
Rapa trochiformis, Tuomey. -- D6 ||poseec) posse eos) |e Ao
Turbinopsis Hilgardi, Con .-.--. asocce|lsemace Be MS \lecncer beosce] tecos
Alaria rostrata, Gabb.....---..------- FN Reece cancel) cemoe||rosseel lates
Anchura arenaria, Mort.--.-.--.------|------ Bll core lie-scsellasscec| bees
pennata, Mort ..-....------.].----- rane == | pa ene |xa am ec} esse
Natica abyssina, Mort ..-.-...--..---.|------ Me | occocg Honca6 oa ea
Gyrodes crenata, Con...-.-.----------|------|.----- oS ERRSSS | eosdel be=sse
Xenophora leprosa, Mort ---.-.--. --.
Endoptygma umbilicata, Young ...--
Sealaria Sillimani, Mort ---.--.--
Turritella encrinoides, Mort. ---.

Hardimanensis, Gabb -
pumilia,Gabb .-...-
vertebroides, Mort --...---

TYotal Gasteropods .-...-----.--

Nautilus Dekayi ..-.....----.---.----

Ammonites complexus, Meek -.....--.|....--|.----- ABCs bees eceecs BS
dentato-carinatus, Roemer)......|.-.... eae By KX | lessee

Placenti: eras placenta, Gabb-....---..|.----- x | x x x x
Sphenodiscus lenticularis, Owen.-.... x x SS | Becaee} ec x
= Scaphites nod.sus, Owen ........--..-.|.----.|------ | 9 eseee Reese x
Baculites ovatus .............-....-- acon |) 2 Xi sees x ox
Ch Nairhee es Be ee Sees ees | etn e x x |:324] <
Total Cephalopods ..--..--.--- ee ets 5 1 5 7

Of the Eocene Gasteropoda the following species occur in Alabama:

Pseudoliva retusta, Con. Volutitithes Sayana, Con.
Neptunea staminea, Con. Calyptrophorus, Con.
Clavella raphanoides, Con. : Cassidaria carinata, Lamk.
Caracella pyruloides, Con. Ficus penitus, Con.

Voluta Newcombiana, Whitf.

and a single species, Conus subsauridens, Con., occurs in South Carolina.!

1 These citations are taken mostly from Mr. Gabb’s Synopsis of the Mollusca of the Cretaceous
Formations, from Meek’s, Check Lists, Cretaceous and Jurassic, in the Smithsonian Reports, and from
some of Mr, T. A, Conrad’s writings,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 31

PALEONTOLOGICAL EQUIVALENTS OF THE NEW JERSEY GREEN
MARLS.

Of the 222 species of Lamellibranchiates described in Vol. 1, 74 are
new species, and of the 190 species of Gasteropods 107 are therein described
for the first time; 70 of these new forms are Cretaceous and 37 are Eocene.
These new species of course are of no stratigraphic value at the present
time; further than their generic relations have weight. It will be seen,
however, from tables Nos. 3 and 4, that the New Jersey Lower Marls must
be equivalents of the Cretaceous beds found so extensively throughout the
Southern States, notwithstanding the great difference in their lithological
character, as so large a proportion of the species have been recognized as
common to one or more of those localities, 66 species of these classes
being known from Alabama and other States, as shown in the list below.

New Jersey fossils common to Alabama and—

Lamelli- | Gastero- Cephalo-
eee branchiates. pods. pods.
JUGRNGRRAD isn ce owfa= aale nen .a asa se =m 15 0 1
WTEET ESN DL eases cocoa Sac aeee naar 18 4 4
INGIER CAtGUINA cosa aclanenacisese cso sac 11 0 1
WEEE $265 opt hee sas emeros Loceer Zn 1 4

While of New Jersey fossils found in other States and not in Alabama

there are—
Lamelli- Gastero- Cephalo-
came: branchiates. pods. pods.
PENTICHROG na eemeoseee sen eae acces one 6 2 1
MUS STEN) 0 cee eer scar cooe ene es 2 2 1
North Carolina) :cos-. cose. eocceatsccs 7 1 0
INES Be Boe pO Cecqonn ae cmon Cece 0 1

In all probability many more Gasteropods may prove common to New
Jersey and other States when the casts from those places shall have been
critically compared. It will be seen, therefore, that no reasonable question
can be entertained of the near equivalency of these beds. Nor can there
be any question as to the relationship existing between the Crosswicks

oe PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Creek and Haddontield Micaceous clays at the base of or below the Lower
Green Marls and the Eufaula, Alabama, and Tippah, Mississippi, beds of
Messrs. Conrad and Gabb, for many of the species are identical, and even
the lithological characters of the beds and conditions of preservation of the
fossils are so nearly alike as to render it almost impossible to distinguish |
them apart. With the western Cretaceous formations there is, however, a
much less similarity, although the generic resemblance is still very striking,
many of the genera being the same in both, while the species are often
very close representatives of those at the West found in the Fort Pierre
group, No. 4, or perhaps more properly in Nos. 4 and 5 of Meek and
Hayden’s Upper Missouri section. Still there can be no question as to the
very close relationship of the Lower Marl beds of New Jersey and the
Crosswicks and Haddonfield beds to the Fort Pierre group, No. 4, of the
Upper Mississippi section.

This reference of the New Jersey Marls to Nos. 4 and 5 of the Upper
Missouri section is by no means a new feature in their study, for it has been
made by several paleontologists and geologists in the past, so that it has
become generally understood. But heretofore it has been done collectively,
or as a whole, as far as concerns the New Jersey formations; while the
fossils are here for the first time separated according to the different beds
in which they occur, and studied separately, and consequently this study
more positively confirms these previous classifications. Yet it proves im-
possible clearly to separate the New Jersey formations to correspond to
the different numbers and strata recognized at the West, they having rather
the expression of the two beds Nos. 4 and 5 combined.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.

MOLLUSCA.
Class GASTEROPODA.

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
Family MURICID.

Genus TUDICLA Bolton.

TUDICLA PLANIMARGINATA, h. Sp.

Plate 1, Figs. 1-3.

Shell small or somewhat below a medium size, very ventricose, with
a very low spire composed of but little more than two entire volutions in
the cast; outer volution large, forming the great bulk of the shell and
having a diameter considerably greater than the entire height, including
the short beak and canal. Volutions marked on the periphery by a flat-
tened, vertical band, bordered above and below by an angulation; a second
angulation also marking the upper surface midway between the top of the
vertical flattening and the suture line, and still another on the under side of
the volution near the base of the beak; columellar cavity only of medium
size, with aperture large, wider or about as wide as high, but little modi-
fied on the inner side by the preceding volution; lip slightly expanded;
surface unknown.

The species somewhat resembles in its general appearance Pyropsis
trivolvis Gabb, from the Middle Marls; but it has a much lower spire, com-
posed of fewer volutions, and the anterior beak has been quite short.

MON XVIII——3 as

34 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

There is no Tudicla in the Cretaceous to which it bears any great resem-
blance.

Formation and locality: Lower Green Marls, at Crosswicks Creek,
New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College.

Genus PYROPSIS Conrad.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p.. 288.

Mr. Conrad describes this genus as follows: ‘Spire very short, apex not
papillated; labrum without strize within, thick; columella without a fold;”
and places it as a subgenus under Tudicla Bolton. Immediately following
the generic description he describes 7. (Pyropsis) perlata, Pl. xuv1, Fig. 39,
which, although not cited as the type, ought naturally, from its position in
connection with the generic description, to be considered such. This shell
possesses close affinities with the Miwricide, and with the Haustellum group,
having a long, slender canal and beak, with the inner lip of the aperture
strongly reflected over the body whorl and columella, leaving an open
space between itself and the columellar portion of the beak, but not a true
umbilical cavity. The canal is entirely open, however, and the whorls are
without varices, although there appears to be a tendency to form spines on
the periphery. The absence of strize within the aperture and want of ridge
or tubercle at the base of the posterior angle of the aperture on the inner
lip separate it fromthe genus Tudicla, with which in nearly all other char-
acters it agrees. It is somewhat difficult to determine satisfactorily, among
the casts with which I have to deal, which should be placed under this
genus and which may belong to Mr. Gabb’s genus Perissolax, as Mr.
Gabb’s type of this genus, P. trivolva, is so very closely related to this one.

There appears to be little difference between the two genera if the
types alone are considered, but a part of those herein referred to Pyropis,
which would seem to be properly referable to it, depart considerably from
the type in the greater height of the spire, the rounding of the volutions,
and probably in the shorter canal, and appear to form a connection between
this genus and Pyrifusus Conrad. But this latter genus has never been
properly understood, owing to the improper figuring of the type species, the
original of which I have examined. (See description of that genus else-
where in this volume, p. 48.)

pa Ee ox

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. oe

PYROPSIS ELEVATA.
Plate 1, Figs. 11-13.
Rapa elevata Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 301,
Pl. xiviu, Fig. 12, Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.
Tudicla elevata Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 74-85; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss.,

p. 23; Geol. N. J , Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Pyropsis perlata Conrad: Am. Jour, Conch., vol. 4, p. 248.
Pyrula Richardsoni (Tuomey) Conrad: ibid.
Pyropsis elevata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 284.

Shell rather large, broadly turbinate, with a very low spire, in which
the volutions scarcely rise above each other beyond the general slope of the
upper surface of the outer one; whorls about three in number, the outer
one large and biangular in the upper part, the upper surface sloping from
the suture to the periphery, forming only a very slight angle with the axis of
the shell on all the inner parts, but more rapidly declining on the outer part
of the last one; periphery of the last volution nearly vertical between the
upper and lower angles, but very rapidly contracted in the lower part to
form the short, obtuse, anterior canal; aperture very large, fully four-fifths
of the entire height of the shell, strongly biangular on the outer side, and
modified on the upper inner portion by the body of the preceding volution;
axis as shown on the cast, large, destitute of columellar folds; surface of
the shell seemingly marked by revolving ridges, but not very deeply, as
the cast shows only very faint traces of them, scarcely sufficient to afford
grounds for a positive assertion that they really existed, yet pretty positive
indications of lines of growth exist on the summit of the outer volution,
and also of stronger folds or varices at somewhat regular distances, prob-
ably indicating six or eight on the last whorl.

There may be some question as to the identity of this species with
Conrad’s Pyropsis perlata. This matter has been discussed by Messrs.
Gabb and Conrad’ without any very satisfactory results. There cer-
tainly is a great resemblance between the type specimen of this species
and the cast which I have referred doubtfully to Mr. Conrad’s species; but
J am not so sure of its identity with the shell originally figured by Conrad

'Am, Jour. Conch., vol, 4, p, 428, and Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p, 284,

36 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

as P. perlata. Perhaps if larger individuals of that form were examined
the volutions might show a much greater angulation than does his figure
cited above, and also, if the shell of this one were obtained, the anterior
canal might be found prolonged as it is in the southern shell; but im their
present condition I should think them more probably distinet.

Formation and locality: Lower Green Marls in Burlington County,
New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

PYROPSIS OCTOLIRATA.
Plate mu, Figs. 8-10.
Ficus octoliratus Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 3, p. 332;
Pl. xxxv, Fig. 6; Gabb, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 27.6
Perissolax octolirata (Con.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 67; Meek, Check List Cret. and

Jur. Foss., p. 23; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell of small size, globular or subpyriform in general outline ; com-
posed of about three very ventricose volutions; spire low-conical, apex
apparently not mammillated; volutions marked by from six to nine spiral
ridges or coste, which are usually strongly marked on the easts and are
crossed by vertical ridges at about an equal distance or slightly more dis-
tant than the spiral lines, and which divide the surface into a number of
square depressed spaces; rostrum short and pointed, apparently straight,
and, as seen from the aperture side, about half as long as the diameter of
the last volution; aperture elongate, pointed at each extremity, and scarcely
more than half as wide as long. In the casts the suture line is distinet and
often very strongly marked.

The New Jersey specimens of this species differ from Mr. Conrad's
figure of the type, which was a Tippah County, Mississippi, specimen, in
being marked by vertical lines, which that specimen does not show nor
does Mr. Conrad mention them as occurring, unless it may be inferred that
his statement that the coste are “inclined to be square” may have meant
this, which, however, I infer to have applied to spaces between the.ridges
being flat instead of being concave as in those from New Jersey. This
feature (the vertical costze) is a very marked one on these specimens, and
I am strongly inclined to consider it a specific distinction, as on a single

|

oe

a Ated ~~ oI ee oe ee

‘
oe ee

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. Sid

fragment of the Tippah County specimen in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. no
such vertical markings are seen. Among the collections from Haddonfield,
New Jersey, in the collections of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., there is an
imperfect example of a small individual which I suppose to belong to this
species, with shell preserved, and in which the rostrum is seen to be about
equal in length to the rest of the shell, including the aperture, and to have
been apparently very slightly twisted.

Formation and locality: Inthe Lower Marls at Upper Freehold and
Walnford, from the sand under the Lower Marls at Backmans pits, near
Middleton, and from the clays below the marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey.

PYROPSIS PERLATA ?

Plate 1, Figs. 8-10.

Tudicla (Pyropsis) perlata Conrad ?: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4,

p. 288, Pl. xtv1, Fig. 39; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 85; Meek, Check List Cret.

and Jur. Foss., p. 23.
Rapa elevata Gabb, and Pyrula Richardsonii? Tuomey, Conrad: Am, Jour.
Conch., vol. 4, p. 248.
Pyropsis Richardsonii (Tuomey) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 284.
Tudiela (Pyrula) trochiformis Tuomey, Gabb: Synopsis, p. 85, foot note.

Shell, as shown by internal casts of moderate size, broadly turbinate,
with a low, almost flat spire, and short rostral beak; volutions about three
in number, strongly angular on the upper part, nearly flat on the summit
and rapidly increasing in size with increased growth; sutures very strongly
marked, the inner whorls having been embedded in the upper part of the
outer ones; aperture comparatively large, ovate, wide and angular above
and pointed below. Umbilical cavity of the east very large, indicating a
very strong and thickened columella and short rostral beak; no evidence of
spiral ridges or striz is shown on the casts examined.

Tam by no means certain that this form, as seen in the New Jersey
beds, is identical with 7. perlata, Conrad; the specimens do not furnish posi-
tive characters by which the question can be determined. Conrad’s shell,
as figured, would have left very much such a cast as this one, as far as the

casts could be preserved, except, perhaps, in the extension of the rostral

38 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

beak. Among the specimens of the species examined there is no evidence
preserved showing the exact length of this part; but the evidence furnished
is in favor of a short beak, as the rapid thinning of the cast at this part
would not favor the opposite opinion. How much reason there may be for
the assertion that the New Jersey form is identical with Tuomey’s 7. Rich-
ardsonii 1 can not say, as I have not seen Dr. Tuomey’s type specimens,
which were never figured; but there are casts of three or four species before
me from New Jersey, some of which accord with his description more
nearly in the “angle” of the volution being ‘‘rounded” than does this one.
I would, therefore, rather retain this under Mr. Conrad’s name than refer it
haphazard to that one. It is distinguished from all the other New Jersey
species by the shorter form and greater angulation of the volution.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl beds at Upper Freehold,
New Jersey, from collections made by the State Geological Survey.

PYROPSIS RETIFER.

Plate u, Figs. 1-4.

Fusus retifer (Gabb) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 301, PI.

XLvil, Fig. 11—Synopsis, p. 52.

Fusus |?) retifer (Gabb) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 22.
Perissolax retifer (Gabb) Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell of small size, pyriform in outline or subequal above and below
the point of greatest diameter; volutions about three, very ventricose and
rapidly increasing in size, full and rounded above and in the middle, but
rapidly contracted below, forming a short, pointed beak, even in the cast;
spire low-conical, sutures very marked in the cast; aperture large, semicir-
cular on the outer margin and forming nearly or quite two-thirds of the
entire length of the shell; columellar cavity very narrow, indicating a slen-
der, straight beak; surface marked by closely arranged, spiral ridges, placed
at nearly equal distances and numbering twelve or more on the body volu-
tion; also by vertical lines, which, although faintly marked, appear to have
been nearly the same distance apart as the spiral ridges or much more
closely arranged, as seen on different individuals.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 39

This species is somewhat obscure in its generic features. Mr. Gabb’s
figure is somewhat longer than the specimen from which it was made, the
spire being rather high and the beak less prolonged. I am not at all sure
that it is not properly referrable to the genus Perissolax, but it is, perhaps, as
safe to leave it here as to venture another reference without a more positive
knowledge of the shell itself, nothing but casts having yet been seen. I
have only two casts in hand which I have referred to the species, and they
differ considerably from each other in the proportional gibbosity of the
body whorl and somewhat in the proportional length of the body of the
shell.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Walntord, New
Jersey, at Mr. C. Bruere’s pits, and the sand under the Lower Marls at Mr,
Backman’s pits, near Middletown, New Jersey. Mr. Gabb’s specimen came

from the same horizon at Mullica Hill, New Jersey.

PyrRopsis RICHARDSONII ?
Plate 1, Figs. 14-16.

? Pyrula Richardsonii, Tuomey: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 169; Con-
rad, Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 248.

Pyropsis Richardsonii (Tiomey) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 284.

Perissolazx [?] Richardsonii (Tuomey) Gabb: Gabb, Synopsis, p. 67; Meek, Check
List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 23.

The casts which I have considered as most nearly allied to Dr. Tuomey’s
species, so far as I can judge of its characters from his description, are
broadly pyriform and but slightly convex on the top, the inner volutions
scarcely rising above the surface of the body whorl, in this feature agree-
ing with his statement, ‘spire depressed, almost flat.” The form of the
outer volution is depressed convex above, but not flat, the surface slightly
sloping in some individuals from the suture to near the point of great-
est diameter, and regularly rounded on the sides and’,below, but ex-
tended into a long, slightly curved beak and wide open canal in front
when perfect, which is very rarely the case. Only a single individual has
been found preserving this portion of the cast entire among all this group
of shells seen from New Jersey. The volutions are abo ut three in num-

40 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ber and increase very rapidly in size, with wide sutures in the cast, indi-
‘ating a thickened shell; aperture large, semilunate above, but contracted
below to form the canal; the columellar cavity in the cast rather large,
without any evidence of fold or twisting; surface of the casts usually
smooth, the markings of the shell net transmitted to its inner surface, but
often marked on the inner face of the whorls; the shell as shown on two
different individuals, one preserving a portion of the substance, the other
retaining a part of the matrix, has been covered by very strong, nodose
spiral bands or ridges, with sometimes smaller secondary lines between.
These have even existed on the columella and the beak, and very closely
resemble the markings of P. trochiformis, from which it differs, however,
in the flattened upper surface of that species and the strong fold on its
columella.

Formation and locality « In the Lower Green Marls at Freehold and
Crosswicks Creek and at the Neversink Hills, New Jersey, and in iron
nodules from the plastic clays near Freeport, New Jersey. Collections at

Rutgers College.

PYROPSIS ? OBESA, N. sp.

Plate 111, Figs. 12, 13.

Shell of moderate size, very ventricose, with very round, full, short
volutions, and short obtuse spire, the body volution being produced below
to form a short beak of almost insignificant proportions, as shown by the
cast; apical angle about 80 degrees; volutions about three in number, very
short and compact; smooth on the surface, except on the last one, where
spiral lines are shown to have existed on the shell and to have left their
imprint; only about five or six of these traceable, and those on the lower
side; aperture moderately large, obliquely ovate, rounded above and pointed
below; columella rather strong, somewhat flexuose, judging from the axial
cavity left in the cast, and apparently marked by a single, rather promi-
nent oblique ridge in its lower part.

This cast presents the general features of a Pyropsis, but differs in the
possession of the columellar fold or ridge, and I am at a loss to place it sat-

isfactorily under any known genus. Perhaps the matrix might show its

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ee eee SS er

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a er a oe ee

Seer a

et ee eS

és

wy oa. Foe re

YASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 41

true relations, but unfortunately such material has not been considered of
value by collectors and does not often appear to exist in a condition to be
preserved.

Formation and locality: In the ferruginous layers of the Lower Marl
3eds at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. In the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
New York city.

PYROPSIS TROCHIFORMIS (?)
Plate 1, Figs. 4-7.
Pyrula trochiformis Tuomey: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 169.
Tudicla trochiformis (Tuomey) Gabb: Gabb, Synopsis, p. 85; Meek, Check List

Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 22.

? Pyropsis trochiformis (Tuomey) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1876, p. 285.

Shell pyriform, with a nearly flat spire; volutions three or four, very
rapidly increasing in size, ventricose and subangular above, but rapidly
contracted below and forming a short anterior canal; aperture semilunate,
subangular above and contracted below ; surface covered by very strong
spiral lines, which leave their imprint on the east, those on the body of the
shell strong and coarse, but those below gradually becoming more slender
toward the base, of which the larger volution probably had twelve or
fourteen.

This shell, as shown by the internal casts, if properly identified, is
very closely allied to P. Richardsonii of the same author; but the revolving
ridges are more distinetly marked and the form of the volution is shorter,
and more rapidly contracted below, making the beak more marked and dis-
tinct from the body of the volution than in that one.

Formation and locality: The examples which I have referred to Dr.
Tuomey’s species are from the collections of the Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.,
where I find them under the name Pyropsis trochiformis, 11 Mr. Gabb’s
handwriting, I judge. There are several fragments of large casts, but
only two small ones, which I have considered in the description. The
locality on the label is marked “Cret., N. J.,” only, like so very many of
the specimens from this State, but one of these specimens is evidently
from Mullica Hill; the other I can not refer to any definite locality. The
lot is credited to Col. Bryan, but I think they are from several localities,
and probably all from the Lower Marl Beds.

42 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Pyropsis REILEYI, n. sp.
Plate 0, Figs. 11-20.

Shell of medium size, subglobular or globularly ovate in general form,
with a moderately elevated spire and subventricose volutions which are
somewhat rapidly enlarged outwardly; volutions about three in number,
the last one forming the principal bulk of the shell, and regularly rounded
from the suture line to the beginning of the very slightly extended anterior
beak; the inner volutions nearly on a level with each other, but the outer
one dropping more rapidly below the inner, giving the greater height to
the spire; volutions regularly rounded, without any angulation in the upper
part, especially on the last one; aperture large, semilunate, modified above
on the inside by the projection of the inner volution; cavity left in the cast
by the removal of the columellar axis very large and marked on the surface
by a series of circular protuberances which gradually increase in size with
the growth of the shell; the inner one of four, which can be seen on one
cast, and which is situated at the inner limit of the last volution, is only
about a twelfth of an inch in diameter, while the outer one is rather more
than one-fourth of an inch across; the surface of the shell marked by sev-
eral strong, coarse, revolving ridges, which have left their imprint only very
slightly on the surface of the cast; the outer lip of the shell seems also to
have been slightly expanded, at least near the upper part of the aperture.

This shell, as shown by the internal casts, differs from the other species
herein described in its more elevated spire and rounded but less gibbous
and less ventricose volutions, especially the outer one. The axis has also
been much stronger in proportion to the size of the specimen, and the
anterior canal shorter and less distinct. The peculiar flattened nodelike
protuberances on the columellar lip may be the result of accident. Indeed,
it would seem almost impossible for the animal to have purposely formed
and retained such protuberances, as they are not continuous or connected
but are each one isolated from the others, but their gradual increase in size
as the shell has developed is a peculiar feature and gives them a meaning
which they otherwise would not possess. The shell, however, is specifi-
cally distinct from the others, entirely independent of this peculiarity.

|
.
|
1
|
|

=

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 43

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New
Jersey. Collected by the Rev. Dr. Reiley, and now in the collection at
Rutgers College.

Pyropsis NATICOIDES, n. sp.
Plate u, Figs. 5-7.

Small, obliquely ventricose, broadly naticoid in form, with a low spire
and rapidly increasing volutions, the last one of which is more rapidly
deflected downwards than the earlier ones and forms the ereat bulk of the
‘ast, appearing in its outer third almost as if detached from the inner volu-
tions of the shell, caused probably by the excessive thickening of the shell
at the suture; the columella has been small and the aperture proportion-
ally quite large, and of a semicircular form, more pointed below than
above; volutions not more than two and a half in number; surface of the
cast smooth, with the exception of a few faintly marked vertical folds or
wrinkles which show only on the inner or smaller third of the outer volu-
tions, and may have been caused by closely arranged varices of growth,
but they resemble the folds on a regularly plicated shell.

The species is peculiar in its naticoid form and in the rapid deflection
of the outer portion of the last volution. Had it not been for the form of
the aperture and columellar cavity, the cast would be naturally looked
upon as that of a Natica or Gyrodes. The appearance of vertical folds would
scarcely answer for Natica, but as they occur on only a small area of the
outer volution they may be deceptive in their meaning. The cast might
answer equally well for that of a species of Rhizocheilus, and the deflections
of the last whorl would also agree with some species of that genus, but I
am not aware that any species of that form has been recognized as low
down as the Cretaceous. It might also answer quite well for a species of
Rapa. Dr. Stolieczka figures species of Rapa’ which are quite strongly
marked with vertical folds, which would show on an internal cast much
more strongly than do these.

Formation and locality: The specimen bears no label of locality, but
possesses all the features of casts from the ferruginous layers of the Lower

44 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Marl Beds at Mullica Hill, New Jersey, and I have no doubt of its having
come from that place. Collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

Pyropsis (RAPA?) SEPTEMLIRATA.
Plate 11, Figs. 4-8.
Cancellaria septemlirata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pisin
Fig. 10; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 42.
Cancellaria ? septemlirata (Gabb) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 19,
Geol. N. J.. Newark, 1868, pp. 729.
Pyropsis septemlirata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 285.

Shell, as shown by the internal casts, depressed globular or broadly
oblate in general outline, the volutions beg very ventricose, and the spire
low, the inner volutions rising but very little above the outer ones, and the
base in the casts being quite short; volutions probably not more than three
and a half or four in number, and very rapidly expanding, so that the last
one forms nearly the entire bulk of the shell, the outer one being slightly
angular in the upper part; aperture large, semilunate or semielliptical, as
wide as or wider than high, modified on the imer upper half by the pre-
ceding yolution, and slightly extended below by the projection of the
short columella, upon which there appears to have been a strong, angular
ridge; surface marked by very strong, angular, spiral ridges with concave
interspaces; seven or eight of these may be counted below the angulation
of the outer volution, including the angle itself, and two or three smaller
ones above this point on large specimens; those below the angulation grad-
ually decrease in distance and become more and more oblique as they
approach the columella. On a single large distorted specimen which I
find in the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., identified apparently by
Mr. Gabb, there appears to have been rather strong, irregular, transverse
marks of growth crossing the spiral lines, possibly only an individual char-
acter, but I think probably organic and a specific feature.

In its general form this species is somewhat similar to P. octolirata Con.,
but differs in its much greater size, lower spire, and shorter canal, as well
as in the slight angulation of the body whorl, which that one never shows.

I do not think it probable that this shell was congeneric with those upon

oo heen

c

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 45

which the genus Pyropsis was originally founded, on account of the exist-
ence of a ridge-like feature on the columella near the base of the aperture,
which indicates a projection of the shell at this point and the oblique
truncation of the anterior ends of the casts, features which would appear
to ally this and the following species with Rapa papyracea Lam., and |
strongly suspect that is where they both belong.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls of New Jersey, at Mullica
Hill and Holmdel. The specimens are invariably in a very poor state of
preservation.

Pyropsis (RAPA?) CORRINA, n. sp.
Plate n1, Figs. 1-3.

Shell of medium size, turbinate, with a nearly flat spire, consisting of
two and a half to three volutions, and with a short base; volutions rounded
above, and separated by deep, wide sutures in the casts, increasing very
rapidly with the increased growth of the shell, broadly rounded on the
periphery and angulated at the base, with a projecting border around the
extremely wide and open umbilical cavity of the cast; aperture large,
obliquely subovate, rounded above and on the outer side, straightened or
strongly modified on the inner margin and pointed below; columella strong,
or else hollow and formed by a free inner lip like that of Rapa; marked
on the lower part by a strong angulation, which has projected into the
aperture like a knee a short distance above the base; surface of the cast
smooth, showing no evidence of spiral or transverse lines or ridges.

I at first included this species among those referred to Pyropsis trachy-

Jormis Tuomey, but was compelled subsequently to change its position from

the evidence afforded by the knee-like projecting ridge of the columella,
which I think allies this shell, and also P. septemlirata Gabb, with Rapa,
deeming them closely allied to shells like R. papyracea Lam.; but from want
of sufficient evidence I leave them in their present place doubtfully.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New
Jersey. From Prof. Reiley’s collection.

46 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Genus PERISSOLAX Gabb.
Synopsis of the Mollusca of the Cretaceous formations, by W. M. Gabb, 1861, p. 66.

The genus Perissolax was founded upon a group of shells, found in the
Cretaceous formations, which are characterized by a low spire, rather large,
globose or pyriform body volution, and a rather long anterior beak and
canal, which is straight or but very little curved, and a columella without
plaits or folds. Mr. Gabb cites as types P. (Fusus) longirostris D’Orb.,
from Chili, South America, and P. (Fusus) trivolvus Gabb, from the New
Jersey Middle Marl Beds. From Mr. Gabb’s remarks and the classification
of his species in his various papers where it is mentioned, he appears to
have considered it as strongly related to Fusus, although in his original
description! of the genus he says: ‘‘They have nearly the form of the genus
Tudicla ov Haustellum,” the latter of which is usually classed with or consid-
ered asasynonym of Murer. Mr. Tryon, in his Structural and Systematic
Conchology, classes Perissolax under the Buccinide, while Dr. Stoliczka,’
although quite doubtful of its relations, would appear to indicate it as belong-
ing to the Muricide near or among the Fulgwine. After studying the
species herein described, in connection with others from other parts of the
country, I am inclined to consider them as having their nearest affinities with
Haustellum in the Muricide, and have so arranged them. The Fusus longi-
rostris, D’Orb., I only know from figures, but the Fusus trivolvis Gabb, the
American type, is figured and described in this volume, the type specimen
having been used for this purpose. It will be readily seen on comparison
that it has more resemblance to Haustellum than to the typical forms of
the genus Fusus, and differs principally in the higher spire and want of
periodic varices. Some of the species have, however, nodes or short spines
at stated distances on the periphery. The full characters of the beak and
‘anal have not been seen in any of the New Jersey specimens, all the species
having been described from casts on which these parts are wanting to a
ereater or less extent. There can be but little doubt as to its relations,
however, with that group of the Muricide, and none I think as to its valid-
ity, even should it prove to be identical with Conrad’s genus Pyropsis, to
which it is very closely related, as it has precedence in point of time.

‘Synopsis of the Mollusca of the Cretaceous formations, 1361, p. 66.
2Ind. Geol. Sury., Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna South Ind,, vol. 2, p. 113,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 47

PERISSOLAX DUBIA.
Plate m, Figs. 9-11.
Purpuroidea? dubia Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl. 1, Fig.
11; Synopsis, p. 73; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell of medium size, conical above, abruptly contracted below the
largest part of the last volution, and extended in front into a short, some-
what slender beak; volutions about four, strong, convex on the surface, with
well-marked sutures; apical angle in the vicinity of fifty degrees; aperture
ovate, somewhat acute at each end, but prolonged below; surface marked
by revolving ridges and by closely arranged vertical folds; of the former,
there are eleven, eight of which may be said to be above the middle of
the volution, or above the periphery, while three only are really below this
point, and these more distant and somewhat stronger than the others, with
distinctly concave spaces between, while the lower half of the space between
the beak and the periphery seems to be destitute of ridges; vertical
folds low and rounded, with concave interspaces of about an equal breadth
with the folds, or the folds may be said to unite at their bases, occupying
the entire space; twelve of them can be counted on the outer half of the
last volution; the folds bent slightly backwards from the suture to the cen-
ter of the volution, and again very faintly forward at that point, below
which they rapidly become obsolete, not showing on the under side of the
volution.

The specimen from which the above description is taken is entirely a
cast, in very soft, friable marl, and is rapidly falling to pieces, notwith-
standing every effort has been made to preserve it, the decomposition hay-
ing progressed too far before it came into my hands. It appears to be a
vast retaining the external features, the yielding marl having been pressed
into the cavity as the shell substance was removed; it thus retains the
external features and presents the true characters of the shell. It is much
larger than Mr. Gabb’s type specimen, which is also a cast, but partially if
not wholly an internal one, so that the surface features were not fully pre-
served. There can be but little if any doubt, however, of their specific
dentity. I am not sure that the present specimen retains the entire length

48 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

of the anterior beak, as a part of the marl has crumbled at that pomt,
but as far as the specimen showed when first obtained, the figure is cor-
rect and may be relied upon. The specimen is, moreover, somewhat dis-
torted by oblique pressure, making the under surface of the volution broader
and less abrupt than is natural. This corrected would cause it to resemble
Mr. Gabb’s figure more closely.

Formation and locality: In the dark-green, friable, and rather coarse
layers of the Lower Green Marl, at Holmdel, New Jersey. In the collee-
tion of Prof. Reiley. Mr. Gabb’s specimen was from Mullica Hill, New
Jersey, from a similar position.

Genus PYRIFUSUS Conrad.

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 3, 1858, p. 332. Type P. subdensatus,
ibid, p. 332, Pl. xxxv, Fig. 12.

Mr. Conrad describes this genus, which is founded upon his species
Pyrifusus subdensatus, as follows: “Pyriform; columella broad, thick, flat-
tened; body volution transversely oval.” Mr. Conrad’s type specimen upon
which both the species and the genus was founded is before me, and there
are two of the characters as given in the above generic description that I
should consider as not really belonging to the shell. The statement that
the columella is “flattened,” I should consider incorrect. It is excessively
thickened for the entire length of the inner lip, almost forming a tubercle
at the upper end, and along the narrow part of the canal is so much thick-
ened as to give it a sharply angular ridge on the inner edge, but there is no
flattening of the columella like that of Littorina or Purpurea. In this one
specimen, the only one I have seen of the species, the thickening of the
columella with age has been so great as to raise its surface very much above
that of the external shell surface directly against it, in this way making
the entire columella much broader than it would be in a younger shell.
Another feature of the description above quoted is “body volution trans-
versely oval.” Nearly all univalve shells having rapidly increasing volu-
tions appear oval in a summit view, or, as the description says, “transversely
oval,” from the greater increase in diameter of the outer part of the volu-

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 49

tion. ‘To this, in the present specimen, is added an unequal increase in
growth from an accident during life, and some slight compression from the
condition of its imbedding, the compression coming in a dorso-ventral
direction. I have given three figures of this specimen on PI. ty, Figs. 1-3,
for the purpose of correction.

Mr. Meek" has emended Mr. Conrad’s generie description, as follows:
“Shell with body volution a little compressed dorso-ventrally; columella
flattened; spire about one-fifth the length of the aperture and canal;” citing
the same species as the type. Mr. Meek undoubtedly took his ideas of the
shell from Mr. Conrad’s description and a very imperfect figure of the back
of the shell only. Of this I feel certain, for the reason that the type, which
is the property of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City, coming to them
through Prof. Holmes, of Charleston, South Carolina, was at that time
packed away in New York, and not opened until some years afterward by
myself. Here he has increased the confusion by regarding the slight indi-
vidual imperfection and accidental compression as the principal and impor-
tant generic feature. Mr. Conrad? adds still further to the confusion by
citing from the Paleontologia Indica, vol. 2, as belonging to this genus fig-
ures and species which are quite distinet from it: This also Mr. Meek points
out. Mr. Meek* in the earlier lines of his extended description of the genus,
states that the spire is “not papillate at the apex.” The specimen is
slightly imperfect at the apex, but it shows plainly that it was papillate
at the apex when perfect, although but slightly so. Again, speaking of the
aperture, he says, “being angular, but not notched or canaliculate above,”
which the specimen certainly is, and quite distinctly so. Still, notwith-
standing these features, Mr. Meek’s genus Neptunella, with which he was
comparing it, is quite a distinct form. Mr. Conrad’s genus may be char-
acterized as follows:

Shell turbinate or pyriform; spire short; canal and beak short, slightly
bent in the lower part; columella smooth, thickened, slightly callous in

the upper part; aperture large, channeled above and narrowly contracted

‘Invert. Pal., vol. 9, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., pp. 343-044.}
*Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, p. 248.
’U. S. Geol. Surv, Terr,, vol. 9, Invert Pal., p. 343,

MON XVIII——4

50 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

below; outer lip slightly thickened periodically, broadly sinuate on the
margin in the upper part, smooth within; volutions ventricose above and
contracted below, longitudinally costate and spirally lined; axis not umbil-
icated. Type P. subdensata Conrad.

The genus is most nearly allied to Pyropsis, Tudicla, and Rapa. It differs
from each of them in the thickened, callous columella; from Rapa in want-
ing the umbilicus; from Pyropsis in the shorter beak (want of angulations on
the volutions in some species), and in having the inner lip entirely united
with the columella or beak of the shell; from Tudicla in the shorter beak,
smooth inner surface of the outer lip, and pyriform shape and posterior
channel. From some of the Tudiclas herein described under that genus,
there appears but slight difference except in the features of the aperture and-
columella; and in the casts it is somewhat difficult to say to which genus
they belong.

PYRIFUSUS ERRATICUS, 0. Sp.

Plate rv, Wigs. 4, 5.

Shell of medium size, a very fine specimen used, measuring 14 inches

in length; nearly equally fusiform or biconical in general outline as viewed -

from the back; apical angle about 50°; volutions, about four m number,
the last one large, subangular on the periphery, concave above, rounded
below the middle, and contracted in the lower part; upper volutions con-
vex; suture distinct; aperture elongate; canal short; the volutions crossed
by nine or ten vertical plications, which are strong, prominent, and
rounded on the larger part of the volution, and but faintly marked on the
lower convexity of the last one, becoming obsolete before reaching the
beak; the entire surface of the shell also marked by beautifully rounded,
spiral lines, which are alternately larger and smaller, and very closely
arranged; these again crossed by fine transverse lines of growth, which
make a broad and rather strong retral curve from the suture to the most
prominent part of the longitudinal plications, below which point they again
bend forward to the swell of the volution below; columella and axis
unknown,

ee

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 51

This species is somewhat similar to P. Newberryi M. & H., from the
upper Missouri region, but is more equally biconical, less ventricose in the
middle in proportion to the length, and has the longitudinal ribs more dis-
tant. 1 know of no other species with which it may be readily confounded.

Formation and locality: The specimen figured, representing the surface
structure, is from a matrix in an iron sand nodule, found in drift clay, at
Cliffwood, New Jersey, and is in the collection at Columbia College. The
figure is made from a gutta-percha impression in this natural mold. These
nodules are supposed to come from the Lower Marls, as the fossils are all
from that horizon.

PYRIFUSUS CUNEUS, 0. sp.
Plate tv, Figs. 9-11.

Shell of medium size, short-fusiform, nearly twice as long below as
above the periphery of the last volution when viewed from in front, and
almost regularly sloping from that point to the pointed anterior extremity,
as seen in the cast; apical angle about 50° or 55°; volutions about
four; subangular on the periphery and marked by moderately distant but
distinet vertical folds, which are obsolete on the lower third of the volution,
but increase in strength and distance with the increased growth of the shell.
Twelve of these folds can be counted on the body whorl of the best pre-
served cast. Umbilical cavity in the cast, as left by the removal of the colu-
mella, large and destitute of markings or folds of any kind; aperture
cuneate-elliptical, sharply pointed below and angular above; surface char-
acters of the shell unknown.

This species is of about the size of P. erraticus, but differs somewhat
in the form of the volutions and in the less elevation of the spire. The
volutions are more angular on the periphery and the angulation is com-
paratively higher than in that species, while the vertical folds are more
closely arranged. The lower portion of the volution is also not constricted
between the body of the volution and the anterior beak, so that the shell is
of a wedge-shaped form below the periphery. It somewhat closely resembles
P. Newberryi M. & H.!

-U. 8, Geol. Sury. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal., p. 346, Pl. xxx1, Fig. 6, a-d,

52 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls of the Cretaceous
at Freehold, New Jersey.

PYRIFUSUS MULLICAENSIS ?.

Plate tv, Figs. 16-19.
Pleurotoma mullicaensis Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 95, Pl. u,
Fig. 8.
Fusus mullicaensis Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 52, 68; Meek, Check List Cret. and
Jur, Foss., p. 22; Fusus ? (Gabb) Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell of medium size, ovately biturbinate, of nearly equal length above
and below the point of greatest diameter; spire obtusely conical, giving an
apical angle of about 50°; volutions probably about five in the shell,
ventricose, with deep sutures, the last one subangular on the periphery
and presenting a pyriform shape when considered without reference to those
above, the lower part being somewhat attenuated; aperture large, elongate,
subelliptical, more rounded externally than on the inner side; columella
large and strong, as shown by the cavity left by the removal of its sub-
stance in the cast, smooth, and probably pointed below; volutions marked
by numerous obliquely vertical folds, strongest on the largest part; surface
features unknown.

This species is closely related to P. erraticus n. sp., herein described,
but differs materially in its more distinctly ventricose and more pronounced
volutions, and apparently in the greater number of vertical folds crossing
them. Mr. Gabb’s type specimen had nearly the form and size of that
here described, so nearly so that not the least doubt exists of their specific
identity; but the generic relations appear to be undoubtedly with Pyrifusus.

Formation and locality: Mr. Gabb’s type was from Mullica Hill, New
Jersey, while our specimen is marked as coming from Freehold, New Jer-
sey. Both specimens would appear to have come from the Lower Green
Marls.

PyRIFUSUS MACFARLANDI, 0. sp.

Plate tv, Figs. 14-15.

Shell below a medium size, short-conical or subglobose, shorter below
than above the point of greatest diameter, the low spire having an apical

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 53

angle of nearly 90°, with the body volution proportionately large. Volu-
tions four and a half to five in number, ventricose, the upper ones rounded
on the exposed parts, even in the cast, with distinct, deeply marked sutures;
body volution somewhat shouldered on the top, but not flattened; below it
is short and very rapidly diminishing, so as to produce nearly a straight
line from just below the point of greatest diameter to the margin of the
cavity left by the removal of the columella or axis of the shell; aperture
imperfect in form, but as seen by the section of the cast must have been
acutely ovate, sharply pointed below and gradually widened upward for
about two-thirds of its length, and rounded at the upper end; columella, as
shown by the axial cavity, large and smooth, without folds or ridges;
surface marked by numerous vertical folds, about eight of which may be
counted on the outer half of the body whorl; these not seen on the east
below the point of greatest diameter, indicating their absence on the lower
part of the volution in the living shell; no remains of spiral lines preserved
on the specimen.

This species is readily distinguished from the others herein deseribed as
casts by its ventricose and rounded volutions, more numerous vertical folds,
shorter spire, and short dwarfish appearance as regards height. It is more
easily mistaken for a form of Pyropsis, perhaps; but, as compared with any
of those herein described, differs in the more rounded volutions and more
numerous vertical folds. The form of the lower half of the body whorl
and that of the margin of the axial cavity will readily distinguish them on
comparison. :

Formation and locality: Collected trom the ferruginous layers of the
Lower Green Marls, at Mullica Hill, New Jersey, and furnished by Mr.
Joseph McFarland, of Philadelphia.

PYRIFUSUS PYRULOIDES.
Plate Iv, Figs. 12, 13.

Rapa pyruloidea Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl. mm, Fig. 4;
Synopsis, p. 74; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21.
Rapa pyruloidea ? (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

This species was described by Mr. Gabb from a single imperfect cast

which is now in the collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences at Phil-

54 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

adelphia, and from which the figures on our plate are taken, with as much
care as possible. The specimen is turbinate, with a very low spire, and
consists of little more than three volutions, which increase in size very rap-
idly with the increased growth of the shell; the last one comprising by far
the greater bulk of the specimen. In section this volution is strongly ovate,
being modified, however, somewhat on the inner side by the previous volu-
tion. The aperture is very large, widest at the upper third of its height
and sharply pointed at the base. ‘The columellar cavity of the cast, which
the specimen is to a great extent, is proportionally large and indicates a
rapidly widening umbilical cavity. The impression bears no evidence of
any ridge or similar feature on its surtace. The body volution is marked
by rather obscure indications of vertical folds on its upper part, of which
seven may be counted on the outer half of the volution. The fragment of
shell which remains on the specimen is marked by rather strong, somewhat
irregular lines of growth, which are gathered in groups on the upper por-
tion of the volution to form the vertical folds before mentioned.

Mr. Gabb’s description of the species is as follows: “Shell pyriform,
whorls three, spire low, surface marked by longitudinal ribs or undulations,
about twelve on the body whorl, crossed toward the beak by fine revolv-
ing lines.” This latter feature of fine lines toward the beak I could not
distinguish, the shell being in an extremely unfavorable state of preserva-
tion, a part of which may have resulted since the description was originally
drawn. The figures will readily help to distinguish the species, which I
judge to be somewhat rare.

Formation and locality: Inthe Lower Green Marls in Burlington County,
New Jersey, as stated by Mr. Gabb. Collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

PYRIFUSUS TURRITUS, n. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 1-5.

Shell below a medium size for the genus, with a spire rather more than
usually elevated, the volutions of which have been about five in number,
very distinctly pronounced and angular in the middle, the suture lines well
marked and angular; apical angle 45° to 50°; body volution strongly an-
gular, shorter above than below the point of greatest diameter, and forming

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 55

rather more than one-half the length of the entire shell, exclusive of the
short beak; aperture oblique, angularly ovate; columella slender as shown
by the cavity left by the removal of the substance of the shell; volutions
marked by strong, oblique, vertical folds, which are distinct on the periph-
eral angle, but do not extend much above or below, on the cast; strong
spiral lines on some of the casts, eight to ten of which are seen on the ex-
posed portion of the upper volutions, the number marking the basal por-
tion of the body volution not being determinable.

This species, although small, is distinguished from the associated
species, and also from any of those from the western Cretaceous, by its pro-
portionally more elevated spire and exsert volutions. It differs somewhat
from most species of the genus in the proportions of the spire as compared
with the length below the angle of the body whorl, being much longer
above than below the point of greatest diameter. In this respect, as well
as in its general size and appearance, it very closely resembles Turris
(Surcula?) contortus M. & H., as figured,’ but is distinguished from that
form by having the upper surface of the volutions distinctly convex instead
of concave, while such slight indications of the transverse striz as are seen
on some of the casts show that no slit or sinus of the lip existed, thus
removing it definitely from that group of shells.

Formation and localities: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, and
from the Brown Marls of the same formation near Burlington, in the collec-
tion Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., and from sand under the Lower Marls at Mr.
Backman’s pits at Middletown, New Jersey. In the collections at Rutgers
College.

PYRIFUSUS MEEKI, 0. sp.

Plate Iv, Figs. 6, 7.

Shell moderately large for the genus, having a diameter of nearly 14
inches of the body whorl; subequally biconical in general outline; spire
elevated, having an apical angle, as seen in the cast, of somewhat less than
60°, with the spire slightly longer than the shell below, as viewed from
the back of the last volution; volutions probably about four in number

1U. S. Geol, Surv. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal., Pl. xxx1, Fig. 7.

56 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

(the specimens being all imperfect), subangular on the periphery above the
last one, which is biangular and obliquely flattened on the periphery, the
lower angle less strongly marked and less prominent than the upper one,
and both crossed by strong, rounded, vertical folds, which become obsolete
just below the lower angulation, but form node-like prominences on them;
base of the last volution strongly and rapidly contracted from the lower
angulation, forming a short anterior prolongation or beak; the columella
formerly quite slender, judging from the small perforation remaining in
the cast, and destitute of folds or ridges; aperture large, angularly ovate,
oblique and pointed below and strongly angular on the outer side; surface
of the shell, except the vertical folds, unknown.

This species is a very good representative of P. Newberryi M. & H.,
from the upper Missouri Cretaceous,’ but differs specifically im its general
form, being proportionally longer above and shorter below the point of
greatest diameter, and also in the biangular character of the periphery.
This biangular character of the volutions exists to a greater or less degree
on all the whorls, but is concealed somewhat on the upper ones by the suc-
ceeding volution extending to the lower angulation, thereby rendering it a
little obscure. The snell is so very distinet in form from any other in the
New Jersey beds that it is not necessary to institute comparisons with them.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls of the Cretaceous at
Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College and
at Columbia College, New York City.

Genus NEPTUNELLA Meek.
NEPTUNELLA MULLICAENSIS, n. sp.
Plate Iv, Figs. 20, 21.

Shell rather above a medium size for the genus, short-fusiform in outline,
the spire forming about one-half the length of the entire shell; volutions from
four to five in number, compactly ventricose in the cast, most ventricose
above the middle, and somewhat abrubtly wedge-formed below; sutures dis-
tinct; columella strong; as shown by the cast, leaving a large cavity, but desti-

tute of plaits or folds as far as can be determined; aperture narrow and

‘U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal. p. 346, Pl. xxx1, Figs. 6a and Ge.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 57

elongated, pointed above and below, not exceeding one-half the length of the.
entire shell; extension of the beak unknown, but apparently short; surface
of the volutions marked on the east by remains of closely arranged, not
very strong, flexuose, vertical lines or folds, which have been directed
strongly forward in crossing the volution from above, and become obsolete
before reaching the middle of the volution on the cast, not visible in any
degree on the body whorl; the body volution also preserving distinct evi-
dences of moderately strong, revolving lines, which on the specimens used
for description are a little more than a sixteenth of an inch distant on the
central portions, where they are parallel to the suture line above, while
those below the middle diverge more,rapidly and are more oblique.

This shell is so entirely distinct from any other noticed from the New
Jersey beds that there is scarcely a possibility of mistaking it. It differs
also in proportions and form from any of those described by Meek and
Hayden from the upper Missouri region so decidedly as not to be readily
confounded with them. There are remains of a very closely allied form
from Alabama, but, so far as I am aware, it is undescribed. ‘There is less
angularity of the volutions than is common among the representatives of this
section of the group already described, and it apparently had a shorter
beak than is common among them. Still, I see no reason for considering it
as generically distinct from the group Neptunella as defined by Mr. Meek,
so far as can be determined from the internal casts only, unless it be in the
length of the spire being fully as great as that of the aperture, which I can
hardly think ought to be a generic feature, although Mr. Meek gives it so
in his generic diagnosis.

Formation and locality: From the ferruginous layers of the lower Marls,
at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. One of the specimens is from the collection of
the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and the other from that at Rutgers College.

58 "PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Family TRITONID.

Genus TRITON Montfort.
TRITON (EPIDROMUS) PRACEDENS, 0. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 6, 7.

Shell small and moderately slender, spire elevated, longer than, or
about equal to, the length of the body volution and anterior beak, as
viewed from the back of the shell; apical angle of the spire between 30°
and 35°; volutions quite ventricose, with strongly marked sutures; prin-
cipal varices occurring at about every two-thirds of a volution, but with
secondary varices between, visible on the casts but not definitely enough
to give a positive idea of their exact number, yet apparently three on
the body volution; each of the principal varices marked by about seven
well defined depressions on the back, indicating that number of spiral
ridges on the shell and protuberances on the inner margin of the lip; aper-
ture of medium size, semi-lunate, the outer lip only moderately expanded,
columella slender, and anterior beak of moderate length; number of volu-
tions not definitely ascertained, as the specimens are imperfect.

The species appears to have been a true Epidromus, and had a
length of a little more than 14 inches. The varices are quite strongly and
distinctly marked, leaving no doubt of its generic relations. It is the only
species of the type yet discovered in the Cretaceous of New Jersey, and on
that account, as well as being one of the earliest of its kind to appear in
the geological record, is quite interesting. Of course, like all the New
Jersey Cretaceous Gasteropoda, it is represented only by internal casts’
and is imperfect in many of its features, the upper volutions being invari-
ably absent, with more or less of the anterior beak and canal; still, their
features are sufliciently preserved to serve all purposes of identification.

Formation and locality: In the dark green layers of the Lower Green
Marls at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collected for the State Survey by Dr
N. L. Britton.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 59

Genus TRACHYTRITON Meek.
TRACHYTRITON ATLANTICUM, 0. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 8-11.

Shell small, the casts seldom reaching a length of more than an inch
and a quarter; spire with an apical angle of about 40° to 45°; volutions
four and a half to five in number, rather convex and moderately distinct,
the sutures in the cast being distinct and the spaces left by the removal of
the shell quite considerable; last volution large, forming more than half the
entire length, and being as long below the point of greatest diameter as the
length of the spire above, giving an equally biconical or fusiform feature
to the cast, with a moderately long and somewhat curved beak and canal;
aperture large, pointed above and slightly extended below; narrow-elliptical

in outline, with the outer margin rather more convex than the inner one; lip
of the outer volution apparently slightly deflected; the surface of the volu-
tions have been marked by revolving lines, at least in the lower part, as is
shown by their remains on the surfaces between the volutions of the cast;
and by proportionally strong, vertical folds, three of which in each volution
have been stronger than the one or two intermediate ones, and have left
their deeper impression both on the surface of the cast and on the imprint
of the exterior, as seen between the whorls.

The species is rather an abundant one at the one locality, and closely
resembles, in the conditions of internal casts, those of Rostellaria curta,
herein described, and with which it is associated; but it may be distinguished
readily enough by a comparison of the prolongation of the anterior beak
and the size of the cavity left by its removal, it being much longer, more
slender, slightly twisted, and the cavity altogether smaller than in that one.
The spire is also more slender, and the body volution does not contract so
rapidly below the point of greatest diameter as in that species.

Formation and locality: In the blackish green layers of the Lower Green
Marls at Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey. In the col-
lection at Rutgers College.

60 ‘PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TRACHYTRITON ? HOLMDELENSE, 0. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 16, 17.

Shell of medium size; spire moderately elevated, having an apical
angle of 50° or over; is composed of about five very rotund volutions, and
forms fully two-thirds of the entire length of the cast when viewed from the
back of the specimen; below the point of greatest diameter the cast is short
and the beak only slightly extended beyond the general rotundity of the
body volution; suture lines between the volutions in the cast clear, distinct,
and deep; aperture rather broadly elliptical; rounded above; slightly
pointed below and straightened on the inner side below the middle of its
height; columella moderately strong and smooth; surface of the cast marked
by vertical folds, thirteen or fourteen to the volution; these folds distinetly
bend backward in the middle in crossing the whorl, and are again directed
forward below, forming a broad sinuosity in crossing the whorl; no evidence |
of revolving lines discernible on any of the specimens.

This species may not properly belong to the genus Trachytriton. It is
shorter below the point of greatest diameter of the body volution than
any speciés of that genus with which I am acquainted, and the varices have
not quite the character required, as they are all of similar form and size,
and more sinuate than they ought to be under the genus. The beak has
been short and there is no evidence of spiral lines or ridges. It has a more
obtuse spire than any of the other New Jersey species of this genus, with
rounder volution and deeper sutures. It has much the appearance of Cryp-
torhytes flevicostata M. & H.,‘ but the beak has been even shorter than in that
one, and the shell less slender, while the columella affords no evidence what-
ever of any folds or plica of any kind. Its generic relations are quite uncer-
tain, and I shall leave it under Trachytriton provisionally.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl Beds at Holmdel, New
Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

1U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal., p. 367, Pl. x1x, Fig. 2.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 61

TRACHYTRITON ? MULTIVARICOSUM, 0. Sp.
Plate v, Figs. 12, 13.

Shell of medium size and rather ventricose, with an elevated spire,
which is composed of rounded and ventricose volutions, and has an apical
angle of about 50°; volutions four and a half or five in the cast, the
number not definitely known, the specimens being imperfect at the apex;
sutures very distinct and marked; body volution proportionally large
and full, especially in the upper part, and slightly extended below; the
beak rather long, slightly twisted, and provided with a rather large canal;
aperture large, elongate-elliptical, acute above and extended below, the
length about three times the width; columella, as shown by the cavity left
by its removal, rather strong and perfectly smooth; surface of the cast show-
ing remains of numerous closely arranged, vertical folds marking the upper
portion of the volutions, but becoming indistinet on the outer half of the
Jast one; three of these on each volution slightly stronger than the others;
also, marked by spiral lines or ridges, which have left deep grooves on the
inner surface of the volutions of the cast, and also mark the outer half of
the body whorl, becoming quite distinct on the margin of the lip, indicat-
ing crenulations or denticulations on its inner surface.

This species differs from 7. Atlanticum, herein described, in its more
robust form, rounder volutions, and more numerous vertical folds, and the
anterior beak and canal seems to have been longer and more slender, and
also somewhat twisted. In its general appearance it more nearly approached
T. vinculum Hall and Meek! (sp.), from the western Cretaceous, but the
spire has been shorter, and the lower part of the body volution contracts
more abruptly.

Formation and locality: In the blackish layers of the Lower Green

Marls at Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

‘Hall and Meek, Mem, Am. Acad, Arts and Sei., vol. 5, n. s,

62 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

FUSID&.

Genus FUSUS Lam.
Fusus ? HOLMDELENSIS, n. sp.
Plate vi, Figs. 10, 11.

Shell of moderate size, about 14 inches in length; spire short, less than
one-third as long as the body volution and beak; volutions four or more,
the upper ones rather small and the body volution proportionally large,
ventricose in the middle and extended in front in a moderately long, slightly
twisted canal; aperture large, more than half the entire length of the shell;
the outer lip broadly and strongly sinuate in the upper part and somewhat
extended forward below; columella slender, twisted; surface of the volu-
tions marked by rather strong, prominent, vertical folds, which are most
distinct on the body of the lower whorl, but become obsolete below, and
on the upper whorls are extended from suture to suture, ten of these folds
being visible on the large volution; strong lines of growth also cross the
shell parallel to the border of the aperture; closely arranged, elevated spiral
lines cover the entire shell, and are finest and most numerous on the upper
part, more distant below the middle, and strongly marked on the anterior
beak, where they are very oblique; the spaces between the lines apparently
flat.

This species is apparently a true Fusus, and is the only one I have
noticed in the Cretaceous green sands of the State. In the condition of an
internal cast it would present somewhat the appearance of a specimen of
Volutomorpha bella, but would have a rather shorter spire and ventricose
volutions, and might be somewhat difficult to distinguish, but on the speci-
men figured, on which the shell substance is largely preserved, there is no
evidence of columella plications, which I think would be readily distin-
guished had they existed. The surface markings are also different. I
know of no other shell in the formation with which it would be readily
confounded.

Formation and locality: In the coarse, green marls of the Lower Green
Sands at Holmdel, New Jersey. In the collection of Prof. Reiley.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 63

Genus SERRIFUSUS Meek.
SERRIFUSUS ? CROSSWICKENSIS, n. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 24, 25.

Shell small or of medium size, biturbinate in form, shorter below than
above the middle, exclusive of the beak, the extension of which is unknown,
‘asts only having been observed; spire broadly conical, the apical angle
measuring about 55°; volutions about four and a half or five on the inter-
nal cast; angularly ventricose, vertical or concave on the periphery, the
latter character particularly a feature of the body volution; upper side
of the volutions obliquely sloping, the slope being somewhat greater than
the angle of the spire, so as to reveal the vertical portion of each volution;
lower side rounded; aperture nearly as broad as high, as seen in a transverse
section, the outer lip slightly biangular, corresponding to the narrow vertical
band of the periphery; columella strong, indicating a rather robust beak;
surface features unknown.

This species differs from S. nodocarinatus, herein described, in having a
less elevated and broader spire; in having a vertical peripheral band, and
in being destitute of the transverse nodes on the peripheral carina, so far as
can be seen on the cast. There is a slight indication of a single spiral ridge
a short distance below the central band, but it is hardly definite enough on
the cast to be given as » positive feature, and it is also possible there may
have been nodes on the carinations formed by the band, but there are no
indications of such a feature remaining. Were it not for the very evident
rostral beak, although probably very short, there might be reasons for con-
sidering the casts those of a species of Plewrotomaria, but the existence of
this feature would entirely remove it from that group of shells, although
many of the Palzeozoic forms referred to that genus present a short, straight
columella; but here there has been, I think, without question, a true rostral
beak and canal.

Formation and locality: In the blackish marls at the base of the Lower
Green Sands at Crosswicks, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

64 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

SERRIFUSUS (LIROFUSUS) NODOCARINATUS, N. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 22, 23.

Shell of medium size, abruptly fusiform in general outline; spire
broad conical, the height from the broadest part of the body volution being
somewhat less than the diameter at its periphery; beak short, slender; volu-
tions three or four (the specimen being imperfect), somewhat bicarinate in
the middle where there is a nearly vertical, obliquely flattened area or band,
above which the surface slopes rapidly to the suture and is very slightly
concave; below this point the volution contracts very abruptly to the
short, slender canal, leaving the body volution somewhat compressed-
discoidal or wheel-like in form, which in the specimen is possibly exag-
gerated by vertical crushing; periphery of the volutions marked by rather
strong, transverse node-like vertical folds, which are also continued in less
strength above and below, and the entire surface is oceupied by spiral
ridges of considerable strength, but which alternate in size on the lower
part of the volution; four or five of these revolving ridges occupy the
upper side; about three mark the vertical space of the periphery, and
seven or more may be counted on the lower side of the body volution,
in the poorly preserved specimen used; aperture not seen.

This is the only shell of this type which I have seen from the Creta-
ceous of New Jersey. I do not think it will prove an abundant form, as I
have seen but one other fragment of a cast which I could identify with it.
The type of shell is more abundant in the Kocene at the south, in Ala-
bama and Texas, where there are a number of species known. It will be
readily distinguished from any other Cretaceous shell hitherto deseribed,
and from any of the Eocene forms, by the abruptly vertically compressed
or wheel-like character of the body volution.

Formation and locality: In soft and very friable, coarsely grained, green
marl of the Lower Bed, at Marlborough, New Jersey, in collections made

by Dr. Reiley.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS., 65

FASCIOLARIID.
ODONTOFUSUS, new genus.

Shell univalve, fusiform, resembling Fusus or Fasciolaria in general
appearance; spire elevated, with vertically plicated whorls; anterior extrem-
ity prolonged into a straight canal of greater or less extent; columella
marked near or above the middle by a single oblique fold; surface probably
lirated, although no evidence of such a feature remains on the casts.
Types 0. (Fasciolaria ) Slacki Gabb and O. typicus Whitt.

I am compelled to propose a new generic name for a group of species
possessing the above characters, although reluctant to do so on internal
casts. The specimens closely resemble specimens of Fusus or Fasciolaria
in their elongated fusiform character and prominent volutions, which have
been strongly marked by vertical folds; but they differ from either in the
characters of the columellar ridge or fold. From Fusus they differ in its
presence and in the straight beak, and from the other in having only a
single ridge, which is placed much higher on the columella. Mr. Gabb
noticed the ridge on the columella in his original description of F. Slacki,
and in some later remarks' he suggests its relation to Piestoehilus Meek.
Mr. Meek’s genus usually possesses more than one fold, but differs very
materially in the characters of the spire and the more elongated anterior
beak. In fact, Piestochilus more closely resembles Mitra than Fasciolaria.
The shells referred to Borsonia and Cordieria also somewhat resemble
these, but possess a distinct sinus in the lip like Plewrotoma and are shorter
in front as well as having denticulations on the inside of the outer lip,
features which these shells have not possessed. It is somewhat uncertain
whether there have been spiral striz on the shell; no evidence of such
feature being present on any of the many casts examined. In general
features the genus resembles somewhat Cordiera A. Rouault, but there is no
evidence of a sinus or slit in the lip allying it to Plewrotoma, as in that one,
Cordiera is from the Eocene in Europe.

' Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 282,
MON XVIII——5

66 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ODONTOFUSUS SLACKI.
Plate vi, Figs. 8, 9.

Fasciolaria Slackit Gabb: Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 322; 1876, p.
282; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J., Newark,
1868, p. 730.

? Piestochilus Slackti Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 282.

? Voluta sp 2 Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 45, Pl. 1, Fig. 20.

Shell, as shown by internal casts, slender, fusiform, nearly of equal
length above and below the point of greatest diameter of the body whorl,
spire slender, apical angle about 35° to 40°; volutions five or six (none
of the specimens are perfect to the apex); angular in the middle and
slightly convex above and below, the last one increasing more rapidly
than those above; sutures distinct and deep; anterior end prolonged
into a straight, moderately slender canal; columella strong, marked by a
single oblique, well defined ridge or fold at about the middle or above the
middle of its length; aperture pyriform, largest above and angular at the
middle of the outer lip corresponding to the angulation of the body whorl;
volutions marked by distant, angular, vertical folds or ridges, seven to nine
of which may be counted on a single volution; these folds are indicated
very strongly on the center of the volution in the cast, but not visible to
any great extent much above or below; no positive indications of spiral
lines have been seen on any of the casts.

Formation and locality: In the blackish layers of the Lower Green
Marls at Crosswicks Creek, N. J. In the collection at Rutgers College.

ODONTOFUSUS TYPICUS, n. sp.
Plate vi, Figs. 1-5.

Shell when of full size about 2 inches long in the extreme, so far as
yet known; spire elevated, forming about one-half of the entire length
of the shell, which contains about four and one-half to five volutions in
the condition of internal cast; volutions angular, rather strongly so in the
principal one, forming an angulated periphery which is crossed by ten

5 5 \

or twelve prominent, vertical ridges, which generally show as transverse

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 67

nodes on the periphery and only extend a short distance above or below,
apparently never reaching to the suture line; lower portion of the body
volution extended so as to form a rather slender anterior beak, about equal-
ing in length the vertical diameter of the body volution, as seen from the
dorsal side; aperture moderately large, angular at the middle of the outer
lip and extended below in a narrow canal; columella marked by a single,
rather strong, oblique fold, situated near the middle of the aperture pr yper;
very faint indications of spiral striae may be imagined on the cast, but
ean scarcely be said to exist.

This species differs from all the others in its angular volutions, and in
the character of the vertical node-like folds.

Formatior. and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, near
New Egypt, and at Cream Ridge, New Jersey. From the collections at
Rutgers College.

ODONTOFUSUS MEDIANS, 0. sp.
Plate v, Figs. 18-21.

Shell as known from casts, slender, turreted, with ventricose volutions,
which are most convex above the middle of the exposed part; body whorl
rapidly contracted below and extended into a slender, straight canal; spire
slender, longer than the shell below when viewed from the back; apical
angle 35° to 40°; volutions five in number, with strongly marked suture
lines; columella slender, marked by a single, sharply defined, oblique pli-
cation near or perhaps below the middle of its length; aperture obliquely
pytiform,' broadest above the middle and narrowed below, equal to or
longer than one half the length of the entire shell; volutions marked by a
moderate number of vertical folds which extend from suture to suture on
the whorls, and on the body volution can be traced nearly to the axis of the
shell and are directed slightly forward in their passage from above dewn-
ward. No evidence of spiral lines on the surface can be seen.

This species is intermediate between the other two species herein de-
scribed, in its apical angle, in the ventricosity of the volutions, and in the
number of vertical folds crossing the volutions. The last volution does not

increase any more rapidly than those above, in which feature it agrees with

.

68 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

O. rostellaroides, but differs from O. typicus, and in the comparative strength
of the columella it differs from either in being more slender. The species
is very marked and distinct from either of them and is readily recognized.

On one of the examples there appears to be a very faint indication of a second

plication on the columella a short distance above the generic one, which may

or may not be real. But if a natural feature, the space between them is
entirely flat. Other specimens show no evidence whatever of this second
plication. The vertical folds crossing the volutions are also much stronger
on the one having the second ridge, and it may possibly indicate a distinct
species.

Formation and locality: In the lower layers of the Lower Green Marls
at Walnford, New Jersey; at Mr. Bruer’s pits, and at Upper Freehold,
New Jersey.

ODONTOFUSUS ROSTELLAROIDES, 0. sp.
Plate vi, Figs. 6, 7.

Shell slender, spire attenuate, longer than the shell below the largest
part of the body volution; apical angle about 30°; volutions five or six,
gently convex, without perceptible angle; sutures very distinct; aperture
prolonged in front into a moderately long, straight canal; columellar fold
sharp, situated about midway of the length of the canal; volutions marked
by numerous vertical folds which cross them almost in a line parallel to the
axis of the shell, and although low and rounded, extend from suture to
suture on the upper ones, and are visible considerably below the point of
greatest diameter of the body volution; surface shell structure unknown.

The shell, as shown by the casts, presents much the appearance of a
slender form of Anchura in its upper whorls, but in the body volution loses
this resemblance by wanting the angularity and in its increased size toward
the aperture; also in its straight beak and columella, and solitary fold. It
differs from O. typicus, herein described, in the more slender form, gently
convex instead of angular volutions, and in the more numerous and less
prominent vertical folds of the exterior surface.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New
Jersey. In Prof. Reiley’s collection.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 69

NOTES ON THE GENUS PIESTOCHILUS MEEK AND VOLUTOMORPHA GABB.

In the report of the U.S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr., Vol. 1x, Invert. Pal.,
p- 356, Mr. Meek describes the genus Piestochilus as a division of the
Fasciolariide. Wis description is as follows:

Shells of small size, with spire and canal produced; volutions flattened or
moderately convex and finally spirally striated, sometimes with vertical folds;
plait or plaits of columella mot exposed in a direct view into the aperture, very
oblique, and occupying a higher position than in either of the foregoing; [ Fascio-
laria Lamarck and Terebrispira Conrad] outer lip smooth within.

As the type he gives Fusus Scarboroughi M. & H. This shell is a
medium sized, rather slender, fusiform species, almost equally long above
and below the point of greatest diameter, which is at the swell of the body
volution; the canal is rather short and straight, and the columella is provided
with two distinct, although small, very oblique folds. In examining the
shell few persons would fail to recognize at once its very close relations to
Fasciolaria Lamark, especially to such species as those forming the group
containing Lamark’s type, /. tulipa; the principal differences being in the
more slender form and comparatively straight canal, which is not so abruptly
contracted at the base of the outer volution. They also somewhat resemble
a group of Mitras, such as M. scrobicularia Broochi, and more distantly 1.
granatina Lam., a living species, though differing in the form of the aper-
ture and in the character of the columellar folds.

During the year in which the above-named work was published
(1867), Mr. W. M. Gabb described and published' his genus Volutomorpha,
founding it upon Volutilithes Conradii Gabb, described and figured in the
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei, Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 300, Pl. xivin, Fig. 10.
This genus as typified by that species is quite distinct generically from
Piestochilus. 'The generic description originally given is:

Shell elongate, fusiform ; whorls cancellated by longitudinal and revolving
ribs ; columella with one very oblique fold, and sometimes one or more smaller
secondary folds. In shape this genus is not unlike the two preceding genera [ Vol-
utoderma Gabb, and Fulgoraria Schum], but it differs from them all in having

essentially a single large oblique fold. When more than one occurs, the secondary
folds are smaller than the large primary.

1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 290.

70 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

On page 293 of the same article the author includes under this genus
his Volutilithes bella and V. mucronata with several others. In the synopsis of
the Volutide which Mr. Gabb gives in this same article he places these
under that family without question. The two species just mentioned, bella
and mucronata, so far as I am able to determine, are precisely the same
generically as the typical species of Piestochilus Meek, and are certainly
more nearly related to the Fasciolariide than to the Votutide, even if the
type of Volutoderma, V. Conradi, should be considered as related to the

latter family; which, from its narrow elongated canal and nearly vertical

columellar folds, I should be inclined to dispute. There is certainly no

feature possessed by these two species that could be considered as incom-
patible with those of Meek’s genus; although we do not know their surface
characters. But we have no evidence of the strong vertical or revolving
folds and ridges which apparently characterize Volutomorpha Conradi. Lam,
however, inclined to retain both genera under the family Fasciolariide, and
shall place these two, and other allied species under Piestochilus, retaining
the V. Conradi tor Gabb’s generic division; the principal points of difference
between them being in the shorter spire and longer beak of Volutomorpha,
with its strong surface markings and the more equally fusiform body and
proportionally shorter canal of Piestochilus, with its probable striated sur-
face and more subdued vertical folds. Mr. Tryon, in his Structural and
Systematic Conchology, vol. 2, p. 129, cites Piestochilus as a synonym of
Clavella Swainson, and states that Meek suspected that it belonged to that
genus. I can not find anywhere that Mr. Meek suspected it as belonging to
Clavella. He did at one time place some of the species under Clavellites
Swainson. In the U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, Invert. Pal., almost the
last thing Mr. Meek wrote, he places the genus under the Fasciolariid@, to
which it undoubtedly belongs.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. yg!

Genus VOLUTOMORPHA Gabb.
VOLUTOMORPHA CONRADI.
Plate vi, Fig. 21; Plate vi, Figs. 1-3 and 4, 5?.

Rostellites Conradi (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Fulguraria Conradi Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 364.

Volutilithes Conradi Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, p. 300, Pl. xivimt,

Fig. 10; Synopsis, p. 93. :
Volutomorpha Conradi Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, pp. 290, 293 ;

Struct. and Syst. Conch., Tryon, vol. 2, p. 166.

Shell large, some specimens apparently attaining a length of 4$ inches,
with a diameter of the largest volution of rather more than 14 inches; spire
short, or only moderately elevated, although the general form of the shell
is somewhat slender, the body volution, as viewed on the the apertural side,
forms fully four-fifths of the entire length, even in the condition of internal
casts; upper volutions compact, convex on the sides, and rather squarish or
suddenly rounded to the suture on the top; body volution very large and
very gracefully swollen or convex in the upper part, and prolonged and
attenuated below, forming a long, gracefully tapered anterior beak with the
columella slightly twisted; top of the volution rather suddenly contracted
to the suture; aperture large, very elongate-elliptical in outline and pro-
longed below, where it becomes narrowed as the outer lip approaches the
axis; columella slightly twisted and marked by from one to three very
oblique folds, the middle one of which is usually the strongest; surface of
the casts usually smooth, with the exception of, in some cases only, a few
distant vertical folds on the upper ones, and on the extreme upper part of
the body volution; but where the external features are preserved, the
whole shell is marked by strong, rounded, vertical folds, and but little less
strongly marked, rounded, spiral ridges; the spiral ridges moderately dis-
tant on the upper part of the volution, but becoming less strongly marked
and crowded, and finally almost obsolete, toward the base.

I have before me a large number of the internal casts of this species,
mostly imperfect; the original of Mr. Gabb’s figure and description being

72 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the most perfect one. The external features of the shell are not preserved
on any of the casts in full strength, but on the inside of the outer volutions,
where the inner one has left its imprint, they are shown in full strength,
and are quite strongly marked, both by spiral and by vertical ridges, which
become node-like at their intersection. The species is quite variable, and
it is rather difficult, among the imperfect material, to draw a line of divis-
ion between it and V. ponderosa herein described. It, however, has much
shorter and more compact upper volutions, which are more ventricose accord-
ing to their height, and the beak has also been much longer and more slen-
der. These features will, I think, serve to distinguish them.

Formation and locality: It is known only from the Lower Greensand
Marls. Mr. Gabb’s type was from Crosswicks, New Jersey. They are
also known from Mullica Hill, Freehold, Holmdel, and the Neversink Hills,
New Jersey.

VOLUTOMORPHA PONDEROSA, N. sp.

Plate vi, Figs. 5, 6, and Plate rx, Figs. 13-15.

Shell large and moderately ventricose, attaining a length of 7 or more
inches, with a transverse diameter of nearly or quite 24 inches; spire mod-
erately elevated, with depressed convex whorls; volutions five or more, the
last one forming nearly or quite three-fifths of the entire length, gently con-
vex throughout the upper three-fourths of its length and slightly narrowed
and extended in front; aperture long elliptical, acute above and narrowed in
front; sutures between volutions only moderate; surface, as seen on casts,
usually smooth, but sometimes showing both vertical and spiral ridges, while
on the surfaces between the volutions of the casts very distinct vertical and
spiral ridges appear. On one of the larger individuals the columellar lip
appears to have been considerably thickened, and to have been but very
faintly marked by a single fold, very obliquely placed; while on the upper
portion of its surface the ridges of the preceding volution have left their
imprint, appearing as nearly horizontal folds, though in reality being the
effect of external markings. The single very oblique fold is placed very
near the base of the columella, and on some specimens appears only as an
angulation of the columella.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MAKLS. 73

This is probably the largest Gasteropod of the Cretaceous formation
within the State. It very closely resembles V. Conradi Gabb, but is much
larger in its extreme. The volutions of the spire are proportionally much
longer and by far less ventricose, and none of them are shouldered at the
top as in that species. The beak is also less extended and stronger, while
the vertical folds appear to have been more closely arranged.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Cream Ridge,
Holmdel, Freehold, Neversink, and Eastern Monmouth, New Jersey. Col-
lection of Rutgers College.

VOLUTOMORPHA GABBI, nh. sp.
Plate vir, Fig. 6, and Plate vim, Figs. 1-4.

Shell of moderate size, attaining a length of about 34 inches in the
largest specimens observed. Form robust, with a short conical spire, in
which may be counted about three volutions above the last one; body
volution forming about three-fourths of the entire length, ventricose above
and tapering below, with a rather graceful swell near the middle of its
length, and rather abruptly narrowed above to the suture, forming an angu-
lation at the top; surface marked by coarse, moderately distinct, vertical
folds, which are strongest near the angulation at the top of the volution,
and become faint or even obsolete near the lower end; also by more closely
arranged spiral lines which present a somewhat nodose appearance at their
junctions with the vertical folds. The columella, as shown on an internal
cast, has been very thick and strong,‘and provided with a single strong
oblique fold near the middle of its length. Aperture rather wide and more
than half as long as the shell.

This species has many features in common with V. Conradi Gabb, but
is proportionally shorter and more robust, with a shorter spire and more
distant vertical folds, while the body volution is much larger above in pro-
portion to its length and very much more angular.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls at Holmdel, New Jersey,
where the external features are preserved in the marls, and as internal casts
in a coarse, pebbly sand marl, quite ferruginous in character, at Mullica,
New Jersey. The latter specimen is in the cabinet of the Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., and the former at Rutgers College.

74 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTOCHILUS) BELLA.
Plate vi, Figs. 15-18.
Volutilithes bella Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 300, Pl. xevimt,
Fig. 7; Synopsis, p. 93.
Rostellites bella (Gabb), Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J.,
Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Fulguraria bella Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 364.
Volutomorpha bella Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 293.

Shell, as shown by the cast, elongate, fusiform, and slender, with mod-
erately full-volutions and distinct suture lines; spire short, the body volu-
tion as viewed from the front forming from three-fourths to four-fifths of
the entire length, and the narrow, anteriorly prolonged aperture more than
one-half of the length; volutions four or more in number, the last one
most ventricose above the middle of its length and narrowed and prolonged
below; columella showing two strong oblique folds at about the middle of
the aperture; surface unknown.

This species is the most slender form of the genus, except V. mucronata
Gabb, and may be readily distinguished from that one by the greater
length of the spire and proportionally shorter aperture of that species. I
have not been able to identify any other specimen of this species than the
type specimen. It is certainly a species distinct from any other described,
and must be a comparatively rare form.

Formation and locality: The specimen is composed of a hard black
marl resembling that from the Lower Marl Beds in many places in Mon-
mouth County, New Jersey, and is said under the original description to
have come from the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal. On the label accom-
panying the specimen, written by Mr. Gabb, is marked “Cret. N. J.”

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 75

VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTOCHILUS) MUCKONATA.
Plate vi, Figs. 12-14.
Voluta mucronata Gabb: Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 323; Meek, Check
List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21.
Volutilithes mucronata (Gabb) Meek: Geol., N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.
Volutilithes nasuta (Gabb) Meek, loc. cit., not of Gabb.
Volutomorpha mucronata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 293.

Shell, as exhibited in the casts, slender, with an elevated and slender
spire and prolonged rostral beak, giving an elongate, fusiform outline;
volutions five or more, moderately convex and with strongly marked suture
lines; body volution, as seen from the front, forming considerably more
than half of the length of the entire shell, and the aperture two-thirds as
long as the body volution; elliptical in outline, angular above and_pro-
longed below; columella slender, marked by two very oblique folds, which
are situated somewhat below the middle of its length, the lower being
much the stronger of the two; surface features unknown. There is the
slightest evidence on two individuals’ of distant longitudinal folds on the
second volution, but not sufficiently distinct to give grounds for a positive
assertion that such characters existed.

This species can be confounded only with V. bella, and not very easily
with that one, when the proportions of parts are taken into consideration.
In that one the aperture will form fully or more than one-half of the
leneth of the shell, while on this one it will not exceed one-third, and
together with the half of the body volution above it, as seen in front, forms
only about the same proportion of the whole as the aperture does in that
species. The volutions are also less compact, and the general form more
slenderly fusiform, so there is but little danger of any confusion in regard
to the two species. In general form these shells would seem to be more
properly related to the Mitras than to the Volutes, but on all specimens
on which I have found the impressions of the columellar folds the lower or
anterior one has been the largest, while in the Mitride the reverse should
be the case.

Formation and locality: Ina very dark colored bed of marl belonging
to the lower layers, at Freehold, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers Col-

lege, New Jersey.

76 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTSCHILUS) KANEI.
Plate vi, Figs. 19,20.

Voluta Kanei Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 323; Meek, Check List
Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21. :

Voluta ? Kanei (Gabb) Meek: Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 730. ‘

Volutomorpha Kanei Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 293.

Shell small, short elliptical in outline, with a short pointed spire and
proportionally long body volution; volutions probably about four, ventri-
cose, largest above the middle and attenuate below; aperture large, elongate
elliptical, widest above the middle and narrow below. Columella moder-
ately strong, marked by two distinct and distant plications below the middle
of the aperture; surface of the shell so far as can be seen on the inside of
the cast of the outer volution in one of the type specimens, marked by a
few spiral-ridges and by distant vertical plications or folds, but which are
not transmitted to the internal cast in any of the individuals seen.

This shell has been of the type of V. bella Gabb, which it very much
resembles, but is proportionally shorter and has a larger body volution. The
casts may be very readily mistaken for those of Trachytriton atlanticus herein
described, but can be distinguished by the expansion of the outer volution
near the aperture, and by the lip extending backward upon the next volution
in that one, which this never does, and also by the existence in this of the
columellar folds, where the condition of preservation is such as to reveal
them. Of the three specimens marked as types in Mr. Gabb’s collection,
one has a rather larger body volution than the others, and does not show
the columellar folds, while the columella itself is very slender, so that I am
somewhat in doubt of its specific identity with the others.

Formation and locality: In the blackish layers of the Lower Green
Marls in New Jersey. Mr. Gabb does not mention the locality of this
species, but from the character of the casts I think probably they came trom
Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 77

BUCCINIDZ.
Genus ERIPACHYA Gabb.
ERIPACHYA ? PALUDINAFORMIS, 2. sp.
Plate m1, Figs. 16, 17.

Shell, as recognized by casts only, biturbinate or ovate, almost equally
conical above and below the point of greatest diameter when looking on the
back of the shell, the diameter of the largest volution equaling about three-
fifths of the entire length; apical angle of the spire about 60°; volutions
round ventricose, with strongly marked sutures in the east, about four or
perhaps five when perfect, the last one forming the great bulk of the shell as
seen in a front view; aperture large, elliptical in form, acute above and nar-
row below, fully equaling one-half the length of the shell; columella moder-
ately strong, smooth, slightly bent; surface of the volutions marked by
slight vertical folds, visible on the cast in some specimens only, others
appearing perfectly smooth; but where showing they seem to have been
quite numerous, but confined to the upper part of the volution. It is prob-
able there have been spiral lines, but no evidence of them remain.

I see no reason to doubt the generic identity of these casts with the
shells to which Mr. Gabb applied the above generic name, although the
spiral lines are not visible. The shells seem to have been quite thick, judg-
ing from small portions of the substance remaining on some of the
casts, and from the space represented between the volutions of the spire, in
which case the surface striations would scarcely have been preserved if
they had existed. The lack of evidence of this feature in the casts would
be no reason for doubting its existence on the shell. The casts are very
erect in form and much resemble forms of Natica or Paludina, except
that they show a short rostral beak in front with the prolonged aperture,
thereby separating them entirely from those genera, or from forms of Amauwr-
opsis, for which they might otherwise be mistaken. The casts also some-
what resemble those referred to Pyrifusus, and it is possible they should be
classed as such, but the anterior end appears to have differed by being
produced to form a more distinct beak.

78 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: All the specimens of the species yet observed
are from the dark green layers of the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks,
New Jersey, and were collected by Dr. N. L. Britton for the State survey.

Genus EUTHRIA Gray.
EUTHRIA ? FRAGILIS, n. Sp.
Plate 1x, Figs. 11, 12.

Shell small, measuring only about three-fourths of an inch in length;
form short fusiform, the point of greatest diameter beg nearly midway of
the length; spire short, the apical ‘angle, taken from a crushed example,

being about 70°, probably not more than 60° to 65°

in perfect speci-
mens; volutions ventricose, six or seven in number, the last one forming
the great bulk of the shell and with the anterior beak forming about five-
sevenths of the entire length when measured on the back of the volution;
upper volutions compact; sutures strongly marked; anterior beak short,
moderately strong; aperture not seen; substance of the shell very thin and
fragile, marked only by fine lines of growth parallel to the margin of the
aperture, which indicates the existence of a broad and rather marked sinus
in the lip on the upper side of the volution, formed by the extension of the
lip below and on the body of the volution far in advance of the margin at
and just below the suture; on the sarface of the beak the strix gently
inclined backward again.

This species is well marked in its characters as compared with other
New Jersey cretaceous shells, so that there will be no difficulty in recog-
nizing it. Mr. Gabb describes a somewhat similar form from the Ripley
group in Hardeman County, Tennessee, under the name Neptunea impressa,
but the spire is somewhat shorter, and he describes the shell as marked by
impressed spival lines which do not exist on this shell. He furthermore
states that the columellar lip is covered by’ ‘‘a somewhat heavy layer of
enamel.” This one may have possessed such a feature, but the condition
of the specimens will not permit of an examination of that part, but no
such appearance exists so far as can be seen. There may be some question

1 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 390,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 79

as to the true generic relations of the shell. Mr. Gabb describes several
similar forms as species of Neptunea, but none of the more recent fossil
forms which I have examined, nor of those now living, has the broad sinus
in the outer lip seen on this one, nor has any as straight a canal or ante-
rior beak, while most of them are more or less marked by spiral lines. For
these reasons I have preferred to class the present species under Gray’s
genus Huthria, which appears to answer more nearly to its character.

Formation and locality: In the dark-colored, fine, micaceous clays below
the Lower Green Marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Collection Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila.

Genus TRITONIDEA Swainson.
TRITONIDEA OBESA, h. sp.
Plate 1x, Figs. 1-3.

Shell small, short and very ventricose, the entire length being only
about one-sixth greater than the diameter of the last volution, measured
across the aperture; spire low, the apical angle being as great as 80°;
body volution inflated, very rapidly contracted below, forming a short,
twisted canal; columellar lip somewhat thickened; aperture ovate, widest
below the middle, contracted at the base, and somewhat pointed at the
upper angle; volutions three and a half or four in number, and marked by
very distinct vertical folds, which are quite numerous, closely arranged,
but conspicuous only on the swell of the volution, becoming obsolete just
below, where they appear to have been strongly directed forward. There
appear to have been strong, distant, spiral ridges on the body volutions,
numbering not more than seven or eight in all on the larger part of the
body volution as seen on a fragment of shell preserved on one of the
specimens. The specimens do not appear to have much exceeded five-
eighths of an inch in length, and the substance has been very thick.

The species is remarkable for its short, compact, and very ventricose
form, and although not much more than internal casts, I see no reason to
doubt their being properly referable to Tritonidea.

Formation and locality: In the dark green marls of the Lower Bed at
Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

80 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

TURBINELLID.

Genus TURBINELLA Lamarck.
TURBINELLA ? PARVA,
Plate 1x, Figs. 4-6.
Turbinella parva Gabb: Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl 1, Fig. 3;
Synopsis, p. 86; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. Surv.
New Jersey, 1868, p. 730.

Shell, as known from the type specimen, the only individual cast seen,
is quite small, measuring scarcely more than half an inch in height by
about five-eighths of an inch in transverse diameter, but is evidently either
young or only the inner portions of a much larger specimen; form turbi-
nate, rapaform, being largest near the top of the volution and rapidly
attenuated below; spire very low, not flat; volutions not more than three
in the specimen (the inner one and a half of those destroyed), flattened or
nearly so on the upper surface; aperture very large, proportionally higher
than wide and oblique; columella strong, marked by three distinct plica-
tions or folds, the two upper ones a little above the lower third of the
aperture, equal in strength and near together; the other one below, larger
and more distant but not so sharply defined as those above; volutions
marked by sinuous vertical folds of considerable strength, indicated on the
top of the volution, but more strongly marked on the periphery and below,
being strongly bent backward in crossing the largest part of the whorl.

The generic relations of this solitary cast are obscure or rather compli-
cated. It has the general form of a Pyropsis, and the columellar folds of a
Turbinella, while the surface undulations differ from species of either of
those genera. It is very evident to the observer that it is either very young
in growth, or a cast of only the inner portion of a shell, the outer part not
having been filled with sediment before being dissolved and removed by
the action of the water or other agent. However, the surface markings
and columellar folds, together with the form of the volution, will determine
its identity very readily when found, and they certainly characterize it as a
valid species, if not an undescribed genus,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 81

Formation and locality: In a blackish layer of the Lower Green Marls
in Monmouth County, New Jersey, the exact locality not known. Collec-
tion Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

TURBINELLA ? SUBCONICA,
Plate 1x, Figs. 7, 8.
Turbinella subconica Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl. 1, Fig.

6; Synopsis, p. 86; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21.
Turbinella ? subconica (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell rather below a medium size, the cast measuring only about 1
inch in height, with a transverse diameter somewhat less; form turbinate,
with a very low spire, consisting of not more than three volutions in the
only specimen known; volutions ventricose, obconical, scarcely rounded on
the upper margin, but rapidly narrowing below and rounded on the side;
aperture large, almost semilunate, or only very slightly convex on the inner
margin; columella strong, marked by two very distinct plications at the
lower third of the aperture, the lower one being distinctly the stronger of
the two; sutures between the whorls of the cast very large, indicating a
thick, heavy shell; surface as shown on the inside of the body whorl of the
‘ast marked by strong spiral lines or ridges, and by remarkably strong
vertical folds, numbering twelve or thirteen on the last volution, and trans-
mitting their features only very slightly to the internal cast at the point of
greatest diameter, but showing on the inside as above stated for more than
half its depth.

This species has very much the appearance, in its condition as an
internal cast, of a species of Rapa, but the columellar cavity is rather small
for that genus. he plications on the columella, however, about which
there is no shadow of doubt, at once remove it from that group and mark
it as belonging to the Turbinellide. My. Gabb’s figure given in Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., as above cited, is very poor, and much smaller than the
type and only specimen, a figure of which is given full size and enlarged
on our plate.

Formation and locality: In dark ferruginous marls from the Lower
Greensands in Monmouth County, New Jersey. The definite locality not
known. Collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

MON XVIII——6

82 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY,

TURBINELLA ? VERTICALIS, nl. sp.
Plate m1, Figs. 14, 15.

Shell turbinate or subglobose, with a moderately elevated spire, which
has an apical angle of about 90°, and consists of about three and a half
volutions, which increase rather rapidly in size with the increased growth
of the shell, especially the last one, which is also very ventricose in the
upper part, but rapidly contracted below, and produced anteriorly in a
more or less extended beak; aperture elliptical in form, pointed at the
upper angle and prolonged below; columella strong, marked opposite the
middle of the aperture by three slender, almost thread-like, oblique plica-
tions; surface of the volutions, as shown by the casts, marked by strong,
rounded, vertical plications or folds, which become obsolete a little below
the swell of the volution and are also less distinet on the outer half of the
last one; about eleven of the folds may be counted on the outer whorl.

I find this species in collections marked Pyropsis Alabamiensis Gabb;
but on comparison with the type of that species it proves to be a very dis-
tinct form, as may be readily seen by comparison with Mr. Gabb’s figure,"
where it will be seen that that shell has more slender volutions which are
nearly vertical on the sides or periphery, giving to the specimen a very dif-
ferent form from the subglobose or subturbinate form of this one. It has
more the general shape of P. octoliratus and P. septemtiratus of the New
Jersey beds, but differs very materially in having vertical folds instead of
revolving ridges, as in both of those species, and from all in the existence
of the three columellar folds, which entirely removes it from that group
of shells.

‘ Formation and locality: In the marls of the Lower Greensands at Upper
Freehold, and in the brown marls of the same position near Burlington,
New Jersey.

' Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, Pl. xitvu, Fig. 13,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 3

Genus VASUM Bolton.
VASUM CONOIDES, n. sp.
Plate rx, Figs. 9, 10.

Shell rather small, regularly conoidal above and below the point of
greatest diameter, which is at the upper edge of the body volution; spire
longer than the shell below, as seen from the back of the volution; and
very evenly and gradually diminishing; number of volutions unknown but
apparently numerous; apical angle about 35°; aperture elongate, uar-
row, becoming pointed below, the length as given by projecting the spire
of the shell to an imaginary apex is rather less than one-third as long as
the entire length of the shell; columella moderately strong, marked by
three proportionally strong folds and indications of a smaller fourth one
very near the base; surface of the cast perfectly smooth with the excep-
tion of a broad sulcus marking its surface on the last volution, at about
one-third of the distance below the upper edge, indicating either a thick-
ening of the inside of the shell or a sinuosity in the outer lip.

Of course there is no indication on the internal cast of the outside
markings of the shell, but the spire, as shown by the volutions, has been
very much elevated, and nearly twice as high as the last volution on the
front or aperture side of the shell, in which respect the shell would have
differed from the living forms of the genus Vasum. The cast shows that
the upper folds of the columella were much stronger than those below,
which, when taken in connection with the elevated spire, would lead one
to believe it to be related to some forms of Mitra, but the abruptly terminat-
ing upper surface of the volutions indicates a form of suture incompatible
with any of the Mitras, which do not possess a longitudinally plicated sur-
face of a character such as would be transmitted to the cast; it also indicates
a thickness of shell unlike any of those. Considering all these evidences,
I have concluded that, without the exterior of the shell to aid me, I should
be much safer in referring the species to the Turbinellide than to the Mitride.
It also bears considerable resemblance to casts of high spired species of

Strombus, but the plications on the collumella remove it from that group,

84 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

and equally so from any form of Cone. I know of no Cretaceous species
with which it presents close affinities.

Formation and locality: In beds of the Lower Green Marls at Mr. C.
Bruer’s pits, near Walnford, New Jersey.

VOLUTIDA.

Genus VOLUTA Lamarck.
Vo.tuta ? DELAWARENSIS.
Plate x, Figs. 5-7

Voluta Delawarensis Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 322.
Voluta ? Delawarensis (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21.
Volutomorpha Delawarensis Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 290

Shell above a medium size, very ventricose and ponderous in charac-
ter; height of shell and transverse diameter nearly equal, or higher than
wide; spire low conical, the entire shell consisting of about four volutions;
those of the spire convex, and the last one angulated above and truncated
below; round ventricose, or short pyriform on the inner half, but becoming
more and more angulated, and sometimes quite angular above toward the
aperture, with the summit slightly concave; columella twisted, so far as
can be determined from the casts examined; aperture large, subangular ~
above and broad below, with apparently a wide and deep anterior channel;
surface of the volutions marked by strong, distant, node-like elevations on
the upper part, which are extended below in the form of irregular vertical
folds, visible to near the base of the volution.

Mr. Gabb describes the columella as having a single heavy oblique
fold, which I have not seen. The shell, as shown by the casts, is almost a
counterpart of the living Voluta (Cymbiola) Braziliana Solander (— V. Cola-
cynthus Chemn.) from the southern Atlantic coast, except that the upper
volutions are more elevated and ventricose. Mr. Gabb* cites this as a
species of Volutomon ‘pha, but it can not be possible that it is congeneric with

procs a Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 290,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS,. 85

V. Conradi, and its relations are certainly much nearer to V. Braziliana,
which Paetel classes under Cymbiola Swainson.

Formation and locality: This species, so far as yet known, has not been
found within the limits of New Jersey, but as it is found just across the
line, in Delaware, it is probable that it will yet be noticed. Its position
would be in the Lower Marls. The types are in the collection Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila., and are from the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

Genus ROSTELLITES Conrad 1855, and VOLUTOMORPHA Gabb, 1876.

The differences between these two genera, Rostellites and Volutomorpha,
are such that among specimens badly preserved, as are nearly all the Gas-
teropods of the New Jersey Cretaceous, it is almost if not quite impossible
to distinguish, or to draw the line of division between them, even where
the characters can be partially detected. The shells have the same general
form, and the same surface structure pertains to both; while as to the mat-
ter of columellar folds, the only character mentioned as distinctive by Mr.
Gabb under his original generic description, I find perfectly unreliable. It
would also appear that Mr. Gabb himself found this to be the case before
he had finished writing the generic description, as he remarks that it (Volu-
tomorpha) ‘differs from them all [Volutodema and Fulgoraria] in having
essentially a single large oblique fold. When more than one occurs, the
secondary folds are smaller than the large primary.” So it appears
there may be as many as three folds, if only one is larger than the rest,
which is nearly always the case when there are two or more, in all Volutes.
If the single fold is all the difference there is, and there are frequently two
or more, the difference does not seem to be very marked. On the typical
specimens of V. bella and V. mucronata, both of which, Mr. Gabb includes
in his genus, there are two nearly equal folds. The most reliable feature
which I observe among the specimens in hand and in which they differ from
Rostellites Conrad, as exemplified by R. Texana Conrad, is the more unequal
convexity of the volutions in the upper and lower parts, and a very slightly
greater spreading of the anterior canal at the base of the aperture in Ros-
tellites ; but this even is not constant. The surface structure differs only in

degree, the vertical folds being usually more distant and more strongly

86 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

marked in Volutomorpha. The passage from this latter genus into Voluto-
derma Gabb is also so gradual as to be confusing. Taking into account the
above facts, there appears to be only the one reliable feature of the widen-
ing of the aperture and canal in the lower part of Rostellites, while in the
Volutodermas the canal, and consequently the volution, is contracted into a
beak in front. This feature, however, becomes very obscure and confusing
in such forms as V. ponderosa, herein described. (See also observations
under the generic descriptions of Péestochilus).

Genus ROSTELLITES Conrad.
ROSTELLITES NASUTUS.
Plate x1, Figs. 1, 2.

Volutilithes nasuta Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 300, Pl.

Lyi, Fig. 9 ; Synopsis, p. 94.
Rostellites nasuta (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol.

N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730; Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 294.
Fulgoraria nasuta Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 364.
Comp. R. Texana Conrad, Mex. Bound. Sury., vol. 3, p. 128, Pl. xiv, Fig. 2.

Shell of moderately large size, sometimes attaining a length of nearly
or quite 5 inches. Form slender, with a proportionally short, turreted
spire, varying from two-thirds of the length of the body volution in
the casts to not more than one-third in the shell itself; number of volu-
tions uncertain, the type specimen having had about four; body volu-
tion slender, most ventricose near the upper part, marked by numerous
spiral ridges with broader interspaces which have possibly been marked by
smaller ridges between the large ones; the upper lines nearly parallel to
the suture, but below they become more and more oblique, so that the lower
ones become nearly parallel with the columella; aperture comparatively
broad and the lip thin; columella marked by three or four very oblique
folds, situated near the middle of its length; the upper three at equal dis-
tances from each other and the lower one a little more distant from the
next above.

There is considerable difference between the several individuals which
IT find marked with this name, and they undoubtedly represent two or more

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 87

species, probably belonging to different subgenera of the Volutide. If we
are to take the specimen represented by Mr. Gabb’s outline figure,' as the
type, then the strongly lyrated shells found in the Lower Marls at Holmdel
and Freehold, New Jersey, would belong to this species. In this form the
body volution is symmetri sally curved without angulation at the upper part,
or flattening on the median surface, and the aperture conforms on its mar-
gin to the form of the volution, and in the lower part gradually and sym-
metrically approaches the columella. This form I think is typical of the
species. But there are at least two others which it is difficult to separate
from this one. One of these has a differently formed spire, with flattened
volutions and more distinctly marked sutures, the last volution showing
a decided flattening in the median portion; the aperture is effuse and
spreading below, strongly reminding one of the aperture of the living
V. angulata Swainson. <A third form which I find associated with these
is shorter, thicker, and shouldered above, having the largest part of the
volution at its upper margin. It also occurs only at the base of the
Upper Marl Bed. I will, however, here restrict the species to that first
described and consider the others under distinct names. Mr. Gabb in
redescribing’ V. nasuta says that he has seen specimens with five or six
folds on the columella, although it normally has but three. I am inclined
to think that here he has confounded more than one species, as I have
not been able to find specimens having more than four true folds, although
sometimes the spiral ridges of the exterior may have left their imprint
on this part of the shell.

In comparing this form with 2. Texana Con., it seems to me there is
very little if any difference, and I am much inclined to consider them as
the same species, but in the absence of any good specimen of that species
I hesitate to pronounce positively between them.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls at Freehold, Marlborough,
Holmdel, and Crosswicks, New Jersey. Mr. Gabb also cites it from Patula
Creek, Alabama.

‘Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, Pl. xivuu, Fig. 9.
2Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 294.

88 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ROSTELLITES ANGULATUS, n. sp.
Plate x1, Figs. 3, 4.

Shell moderately large and proportionally slender, with an elevated spire,
as shown by the cast, the only condition in which it has been recognized;
body volution forming the great bulk of the shell, and the aperture equaling
more than one-half of the entire length; volutions probably five or more,
flattened on their surfaces with abrupt scalariform sutures; last volution
flattened or obscurely concave below the suture for nearly one-half the
length, and abruptly contracted below, forming an undefined angle a little
above the middle of the length of the volution, and extended below into a
more or less slender columella; aperture narrow and pointed above, broad
and somewhat effuse below; columella marked by four strong oblique folds,
the lower one of which is more distant from the next above than are the
others from each other; surface features unknown.

Somewhat resembles R. nasutus Gabb, but is rather more robust, with
a longer aperture, which is expanded at the base, strongly reminding one of
the aperture of the broad common variety of Volutella angulata Swain, from
the South American coast, which it much resembles in other respects. The
volutions as seen in the casts are also flatter on their outer surfaces and have
a more decided shoulder than on any specimen of R. nasutus which I have
seen.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl Beds of New Jersey. The
figured example, which is the most perfect one observed, was associated in
the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., with specimens of R. nasutus,
R. angulatus, and others, but with no more definite locality than “N. J.,”
so that its locality is not certain.

? ROSTELLITES TEXTURATUS, nN. sp.
Plate x1, Figs. 5, 6.

? Rostellites Texanus (Conrad) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730; not R. Tex-
_anus Conrad.
? Rostellites Texanus (Con.) Gabb : Synopsis, p. 78, and Volutilithes Texanus, p. 94.

Shell rather large, very elongate, elliptical in outline, pointed at each

extremity, spire very short, conical, with scarcely convex volutions, three

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 89

to four in number; body volution large, forming about six-sevenths of the
entire length, very gently convex throughout its entire length, except near
the anterior end, where it becomes very slightly recurved; aperture very
large, but narrow, acute above and below; columellar plaits unknown; sur-
face of the shell marked by spiral ridges and by vertical lines; the former
much the stronger and alternating in size where preserved sufticiently well
to show; the vertical lines cut the spiral ridges so as to break them into
nodes on the outer shell.

This species closely resemble &. Texanus Conrad, but may be distin-
guished by the shorter spire, which, in proportion to the length of the shell,
is not much more than half as high as in that species. — It differs in the same
respect from all the associated species and also in the more slender form
than that of most of them; also in the strength of the markings. The cast
of this species has not been recognized. It would most probably resemble
that of R. angulatus more nearly than any other of the New Jersey forms,
but would differ in the length of the spire and in the more symmetrical
body volution.

This species has usually been included under the Voluta Conradi of
Gabb, by collectors, as also were those herein described under the names
V. ponderosa and V. Gabbana. I had for some time concluded to unite all
but the last-named one as varieties of the one species V. Conradi, but wpon
studying a number of them together the differences appear so great that it
seems unreasonable in a group where the resemblances are so great among
the species as in the Volutide that so great a diversity should be allowed,
and I have concluded to separate under three names what I had originally
classed as one species, and I think they are properly specifically distinct.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, New
Jersey, in Prof. Reiley’s collection; and at Freehold in the Rey. Dr. Schank’s
collection. Cabinet at Rutgers College.

VOLUTODERMA and VOLUTOMORPHA Gabb.

In Mr. W. M. Gabb’s synopsis of the Volutide’ he describes these two
genera, including them among the Volutes. .On another page I have shown
some reasons for believing Volutomorpha more nearly related to Fasciolaria

' Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876.

90 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

and shown its near relations to Piestochilus Meek. There is often some
difficulty in distinguishing between the internal casts of Volutomorpha and
those properly referable to Volutoderma. This latter genus appears to me
to belong properly to the Volutide, as referred by the author, on account
of the form, number, and position of the columellar plaits, and also on
account of the form of the anterior portion of the shell itself. As stated
under the remarks upon Peistochilus and Volutomorpha on p. 70, the shells
of this latter genus are characterized by the narrow anterior canal and
beak, by the very oblique columellar folds, and by the enlarged upper
part of the volutions; while those of Volutoderma are characterized by the
more yeutricose volutions, shorter spire, broader base, and short open canal,
by having usually a larger number of less oblique and generally stronger
columellar folds than in the other genus. The surface markings, so far as
known from New Jersey specimens, are alike in the two genera. In many
cases where imperfect examples of internal casts have to be examined of
forms like Volutomorpha ponderosa, where the nearly equally tapering upper
and lower parts of the specimen occur, with a broad anterior canal and
very ventricose volutions, it is quite difficult to determine satisfactorily to
which genus they belong, unless one can find evidence of the plications,
for in this case the front of the shell has not been prolonged very much,
and consequently seems to form a link between the two genera. On close
inspection, however, it will be seen that the spire is more elongated even
in this species than in any yet authentic form of Volutoderma. The follow-
ing species I have placed under this latter genus.

VOLUTODERMA BIPLICATA.
Plate x; Higs) 1572:
Volutilithes biplicata Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 300,
Pl. xuvil, Fig. 6; Synopsis, p. 93.
Rostellites biplicata Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J.,
Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Volutoderma biplicata.Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 292.

Shell of medium size, robust, pyriform in outline, with a low spire and

very large body volution; whorls three to four, ventricose, largest above

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 91

the middle and narrowed below; aperture very large, elongate, two-thirds
the length of the shell and semielliptical, straightened on the inner side and
rounded on the outer margin; columella strong, marked by two strong
oblique folds near the middle of its length; surface unknown, but on the
inner volution of the type and on a smaller specimen in the collection Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y. City, there are a few distant vertical plications, faintly
indicated, but which do not extend below the most veritricose part of the
whorl.

This species, like most of the others, is known only from the internal
casts, so that the external characters of the shell are not known. Its form
will readily distinguish it from any other shell in the marls of the State. It
more nearly resembles Volutomorpha Abbotti Gabb from the middle beds
than any other, but may be very readily distinguished by its greater
ventricosity and by the volutions being most ventricose near the upper part
rather than being evenly curved as in that one. The body volution is also
more rapidly contracted in the lower part, the spire shorter, and the whorl
very much more rapidly increasing in size.

Formation and locality: The type is from the brown layers of the Lower
Green Sands in “Burlington County, New Jersey,” and belongs to the col-
lection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. A second specimen is from Mullica Hill,
New Jersey, and is in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

VOLUTODERMA OVATA, 0. sp.
Plate x, Figs. 3, 4.

Shell below a medium size, subovate in general outline, being large
above the middle of the length and attenuated toward the base; spire
short; its apical angle nearly 90° on the internal casts, with strong, rounded
volutions and very deep, strongly marked sutures; body volution propor-
tionally large, forming nearly the bulk of the cast; greatest diameter a
little below the shoulder and rapidly diminishing below; aperture large,
nearly straight on the inner margin, strongly rounded above on the outer
margin, and gently curved along the lower two-thirds of the length; colu-
mella proportionally strong, leaving a large cavity on removal, as seen in
the cast; marked by two strong, very oblique plications or folds above the

92 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

middle of its length, the upper one of which is much the smaller; volu-
tions marked by distant vertical folds only faintly seen on the cast, and
only on the upper portions when visible; on the inner surface of the cast,
between the volutions, the vertical plications are strongly marked, as in all
the species of the genus yet observed; but I have not seen any remains of
spiral lines as on most of them, still, I presume they have existed.

The species is very closely related to two other species of the genus
found in the New Jersey Cretaceous, V. Gabbi Whitt. and V. Abbotti Gabb,
the former from the Lower Green Marls, and the latter from the Middle
beds. From V. Gabbi it differs in the form of the volutions, having the largest
diameter proportionally higher and less rapidly contracted below, and in
wanting the angularity of the shoulder near the upper surface. It may
possibly be only a variety of this form, but I have held the specimen in

hand for months, hoping to obtain some connecting forms, but none have
been observed, and I can not feel satisfied to include it among the forms
of that species as now known.

Formation and locality: In ferruginous layers of the Lower Green
Marls, at Mullica Hill, New Jersey, where it is associated with V. Gabbi

Whitf. Collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

MITRIDA.
Genus TURRICULA.
TURRICULA REILEYI, n. sp.

Plate x1, Fig. 8.

Shell slender, extremely elongated, turreted; spire very much ele-
vated and slender; whorls numerous, slightly convex on the surface and
very distinctly banded on their lower margin; body volution proportion-
ally more convex than the others, being swollen near the middle of its
length; attenuate and rostrate below, and nearly or quite one-half the
length of the shell as seen from the outside of the aperture; sutures very
distinct, bordered by a broad band which is very distinctly separated from
the other part of the volution by an impressed line nearly or quite as
deep and distinctly marked as the suture line itself; surface of the shell

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 93

marked by numerous vertical folds, with slightly concave spaces between;
the folds are narrow and distinct, and very slightly bent backward in the
middle of their length in their passage across the volution, but not inter-
rupted perceptibly at the line separating the band from the body of the
volution, and become obsolete on the rostrated part of the last one. Be-
sides the vertical folds, the entire shell is marked by sharp, closely arranged
spiral lines, which are finer and more numerous on the upper part, be-
coming more distant and stronger below, especially on the lower part of
the last volution, where they seem to have alternated with finer interme-
diate striz. This latter feature may be only apparent, however, as the
condition of the specimens is not such as entirely to establish this feature
as a character of the shell. The crossing of the vertical folds by the spiral
strie in the upper volutions produces a very decided and beautifully can-
cellated structure.

It is barely possible that this shell may not properly belong to the
Mitride, but in the condition of the only fairly preserved specimen it is not
possible to develop the features of the columella perfectly, as this por-
tion has been mutilated by a stroke of a tool in digging the marl, but on
separating the body volution from the matrix, the columella became par-
tially exposed, but no ridges appear to exist. The general form of the
shell would also remind one of the internal casts of the genus Volutoderma,
of which we know but little of the external features; but the absence of
columellar ridges would also be an objection here, and the features are
more those of Mitre than of Voluta or Fusus. It is possible that owing to
the peculiar condition of preservation the substance of the ridges may have
been destroyed, although once existing.

Formation and locality: In the lower, coarse green marls of the Creta-
ceous, at Freehold, New Jersey. Among collections made by the late Rey.
Dr. Reiley.

TURRICULA LEDA, n. sp.
Plate x1, Fig. 7.

Shell fusiform, with a moderately elevated and turreted spire, the apical
angle of which is somewhat less that 30°; volutions five or six in number,

94 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

flattened in the direction of the spire, or very little convex on the surface,
and bordered on the lower margins in the cast by a distinct band, which
forms about one-third of the height; body volution proportionally rather
more convex in the middle than the others and constricted below, forming a
beak of moderate length; the height of this volution as seen from the back
of the outer lip forms, with the beak, rather more than one-half of the
entire length of the shell; shell marked throughout by distinet vertical
ridges or folds, more numerous and more closely arranged on the body
whorl than on those above, except perhaps the apical ones, and have a slight
backward curvature in the middle in passing from suture to suture; the
shell also marked by spiral ridges which, on the body volution, are of nearly
equal strength with the vertical folds, but are invisible on the other volu-
tions in the specimens used.

This shell has the same general character as 7. Reileyi, but is much
less slender and has a proportionally shorter spire; while the surface mark-
ings are coarser than on that one and the volutions are less numerous.
There is a peculiar feature pertaining to the band bordering the sutures in
these two.species, which may be deceptive in its appearance. In shells of
this group there is often a thickened band of this kind at the upper edge of
the volutions, but here it seems to be at the lower edge, and in separating
the volutions of the casts, which I have done in order to ascertain the truth,
they separate at the lower edge of the band. As the specimens are, how-
ever, more properly external than internal casts, preserving the external
markings of the shell, the thickening of the band at the top of the volution
which would contain more substance may have made its imprint in the
external substance of the matrix, which would have been filled up from
within, thereby Jeaving its mark upon the cast at the base of the preceding
volution, instead of on that to which it really belonged. I see no other
means of explaining this feature, for if the band really belonged to the volu-
tion on which it appears, there should be a corresponding band on the body
of the last volution, which is not the case.

Formation and locality: In coarse, dark colored Green Marls of the
Lower Beds at Freehold, New Jersey, in collections made by the late Rev.
Dr. Reiley of that. place.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 95

TURRICULA SCALARIFORMIS, l. sp.
Plate x1, Fig. 9.

Shell greatly elongated, the spire being proportionally slender and
composed of numerous volutious, which are moderately convex, and mod-
erately increasing in height with additional growth; number unknown;
the specimen consists only of a portion of the spire containing about five
volutions, the apex and body volution being absent; surface marked by
strong vertical folds which are separated by concave, equally wide depres-
sions, quite straight and ridged in their direction from suture to suture, and
number about sixteen to each volution; folds crossed by spiral lines, about
eight of which can be counted on the exposed part of the volutions, and
raised and rounded on the top.

This species differs from the others of the genus in the New Jersey
Green Sands in its more rounded volutions; in the stronger vertical folds,
which are not flexuous between the sutures of the volutions and in the
existence of the spiral lines. In the character of the folds and spiral lines
the specimen presents something of the appearance of a Scalaria, but the
general features are those of a Mitra. The specimen is extremely imper-
fect, and only that it is desirable to include in the work all the species
known in the marls, it would not have been made use of.

Formation and locality: In the dark green marls of the Lower Green

Sand at Holmdel, New Jersey. From the collection of Rey. Mr. Reiley.

CANCELLARITDZ.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck.
CANCELLARIA (MERICA) SUBALTA,
Plate x1, Figs. 24, 25.
Cancellaria subalta Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 100, Pl. 1x, Fig. 22.
Shell small, slender or elongate-fusiform, with an elevated spire com-
’ oO d
posed of moderately convex volutions, which may have been, as the author
says, six in number; sutures quite distinct; body volution proportionally

large, forming considerably more than half the length of the shell; aper-

96 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ture rather large, obliquely elliptical with the outer side more rounded than
the inner; acute above and apparently so below; outer lip strongly erenu-
late within; inner lip coated with a deposit, but not sufficiently heavy to
conceal the surface markings of the shell beneath it, which show through
and present somewhat the appearance of plaits; axis apparently slightly
perforated; surface marked by strong and deep vertical and spiral grooves
with sharp ridges between, which produce aspirate nodes by their. intersec-
tion; eleven or twelve of the longitudinal ridges may be counted on the
inner half of the last volution and six of the spiral ridges above the top of
the aperture. The upper two or three volutions appear to have been
smooth, or nearly so, as originally described.»

The type and only specimen which I have seen of this species has
been much mutilated, and that apparently since Mr. Conrad’s figure and
description of it were made. The spire has been broken and the upper
three volutions thrust down and into the cavity of the lower ones, so they

can be only partially seen. The apertwre—at least the outer lip of it—has
also been somewhat damaged so that the crenulations on the inside are
scarcely seen. The feature described by Mr. Conrad as “labrum angulated
above the middle” is barely perceptible on the specimen, which is half
imbedded in micaceous clays. It appears to me to be a feature produced
by accidental crushing rather than a natural one, especially as there is not
the slightest evidence of any angulation on the opposite side of the body
volution or above; the base, however, seems to have been either angulated
or channeled, but the conditions of the specimen will not allow of abso-
lute determination of this feature. If this shell really belongs to the Cancel-
laviide, it would, I think, properly fall under the genus Mercia H. and A.
Adams, and specifically is near M. (C.) oblonga Kiener, as figured by Chenu.
In some respects, however, the specimen closely resembles a Nassa like N.
(Tritia) trivittata of our own coast. The figure as given is restored as well
as it is possible to be done, the fragments being replaced as far as can be.

Formation and locality: In dark colored micaceous clays below the
Lower Marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila.

‘Manuel de Conch, Paléont., vol, 2, p. 277, Fig. 1847.

Ee

ny

GASTELROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 97

Genus MOREA Conrad.
MoREA NATICELLA.

Plate x11, Figs. 19, 20.

Purpurea (Morea) naticella Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4,
p. 301, Pl. xvi, Fig. 15 (14 on plate).

Morea naticella Gabb: Synopsis, p. 59; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p,
19; Geol. N J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

?Morea naticella Gabb: Stoliczka, Ind. Geol. Sury., Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna
South. Ind., vol. 2.

Morea cancellaria Conrad: Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 290,
Pl. xuvi, Fig. 30.

Shell of about a medium size, subglobular, or broadly oblate in out-
line, with ventricose volutions which are most inflated on the upper third,
and number about three and a half; spire moderately high for the genus;
aperture broadly elliptical, pointed above and obtusely so at the base; col-
umella with a single spiral ridge near the lower part, as seen on the inter-
nal cast; surface marked, even on the cast, by strong spiral ridges and fur-
rows, of which ten or eleven of the former may be counted, leaving a plain
space at the base of the shell equal to that of two of the ridges; -also by
somewhat more distant, transverse, broadly rounded ridges which divide
the surface into a series of regular low tubercles.

I do not know of any Cretaceous sheil at all resembling this one in
this country except Morea cancellata Conrad, from the Cretaceous deposits
at Eufaula, Alabama, which I strongly suspect to be the same species, but
the specimen figured is much smaller, and this one does not appear to have
been so much produced in front as is that one. This may be due, how-
ever, to the difference between the actual shell and the cast of the interior
only.

Mr. Conrad considered this genus to belong to the Purpurida,'! and I
think very properly so, judging from his figure. It seems to differ very
little from the recent group Cisfruwm Mont, except in the presence of the
ridge or plication on the lower part of the columella, being somewhat more

distinct than in that genus. Stoliezka places it, with doubt, with the Ra-

'Am, Jour. Conch., vol, 4, p. 249,
MON, XVIII——7

98 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

pamid@, while Mr. Meek classed it, as does Tryon, with the Cancellariide, to
which it would seem to be clearly related if it were examined only in the

condition of internal casts; but this idea is at once dispelled by examining.

the figure given by Mr. Conrad of the perfect shell.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls of the Cretaceous. “Mr.
Gabb gives only New Jersey as the locality of this specimen, the only ones
which I have seen, and from the charactér of the marl I should think they
came from the brown layers near Burlington, New Jersey.

Genus TURBINOPSIS Conrad.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 289.

“Turbinate; spire conical; whorls channeled at the suture; umbilicus
profound; inner and outer lip continuous above and separated from the
body whorl; columella concave with a very oblique fold near the basal
margin.” The species described under the generic description is T. Hilgardi
from the Cretaceous strata in Tippah County, Mississippi. Under his
remarks on the genus, following the generic description, Mz. Conrad says:
“There appear to be two or more species of this genus in the Cretaceous
strata of New Jersey, occurring in the state of casts, one of which I think
is identical with the present shell.” Among the casts from New Jersey I
have recognized three, if not four species, referable to this genus, although
they appear to differ slightly in character from 7. Hilgardi in the posses-
sion of more or less distinct vertical folds, and some of them possibly in the
absence of spiral lines, while the oblique fold at the base of the columella
is certainly known to be present in only one of the number. The casts are
peculiar and rather readily recognized from their widely disconnected whorls
and very large open umbilical cavity. Ido not think the oblique fold at
the base of the columella is a feature always present in the shell, as
there is not the slightest evidence of its existence on the majority of the
casts, even where the features of the columellar lip of the aperture are
preserved in the most perfect manner. The columella seems always
to have been concave, although in some individuals only very moder-
ately so, and the base of the aperture is always shown to have been
acutely angular. The genus, although somewhat obscure in its char-

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 99

acters, seems to be a very necessary one, and to fill a place, or at least
to offer a place for the arrangement of several species of casts of the
New Jersey Cretaceous, which would otherwise be left doubtful, and for
which there seems to be no other place unless Jphinw of Adams is the same.
They bear some slight resemblance in form to what would be produced by
internal casts of Rhizocheilus, but the umbilical opening is larger and the
base of the aperture less prolonged than would be the case by any of those
of that genus which I have seen. The general form of the cast would
readily indicate a position for them near Cancellaria, but the absence of the
columellar folds renders it doubtful until that of the 7. /Tilgardi and T. Con-
radi herein described is seen, which at once removes all doubt. Mr. Gabb
seems to have been very doubtful of the generic relations of these shells,
and referred the type species at one time to Cancellaria, and subsequently
considered it as related to Ninella of Gray, from which it must be very dis-
tinct. He, subsequent to these references (in his Synopsis and in the Proe.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., in 1861, p. 321), reconsidered the subject and con-
cluded the genus was a good one (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., 1876, p.
300), and states that he thinks it “not remote from Trichotropis.” Dr.
Stoliezka in Ind. Geol. Surv. Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna, South Ind., vol. 1, pp.
161, 162, remarks that the genus ought to be separated from Cancellaria if
it has but one columellar fold, but the casts often show no evidence of any
fold, as above stated. He also observes that the presence of spiral striz
and the absence of transverse (vertical) ribs indicate a different style of
surface structure from that usually shown in the Cancellariide, and thinks it
probable these shells may belong to the ‘“ Trochide or Littorinide (Modu-
lus).” They much resemble Modulus in character except for their gieater
elevation, but the New Jersey casts mostly show remains of vertical or
transverse folds, showing their closer relations to Cancellaria than he had
supposed. The specimens which I have considered as identical with 7.
Hilgardi, Conrad's type of the genus, show unmistakable evidence of ver-
tical folds. In view of all these resemblances I consider them most nearly
related to Cancellaria. There is only one other alternative to this conclu-
sion, and that is in the genus [phinw Adams, which Chenu and Tryon arrange
under the Trichotropide. The casts of this shell would present almost

100 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY. z

exactly the same features as do these New Jersey specimens, and it is pos-
sible that they belong here.

.
TURBINOPSIS HILGARDI?
Plate xu, Figs. 7-9.

Turbinopsis Hilgardi Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 289,
Pl. xvi, Fig. 29; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 86; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 19; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 300.

Turbinopsis depressus Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 300.

Cancellaria Hilgardi (Conrad) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 42, and Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., 1876, p. 300.

The casts which I have identified with this species are extremely im-
perfect; two of them retain the external markings and the external form;
another is a cast of the interior, retaining the external markings somewhat
en a part of the outer volution, and the imprint of them on the inside of the
east of the volutions; form turbinate; the spire somewhat elevated, with
convex volutions, separated by very distinct sutures; the volutions largest
a little below the upper side and rapidly contracted below, giving them an
obconical or turbinate form; umbilical opening in the internal cast moder-
ately large, the margin sharply angular; aperture elliptical, acute below
and more rounded above; volutions four or five; columella concave, ridge
or fold not shown; surface marked by spiral ridges sixteen or more in num-
ber; interspaces as wide as or wider than the ridges; these are crossed by
vertical folds which are more distant than the ridges, and are rounded;
strongest on the upper part of the volution and obsolete below.

The specimens referred to this species are badly crushed, so the iden-
tification may be considered somewhat doubtful. ‘The spire seems to have
been proportionally higher than that of Conrad’s figures, and the volutions
less compressed below; the umbilicus is smaller, and, besides, there is the
absence of vertical folds on the original which are distinct on these. The
folds, however, are small and rather closely arranged. I hesitate much
in identifying them with the figure given of the type on account of these
wide differences, but were the specimens less imperfect they might show
more intimate resemblances. There may be some doubt as to the identity
of Gabb’s 7. depressa with this species, as the measurements given by him

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 101

under his original description do not agree with those of this species, his
shell being proportionally wider; but I can find no other one agreeing
more nearly with it, so leave it as a synonym, since he so considered it him-
self, and I have not been able to find his type; he had probably compared
with Mr. Conrad’s original at the time he so placed it.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Mullica Hill, at
Holmdel, and Monmouth County, New Jersey. Mr. Conrad’s specimen
was from Tippah County, Mississippi.

TURBINOPSIS ANGULATA, Nn. sp.
Plate xu, Figs. 17, 18.

Shell rather above the usual size, short conical, and rather obese in
general form, oblique as seen from the back; composed of two and a half
or three volutions, which increase somewhat rapidly in size with increased
growth; apical angle about 70°; volutions ventricose, obliquely flattened
on the upper side and obtusely round-pointed below, with a quite distinct
angulation at the upper third, or just above the upper third of the length,
as seen on the last one, and a less distinct one below the middle, dividing
the body volution into three sections, of which the middle one is rather
broader than the others and imperceptibly flattened; above the body volu-
tion the whorls are marked by about eight vertical folds, or angulations rep-
resenting folds, which do not extend to the suture line on the cast, the only
condition in which it has been observed; aperture elongate ovate, largest
below; columellar cavity in the cast of medium size, marked at the base
by a distinct groove, indicating the presence of a tooth-like ridge on the
shell, showing the generic position of the species; the surface has also been
marked by spiral lines or ridges, fifteen or more in number, on the last
whorl near the lip, very perceptible on the surface between the whorls in
the cast.

This species differs from any of the associated forms, by the angula-
tions of the volutions, and in the proportional size and form of the volutions
themselves. There is only a single authentically identified cast, and that
one imperfect in the upper part of the spire, but its features are so very
distinctive that it may readily be distinguished from any other species in
the green marls.

102 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the blackish green marls of the Lower Marl
Beds at Crosswicks, New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College.

TURBINOPSIS CURTA, I. Sp.
Plate x11, Figs. 3-6.

2? Lunatia obtusivolua (Gabb) Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 45, Pl. 1,
Ries ait

Shell small, turbinate, with a short spire, showing in the cast only
about three volutions in all, the last of which forms the great bulk of the
shell; volutions largest at the top and contracted below to the sharp base
bordering the umbilical cavity; this latter feature proportionally wide, indi-
cating a large umbilicus in the shell; aperture elliptical, sharply angular
below and sharply rounded above; oblique and more rounded on the outer
than on the inner side; columellar lip not showing evidence of a tooth on
the cast, and probably destitute of such appendage; casts showing no indi-
cation of vertical folds or revolving lines.

This species differs from all the others in the low spire, and the short,
broad form of the shell, by which features it may be readly distinguished
from them. Conrad’s figure above referred to seems almost as if it might
have been made from one of the specimens figured on our plate, the spire
being only a little lower, though there is doubt concerning it.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and from the same position near
Trenton Falls, New Jersey. Collection at Columbia College.

TURBINOPSIS ELEVATA, Nn. Sp.
Plate x11, Figs. 10-14.

Shell of moderately small size as indicated by internal casts only;
spire elevated, consisting of but few whorls, which in the casts are widely
disconnected, indicating a thick shell or whorls disconnected in the shell
itself, which is most probable; volutions convex, rounded above and on the
periphery, but compressed and wedge-form below; aperture elongate-ovate,
rounded above, but wedge-shaped below; umbilical opening, in the cast,
quite large, smooth, not showing any indication of the spiral tooth-like

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 103

ridge; surface of the cast showing rather distant vertical folds, but. very
little indication of spiral strie, the shell being probably too thick for them
to be transmitted to the cast.

This species differs from 7. Hilgardi, as identified from New Jersey, in
the more elevated spire, larger umbilical opening, more rounded volutions,
and more distant vertical folds; from 7. plicata, herein described, in its
more ventricose form, less oblique volutions, larger umbilical opening,
absence of tooth, and more distant vertical folds.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. From the collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TURBINOPSIS MAJOR, N. sp.
Plate x11, Figs. 15, 16, 21-23.

Shell very large as compared with other species of the genus, the frag-
ment of a cast figured measuring over 1} inches across the body volution,
while the entire height has not been less than 24 inches; volutions large,
heavy and massive, strongly rounded on the surface, and probably about
five in number; spire short, the apical angle having been about 60°, making
the height of the spire above the top of the body volution, when measured
on the back of the shell, about equal to the length of the body volution
from that point downward; aperture obliquely elliptical-ovate, as in other
species of the genus; columellar cavity in the cast very large, measuring
nearly half an inch in its greatest width, the lower edge being raised above
the general surface, indicating a notch or groove at the base of the aper-
ture in the shell, with a rounded callosity above it, forming or representing
the tooth or fold on the columella; surface of the shell, as shown on the
surface between the volutions, marked by distant spiral ridges, at least on
the lower sides of the volution, and also by much more distant vertical
ridges or folds.

The species as represented by the fragments in hand is so distinct in
size and proportions from any of the others recognized that it can not be
confounded with them, while its general features are so marked that it will
be readily distinguished from any other shell found in New Jersey or else-
where.

104 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at the Neversink
Hills, New Jersey, collected by Charles Sears, Esq. Collection at Rut-
gers College, New Jersey. There are also small casts closely resembling
it from J. 8. Cook’s beds at Tinton Falls, New Jersey, which would pertain
to the Middle Marl Beds, but the identification is by no means certain.

TURBINOPSIS PLICATA, 0. Sp.
Plate xu, Figs. 1, 2. L

Shell small, and known only from internal casts; spire elevated and
erect, composed of but few volutions, probably not more than three in the
shell; widely separated in the casts by the sutures and very rapidly increas-
ing in size; umbilical opening very large and very distinctly marked, near
the base of the columella, by a deep, narrow groove, indicating the pres-
ence of a rather strong, tooth-like ridge at the base of the columella; col-
umella concave, giving an elliptical form to the filling of the aperture which
nearly equals one-half the height of the entire cast, and is very oblique as
seen in front,, but from the back appears rather patulose and spreading; sur-
face of the cast marked by numerous vertical folds or plications, which are
quite distinct on the cast and closely arranged; the outer half of the last
volution, however, does not retain them so distinctly.

This species may be distinguished from others of the genus by its erect
form, more slender spire and closely arranged but distinct vertical folds,
which, although more numerous than those of some of them, are still much
more distant than those on 7. Hilgardi. The spiral striz of the surface
are not retained on the cast except very slightly on the inner surface of
the upper volutions.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. In the collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 105

PLEUROTOMID 2.
Genus SURCULA H. & A. Adams.
SURCULA STRIGOSA,
Plate x1, Fig. 1.
Surcula strigosa Gabb: Proc. Acad. Mats Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 279.

Shell elongated, turreted, with an elevated spire; the number of volu-
tions unknown, there being now in existence only a fragment of a speci-
men, consisting of part of the body volution and the next above; body volu-
tion proportionally large as compared with the other, concave on the upper
surface and gently convex on the middle portion, the anterior beak and
canal being absent; the next volution above the principal one subangular
at the upper third of its height and marked by ten or twelve strong, rounded,
vertical folds, and also by moderately strong spiral lines; while the body
volution has also been marked by the vertical folds, but less strongly than
the other, but is closely covered by nearly equal, vertical and spiral lines
eancellating the entire surface; one of the latter, at the lower edge of the
concave upper surface, and another a short distance below, have been
stronger, and those on the lower half of the volution are somewhat alter-
nating in size.

In Mr. Gabb’s description of this shell, which I suppose was drawn
from the same individual here used, he states that there are ‘perhaps
eight” volutions, and also says it is 3 inches in length. The specimen
has probably been mutilated, or has possibly fallen in pieces since the
description was made. ‘The specimen bears no label except that of locality,
which is Holmdel, as given by Mr. Gabb. He also states that the speci-
men was loaned to him by Prof. G. H. Cook for description, and as this is
the only one found from that locality it is most probably the type. The
only species having any resemblance to it are those herein described as
Terricula elegans and T. Leda, neither of which can easily be mistaken for
it and neither of which would appear to belong to the same genus, and are
readily distinguished by the absence of the concave upper surface on the
body volution.

106 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JNRSEY.

Formation and locality: In friable green marls of the Lower Marl Beds.
at Holmdel, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Genus CITHARA Schum.
CITHARA MULLICAENSIS, n. sp.

Plate xm, Figs. 2-6.

Shell moderately large and robust for its length, with a short, obtusely
pointed spire and very large body whorl, which constitutes nearly the
entire bulk of the shell; the spire, measuring from the swell of the body
volution when looking upon the front of the shell, forming about two-fifths
of the entire height; volutions four and a half to five in number, short,
indistinctly marked and the sutures obscure ; the body whorl somewhat
produced below, forming a short canal; aperture large, elliptical, pointed
above and notched below; and about equaling one-half the length of the
shell; surface of the shell marked with strong, longitudinal ribs, which are
quite distant and number only about ten on the body whorl; the ribs are
strong, sharply. elevated, with concave interspaces, and with fine longitu-
dinal lines of growth marking the surfaces; and the whole crossed by ele-
vated thread-like raised lines, distant and distinct, but most plainly marked
on the ridges; on the internal casts, the most usual condition, the spire
is more elevated and the form less robust, with more distinct sutures and
the volutions more ventricose, while their surfaces are less strongly marked
by the longitudinal ribs, and no spiral lines are visible; no evidence of
markings can be detected on the columella, either on the shell or on the
cast. The outer lip of the aperture appears to have been slightly thick-
ened, but no evidence of internal striz exists. The features of the notch
in the outer tip can not be ascertained. .

I see no reason to question the generic relations of this shell, although
some of the features are too obscure for positive description; those that
are retained seem too well marked for doubt. The same remarks made
under G. Crosswickensis in regard to generic references apply equally well
to this species.

Formation and locality: In the dark ferruginous layers at the base of the
Lower Green Marls at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. State collection made

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 107

by Dr. Britton, and one cast from the collection of Mr. Joseph McFarland,
of Philadelphia. .

CITHARA CROSSWICKENSIS, 0. sp.
Plate x11, Figs. 7, 8.

Shell of moderate size or larger, subfusiform or turriculate, the spire
as long as or longer than the length of the body volution and beak, only
moderately slender, the apical angle being about 30° to 35°, and the num-
ber of volutions probably about five; all the specimens being imperfect
and mostly casts, the exact number can not be determined; body volution
large in proportion to the others, quite ventricose in the upper part and
contracted below to form the short beak; upper volutions only moderately
ventricose; suture, in the casts, strongly marked and the volutions rather
abrupt on the upper margin; aperture large, angular above, and more
sharply so below; columella strong, leaving a moderately large cavity by
its removal, which, in the most perfectly formed cast, shows evidence of a
single, rather strong, oblique plication on the lower part; volutions marked
by distant, strong, and angular vertical folds, extending from the suture to
near the base of the beak on the body volution, and from suture to suture
on the others, even on the casts; surface of the shell marked by very fine
transverse strize parallel to the folds, which are only slightly directed for-
ward in their lower part; and by extremely faint indications of faint thread-
like, raised, spiral lines, divided by broad flattened interspaces.

The specimens upon which this species is founded are partially casts,
with the shell preserved on a portion of the body volution of one of them.
Its substance is very thick and the vertical folds sharply angular. The
species bears a very close resemblence to C. Mullicaensis herein described,
but the shell is larger and has a more elevated spire, while the body whorl
is larger in proportion, the spire more slender, and the sutures much more
‘distinct. The surface characters are much the same in both. There may
be some question as to the proper generic reference of the species C. Mul-
licaensis, but the specimens are in such a condition of preservation that it
is impossible to tell just what they are. Stoliezka, in the Pal. Indica, refers
very similar forms to Volutilithes Swains., and others, just as similar, to

Lyria Gray, but it does not seem to me that they are as nearly related to

108 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

either of these genera, if the typical forms are considered, as they are to
Cithara; therefore I have preferred to place them under this latter genus.

Formation and locality: In dark green marl near the base of the Lower
Marls, at Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey. Collected by
Dr. N. L. Britton. The casts are very hard, black, shining, and brittle.

STROMBIDZE.

Genus ROSTELLARIA Lamarck.

Among the casts of gasteropoda from the Lower Marl Beds in New Jer-
sey, are several species which appear to belong to this genus, differing from
those referred to Anchura in not presenting any evidence of a dorsal keel on
the outer half of the last volution or of spiral striee, and some of them even
not presenting evidence of vertical folds crossing the upper whorls. Some
of these are perfect enough to be characterized, while many of them are
not. Some occur in numbers, while other forms are represented by only
single individuals. Among those distinct enough for characterization, and
represented by several individuals, I have considered the following forms
‘worthy of notice and description:

ROSTELLARIA COMPACTA, Nn. sp.
Plate xu, Figs. 18-21.

Shell of only a medium size or smaller, elongate ovate in form, as casts,
with a moderately elevated spire, the apical angle of which varies but little
from 30°; volutions four to five in number, quite compactly coiled and very
moderately convex between the sutures, presenting evidence of a rather
thin shell; body volution large, forming nearly or quite one-half of the
length of the cast; moderately convex on the upper part, but rapidly con-
tracted below, apparently having been provided with a rostral beak of some.
length; outer part of last volution extended upward at the upper edge to
near the top of the next volution above, as distinctly indicated on one of
the casts; aperture, as shown on the cast, narrowly elliptical, acute above
and pointed below; columellar cavity left by the removal of the shell rather

small; surface of the cast smooth.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 109

On one of the casts referred to this species there is a slight but very
well defined ridge near the base of the volution similar to what would be
left on a cast of Pseudoliva by the groove representing the notch near the
base of the lip. Whether it has been produced by accident, or is an organic
feature of the specimen, I can not say; none of the others which I have
considered as of the same species show any indication of such a feature,
and I have been led to consider it as accidental.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks and
Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and elsewhere.

ROSTELLARIA SPIRATA, 0. Sp.

Plate xi, Figs. 16, 17.

Shell small, slender, spire elevated with moderately convex whorls,
divided by very distinct sutures in the casts; apical angle 25° or more;
volutions six or seven, the last one forming rather less than half of the
entire length, exclusive of the anterior prolongation; aperture oblique,
elliptical in outline, nearly or quite equally convex on the inner and outer
sides; columellar cavity small, straight, and smooth; last volution deflected
upward very slightly as it approaches the aperture; surface of the ‘ast.
smooth, without visible evidence of vertical folds.

The casts of this species differ from those of R. compacta, in being
more slender, of smaller dimensions, composed of a greater number of
volutions which are more convex, with larger or broader sutures, and in
having a shorter and abruptly contracted body whorl. The rostral beaks
are all imperfect, but they bear evidence of having had considerable length.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl Beds near New Egypt, at
Crosswicks, and at Upper Freehold, New Jersey. Collections Acad. Nat.
Sei, Phila., and Rutgers College; also from the same position at Mullica
Hill, New Jersey, in the collection at Columbia College, New York City.

ROSTELLARIA CURTA, 0. Sp.

Plate xi, Figs. 9-13.

Shell small and comparatively short for a species of the genus; spire
short, the apical angle being about 45° in some specimens, and in other

110 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

individuals rather less; volutions convex, four or five in number, only four
in the casts; sutures deeply marked, indicating a comparatively thick shell;
body volution large, half as long as the entire length of the cast, or some-
times three-fifths of the entire length; base of the body volution extended
in front; aperture equaling one-half the length of the cast; elongate ellip-
tical in outline, acute at the upper angle and the margin extending above
the line of the suture where the lip has extended upon the preceding volu-
tion; lower margin of the aperture prolonged and narrow; outer margin
more convex than the inner; columellar cavity rather large, indicating a
strong and thickened columella, which has been smooth and without any
indications of folds or markings; surface of the volutions marked by dis-
tant but not very strong vertical folds, which are only seen on the internal
cast upon careful examination; surface of the shell and features of the lip
and posterior canal unknown.

The casts of this species, although somewhat common at this one
locality, are not very readily distinguished from casts of Volutomorpha Kanet
Gabb, with which they occur, and the only reliable features by which they
‘an be distinguished is the total absence of columellar folds or plications
and the extension of the aperture upon the preceding volution when the
outline of the margin is preserved, which is not uncommon. In size, gen-
eral form, and proportions they are very similar, this one being rather more
ventricose on the body volution, especially in the upper half of its length.

Formation and locality: In the dark green layers of the lower Green
Marls at Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers College.

Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton,

ROSTELLARIA FUSIFORMIS, 0. sp.
Plate xin, Figs. 14, 15.

Shell small, slender, and fusiform; spire elevated and slender, the apical
angle being about 20° or 25°; volutions slender, slightly convex on their
exposed surfaces; four only preserved in the cast, but there have been four
or five more above, making eight or more in all; body volution greatly

prolonged in front, forming a long slender beak with a proportionally strong

GASTHEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. ILL

axis, leaving quite a good sized axial cavity in the cast; aperture long and
narrow, pointed above and below, the upper canal being extended upon the
preceding volutions to an unknown extent; volutions marked by numerous,
closely arranged, vertical folds, twelve or more to the whorl.

This is the most slender form yet noticed in the New Jersey Cretaceous
formations, and has been more extended in front than any other. It seems
to have been a true Rostellaria as far as can be judged from the internal cast
alone, being destitute of any angulation of the body whorl, without evidence
of spiral strive, and provided with a long rostral beak and smooth columella.

Formation and locality: From the blackish layers of the Lower Green
Marls at Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey. Collected by
Dr. N. L. Britton, and is in the Rutgers College collection.

ROSsTELLARIA HEBE, n. sp.
EPlate xiv, Figs. 11-13, 14 ?.

Shell moderately large, with an elongated conical spire and rather short
body whorl; volution strongly rounded in the cast, number unknown but
probably seven or more, the last one proportionately larger and more ven-
tricose than any of the others; base short but somewhat extended near the
columellar cavity, which is rather large, showing the axis to have been
strong; upper part of the body volution largest and the lower part rounded
obeonical, slightly extended below; aperture, as shown by the cast, of but
moderate size, narrowly elliptical in form, being nearly equally curved on
the outer and inner sides; the outer side a little the most strongly so; upper
and basal angles of the aperture acute; the upper one extended upon the
preceding volution, causing the last volution, as it approaches the aperture,
to overlap that one somewhat as in many of the Strombide. Columella
smooth, without folds or ridges of any kind; suture between the coils of
the cast strong and deep, but separated by only a narrow space, showing
the shell at this part to have been thin; the surface of the shell has been
marked by spiral bands of considerable width, but their number is not
determinable from the specimens at hand; there is, however, evidence of a
quite strong one near the center of the volutions, and indications of several
others, especially on the basal portion of the last volutions, but not present-
ing any angulation as in Anchura.

112 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

This species, known from internal casts only, differs from all the other
forms from New Jersey in its greater size; greater angle of the spire; short,
ventricose volutions, which are strongly rounded with deep sutures; and in
the proportionally short, compact body v« lution. There are very faint
indieations of vertical folds on the upper volutions, but too indistinet to fio-
ure or count. Casts apparently identical with this occur in the Cretaceous
in Texas, but have not been deseribed.

Formation and locality: This species is found at Mullica Hill, New
Jersey, and a very imperfect cast appears to have come from F reehold, New
Jersey. Both are from the Lower Marls of the Cretaceous. Those from
Mullica Hill are from the highly ferruginous beds below the true marls.

Genus ANCHURA Conrad.
ANGHURA ARENARIA.
Plate xiv, Fig. 10.

Rostellaria arenarum Morton: Syn. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 48, Pl. v, Fig. 8.

Rostellaria 2 arenarum (Mort.) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 20.

Rostellaria arenarum (D’ Orb.) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1876, p. 298.

Gladius arenarum (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 54, 7.

Anchura arenarum (Mort.) Meek: Geol. Surv. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729;
Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 298.

The only New Jersey example of this species which T have seen is the
type specimen. Among all the collections examined none have appeared
that will satisfactorily agree with it. The specimen is a very imperfect
east, and shows but indifferently the features of the species. It has been
a rather strong and robust form of about 2 inches in length, with strongly
rounded volutions, probably four and a half or five in number, and rapidly
decreasing in size upward; sutures very strongly marked; aperture nar-
row, but the lip is unknown and the rostrum apparently quite short; volu-
tious marked by ten or twelve vertical plications or folds which are strongly
marked on the largest part, but become obsolete at the sutures above and
below, while on the body whorl they are not visible below the upper two-
thirds, the lower third being destitute of markings; on outer half of the
last yolution the folds indistinet or obsolete; the folds appear to have

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. avs

been somewhat sigmoidal in their direction in passing from above down-
ward, being directed slightly forward in the lower part.

Mr. Gabb' cites Chemnitzia distans Conrad, from Tippah County, Missis-
sippi, as a synomym of this species, but I think wrongfully, as it appears
to belong to a group of shells entirely different from this one.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls of the Cretaceous of New
Jersey. No definite locality is given with the specimen, either in Dr. Mor-
ton’s original description or in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., where
it belongs; but from the lithological character of the specimen, I should be
inclined to think it came either from Mullica Hill or from near Burlington,
New Jersey.

ANCHURA ABRUPTA ?
Plate xiv, Figs. 1-3.

Anchura abrupta Conrad? Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 284,
Pl. xtvu, Fig. 1; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 38, Meek; Check List Cret. and Jur,
Foss., p. 19.

Among the casts of this group of shells in the collection Acad. Nat,
Sci., Phila., there are two individuals from the brown sands near Burlington,
New Jersey, which are larger and have a more rapidly tapering spire than
A. pennata Morton, and which evidently represent a species distinct from
that one. Although the general form is much the same as in that species,
the vertical folds are more oblique, being directed forward in the lower
part, and the entire volution has been marked by moderately strong spiral
lines, a feature which does not exist on any of the many casts of that
species which I have examined. The volutions also seem a little more
convex and the last one less extended below. On the better preserved cast
of the two there are two quite prominent spiral ridges on the periphery of
the last volution which are about one-twelfth of an inch apart, and appear
to have corresponded to some feature of the lip. The lip has also been
somewhat extended over the lower part of the preceding volution; but the
anterior portion is absent on both, so that the length of the anterior beak

can not be ascertained.

' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 298,
MON XviII——8

114 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

The features of these casts as above described show considerable re-
semblance, in these specimens, to A. abrupta Conrad, as known in casts from
Mississippi, but are not sufficiently marked to afford a positive identifica-
tion. Still, with the great resemblance between them here shown, I hes-
itate to consider them as distinct.

Formation and locality: In the brown sands of the Lower Marls from
near Burlington, New Jersey.

ANCHURA ABRUPTA Var. ACUTISPIRA, D. var.
Plate xiv, Fig. 4.

A single imperfect specimen of an internal cast occurs in the collection
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., from New Jersey, but without more definite locality.
The spire is only moderately slender, the apical angle being about 35°,
with rather compact volutions, closely coiled, as seen in the cast, indicating
a rather thin shell, flattened in the direction of the spire, and have been six
or seven in number; the last one short, subangular in the middle, and
rather abruptly contracted in the lower part, and extended in a slender
point in front; the aperture trapezoidal and oblique; surface bearing dis-
tinct evidence of slender spiral lines, five of which are above the periphery
and an undetermined number below, but apparently of about the same size
and proportion as those above the center. There are also distinct, promi-
nent, vertical folds crossing the volutions, which are directed slightly for-
ward in their passage from above in crossing the volution. Twelve of these
folds mark the last volution as preserved on the cast, but above this they
are not readily determined, although they appear to be fully as numerous.
The last volution becomes more distinctly angular on the periphery as it
approaches the lip, although this latter feature is not preserved.

The cast differs in the angularity of the volutions and the shorter spire
from A. abrupta Conrad, as herein identified, but more particularly in the
fewer and stronger vertical folds and in the single carination marking the
last volution. This latter feature alone would not be reliable as a specific
feature, as the prominence of the angulations of this part of these shells is
usually very variable and they are often not very much developed until
quite near the lip. The other differences noted are, however, very marked,
and will readily distinguish it from those identified with A. abrupta.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 115

Formation and locality: The specimen is evidently from the Lower
Green Marls, althouch the locality indicated is only “Cretaceous, N. J.”
) too} 4 5 v )
Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

ANCHURA PENNATA.

Plate xiv, Figs. 7, 8.
Rostellaria pennata Morton: Synop., Org. Rem. Cret., p. 48, Pl. xrx, Fig. 9.
Gladius pennatus (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 55, 77.
Rostellaria (2) pennata (Mort.) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 20.
Anchura pennata (Mort.) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Shell elongate, spire elevated and consisting of from six to seven volu-
tions, which are only moderately convex between the suture lines, the
latter being well marked but not deep; apical angle not more than 30°,
but often less; last volution proportionally large and with a somewhat
extended rostral beak, slender and straight; lip broadly expanded and
extended in a narrow border along the side of the beak to a point opposite
the base or swell of the volution, where it rapidly widens out into the broad
wing-like lip, which reaches somewhat over the next volution above but
apparently not forming a posterior canal. The outer posterior angle of the
expanded portion is prolonged into a narrow, recurved, falciform process
of greater or less extent; volutions marked by oblique longitudinal folds,
which extend from suture to suture on all the upper volutions, but become
obsolete just above the middle on the body portion of the last one, and are
entirely obsolete on the back of the expanded lip. On the upper volutions
the folds are closely arranged, but on the lower they are more distant and
more strongly marked, while on the body part of the last one they are
quite strong and almost node-like, even on many of the internal casts.

The species was originally described from casts obtained from Prairie
Bluff, Alabama, where they appear to be not uncommon as casts, and the
New Jersey specimens are usually in the same state of preservation, and
seldom show any remains of the expanded lip. In some of the mars,
however, this feature is occasionally preserved, and I have before me three
individuals belonging to the collection at Rutgers College showing this

feature with some slight variations. One individual apparently has the lip

116 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

extended along the side of the spire to the second volution above, so as to
indicate the existence of a posterior canal. If this is correct and not a
result of compression, it would remove it from the genus Anchwa and ally
it more nearly with Helicaulax Gabb, which has the canal passing along
the spire to near its summit. There is, however, a great diversity of opimion
as to the range of these genera, and I think that half the number which
now exist would better serve the purposes of classification. Stoliczka would
apparently place this shell and all its group under Alaria M. & L., but they
have no lip-like varices.

Formation and locality: 1 find specimens of this species in collections
from various localities, judging from their characters, but most of them are
marked simply ‘‘New Jersey.” They are found at Freehold, Mullica Hill,
Marlborough, Cream Ridge, and many other places in the Lower Marls,
and are common in the Cretaceous in Alabama.

ANCHURA PAGODAFORMIS, 0. sp.
Plate xiv, Figs. 15, 16.

A single cast of a large species, evidently an Anchura, comes from the
lowest layers of green sand in Monmouth County without more special
locality. It is so marked in its character that I have thought it worth while
to designate it by name, in hopes that other and better examples may be
discovered before the work on the Marls shall be closed. The east, without
anterior beak and lacking some four or more volutions of the apex, is nearly
3 inches in length, and considerably over an inch and a quarter in diameter
across the body volution. The volutions are very compactly coiled, indi-
cating a rather thin shell, and the lower volutions are rather flattened ver-
tically, the last one showing evidence of a depression a little below the
shoulder. Above, the coils are more rounded, from a thickening of the
shell on the inside. The aperture appears to have been constricted on the
back of the expansion, the cast being broken just at the beginning of
the widening portion and showing the commencement of the upward
expansion of the lip. No surface markings are visible on any part of the
shell. The center of the shell is perforated, but not largely so, indicating
a slender axis, The species differs from all others noticed, not only in its

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. a e¢

greater size, but in the vertical outer face of the volutions, and will be
easily identified by this character.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl Bed in Monmouth County,
New Jersey, and from the collection at Rutgers College.

ANCHURA SOLITARIA, 0. sp.

Plate xiv, Fig. 9.

Shell small, but with a comparatively elevated spire, consisting of
numerous convex volutions, the number of which can not be determined:
aperture expanded into a broad wing-like lip, which is extended on the
upper side to just above the base of the next volution and has been strongly
recurved on the edge; opposite the middle of the aperture is an extended lip,
in the form of a slightly recurved, spine-like process of greater or less extent,
which corresponds in position to a strong, angular keel or ridge, which
marks the outer volution at about the middle of its height; also evidence
on the cast of a second keel or ridge at a little distance below the first
one; body of the volutions marked by numerous, closely arranged, ver-
tical folds, faintly seen on the cast; beak rather short.

This is the only species of the keeled section of this group of shells
that I have seen from New Jersey, although it is so abundant in the Cre-
taceous of other parts of the country. The cast of this one when deprived
of the expansion of the lip would be readily mistaken for that of A. rostrata
Gabb, but the vertical folds are finer, and the lip at once distinguishes it.

Formation and locality: The only specimen observed is an imperfect
cast in a gray marl near the base of the Lower Green Marls, and was asso-
. ciated with specimens of A. rostrata Gabb, collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.,
marked ‘Haddonfield, New Jersey.”

ANCHURA (DREPANOCHILUS) COMPRESSA, 0. sp.

Plate xii, Figs. 22-25.

Shell, as represented by casts, rather above a medium size, with a
moderately elevated spire and proportionally large body volution; apical
angle somewhat varied as seen on different individuals, one specimen meas-

uring only about 30°, and another nearly 45°; volutions five or six (?) in

118 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSBY. *

number, none of the specimens being perfect at the apex, leaving the mat-
ter somewhat in doubt; whorls moderately convex in the casts with well
marked and distinct sutures; the surfaces between them varying from
slightly flattened in the lower part of the spire to very round in the upper
whorls, indicating a thickened shell for the upper parts, and less thickened
below; body whorl rather large, the upper margin strongly directed upward
as it approaches the aperture, extending to or above the middle of the pre-
ceding volution before it becomes free, and showing a strong rounded
ridge near the upper margin, where it begins to form the apertural projec-
tion of the lip, strongly compressed or flattened below on the back of the
whorl, while the lower part is quite abruptly contracted below to form the
anterior canal or beak, but without any indication of an angle. The
anterior beak or canal has been slender, but its length is not determinable
from any of the specimens seen; aperture, as shown by the cast, narrow
in width, but elongated in an anterior and posterior direction, resulting
from the compression of the volution on the back; lip unknown; surface
marked by oblique vertical folds, which are numerous and strongly directed
forward in passing from above downward, becoming obsolete on the cast
just below the position of the suture line, and entirely absent on the outer
half of the body whorl, as seen on the individuals in hand.

This species is of about the size of A. pennata Morton and has very
nearly the same apical angle. The vertical folds are, however, rather more
distant, the body whorl larger in proportion, and the spire rather shorter
generally; but the principal difference is in the form of the body volution,
in the existence of the rounded ridge leading to the posterior projection, and
in the flattening below. No evidence of spiral lines or ridges exist on any
of the specimens which I have examined.

Formation and locality: Tn the Lower Green Marls, at Mullica Hill and
Upper Freehold, New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College and at
Columbia College.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 119

Genus ALARIA Morris.
ALARIA ROSTRATA.
Plate xtv, Figs. 5-6.
Rostellaria rostrata Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 390,
Pl, EVI, dae. 7:
Gladius rostrata Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 55, 77.
Anchura rostrata (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Anchura (Drepanochilus) rostrata (Gabb) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss.,
poy IE

Shell of only moderate size; spire elevated, forming an apical angle of
about 35°, but somewhat variable in different specimens; whorls about six
in number, very slightly convex between the sutures, which are not very
strongly marked, and are ornamented by rather closely arranged vertical
folds, smaller, more numerous, and more closely arranged on the upper than
on the body whorl; those on the last whorl become smaller, shorter, and
more indistinet toward the expanded lip, on the back of which they become
obsolete; on all the upper whorls the folds extend from suture to suture,
but on the last one they are marked only on the upper or larger parts; outer
lip expanded, forming a broad, wing-like extension which is prolonged below
along the moderately long rostral beak, and above is extended into an
obtusely pointed hook-like process from its outer upper border. This fea-
ture I have seen entire only on the type specimen, though several are before
me which show the expansion of the lip. No keel-like ridge marks the
back of the lip, as in most of the species of this group from the Cretaceous
beds of the Upper Missouri region.

This species may be distinguished from the others of the group from
New Jersey by its smaller size, smaller and more closely arranged vertical
folds, and proportionally shorter and more obtuse spire. There appeays to
be a very great degree of variation among the specimens of this species in
the proportions of the spire, some of them being very much more slender
than the rate of increase mentioned above. There is also considerable
difference in the strength and number of the vertical folds, but none of them
approach in coarseness that of the most nearly allied forms associated with
it in New Jersey, from which this feature alone will readily distinguish it.

Formation and locality: In the brown layers of the Lower Marls near
Burlington, New Jersey, where it appears to be a somewhat common species.

120 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

CYPRAIDA.
Genus CYPRAVA Linneus.
CyPrR®A (ARICIA) MORTONI.
Plate xv, Figs. 1-3.
Cypre Mortoni Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 391, Pl.
LXVUl, Fig. 8 in text, 9 on plate; Synopsis, p. 48; Meek, Check List Cret.
and Jur. Foss., p. 19; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Mr. Gabb described this species principally from internal casts obtained
from Prairie Bluff, Alabama, at the same time recognizing it in a cast from
New Jersey. That specimen I have before me, but it is so very imperfect
that only the generic features of the shell are retained beyond proofs of
its small size and evidence that it is an adult individual. Being an internal
cast, but few features of a shell of this kind can be retained. The speci-
men is about five-eighths of an inch in length and broadly ovate in outline;
the spire is flat and the cast most ventricose and largest about one-third of
the length from that end, with the slightest indication of an angularity at
the point of greatest diameter on the outer half of the last volution. The
outer lip shows the infolding to a slight extent, but no indications of the
fine crenulations of the lip nor of the opposite side of the aperture as men-
tioned in the original description is visible, as the substance of the cast
which would have filled the apertural slit is not preserved, hence they could
not be retained. The exterior of the cast is entirely smooth, as must neces-
sarily be the case in a cast of a shell of this genus.

As this is the only cretaceous Cyprea found in the New Jersey beds
there can be no question as to its identity; and as the specimen is altogether
too imperfect for comparison with those from the more southern localities,
not affording any specific features, it will be necessary to retain the name
given to it by Mr. Gabb until other material can be obtained for compar-
ison with that one to satisfactorily determine whether it may be the same
or not.

Formation and locality: In the blue marls of the Lower Greensands,

Burlington County, New Jersey.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 121

DOLITD A.

Genus DOLIUM Lamarck.
Doxtium (DOLIOPSIS ?) MULTILIRATUM, Nn. sp.
Plate xv, Figs. 4-6.

Shell, as known from an internal cast, small, subglobose or broadly
pyriform; outer volution forming nearly the entire bulk of the shell; spire
low, rounded, the whole composed of about three whorls; sutures in the
cast quite strongly marked; beak of the last volution short and on the
hack, scarcely distinct from the marginal lip, showing the existence of only
a very short canal; aperture large, fully five-sixths as long as the entire
length of the shell; columella showing only a moderate cavity by its re-
moval, but giving evidence of a projecting part near the lower end on the
inside; otherwise the cast shows no twist of the columella; surface of the
cast marked by numerous spiral lines and furrows (about sixteen ridges can
be counted along the margin of the lip), and also by irregular transverse
wrinkles, parallel to the margin of the aperture; near the aperture, on the
last volution, a sharp constriction indicating a strong varix, as if for the
thickening of the outer lip, over which the spiral lines pass, and there is
a line of small pits, one on each rib, indicating node-like granules.

The cast presents every appearance of a species of Doliwn, as tar as a
‘ast would preserve the features of a shell of that genus. The canal, of
course, would not show the twisting or tortuous character on a cast, unless
the matrix of that part was preserved, which is not the case in the present
instance. It may be that it should be referred to Conrad’s genus Doliopsis,
but his figure would lead me to consider it much more nearly a true Doli
if there is any difference of generic importance between them. As I do
not find that Conrad even characterizes the genus, I can not tell what its
features may be except from his figure on Plate x, Fig. 15, vol. 1, Am.
Jour., Conch. ; not having seen his types, I was at first inclined to consider
this shell as congenerie with Meek’s genus Pseudobuccinum, but on remoy-
ing the inner whorls of the cast I find there is a solid axis, indicating the

existence of a true columella, although rather slender, which feature Mr.

133 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Meek states does not exist in his shell, P. Nebracensis, wpon which the
genus was founded. There is no other existing genus into which it seems
to fit as well as in Doliwm.

Formation and locality: In a hard, blackish-green pyritous marl of the
Lower Marl Beds at Freehold, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Genus FICUS Rosseau.

FICUS PRECEDENS, 0. sp.
Plate xv, Figs. 7, 8.

Shell small, pyriform; volutions about three, very ventricose, inflated
in the upper part, rapidly attenuated below and contracted to form a mod-
erately long, slender canal and beak, which is very slightly bent; spire low,
but the inner volutions distinctly showing above the outer ones, with a well
defined suture; aperture elongate-elliptical, prolonged below to the end of
the canal, which is very narrow; surface of the shell marked by twelve
principal prominent, spiral carina, between which there is in each space a
single subordinate ridge showing on the cast; toward the lower part of the
volution and on the beak they are more equal in size, and on the body of
the volution the principal carina are nodose, or serrated, from the crossing
of transverse ribs which pass across the volution in a nearly straight line
parallel to the margin of the outer lip of the aperture. In a fragment of
the matrix, from near the inner part of the outer whorl the principal spiral
ridges are seen to be sharply carinate, and the transverse strize fine and
numerous; columella without ridges or folds of any kind.

The shell has had exactly the features of the recent forms of the genus
Ficus (Pyrula pars) and the cast shows that the shell has been extremely
thin and fragile, like the living ones of the genus, with a strongly reticu-
lated surface (a part of the matrix of the spire shows it to be strongly can-
cellated). The columella has not been thickened to any degree, the space
left by the removal of the shell being very narrow and the outer surface of
it smooth. There are two or three species of gasteropods in the New Jer-
sey Cretaceous rocks, which may readily be confounded with this one if not

carefully compared, especially Perisolax retifer (— Fusus retifer Gabb), but

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 123

even this may be distinguished by the larger cavity left by the removal of
the columella, and by the greater thickness or strength of the beak. The
spiral ridges on this one are also more numerous and more sharply ele-
rated, while the decided alternation of size among them will serve as a
distinguishing feature. There is so great a similarity between this and
many Tertiary forms of the genus that I shall not attempt to institute com-
parison between them, as they would be useless as distinguishing features,
and I know of no Cretaceous species resembling it.

Formation and locality: In the marls of the Lower Beds at Holmdel,
New Jersey. From Dr. Reiley’s collections. "The marl in which it occurs
is of a ferruginous white color resembling some of the limestone nodules

from the Lower Marls.

NATICID.
Genus NATICA Lamarck.
NATICA ABYSSINA.
Plate xv, Figs. 9-12.
Natica abyssina Morton: Syn. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 49, Pl. xm, Fig. 13.
Gyrodes abyssina (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 59; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1876, p. 295.

Shell large, globose, with a flattened spire, the inner volutions of which
scarcely rise above the outer ones, and are only two and a half to three in’
number; volutions rather ventricose and erect, ovate in a transverse sec-
tion; umbilicus large and open to near the apex of the shell; aperture
ovate, two-thirds as wide as long, and a little more convex on the outside
than on the inner margin, nearly equally rounded above and below; suture
well marked and deeply impressed.

The species is represented only by casts in the New Jersey localities,
so that the features of the surface are not known from within the State.
Mr. Gabb cites it as coming from Patula Creek, Georgia, where, he says, the
surface shell is preserved, but that it is perfectly plain. A single ‘ast which
I have seen from New Jersey showed a deposit of ocher in the umbilicus
which appeared to represent the thickness of the shell in that part. It was

exceedingly thin and showed no callus or other feature of thickening.

124 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

The species was originally described from Prairie Bluff, Alabama, where
the specimens are of large size and sometimes show evidences of the shell,
which must have been of considerable thickness, as they are frequently seen
to have been perforated by a boring sponge. The New Jersey casts differ
from those of G. infracarnita Gabb, with which this species is usually con-
founded, in being less oblique, more erect, lower in the spire, the volutions
rounder and not carinate on the edge of the wide umbilicus. The evidence
of its relations to the genus Gyrodes is not very strong.

Formation and locality: Tn the ferruginous layers of the Lower Marls
at Mullica Hill, and near Burlington, New Jersey, not a very common
species; also from the same position at Tinton Falls, New Jersey. Col-

lection at Columbia College.

Genus GYRODES Conrad.
GYRODES ABBOTTII.
Plate xv, Fig. 17.
Gyrodes Abbottii Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 320 ; Meek, Check
List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

This species was described by Mr. Gabb from a single individual cast,
which retains around the summit of the outer volution remains of markings
which present the appearance of a series of undulations, or “oblique plica-
tions,” having a backward direction in their passage from the suture line
across the body of the shell. Aside from these markings there is not the
slightest difference between this and the ordinary casts of G. abyssinus Mor-
ton, either in form or bulk. The specimen is preserved in a ferruginous
gravel or very coarse iron sand, which fills the sutures and umbilical cavity,
and toa considerable extent obscures these features; so that a strict com-
parison is not possible without changing its appearance by clearing away the
adhering material. This I have not ventured to do, as the specimen is the
property of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and the change would destroy the
features upon which the author of the species founded it, which I do not
consider I have the right to do. I do not think, however, the species is a

valid one, but regard it as only an accidental form of Gyrodes abyssinus. If

the adhering material were cleaned away, I think the cast beneath would

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MAKLS. 125

be perfectly smooth on the top, as in Dr. Morton’s specimens. I have,
however, given it a distinct specific reference and place in the volume,
that, in case other specimens should be found, it may retain its individu-
ality as a species.

Formation and locality: In coarse ferruginous sand of the Lower Marls,
at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

GYRODES INFRACARINATA.
Plate xv, Figs. 13-16.
Natica infracarinata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 319,
Gyrodes infracarinata (Gabb) Meek: Geol., N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Shell, as shown by internal casts, large, depressed globular above and
truncate below by the broad umbilical area shortening the depth of the
shell; spire consisting of about four volutions, the last one of which forms
fully two-thirds of the bulk of the entire shell; volutions oblique, largest
below the middle, slightly flattened on the top adjacent to the suture, and
very strongly angular on the base bordering the very wide open umbilicus,
in which the volutions are exposed nearly to the apex; aperture large,
ovate, widest below the middle and truncate at the upper angle by the flat-
tening of the volution adjacent to the suture; columellar lip apparently
quite thin, and marked by a single spiral thread-like ridge on its inner sur-
face; outer lip sharp and thin and very strongly receding below, as seen in
a profile view; surface of the cast usually smooth, but sometimes showing
evidences of transverse striz of growth.

The New Jersey specimens of this species are all internal casts, con-
sequently the surface features are unknown. The casts indicate a strong
robust species, with rapidly increasing volutions, which are short in com-
parison to their lateral dimensions. The suture is very strongly marked,
showing considerable thickening of the shell at the junction of the volu-
tions. The features of the umbilicus are taken from specimens where the
filling of this part has been taken out of the cast and preserves the surface
markings, thereby giving the features in a perfectly reliable manner. The
examples seen from New Jersey are not as large as those of G. abyssinus

from the southern localities, but they are found having a diameter of nearly

126 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

1s inches by a height of about 14 inches.. The species differs from G.
petrosa in its greater size, more robust volutions, which are not so much flat-
tened on the upper half, thereby giving a rounder and less oblique form,
The umbilicus is also larger in proportion and the shell more angular on its
lower margin. It differs from G. abyssinus Morton in being less erect or
more oblique, and in the angularity of the margin of the umbilicus.

Formation and locality: It is found in the Lower Marls near Burlington,
and at Mullica Hill, New Jersey.

GYRODES CRENATA,
Plate xvi, Figs. 5, 6.

Natica (Gyrodes) crenata Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4,
p. 289,

Gyrodes crenata (Conrad) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 60; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 21.

Shell below a medium size, broadly patulose in form, with a depressed
spire and a very broad open umbilicus; volutions four or five, obliquely
spreading and subangular below; inner whorls scarcely raised above the
outer one, but very perceptibly distinct from the effects of a band of elevated
crenulations or transverse nodes which marks the top of the volutions just
below the suture line and forms a very decided ridge around the spiral por-
tion of the shell, rendering.the different volutions easily distinguishable;
the broad umbilicus, limited below by a narrow, elevated, rounded ridge at
the base of the volution, is also marked within by a less distinct carina
a little below the middle of its depth; aperture oblique, truncated above by
the flattenmg of the volution between the suture and the line of nodes
which marks the volutions, and somewhat angular below; the angulation
corresponding to the position of the rounded carina-like ridge at the base
of the volution; surface of the shell marked by fine lines of growth corre-
sponding to the margin of the aperture and passing over the line of nodes
on the upper surface of the volution.

The specimens of this species which I have seen do not exceed seven-
eighths of an inch in their greatest diameter, and all are more or less dis-

torted by pressure. ‘They closely resemble in form G. petrosa Morton, but

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS I 2/

have a much broader umbilicus, and are more angular at the base of the volu-
tion. ‘They correspond in nearly all particulars, as to form, with G. abyssinus
Morton's sp., but have a broader truncation or flattening of the upper surface
of the volution, are less erect in form, and differ in the crenulated sides of the
upper surface. In this last feature they correspond very closely with what
the young shell of G. Abbotti Gabb ought to be, and also in the form of the
umbilicus and obliquity of the shell, and I am not sure that they are spe-
cifically distinct, though the small number of individuals of each species
which I have seen render it difficult to determine with certainty, G. Abbotti
being a large shell. :

Formation and locality: In the micaceous clays below the Lower Marls
of the Cretaceous formation, at Haddonfield, New Jersey.

GYRODES PETROSUS.
Plate xvi, Figs. 1-4.

Natica petrosa Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 48, Pl. x1x, Fig. 6.

Gyrodes petrosus (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 61; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1876, p. 295; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21; Geol. N. J.,
Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Gyrodes alveata (Conrad) Gabb: Proc. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 295.

Natica alveata Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 289, PI.
XLVI, Fig. 45.

Shell (as seen in casts) of medium size or smaller, obliquely oval or
depressed and somewhat patulose, with a low spire; the entire adult shell
having three to three and a half volutions, the last of which forms the
greatest bulk of the shell; volutions obliquely compressed from above,
largest below the middle, often slightly flattened on the upper half and with
a distinct flattened space bordering the suture; aperture large, very oblique,
strongly receding below as seen in profile on its edge; semilunate in out-
line, rounded below and slightly acute above, somewhat modified in the
upper part by the intrusion of the preceding volution; umbilicus large,
broadly patulose within, and apparently without callus; peristome thin,
and the substance of the shell also apparently slight; surface of the shell
unknown. ;

128 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Among the examples which I have seen of this species there is but
little variation except in size, and not much in thisrespect among the adult
specimens. It is very readily distinguished from the other naticoid shells
of New Jersey, except N. abyssina Morton, by its oblique patulose form, and
from that one by its smaller size and by the flattened space below the suture,
which is a very distinctive feature as compared with any of the associated
species. The broad, open umbilical cavity which appears to have been en-
tirely destitute of callus or thickening of any kind, or even of reflection of
the columella, and with a somewhat angular margin, will also be a distinctive
mark. Externally it has some resemblance to Gyrodes Alabamiensis Whitt.,
from the Eocene, but is more oblique and not so elevated; but in the um-
bilical area it is entirely different. Perfect shells from Texas show the sur-
face to be marked only by fine concentric lines of growth. G. alveata Con-
rad? appears to be the same species, and the figure given a very good one.

Formation and locality: Dr. Morton’s type specimens were from Prairie
Bluff, Alabama, where it is not uncommon. All the New Jersey specimens
yet seen are either from Mullica Hill, near Mount Holly, or Crosswicks
Creek. It also occurs in many vlaces in Alabama, and in a very perfect con-
dition in Texas.

GYRODES ALTISPIRA.
Plate xvi, Figs. 7, 8.

Lunatia ? altispira Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 320; Meek,
Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 20.
Lunatia altispira (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

The internal casts which I have placed under this species are about
three-fourths of an inch in height, and about half an inch in diameter on the
body whorl; the form is erect and the spire elevated, with about three and
a half volutions, the last one forming two-thirds of the entire height, and
by much the greatest bulk of the shell; summit of the body volution
squarely truncate or flattened adjacent to the suture, and a little flattened
below, thus forming a rather distinct angle on the top of the volution; the

umbilicus is small, but open, and without thickening or callus; base of the

'Am. Jour. Coneh.. vol. L, p. 265, Pl. xxvuit, Figs. 9, 10.
2 Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 289, Pl. xiv, Fig. 45.

aes

TLS

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 129

volution bordering the umbilical opening obsoletely angular or very sharply
rounded; aperture elongate-ovate, widest below the middle; surface un-
known.

This species is very closely related in general form to Lunatia Halli of
the same author, but the flattening of the top of the volution separates it
from that genus, and places it in Gyrodes, as intimated by the author in the
original description of the species. It is much less common than L. Halli
and smaller in size, besides having a lower spire, and is perhaps a little less
erect, although in this latter feature they are so nearly alike that it is diffi-
cult to pronounce between them.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Mullica Hill,
New Jersey. Mr. Gabb’s types were from Crosswicks, New Jersey.

GYRODES OBTUSIVOLVA.
Plate xvi, Figs. 9-12.

? Gyrodes obtusivolua Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 320.
Gyrodes ? obtusivolva (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 1.
Gyrodes obtusivolva (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Lunatia obtusivolva (Gabb) Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p.45, Pl. 1, Fig, 11.

Shell, as known from internal casts, of moderate size, somewhat erect,
obliquely subglobose with a moderately elevated spire, whorls three or
three and a half, the outer ones flatly truncate on the top adjacent to the
suture line, the truncation being strongly marked and angular at the mar-
gin. On fully grown specimens it is nearly an eighth of an inch in width
on the outer half of the last volution; aperture oblique, ovate, widest below
and truncated above by the flattening of the upper surface of the volution;
umbilicus, as seen in the casts, small, indicating a slender, almost if not
entirely solid columella; margin of the umbilical depression not angular;
surface of the shell, as seen on fragments remaining attached to the casts,
marked by fine transverse lines of growth.

This species is closely allied to G. petrosa Morton’s sp., but is more
erect, less spreading or patulose on the last volution, and has a more ele-
vated spire and smaller umbilical cavity in the east. As seen in its usual

condition it is intermediate in form between G. petrosa and Lunatia Halli
MON XVILI——9

130 : PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Gabb, and may be distinguished from the latter by the flattening of the
upper surface of the volutions, generally seen only on the outer ones, the
others being rounded on the top, probably from the thickening of the shell
on the interior surface, and also by the very much smaller umbilical cav-
ity and lower spire. Mr. Conrad! refers the species to the genus Lunatia,
but so far as the casts show I am inclined to consider it as a Gyrodes.

Formation and locality: Mr. Gabb does not assign any locality to his
specimens under the original description, but they would appear to have
come from Mullica Hill, New Jersey. The specimens here used are from
Upper Freehold, New Jersey, and all are from the Lower Marls. Another
individual in the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. is from New Egypt, New
Jersey,

Genus LUNATIA Gray.

LuNATIA HALLI.
Plate xv, Figs. 13-16.

2? Lunatia Halli Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 391; Meek,

Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 20; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Euspira Halli Stoliczka: India Geol. Sury., Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna South. India,

vol. 2, p. 296.

Shell of moderate size, with an elevated spire composed of about four
or four and a half volutions in entire specimen, and much resembling a
Paludina in general appearance; elevation about once and a half as great as
the diameter of the last volution, and the last volution when measured on
the apertural side forms about three-fourths of the entire height; volutions
convex, not inflated, but regularly rounded, with a well marked suture in
the casts, the only condition in which they are known from New Jersey,
but which does not indicate a flattening at the top in the perfect shell; aper-
ture elongate-ovate, acutely rounded below and somewhat sharper above
than below, the greatest breadth being below the middle; base of the last
volution sharply rounding into the umbilical cavity; umbilical opening in
the cast small, not extending above the lowest volution, and showing no
evidence of any thickening or callus of any kind; surface unknown.

!Am. Jour, Conch., yol. 5, p. 45,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 131

This species is the most elevated form found in the New Jersey marls
and is at the same time the most erect. It closely resembles Gyrodes altispira
of the same author, and in internal casts can be distinguished only by the
very slight flattening of the volution adjacent to the suture, and perhaps in
a very slightly greater rotundity of the body volution of that species. So
far as can be ascertained from the specimens in hand, there has been no
thickening of the columeliar lip to form a callus or any marking on it what-
ever, and the substance of the lip has been rather thin. Mr. Gabb compares
it with N. paludineformis H. & M., from the Upper Missouri region, which
it very closely resembles, and speaks of its open umbilicus. This is not to be
considered as meaning a wide open umbilicus, but one not solid as in that
species.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Mullica Hill, near
Burlington, near New Egypt, and other places in New Jersey.

Genus AMAUROPSIS Mérch.
AMAUROPSIS MEEKANA, 0. sp.
Plate xvi, Figs. 22-25.

Amauropsis paludineformis (in part) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 38; Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 296.

Not Amauropsis paludineformis (Hall and Meek) Meek: U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr.,
Invert. Pal., vol. 9, p. 318, Pl. x1x, Fig. 15.
Not Natica paludineformis Hall and Meek: Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences,

Boston, new series, vol. 5, p. 389, Pl. m1, Fig. 3; D’ Orb., Prod. Pal., 1850,

vol. 2, p. 312.

Shell of medium size, elongate-subovate; spire moderately elevated,
only about two-thirds as high above the aperture as the length of the aper-
ture; volutions five or five and a half in the largest specimen; ventricose,
with distinct, well marked sutures, which are very slightly channeled;
body volution more distinctly ventricose than the others; axis solid; aper-
ture ovate, acute at the upper end, rounded and slightly effuse below;
outer lip thin and sharp; columella somewhat thickened by the deposit of
the lip, and grooved below the margin of the deposit, but not umbilicate;
surface of the shell marked by proportionately strong, transverse lines of

132 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

growth, which are exceedingly irregular; and also by fine, even, corrugated
spiral lines crossing them.

This species is very closely related to Amauropsis paludineformis H. &
M., but is a more robust shell, with a shorter spire and a proportionally
larger and stronger body volution. This gives it a larger aperture, more
ventricose volutions and more compact spire. The surface characters are
almost identical, but differ slightly in having the spiral lines more closely
arranged. It seems to have been generally identified with that species, but
when critically compared is found to be quite distinct, as among forms
which are so restricted in general features.

Formation and locality: Ta the micaceous clays below the Lower Green
Marls, at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

AMAUROPSIS PUNCTATA,
Plate xvi, Figs. 17-21.
Phasianella punctata Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 299,
Pl. xivinl, Fig. 3; Synopsis, p. 67.
Hutropia (?) punctata (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 18;
Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Inttorina punctata (Gabb) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Compare Amauropsis paludineformis Hall and Meek.

Shell small or of medium size, with an elevated spire which has an
apical angle of from 40° to 45°; volutions four to five in number, very
ventricose, with deep, well marked sutures, which are slightly channeled
on some of the specimens; aperture round ovate, slightly pointed above and
rounded below; rather less than half the length of the shell in casts or par-
tially exfoliated individuals; columella slender and solid, and in the cast
showing only a slight perforation from the removal of the substance of the
axis; surface of the shell marked by fine impressed spiral lines of puncta-
tions on the type specimen, but on casts or partially exfoliated individuals
this feature is not visible.

This shell may be distinguished from A. Meekana herein described, by
its more slender form, higher spire, proportionally smaller and shorter body

yolutions, and the more distinctly rounded upper volutions, the two spe-

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 133

cies when placed together being very distinct. It is very closely related
to A. paludineformis, Natica paludineformis, TH. & M., having a much greater
resemblance to it than the one herein described as A. Meekana, although
that one has been commonly identified with it. This has probably arisen
partially from the fact that this one, having originally been described
under the name Phasianella, was so far removed systematically from the
Naticidee, to which it really belongs, that it would scarcely be thought
necessary to compare them, or even occur to one to do so.

Formation and locality: In the lower layers of the Lower Green Marls,
at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TROCHID 2.
Genus MARGARITA Leach.
MARGARITA ABYSSINA.
Plate xvu, Figs. 1-5.

Solarium abyssina Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl. m1, Fig. 9.

Architectonica abyssina Gabb: Synopsis, pp. 39, 80.

Margarita abyssina (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 18; Geol.
N. J., Newark, p. 728.

Shell small, not exceeding half an inch in its greatest diameter; spire
moderately elevated, the apical angle being about 70° or 75°; volutions
four to four and a half, very ventricose, giving a circular section when
broken across; suture deep and well marked, while the whorls in the inter-
nal cast are closely appressed and slightly imbedded into each other, show-
ing the shell to be thin; also seen where the cast rests partially in the
matrix, the space left by the removal of the shell where no compression
has-occurred being barely perceptible; umbilicus broad and open, showing
several of the volutions within; surface marked by very fine, even, spiral
lines over the entire shell, with an apparent stronger line on the periphery,
and crossed by finer lines of growth which are bent backward in crossing
the volution, cancellating the surface.

In Mr. Gabb’s original description the surface structure was not given,
as he had not been able to find more than the internal cast, but among the

134 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

specimens from Burlington, where I have separated them from the matrix
so as to get the impression of the shell as left in the fine sand, they are seen
in a very perfect manner. The lines are exceedingly fine and threadlike,
but regular and distinct.

Formation and locality: As yet I have noticed the species only from the
vicinity of Burlington, New Jersey. Mr. Gabb’s specimens were also from
the same county.

Genus MARGARITELLA M. & H.
MARGARITELLA ABBOTTI.
Plate xvu, Figs. 12-15.

Architectonica Abbotti Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 321.
Margaritella Abbotti (Gabb) Meek: Check List Cret and Jur. Foss., p. 18; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Plewrotomaria crotaloides (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 69, and Cirrhus crotaloides,
p. 47.
Solariella Abbottt (Gabb) Stoliczka: India Geol. Sury., Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna

South. India, vol. 2, p. 367.

Shell of medium size, subdiscoid with a very low, depressed-convex
spire and nearly flat base; volutions four or five, rather slender, coiled
one below the other, their upper surfaces rounded, with deep suture line,
keeled on the periphery in the cast, and very depressed convex on the lower
side between the abrupt, moderate sized umbilicus and the outer angle ;
margin of the umbilicus abruptly rounded and the opening less than one-
third of the entire diameter of the shell at any given point; upper surface
of the volutions marked by closely arranged, but distinctly marked trans-
verse undulations, which extend from the suture outward to about one-third
of the width of the volution, and appear to have been directed slightly
backward in their course; surface texture of the shell composed of fine spiral
lines and finer transverse lines; section of the volution narrow ovate,
three-fifths as high as wide, rounded on the inner end and acute on the outer
margin.

The above description is taken from the Mullica Hill specimens in the
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., which are partially Mr. Gabb’s types. A comparison

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. » “135

of the above with Mr. Gabb’s description, however, will show considerable
difference between them, owing to the fact that he included two entirely
different shells under his specific name, and drew his characters partly from
each. The two shells, however, belong to entirely distinct families. He
does not appear to have noticed the transverse furrows of the upper part
of the volutions of the Mullica Hill shells, unless he included them in his
“revolving and longitudinal, depressed lines, producing a cancellated ap-
pearance,” which is not probable. This shell is readily distinguished from
the Timber Creek species, which is described in this volume under the name
Pleurotrema solariformis by the more depressed spire, absence of lateral
sloping face to the volutions, and by the form and size of the umbilicus.
Dr. Morton’s Cirrus crotaloides, Synopsis p. 49, Pl. xrx, Fig. 5, is much more
nearly related to it; but from specimens of that species from Alabama, it
differs remarkably on the basal surface, that one having a broad spreading
or open surface below.

Formation and locality: In marls of the Lower Beds at Mullica Hill,
and at Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey. I have also seen
examples of it from Prairie Bluff, Alabama, and Mr. Gabb also recognized
it from that place.

ONUSTID.
Genus XENOPHORA Fischer.
XENOPHORA LEPROSA.
Plate xvu, Figs. 16-19.

Trochus leprosus Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 46, Pl. xv, Fig. 6.

Phorus leprosus (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 85; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 18.

Onustus leprosus (Mort.) D’Orb., Prod. de Paléont., vol. 4, p. 222; Meek, Geol. N.
J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell small or below a medium size, trochiform, or broad conical; the
spire having an apical angle of less than 90°; base flat or concave, usually
more or less depressed in the center, with the margin of the volution more

136 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

or less rounded, and in old individuals sometimes distinctly rounded; casts
showing a small umbilical perforation, but the axis probably solid in the
shell; volutions probably seven or eight, but in the casts the upper ones
are usually absent and seldom show more than four or four and a half;
one small specimen retaining the upper whorls, to the number of four and
a half, measures only five-eighths of an inch in diameter. This one, if con-
tinued below to the size of the larger one figured, would possess at least
eight volutions; whorls obliquely flattened on their surfaces in the direc-
tion of the spire, with only a small portion of their edges rounded or ver-
tical, and the surface deeply and abundantly scarred by the cicatrices of
foreign substances which have been attached to the surface of the shell
during life; aperture compressed, transversely ovate or trapezoidal, and the
outer margin much prolonged

This seems to be a not uncommon shell at some of the localities of the
Lower Marls, but is seldom found except in fragments; the upper portion
nearly always being absent, and the cast often looking as if these parts had
been filled up or absorbed, rather than that the casts had been mutilated.
I presume the upper portion of the whorls were in many cases cut off by
partitions deposited across them, which would give the casts their present
appearance.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Upper Freehold;
in the brown marly layers of the same horizon near Burlington; also at
Crosswicks Creek and at Mullica Hill, New Jersey. The type of the
species was from Prairie Bluff, Alabama, from which locality I have seen
numerous specimens.

Genus ENDOPTYGMA Gabb.
ENDOPTYGMA UMBILICATA.
Plate xvil, Fig. 20.
Phorus wmbilicatus Tuomey: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 169.
Endoptygma wmbilicata (Tuom.) Gabb: Proc, Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 302.

Shell rather below a medium size, spire broadly conical, with an
apical angle of about 80°, and composed of about four volutions; base
flat or slightly concave, and in the cast showing a small open umbilical

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 137

perforation, representing the comparatively slender solid columella; the
base of the cast is marked by a rather deep, narrow, spiral groove, about
one-third to one-fourth of the width of the volution from the umbilical
cavity, marking the position of an internal spiral ridge at this point on the
inside of the basal portion of the shell; volutions flattened in the direction
of the spire, with moderately distinct suture lines separating them in the
sasts, their surfaces closely and deeply scarred by the attachment of foreign
substances to the outside of the shell during life.

This species has generally been considered the same as the Trochus
leprosus of Morton, Xenophera leprosus of this work, but was described as a
distinct species, first by Dr. Tuomey, and subsequently made the type of
the genus Endoptygma by Mr. Gabb. I do not think it is always an easy
matter to distinguish them, as the groove may not always be present, and
in other respects there are no constant differences that I can discover. On
one large cast, which I have referred to Morton’s species, there is an indica-
tion that the apertural ridge was just appearing, while in the younger
stages of the shell no evidence of its existence appears. In much younger
individuals of this form it is strongly marked. It may be that both forms
should be referred to the same species, in which case the present genus
would have to be abandoned.

Formation and locality: In marls of the Lower Beds near Burlington,

New Jersey.

SCALARIID 2.

Genus SCALARIA Lamarck.
SCALARIA (OPALIA) THOMASI?
Plate xvin, Fig. 1.
Seala (Opalia) Thomasi Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 296.

Shell slender, turreted, whorls numerous, closely coiled and very ven-
tricose, with rather close sutures, numbering seven or more in a specimen
of less than seven-eighths of an inch in length; apical angle less than 30°,
probably not more than 25°, the specimen being too imperfect to allow of
positive measurement; aperture apparently round and the base of the volu-

138 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

tion slightly carinate, and the axis imperforate; surface marked by numer-
ous slender, longitudinal ribs or varices, which are erect, closely arranged,
and directed obliquely backward in passing from the upper to the lower
side of the volutions; minute surface structure not visible on the specimen
in hand.

The specimen which I have used in the above description is quite im-
perfect, and does not possess many of the specific features of the shell
above named, consequently I am in doubt as to the correctness of the iden-
tification; but as far as the features are retained they agree very well with
those given by Mr. Gabb. Mr. Gabb’s specimen was also quite imperfect,
and were it not for his statement that it came from the white limestone, I
should have supposed this one to have been his type, as it is from the col-
lection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. This one, however, does not show any trace
of the umbilicus, nor of a thickened lip. It differs very materially from
S. Sillimani in its smaller apical angle, being a more slender shell; by its
shorter volutions and more compact form, and by the more numerous lon-
gitudinal folds or varices, they being nearly or quite double those of that
one in number.

Formation and locality: The specimen used is from dark-colored green-
sand, apparently of the Lower Marls, and is labeled “Cret. N. J., Abbott,”
below which is added in pencil ‘Scala Sillimani,” all in what I should take
to be Mr. Conrad’s handwriting. The identification with S. Sillimani is
certainly an error. Mr. Gabb’s specimen, he says, was from the white
limestone of New Jersey, which I take to be the white limestone nodules
from the Lower Marls.

SCALARIA SILLIMANI.
Plate xvi, Fig. 2.

Scalaria Sillimani Morton : Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 47, Pl. xu, Fig. 9.
Seala Sillimani (Morton) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 79; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 20.

Shell of medium size, measuring nearly one inch in length and rapidly
tapering, the apical angle being about 30° or 35°; volutions five or more,
very round and full, but closely compacted; the suture line deep and

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 139

sharp, but close; aperture (as shown on the only specimen in hand, which
is a matrix containing the shell of one side of the specimen in place and
from which a gutta-percha cast is taken for description and figure), is
round, but the margin is not preserved; surface of the shell marked by
oblique varices, which have a slightly backward direction in crossing
from the upper to the lower side of the volution; the varices are thin and
recurved, and number eight on one-half of the circumference of the last
volution, but decrease somewhat in number toward the apex of the spire;
axis imperforate, the base of the last volution bordered by a raised carina,
below which the varices do not appear to extend. So far as can be ascer-
tained from the specimen, I should judge that the varices were slightly
produced in the upper part to form subspines around the base of the pre-
ceding volution. The minute surface character of the shell can not be ascer-
tained from the specimen in use, as only the inside of the substance is
revealed, but Dr. Morton describes it as marked by “very minute spiral
striz,” which one would suppose would naturally be the case. Mr. Gabb
also speaks of it having “‘much finer” revolving striz than his Scala (Opalia)
Thomasi, which is also a New Jersey species, and says that ‘‘each rib is
reflected back into a little lip or notch at the angle of the basal carina.”

This is readily distinguished from S. annulata Morton, by the more
slender spire and by being a very much smaller shell, with an imper-
forate axis, that one having a wide, open umbilicus. The shell has so
exactly the form, taper, size, and style of varices as S. Sillimani as given
by Dr. Morton, that I have not hesitated to identify it with that species,
although the type of it was an Alabama shell. I have not seen specimens
of S. Sillimani from Alabama in a good state of preservation, however,
and may be in error.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marl near Holmdel. Col-
lected by the Rey. Dr. Reiley. Dr. Morton’s specimens were from Prairie
Bluff, Alabama, but this specimen certainly can not be distinct from the
one figured by Dr. Morton.

140 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

SCALARIA HERCULES, n. sp.
Plate xvi, Fig. 12.

Shell of large size, robust in proportions, number of volutions unknown
but compact, comparatively short, not very ventricose and closely united
at the suture lines; apical angle 20° to 25°, giving a rather elongated spire;
volutions crossed by from twelve to fourteen very strong vertical varices,
which form thick rounded ribs, rather closely arranged, and each marked
by two rounded tubercles, one just below the upper suture line and the
other near the lower suture line; also a central line of smaller ridge-like
nodes intermediate between the other two, apparent on the last volution,
marking the position of a spiral carina on the center of the volution, while
other spiral carinze cross the upper and lower lines of nodes, and on the
base of the last volution the usual carina surrounding the umbilicus is also
marked by a thickening of the vertical ribs, but without forming distinct
ribs; form of aperture and intermediate surface structure undetermined.

This species seems to be a true Scalaria and has been one of the largest
and most robust of its kind. The vertical ridges are, however, rounded,
thickened ribs, and not simply varical lips, as in very many of the recent
forms; as the varix has been filled to a solid rib before the growth of
the shell beyond it had progressed. The number of these varices also
varies somewhat on the different volutions, especially between the body
whorl and the one preceding it, as they are doubled in some places on the
former. On a second specimen the surface of the shell appears to have
been marked by closely arranged spiral lines which cross the varices, but
as both specimens used are gutta-percha casts from natural molds which are
very imperfect, these features are not as distinctly seen as would be
desirable. The larger individual must have been 4 or 44 inches in length
when perfect, with a diameter of fully 14 inches of the body volution.

I know of no other species to which this can be said to be closely
related.

Formation and locality: Both individuals are known from the matrix
only, in a hard ferruginous sandstone nedule, bearing impressions of Cypri-
meria depressa, Leiopistha protexta, and other known lower marl fossils.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 141

Found loose at Cliffwood, New Jersey, by Prof. Lockwood, and now in the
collection at Columbia College.

SCALARIA ? PAUPERATA, 0D. sp.

Plate xvi, Figs. 3-7.

Shell of medium size, turbinate, with extremely rounded volutions,
separated by very distinct and deeply marked sutures. Spire elevated, the
apical angle about 70°, and the volutions about four in number; the last
forms about one-half of the entire height of the shell, and is thickened
below by a strong callus which covers the umbilicus and connects the base
of the volution with the lip of the aperture; aperture ovate, rounded below
and slightly more pointed above, with the inner margin less strongly curved
than the outer. Surface of the shell, as seen on an imperfect specimen,
marked by vertical varices which have numbered about eleven or twelve
to the volution, are very low and subdued and scarcely lip-like in their
nature, but are marked on their surfaces by a row of pits which correspond
to a series of narrow, flattened, spiral bands, which are themselves separated
from each other by spaces about as wide as the bands. ‘Ten of these flat-
tened bands may be counted on the exposed part of the penultimate whorl.

The casts of this species, several of which have been observed, resemble
much the internal easts of a Lunatia, but have a much larger umbilicus than
any of those of that type associated in the same beds. They are palu-
dinzeform in shape, with the last volution somewhat expanded just at the
aperture, and of an ovate form. The suture between the volutions are quite
wide in the lower part, but much less so near the apex, and the surface is
smooth, being destitute of the imprints of the varices or spiral stria, and
would be very readily mistaken for those of the casts of a Naticoid shell.
I am somewhat in doubt as to the correctness of its reference to Scalaria,
but the entire peristome, as indicated by the cast, and the surface mark-
ing shown on a portion of the partial cast, together with the solid axis
of the shell, preclude its reference to any other genus or group with which
I am acquainted. The elevation of the spire is much less than is usual
among the Scalariide, but there are several forms known, both fossil and
recent, which come very near it, and some quite as extreme.

142 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the blackish layers of the Lower Green
Marls at Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey. In the collections at Rutgers Col-
lege. Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.

TURRITELLID.

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

TURRITELLA COMPACTA, 0. Sp.
Plate xvi, Fig. 8, 9.

Shell small, with very short, slender, and closely coiled but rapidly enlarg-
ing whorls, giving a rapidly increasing diameter to the shell with increased
growth. Apical angle about 15°. Volutions about eight in number in a
specimen which has been not more than seven-eighths of an inch in its
extreme length; flattened convex on their outer surface, and subangular at
the upper and lower margins, with a nearly flat base. Lower margin of
the volution proportionally larger than the upper. Suture lines between
the whorls narrow, but very distinctly marked. No surface markings
visible.

The above description is taken entirely from internal casts, which are
remarkable for their compact form and close volutions of a somewhat quad-
rangular form in the largest individual, but more rounded in others, indi-
cating, probably, a more thickened shell. None of the external features of
the shell have been transmitted to the cast; but its compact volutions will
readily distinguish it from any other form in the New Jersey beds. A single
very much crushed and distorted specimen from Haddonfield, New Jersey,
in the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., retains a fragment of shell on
one of the upper volutions showing sharply raised spiral lines to the num-
ber of six, with a finer intermediate line, and very fine transverse lines of
growth. Otherwise the cast presents the same form and features as those
described above.

Formation and locality: In marl with quartz pebbles. The specimens are
associated in the tray with examples of T. encrinoides Morton, and are marked
as coming from Vincentown, New Jersey, and collected by Col. T. M. Bryan.
T. encrinoides is from the Lower Marl Beds only, so far as known, and it is

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 143

very evident there is an error from mixture of specimens in the tray, making
the locality somewhat doubtful, as Vincentown would probably be at the
base of the Upper Marls. The Haddonfield example is from the very base
of the Lower Marls, and its position unquestioned.

TURRITELLA ENCRINOIDES.
Plate xvi, Figs. 19-22.

Turritella encrinoides Morton: Synopsis, p. 47, Pl. m1, Fig. 7; Gabb, Synopsis, p.
90; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 18; Geol. N. J.. Newark, 1868,
p. 729.

Shell much elongated and rather slender, apical angle in uncompressed
specimens from 15° to 20°; volutions compact, numbering seven in a speci-
men which measures 1} inches in length, flattened or only slightly convex
on their surfaces, with narrow suture lines in the cast and sharply angular
basal angle, but on fragments which preserve the shell in part at least, they
are slightly depressed. The surface is marked by numerous spiral lines
which vary much in size and strength, there being two principal ones, one
near the upper and the other near the lower edge of the volution, with an
indefinite number of smaller ones; aperture, as indicated by the form of
the cast, subquadrangular, nearly straight on the outer margin and angular
above and below.

The species differs quite strongly from 7. vertebroides in the form of
the volutions and the less distinctly marked sutures, and in the greater
number of spiral lines. One of the fragments used in this description and
figured on our plate appears to be that used by Dr. Morton and figured by
him. It retains the shell to some extent, but is very imperfect. Among
collections obtained from the State survey are many internal casts which
show the volutions to be more compact than in ZT. vertebroides, and very
much more angular, with close sutures and sharp upper and lower angles.

Formation and locality: Dr. Morton’s specimen is marked ‘Cretaceous,
N. J.” Under his notice of it in the Synopsis, p. 47, he says it occurs with
T. vertebroides, and although he gives it a name, gives no description or
locality except ‘“‘New Jersey and Alabama.” Other specimens in the State
collection are marked “Vincentown, N. J.,” and are from collections made

144 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

by Col. T. M. Bryan; several others are from Upper Freehold. They are
probably from the Lower Marls, but Dr. Morton’s specimen is of a rusty
character, unlike any other which I have seen, and appears as if-it had
been imbedded in a ferruginous clay. A large slab of limestone bearing
very many examples of this species as partial casts, but retaining something
of the surface markings, has recently been obtained from the clays at Say-
ersville, New Jersey, by J. H. Conger, Esq.

TURRITELLA ? GRANULICOSTATA.

Plate xvi, Figs. 10, 11.
Turritella granulicostata Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 363; Meek,
Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 18; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

The following is Mr. Gabb’s description of this shell:

Shell elongated, whorls many, increasing very gradually in size, almost per-
fectly flat on the sides. Suture impressed, very distinct; bordered below by a
slight elevation of the upper edge of succeeding whorl; lower angle of the whorl
rounded, subangular. Mouth small, subquadrate; anterior angles rounded. Sur-
face marked by about twelve fine, thread-like revolving ribs, three of which are
larger than the rest, are placed at equal distances from each other, and from the
upper and lower edges, and are slightly undulated so as to produce a series of mi-
nute nodes. This character shows itself to’a much less extent on some of the
smaller ribs. Under surface of the body volution marked by a few fine revolv-
ing ribs, with regular concavities between them.

This fragment, consisting of nearly four volutions, is all that is known
of the species. The casts referred to by Mr. William Gabb may or may
not belong to the same; we certainly do not know the casts of this one
authenticaily. The surface markings are rather those of a species of Cerith-
ium than of a Turritella, but the mouth is mutilated, so that its features
can not be satisfactorily determined.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls, most probably in
Burlington County, New Jersey. ‘The specimen is now in the collection
of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. ray

TURRITELLA HARDIMANENSIS.

Turritella Hardemanensis Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, 2d ser., p.
392, Pl. uxvint, Fig. 15; Synopsis, p. 90; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 18; Geol. N. J.. Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Mr. Meek cites this as a New Jersey species in his list as above quoted,
and in the Smithsonian check list gives only New Jersey as its habitat.
Mr. Gabb states, under his original deseription, that he has seen a ‘very
young” specimen of it in the cabinet of Mr. Lea, obtained from the Rip-
ley group, in New Jersey. This I presume means either Crosswicks, or
more probably Haddonfield, New Jersey, as Mr. Lea had specimens from
this latter place. 1 have not seen the specimen in question, and as it is
said to have been a very young specimen, fear there may have been some
mistake in the identification; especially as the species, so far as known
from the type, is a small one anyway. Young Turritellas are not the
most reliable material for specific determinations, although it is possible
that in this case it may have been correct. The beds at Haddonfield
are at the very lowest horizon yet yielding undoubted Cretaceous fossils
in New Jersey, and have lithological features remarkably similar to those
of the Ripley group of the more southern States, so there is a double
chance of error in this case.

TURRITELLA LIPPINCOTTI, n. sp.
Plate xvi, Figs. 23, 24.

Shell of medium size, rather rapidly tapering, the apical angle being
about 20° or less. Volutions flattened on the surface in the direction of
the spire, with scarcely perceptible suture lines where the shell is pre-
served, and only very moderate ones in the cast; their form in a section
being trapezoidal, the upper and lower outer angles being rather sharply
angular, even in an internal cast; basal face scarcely convex; volutions
numerous, a fragment measuring not quite 2 inches in length, with a
diameter at the lower end of five-eighths of an inch, retaining seven, with
space at the upper portion for about five more. Surface of the shell
marked, in the only specimen which preserves it, by fine rounded spiral,
thread-like lines over the entire surface.

The species resembles, in its general contour, 7. vertebroides Morton,
but tapers somewhat more rapidly. It differs from that one, and all the

MON, XVILI——LO

146 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

others with which it is associated in the New Jersey beds, in the flat-
ened volutions and in the surface characters. In some of the casts the
upper whorls are somewhat rounded from the greater amount of deposit
on the inside of the older parts of the shell, but they never attain that
degree of wide separation of the volutions, with wide sutures, that is
common in Z. vertebroides; while even in the most thickened specimens
the lower whorls show the rectangular form of the volutions, and usually
retain some evidence of the spiral lines. The general aspect as furnished
by these casts indicates a thin and rather delicate shell, instead of the
thick, heavy shell of 7. vertebroides and T. encrinoides.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks
Creek, near New Egypt; at Upper Freehold; Holmdel and Walntord,
New Jersey.

TURRITELLA VERTEBROIDES.
Plate xvii, Figs. 13-18.
Turritella vertebroides Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 47, Pl. m1, Fig. 13 ;
Gabb, Synopsis, p. 92; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 19; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.

Shell much elongated ‘and slender, the apical angle in an uncompressed
internal cast of large size being about 12°; volutions slightly convex on
the exterior, when retaining the substance of the shell, nine or ten in num-
ber, and marked on the surface by five or more sharply elevated spiral
ridges, and apparently with finer lines on the interspaces and with fine
transverse lines of growth crossing them. Sutures moderately distinct,
but not channeled or grooved. Aperture unknown. On the cast the volu-
tions are widely separated, indicating a considerable thickness of shell, and
their form is obliquely rounded, larger and subangular near the lower mar-
gin as they approach the lower end of the shell, but more distinctly circular
and proportionally more slender in the upper part; probably from the
greater thickening of the shell on the inside. The surface features are oaly
indistinctly marked on the larger part of the casts, a single spiral groove
in the upper part indicating a strong feature of the shell at this part.

The specimens of this species which retain the surface features are
very few and badly preserved, being mostly in a pyritous marl which rap-
idly disintegrates on exposure. They are usually more or less compressed

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 147

and only a small portion of the shell substance remains. The spiral lines
are usually distinct, but the minute transverse lines of growth which ought
to mark the surface are only occasionally seen. The species has apparently
reached a pretty large size, one individual having a length of considerably
more than 3 inches, and is imperfect at each end. Dr. Morton’s figure
given in the Synopsis is more rapidly tapering tnan any of the examples I
have seen. Among the specimens borrowed from the collection at Phila-
delphia there is a fragment which I supposed to be the one used and figured
by Dr. Morton. It is compressed to less than one-half of its original diam-
eter and is probably correspondingly increased in its rate of expansion, which
will in part account for the outline of his figure. The specimen is much
injured and is probably less perfect than when Dr. Morton used it. I have
attempted to give a figure of it as it now is as a record of its existence and
condition, as it will in all probability entirely decompose in a few years.

Formation and locality: Dr. Morton gives only New Jersey and Alabama
as localities. His New Jersey example is probably from Upper Freehold,
from whence I have several examples. Others are from near New Egypt,
Tinton Falls, J. Banks’s pits near Marshallville, and from J. S. Cook’s beds
near Tinton Falls, New Jersey; all from the Lower Mazrls.

Genus LAXISPIRA Gabb.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 301, Pl. xvu, Figs. 6, 7.

Mr. Gabb’s description of this genus is as follows: “Shell spiral, dextral,
whorls with a circular cross section, few in number, and so rapidly descend-
ing as to form an open spiral; aperture simple, lips thin.”

His remarks on this genus are as follows, given in full:

A curious genus, the relations of which are not clear to me. I propose it to
receive some shells which have been long known as internal casts in the marls of
New Jersey, but of which the surface was unknown until quite recently. In gen-
eral form they might be compared to a partially uncoiled Turritella. From that
genus they differ, however, in the whorls not being in contact, and from Vermetus
and the allied genera in being regular spirals, but not having the apex either tur-
ritelloid or attached. Another analogy, though perhaps only one of external
resemblance, might be adduced in such shells as Huomphalus circinalis Goldf., or
in some of the Delphinulas.

148 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Of the two figures of the only species of this genus, given by the author,
the larger one is from an internal cast of a fragment of a Turritella, prob-
ably 7. vertebroides Morton, and is given as such on our Pl. xvi, Fig. 18,
natural size; the other specimen can not be found after much search. The
specimen was quite small, being only about three-eighths of an inch in
length. It probably preserved the substance of the shell, as all the Had-
donfield specimens do, and ought not to have been misunderstood by the
author of the genus and species. It would appear to have been more
related to Vermetus than to Turritella, and I am inclined to think it only the
apex of a species of that genus, or perhaps of a Serpula. Still, as the type
specimen is lost, I suppose the generic name must stand, for the present at
least.

LAXISPIRA LUMBRICALIS.
Plate xvi, Fig. 25.
Lawxispira lwmbricalis Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 301, Pl. xv,
eye

As yet no other specimens of this species have been found than those
used by the author in the original description, and of these the larger has
proved to be only the internal cast of a Twrritella and will be found figured.
as T. vertebroides on Pl. xvi, Fig. 18. The other specimen is lost, conse-
quently I can give no description of it from personal examination. I
therefore copy below Mr. Gabb’s original description:

Shell with a circular cross section; whorls about as far apart as the diameter
of the whorls, three or four in number; surface marked by numerous small,
closely placed revolving ribs.

Mr. Gabb, in his remarks following the above description, refers the
large casts doubtfully to the same species as the ‘small specimen from the
Ripley Marls, from Haddonfield, New Jersey,” from which the deseription
was made. Mr. Gabb’s figure of the small specimen is also copied. It is
greatly enlarged from the specimen, which was only about three-eighths of
an inch in length, and probably preserved the shell. What the small speci-
men may have been I have no means of knowing other than the author’s
description and remarks, but presume it may have been the apical portion
of a Vermetus or Serpula.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 149

Formation and locality: From the base of the Lower Marl Beds at

Haddonfield, New Jersey.

VERMETID.

Genus SILIQUARIA Brug.
SILIQUARIA PAUPERATA, 0. sp.

Plate xvi, Figs. 26-28.

A few specimens only of casts of tubes referable to this genus have
come under my notice. Two of them are coiled and retain the younger
parts of the specimens, while most of them are only fragments represent-
ing medium sized parts of the tubes, or parts from the large irregularly
coiled portions. The tube is very gradually tapering, and either compactly
or loosely coiled in the upper part; but all show their relations to the genus
Siliquaria, by the narrow ridge left along the upper side of the tube by the
material which has filled the slit. There is no distinctive feature repre-
sented on the specimens by which they can be distinguished from casts of
other species of the genus; and, as no evidence of the surface characters
‘are preserved, no data for comparison is left.

Some of the specimens included under the species are marked on the
label accompanying them in the cabinet of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., as
types of Mr. Gabb’s Lavispira lumbricalis, which species is also the type
of the genus Lavispira. I can not, however, feel satisfied that they were
ever used by Mr. Gabb as such, nor do I see how he could have con-
structed the figure given of that species and genus from the specimen in
question; as there certainly is no evidence of the longitudinal striz there
represented on the specimen which I have figured on Pl. xvi, and which
is the best of those on the ecard labeled with that name, and marked
“types.”

Formation and locality: Some of the specimens are marked as coming
from Haddonfield, New Jersey, collected by T. A. Conrad; others were
associated with specimens without definite locality, but mostly Lower Marl
fossils.

150 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

EULIMIDZ.

Genus LEIOSTRACA H. and A. Adams,
LEIOSTRACA CRETACEA.
Plate x1x, Figs. 2-5.
Eulima eretacea Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 100, Pl. rx, Fig. 15.

Shell small, slender, subulate, spire very much elevated, smooth and
polished; volutions nine or more (eleven, Conrad), flattened between the
sutures, the upper edge of any volution slightly smaller than the lower edge
of the one immediately above it, making the sutures remarkably distinct
for a shell of this group; body volution rounded subangular in the lower
part and rather rapidly contracted below to the short columella; aperture
ovate-elliptical, acute above and rounded below; outer lip thin and sharp,
imner lip smooth, without callus or ridges; surface polished, entirely desti-
tute of lines or other markings. On one individual, on which the lip is broken
away for one-third of the volution, there occurs a distinct spiral ridge above
the columella proper and just below the junction of the outer lip with the
body of the volution, within the aperture.

This small but beautiful shell presents the general appearance of the
genus Hulima Risso., except that the spire is straight, and there are no evi-
dences of the periodic mouths common to that genus. In the form of the
aperture it more closely resembles Leiostraca, but the volutions are more
decidedly flattened externally between the sutures. It seems to be more
nearly related to this latter genus than to any other established one. But
if the ridge found within the aperture of one of the individuals should
prove to be a constant feature, it would deserve a separate generic name.
This ridge, cccurring as it does just below the top of the aperture on the
inner side, is peculiar, and may possibly be an accidental feature of the
individual; but I can not verify it without destroying the borrowed speci-
men. Mr. Conrad remarks under his description of the species that it is
‘distinguished by the whorls of the spire suddenly curving inward above
the suture.” This feature arises from the fact that the coiling of the volu-
tion is just below the swell of the one above, but is seen distinctly only on

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 15]

one individual. He also states that the whorls are ‘‘slightly truncated at
base except the last one.” I may misunderstand this expression, but if, as
I suppose, he means that the columella is truncated, I think he is wrong, as
there is no evidence whatever of such a feature, and I am at a loss to un-
derstand how he could determine the form of the base of the volution from
any “except the last.”

Formation and locality: From the micaceous clay at the base of the
Lower Green Marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Collection of Acad.
Nat. Sei., Phila.

PYRAMIDELLID 2.
Genus OBELISCUS Humphrey.
OBELISCUS CONELLUS, N. sp.

Plate x1x, Fig. 1. .

Shell minute, the extreme length of the only specimen known being
only about one-sixth of aninch. Apical angle 38° or 40°, giving a sharply
conical spire; volutions five in number, very slightly scaliform, with chan-
neled sutures, but with the surface of the volution flattened in the direction
of the spire; apex apparently rounded; body volution subangular at the
line of contact with the lip; aperture acute-ovate, sharp at the upper mar-
gin, and possibly pointed below (the specimen is imperfect at the base);
columella slender, rounded, slightly prolonged ; marked by a proportionally
very strong, tooth-like ridge just below the swell of the volution; outer
lip of the aperture sharp; axis imperforate; surface smooth, but not pol-
ished on the specimen, though the dullness present may be the effect of
solution.

The very small size of the specimen would indicate that it was imma-
ture, which may very likely be the case, still in this genus of shells the
generic and often the specific features are present even on very young
individuals, so that in the event of larger specimens of this one being found
they will be readily recognized. I do not know that the genus has been
recognized in the Cretaceous of this country before, although the allied

form Pyramidella is supposed to extend as low.

152 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the dark micaceous clays beneath the Lower
Green Marls at Haddonfield, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sei.
Phila., where it was found in the tray with Leiostrica cretacea Conrad.

LITTORINIDZ.

Genus MODULUS Gmelin.
MODULUS LAPIDOSA, nN. sp.

Plate xvu, Figs. 6-8.

Delphinula ? lapidosa (Mort.) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 18; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Straparolus lapidosus Gabb (in part): Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, 2d ser.,
p. 300, Pl. xtvin, Fig. 5; but not of Synopsis and subsequent publications.

Not Delphinula lapidosa Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 46, Pl. x1x, Fig. 7,
and Gabb’s Synopsis, p. 48.

Shell rather small, subdiscoid above, with a flattened or but slightly
convex spire, as seen in the internal casts, and a broadly rounded outer
margin to the volutions and very shallow base. Volutions three or more,
rather rapidly increasing in size, the last one slightly spreading at the aper-
ture. Sutures very distinct. Umbilicus moderately large and the margin
sharply carinate; also showing a strong groove along the base on the inside,
indicating the existence of quite a strong spiral ridge on the inside of the
aperture of the shell just above the base. The aperture has been propor-
tionally large, higher than, wide, obliquely subovate, rounded above and
pointed at the base of the inner lip, with the spiral ridge as above described
just above the base; surface unknown.

The casts of this species have the features of the genus Delphinula, with
the additional one of the tooth-like ridge on the columellar lip a little above
its base. In this feature it agrees most nearly with the characters of the
genus Modulus Gmelin, and none of the other features yet known to belong
to it would disagree with those of that genus. I have before me casts of
four individuals more or less imperfect, but all showing in a satisfactory man-
ner the groove left by this tooth-like ridge and the angular base of the
aperture. For this reason I conclude to place this species under the genus

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 153

Modulus, as bemg more probably its true position than elsewhere. Although
the surface characters of the shell are really unknown, there are slight evi-
dences on one of them of the shell having been thin, with a transverse
lamellose structure within and near the umbilicus. There are also faint
indications of a few distant subangular spiral ridges on and below the
periphery of the outer volution of the best cast.

This shell has been usually identified with Delphinula lapidosa Morton,
the type of which was from Alabama, and is figured on the plate with this
one for comparison. It will be seen from that, that the difference in form
of the cast, the size and character of the umbilicus, and want of tooth,
entirely separate them generically.

Formation and locality: The specimens are from the collection Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., and are marked as “Cretaceous, N. J.,” only. They, how-
ever, are evidently from the Lower Marl bed, and from their lithological
character I should say three of them were from the brown layers near Bur-
lington, and the other, the figured example, from near Mullica Hill, New
Jersey.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

Suborder EDRIOPHTHALMA.
PATELLID.

Genus HELCION Montfort.
HELCION ? TENTORIUM.
Plate x1x, Figs. 6-8.

Patella tentoriwm Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 50, Pl. 1, Fig. 11.
Helcion tentorium (Mort.) D’Orb., Prod. de Paléont., vol. 2, p. 232; Gabb, Syn-

opsis, p. 57; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 17.
Hipponyx tentorium, Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1st ser., vol. 8, p.

210.
Haleyon ? tentorium (Mort.) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell small, orbicular or subcireular in outline, being slightly longer

than wide, and measuring about half an inch in length; very depressed

154 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

conical with a slightly anterior but nearly subcentral apex which is ele-
vated above the margin equal to about one-third the length of the shell;
sides and anterior end of the shell slightly concave between the apex and
margin, and slightly convex along the posterior side. Surface marked by
elevated, rounded, radiating costee, which are rather wider than the inter-
spaces and gradually increasing in size toward the margin of the shell, but
are constantly increased in number, both by bifurcation and by implantation.
The radii are crossed by very fine concentric lines, but toward the margin
of the shell these increase in strength so as to become distinet crenulations
on the top of the radii, and are nearly or quite one-half as strong as the
radii themselves.

This shell has some peculiar features about it which makes me quite
doubtful as to its true generic relations. In the first place, the substance
of the shell is unlike that of a gasteropod, and appears almost as if it might
have been phosphatic in nature. The apex of the specimen is worn away,
and the substance of the shell partially exfoliated for some distance below,
as well as being apparently partially replaced or infiltrated with iron in the
condition of a sesquioxide. Ithas much the character of a Crania also, and
I have been strongly inclined to consider it as one, especially as it appears
to have been attached to another shell, Pecten, although this might also be
the case, perhaps, with a gasteropod of the nature of Helcion, or more par-
ticularly so of Hipponyx, to which genus it appears to have been referred
by some one, I think by Mr. Conrad, in whose handwriting, apparently,
the reference is made on the accompanying label. As it, however, is repre-
sented only by a single specimen, and that one Dr. Morton’s type, I have
not felt at liberty to manipulate it in any manner to ascertain its true nature.
It agrees, as far as the specimen shows, with the genus to which I have
referred it, except in its texture. So, for want of more definite evidence as
to its true nature, I leave it as placed by D’Orbigny.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marls near Arneytown, New Jer-
sey. The specimen is the property of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 155

Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.
Order TECTIBRANCHIATA.
TORNATELLIDZ.
Genus AcT&ON Montf. (=Tornatella Lam.)
ACTON SUBOVOIDES, n. sp.

Plate x1x, Figs 14-16.
Shell longitudinally subovate, with a very short, obtuse spire; num-
ber of volutions undeterminable from the imperfection of the specimen;
body volution gently convex and constituting the greater bulk of the speci-
men; aperture elongate elliptical, fully three times as long as wide, rounded
below and acute above, measuring about four-fifths as long as the body
volution, taken on the same side as the aperture; columella, as seen in the
casts, apparently marked by two folds, both of which are rather obscure
and seen only as slight impressions on the surface of the columellar cavity,
and quite high, so as to be invisible in a drawing of the aperture; surface
marked by rather fine, spiral lines, coarser on the lower part than above,
and the surface of the cast marked by a rather broad depressed spiral band
or groove, a little below the suture. Indications of transverse lines of
growth are extremely faint.

This species approaches most nearly to A. Forbesi, but differs in the
general form, being more oval and less heavy below, and in the upward
length of the aperture, which is not nearly so high as in that one. It also
differs very materially in the form and position of the fold of the columella,
which will be readily seen on comparing the figures.

Formation and locality: The specimen came to me from the Acad. Nat.
Sei., Phila., where it was found with an old label indicating it as a type of
A. ovoides Gabb, and at first was used under that title, although differing
very materially in proportion from the measurements given by Mr. Gabb.
Subsequently the true type of that species was discovered with the author's
own label, and was found to be very distinct from this one, and is an

Avelana, consequently leaving this to be classed as a new species. The

156 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

label found with this one indicated no locality, but from the character of
material it would appear to have come from Mullica Hill, New Jersey, and
consequently would pertain to the Lower Marl Bed.

ACTON GABBANA, 0. Sp.

Plate x1x, Figs. 23-25.

Acteonina biplicata (M. & H.) Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 93,
Pl. um, Hig. 13:

Solidula biplicata (M. & H. sp.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 38.

Solidula biplicata (Gabb) Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. it; Geol. N.
J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Acteon biplicata (Gabb sp.) Meek: U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, Invert Pal., pp.
281, 282.

Shell of medium size, elongate ovate or subcylindrical in outline, spire
moderately elevated, entire length and number of volutions unknown.
Body volution cylindrical in the upper half, obtusely rounded below. Ap-
erture narrow, pointed and very contracted above and rounded below, about
four-fifths as long as the length of the body volution, measured on the same
side. Columella slightly twisted below and marked by a single tooth near
the base, as determined by the groove showing onthe cast. Surface of the
shell marked by fine spiral lines, the number undeterminable from the speci-
mens examined.

The species is known only from two individual casts, both of which
appear to have been used by Mr. Gabb in his original investigations. I
can not, however, ascertain the existence of more than a single tooth on
the columella from the specimens, as they show only a single groove left
by the removal of the substance of the shell. The specimens are also both
imperfect in the upper part of the spire, so that the entire height is not
ascertainable. The shell is, however, so distinct in its proportion from any
other from the New Jersey formations, that there is no chance of confound-
ing it with them. There appears to have been some confusion in the author’s
mind in regard to the specific relations of this shell, when the name
Actonina biplicata was applied; and also subsequently, as he refers it to a
species described by Meek and Hayden from Nebraska. These latter

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. W597

gentlemen, however, disclaim the responsibility of the name, and as none
such appear in any of their works, we can only conclude that Mr. Gabb
was in some way confused, as suggested by Mr. Meek in his Invert. Pa-
leont. of the Territories, that Mr. Gabb intended to refer it to A. attenuata;
but it certainly is a very distinct species and can never have had so ele-
vated a spire as that one. As the name 4d. biplicata has been previously
used by D’Orbigny for a very distinct species, and as this one appears to
be a true Act@on, I see no way to avoid a change of name in this case,
and therefore propose the name Acteon Gabbana as a substitute for that
used by Mr. Gabb.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls. The specimen is
labeled “Tinton Falls, New Jersey,” and is from a green marl, and may
have come from below the middle marl bed at that place. In the col-
lection Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila.

ACTON FORBESIANA, n. sp
Plate x1x, Figs. 17-22.

Tornatella, Lyell and Forbes: Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. 1, 1844, p. 63,

Fig. c.

Shell of about a medium size for the genus, broadly ovate or ovoid
in outline, spire short, obtusely rounded, middle portion of the shell sub-
eylindrical and the base obtusely pointed, having nearly the same angle
as that of the spire. Volutions from four to five in number, closely coiled
and rising but slightly one above another; body volution very slightly
chamfered just below the suture, presenting an almost imperceptible angle
a little below the suture, below which it is nearly cylindrical to below
the middle of its length, and obtusely pointed at the lower extremity.
Aperture two-thirds the length of the shell, and considerably longer than
the diameter of the body volution, very narrow at the upper part, but
gradually widening below, rounded in front. Columella comparatively
strong, bearing a single oblique ridge near the middle of its length, and
having the margin thickened below it, and around the base of the aper-
ture, as seen by the impression of these features on the internal casts.
Surface of the casts marked by rather fine, closely arranged, spiral lines,

158 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

which may have been punctate on the shell, as on one of the casts there
are indications of such a feature having existed; this, however, is by no
means certain. No transverse markings, other than perhaps fine lines of
growth, are indicated on any of the specimens present.

The species differs from any of the associated forms in the propor-
tions of the shell, being much more robust than in Acte@on Gabbana, and
much less so than A. bullata. In fact it is of a very different type from
the latter species. It bears some relation to Acteon ovoidea Gabb, but is
a much shorter and smaller species, and has been entirely destitute of the
broad longitudinal ribs credited to that one; nor has it had a second fold
on the columella in advance of a “large broadly rounded” one as de-
scribed on that shell, the fold being quite faint and slight on all the
specimens examined. The figure given by Lyell and Forbes above cited
is quite characteristic, and shows a somewhat larger individual than any
which I have seen.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Mr. C. Bruere’s
pits, near Walnford, New Jersey, and probably from Crosswicks Creek,
and in the white limestone layers at Marlborough, New Jersey; the lat-
ter two localities I assign to some specimens in the cabinet of the Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., from their lithological characters; no locality further than
“N. J.” being found with them.

ACTAON CRETACEA.

Plate x1x, Fig. 9-12.
Acteon cretacea Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 318; Meek, Check

List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 17; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.
Compare A. ovidea Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 319.

Shell smaller than that of A. ovoidea, but very similar inform and
proportions, being somewhat more pointed below the middle and at the
base. There is considerable difference between the descriptions of the two
species as given by Mr. Gabb, and it is extremely difficult to tell which of
the forms he has had in hand when writing them, except for the difference
in size; for a part of each description applies best to one and the other
part to the other, in each case; while I am strongly inclined to consider

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 159

them identical, I have taken them as they are identified and labeled in the
collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and partly from his descriptions. In his
comparisons under A. ovoidea he says that species can be distinguished from
this one by “the proportionate length of the mouth, and narrowness of the
body whorl, and the acute upper edge of the whorl.” The proportional
length of the mouth is nearly as given in his description, i. e., less in this
one. The volutions are more acute also in that one, while the proportional
diameter of the body volution of the two species is very nearly the, same
in both. The width of the aperture is also greater here than in A. ovoidea;
in these respects they nearly agree with his statements. The author
remarks that in this species (4. cretacea) there are two folds on the colum-
ella,” the upper one heavy and rounded, lower or anterior one obsolete.”
If the lower one is obsolete, which it certainly is in the specimen here used,
which is one of the types, it can not exist; therefore there is only one, and
not two as he describes. In the other species a similar error is made, as to
the relative size of the folds as the anterior one is barely distinguishable
on the specimen, which is also one of those used in the original description.
Mr. Gabb also states that on one of the casts of this species ‘the colum-
ellar edge of the body whorl” “is marked by acute angular striz, one
branch extending directly upwards on the outside of the whorls [inside of
the shell], and soon becomes obsolete; the other branch runs into the
columellar cavity.” This feature I can not understand, as the specimen is
not before me, but I think that by some accident the description in this
connection has become mutilated in the printer’s hands, and has escaped
notice in proof-reading. In remarks below the description he states that
from a cast of the surface he believes the exterior to be smooth. As it
appears that I have not seen all the specimens used by the author, I have
retained the name of the species and its identity, thinking it probably may
be satisfactorily identified at some future time.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marl at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

160 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Genus GLOBICONCHA D’Orb.
GLOBICONCHA (TYLOSTOMA) CURTA.
Plate x1x, Figs. 26, 27.

Globiconcha curta Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 319; Meek, Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Mr. Meek cites this as a New Jersey species in his list, given in the
Geol..N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728, but gives no authority for its occurrence.
Therefore I must suppose he had himself identified it among New Jersey
fossils. The species was originally described from specimens obtained from
Comanche Peak, Texas, and is a form which I have not seen represented
from localities north of that State. The species is a small globose one, rep-
resented only by internal casts, and seldom exceeding five-eighths of an inch
in extreme length. The specimens are always slightly compressed and are
usually marked by a more or less distinct varix on each side of the
spire, one of them being on a line with the outer lip of the aperture, showing
that they belong to the genus Tylostoma Sharp. The varices are, however,
often, and perhaps generally, stronger on one side than on the other. The
volutions are about four in number and quite ventricose, the last one forming
the greater bulk of the shell. I have not been able to determine if there is
any ridge or tooth in the aperture other than that formed by the last varix
on the volution, which enters the aperture just above the base of the lip.
The examples which I have examined are from Bell County, Texas, and do
not show any remains of surface structure; but the form of the shell is so
peculiar that there will be but little risk of mistaking it, should specimens
of it be found among the casts from within the State. - I have given a figure
of the Texas shell for the purpose of aiding in its determination, should it be
found, seeing that it has already been given in the State reports as a New
Jersey species by so good an authority as Mr. Meek.

iA

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 161
Genus CINULIA Grey.
CINULIA (OLIGOPTYCHA) NATICOIDES.
Plate xrx, Figs. 28-30,
Acteonina naticoides Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 299,
Pl. xvi, Fig. 2; Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.
Solidula naticoides Gabb: Synopsis, p. 38.

Cinulia (2) naticoides (Gabb) Meek: Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 16;
Stoliczka Ind. Geol. Surv., Pal. Indica, Cret. Fauna South. Ind., vol. 2, p. 411.

Shell small, less than half an inch in height; globular in outline and
consisting of about three volutions. Spire low, nearly conforming to the
rotundity of the body volution; columella short, axis imperforate in the
shell, aperture ovate, moderately large, widest below, about two-thirds as
high as the body volution; outer lip thickened and strongly crenulate within.
Columellar lip said by Mr. Gabb to possess “two plates,” but upon the casts
before me I can not find evidence of more than a single one, and that one
projects horizontally to a considerable distance from the columella. Surface
of the shell marked by closely arranged, spiral lines, of which twenty-eight
to thirty may be counted on the body volution. These lines on the east
are rounded, elevated ribs, separated by equally wide concave grooves.

This is a remarkably pretty species even in the condition of internal
casts, the only state of preservation in which I have seen it. It somewhat
resembles Act@on concinnus H. & M., from the Upper Missouri Cretaceous,
but is very much larger than any of that species which I have seen, and
has the mouth very much wider in proportion. The surface of this shell
may have had the lines punctured as in that one, but there is no distinct
evidence of it on the several casts examined; although there is a tendency
to a crenulation of the ridges, which appears to have been caused by trans-
verse lines of growth parallel to the margin of the aperture. It corresponds
very much more closely to A. concinnus M. & H. than Mr. Gabb supposed,
as it has but one tooth, instead of two as he stated, unless he had a different
species in hand, which is seareely possible. Most of these casts show only
a slight ridge in place of the tooth, but a single cast, figured, shows the
cavity unmistakably.

MON. XVIII——11

162 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Marl beds in Monmouth County.
Mr. Gabb’s specimens were from Mullica Hill, New Jersey, and there are
specimens in the collection Acad. Nat. Sei, Phila., from near Burlington,

New Jersey.

CINULIA OVOIDEA.
Plate xx, Figs. 5, 6.

Acton ovoidea Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 319; Meek, Check
List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 17; Geol., N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell rather large, broadly ovoid or subglobose in general form, with a
moderately elevated spire, which is rounded rather than pointed; volutions
about four or perhaps four and a half, with distinctly marked sutures in the
cast; body volution large, forming almost the entire bulk, and about nine-
tenths of the entire height of the shell, quite convex in the middle and
slightly pointed below, with a broad depressed, obscure furrow below the
top; aperture large, rather more than three-fourths as long as the principal
volution on the apertural side of the shell, pointed at the upper end, and
moderately increasing to below the middle of its length; obtusely pointed
below but wider than above. The columella has been strong, judging from
the size of the perforation left by its removal, and furnished with a single
moderately strong tooth near the middle, with an indistinct line below just
above the margin of the aperture; surface of the shell marked, as obscurely
indicated on the cast, by a few rather broad spiral lines, the upper one on
one specimen haying quite a distinct depression below the upper margin,
except on the outer half of the last volution, and is probably the result of
accident.

This species is most nearly related to Solidula bullata — Tornatella? bul-
lata Morton, in size and general form. It is, however, somewhat more
erect, has a rather higher spire, coarser surface markings; is somewhat less
ventricose, has a stronger columella, which is marked by only a single spiral
ridge of less size than on that species. There is also no indication of the
extension upward of the last volution near the aperture, as shown on speci-
mens of that species, nor of any thickening of the outer lip. It is readily
distinguished from any of the others from New Jersey except A. cretacea

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 163

Gabb, from which it is very difficult to distinguish it. The specimens of
that species used by Mr. Gabb are, however, a little more slender or pointed
in the lower part.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

Genus AVELLANA D’Orb.

AVELLANA BULLATA.
Plate xx, Figs. 1-4.
Tornatella ? bullata Morton: Synop. Org. Rem. Cret., p. 48, Pl. v, Fig. 3.
Solidula bullata (Morton) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 81; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 17; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell large for the genus, attaining fully an inch in length; very
globose, the diameter being nearly as great as the height, at least equal-
ing seven-eighths of the height. Spire low and rounded, and the base
only slightly more pointed. Volutions between three and four in num-
ber, the outer half of the last one more abruptly deflected downward at
the suture than the preceding ones, but again elevated near the aperture.
Aperture narrow, pointed above and widest below and rounded; the length
equal to about four-fifths of the entire length of the shell; columellar
margin thickened and marked by horizontal ridges on the upper two-
thirds of its length, and by two very strong, ridge-like teeth or plica-
tions below the middle, the upper of which is the stronger. Base and
outer lip slightly thickened. Surface of the shell, as shown on the cast,
marked by fine spiral lines, and by transverse lines of growth. Of the
spiral lines about thirty may be counted on the outer half of the body whorl
of the larger individual, those near the base being coarser than those above,
but gradually becoming fainter in strength. On one of Dr. Morton’s types
the transverse lines are regular and but little less strongly marked than the
spiral lines, so that the surface under a glass looks to be cut up into small
nearly equal solid nodes.

The species is remarkable for its large size and globose form, and also
among the New Jersey forms for the strong columellar folds or plaits, the
upper of which is much the largest. The horizontal line-like granules of

164 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the columellar lip are also somewhat remarkable, and would seem to ally
the shell with the genus Cinulia Grey as nearly as with Solidwa. In facet,
I have been strongly inclined to place it under that genus. The deflection
of the upper margin of the outer half of the body whorl, by which a very
much greater proportion of the preceding whorl is exposed on that side, is
also a marked feature.

Formation and locality: Dr. Morton gives only “‘New Jersey” as the
locality. he specimens are from a brownish marl with green grains, and
resembles that of the brown beds near Burlington and Mullica Hill, New
Jersey, and I think are most probably from the former place. I have not
seen any other specimens than the types, which are from the collection
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

CYLICHNID.

Genus CYLICHNA Loven.
CYLICHNA RECTA.
Plate xx, Figs. 10, 11.

Bulla recta Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 302, Pl. xLVvmI,
Fig. 16; Fig. 17 on Plate.

Cylichna recta Gabb: Synopsis, p. 47; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p.
16; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell small, measuring only about half an inch in extreme length, form
cylindrical, largest below, with nearly straight sides; spire deeply sunken
in the cast; aperture large and the lip nearly straight on the sides, but
gradually expanding below; columella curved; surface unknown.

This small species is the only one yet found in the New Jersey Creta-
ceous, and appears to be very rare, as the type specimen is the only one yet
known, so far as I have been able to learn. Mr. Meek has recognized two
species in the western Cretaceous, C. scitula and C. volvaria, the latter doubt-
fully a Cylichna, and Dr. Shumard described three species from Texas, but
none of them is nearly related to this one, in which the sides are so dis-
tinctly flattened that it can not be well mistaken.

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 165

Formation and locality: Mr. Gabb says the specimen was from the Green
Marls in Burlington County, New Jersey. The specimen belongs to the col-
lection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

BULLIDE.

Genus BULLA Linneus.
BuLLA MoRTONI.
Plate xx, Figs. 7-9.

Bulla Mortoni Lyell and Forbes : Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. 1, 1845, p.
63, Fig A; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 41; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss.,
p. 16; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell rather above a medium size in the larger individuals, two of the
casts before me measuring almost 14 inches in length, with a transverse
diameter of three-fourths of an inch. Form, elongate oval, almost equal in
size above and below the middle, the upper end perceptibly the smallest,
and the point of greatest diameter rather below the middle of the length.
Upper end slightly truncate, and in the cast rather strongly perforate, indi-
cating a solid axis or spire of considerable dimensions, the outer lip of the
aperture rising somewhat above the truncation; aperture very elongate,
‘narrow, and rounded above, scarcely widening for the upper third of its
length, then rather rapidly expanding below, but principally on the inner
side, to twice the width at the lower third of that of the upper third of the
length; base pointedly rounded and projecting considerably below the
opposite part of the body whorl. Columella thickened and showing slight
indications of an angularity on its inner edge, not visible except with a
glass, looking within the cavity, then only on the larger well preserved
specimens. Surface marked throughout with fine, nearly equidistant, spiral,
depressed lines and obscure transverse undulations of irregularity of growth.

This shell was described by Lyell and Forbes as long ago as 1843, and
an excellent figure given of a medium-sized individual. It is readily dis-
tinguished from B. conica, herein first described, by the point of greatest

diameter being nearly centrally located, while in that one it is at about the

166 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

lower third of the shell’s length, giving it a subconical or truncato-conical
outline, very readily distinguished in comparison with the form of this
species.

Formation and locality: tn the blackish green marls of the Lower Marl
Bed, at Crosswick’s Creek, New Jersey; collection at Rutgers College, col-
lected by Dr. N. L. Britton; and also from the collection Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., but without any indications of locality other than ‘“ Cret. N. J.”

Class SCAPHOPODA.

DENTALIID A.
Genus DENTALIUM Linneus.

DENTALIUM SUBARCUATUM.
Plate xx, Figs 19-24.
Dentalium subarcuatum Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 2, Pl.

xxiv, Fig. 13; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 49; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 17; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 728.

Shell small, and as seen in casts, the usual condition in which it is
found, slender and round, very gradually tapering and very gently arcuate
throughout its length. A specimen 1 inch long measures only one line in
diameter at the larger end, and less than half that at the smaller end. Along
the dorsal line of the cast there is a rounded elevated ridge, with a flat-
tened area on each side of it, traversing the entire length, and also in some
cases a depressed line a little distance from the ventral center on each side,
and more seldom other depressed longitudinal lines between these and the
dorsal line. On still other* casts the dorsal line or ridge is only faintly
marked, and all others obsolete, leaving the cast comparatively smooth.
On a specimen which preserves the substance and shows the surface strue-
ture about the same proportions or rate of increase is shown, allowing for
its partially compressed condition. On the posterior two-thirds of the
length the surface is longitudinally lined with sharp distinct ridges, with
broad flattened interspaces. Seven of the ridges can be seen on one side of
the specimen, as it lies in the marl, indicating the existence of twelve or

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 167

fourteen on the entire shell. On the larger or outer third of the shell’s
length the surface is marked only by fine transverse lines of growth, the
longitudinal ridges becoming obsolete below and the shell presenting a semi-
polished structure. No slit or groove can be detected in the shell, or indi-
vation of such feature on any of the casts, consequently the shell appears
to be a true Dentalium. On the interior of a second specimen which pre-
serves the shell and is broken so as to give a good transverse section, the
longitudinal groove on the dorsal side, which gives rise to the ridge and
flattened spaces, as described on the internal casts, is clearly shown.

Species of this genus are so numerous and their features so similar,
that without nearly perfect specimens for comparison, differences or similar-
ities can not well be established or described; therefore, not having such in
hand, I shall not attempt to point out those in which this species differs
from others.

Formation and localities: Tn the Lower Green Mar]s at Mulliea Hill, and
in the mieaceous clays at their base at Crosswicks and Haddonfield, New
Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

DENTALIUM RIPLEYANUM.
Plate Lx1x, Fig. 48.
Dentalium Ripleyanwm Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4; Syn-
opsis, p. 49.

This species is cited by Mr. Gabb from New Jersey, on p. 49 of his
Synopsis. I have not been able to find his description of the species, and
have seen no specimens which I could identify with it. The species is
named Lipleyanum probably from the locality, or possibly it may have come
from Eufaula, Alabama, which is of the Ripley group. If the species occur
in New Jersey at all, it would probably be found at Haddonfield or at
Croswicks Creek in the dark micaceous clays at those localities, as these
layers are apparently equivalent to the Ripley and Eufaula beds. The
species appear to be a small, very slender and almost sharply pointed one,
with about eight or ten longitudinal ridges, judging from his figures. I
think it very probable it may have been seen in the Haddonfield layers, as
it would be very likely to occur there, and if collectors at that locality

would make a thorough search in these lowest beds of the formation, they

168 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

would probably be rewarded by many new and hitherto unrecognized

forms.
Genus FALCULA Conrad.

Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, p. 77.

The peculiar shells, or rather internal casts of shells, upon which
this genus was founded, have all the appearance of shells of the genus
Dentalium except in the greater curvature, and were originally described as
such. At the time Mr. Conrad proposed to separate them as a distinct
genus, he states that ‘under a lens this cast shows a minute, very closely
granulated surface, slightly iridescent.” He further states that ‘this char-
acter, together with the expanded base, renders it doubtful whether this
shell belongs to the family Dentaliide.” I have in my hands the specimen
from the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., which I suppose to be those
used by Mr. Conrad and which are the only ones known to me; but I can
not find the peculiar structure of which he speaks. Nor does the expansion
of the aperture mentioned seem to me to be more than would be pre-
sented on a cast of a thickened tube by the rounding out, or rapid decrease
in thickness, of the shell at the aperture. In vol. 5, Am. Jour. Conch., p.
45, under the original description of the species, Mr. Conrad says: ‘There
is one other similar species in India, D. hamatum.” This latter species,
described by Forbes in the Trans. Geol. Soe., London, vol. 7, p. 138, is
said by Dr. Stoliczka to prove to be only a cast of a longitudinally ribbed
species of Serpula, on the examination of the type specimen. Consequently
it can scarcely be generically identical with this one. Mr. Conrad has also
created some confusion in regard to the specific name of this shell, as he
originally described it as Dentalium falcatum, and when making his genus,
changes the name to Falcula hamatus without the slightest reference to or
reasons for changing the specific name; but shows it to be the same by his
references to the same page, plate, and figure where his D. falcatum is
given. It may be thatin the shells themselves the curvature, coupled with
some at present unknown feature, would distinguish them as generically
separable from the true Dentalia, but I see no reason, as far as the casts show,
for considering them different from shells of that genus, except the greater
and irregular curvature.

Ss

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 169

DENTALIUM (FALCULA) FALCATUM.
Plate xx, Figs. 12-18.

Dentalium faleatum Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 44, Pl. m, Figs. 12, 16.

Dentalium (?) hamatus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol..6, p. 77.

Faleula hamatus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, p. 77.

Not Dentaliwm hamatum Forbes: Trans. Geol. Soc., London, vol. 7, p. 138, Pl.
Xv, Fig. 8.

The casts on which this species was founded are small, cylindrical,
gradually tapering and strongly curved, with a decreasing curvature as they
increase in size, the smaller extremity being very much more curved than
the larger parts, where in age they become nearly straight. No indications
of a slit, lobation, or ridges mark the casts in any part of their length. A
partially exfoliated specimen, preserving a single layer of the shell sub-
stance over a part of its extent, shows simply very fine transverse striz,
with an indication of a polished interior surface during the life of the
animal.

This very peculiar species presents all the ordinary features of a Den-
talium as far as the casts of the interior could preserve them, except in its
great and unequal curvature, which is gradually decreasing in extent from
the apex to the outer end. In the extent of curvature and in the rate of
increase in diameter the different specimens vary considerably.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls, at Crosswicks, New
Jersey. Other fragments occur associated with fragments of Teredo tubes,
but without locality marked on them, which may be from other places.
Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

Genus DipLoconcHa Conrad.’
Geol. North Carolina, vol. 1, 1875, W. C. Kerr. Appendix by T, A. Conrad, p. 12.

Mr. Conrad bases this genus on a shell from the Cretaceous formation
of North Carolina, which he describes as follows: ‘Shell composed of two
’ }

adhering tubes, one resting in a furrow on the side of the opposite tube.”

'Tn placing this genus and species here among the Mollusca of the New Jersey formations, I am
not to be supposed as considering it molluscan in nature. Mr. Conrad described it as a mollusk, how-

ever, and the name will be sought there by others, should more specimens be discovered.

170 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

He remarks, that, among the several specimens found, “none was found

’

attached to shells or other substances,” but admits that none was found
entire. He does not state that any internal connection exists between the two
shells, and from his figures one would infer they were separate tubes merely
united by their external surfaces, but in close contact, and probably through-
out their entire length. I do not think the twin feature a good generic one,
unless there had been some internal connection between the inhabitants of
the tubes, but none appears to have existed so far as can be judged from the
figures, or from the author’s description or remarks; therefore I think the
twinning of the shells either an accidental feature or not more than a specific
character, and presume the species is only a form of Serpula. Among the
fossils from the Cretaceous of New Jersey I havea specimen which closely
resembles Mr. Conrad’s figured specimen, except in that it is not merely —
attached to, but appears to have been partly imbedded in the substance of
a shell of Plagiostoma dumosum. 'The tubes, however, are clearly united and
conform to each other in curvature throughout a part of their length, and I
presume were specifically related to the North Carolina forms. Until better
evidence of the generic validity of the shell is obtained, I shall class this
one under Serpula, retaining Mr. Conrad’s name parenthetically for the
present. I have tried to obtain the loan of the type specimen of the genus
from North Carolina, but owing to the absence of persons having charge of
the collections to which it belongs, I have not been able to see it.

DIPLOCONCHA (SERPULA ?) CRETACEA?.
Plate xx, Fig. 25.
Diploconcha cretacea Conrad: Geol. North Carolina, vol. 1, 1875, appendix, p. 12,
Pl. 1, Fig. 26.

Tubes apparently duplicate, the two nearly conforming to each other
in curvature; in contact, at least for a portion of their length, irregularly
arcuate and very slightly increasing in diameter; surface lamellose where
partially exfoliated and apparently concentrically and longitudinally lined
where pertect.

The specimens have the appearance of Serpula tubes and, in their

earlier stages of growth, have been recumbent upon or imbedded in the sub-

GASTEROPODA OF THE LOWER GREEN MARLS. 171

stance of a Plagiostoma or Dianchora, and probably numbered more than
two on the shell when living, as there are remains of smaller specimens
besides the two of large growth. The shells are mostly exfoliated and show
a strongly lamellose structure, as if made up of a succession of layers one
over the other from the inside. Where broken through they are of consid-
erable thickness, and in this respect differ from the type specimens as
described by Mr. Conrad as fragile. It may be that I have wrongly iden-
tified the specimens, but the similarity between them is so great that I have
not felt safe in considering them as distinct from Conrad’s species.

Formation and locality: In the blackish layers of the Lower Marl Beds,
at Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey.

EXTRA LIMITA.

Neptunea impressa Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, 2d ser., p. 389.
Pl. txvu, Fig. 5.

This species was described by Mr. Gabb, from Hardeman County,
Tennessee, from the Ripley group, and cited in his synopsis of the Creta-
ceous formations as coming from New Jersey (see p. 62). I have not seen
among the casts from New Jersey any one which could reasonably be con-
sidered as identical with the specimen which Mr. Gabb has figured.
Anisomyon borealis=Hipponyx borealis Mort. See Gabb’s Synopsis Cret. Foss.,

p. 38.

I can find no other evidence of this species having been found in New
Jersey than the reference in Mr. Gabb’s synopsis. It has probably occurred
by mistake in looking at Dr. Morton’s original description, where he men-
tions having described another species of the genus Hipponyx from New

Jersey.

SEOTLION IT.

CRETACEOUS GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE MARL BEDS OF NEW
JERSEY.

MURICID.

Genus PERISSOLAX Gabb.
PERISSOLAX TRIVOLVA.

Plate xx1, Figs. 1-3.
Fusus trivoluus Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94.

Perrissolax trivolua Gabb: Synopsis, p. 67; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 23; Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 730.

Shell of medium size, ventricose, with a long, straight canal, once
and a half as long as the length of the inner part of the body whorl
above it. Spire very low, broad, conical; the apical angle being from 100°
to 110°, the top of the volutions flattened in the direction of the slope of
the spire, and the inner volutions barely rising above the outer ones. Body
whorl flattened on the periphery, forming a nearly vertical, flattened band
of considerable depth, below which a second obliquely flattened space of
somewhat less width occurs, thus forming the three angles on the body of
the whorl from which the name was derived. Below the lower angle
the surface slopes rapidly to the long, slender canal and beak. Aperture
large, angular on the outside and contracted below at the canal, strongly
modified on the inner margin by the preceding volution. Volutions faintly
marked by distant varices and along the upper carina by a series of thin,
rather closely arranged transverse nodes. No fine surface markings or
spiral lines are perceptible on any of the specimens, all of which are internal

casts ina rather coarse yellow lime sand.
172

GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE GREEN MARLS. 173

This is a well marked species and easily distinguished from any other
shell in the Cretaceous beds of New Jersey; even when without the long
beak the three very well marked carinze form a distinguishing feature, and
the low sloping spire also is different from that of any other shell associated
with it. The absence of surface or spiral striz on the specimen is by no
means a certain indication that none have existed, as they are all internal
casts, and in a matrix that would scarcely preserve them. Mr. Gabb does
not mention, nor does his specimen show the small transverse nodes around
the upper carinze, but on another example they are very easily distinguished.
On the second specimen mentioned the apex of the spire is broken, but
there is good evidence preserved to show that it was mammillated.

Formation and locality: In the yellow limestone sand of the Middle
Marls, at Timber Creek, New Jersey. In the State collection at Rutgers
College, collected by Dr. N. L. Britton. Also Acad. Nat. Sei, Phila., and
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

VOLUTIDZ.

VOLUTODERMA ABBOTTI.
Plate xx1, Figs. 4-9.
Volutilithes Abbottii Gabb : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 94, Pl. u, Fig. 7;

Synopsis, p. 93.

Volutilithes (2?) Abbottii Gabb: Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 21 ; Geol.
N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 729.
Volutomorpha Abbottii Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 293.

Shell of medium size, elongately oval in general outline, with a very
short spire and large body volution which forms nearly the entire bulk of
the shell, and which is nearly evenly convex above and below the middle.
Volutions about four in number; suture line not very distinct. Aperture
long and narrow, rather more than two-thirds as long as the shell, and
pointed above and below. Columella comparatively strong, marked by
three or four very oblique folds of moderate strength. Surface of the shell
unknown, all the specimens recognized being internal casts.

There is considerable resemblance between this species and Voluto-
derma biplicata Gabb, unless we restrict both species to the type specimens.

174 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

In this case this one is very much more slender than V. biplicata and par-
ticularly distinct in being less ventricose above the middle of the volution,
with a more elevated and less ventricose spire. But among the casts pres-
ent in the collections of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and Rutgers College,
there are numerous individuals occupying an intermediate position between
these two, which .can scarcely be reconciled with either, while at the
same time they appear to connect them. Owing to the difference in geolog-
ical position of V. Abbotti, together with the difference in form mentioned
above, I see no other course than to consider them as three distinct species,

especially as one of them appears to be from the base of the Upper Marls.

The surface characters of all three are similar as far as can be observed -

from the slight evidence remaining upon the inner surface of the larger
volutions of the casts. They all appear to have been marked with spiral
lines and by more or less strongly marked vertical folds. Even the type
of V. biplicata has evidence of very decided vertical folds, shown when
looking into the suture between the volutions of the cast. There is also
much variation in the number and strength of the columellar folds on most
of the varieties.

From what I can ascertain from these casts, I see no reason why this
one should be considered as generically distinct from Volutoderma biplicata.
There may be reasons why that one should be separated from forms like
Volutomorpha bella and its congeners, but there certainly can be no generic
distinction between these ventricose forms. I have therefore placed this
one under Volutoderma instead of under Volutomorpha, as was done by
Mr. Gabb.

Formation and locality: The only two individuals of this species which
I have seen are in a yellow calcareous marl, or impure limestone, and I
think they are both from the Timber Creek beds, of the Middle Marls,
instead of the lower layers in Burlington County, New Jersey, intimated

by Mr. Gabb.

GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE GREEN MARLS. 175

NATICID.
NATICA ABYSSINA Morton.
Plate xxi, Figs. 12, 13.
(For synonyms and references, see page 123.)

A single cast only of what appears to be this species comes from
the yellow limestone beds at Timber Creek, New Jersey. It is some-
what weathered and eroded, and is entirely a cast, but the general ex-
pression is so near that of the species as it occurs in the Lower Marls,
that I see no sufficient reason for separating it. The form is perhaps a
little less patulose, and the under side of the volution at the edge of the
umbilicus somewhat more rounded, while the umbilicus itself may be
somewhat smaller proportionally than in the normal form. In its de-
_ pressed form the cast might perhaps be as readily taken for an imperfect
specimen of (yrodes petrosa, but the volution is rather more erect, less
flattened on the outer surface, and does not possess the flattening of the
upper surface bordering the suture, as in that shell. The specimen has
been figured and given on PI. xx1, that it may be the more readily iden-

tified should other specimens be found.

Lunatia Hauur Gabb.
Plate xx1, Figs. 10,11.
(For citations and synonomy, see ante page 130.)

Several specimens of casts of this species have been obtained from the
yellow lime sands at Timber Creek, New Jersey, and are in the collection of
the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City. They present the usual features of
the species, being much more erect and less ventricose than casts of any
other species of the Naticidze known from the State. The casts are very
poor and rough on the surface, owing to the material of which they are
composed, but still they may be readily recognized. The umbilical open-
ing is small and the top of the volutions quite narrowly rounded, not show-
ing any flattening on the surface, as do many of those from the Lower Mars.

176 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

One single specimen is somewhat shorter than common, in proportion to the
height of the spire, but this may only be an individual peculiarity; at least
the difference is not sufficiently marked to warrant any specific separation.
Figures of the best preserved individual have been given on PI. xx1 of the
Middle Marl species for comparison with those from the Lower Marls.

SCALARIIDE.

Genus CAVOSCALA, n. gen.

Shell scalariform, thin in substance, with numerous round contiguous
volutions, which are crossed by oblique, raised varices. Surface cancellated,
axis broadly perforate, the umbilicus wide, angular on the margin and show-
ing the inner volutions. Base of body whorl margined by a broad flattened
band. Aperture subcircular obliquely straightened on the inner side. Type
C. annulata, Morton’s sp. Upper Cretaceous.

The species upon which this genus is based is the only one known
Externally it resembless the living shell Scalaria pretiosa Linn., except in the
connected volutions; more numerous varices; cancellated surface and wide
umbilicus; the latter feature being Solarium-like in character, and also in
the broad flattened space extending from the margin of the umbilical cavity
to the outer basal portion of the whorl, where it terminates in an abrupt
shoulder which limits the next volution and forms a carinated suture.
The oblique varices and the fine transverse strize both cross this space and
are slightly visible in the umbilicus. The aperture is imperfect in all the
examples seen (seven), but of course the margin would be thickened and
bordered at each varix, so that it would present the appearance of a thick-
ened rim or peristome, but not larger or heavier than the other varices, as
in some forms of Scalaria.

GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE GREEN MARLS. 177

CAVOSCALA ANNULATA.
Plate xxu, Figs. 1-5.
Scalaria annulata Morton : Synopsis, p. +7, Pl. m1, Fig. 10.
Scala annulata (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 79; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur.
Foss., p. 20; Gabb, Proc. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 298.
Scala (Opalia) annulata (Mort.) Gabb: Thbid.

Shell above a medium size for shells of this group, the largest individ-
ual, if perfect at the apex, would measure fully 13 inches in length, with
the aperture probably yet imperfect. Volutions about seven in number in
the largest specimen, very ventricose and very slightly angular in the mid-
dle, closely coiled or in close contact; sutures deeply marked and charac-
terized by a slightly beaded band at the bottom, formed by the edge of a
broad, flattened, raised, or thickened space, which marks the base of the
volutions and borders the umbilicus. Umbilicus very large, angular on
the margin and rapidly sloping within, showing the preceding volutions in
the cavity. Aperture broadly ovate or subcircular, the inner margin straight-
ened somewhat, conforming to the slope of the umbilicus. Surface of the
shell marked by a series-of moderately close, elevated, lamellose, transverse
ridges or varices, which are directed rather strongly backward in their pas-
sage from above to the lower margin, and are less conspicuous on the flattened
space bordering the umbilicus, within the umbilicus they are faintly shown.
There are also fine transverse rigid lines parallel to the varices, occupying
the ridges and intervening spaces, also rather strong, rounded, wiry spiral
lines covering the entire surface of the shell, which are perceptibly directed
upward in crossing the varices. This gives the surface of the shell a very
beautifully cancellated structure, easily perceptible to the unaided eye.

This is the most beautiful shell I have yet seen from the New Jersey
formations, and is far more attractive in its appearance than Scalaria pretiosa
of the present seas, which it much resembles, although the more closely
arranged varices, contiguous whorls, and cancellated structure readilv dis-
tinguishes it.

Formation and locality: In the yellow sandy limestones of the Middle
Marls at Timber Creek, New Jersey, and a single small one from the green
marls of the same bed at that same locality. The yellow limestone speci-

MON XVIII——12

178 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

mens are from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., one of them being
Dr. Morton’s type of the species. The green marl specimen is from Rutgers
College, and was collected by Dr. Britton.

PLEUROTOMARIID.
Genus PLEUROTOMARIA Defrance.
PLEUROTOMARIA ? TINTONENSIS, 0. Sp.

Plate xxu, Figs. 6-9.

Shell of about a medium size, discoid, the spire being but slightly
elevated, only about one-half the height of the very depressed inner volu-
tions projecting above the surface of the outer ones. Volutions about
three in number, quite rapidly increasing in lateral dimensions from within
outwardly, as broad again from the ventral to the dorsal margins as the
height; surface depressed near the suture, convex nearer the outer margin,
rounded on the periphery and flattened on the base for the outer half,
while the inner half gradually slopes more rapidly to the sharp inner
margin in the umbilicus. This latter feature presents a broad, open, fun-
nel-shaped opening extending to the inner volution, and presenting scarcely
any evidence of suture-lines between the whorls in the cast. The surface
of the volutions is marked on the upper side by a row of broad, but
low, rounded, dome-like elevations, increasing in breadth as the shell in-
creases in size; fourteen of these elevations can be counted on the body
whorl. The lower surface of the volution is angular at the junction of
the base with the periphery, and the surface near or at the angulation
marked by nodes similar to those above, but smaller and more numer-
ous, and not extending so far from the outer margin. Just below the
median line of the periphery there is a very slight ridge and angulation
which indicates a very narrow slit in the lip of the shell of greater or
less extent, allying it with the genus Plewrotomaria, although the general
appearance is quite like that of Straparollus. Aperture transversely sub-
ovate, widest at the outer third, angular at the outer basal portion, and
rather acute at the inner angle. From the closeness of the suture-line
in the cast, it would appear that the shell has been very thin. Surface
of the shell unknown.

GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE GREEN MARLS. 179

The species is rather a marked one, and so distinct from any other
shell or cast known from the American Cretaceous formations that it will
not be readily mistaken. In form and size it distantly resembles Mar-
garitella Abbotti Gabb, but has a lower spire, more rapidly increasing and
less numerous volutions, and by being nodose above and below will be
readily distinguished from that shell. I am greatly in doubt as to the
locality of this specimen. I am assured that it is from the locality cited
below, but it so closely resembles specimens from the Rhone in France
that I have been inclined to reject it altogether; and have admitted it only
with the hope that it may be verified by the discovery of additional
specimens.

Formation and locality: In a rather light colored marly limestone, with
scattered grains of glauconite. It is said to have come from the Middle
Marls at Tinton Falls, New Jersey, and is from the collection at Colum-
bia College. Collected by Dr. Britton.

PLEUROTREMA, n. gen.

Shell solarium-like in general form, but without angulation to the
inner basal margin of the volutions bordering the umbilical cavity, but
somewhat regularly curving from the middle of the base to the upper inner
margin, giving a broad funnel-formed umbilical cavity. Periphery marked
in the place of the notch in Pleurotomaria by a series of oval perforations
similar to those of Polytremaria D’Orb. Type P. solariformis Whitt. Cre-
taceous.

I know but a single species of this genus, that described below, but
the combination of characters are so peculiar that I do not like to place it
under any known genus. The general from is like that of Solariwm Lamarck
(Architectonica, Bolt), but is widely distinctive in the peculiar form of the
umbilicus and in the perforations of the outer portion of the whorl. In this
latter feature it approaches both Pleurotomaria and Polytremaria. From the
first it differs in having the slit divided into a series of oval openings, and
from the last materially in the subrhomboidal form of the volutions and in
the form of the broadly open and funnel-shaped umbilicus. From the

appearance of the nodes and ridge left on the internal cast, I should sup-

180 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

pose that this feature of the volution left an impressed band on the inside
of the shell which was subsequently filled, partially or entirely, by the
deposit of shelly matter on the inside as the shell increased with age and
size, and that the openings were closed beyond the outer half of the last
volution.

PLEUROTREMA SOLARIFORMIS, 0. Sp.
Plate xx, Figs. 10-14.
Architectonica Abbottii in part of Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 321.

Shell of more than moderate size, the largest example before me meas-
uring almost 24 inches in its greatest diameter, by 14 inches in height, and
is an internal cast with the apical volutions absent. Volutions as preserved
in this specimen, four in number, and probably one and a half or two
absent; spire low, conical, the sides forming an angle of about 90°, and
the volutions flattened on their upper surfaces in a line with the apical
angle; sutures well marked but not deep, indicating a shell of only mod-
erate thickness; base of the volutions flattened-convex, leaving the periph-
eral angle somewhat acutely rounded; the inner part of the base of the
volution rapidly slopes into the broad, open perspective umbilicus, forming
a rounded funnel-shaped cavity in which all the volutions are seen, but
with a very slightly marked suture line separating them. Section of the
volution rhombically elongate-ovate, the umbilical part being attenuated
where it joins the preceding volution; along the middle of the outer volu-
tion there occurs an elevated ridge, which presents the appearance of a
series of interrupted nodes of an elongate-oval shape, as if the shell had
been provided with a line of oval openings occupying this position, but
filling up beyond the outer half of the volution; surface of the shell
unknown.

This shell possesses much the appearance of a Solarium, but the over-
lapping of the outer volution upon the base of those preceding it is a
marked and distinguishing feature; while the absence of angle bounding
the umbilicus at once separates it from that genus. The species has been
confounded in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., with Plewrotomaria
Abbott, from which it differs very decidedly, even more than generically,

GASTEROPODA OF THE MIDDLE GREEN MARLS. 181

as will be seen by reference to the figures. Mr. Gabb also seems to
have considered this as identical with those from Mullica Hill, as he men-
tions under the desription of that species ‘several specimens in the collec-
tion of the Academy from Timber Creek, New Jersey, with the surface
entirely obliterated.”. But he describes, imperfectly, the Mullica Hill
specimens.

Formation and locality: The examples figured are both from Timber
Creek, and are from the Middle Marls. Only two individuals have been
noticed, one from the Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., the other from Rutgers
College.

Besides the species here given as pertaining to the middle marls there
are very many very imperfect casts of gasteropods among collections
made at the marl pits of J. 8. Cook, Esq., near Tinton Falls, New Jersey,
which are too unsatisfactory for use. Among them may be mentioned a
Pyropsis-like east, resembling P. verticalis, but more elevated; a Turbinopsis
resembling the young of 7. major and one closely resembling 7. curta; a

7

Turritella, possibly 7. vertebroides Morton, a Natica, and several others.

SECT LON iit

CRETACEOUS GASTEROPODA FROM THE BASE OF THE UPPER MARL
BEDS OF NEW JERSEY.

TURBINELLID.
Genus CARICELLA Conrad.
CARICELLA PLICATA, 0. Sp.
Plate xxl, Figs. 1, 2.

Shell small, turbinate or pyriform, with a short, broadly conical spire
having an apical angle of about 85°. Volutions four or more, not exceeding
five, the apical one mammillated; upper surface sloping in the direction of
the spire, slightly angulated at the point of greatest diameter and the lower
extremity slightly attenuated; body of the volution ventricose; aperture
large, nearly three-fourths the length of the shell, oblique and somewhat
elliptical in general form, canaliculate below. Columella slight, as shown by
the cavity left by its removal, marked by four very distinct, oblique, equi-
distant folds, the upper one of which is situated nearly at the middle of the
length of the aperture. Body volution marked in the cast by about twelve
very oblique vertical folds, which are directed very strongly forward in pass-
ing from above downward, but are confined entirely to the region of the
angle near the top of the volution. No positive evidence of other surface
markings can be detected on the casts.

This shell differs from most of the species of the genus as they occur
in the Eocene formations in having vertical folds marking the largest part
of the body volution. In shape and in the folds of the columella and their
relative position it agrees perfectly well with the characters of Caricella; in
the vertical folds it resembles Voluta. In size and general form and in the
vertical folds the specimens are very like Conrad’s figure of Pseudoliva

tuberculifera (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d series, vol. 4, p. 294, Pl. 47,
182

:
.
j
{

GASTEROPODA FROM BASE OF THE UPPER GREEN MARLS. 183

Fig. 27), an Eocene species, but there can be no doubt of the correctness
of the generic reference of that species, and the form of the columellar folds
and canal of this one are equally satisfactory. I know of no eretaceous
shell with which it can be counfounded, as the generic characters are too
well pronounced to be mistaken.

Formation and locality: In the green sands at the base of the Upper
Green Marls of New Jersey, at Farmingdale, New Jersey. Collection at
Rutgers College. Collected by Dr. Britton in 1884.

VOLUTID.

ROSTELLITES BICONICUS, 0. sp.
Plate xxl, Figs. 10, 11.

Shell moderately elongated, as seen in the conditions of internal casts,
the only condition in which it is at present known. Spire elevated, consist-
ing of about four or five volutions, the aperture, which is narrow, forming
about two-fifths of the length of the entire cast. Volutions moderately
convex, largest at or near the upper margin, indicating something of a
square, shoulder-like upper surface for the perfect shell; below this angula-
tion the upper volutions are slightly convex, and in the casts leaving very
deep and strong sutures between the different whorls of the spire. Lower
volution distinctly largest above and cone-like in shape, with a short col-
umellar projection below; the lower half of the volution being more rapidly
tapering than the upper, forms a slight angulation just below the middle.
Columella strong and marked by four nearly equidistant oblique folds; the
lower one of which is not more than once and a half as far from the base
as the distance between each fold. Aperture very narrow, pointed above
and, below; surface, as far as can be seen on the internal casts, showing no
evidence of longitudinal folds or revolving lines; but the shell having been
quite thick may not have preserved such features on the interior surface.

This is one of the forms usually found among specimens labeled
R. nasutus ; but it differs very strongly from that one in the proportional
length of the body volution and in the form of the lip side of the aperture.
In R. nasutus, as shown on specimens when the external form is preserved,

184 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the spire 1s quite low in comparison with the entire length of the shell,
being not more and probably less than one-sixth of the length; while in
this one it would appear to have formed nearly one-half of the whole length.
It also pertains to a different geological horizon, as all the authenticated
specimens show.

Formation and locality: The specimen figured is from the base of the
Upper Marls at Squankum, New Jersey, and belongs to the collection at
Columbia College; several others from the same position geologically are
from Farmingdale, New Jersey. Other specimens are from the Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila., but are without locality, and are associated with specimens of
R. nasutus. From their lithological features I should refer them to the
same horizon as the one figured here, viz, base of the Upper Marls, or the
uppermost bed of the New Jersey Cretaceous.

VOLUTODERMA INTERMEDIA, 0. sp.
Plate xxi, Figs. 14, 15.

Shell of medium size, elongate ovate in outline, with a moderately
elevated spire and ventricose volutions, the last one of which forms the
greater bulk of the shell and is most ventricose above the middle. Volu-
tions three to four in number and rapidly increasing in size. Aperture
semilunate, oblique, nearly straight on the inner side, forming a little more
than half of the entire length of the shell as shown in the cast. Columella
marked by two or three strong, oblique, nearly equidistant plications;
outer surface of the shell unknown. The inner surface of the volutions
in one of the casts, which would preserve the markings of the volu-
tion within it where any existed, is entirely smooth, indicating a smooth
shell; but another fragment, which appears to belong to the species, has
the surface closely lirated with markings of numerous vertical folds which
have formed nodes at the junction of the two sets (see outline figure PI.
xx, Fig. 15). It also shows three columellar folds, as does the smooth
one. The last one has been an old shell, much thickened, as indicated
by the great space between the coils of the cast, while the other which
bears the markings has been smaller and very much thinner in substance.

GASTEROPODA FROM BASE OF THE UPPER GREEN MARLS. 185

So we may readily suppose that the shell possessed both sets of mark-
ings in its perfect condition.

This species is intermediate in form and characters between V. Abbottii
of the Middle Marls and JV. biplicata of the Lower Marls, and may be
readily distinguished from either by the length of the spire and the ventri-
cosity of the volutions; this latter feature bringing it nearer to V. biplicata;
while in the height of the spire it exceeds either of them.

Formation and locality: The figured examples are from the Academy’s
collection, and are labeled as from Vincentown, New Jersey, which would
most likely indicate the base of the Upper Marls. They are also credited,
on the label, to “T. M. Bryan,” probably as the donor.

PLEUROTOMID.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.
PLEUROTOMA FARMINGDALENSIS, n. sp.
Plate xxi, Figs. 3, 4.

Shell of medium size, with an elongated, turreted spire, composed of
numerous angularly ventricose volutions, which ascend rapidly, the entire
number unknown; apical angle about 30°; body volutions proportionally
larger than those above, contracted below and rapidly decreasing in diame-
ter, terminating in a short anterior beak, the length of which is not known;
periphery biangular on the outer two-thirds of the body whorl, as seen on
the cast; columella slender, smooth; aperture moderately large; outer lip
straightened along the middle; volutions marked on the angle by short,
oblique, vertical plications or elongated nodes, which are directed slightly
forward below, and are confined to the larger part of the volution on all
above the last one, where they are slightly visible on the lower angle.
About twelve of the vertical nodes may be counted on a single volu-
tion. The upper side of the last volution is slightly concave between
the angle and the suture line, marking the probable position of the notch of
the outer lip, although on the cast this feature itself can not be positively
traced.

186 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

The casts of this species are so imperfect that most of the specific fea-
tures are very obscure. The generic relations are, however, quite distinctly
marked, allying it to a group of this genus quite abundant in the Lower
Tertiary beds. The lower part of the body volution is imperfect, even in
the best specimen, so that it is not possible to refer it with certainty to any
of the subdivisions of the genus. It would, however, appear to resemble
very nearly the forms usually referred to Swrcula. Species of this genus
appear to be quite rare in the New Jersey Cretaceous, although not uncom-
mon in some other parts of the country, only a very few individuals which
can be referred to it having been recognized among the many casts exam-
ined.

Formation and locality: In sandy marls at the base of the Upper Green
Marls at Farmingdale, New Jersey. Collected by Dr. Britton, and to be
found in the collection at Rutgers College.

STROMBIDZE.

Genus ROSTELLARIA Lamarck.
ROSTELLARIA NOBILIS, n. sp.
Plate xxii, Figs. 16, 17.

Shell, as indicated by the cast only, large and robust, with an elevated
spire which presents an apical angle of between 35° and 40°, and consists
in the cast of five volutions, with some two or three of the apical ones
absent. The volutions are strong, moderately and very evenly convex on
their outer surface, with strongly marked and abrupt sutures, which are
very compact and evenly coiled; the body volution is somewhat extended
below at the base of the aperture, which has been obliquely elongate-ellip-
tical in outline, and pointed above and below; the axis has been very
strong, as is shown by the large umbilical perforation of the cast; the sur-
face of the cast is entirely smooth, not showing the least indications of any
markings, folds, or other surface feature.

The general form of this cast indicates a species of Rostellaria very
closely resembling the living species R. curvirostris Lam., and has probably

GASTEROPODA FROM BASE OF THE UPPER GREEN MARLS. 187

been smooth on the exterior surface. It is by far the largest form of this
group of shells which I have seen from the American formations, the imper-
fect cast measuring 3$ inches long by 13 in diameter across the body whorl.
The beak of the shell is entirely absent, only the internal cast of the shell
being present, but it would indicate a shell of unusual dimensions for this
group.

Formation and locality: The cast appears to be from the base of the
Upper Green Marls, but the specimen is without definite locality. The
lithological features would indicate it as coming from that position from

near New Egypt, New Jersey.

TURRITELLID.

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

TURRITELLA PUMILA ?.
Plate xxu11, Figs. 5, 6.

Turritella pumila Gabb: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 392, Pl. uxvut1,
Fig. 14; Synopsis, p. 91; Meek, Check List Cret. and Jur. Foss., p. 19.

Shell, as seen in casts, of medium size, rather rapidly tapering, the
apical angle being about 30°. Volutions nearly round, the outer surface
between the sutures being depressed convex to near the lower third, from
which point they are more rapidly rounded to the suture; the number of
whorls in a specimen which would, if perfect, measure 14 inches in length,
have been about seven. Sutures strongly marked, but the whorls in the
cast are close, indicating a thin shell. Surface, as indicated by the casts,
marked by several spiral ridges.

There is much doubt as to the proper identification of this species.
The rapid increase in diameter of the volutions, and their rounded form,
together with the numerous spiral ridges, would ally it with the Tennessee
species, but its much greater size is against it. It is, however, quite distinct
from any other species found in New Jersey, and equally so from any
other species found in the Cretaceous deposits of the Atlantic coast.

Formation and locality: The cast figured is from the collection of the
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and was found in a tray with others marked “ Vin-
centown, N. J.”

188 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

Suborder PODOPHTHALMA.
PLEUROTOMARIIDA.
Genus PLEUROTOMARIA De France.
PLEUROTOMARIA BRITTONI, n. sp.
Plate xxi, Figs. 7-9.

Shell below a medium size, broadly conical in form, rising from a
flattened base; the apical angle being about 80°. Volutions four, or from
four to five in number, slighty scaliform in character; the outer face being
flattened or very slightly convex, nearly in the direction of the spire, the
upper surface of any individual volution being a very little larger than the
basal edge of the next above it, and very slightly rounded on the angle;
suture lines distinct in the casts. Base flattened or scarcely convex for
two-thirds the width from the outer edge, which is moderately sharp, and
then rapidly rounding into the moderately sized umbilicus. Aperture ob-
liquely quadrangular, the inner basal or umbilical angle rounded. Slit of
the outer lip not definitely ascertained in any of the specimens, which are
all internal casts, but as nearly as can be ascertained has been narrow and
placed at the outer basal angle, and not extending backward for more
than one-third of the outer volution. Surface features unknown.

The casts of this species bear considerable resemblance, in miniature,
to those of Pleurotrema solariformis herein described from the Middle Marls
at Timber Creek, New Jersey, but the slit in the aperture has been contin-
uous (i. e., not composed of a series of oval perforations), and placed in the
lower angle of the volution instead of midway between that point and the
upper edge, as in that one. It is also more highly conical in form.

Formation and locality: In Green Marls at the base of the Upper Marl
Bed, at Farmingdale, New Jersey. Collected by Dr. Britton.

GASTEROPODA FROM BASE OF THE UPPER GREEN MARLS. 189

BULLIDA.

Genus BULLA Lamarck.
BULLA CONICA, 0. sp.
Plate xx, Figs. 12, 13.

Shell of medium size, ovate in general outline, smallest above and regu-
larly expanding to below the middle, or for about two-thirds of the length
of the shell, giving a somewhat conical aspect. Spire concealed, the upper
end of the shell appearing as subtruncate. Base of the shell more rapidly
contracted for the lower third. Aperture elongate, narrow above, widening
below and somewhat pointed at the base. Columellar lip somewhat twisted
in the lower part as shown on the cast, but destitute of any fold or tooth-
like ridge. Axis apparently imperforate. Surface, as shown by the cast,
marked by fine spiral or revolving depressed lines, and by obscure trans-
verse lines of growth crossing them. The revolving lines appear to have
been rather finer near the upper end of the shell, and on the basal slope of
the volution two or three of them are perceptibly more distant than those
immediately above them.

This shell differs from B. Mortoni L. & F., from the lower beds, in its
more conical outline, the upper end being small and gradually expanding
to below the lower third of the length. The summit also is more broadly
truncate.

Formation and locality : In Blackish Green Marls, at the base of the
Upper Green Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Columbia
College. Collected by Dr. Britton.

Sab C ON er Vee

EOCENE GASTEROPODA FROM THE UPPER LAYER OF THE UPPER
MARL BED OF NEW JERSEY.

Class GASTEROPODA.

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
MURICID.

Genus MUREX Linneus.

MuREX (PTERONOTUS) LHVAVARICOSUS, 0. sp.
Plate xxiv, Figs. 1, 2.

Shell small, ovate, spire elevated, number of volutions unkown, apical
angle about 45°. Volutions subglobular between the deeply impressed
sutures, the body whorl appearing globular when considered alone. Aper-
ture semicircular, beak long, strongly curved and very slender. Volutions
crossed by low rounded varices, which in the cast readily slough from the
surface, showing that the inner layers of the shell were built up independ-
ently of the exterior form, as the shell was continued beyond the line of the
varix; lip reflected only in the degree of a varix. Shell marked by fine
spiral lines, which are more distinctly indicated on the lower side of the
whorl than above; also by very fine transverse lines indicating growth.

Only a single individual of this species has been observed, and that
imperfect above the middle of the second volution. ‘The specimen has been
studied by Mr. Conrad in past years, and marked by him as being nearly
related to Fusus rugosus Lamarck, as figured by Sowerby. The form of the
varices, however, and their condition of preservation show that they were
not formed as are those of Fusus, Fasciolaria, and allied genera, but like those
of the true Murex. The species is readily distinguished from any known

form in our American Eocene, and need not be mistaken,
190

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 191

Formation and locality: In the stony marls of the Upper Green Marls at
Shark River, New Jersey. Rutgers College collection.

MvuREX ? sp. undetermined.
Plate xxiv, Fig. 3.

A fragment of the matrix of a species of peculiar character, probably
of Murex, occurs among the Shark River specimens. The specimen had
passed through Mr. Conrad’s hands and had been marked by him as Murex
previous to his death. It represents a specimen somewhat below a medium
size, with sharp, angular volutions, few in number, and marked by sharp,
supspinose varices or vertical folds. The spire has been rather short, in
fact not longer than the body volution below the angulation. I have given
a figure of the specimen as it shows on a gutta-percha cast taken from the
matrix, and presenting all that is left of it at the present time. It is possi-
ble that when Mr. Conrad used it there was much more of the matrix show-
ing than now, as it is very friable and rapidly crumbles. The specimen
presents to me much more the appearance of a species of Cuma Humph.
than of an ordinary Murex, although there is not enough of it remaining to
definitely determine its generic relations. The specimen is from the upper
layers of the Shark River Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey, and may be
found in the cabinet at Rutgers College.

Genus RHINOCANTHA H. & A. Adams.
RHINOCANTHA (?) CONRADT, n. sp.
Plate xxiv, Figs. 8-11.
Priscoficus Smithii ? (Sow.) Conrad: Meek, Check List Eocene Foss., p. 16; Meek,

Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732.

Not Murex Smithii Sow. : Mineral Conch., vol. 6, p. 151, tab. 578, Figs. 1-3.
Pyrula Smithii (Sow.) Conrad: Meek and others, when referred to as occurring
in New Jersey.

Shell, as known from internal casts, short-pyriform, or shortly turbi-
nate, with a rather low spire somewhat rapidly contracted below, forming a
slender anterior beak of unknown length. Volutions in the cast not
exceeding four in any of the specimens known, rather rapidly increasing
in size and very ventricose, the upper surface flattened nearly in the direc-
tion of the very low spire, and seldom showing more than the slightest

192 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

convexity between the sutures; below the periphery, which is more or less
flattened, or but little convex, the volutions are rapidly and abruptly con-
stricted to the moderately slender and somewhat lengthened anterior beak.
Aperture large, as wide as high when not compressed, contracted below
‘into a narrow canal, as shown by the casts, and directed upward at the
upper angle upon the preceeding volution; periphery of the volutions
marked by a double row of tubercular or rounded nodes, those on the
upper edge largest and most distinct; those below, situated at the point of
contraction, being very much smaller and sometimes almost obsolete. On
two of the casts there are slight indications of periodic varices at the dis-
tance of one-third of the volution apart; these indications are not very
marked and may be deceptive. The surface is marked very distinctly by
transverse lines of growth, but no indications of spiral lines, ridges, or
strie exist upon any of them.

This is the species which Mr. Conrad referred to Pyrula Smithii;
— Murex Smithii Sowerby; Mineral Conch., vol. 6, p. 151, Pl. pLxxvin, Figs.
1, 2; Fig. 3 being also referred to the same species, being a high spired
variety. It is scarcely necessary to say that our shell bears very little
resemblance to the European one, not even belonging to the same generic
group, as far as I can judge from the best examples, one of which is that
used by Mr. Conrad, and having his number written on the cast in ink.
This specimen (PI. xxtv, Fig. 9) shows it to have had an entirely different
anterior beak, and to have been differently constructed throughout as com-
pared with P. Smithii Sow., as he figures it, and probably belongs to a dif-
ferent section of the Muricide.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Marl Beds at
Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College, and Am. Mus.
Nat. History.

TRITONID.

Genus TRITON Montfort.
TRITON EOCENENSE, 0. sp.
Plate xxiv, Figs. 4, 5.

Shell, as known from the internal cast, small or below a medium size}
spire elevated, with rounded volutions separated by distinct sutures; volu-

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 193

tions probably five or more; only three and a half are preserved in the most
perfect specimen; aperture round, moderately large; principal varices
aligned on the different volutions, and showing distinct evidences of the
expanded periodic lips; intermediate varices one only in each space, much
less conspicuous than the others; beak and canal not preserved beyond the
base of the last volution, but at that point showing evidence of having been
moderately strong; surface covered with elevated spiral lines which have
been rounded and gradually increasing in strength and distance from each
other from the upper margin of the volution to near its base, or as far as
they can be distinguished on this part of the cast.

This is the only species of this genus of shells detected in the Eocene
Marls of the State, so far as I am aware. It is a well marked species of
Triton when closely and understandingly examined, but still not easily dis-
tinguished on cursory examination from some of the forms of Fusus and
Fasciolaria present in the marls with it.

Formation and locality: In the upper beds of the Upper Green Marls at

Shark River, New Jersey, and in the collection at Rutgers College.

PURPURID&.

Genus PSEUDOLIVA Swainson.
PSEUDOLIVA VETUSTA ?.
‘PLATE XXIV, Fig. 20.
Mo noceras vetusta Conrad: Foss. Shells Tert., p. 44, 2d ed. p. 37, Pl. xv, Fig. 3.
Monoceras pyruloides and M. fusiformis Lea: Cont. to Geol., p. 161 and 167, PI.
5, Figs. 166 and 167.
? Buccinorbis vetusta Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 22; Meek, Check List

Kocene Foss., p. 17.
Pseudoliva (Buccinorbis) vetusta (Con.) Meek, Check List Eocene Foss., p. 17.

Internal casts of a species of Pseudoliva, apparently of the above species,
so far as general form and character of a cast can determine, occurs in the
Eocene green sands at Shark River. The specimens are of about the size
of adult individuals from Claiborne, but appear from the general condition
of preservation to have been a worn specimen when imbedded, and so poorly

MON XVIN——13

194 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

are the features preserved that it has been difficult to obtain a figure. The
groove formed by the advance of the tooth along the volution, as the shell
increased in size, is preserved on the cast, but it is not possible to determine
whether the shell was umbilicated or had a solid axis, so there is some
slight uncertainty as to the specific identification. The best cast is imbed-
ded in the rock so firmly that it can not be cleared to get the dorsal side,
and the filling of the aperture forms so much of the exposed portion that
the figure gives little more than an outline of the aperture and a small por-
tion of the preceding volution.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

FUSID.
Genus FUSUS Lamarck.
FusUsS ANGULARIS, n. sp.
Plate xxiv, Figs. 15-19.

Shell of medium size or smaller, only moderately slender, with four or
five volutions in the cast, the last one proportionally larger than the others;
volutions angular, rather elongated, the angulation being at the upper third
of the exposed length on those above the body vhorl, and the space above
the angle flattened or slightly concave; suture lines strong, and in the cast
bordered above by a narrow raised band, probably caused by the thickness
of the shell above on the inside of the whorl, and consequently not a feature
of the shell itself; aperture large, angular near the upper third and pro-
longed below into a gradually narrowing canal; not suddenly constricted;
beak moderately long and bent; volutions crossed by numerous oblique,
rather sharply elevated costze, which are confined to the upper portion, those
on the body whorl being irregular and inclined to form fasciculze of less
elevation than those on the others; surface of the shell marked by raised
spiral lines, those above the angle of the whorls being even and fine, and
those below that point coarser, more widely separated, and on the beak
showing a tendency to alternation in size.

This shell presents somewhat the features of a Fasciolaria, but the col-
umella, which is well shown by its impression, presents no evidence what-_

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 195

ever of any folds or ridges. Its angular whorls with the oblique folds dis-
tinguish it from any of the species associated with it in the same bed.
The cast, when deprived of the principal whorl, or even the aperture and
beak, present some resemblances to those of Swrcula perobesa herein de-
scribed; but the volutions are more angular and the vertical folds more
numerous on the upper whorls, while those of the principal one become
broken up, and thereby rendered indistinct, while on that one they are more
distinct and stronger on the body volution than on those above. The spiral
striz are also much stronger and less numerous on the shell.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

FUusUs PLURICOSTATUS, n. sp.
Plate xxiv, Figs. 12-14.

Shell fusiform, rather robust, spire moderately elevated, turreted. Vo-
lutions about six in number, ventricose, with strongly marked sutures,
subangular above and the body volution obscurely flattened in the middle,
giving an obscurely biangular appearance to the body volution, which is
augmented by a rapid constriction in the lower part and toward the beak.
Aperture large in proportion; beak slender, shorter than the spire, straight
and pointed at the extremity in the only example which preserves its out-
line entire. Columella destitute of any markings. Surface marked by
about nine strong, prominent vertical folds on each volution, which are not
aligned one with the other on the several volutions. On the principal volu-
tion they become strongly rounded and tuberculiform on the upper part,
but are less distinct below or on the flattened part, and are entirely obso-
lete on the under surface. The shell is also marked by fine, raised, spiral
lines over the entire surface.

This shell is smaller than F. paucicostata herein described, is proportion-
ally more robust and is marked by a greater number of vertical folds; the
body volution differs in the obscure flattening on the middle and in the
angularity of the lower part, while the beak is proportionally more slender,
straight and pointed. It somewhat resembles F. tortilis Whitf. from the
Lower Eocene beds on the Alabama River, but is more robust and has more
vertical folds,

196 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the wpper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey, collection at Rutgers College.

FUSUS PAUCICOSTATUS, N. Sp.
Plate xxvi, Figs. 1-6.

Shell elongate-fusiform, and turreted, spire moderately robust. _Volu-
tions strongly ventricose, the last one proportionally larger than the others;
number unknown, but apparently about seven, judging from those on indi-
viduals of various sizes, longitudinally costate; costa six on each volution,
strong, sometimes resembling longitudinal tubercles with broad concave
interspaces and forming vertical lines along the spire, obsolete on the lower
side of the volution and scarcely extending to the suture line above. Aper-—
ture large, inflated on the larger specimens. Beak slender, slightly twisted,
shorter from the middle of the aperture than the length of the shell above,
and with a narrow canal. Surface of the shell marked by fine, but distinet,
raised spiral lines, those on the lower half of the body volution and on the
beak somewhat alternating in size.

This shell appears to have been a true Fusus and to have resembled
Fusus colus except in the number of costa and the shortness of the beak.
The species appears to have attained a fair size, the largest specimen in the
collection before me having measured about 25 inches in length. The
different specimens (all casts) show considerable variation in the strength
of the spiral lines and in their relative ¢listance.

Formation and locality: In the uppermost layers of the Upper Green
Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collection at Rutgers
College.

FUSUS PEROBESUS, 0. sp.

Plate xxv, Figs. 8, 9.

he

Shell proportionally short and obese, the volutions being very ventri-
cose and round in proportion to their height, and also very rapidly increasing
in size transversely. Spire short, the apical angle having been not far from
70° to 75°. Volutions five or more, very full and gibbous between the suture
lines, the body whorl extended below into a short and slender beak. Aper-
ture round-ovate, rapidly narrowed below, forming the canal. Columella,

GASTERVPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 197

slender, no indications of markings of any kind are seen on the cast. Upper
volutions marked by strong vertical folds on the periphery, with broad,
shallow, rounded interspaces. Nine of the folds can be counted in the space
of one volution. The body volution, both on the cast and in the matrix,
is entirely destitute of all remains of these folds. Surface of the shell
marked by strong, raised, rounded spiral lines, which are obsolete on the
body whorl, while the transverse lines of growth remain faintly visible.

The only respectably well preserved cast and partial matrix of this
species has been subject to some distortion by compression, and is also
slightly coated with a deposit of iron, so as to obscure the finer markings;
but the form of the shell has been so entirely distinet from any other in the
Eocene formation that there is but little chance of confounding it. There
may be some slight doubt as to the correct reference of the shell to the
genus Fusus, but there is no evidence present of features pertaining to any
other.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA ?) STAMINEA.

Plate xxv, Figs. 1, 2.
Fusus stamineus Conrad: Foss. Shells of the Tert., p. 43; Am. Jour. Conch., vol.
1, p. 14.

A single cast of small size, possessing all the essential features of the
above species is found among the collections. It is pyriform in general
outline, with a depressed conical spire, having three and a half whorls,
which are slightly exsert, distinctly angular on the periphery and moderately
convex below the angulation. The periphery is marked by from nine to
twelve transverse nodes, only slightly indicated by the undulation of the
surface, either above or below the angulation, but are quite strong on the
edge with concave interspaces. The aperture is transverse, angular in the
middle, and terminates below in a slender canal, the beak being very slen-
der and nearly as long in the cast as the height of the shell above it, and
is still imperfect at the end. The surface of the cast is marked by com-

paratively strong, spiral striz, which are arranged in groups on the lower

198 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

side of the whorl, consisting of large ones with several smaller ones between.
On the upper surface they appear to be more even.

The cast presents every indication of being of the same species as the
shells from Claiborne, Alabama, except that it is smaller in size. I see no
reason, therefore, for separating it under a distinct name.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. In the collection at Rutgers College.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA ?) EOCENICUS, 0. sp.
Plate xxv, Figs. 10-13.

Shell of medium size, depressed-biturbinate in form, exclusive of the
anterior beak; spire depressed-conical, probably somewhat changed in the
casts by compression; apical angle about 90° or even more; volutions four
in number, rapidly increasing in size, and sharply carinate on the periphery;
flattened or slightly convex on the upper surface and rather strongly convex
below; coiled so as to leave the inner ones exposed for only a little distance
below the carination; aperture large, transverse, angular in the middle and
extended below in a narrow canal; anterior beak rather slender, its length
unknown, but being at least as long as the height of the shell above; volu-
tions marked on the periphery by a series of slight angular, transverse
nodes, which do not appear below the angulation of the volution and are
but slightly seen above, being confined principally to the periphery. Sur-
face of the shell marked by fine spiral strize, those below the angle of the
whorls being obscurely alternate in size, as seen on the casts.

This species, as represented in the collection, does not appear to have
reached a very large size, the largest cast scarcely exceeding an inch and a
half in its greatest diameter, and the height, exclusive of the beak, has not
been much greater. The nodes on the periphery are proportionally more
distinet on the smaller volutions, and much more closely arranged than are
those on the principal ones. None of the specimens preserve the beak to
its full extent; the species somewhat resemble Fusus stamineus Conrad, from
the Claiborne sands, but the spire has been somewhat more elevated and
the volution below the carina rounder and shorter, and the nodes smaller

but more numerous, while the strize are very much finer.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 199

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA ?) HECTOR, n. sp.
Plate xxv, Figs. 3-6.

Shell rather above a medium size, having attained a length of nearly
2 inches, exclusive of the anterior beak, the length of which is, in the
only specimen preserving it, equal to the height of the two lower volutions.
Spire elevated, consisting of but few volutions, five or six apparent in the
cast; apical angle about 45°. Volutions strongly angular when not com-
pressed, the angulation being at about the middle of the exposed portion of
those above the principal one. Above and below the angulation the sur-
face is very moderately convex. Principal volution rapidly contracted
below the middle to the slender, twisted anterior beak, which is slightly
flattened and excavated near the lower end; aperture large and angular in
the middle of the outer lip; columella slender; volutions crossed by about
twelve strong, angular, vertical folds, which are traceable to near the suture
on the upper surface and nearly to the commencement of the beak below,
but are much more distinct on the angulation. The shell is also marked
by strong, distant, spiral lines, commencing on the carination and continu-
ing below, the four first nearly equidistant, with two or three more distantly
arranged farther down, the interspaces being flat or very moderately con-
cave. No spiral lines appear on the upper surface of the volutions. Fine
concentric or transverse lines of growth cross the shell throughout.

This is a very well marked species, and may be readily distinguished
by the strong markings and by the absence of spiral lines on the upper sur-
face of the volution.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls, at

Shark River, New Jersey, Rutgers College collection.
Fusus (NEPTUNEA ?) HECTOR var. MULTILINEATUS, n. var.
Plate xxv, Fig. 7.

A single crushed and imperfect specimen, which presents much the

aspects of I’. CN.) Hector, herein described, occurs in the collection of Rut-

200 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

gers College, but is of still larger size and so characteristic in some of its
features in which it differs from that one that I have concluded to notice it
under a separate head, hoping that other specimens may be found to verify
it. The fragment consists of the principal volution and a portion of the
next above, the anterior beak having been broken near its upper part. The
volutions are somewhat rounder than are those of F. Hector, the angu-
lations being less distinct and the vertical folds more subdued. Both of
these features, however, might result, at least in part, from the excessive
flattening of the cast. The spiral lines, however, although the normal
number possessed by the typical form are present and retain very nearly
their relative position, are continued over the entire surface, both above and
below the angulation of the whorl, with two intermediate finer ones between
each of the principal lines; the finer lines are also continued below and
upon the anterior beak as far as that portion is preserved. In the prelimi-
nary examination of the species I had grouped this with the specimens of F.
(N.) Hector, considering it only as a crushed specimen of that species pre-
serving the markings ina more perfect condition. But on separating the
largest individual of that one from the matrix, I find the fine transverse
lines of growth perfectly preserved, without a vestige of spiral lines on the
upper surface of the volutions, convincing me that this can scarcely be the
same species. I therefore indicate itas above. The locality and geological
position is the same as in that case.

Fusus (UROSALPINX ?) MULTICOSTATUS, 0. sp.
Plate xxv. Figs. 6, 7.

Shell small, elongate-oval, or short-fusiform in general outline, spire
forming one-half of the entire length, the body whorl large and termi-
nating in a short beak. Volutions extremely ventricose, almost inflated,
with deeply marked suture lines between them. Apical angle about 45°.
Aperture large, broadly ovate and terminating below ina short, narrow
canal. Volutions crossed by closely arranged, rounded, vertical folds,
which are confined to the upper two-thirds of their surface, becoming
obsolete a little below the largest part, and are separated by narrow con-
cave interspaces; twelve to fourteen of the folds may be counted on each

GASTEROPUDA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 2()]

of the principal volutions. Surface of the shell marked by numerous raised
spiral lines, separated by slightly broader interspaces. Length of the shell
about one and a quarter inches.

It is somewhat difficult to say to which of several genera this shell
properly belongs. It might be classed with Tritonidea Swainson, except that
the folds are equal and the beak too slender. Its close general resemblance
to the common Oyster drill, Urosalpinx cenereus Say is so great that one
would naturally be inclined to associate it with that one. It is, however,
somewhat larger and the volutions more rounded or inflated between the
suture lines, but these are the only observable differences between this cast
and the recent shells of that species. The cast of the beak and anterior por-
tion of the shell is very slightly imperfect and prevents a positive determi-
nation of its relationship.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Genus CLAVELLA Swainson.

CLAVELLA RAPHANOIDES ?.
Plate xxvi, Figs. 7, 8.

Fusus raphanoides Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 7, Ist ser., p. 144.
Clavella raphanoides Conrad: Am. Jour. of Conch., vol. 1, p. 18; Meek, Check List
Eocene Foss., p. 19.

A single imperfect cast of a species of Clavella, resembling C. rapha-
noides Conrad, occurs in the collection, but is too imperfect to afford positive
means of specific identification. The spire is rather higher than that of
the Claiborne shell, but so little that the difference between conditions of
preservation might easily account for it. The most pronounced feature of
the cast is the very strong and broad anterior beak, being so much stronger
than would be the case with an ordinary species of Fusus or Fasciolaria that
it is thereby readily distinguished by this feature. The spire is high and
the volutions strong, and the cast presents no evidence of vertical folds, or
scarcely of spiral striae. The anterior beak is preserved in the matrix for
perhaps more than half of its original length, and is still more than three-

202 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

sixteenths of an inch broad where broken. Figures of the specimen are
given to aid in its identification, although so highly imperfect.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collection at Rutgers College.

FASCIOLARHDA.

Genus FASCIOLARIA Lamarck.

FASCIOLARIA HERCULES.
Plate xxvi, Figs. 9-11; Plate xxvu, Figs. 1, 2.

Shell large, heavy, and apparently ponderous. Spire elevated and
strong, the apical angle on uncompressed specimens being about 45° or
50°; volutions about seven, strong, subangular above the last one, which
is biangular, the lower angle being concealed on the others by the volu-
tion below; each volution marked by a series of twelve strong, rounded,
node-like vertical ridges along the angle, and dying out below at the suture
line; periphery of the last volution vertical between the angles, and rap-
idly contracted in the lower part to form the long,
anterior beak, which is nearly or quite as long as the height of the spire

comparatively strong

above the middle of the last volution; columella straight to near its extrem-
ity. Only a single, rather slender, oblique fold has been observed on any
of the many specimens examined. Aperture comparatively small, wider
than high, subangular at the upper outer part and rapidly rounded inward
to the beak and narrow canal below; surface, as indicated both by the casts
and matrix, covered by low spiral striz, those crossing the tops of the
nodes being the strongest and most distant; those on the lower part of the
body volution are not distinct enough on any of the casts to reveal their
true character.

This shell has been very closely related to some forms of the living
shells referred to Fasciolaria trapezium Linn., and very closely resembles
that known as F. Audouini Jonas, usually found in collections under the
first named species. The spire is, however, somewhat more elevated than

in that one, and the anterior beak somewhat more slender. The single

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 203

slender columellar fold replaces the two or three of that shell, and is also
placed higher on the columella. I know of no other Eocene shell in this
country which closely resembles this one, especially in its great size and
robust character, coupled with its form and strongly nodose spire; some of
the casts are nearly 6 inches in length when deprived of the anterior beak,
which has been, with the aperture, as long as the entire shell besides.
Many of the casts which I have observed appear to be nearly or quite des-
titute of the nodes and would be readily taken for a distinct species. This
feature, or absence of feature, | presume arises from a thickening of the
shell on the inside in old examples, filling up the depressions of the nodes
on the inside of the whorls.

"Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River and Farmingdale, New Jersey. I believe it also occurs at
Monmouth and Squankum, New Jersey. Collections Am. Mus. Nat. His-
tory and Rutgers College.

FASCIOLARIA PROPINQUA, 0. Sp.
Plate xxvii, Fig. 3.

Shell above a medium size, fusiform; spire moderately elevated; beak
long, proportionally strong, as long as or longer than the spire, measuring
from the middle of the body whorl; apical angle of the spire less than 45° ;
volutions about six, rather strong, with moderately marked sutures, the
upper ones marked by strong vertical nodes, which are obsolete on the
lower two or two and a half; these latter are rounded or very slightly
angular, the last one being imperceptible, flattened on the periphery for
nearly one-third of its height and marked only by transverse lines of
growth. Aperture moderately large; beak long and the channel narrow;
columella marked by one single, very slender and very oblique fold, which
is situated at about the middle of its length when looking directly into the
aperture of the shell.

This species is smaller than either of the two associated species. It
was at first thought to be the young of I’. Hercules, but on critical study I
find characters revealed which prevent its alliance with that one. It resem-

bles it particularly in the upper volutions, in their being nodose in the same

204 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

manner, but without the distinctive angulations. Young specimens of that
species show the nodes increasing in size and becoming more rounded as
the volutions increase in size, while on this one they gradually disappear.
It differs from F. Samsoni in the less compact and more slender spire and
less ventricose volutions, these differences being very pronounced when the
specimens are viewed side by side. The general resemblance to the other
two species is very marked.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection Am. Mus. Nat. History. :

FASCIOLARIA SAMSONI, n. sp.
Plate xxvu, Fig. 4; Plate xxvu, Figs. 1, 2.

Shell large and ponderous, as indicated by the cast, with an elevated
spire, strong, extended beak, and strong, heavy, rounded volutions; apical
angle, when the specimens are uncompressed, measuring about 45° or 50°;
volutions numbering six to seven in the entire cast, with strongly marked
suture lines, their full, rounded and ventricose forms relieving the sutures,
but without any marked space between the volutions; aperture large, semi-
lunar in outline, more strongly rounded in the lower part than above, but
terminating in a narrow canal below; columeHa strong, its entire length
unknown, and the plications of folds unknown, as they are not visible on
any of the casts examined, the extension not being preserved; surface of
the volutions smooth so far as can be determined from the cast, these being
marked only by transverse lines of growth parallel to the apertural margin.

This species is found associated with 7. Hercules, and is often consid-
ered as a smooth variety of that shell. They are, however, very distinct,
and evidently belong to two distinct sections of the genus, F. Hercules be-
longing to the group typified by F. trapezium Linn., while this one is related
to F. tulipa of our own southern coast; although much larger, more ventri-
cose, and having a proportionally shorter spire than any specimens or species
of that type known to me. It is barely possible there may have been re-
volving depressed lines on the surface, as in some lights there are faint
indications of such a feature on the best preserved example, that figured;
but they are altogether too indistinct and evanescent to be given as a posi-

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 205

tive feature. Specimens indicating a length of 6 inches above the beak
and canal are not uncommon, the diameter, in such cases, being nearly 34

inches.
Formation and locality: In the wpper layers of the Upper Green Marls,

at Shark River, Farmingdale, and Monmouth, New Jersey. Collection at

Rutgers College and Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

TURBINID..
Genus CARICELLA Conrad.
CARICELLA PYRULOIDES.

Plate xx1x, Figs. 1-6.

Turbinella pyruloides Conrad: Foss. Shells of Ter., p. 24; Pl. x, Fig. 1.
Caricella pyruloides Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 24; Meek, Check List
Kocene Foss., p. 16.

Shell of medium size, pyriform, swollen or inflated above and attenuate
below, with a short obtuse spire. ‘Volutions four or more, very rapidly
increasing in size, the last one forming almost the entire bulk of the shell,
as the inner ones are almost enveloped by the outer. Aperture very large,
semi-lunate, but prolonged and pointed below. Columella slender, especi-
ally in the lower part, somewhat bent and marked by three or four strong
plications or ridges. Surface as shown on the casts, marked by lines of
growth parallel to the margin of the aperture.

The casts of this species are not uncommon and attain a very fair size as
compared with the shells as found in Claiborne sands at Claiborne, Alabama,
from whence it was originally described and where it is quite abundant. The
New Jersey specimens are usually much compressed or distorted, and the
columellar folds not often seen, as they show only as grooves in the marl
against the side of the cast of the columella, or are obtained by breaking
away a portion of the volution. There are seldom more than three of them
visible, and often only two can be detected, which, together with the absence
of the raised spiral strive of the lower slender part of the volution on the
Alabama specimens, may induce some to consider them as distinct species.

I think, however, these slight differences are only the result of the conditions

206 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

of preservation. The most marked difference between these casts and the
Alabama specimens will be found in the shorter spire and in the proportion-
ally larger upper part of the volution. It should be remembered, however,
that these features are regularly and constantly increased with the increase
in size of this and all closely allied forms. There are several other species
of the Eocene formations that are closely related to this one, of which the
casts would be scarcely, if at all, distinguishable from these, but I think a
close comparison of both casts and the shells of these forms will prove the
New Jersey and Alabama specimens identical.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, Farmingdale, and Squankum, New Jersey.

CARICELLA PONDEROSA, ND. Sp.

Plate xxx, Figs. 7, 8.

Shell rather large for the genus, and, so far as can be determined from
the cast, has been thick and heavy. Form obovate or pyriform in outline,
largest above, giving the greatest convexity near the upper part of the volu-
tion, and becoming very attenuate in front to form the anterior beak and
canal. Spire very short in the cast, being only very slightly convex or low
dome-shaped. Volutions four or five probably in the shell, scarcely four
in the cast; sutures strongly marked and the inner whorls scarcely rising
above the outer ones. Aperture large, obtuse above and pointed below.
Columella strong and heavy, marked by three very heavy folds which
increase rapidly in size from above downward. Surface of the shell un-
known.

This species rather closely resembles C. pyruloides Conrad in general
form, but has a shorter spire and a somewhat more clavate form, the great-
est diameter of the volution being higher in proportion than in that one.
The columella is also much stronger and the folds entirely different in
strength, and the entire shell much thicker. This latter character has
been so marked as to give room for the shell to be perforated by some
boring sponge, or similar body, over nearly the entire extent of the outer
volution, and to transmit its markings to the cast. The entire length and

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 207

form of the columella and canal can not be determined, as this part of
the cast is imperfect; but the length as preserved is over 4 inches, with
a diameter of the body volution of nearly 2? inches; but the imprint of
the oblique folds is very strong, and for the size of the shell have been
proportionally very large and heavy, broad and rounded. The specimen
has been compressed in such a manner as to contract the aperture and pre-
vent a satisfactory view of it being given in a figure; but the general
form is so characteristic that there can be no difficulty in recognizing it.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

VOLUTID.

Genus VOLUTA Linnezus.
VOLUTA LELIA, 0. sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 1-3.

Shell of moderate size, attaining a length of 24 inches or more; ovate
in general outline, with a low spire, moderately ventricose volutions and
rather slender anterior beak and not strongly marked suture lines; body
volution forming nearly or quite four-fifths of the entire length, largest
near the upper end and rapidly contracted below the middle, becoming
somewhat attenuated in front; aperture large, expanded above and nar-
rowed below; columella of only moderate size and marked by at least three
distinct and very oblique folds, enlarging from above downward; canal
shallow; surface of the shell marked only by fine lines of growth parallel
to the margin of the outer lip. ;

This shell is of the same general form as V. Newcombiana, but is smaller
and with a much lower spire, and is also more attenuated in front, while
the body volution is not angular in the upper part like that one. It differs
also from any of the others herein described in the comparative height of
the spire and attenuation of the anterior end. It is a very neat and grace-
ful species.

Formation and locality: {n the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collection at Rutgers College,

208 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

VOLUTA PERELEVATA, 0. Sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 4-6.

Imperfect and fragmentary specimens of a very slender volute are
found in the Shark River collections, but are all imperfect, both as to the
spire and base of the shell; but still enough is preserved to show that they
belong to a species which is entirely distinct from any of those hitherto de-
scribed from those beds, or from any of the Eocene layers in any other
section. The form of the shell is highly elevated and proportionally slen-
der, the spire being composed of volutions which are nearly straight on the
sides of the exposed portion, this part being unusually long as compared
with any of the known species. The last volution has been quite long,
largest near the shoulder and gradually narrowing downward to a narrow
base, so that the shell has been four or more times as long as wide; the
aperture is long and narrow and the columella strong, and marked by three
or more strong folds. The surface has been smooth with the exception of
transverse lines of growth, which are strong and somewhat regularly
arranged, but not sufficiently so to form a surface pattern. The species
will be easily distinguished from any of the others by its slender elongated
form. All the specimens observed are from the upper layer of the Upper
Green Marls at Shark River, New Jersey, and are in the collection at Rut-
gers College, and that of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

VOLUTA PARVULA, 0. Sp.
Plate xxx1, Figs. 1-4 and 5 (?).

Shell small, seldom exceeding 14 inches in length, elongate-ovate or
elongate-suboval in general outline, consisting of four to four and a half
volutions in the cast, the last one forming fully three-fourths of the entire
length; apex mammillated(?). Volutions of the spire low convex, not angu-
lated, but with distinct sutures. Body volution largest near the upper end,
abruptly rounded to the suture on the shoulder and gently convex below
or over the body portion, more rapidly constricted toward the lower part
and again becoming slightly patulose at the base. Aperture long and mod-
erately open, with a wide canal and notch at the base, so far as can be

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 209

determined from the casts, and also slightly extended upward at the upper
angle. Columella proportionally strong and marked by four or more very
oblique folds, the wpper one of which is thread-like, and the others much
stronger. Surface of the shell marked on the upper volutions by fine spiral
strie; also similar strize can be observed near the base of the principal volu-
lution, while the body of this volution seems to be destitute of such mark-
ings. The entire shell is also marked by somewhat distinct transverse stric
parallel to the margin of the aperture.

This shell is the most abundant of any of the Volutide in the Eocene
layers of marls, as well as the smallest. The prevailing length is about
14 inches. It is a neat and rather pretty form, and differs in its size and
shape from the other associated species. A single individual referred to the
same species with some doubt, on account of its immature appearance and
smaller number of volutions, preserves the mammillated apex or nucleus
which is turned on one side but not reversed. On account of the above
mentioned peculiarities of this specimen and a difference in the form of the
volution, I have thought it might possibly be the young of V. Newcombiana,
but do not feel certain.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collections Rutgers College and Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.

VOLUTA SCAPHOIDES, n. sp.
Plate xxx1, Figs. 6-8.

Shell large, rather above a medium size, and, judging from the cast,
has probably been heavy in substance. Volutions five or six in number, the
last one large and obconical in form below the shoulder, where it is obtusely
angular and concave on the upper surface, while below the angulation it is
gently convex; spire short, probably not more than one-third of the entire
length, but in the only specimen examined is obliquely compressed and dis-
torted, destroying the proportions to so great an extent that they can not be
positively determined; upper volutions very distinct, slightly subangular and
with distinct sutures; aperture large, considerably more than half as long
as the entire shell, broadly channeled below; columella strong, marked by
four or more strong, distant folds, the second one from above being near

MON XVUI——14

210 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the middle of the length of the aperture. Surface of the shell smooth, or
marked only by lines of growth.

The species very closely resembles the living V. scapha in size, form,
and proportions. The folds on the columella are similar in distance and
probably the same in number. The specimen showing them is too imper-
fect to determine their exact number positively, but four only are satisfac-
torily shown. It differs from V. vesta herein described in its more angular
and obconical form, and can not be easily mistaken for it.

Formation and locality: In the uppermost layers of the Upper Green
Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collection at Rutgers College.

VOLUTA (AMORIA) VESTA, 0. Sp.

Plate xxxu1, Figs. 4-6.

Shell large and somewhat cone-shaped, being largest at the base of the
spire and irregularly decreasing in size below, with a very little swell or
convexity on the sides of the body volution, relieving the otherwise strictly
conoidal form. Spire low-conical, the apical angle being about 90°, and
the volutions of the spire barely convex between the sutures, which are
only moderately indicated in the cast, but which appear to have been
slightly callus in the shell. Aperture large, apparently contracted below.
Columella moderately strong, but little if at all callus and marked by four
rather strong and very distant folds, with flattened spaces between, which
in the specimen figured is fully three-eighths of an inch wide between the
upper ones. The upper fold is nearly horizontal and the lower very
oblique, being nearly vertical and nearly at the base of the columella.
Surface of the shell smooth or marked only by fine lines of growth parallel
to the margin of the aperture.

This species is peculiar for its conoidal form and peculiar columellar
folds, these latter being very unusually distant and isolated in their posi-
tion. The surface of the shell is entirely destitute of any longitudinal or
vertical folds or undulations of the surface, and I do not think there has
been any markings of any kind other than the lines of growth. The
shell has apparently attained a very fair size, the specimen figured having
measured fully 5 inches in length when perfect. The shell has had the

aw

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. Zi

form of species referred by Tryon to the section Amoria Gray, typified by
V. undulata Lamarck; or by Paetel in his catalogue, to Scaphella Swain., but
there appears to be so much confusion about the sections of Voluta among
authors that it is unsafe to refer a species to any one of the subdivisions.
The present species would undoubtedly afford ample grounds for a distinct
division under the hands of many, but I prefer not to divide where there
has been so much already done, unless on the most pronounced features.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Vouuta (SCAPHELLA) NEWCOMBIANA.
Plate xxxu, Figs. 1-3.
Voluta Newcombiana Whitf., Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 263, Pl. xxvu, Fig. 12.

Shell of medium size, elongate-elliptical in general outline, longer below
than above the point of greatest diameter, but somewhat variable in pro-
portions in different individuals. Spire elevated, the apical angle varying
from 45° to 60° in different individuals, partly owing, probably, to the
degree of distortion by compression of the casts. Volutions five or six, the
apex not preserved in any of the specimens present. Volutions gently con-
vex, the body whorl often decidedly angular at the shoulder, gently convex
over the principal part and again more rapidly constricted at about the
lower third. Aperture large, more than half the length of the entire shell.
Columella strong, marked by four strong oblique plications or folds in the
lower part. Surface of the shell marked only by irregular concentric lines
parallel to the margin of the aperture.

The shell is known from New Jersey only in the conditions of internal
casts, and these more or less distorted by compression, so that the characters
are more obscurely shown than on the examples from Alabama, where the
shells are beautifully preserved. These casts vary greatly in the height of
the spire and in the angularity of the body volution, those having higher
spires always bein g less angular than the short spired specimens. It is pos-
sible there may be two distinct species among the casts which I have
referred to this one, but as most of these variations are observable in the
Alabama examples, I have preferred to class them as one for the present.

212 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Mazrls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers College and Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.

Genus VOLUTILITHES Swainson.
VOLUTILITHES SAYANA,
Plate xxx, Figs. 11-15.
Voluta Sayana Conrad: Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 29, Pl. xvi, Fig. 1; Morton’s
Syn. Org. Rem. Cret., Appendix, p. 5.
Voluta Defrancii, V. gracilis and V. parva (Lea) Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch.,
vol. 1, p. 24, and Morton’s Syn. Org. Rem. Cret., Appendix, p. 5.

Volutilithes Sayanus Conrad: Meek, Check List Eocene Foss., p. 16; Am. Jour.
Conch., vol. 1, p. 24.

Volutilithes mutata ? (Desh.) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732; Meek,
Check List Eocene Foss., p. 16; Heilprin, Tert. Format. N. A., p. 8 ?.
Among the casts from Shark River in the State collections at Rut-
gers College, and also at the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., are many specimens of
a Volutilithes, so exactly like the shells of the above species as it occurs
at Claiborne, Alabama, that there certainly can be no reason whatever for
doubting their specific identity. They occur of all sizes from less’ than
1 inch in length to those of nearly 3 inches. They also represent nearly
all the variations in proportions of rotundity and height of spire possessed
by those shells; the variation of the surface markings, however, can not
be so readily detected, as it is preserved to a much less degree of dis-
tinctness on these casts. The casts may be characterized as follows:
Volutions ventricose, flattened or obliquely sloping on the upper sur-
face and attenuate below, spire moderately elevated, but variable in dif-
ferent individuals, somewhat turreted, the volutions rapidly increasing in
size; surface vertically plicated, the plications being confined to near the
upper part of the body volution and extending upon the upper sloping
surface; also marked by spiral lines, most distinct toward the base and
sometimes only visible on this part. Columella marked by several (three
to five) oblique folds of variable strength. Aperture large, wide at the
top and narrowed below, forming a narrow canal.
I suppose this to be the species referred to by Mr. Meek in his list
of Eocene fossils given in the appendix to the Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868,

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 3t3

as V. mutata? Deshayes. Mr. Meek may have considered V. Sayana as
identical with the Paris Basin species, but they are very generally con-
sidered as being distinct, and there is certainly as much difference between
them and any one of the French species as there is among those from that
locality described and given as distinct by Deshayes himself; consequently
I see no reason for suppressing the name V. Sayana. The species of Lea,
given above as synonyms, were described from young specimens.

Formation and locality: This species was originally described from
specimens from the ferruginous sands at Claiborne, Alabama, but it has
been found at several other localities in that and the adjoining States. In
New Jersey I know it only from the Eocene layers of the Upper Mazrls, at
Shark River.

VOLUTILITHES CANCELLATUS, Nn. sp.

Plate xxx, Figs. 7-10.

Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate in general outline, with a moder-
ately elevated spire consisting of three or more yolutions in the cast; volutions
gently convex, rounded on the shoulder, largest above the middle, and the
body volution making the greater bulk of the specimen, forming fully two-
thirds of the height; aperture long and rather narrow, somewhat contracted
below; columella slender, curved, marked by three, or perhaps in the larger
individuals four slender, oblique plicze or folds, the lower one the larger, and
situated rather below the middle of its length; entire surface of the casts
marked by closely arranged spiral ridges, and also by transverse ridges of
growth, which are more or less fasciculate, which by crossing give a coarsely
cancellated texture over the body volution and over the exposed portions
of the others. The spiral ridges have their upper sides narrower than the
lower, giving a long and short side to each ridge, as have the ridges on
nearly all shells of this genus. The vertical ridges sometimes, on the older
individuals, form low vertical folds on the upper portion of the body volu-
tion, but this is not always the case.

These casts might possibly be mistaken for those of V. Sayana, as the lat-
ter occur in the same beds, but not readily, as they differ much in form, being
more slender and more distinctly oval in outline; also in the greater height

of the exposed part of the upper volutions; in the almost total absence of

214 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

nodes on the largest part of the volutions, but notably in the much greater
streneth of the spiral ridges which cover the entire surface of the body
whorl in almost equal strength, which is not the case in that species.

Formation and locality: Tn the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. I have not observed it from any other local-
ity. Collections at Rutgers College and the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

CANCELLARIID.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck.
CANCELLARIA RUDIS, 0. sp.
Plate xxx, Wigs. 1, 2.

Shell of medium, or below a medium size, broadly biturbinate, of
nearly equal proportion above and below the point of greatest diameter
exclusive of the anterior beak. Whorls four in the cast, the apical volutions
not represented, not having been filled with sediment, probably having been
filled with calcareous deposit during life, as the cast appears to be perfect.
Volutions sharply angular, the angulation being near the top of the prin-
cipal one; aperture large, subtriangular, higher than wide, acute above and
below; columella strong, no markings preserved on the cast, but an indica-
tion in its breadth, as shown on the inner lip of the aperture, of that lip
having been somewhat extended or perhaps having overlapped the colu-
mella; volutions crossed by a few strong, angular, vertical folds, not more
than six to the volution, but showing on the last one nearly to the base of
the shell; surface of the shell marked by spiral lines with depressed spaces
between them.

This cast seems to belong to that section of. the genus Cancellaria
described under the name Trigonostoma by Blainville, in which the aperture
is triangular, the volutions sharply angular, aud the folds of the columella
obsolete. ‘The umbilicus in this species is not as large as is commonly the
case in this group.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 215

PLEUROTOMID/E.
Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

PLEUROTOMA SURCULITIFORMIS n. sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 3, 4.

Shell elongate and slender, spire elevated, turreted, containing five
or six volutions, and forming, above the point of greatest diameter of the
body whorl, about three-fifths of the entire length of the shell. Body
volution rather large in proportion to those above. Volutions concave
above but rapidly sloping, ventricose, and rounded below the angle, the
last one extended below, forming a short beak. Aperture moderately
large. Shell marked by fine, even, spiral lines over its entire surface;
also by finer transverse lines which are broadly curved backward on the
upper concave portion and forward on the body of the whorl.

This species is somewhat related in its form and surface strie to
P. elaborata Conrad, from the Claiborne beds (Foss. shells Tert. Forma-
tions, p. 52, Pl. xxu, Fig. 19), but differs in the smaller number and higher
volutions and in the somewhat longer beak. It also resembles P. alternata
Conrad, from the same beds figured on the same plate, in the form of the
volutions and surface markings but is a less robust and smaller shell and
the anterior beak is proportionally shorter.

Formation and locality: Inthe upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collection at Rutgers College.

PLEUROTOMA REGULARICOSTATA, Nl. Sp.

Plate xx xin, Figs. 7-9.

Shell small, very slender, spire elevated, forming less than half of the
entire length of the shell; the volutions rather high between sutures, num-
ber unknown. Body volution and beak forming rather more than half of
the entire length; moderately ventricose in the middle without perceptible
angle, but with a slightly concave depressed sulcus below the suture. Su-
tures distinct, bounded below by an elevated ridge. Anterior beak long,
slender, and bent. Aperture apparently of medium size. Surface of the

216 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

shell marked, especially on the body volution, by regular, even, flattened,
longitudinal or vertical costee, which are formed by the fasciculation of the
growth lines and which are scarcely recurved on the sulcus below the suture,
but are carried forward in a broad sweeping curve across the body of the
principal volution, nearly to the slender beak, before they are again bent
backward.

This shell is more slender than P. altispira herein described, and has
a longer anterior beak. The volutions differ very materially in form and _
also in proportion. On a gutta-percha cast made in a natural mold of one
specimen showing the exterior features the upper volutions appear to have
possessed stronger vertical folds; but the feature is problematical, and may
be the result of accident.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. From the collections of the Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. and Rutgers College, New Jersey.

PLEUROTOMA (SURCULA ?) ALTISPIRA, 0. Sp.
Plate xxxu1l1, Figs. 10-13.

Shell much elongated, spire much more than one-half the length of the
shell, very much elevated, consisting of six or more volutions in the cast.
Volutions moderately convex, not angulated, but in the cast marked by a
rather broad elevated band at the base of each, except, perhaps, the outer
or dorsal portion of the last one. Body volution and -beak forming fully
half the entire length. Aperture only moderately large, pointed below and
rounded on the outer side. Columella slender and pointed at the base.
Beak short. Surface of the shell, so far as can be ascertained, marked only
by fine lines of growth, which are strongly curved forward in crossing the
body volution, being returned again, gently, after passing the largest part.

This species differs in the form of the volution from any other form in
the New Jersey beds. It corresponds in shape with P. elaborata Conrad
from the Claiborne sands, but is three times the bulk of the largest specimen
of that species yet observed in the many collections which I have seen from
that locality. .

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. yaw

Genus SURCULA (H. & A.) Adams.
SURCULA PEROBESA, Nl. sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 5, 6.

*Shell, as known from internal casts and external imprints, rather above
a medium size, indicating a length of 2 inches or over and proportionally
robust, the diameter of the body whorl being equal to considerable more
than one-third of the entire length; volutions about five in number, dis-
tinctly angular in the middle, the principal one being concave above the
angulation and gently convex below that point, and terminating in a short,
strong, anterior beak; aperture proportionally large; columella strong; vo-
lutions crossed by numerous oblique folds, twelve of which can be counted
on the principal one; shell marked by very fine spiral lines, sharply ele-
vated and with finer lines between them, and also by finer and closer raised,
almost lamellose lines of growth which cancellate the surface by crossing
the spiral lines. On the concave upper surface of the principal volution
the transverse lines present a broad, sweeping, backward curvature, indica-
ting a broad sinus in the lip of the shell at this point, and below the angu-
lation are as strongly directed forward over the central part of the volution.

This shell is of the type of S. tabwata Conrad, from the Claiborne sands,
but is of much larger size, much more robust, apparently fewer volutions,
and stronger folds.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey, and from the collection at Rutgers College;
some fragments, too poor for illustration, indicate a much greater size than
those given in the figures.

Genus SURCULITES Conrad.

Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 213.

Mr. Conrad proposed this as a subgenus under Surcula Adams, but
did not characterize it either at the time or subsequently. Mr. Tryon
describes the genus in his “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” vol. 2,

p. 183, as follows: “Shell with spire and body volution nearly equal; the

918 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

latter obconical, rectangular near the top, and flattened or concave above
from the angle to the suture; sinus of lip above the angle of the whorls
shallow and broad.” The type is Surculites annosa Conrad, a New Jersey
Eocene species.

The type specimen used by Mr. Conrad in his description and figured
on Plate 20, Fig. 9, of the volume cited above, is now in my hands, together
with several other specimens of the same, and another much more slender
species. They differ but little generically from Sureula proper as typified
by S. nodifera Lam., except in the notch in the lip, and straighter anterior
beak, which, from the evidence afforded by the specimens before me, does
not appear to be bent or twisted to any extent. The form in both of these
species is subequally biconical, the spire elevated and nearly or quite equal
to the length below the angle of the principal volution. Below the angle
the body volution is nearly straight obconical, giving a somewhat regularly
tapering beak of moderate length and narrow canal. The upper surface
of the volutions is nearly rectangular and the sinus scarcely marked; in
fact, in most specimens the lines of growth indicating it are nearly direct,
but below the angle the line is directed forward in a broad curved extension,
occupying nearly the entire length of the aperture. The surface features
are rather fine and subdued, consisting of spiral lines on the entire surface,
and not very distinct lines of growth. Another of Conrad’s Eocene genera
Cochlespira, cited by Tryon as a synonym of Plewrotoma, is so nearly like
this one that it would be difficult to point out differences. The following
are the only species yet referred to Surculites.

SURCULITES ANNOSUS.
Plate xxx1, Fig. 14.
Surculites annosa Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 213, Pl. xx, Fig. 9.

Shell of comparatively large size, having been about 24 inches long,
with a transverse diameter of the body whorl of 14 inches when entire;
form subequally biconical, the length above and below the point of great-
est diameter nearly equal; volutions five or more, sharply angular on the

periphery, the upper surface flattened and nearly rectangular to the axis;

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 219

sutures distinctly marked and limited above by a narrow ridge; volutions
below the angle almost obconical, regularly tapering to near the end of the
short, rather obtuse beak; aperture narrow, widest at the angle of the body
whorl and almost gradually narrowing below, the outer lip thin and extended
in the middle, as shown by the growth lines, forming a broad rounded
extension; columella smooth; sinus in the outer lip situated above the
angle of the volution, very shallow, and extending from that point to the
suture, occupying the entire upper surface of the volution; surface of the
shell marked by fine spiral strize both above and below the angle of the
volution, becoming slightly coarser and somewhat alternate below the
middle of the whorl and on the beak; transverse strie of growth also
marks the surface, and are sometimes grouped on the angle of the volution
so as to produce slight undulations or incipient nodes.

Formation and locality: In the upper or Eocene layers of the Upper
Green Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

SURCULITES CADAVEROSUS, 2. sp.
Plate xxxill, Figs. 15, 16.

Shell elongated, slender, and fusiform; spire elevated, as long as the
shell below the angle of the principal volution; whorls probably six or more,
very angular in the upper part, the upper surface flattened between the
angle and the suture, and sloping but little, but never horizontal; below
the angle they rapidly decrease in size downward, are but very slightly
convex and extended in front, forming a rather long, slender, pointed ante-
rior beak; aperture narrow and elongated, the sinus in the lip scarcely
marked, and the margin of the lip extended forward below the angle; sur-
face of the cast marked by proportionally coarse spiral strie of nearly
equal size above and below the angle; also by obscure transverse lines of
growth.

This species differs from S. annosa in its more slender and gaunt look-
ing form, the volutions looking angular and uncouth in their proportions from
their great contractions between the angle and the suture below, arising

from the great proportional exposed length of each volution. It also differs

220 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

in its greater length of beak, which is slender and somewhat curved. None
of the specimens is perfect at either extremity, so the entire length or
number of volutions can not be determined. The greater exposed length
of the volutions in the spire will readily distinguish it.

Formation and locality: Tn the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, and at Farmingdale, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers
College.

SURCULITES CURTUS, n. sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 17-19.

Shell small, short biconical, about equally long above and below the
point of greatest diameter, or above and below the angulation of the body
volution, and the greatest transverse diameter of the body whorl about
equaling the height of the spire above that point. These features give
the body volution a short obconical form below the angulation, exclusive
of the beak, which is not present in any specimens under examination.
Above the angulation the whorls are abruptly sloping and almost without
convexity, and the exposed portion of each upper volution is scarcely
greater than the width of the upper sloping surface of the same volution.
Volutions only four in number in the most perfect individual seen. Surface
marked by moderately fine spiral lines, strongest on the lower part of the
body whorl; and also by fine, unequal, transverse lines of growth, which
are strongly arched forward below the angle on the body whorl, and again
recede below, indicating a very short beak. The transverse strize on the
upper surface of the whorls scarcely indicate a sinuosity in this part of
the lip.

This species is very much shorter, proportionally, than S. annosa Con-
rad, and will be recognized by this feature; while of course it is still further
removed from S. cadaverosus.

Formation and locality: In the upper, stony, layer of the Upper Green
Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

GASTLROPODA OF THE EUCENE MARLS. - rp

CONID.
Genus CONUS Linnzus.
CONUS SUBSAURIDEUS.
Plate xxxIv, Figs. 16, 17.

Conus subsaurideus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 148, Pl. m1, Fig. 9; ibid.,
p. 30.

Casts of a species of cone, always of small size and with a rather ele-
vated spire, are in the collections in use. They present the appearance, as
nearly as casts can, of shells of the above species, obtained from the Buhr-
stone beds of the Eocene, from near Orangeburg, South Carolina, which I
have identified with Conrad’s species. The shells are usually small and
of medium conical form, the spire is more or less elevated, with an elevated
carina on the outer edge of each volution, and the intermediate surface
spirally striated. The elevation of the spire varies in different individuals
from 90° to 120° or more. The shells are all silicified and are from the
collection at Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., among those obtained from Dr. Holmes, of
Charleston, South Carolina. The New Jersey casts have the same general
shape, the volutions of the spire being exsert and the apical angle 90° or
more. None of the matrices have been preserved, so that the carinate
character and striations of the surface are not known; still there ean be
no reasonable doubt of the specific identity of these casts with the silicified
shells above mentioned. Mr. Conrad says under his description that the
shell he used is silicified, and is “from the Buhrstone, probably, of Ala-
bama.” So it would appear that he did not know the locality, and I
have no doubt the specimen which he used was from the same locality
as those in the Holmes collection, namely, near Orangeburg, South Car-
olina. Casts resembling these, but of much greater size, also occur in
Marls of the Eocene, supposed to have come from some locality near
Charleston, South Carolina, and also from the lower bed at Claiborne,
Alabama. These I have identified without question as casts of the above
species, after making internal casts artificially from authentic specimens of
C. subsauridens,

222 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

STROMBIDE.

Genus CALYPTRAPHORUS Conrad.

CALYPTRAPHORUS VELATUS.
Plate xxx, Figs. 23-27.

Rostellaria velata Conrad: Foss. Shells Tert. Form., p. 31; 2d ed., p. 38, Pl. xv,
Fig. 4.

Rostellaria Lamarckii Lea: Contrib. to Am. Geol., p. 158, Pl. v, Fig. 164.

Hippocrenes columbaria ? (Defrance) Conrad: Check List Eocene, p. 13; Meek,
Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732.

Calyptraphorus velatus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 31; Meek, Check
List Eocene Foss., p. 13.

Casts, which are unquestionably of this species, are not uncommon
among the Kocene fossils from New Jersey. The specimens present in the
internal casts and impressions of the exterior all the features recognized on
or presented by the Claiborne examples, and have the same size and relative
proportions of those shells; so that there can be no reasonable question
of their specific identity. The spire is elevated and presents an apical
angle of from 25° to 30°, and consists of about eight volutions. This will
not include some two or three of the extreme upper whorls of the apex of
the shell which would not be preserved in the cast. The whorls are flat-
tened in the direction of the spire, and although the sutures are distinctly
marked, they are not deep or conspicuous. The anterior beak is not shown
to its full extent in any of the impressions, nor is the margin of the lip fully
represented; but enough of both remains to show their similarity to the
Claiborne specimens. The spire has been coated to near if not quite to the
apex in one of the examples examined; while the posterior canal has ex-
tended at least to the top of the fourth volution, if it has not extended to
the fifth; and has left a broad cicatrix marking the width of the callus bor-
dering the channel. On one or two of the fragments of the casts of the

spire the longitudinal or vertical folds of the upper volutions which charac-

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 223

terize the immature shell, or others where the coating has been removed, is
distinctly shown. Quite a number of examples have been studied, and no
feature appears by which to distinguish it from the typical specimens of the
species.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

CYPRAIDZ.

Genus CYPRA Linnezus.
CYPR2ZA SABULOVIRIDIS, n. sp.
Plate xxx, Figs. 20-22.

Casts of a species of Cyprea occur in the collection in use, but not
numerously. The species has been a small one with but few pronounced
features, and of these of course only the general form will be retained on
the internal casts. These remains are small, being but little more than 1
inch in length; the form is strongly ovate and somewhat ‘‘humped” near
the anterior end of the dorsal surface; anterior end of the cast distinetly
but not largely umbilicated, and the posterior end obtusely pointed and
suleated at the extremity; outer lip somewhat longer than the body of the
cast, enrolled but not deeply so; a few rather strong crenulations can be
distinguished upon it indicating teeth, and the entire surface of the cast is
smooth; aperture quite narrow.

Only one of the casts present shows the enrolling of the outer lip and
the size and form of the aperture entire. The specimen ‘has been slightly
compressed laterally, which may have somewhat exaggerated the “humped”
appearance of the dorsal surface, though I think not to any great extent.
Its form and size appear to have been somewhat like that of C. spheroides
Conrad, from the Jackson group, of Mississippi, described and figured in
Waile’s Geol. of Mississippi, but not near enough to be classed under the
same specific name, considering the difference in position, while it is still
further removed from C. Mortoni Gabb, of the Cretaceous Beds in New
Jersey.

224 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, and at Farmingdale, New Jersey. From the collection of
Dr. Kneiskern, now at Rutgers College, and from that of Dr. Lawrence
Johnson, of New York City.

CASSIDID.Z.
Genus CASSIDARIA.

CASSIDARIA CARINATA Lam. ?
Plate XxxIv, Figs. 18-22.
Cassidaria carinata Lam.: Hist., vol. 7, p. 217, of Deshayes and various authors.

Shell below a medium size, subglobose in general outline, but higher
than broad; whorls from four to five in number, the principal one large and
bordered by a broad reflected lip; spire moderately elevated, the volutions
distinctly but not largely exsert, but sharply carinated; body volution
marked by from three to five spiral carinations, three of which are dorsal
and strong, the other two being on the lower slope of the volution and not
always distinct; carinations nodose, the superior one having fewer and
stronger nodes than the next two, while on the two inferior carinas the
nodes are seldom shown. The volutions of the spire are also nodose on the
carination, the nodes being small and very numerous; aperture large, the
outer lip reflected, forming a wide, flange-like border; base of the shell
extended into a rather long, recurved, twisted beak and canal; surface of
the shell marked by fine spiral raised lines.

This shell is exceeding like Cassidaria carinata Lam., from the Paris
Basin Eocene, and imitates all the variations through which that one passes.
In fact, it is very difficult to say why it is not the same species, and I have
therefore placed it under the same specific name. It corresponds in nearly
all points with P. brevidenta Aldrich, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1885, p.
152, Pl. 3, Figs. 19@ and 20, but there is no evidence of the single varix on
the whorls as in that one, although I have not seen quite enough of the
matrix to ascertain positively if it may not have been provided with this dis-
tinctive mark.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collections of Rutgers College and Am,
Mus. Nat. Hist.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 225

DOLIID A.

Genus FICUS Rosseau.
FICUS PENITUS ?
Plate xxxiv, Fig. 5.

Pyrula penitus Conrad: Foss. Shells Tert., Ist ed., p. 32.

Pyrula tricarinata Con.: Foss. Shells Tert., 2d ed., p. 38, Pl. xv, Fig. 6.

Pyrula cancellata and P. elegantissima Lea: Cont. to Geol., pp. 154, 155, Pl. v,
Figs. 160, 161.

Sycotypus penitus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 26.

Priscoficus Smithii? (Sowerby) Conrad: Meek, Check List Eocene Foss., p. 16.

Pyrificus Smithii (Sow.) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732.

A single cast of a specimen, probably of this species, has been ob-
tained from the upper beds at Shark River. It presents the general fea-
tures of the species in all respects as to form and proportions, differing only
in the surface characters which here consist of revolving lines placed at
somewhat regular distances and are sharply elevated with concave spaces
between, being evidently only the stronger lines of the shell, while the
finer intermediate ones have not been visibly retained on the cast. But, on
examination with a strong glass, remains of the finer ones are seen. The
transverse lines, those parallel to the border of the aperture, are strong, irreg-
ular lines, although placed at nearly equal distances from each other. The
spire of the specimen is somewhat unusually elevated for the species, and
the top of the body volution flattened, with an angle separating it from the
general surface of the volution. This, however, is principally the effect of
compression, and in the shells as they occur at Claiborne, Alabama, there
is frequently a marked angle at this point. The species, as it occurs at
Claiborne, is extremely variable in surface markings; some examples being
finely and evenly cancellated over the entire surface by the transverse and
longitudinal lines, while others will have a few of the spiral or longitudinal
lines elevated into sharp carine forming deeply concave spaces between
marked by finer lines. Others are found which present all the gradations

MON XvilI——15

226 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

between these two extremes. Considering that these variations occur in the
shells, when the substance is preserved, among those recognized as of the
same species, I conclude this may easily represent one of them, more
especially as only a single individual has been seen for comparison.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Mazrls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

NATICID.

Genus NATICA Lamarck.
NaTICA GLOBULELLA 0. sp.

Plate xxxIv, Figs. 1-4.

Shell small, not exceeding half an inch in its greatest diameter, and
depressed globular in form, being somewhat broader than high, as seen in
internal casts, with a moderately rounded spire; volutions rotund, with
strongly marked sutures and apparently about four in number, only three
to three and a half showing in the cast; umbilicus open and of moderate
size, no evidence existing of a callus or thickened columellar lip; aperture
semilunate, rounded below and apparently narrowly rounded above; sur-
face destitute of markings, so far as can be detected on the casts, though
the matrix has not been examined.

This species, in its general form and proportions, resembles N. (Luna-
tia) semilunata Lea, but the umbilicus appears to have been entirely open
and too large for that species, and its form, as revealed by the casts, would
not indicate it as a Lunatia. It is possible it may have been identical with
some one of the several species of naticoid shells known from the Claiborne
or lower beds of the southern Eocene, but as far as its characters are
revealed, I should greatly doubt it.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Shark River, New Jersey. In the collections at Rutgers College and
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS, zee

ONUSTID.

Genus XENOPHORA Fischer de Wald.
XENOPHORA LAPIFERENS, 0. sp.
Plate xxxiv, Figs. 6-9.

Onustus extensus (Sow.?) Conrad: Labels on specimens in collection at Rutgers
College ; Meek, Check List Eocene Foss., p. 11.

Onustus , resembles O. extensus (Sowerby) Meek: Geol. N. J., Newark,
1868, p. 732.

Not Trochus extensus Sowerby: Mineral Conch., vol. 3, p. 140, Pl. 278, Figs. 2 a, b,
and 3.

Shell attaining a very fair size for the genus, depressed trochiform in
outline, the apical angle being nearly 120° in most specimens. Velutions
four to five in number, flattened in the direction of the spire, showing but
little depression at the suture lines, even on the internal casts; outer mar-
gin thin and acute, apparently bordered by a thin expansion, as in some of
the living forms. Base slightly convex, flattened, or in some instances
very moderately concave; axis solid in the shell, the casts scarcely show-
ing a perforation at this point. Aperture acutely triangular, the lip reced-
ing on the lower side, but extended forward along the margin of the pre-
ceding volution on the upper side. Surface of the shell, as shown on the
matrix, and often even on the internal casts, marked by diverging thread-
like lines, which are strongly directed forward in their passage from the
suture to the outer edge of the volution and are irregular, corrugated, and
often interrupted. The surface of the volutions has been further orna-
mented by the somewhat regular periodical attachment of small stones, and
rarely of shells, which were almost invariably attached to the middle of the
upper surface of the volution, and usually quite close to each other, their
size being usually graduated according to the width of the shell, the cica-
trices of attachment marking the casts usually, even quite to the apex.

This species seems to have been generally referred to Trochus extensus
Sowerby, which comes from the London clay of England. It is, however,
quite distinct, as seen when compared with one, as figured and described

228 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

in the Mineral Conchology, being less elevated above and less convex
below, and never umbilicated; while that one is only covered at the um-
bilicus when very old. Sowerby also distinctly states that that shell never
attaches foreign substances to its surface, while this one is quite covered,
and principally by small stones, even where shells appear to have been
abundant. In this respect it differs quite notably from Thorus leprosus
Morton, as that one principally used shells, and those frequently of large
size enough to quite disfigure the casts, while those of this species are
quite regular in outline.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
common at Shark River, New Jersey. I have also seen it from Farm-
ingdale.

SOLARITD.

Genus ARCHITECTONICA Bolton.

ARCHITECTONICA ANNOSA.

Plate xxxIv, Figs. 23-27.

Onustus annosus Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 42, Pl. 1, Fig. 4.
Comp. A. (Solarvwm) elaborata Con.: Tert. Foss. N. A., Pl. xvut, Fig. 4.

Mr. Conrad figures in the Am. Jour. Conch., loc. cit., under the name
Onustus annosus a specimen which I judge to be the cast of a species of
Architectonica, which is rather common in the Shark River Eocene Marls.
The specimens which I have figured under the above name were at one
time studied by him, and I presume the figure in the Journal was drawn
from one of them. External casts, or imprints of the exterior, however,
show quite distinctly that the shells were of the nature of the genus Arch-
itectonica Bolton—Solariwum Lamarck. Mr. Conrad’s description of his
Onustus annosus is as follows: ‘‘ Rather elevated; volutions five, rounded,
slightly channeled at top, and sculptured with revolving lines, which are
obliquely crossed by others, giving the cast a rugoso-tuberculated aspect;
lines on the last volutions five or six in number; periphery acute.”

There is nothing embraced in this description that might not apply
equally well to a species of either of these genera, unless it be the feature of

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 229

spiral striz, which is not one of Onustus, but a common one of the other
genus, while the figure given by the author most nearly resembles a speci-
men of Architectonica. The species as known from the casts may be char-
acterized as follows: Broad conical, the surface of the volutions flattened
in the direction of the spire, about five in number, flattened below and
acutely angular on the edge. Under surface of the shell very broadly
umbilicate, apparently exposing all the volutions in the cavity, their inner
margin rapidly sloping and giving to the whorl an irregular quadrangular
section. Surface of the cast marked by several spiral lines, and in some
cases the outer one bordered by a distinct elevated marginal band; under
surface marked by distinct transverse lines which combine near the inner
edge to form a series of somewhat transverse nodes along the margin.

The upper surface appears to have been granulose, judging from many
of the casts and imprints of the surface, which leaves one strongly impressed
with the feeling that the shells which made them were specifically identical
with Architectonica (Solarium) elaborata Conrad, from the sands of Clai-
borne, Alabama. I can not, however, find any evidence of spiral lines on
the base of the volutions, and the umbilicus has been very much larger in
proportion, being about half the width of the shell, whereas in that one it
is only about one-third of the whole width.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, and Farmingdale, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers

College and Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

SCALARITDZE.

Genus SCALARIA Lamarck.
SCALARIA TENUILIRATA, N. sp.
Plate xxxIv, Figs. 10-12.

Shell above a medium size, reaching 1} inches in length in the best
preserved matrix examined. Spire elevated, the apical angle measuring less

than 30°. Whorls ten or more in the perfect shell, eight showing in the matrix

230 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

and the apex still imperfect, leaving room for at least two others above
what is shown. Form of the volution circular, extremely ventricose with
deep strong suture lines. Aperture apparently circular except on the inner
side, where it seems to have been very slightly constricted, as seen on the
internal cast. Volutions crossed by very strong, elevated, and slightly
recurved vertical, lamellose folds, which have been extended on the top of
each volution in a short spire, as shown by the matrix (but which can not
be obtained by gutta-percha from the natural mold). Base of the principal
volution unknown. The shell is further marked by spiral striz, which are
exceedingly fine and are gathered into somewhat regular folds on the back
of the vertical ribs, and also on the intermediate surfaces.

This species is an exceedingly beautiful one, and has apparently attained
a rather large size. The base of the shell in the matrix used is destroyed
to a great extent, but it does not appear to have possessed the spiral ridges
common to a large group of these shells, consequently we may safely sup-
pose the axis to have been imperforate. In general appearance it is much
like S. octolirata Conrad (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 2d ser., vol. 4, p.
294), as identified and figured by Mr. T. H. Aldrich in his ‘Notes on
Tert. Foss.” in the Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1885, p. 153, Pl. m, Fig.
22, but the apical angle is much greater, the shell having been more robust
than that one; while in the matter of varices and surface striz, as well as
in the form of the volutions, it is quite dissimilar.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

TURRITELLIDZ.

Genus MESALIA Gray.

MESALIA ELONGATA, 0. sp.
Plate xxxIv, Figs. 13-15.

Shell attaining a very respectable size, slender, elongated, many
whorled, the number unknown, but certainly twelve or more, the rate of

increase in lateral dimensions very moderate; volutions rounded, with only

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 231

moderately marked suture lines dividing them, but usually wider than high;
shell quite thin, judging from the spaces left by its removal from between
the volutions on the casts; surface on the shell marked by eight or nine
sharply elevated, salient spiral ridges on each volution between the sutures,
the number on the last volution not ascertained; these ridges are divided
by concave interspaces, and are moderately regular, though in several cases
the two next above the suture are somewhat more distant than those above;
this feature, however, does not hold good in all cases. There are also faint
indications in the matrices of fine transverse lines of growth crossing the
ridges, and strongly directed backward in passing from the suture down-
ward on the matrix, indicating a broad sinuous lip in the shell. Form of
the aperture, columella, and base of lip unknown.

The species is represented by numerous examples, both of internal
casts and matrices, but always flattened to a greater or less extent. Some of
these indicate specimens of not less than 24 inches in length, probably con-
siderably more, and have a breadth across the lower volution of over half
an inch, with probably half the number of volutions absent. It is just
possible that these casts represent a thin-shelled Turritella with rounded
volutions; still the surface striz or ridges are much more like those of
Mesalia, but the form of the aperture and lip being unknown, the final
determination of their true generic relations must be left for future discov-
ery. The spire differs so totally in its great elevation and very moderate
increase in diameter from that of any other species I know, that there
seems no difficuly in distinguishing: it.

Formation and locality: In the wpper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers College and Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.

232 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

Suborder PODOPHTHALMA.
PLEUROTOMARIID.

Genus LEPTOMARIA Deslonchamps.
LEPTOMARIA (?) PERLATA.
Plate xxxv, Figs. 1-4.

Pleurotomaria perlata Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 213, Pl. xx1, Fig. 7;
Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732.

Shell very large, depressed conical and rapidly spreading, whorls three
to four in number, broader than high, flattened on the top, angular or car-
inate on the periphery, and subangular on the upper lateral margin, with the
intermediate surface rapidly sloping to the periphery. Base very broadly
and gently convex for a little more than half its width from the edge, then
more rapidly rounding without any angulation into the deep, broad umbil-
icus in which all the volutions are visible, with a scarcely perceptible suture
line separating them; aperture wider than high, angular on the outer lower
edge, flattened above, and curved from the outer angle on the base to the
upper columellar margin; surface of the cast as seen on the best preserved
specimens very finely striated longitudinally, and showing evidence of a
very narrow slit in the aperture at the angle formed by the junction of the
outer sloping surface with the flattened upper surface of the volution. In
one example the slit extends for more than one-third of the length of the
volution.

Among specimens presenting the general features of this species in the
Shark River beds I find two well marked species which appear to have been
considered as one. Mr. T. A. Conrad described this form in 1865 asa
Pleurotomaria, and says: ‘This is the only Tertiary species known to occur
in the eastern beds of this country. It is one of the largest of the genus
and approximates P. supracretacea of D’Orbigny, Pal. France.” His descrip-
tion of the species is as follows: ‘Conical, depressed, rapidly widening to
the base; periphery slightly carinated; body whorl very wide, flattened

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 233

above; base convex-depressed, slightly indented on thé margin; umbilicus
profound.” The specimen which he used I suppose to be one of these now
before me, but it is a very trifle larger than his figure, while the umbilical
portion has been restored, as will be seen by the comparison of the two
figures of his plate. The specimen is marked with ink on the base, which
fact helps in its identification. I do not, however, understand the meaning
of his statement that the base is “ slightly indented on the suabmargin,” as no
such feature is visible on any specimen examined. This one differs from
the other associated forms in being more depressed, which may be partially
the result of compression in the rock, but it differs principally in the form
of the volution, being flattened on the top, and sloping on the outer mar-
gin, while the other, L. gigantea, is sloping from suture to suture without
any flattening on the top, and it has a much more elevated spire and truly
conical form.

Formation and locality: In the upper layer of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey, and is usually represented in collections by
detached fragments of the volutions. Collections at Rutgers College and

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

LEPTOMARIA GIGANTEA, 0. sp.
Plate xxxvil, Figs. 1 and 2.

Shell very large, conical in form, with an apical angle of 75° to 80°;
volutions probably five or six in number, nearly as high as wide, with the
surface obliquely flattened between the sutures in the direction of the spire,
or very slightly convex in the upper half, but without any flattening on the
top below the suture; base broadly and deeply concave, with a large per-
spective umbilicus, in which all the volutions would be shown in a perfect
specimen, and in the cast with a scarcely perceptible suture line between
them. From the outer basal angle, which is somewhat acute, the base is
very gently convex for a short distance within the margin, whence it curves
rapidly into the umbilical cavity; aperture large, rather higher than wide,
obliquely rhombic or trapezoidal in outline, with the basal line and inne
margin forming a continuous but increasing curve from the outer basal

angle to the upper inner angle; surface of the shell unknown, but that of the

234 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

cast showing irregular undulations transversely, and very strong indications
of an apertural slit of undetermined extent near the middle of the volutions
by the existence of a broad undefined elevation with a median impression
on the east.

This species differs from ZL. perlata Con. in wanting the flattening on
the upper surface of the volution in its greater elevation, stronger volutions,
and in the position of the slit. It is perhaps the most bulky gasteropod shell
in the New Jersey Tertiary Marls, having a diameter at the base of nearly
54 inches in its slightly flattened condition, and would have a height, if
complete at the apex, of fully 4 inches. I cannot conceive of any distor-
tion or compression which would produce from this one the form of volu-
lution which characterizes L. perlata.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls
at Mrs. Haight’s pits, Bayley’s Corners, Wall Township, New Jersey. Col-
lection at Rutgers College.

LEPTOMARIA PERGRANULOSA, Nl. Sp.
Plate xxxvi, Figs. 3-6.

Shell of medium size, very broadly conical in form, having an apical
angle of about 125°, and apparently uncompressed; volutions five or more,
flattened on the surface in the direction of the spire, or with but a very
slight convexity between the suture lines; sutures very distinct but not at
all marked; base concave, the lower surface of the volution very gently
convex between the acutely angular periphery and the margin of the um-
bilical cavity, the latter feature being of moderate width and open to the
apex of the spire, showing all the volutions within it; aperture transversely
lenticular in form, being acute at the outer and inner margins, and twice as
wide as high; slit in the aperture narrow, thread-like, situated nearly mid-
way between the upper and lower margins of the volution, or a very little
above the middle of the width; surface of the shell, as obtained from an
external imprint, entirely granulose or cancellate-granulose, formed by
fine, deep, longitudinal lines and nearly equally strong transverse lines.
These latter arch gently backward from the upper edge of the volution to
the line of the slit, and below it are directed forward to nearly the same

GASTEROPODA OF THE EVUCENE MARLS. 935

extent as above. The position of the extremely narrow slit is marked by
an elevated line on each margin.

This shell differs from L. perlata in the form of the volution, wanting
the flattening of the upper surface, and from L. gigantea in its more spread-
ing form and greater apical angle.

Formation and locality: Inthe upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

TREMATOFUSUS, n. gen.

Shell short fusiform, with rounded, ventricose body volution, and
slender, straight anterior beak and narrow canal, and smooth columella.
Volutions ornamented by fine spiral lines, and on the upper part with a
series of small tubular nodes, which appear to have formed a series of per-
forations around the periphery of the volution similar to those of Polytremaria
D’Orb. from the Carboniferous formation. Type 7. venustus.

I propose the above generic, name for a species of shell for whien I can
find no established generic group. The specimens of the only species known
are internal casts, and their matrices in green marl; but all the features
of the shell are easily obtainable from those in hand. The shell quite
closely resembles a high spired form of Polytremaria, provided with a mod-
erately long, straight, and slender beak, which in the typical species is about
equal to the height of the spire. Except for the perforated nodes or sub-
spines, which rise quite abruptly from the body volution, the shell would
form a rather short, wide-bodied Fusus, with a rounded and abruptly spread-
ing body volution. Of course, as I have only the casts and matrix to judge

from, I can not positively affirm that these nodes or spines were really per-

forated during life—still they present every reasonable evidence of having

been so formed. The shells have been extremely thin in texture.
TREMATOFUSUS VENUSTUS, Nn. sp.
Plate xxxv, Figs. 5-7.

Shell of moderate size, with an elevated, rather slender spire and very
rapidly increasing body volution, and witha slender, straight anterior canal,

equaling in length the height of the spire. Upper volutions four in num-

236 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ber, somewhat flattened on the periphery and rapidly sloping on the upper
surface, ornamented by fine spiral lines and on the angle by a series of
transverse nodes, and by a second line of inferior nodes below. The body
volution increases much more rapidly in diameter than do those above, and
is rounded and ventricose; presenting a scarcely perceptible angulation at
the point of greatest diameter, but with a single stronger raised line in place
of the angle, with sharply elevated, rounded, and apparently perforated
nodes, representing the upper line of nodes of the spire, and gradually
increasing in distance with the growth of the shell. Aperture rather large,
subcircular, contracted below into a narrow canal. Columella slender,
straight, and smooth. Surface marked by fine, raised spiral lines which are
even, rounded, and contiguous, except on the lower side of the volution and
beak, where they slightly alternate in size.

This species is peculiar for the large size of the body whorl in pro-
portion to the diameter of the whorls of the spire, presenting thereby a
peculiar wheel-like character midway between the extremities of the spire
and anterior beak. The species is quite an abundant one in the Shark River
marls, being represented in the collection by individuals of all sizes up to
that of the figured specimen, and showing the nodes in all degrees of devel-
opment, only the larger ones showing them to have been perforated.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,
at Shark River, New Jersey. Collections at Rutgers College.

Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

TECTIBRANCHIATA.

TORNATELLID.

Genus ACTAXONEMA Conrad.
Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 147 = Celatwra Con.; ibid., pp. 28 and 35.

There seems to have been at different times when dealing with it
some strange misunderstanding or misconception in Mr. Conrad’s mind as

to what shell he intended to found this genus upon. In his first reference

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 237

of species to the genus Celatura, on page 28 of the work cited above, he
includes forms evidently belonging to the Pyramidellide, and places them
next to Obeliscus, where they certainly belong. Then on page 35, in the same
list of species, under Acteonida, he groups it again, but includes only one
of the two previously included species. Subsequently in the same volume,
on page 147, he changes the name from Ce@latura to Act@onema without stating
why the change is made, and gives a generic description, citing Pasithea
striata of Lea as the type, referring to a figure on Pl. 11, Fig. 3, which is so
entirely different and unlike Mr. Lea’s figure and species that there can be
no relation whatever between them, and which might readily be mistaken
for a poor figure of Tuba striata Lea, which I rather suspect it was originally
intended for. Further on, on page 213 of the same volume, he describes a
species from New Jersey under the name Act@onema prisca, figuring it on
Pl. xx1, Fig. 3, which, in the condition in which he studied and figured it,
might very readily be mistaken for a specimen of Tuba striata Lea, but
which on closer examination proves to be an Act@on. My. Conrad’s figure
of Pasithea striata Lea we are left to infer is of natural size, and is over
three-fourths of an inch long, with strongly rounded volutions, but Mr. Lea’s
figure is of a shell seldom more than one-fourth of an inch long; has volu-
tions flattened in the direction of the spire, and presents a distinct fold on
the columella. Considering the above facts I infer that Mr. Conrad orig-
inally intended to base his genus upon Pasithea striata Lea, and subsequently,
when he wrote the description, confounded his originally intended generic
type with Tuba striata Lea, and still held that idea when describing the New
Jersey species given below. Owing to this confusion in regard to the genus,
I have not recognized it as valid for either group, and especially as in either
case it would be a synonym.

ACTON PRISCA.
Plate xxxvi, Figs. 7, 8.

Actewonema prisca Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 213, Pl. xx1, Fig. 3;
Meek, Geol. N. J., Newark, 1868, p. 732.

Shell of about the medium size for the genus, the type specimen used
by Mr. Conrad in his description and figure measuring three-fourths of an

238 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

inch in length, with a transverse diameter at its widest point equal to about
one-half the length, the specimen being very slightly compressed. Spire
elevated, three volutions being preserved in the cast above the body whorl,
yolutions ventricose, rounded, the last one measuring about three-fifths of
the entire length; aperture elongated, elliptical in outline; columella mod-
erately long, curved, marked by a single fold in its lower part. Surface of
the cast marked by proportionally strong impressed lines, leaving rounded
ridges between; no evidence of puncte in the lines can be detected, either
on the cast or in the matrix, although they may have existed on the shell.

This species is rather uncommon in the marls of New Jersey, for
among all the shells and casts of this formation which have come under
my observation only a single specimen, and that the type used by Mr.
Conrad, has been observed. It is readily distinguished from any of the
Cretaceous species by its general form and height of spire. Mr. Conrad
did not remove the specimen from the matrix, consequently did not find the
fold on the columella, and referred it to his genus Acteonema. (See obser-
vations on that genus.)

Formation and locality: In the stony layers at the top of the Upper
Green Marls (Eocene), at Shark River, New Jersey. Rutgers College col-
lection.

Genus TORNATELLZA Conrad.

TORNATELLZA LATA.
Plate xx xvi, Figs. 9, 10.
Tornatellea lata Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1. p. 212, Pl. xx, Fig. 13.

Shell of medium size, ventricose or broadly ovate in outline, spire
short, the outer volution forming the principal part of the shell; volutions
about four in the cast, rounded, with distinct sutures; aperture rather large,
more than half as long as the entire shell; columella short, apparently
straight and marked by two distinct and rather distant folds, one at the
base, the other near its upper part; surface of the shell and cast marked by
strong, impressed, spiral strize, with rounded ridges between. There appears
to have been puncte in the depressed lines, but the evidence of this is not
quite satisfactory.

GASTEROPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 239

This shell differs from 7. prisca Con., found associated with it, in its
shorter and more ventricose form, shorter spire, and in the possession of two
distinct columellar folds, instead of only one as in that species. The spiral
lines are also somewhat more distant on the only specimens seen. The
specimens agree very closely with Mr. Conrad’s figure cited above, differ-
ing only in the very slightly greater elevation of the spire in the casts
This, however, would naturally occur in the cast, although the number of
volutions is usually less, as they are generally slightly longer. Mr. Con-
rad’s specimen was doubtfully from Alabama, and preserved the shell sub-
stance.

Formation and locality: In the stony Eocene layer of the Upper Green
Marls, at Shark River, New Jersey. Rutgers College collection.

Genus TORNATINA Adams.

TORNATINA WETHERELLI.
Plate xxxvi, Fig. 11.

Acteon Wetherelli Lea: Cont. to Geol., Phila., 1833, p. 213, Pl. v1, Fig. 224.
Tornatina Wetherelli (Lea) Conrad: In Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 35.

I have not seen this shell, nor any representative of it, so give Mr-
Lea’s description below, and copy his figure. The description is as follows:

“Shell cylindrical, truncate above, smooth; substance of the shell
somewhat thick; spire short and truncate; suture impressed; columella with
one fold; whorls four; mouth narrow, about four-fifths the length of the
shell; outer lip simple; length nearly 0.2, breadth 0.1, of an inch.” The local-
ity assigned to the specimen is ‘Deal, New Jersey.” In Mr. Conrad’s list
he gives it as from “Claiborne,” Alabama, but I presume Mr. Lea under-
stood full as well whence he obtained it, though no shells in that condition

have been obtained from Deal so far as I know.

__ GEPHALOPODA.

MON XVIII——16

SECTION V.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS OF NEW JERSEY.
Class CEPHALOPODA.

Order TETRABRANCHIATA.
Family NAUTILID.
Genus NAUTILUS Breyn.

NavuviLus DEKAYI.
Plate xxxvui, Fig. 1-6; and Plate xxxvu1, Figs. 1-4.

Nautilus Dekayi Morton: Synopsis, p. 33, Pl. vut, Fig. 4, and Pl. xm, Fig. 4;
Gabb, Synopsis, p. 30; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 277; Meek,
Check List, p. 25; Geol. Sur. N. J., 1868, p. 731; Invert. Paleont., vol. 9,
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., p. 496; Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., vol. 8, p. 280; Hall & Meek, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Boston,
vol. 5, new ser., p. 406; Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 4, new
ser., p. 276.

Shell of medium size, strongly subglobose in general form. In the
condition of casts, that in which it is usually found in New Jersey, it is
slightly umbilicate, but in the shell the axis is solid and somewhat extended
laterally from the body of the volution, so that the posterior margin of the
aperture is straightened on each side of the involved inner whorl, and as
seen from the back of the shell presents a strongly auriculate feature, like
that of a globular Bellerophon. Section of the volution from the umbilicus
outward more than semicircular, and the umbilical region impressed in the
shell, or somewhat funnel-formed in the cast; aperture large, transverse,
nearly twice as wide as long measured from the involved volution, which

243

244 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

strongly modifies the form of the aperture and gives it a strongly reniform
character; septa distant and very deeply concave, the sutures very nearly
at right angles to the axis on the main portion of the volution, but form-
ing a very slight backward sinus on the middle of the back, and also
slightly bent backward within the umbilical depression as seen on the casts;
siphon subcentral, a little nearer to the ventral than to the dorsal margin.
Surface of the shell marked by fine transverse lines of growth which are
arched strongly backward in crossing the middle of the shell, and forward
on the sides.

I have seen but few specimens of the casts of this species, and none
showing remains of the substance except Dr. Morton’s type specimens, so
the species does not appear to be common in New Jersey, although exten-
sively identified from other parts of the country, usually, however, without
direct comparison with New Jersey specimens. I have seen but few casts
from other parts of the country which I should feel warranted in consider-
ing as undoubtedly identical with the New Jersey shells; even those from
the Black Hills, which are perhaps the nearest like it of any I have
studied, differ very materially in general form. Dr. Morton’s type speci-
men, which consists only of the outer chamber and forms but little more
than half of a volution, shows the umbilical auriculations, and retains the
shell in part, shows it to have had a solid axis and very broad aperture, in
which it differs from any other which I have seen. The figures of this
specimen given I think will present a somewhat different idea of the species
from that which appears to have been usually entertained.

Formation and locality: In the Lower Green Marls, at Burlington and
Mullica Hill, and in Monmouth County, New Jersey, the latter being the
type specimen of Dr. Morton, now in the cabinet of the Phila. Acad. Nat.
Sci.

NavutTiLus Bryanl.
Plate XXXVIII, Figs. 5, 6.

Nautilus Bryant Gabb: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1876, p. 277.

Shell large and strong, somewhat compressed on the sides; giving a
section to the volution, from the margin of the umbilicus to the dorsum,

greater than the width from side to side. Umbilicus small, but open

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 245

in the shell. Dorsum sharply rounded. Septa distant, rather deeply con-
cave; arched forward on the margin of the umbilicus and slightly backward
on the sides, but strongly arched forward on the dorsum. Siphon rather
large, situated about two-fifths of the entire distance of the length of the
septum from the inner border. Aperture as shown by the section of the
volution, longer than wide and deeply emarginate on the inner border by
the intrusion of the inner volution, giving it a compressed reniform outline.
Surface of the shell unknown.

The type specimens of this species, which are before me, consist of
two fragments of casts, one consisting of about half of an inner volution
preserving seven chamber fillings; and parts of four chambers of a much
larger specimen show it to have been a rather large shell of a form much
like the living Nautilus umbilicus, but with the umbilical cavity less angular
on the margin and rounded within; the outer volutions embracing the inner
ones to nearly the same extent. The sides of the volutions are not quite
so much flattened near the umbilical region, giving a little greater propor-
tional thickness to this part of the shell. It is so distinct from N. Dekayi of
the Lower Green Marls that it is not necessary to compare it with that species.
It is less unlike the forms of Nautilus found as casts at Prairie Bluff, Ala-
bama, andin many parts of ‘Texas known as N. perlatus Morton, but so far
as I know those are not umbilicated, consequently it presents a radical differ-
ence in this respect. There are some discrepancies between Mr. Gabb’s
description and the specimens which it may be well to note. For instance,
he states that the sides are flattened and “nearly parallel,” which I find to
be very far from the case, especially in the larger specimen. He also states
that the siphon is “small” and “central.” It is considerably nearer the
inner margin than the center in both specimens, and in the larger one is fully
three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter, being very much larger than in the
living form of Nautilus.

Formation and locality: In the yellow lime sands of the Middle Marl
Beds at Vincentown, New Jersey, having been collected by the late Col.
Bryan, and is now in the cabinet of the Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

246 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Genus HERCOGLOSSA Conrad.

HERCOGLOSSA PAUCIFEX.
Plate xxxIx, Fig. 1.

Aturia paucifexr Cope: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, pp. 3, 4.
Hercoglossa paucifex (Cope) Meek: Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 731.
2 Nautilus orbiculatus Tuomey : 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 167, vol. 7.

In 1866 Prof. E. D. Cope presented before the Acad. Nat. Sciences in
Philadelphia a specimen of Aturia-like shell, which he described as fol-
lows, under the name Aturia paucifex: ‘Uncovered chambers, nine; sep-
tary processes elongate, acuminate, shallow, diverging outward from a spiral
line joining their bases; well separated from the succeeding septa; dorsal
portions of the septa short, very eccentric as regards each other; ventral
portions opposite them, forming nearly a right angle with the ‘ventral out-
line. Siphuncle small, more dorsal than the end of the dorsal fourth of
the diameter. Ventral surface broad rounded; septal processes scarcely
visible on the ventral view.” ear of the last chamber 3 in. 11 lines;
of first visible (at siphuncle), 22 Median diameter (from penultimate
chamber) 8 inches.

Among the New Jersey cephalopoda eared from the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I find a large internal cast of an Aturia-
like species under the name Nautilus orbiculatus, with the locality ‘“ Glou-
cester, N. J.” On the cast is pasted a label, bearing the name “Aturia
paucifex; Cope’s type, Hercoglossa,” then one or two words obliterated, after
which follows ‘Glassboro, Gloucester Co., N. J.”. The words Aturia pau-
cifex Cope’s type, and the obliterated words, have been crossed out with
pencil and ‘“N. orbiculatus?” appears in ink above the original name. The
specimen I believe to be the type of Prof. Cope’s species, as it agrees
with his description and also with the measurements given, but does not
agree with Prof. Tuomey’s description of N. orbiculatus ; at least not as I
understand some parts of his very short and obscure diagnosis, which is
as follows: “Shell somewhat discoid, thick in the center and gradually
thinner toward the circumference; last chamber very large, spreading at
the umbilicus; siphunculus nearly central; septa profoundly undulated,
showing on the back a recurved lip.” Prof. Cope appears to have con-

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 247

sidered the inner face of the volution as the dorsal, which is perhaps
correct enough in speaking of the animal, but Dr. Tuomey says the septa
shows on the back a recurved lip, which, if we consider the back the outer
surface or edge of the volution, as is usually done, this is entirely wrong
for this cast, as the septa extend directly across the back and over to the
septal process in an almost straight line. Therefore, if Dr. Tuomey’s de-
scription is correct for his species, which I have never seen, this one must
be an entirely distinct species. I shall at any rate consider it as A. pau-
cifex of Cope, and disregard Dr. Tuomey’s name until further evidence is
obtained. If they prove identical Dr. Tuomey’s name has precedence, as
it was given in 1854, while Dr. Cope’s name dates only from 1866. The
present shell may be more fully described as follows:

Shell large, somewhat ponderous, ventricose, with a broadly rounded
back and convex sides; umbilicus slightly impressed, but not open, the
inner edge of the lip rather overlapping the one within, and the outer volu-
tion embracing the imner to that extent; aperture large, forming half of a
long ellipse, being rounded on the outer margin and gradually expanding
to the edge of the umbilical depression or for nearly four-fifths of the entire
length of the opening. On the inner side it is strongly modified by the
projection of the inner volution; entire length of the apertural opening 54
inches on the specimen; greatest width across nearly 4 inches. Septa
strong, deeply concave and distant, being nearly 3 inches apart on the back
of the specimen described at the third chamber, and nine chambers only
visible to the volution; lateral septal processes situated nearer to the outer
margin than to the umbilicus, and are large, strong, slightly directed out-
ward from a circular line half as wide across the origin as long, that of the
second septum shown on the specimen being 2 inches long from the curve
of the inner portion of the septum and 1} inches on the outer side. Inner
portion of the septal line moderately arched forward between the umbilical
line and the septal process (or lateral lobe) and reaching slightly in advance
of the outer division, which from the base of the process or lobe extends
almost directly across the back of the shell; siphon rather large, measuring
more than a quarter of an inch in diameter at the outer chamber, cylindrical

as far as can be seen; situated at about one-fifth or a little more than one-

248 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

fifth of the distance from the margin of the inclosed volution to the back
of the shell from the inner edge. Prof. Cope states at the edge of the inner
fourth.

The shell substance, some of which remains on the inside of the cast
and between two of the chambers, has been very thick, more than a six-
teenth of an inch, and presents an imperfect columnar or prismatic structure
on the edge. The sides of the cast also show it to have been very heavy
where the septa have joined the outer shell, as the cast shows the ridges
and chamfering of the edges when the shell has been removed. Some of
the cavities left between the filling of chambers also are nearly or quite a
line in thickness. Longitudinal lines also mark the cast, showing evidence
of muscular attachment along the sides of the chambers between the
umbilical cavity and the septal processes or lateral lobes of the septa.

Mr. Meek refers this species to Conrad’s genus Hercoglossa, which was
founded upon Nautilus orbiculatus Tuomey. Conrad’s description of the
genus in the Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 2, p. 101, is as follows: “Nautiloid;
septa angular and linguiform; apex of the angle, or tongue-shaped lobe,
not contiguous with the adjacent septum; siphon large or moderate, situated
within the center, or between the middle and inner margin, and not dorsal

> Aturia should have

or funnel-shaped, but tubular and gradually tapering.’
a funnel-shaped, dorsal siphon, which this species has not, consequently
can not be a true Aturia. Dr. Tuomey’s N. orbiculatus, which was Conrad’s
type of Helicoglossus, is probably at least generically if not specifically
identical with this, so that this will at least fall under that genus.

Formation and locality: I think there can be no reasonable doubt of
the authenticity of the locality of the specimen used and figured, being as
marked on the label attached: Glassboro, Gloucester County, New Jersey.
Prof. Cope states under his description that it was found at Heritage’s marl
pits associated with Terebratula Harlani and Teredo tibialis, which would
place it in the Middle Marls. There is also in the Academy’s collection parts
of two chambers of the same species from Vincentown, New Jersey, collected
by T. M. Bryan, Esq., which would also most probably be from the Middle

Marls, as both these and the Upper Marls are near together at that point. -

Another fragment in dark brown material occurs in the tray with the frag-
ments of Am. telifer, marked simply “N. J.”

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 249

AMMONITID.

Genus AMMONITES Brug.
AMMONITES COMPLEXUS.
Plate xxi, Figs. 5-7.
Ammonites complexus Hall and Meek: Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Boston,
new ser., vol. 5, p. 394, Pl. 1v, Fig. 1; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 9; Meek, Check
List, p. 24; Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 730; Invert. Paleont., U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, p. 447, Pl. xxiv, Fig. 1.

A single fragment only of this species has so far been recognized from
New Jersey. It consists of less than an inch in length of a volution having
a less diameter than the original specimen figured by Messrs. Hall and Meek;
but it appears to have had a somewhat greater curvature, and consequently
has the appearance of having been a somewhat larger shell, though from
this imperfect fragment it would be difficult to say positively that such was
the case. The volutions were nearly circular in section and strongly em-
bracing, nearly one-third of the outer one having overlapped the inner one.
It has been crossed by low, rounded, transverse ridges, and broad, shallow
furrows, without nodes; the ridges becoming almost obsolete on the central
line of the back. Septa extremely complex and very closely arranged; so
closely that the branches of one septum interferes with and overlaps the one
behind it, so as to make it extremely difficult to trace the division of any
one septum even as far as the fragment preserves them. The extremities
of the digitations are slender and quite mucronate, presenting almost the
same features as those of Placenticeras tilifer. In this respect it differs from
all other species yet observed in the New Jersey formations except that
one. ‘The dorsal lobe is more than half an inch long, and only slightly
divided below on the median line; the main divisions are separated each
into three compound divisions, each of which has many mucronate points;
above this there is one principal digitation on each side which has three
terminal points, and one or two farther up on each side. The first lateral
lobe has three terminal compound divisions, with one smaller division on

each side above, and a minor one still higher. The second lateral lobe is

250 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

somewhat smaller than the first, but its divisions and branches are not trace-
able on the specimen. The first sinus is about equal in size to the first
lateral lobe, and is divided at the summit into three double divisions by
three minor lobes, each of which has several points along the sides and on
the extremity.

The specimen differs somewhat in details of the septa from the Upper
Missouri River specimen originally described by Hall and Meek, as well as
in having a greater circle of curvature along the circumference of the volu-
tion, and the volution has also been relatively narrower from side to side:
These differences, as well as the sharply pointed form of the divisions of
the lobes of the septa, lead one to suspect that were the specimen more
perfect a very differently shaped species would be the result. Still, from
the very imperfect and unsatisfactory material, it would hardly be safe to
designate it as a distinct species.

Formation and locality: The fragment is from a whitish clay marl
with ferruginous markings, but is without locality. It has the lithological
characteristics of the white limestone clay at Holmdel, New Jersey, and is
most probably from the Lower Marl Beds at that place. The specimen is
from the cabinet at Rutgers College, and is that upon which Mr. W. M.
Gabb made the identification of the species in his Synopsis, p. 9, and bears

his label.

AMMONITES DENTATO-CARINATUS.
Plate xu1, Figs. 3, 4.

Ammonites dentato-carinatus Roemer : Texas, p. 417 ; Kreid. von Texas, p. 33, Pl.
1, Fig. 2, a, b,e; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 9 ; Meek, Check List Cretaceous, p. 24.

5:

A single small fragment of this species comes to me from the collection
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. at Philadelphia, labeled as coming from the Creta-
ceous of New Jersey, and there seems to be no valid reason for doubting
the locality, as it bears resemblance to the white limestone nodules from
Marlboro and Holmdel, New Jersey. The specimen is but little more
than an inchin length, and is afragment of a volution of medium size, rep-
resenting about three of the chambers. The shell when entire has been

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 251

compressed discoidal, with a proportionally small umbilicus, the volutions
have been sharp on the dorsal edge and marked by a series of undulations
which gave rise to the specific name. The sides are ornamented by two
lines of nodes which divide the surface into three nearly equal spaces, also
by transverse ridges which are low and rounded, and pass from the margin
of the umbilicus almost directly across the volution to a node one-third of
its breadth from the margin, and are then bent sharply forward, their con-
vexity giving rise to the undulations on the dorsal carination. Some of
the ridges bifurcate at the inner line of nodes, each branch reaching the
margin as independent ridges, but the fragment is too small to show how
frequently this feature occurs.

The septa of this specimen from New Jersey appear to be as nearly
like that figured by Dr. Roemer, above cited, as could be expected in any two
individuals from the same locality, consisting of a proportionally large
dorsal lobe and three lateral lobes, visible on the side of the volution, with
another just within the limits of or on the side of the umbilicus. The dorsal
lobe has the main divisions bifurcating, forming two nearly equal branches,
with numerous slender digitations ; the other is single, slender, elongate, and
with five or six digitations. The first lateral lobe is large and somewhat
complicated, having five principal divisions with numerous digitations. The
other lobes are much smaller and less complicated, but all have slender,
narrow digitations. Between the dorsal and first lateral lobe there is a long
slender intermediate lobe with three to five digitations on a side. The
sinuses are less complicated than the lobe, and have the terminations usu-
ally rounded, while those of the digitations of the lobes are usually sharply
pointed and narrow.

The specimen bears no evidence of the siphon.

Formation and locality: The specimen, which is a small fragment only
of a single volution, is entirely a cast in a hard ferruginous sandy clay,
with a few grains of glauconite scattered through it, and may have come
from the white limetone nodules near the base of the Lower Green Marls,
at Holmdel, Marlboro, or some of the other outcrops of this material
within the State. As it is the only fragment of the species yet noticed,

there may be some question as to its locality until others are fi yund.

252 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

AMMONITES DELAWARENSIS.

Plate xxi, Fig. 6-9; and Plate xxi, Figs. 1, 2.

Ammonites Delawarensis Morton: Am. Jour. of Science, Ist ser., vol. 18, Pl. 11,

Fig. 4; Synopsis, p. 37, Pl. 2, Fig. 5; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 9; Meek, Check

List Cret., p. 24; Geol. Surv. N. J., 1868, p. 730.

Dr. Morton describes this species as follows: ‘‘Volutions uncertain;
each whorl furnished with elevated transverse ridges, which bifurcate about
half way across, and terminate in prominent tubercles on the margin;
ridges marked by three or four conspicuous nodes; back between the
tubercles convex; probable diameter from 8 to 12 inches.”

The shell seems to have been a very variable one, especially so when
different periods of growth are considered. The young form was described
by Dr. Morton as A. Vanuxemi, in which condition it is somewhat discoid,
with a moderately large umbilicus with vertical sides; about one-half only
of the volution being embraced by the succeeding one; the narrow dor-
sum being triply keeled; the marginal keels being formed of obliquely
elongated nodes formed by the extremities of the numerous, rounded costz
which cross the sides of the volution. A row of nodes marks the ends of
the costee along the margin of the umbilicus, and three other lines occur
at nearly equal distances apart, between the first and the marginal row,
which forms the lateral keel. When more advanced in growth the sides
become rounded and convex; the dorsum proportionally wider and less
distinctly keeled; the volutions somewhat more involved within the outer
one, which gives a correspondingly narrower umbilicus in proportion to the
entire diameter; the ridges crossing the sides are proportionally less ele-
vated and the nodes less conspicuous. In a large cast sent me, as one of
the type specimens, from the Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, the thick-
ness at the edge of the umbilicus is 23 inches, when the width of the volu-
tion is 34 inches. A small specimen (figured on Pl. xu, Fig. 6), apparently
entirely uncompressed, presents a width on the side of the volution of three-
eighths of an inch, and a diameter of one-sixteenth less at the edge of the
umbilicus. The same features of the surface are present on both speci-
mens, differing only in degree.

a

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 253

The septa are marked by three lobes and an imperfect fourth one on
the inner margin, and by three sinuses. The dorsal lobe has a pair of
short, principal, digitate branches, with several small digitations along its
sides. First lateral lobe moderately large, with four principal, much ser-
rated branches, and two or more minor ones on the neck. The second
lateral is irregularly branched, having two or three divisions, and the one
bordering the umbilicus has the margin simply undulated. The first sinus
is very large and divided in the middle by a long, slender, digitate, minor
lobe, which extends nearly or quite half the length of the dorsal lobe. The
second sinus is not more than two-thirds the size of the first, and far less
distinctly divided. The small umbilical sinus has the margin rather deeply
undulated only. The margins of the sinuses are clavately undulated, and
those of the lobes more sharply serrated; the number and complication of
these features varying of course with the size and age of the shell. In
the young specimens, which have the characters of A. Vanuxemi Morton,
the complications of the lobes and sinuses are more simple, although all the
features are present, as may be seen by the diagrams given on the plate.

In Dr. Morton’s figure in his synopsis the septa are very incorrectly
represented, while the nodes and ridges are very strongly shown.

Formation and locality: The type specimens are all from Delaware, so
far as Lam aware. Dr. Morton gives the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal,
and states that he had another from Alabama. I have not seen it from else-
where than Delaware and New Jersey. The small specimen figured on our
plate is from near Burlington, New Jersey, and is in the Am. Mus. of Nat.
Hist.

AMMONITES VANUXEMI.
Plate xu, Figs. 1-5.
Ammonites Vanuxemi Morton: Am. Jour. Sci., Ist ser., vol. 18, Pl. m1, Figs. 3, 4 ;

Synopsis, p. 38, Pl. u, Figs. 3, 4.

A. Delawarensis (young specimen) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 18.
Not A. Vanuxemi Lea: Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 2d ser., vol. 7, p. 254, Pl. vin, Fig. 5.

This species appears to have been described from specimens of small
size, and imperfect. Dr. Morton remarks under the description given in his

Synopsis, p. 38, that the ‘supposed diameter” is 3 inches; also, that “larger

254 lALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

specimens have been found.” The type specimen came from Delaware.
The largest New Jersey example which I have seen is figured on the
plate as above. It bears all the characters of Dr. Morton’s species, but is
somewhat compressed laterally, so as to give it rather less thickness, but it
is certainly not the young of A. Delawarensis. On examining the type speci-
men of this latter species, the inner coils of which have been entirely
removed by decomposition, it is seen that up to a diameter of nearly 3
inches they would present much the same features as those possessed by
this specimen; only that the transverse diameter has been nearly or quite
an inch at the margin of the umbilicus, and that the sides are much more
convex, while the keeled character of the dorsum is much less conspicuous.
But it can readily be seen that all these features are liable to change with
the degree of lateral compression. 'The features of the septa appear to be
the same in two species, as will be seen by a comparison of the diagrams of
the small individual, which is enlarged to two diameters, with that of A.
Delawarensis, which is of mature size. The small individual from which
the figures above alluded to were made is the property of the Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., and comes from Burlington County, New Jersey. The type of
A. Vanuxemi originally figured by Dr. Morton, when compared with the
inner coils of the large specimen of A. Delawarensis figured on our plate,
is not more than half as thick laterally where the dorso-ventral diameter is
the same; and the transverse ridges are finer, less elevated, and present an
entirely different feature, which compression would fail to produce on forms
like A. Delawarensis.

Formation and locality: Mortou’s type was from the Chesapeake and
Delaware Canal, and is from the lower part of the Lower Marls. The Bur-
lington County, New Jersey, specimens would be from the same geological

horizon.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 255
Subgenus PLACENTICERAS Meek.
AMMONITES (PLACENTICERAS) PLACENTA.
Plate xx, Fig. 1, and Plate x1, Figs. 1 and 2.

Ammonites placenta Dekay : Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 278, Pl. v,
Fig. 2; Morton, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Ist ser., vol. 6, p. 195; Am.
Jour. Arts and Sci., vol. 18, Pl. m, Figs. 1-3; Synopsis, p. 36, Pl. u, Figs.
1 and 2; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 15; Meek, Check List Cret., p. 25; Geol. Surv.
N. J., 1868, p. 730.
Placenticeras placenta (Morton) Meek: Invert. Pal. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., p. 465.
Shell attaining a large size, subdiscoid or lenticular with a deep and
distinet umbilicus, the sides of which are gently rounded to the surface of
the volution, exposing only a very small portion of each of the inner volu-
tions within it. Dorsum of the shell narrowly rounded and the sides of the
volution gradually diverging from its edge to the point of greatest thick-
ness, which is only a short distance outside of the umbilicus. Aperture

eitate; on a cast before me where the volution has a width, from

elongate sag
the dorsum to the umbilicus, of 44 inches, the greatest thickness from side
to side is just 2 inches, the diameter of the shell being 8} inches. The sur-
face of the shell I have not seen on New Jersey specimens.

Septa closely interlocking, the lobes and their sinuses being of propor-
tionally small size, but very complicated, varying greatly in this particular
with the age of the shell. The interlocking of the septa is so great in the
very fine specimen mentioned above that it is impossible satisfactorily to
trace any single one entirely across the volution. The lobes in the larger
portion of the volution appear to be ten in number exclusive of the dorsal
lobe, and to be somewhat smaller than the corresponding sinuses, except
the second and third. The dorsal or siphonal lobe is very wide and deeply
forked.- The third lateral lobe, or fourth counting the dorsal, is larger than
any other, with two large lateral processes and a bifid extremity. The
others are generally trifid to the fifth or sixth, beyond this a few of them
are bilateral with two divisions on each side; some of the inner ones are
long and clavate, with three or four slight projections, while the two inner
ones are only serrate on the sides with a perceptibly swollen extremity.
There are intermediate lobes between all the principal ones, except the last

256 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

two, on the largest specimen in hand; but they vary in size and complica-

tion according to their position; that dividing the first sinus being about
equal in form and size to the seventh lateral lobe. The first sinus is large
and broad, each of its main divisions about equal in size to the third sinus:

Mr. Meek says in his Invert. Pal., p. 467, middle paragraph:

On comparing authentic specimens from New Jersey with others of nearly
equal sizes trom the Upper Missouri Cretaceous, they are found to agree well in
form as well as in all essential specific characters of the septa. The New Jersey
specimens generally have the septa less crowded and the lobes and sinuses propor-
tionally somewhat shorter; but it is evident that no specific, or even subspecific,
distinction can be based on such trivial differences.

The large specimen now before me, which belongs to the collection of
the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., was probably also in Mr. Meek’s hands while
writing, and was inall probability compared with the diagram of the septum
given of a western specimen, on page 466 of his work. But if any reliance
whatever is to be placed upon the details of the septa of ammonites of simi-
lar character for specific relations or differences, I can not see why these
two should be considered as being specifically identical. There is not the
slightest resemblance in detail between them, only a general resemblance.
In fact, almost the direct opposite of details prevails between the two when
examined side by side. The lobes in the New Jersey specimen all have
very narrow, constricted necks with a broad expansion below, while his
diagram shows a wide neck, usually narrowed gradually toward the ends,
the lateral branches decreasing in size from above downward in all the
principal lobes. The sinuses, which are broad, compact, and clavate in the
New Jersey form, are narrower and much less conspicuous in his figure,
with the divisions slender, lax, and contorted. If the two specimens are
specifically alike, what reliance can be placed upon detail of septa for the
identification of species? None of the New Jersey examples which I have
seen show any indications of the lines of nodes on the side of the shell as
in the western forms. To be sure they are all casts, but even on the casts
of the western forms these nodes are usually indicated, and on comparison
I find the differences in septa quite general as between them, and I am in-
clined to conclude that they are either distinct species, or that those features

which he with many others have considered as grounds for generic divi-

ee ee ae

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 257

sions and subdivisions are only of specific importance, and that they have
mistaken species for subgenera.

Formation and localities: The species is found in the Lower Marl Beds
quite generally throughout the State. - It is, however, never common, and
is found mostly in detached fragments. It is known from near Burlington,
from Mullica Hill, Neversink, Freehold, and many other places in New
Jersey; it also occurs in Delaware. Mr. Meek, besides the western localities,
gives in his Check List Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and New Mexico.
The species has been often cited from many different localities by various
authors. I am, however, very skeptical as to the true identification of
many of them.

AMMONITES (PLACENTACERAS) TELIFER.
Plate xu1, Figs. 10, 11.
Ammonites telifer Mort. : Synopsis, p. 38, Pl. 2, Fig. 7; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 17.

This species was named and figured by Dr. Morton in his Synopsis,
from a small fragment of the cast of a chamber, which gives the details of
only a part of one lobe of the septum, with small portions of others. No
description of the species was given, and no locality mentioned. The frag-
ment before alluded to is before me, with two others of much larger size,
and are labeled as from New Jersey. The specimens are most probably
parts of one individual, and were most likely all in Dr. Morton’s hands
when he wrote his notice and gave the name. They are evidently frag-
ments of a very large specimen having a close resemblance in general form
to A. placenta De Kay, but are very different in the details of the septa, and
consequently belong toa distinct species; therefore I think the name worth
retaining, although it appears to have been dropped from many lists. The
septa of the shell were very closely crowded, as shown on these fragments,
for the ramifications of the lobes interlock and interfere one with an-
other to such an extent as almost to defy an accurate figure or description.
The great peculiarity, however, and that which seems to separate it from
A. placenta, is the very extended and mucronate extremities of the ramifica-
tions of both lobes and sinuses; there being so little difference exhibited

between them as to render it extremely difficult to determine which are
MON XVII 7

258 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the lobes or which are sinuses. There appear to have been three com-
pound divisions of the lobes so far as can be seen on the fragments, and
the principal sinuses seem to have been bilobed. The back of the shell
has been round and on one of the fragments is seen to be about three-
eighths of an inch thick, and the siphon correspondingly large. The dorsal
lobe has been quite small, with three compound digitations on each side, in
the only place in which it can be seen, and extends not more than a fourth
of an inch below the upper line crossing the dorsum; outside of this is a
short, slender, compound, secondary lobe which divides the large first
lateral sinus into two principal divisions. The next lobe is large and has
its branches extending below the sinus and upon the rounded dorsum of the
shell. The entire details of this lobe can not be made out, but I have
figured it as far as it exists, so it can be seen and compared with that of
A, placenta given, from which it will be seen to differ very materially; too
much to have been a part of an overgrown specimen of the same species.

given

with the specimens. They are from a hard, brown, highly ferruginous

Formation and locality: There is no locality further than “N. J.”

sand, somewhat different from any specimens which I have before seen,
and T am inclined to think they may have come from the iron nodules found
near the surface of the plastic clays.

AMMONITES (SPHENODISCUS) LENTICULARIS.
Plate x1, Figs. 8, 9.

Ammonites lenticularis Owen, 1852, Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Iowa, Wis., and Mis-
souri, p. 579, Pl. vu, Fig. 5.

Ammonites lobatus Tuomey, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 7, p. 168;
Meek and Hayden, ibid., vol. 8, p. 280; Gabb, Synopsis, pp. 12, 13; Meek,
Check List, p. 24; Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 730.

Placenticeras (Sphenodiscus) lenticulare (Owen) Meek: Invert. Paleont. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, p. 473.

The above named species has been pretty generally recognized as a
New Jersey fossil, although I have been able to obtain only very small
fragments representing it, among all the collections to which I have had
access. These are, however, of so marked a character as to leave no ques-
tion of their identity. The fragments noticed consist, one of them, of casts

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 259

of three chambers, retaining two lobes and two sinuses each of two of them,
and a single lobe and sinus of the third; the other fragment, a cast of
several lobes and sinuses of chambers from near the umbilicus. They
represent a specimen of large size, probably not less than 7 or 8 inches in

diameter.

Fig. 1.—Placenticeras (Sphenodiscus) lenticulare (Owen) Meek. (From U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, p. 473.)

In external features this species is much like Am. (Placenticeras) placenta
De Kay, but is a little more spreading at the umbilicus, although the margin
of the volutions are closer together, and it is usually sharply rounded on
the back, instead of narrowly flattened as in that one until it is quite well
grown, often to a diameter of 7 or more inches before it becomes rounded.
Owing to the more spreading form of the umbilicus in this one, the point of
greatest diameter is nearer to the middle of the width of the volution than
in P. placenta, where it is quite near the inner margin. In the western forms
of P. lenticularis there are sometimes very indistinct and distant folds on the
surface, which radiate from the umbilicus, as shown by Mr. F. B. Meek on
his figure in the Invert. Paleont., as above cited, Pl. xxxiv, Fig. la. I have

not seen any indications of such a feature on any New Jersey examples of

260 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

P. placenta. The principal point of difference between these species, how-
ever, is in the form and details of the septal lines, as shown on the surface
of the casts. On P. placenta they are much branched, both on the lobes
and sinuses throughout, but in this form they are altogether more simple,
the lobes having two or three obtuse points on each of the divisions, and
the sinuses being simple for some distance from the umbilicus, then becom-
ing biclavate and outside of the middle of the breadth of the volution often
first irregularly triclavate, and sometimes with four clavate divisions in older
specimens. In specimens of large size, however, from Missouri, they are
seldom as strongly divided as those represented by Mr. Meek in his Fig. le,
Pl. xxxrv, of the work just cited. In the fragments of chambers seen from
New Jersey, although evidently from a specimen of large size, the sinuses
appear to have been simply bilobed, the division between the lobes having
two short points, while the lobes have the features shown in those of the
sixth to the ninth lobes of Mr. Meek’s figures. There is no feature on the
fragment by which I can definitely tell from what position within the breadth
of the volution the one fragment came, so that I can only surmise as to the
corresponding lobes of a more perfect specimen. But it is fair, probably,
to suppose that it came from near the position above mentioned, as if not,
or if it came from nearer the Outer edge, it would indicate a different form
from the western shells.

Formation and locality: The only fragment I have seen comes from
the marl pits of J. S. Cook, Esq., near Tinton Falls, New Jersey, and are
from the lowest layers of the Middle Marls, where they are associated with
Nautilus Dekayi and small specimens of Baculites ovatus of the Lower Marls,
as well as with many of the Molluscan remains of the Middle Marls, in a
yellowish green marl sand, which appears to be peculiar to that horizon, if
not to that locality.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 261

Genus SCAPHITES Parkinson.
SCAPHITES NODOSUS.
Plate xiiv, Figs. 13, 14.

Scaphites (Ammonites?) nodosus, Owen: Geo’. Surv., lowa, Wis., and Minn., p.
580, tab. 8, Fig. 4.

Scaphites nodosus (Owen) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 33; Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 12, p. 420; Meek, Check List Cret., p. 24; Invert.
Paleont. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, p. 426, and varieties; Whitf.,
Palebdnt. Black Hills of Dakota, p. 440, Pl. xm, Figs. 1-3.

A fragment of the outer chamber of a Scaphites, which presents all
the features of S. nodosus Owen, comes to me among the specimens from the
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. The specimen is without label of any kind, and is
associated in the tray with S. hippocrepis. The fragment bears every lith-
ological evidence of being from the green sands of New Jersey, and from
the Lower Beds. It is the lower end of the outer chamber from near the
last septum; having a little of the imprint of the convolutions of it near the
lateral margin, and continues to a little beyond the commencement of the
outer geniculation. It has a lateral diameter of 12 inches and a dorso-
ventral diameter of 13 inches from the back to the line of the horizontal
portion of the volution. The side is flattened and the back rounded; the
latter part marked by small transverse furrows which arch slightly forward
in crossing the shell, and are arranged so as to bring about five ridges with
their furrows within the space of half an inch in length on the middle of
the back. The side is marked by two lines of nodes, one at the lower
angle of the volution, and the other a short distance below the ventral line.
The last are inconspicuous, while the former are very strong, from three to
four in an inch space, and those on the horizontal portion transverse and
much larger; the others gradually growing smaller along the geniculation
toward the aperture. The side between the lower line of nodes and the
ventral margin is marked by strong transverse ridges, arising one from each
of the lower lines of nodes, but in some eases two of them unite at the
upper node, forming only one from that point to the ventral line; septa of
course unknown from the specimen.

The fragment gives evidence of haying attained a_size seldom exceeded
by the species at its localities in the Black Hills of Dakota, where it is quite

262 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

common, and from whence it was originally described. It is the first case
of its notice in New Jersey, and, so far as I am aware, at any point east of
the Missouri River.

Since writing the above, three other fragments, of somewhat smaller
size, have been noticed among the collections made by G. C. Schanck, in
the white limestone nodules at the base of the Lower Green Marls, near
Marlborough, New Jersey, having the same features, placing it beyond
doubt as a New Jersey fossil. These are in the State collections at New
Brunswick.

SCAPHITES HIPPOCREPIS.

Plate xuiv, Figs. 8-12.

Ammonites hippocrepis De Kay: Ann. New York Lyceum, vol. 2, p. 5, Fig. 5.

Not Ammonites hoppocrepis Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Ist ser., vol. 6,
p. 88, Pl. v, Fig. 5.

Scaphites hippocrepis Morton: Synopsis, p. 41; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 32; Meek,
Check List Cret., p. 24; Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 730.

Scaphites Cuviert Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1st ser., vol. 6, p. 109, PI.
Nalui, UBavee ile

This species was originally described by Dr. De Kay from an imper-
fect fragment, but subsequently redescribed, from a very perfect cast, by
Dr. Morton in his Synopsis. The specimen which he used is now in my
hands, together with the outer chamber of a much smaller individual. Dr.
Morton’s specimen is ovate in general outline, with a very ventricose outer
chamber, which has the greatest transverse diameter below the outer angle
of the horizontal portion, a little within the point from which rises the line
ot the hood-like aperture; above the point indicated the diameter rapidly
decreases again to the line of the aperture. The inner coils, the number
of which can not be determined, are laterally compressed, although they
might be considered as ventricose for a shell of the genus, being nearly as
large transversly as in a dorso-ventral direction, but in comparison with the
very rapidly increasing outer portion of the shell, from the origin of the
horizontal portion to the point of greatest diameter, this inner part seems
quite constricted. From the position of the last septum, which terminates

at the umbilicus of the inner part, the ventral margin rises abruptly, giving

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 263

an abruptly increased vertical height to the neck or straight part to the
base of the aperture; the line of which is exactly rectangular to it, and
slightly infolded on the edge; surface of the shell marked throughout by
transverse undulations, small on the inner coils and frequently bifurcating,
but directed straight across the shell from the ventral line. On the hori-
zontal portion they are much stronger and coarser, and above the outer
geniculation they again become as fine and close as on the inner coils.
The shell is further ornamented by two lines of nodes along the sides; the
outer lines the smallest on the outer chamber, the other line imperceptible
on the coiled part. At the angle of the outer geniculation there exists the
largest node of all and outside of it two or three smaller ones. Septa
somewhat closely arranged, but rather simple in structure, composed of a
dorsal and three lateral lobes; dorsal lobe with four divisions, two on each
side of the central line, the first division doubly clavate, the other with
four rounded projections on the outer side; second lobe, or first lateral lobe,
with two main divisions widely separated, each of which is deeply bifur-
cate, with slight lobations near their extremities; second lateral lobe small,
clavate with a trilobed end; third lateral lobe only about half the size of
the second, but of similar form; first sinus much wider and larger than the
first lateral lobe, with four double divisions (one of which in the septum
drawn is imperfect); second sinus with two double or bilobed divisions;
third sinus simply bilobed, and the third simple; the septum figured and
its details here given is the second from the outer chamber of Dr. Morton’s
figured specimen and gives the details of course much more developed than
would a septum at an earlier stage of growth.

Dr. De Kay described this species originally from an imperfect cast of
the outer chamber of only medium size, which appears to have been the
property of the New York Lyceum, and was from Delaware. I have
before me at the present time a similar specimen of somewhat smaller size,
having only about half the diameter of the one figured, but showing the
same features on a reduced seale. The species is peculiar among all the
American Scaphites in the rapid lateral increase in size of the central por-
tions of the outer volution, which gives it a peculiar form and appearance

which will readily distinguish it.

264 PALEONIOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Formation and locality: One of the specimens, the one figured, came
from the deep cut of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and is from a
highly ferruginous, siliceous sand, which belongs to the Lower Marl Beds
of New Jersey. As it is so near the limits of the State, it will no doubt
be found, if it has not already been found within the State. The smaller
individual is of similar character, but of a fier material, with a large pro-
portion of iron, which gives it a reddish brown color. Both specimens are
from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

SCAPHITES RENIFORMIS.

Plate xiv, Fig. 3.

Scaphites reniformis Morton : Synopsis, p. 42, Pl. 11, Fig. 6.
Scaphites hippocrepis (Mort.), young specimen, Gabb, Synopsis, p. 33.
Scaphites subreniformis D’Orbigny: Prodrome Paléont., vol. 2, p. 214, No. 56, not

S. reniformis Brug. ,

Dr. Morton describes this species as ‘‘ventricose in the middle, tapering
rapidly at each end; with numerous costee that bifurcate laterally.” He
gives the size as “less than [an] inch in length,” and states that only a sol-
itary imperfect cast was found. Mr. Gabb, in his Synopsis, p. 33, appears
to consider it a young specimen of S. hippocrepis De Kay, and so cites it.
I do not know if Mr. Gabb saw the original specimen used and figured by
Dr. Morton. The specimen is not now to be found, but in place of it there
comes to me from the Academy’s collection a fragment of a Scaphites the
figured type of S. ais Conrad, from Tippah, Mississippi, in the tray which
should, according to the label in it, contain the type specimen. The spec-
imen used by Dr. Morton may have been one of S. hippocrepis, but I can
hardly think so; as if so, it would not have presented so large an umbilicus,
that of S. hippocrepis being very small. I have before me some fragments
of very small specimens of that species which are as finely annulated as that
shown in Dr. Morton’s figure, but without more exaggeration or careless
delineation than has been permitted in the great majority of his figures no
such drawing could ever have been made from it. And after seeing the
accuracy of most of Dr. Morton’s figures and determinations, and carefully
studying the matter, I am most strongly inclined to the belief that S. reni-

Jormis was a distinct form from S. hippocrepis and a valid species.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 265

D’Orbigny in his Prodrome, p. 214, cites it as S. subreniformis Morton.
To this Mr. Gabb in bis Synopsis under subreniformis takes exception. To
me it is quite evident that D’Orbigny intended this name as a substitute
only for Morton’s name, and that he accidentally omitted to state in con-
nection with it that it was so meant; as in parenthesis he says (non Brug.
1790). Lhave, however, been unsuccessful in a search for further evidence
of a Scaphites reniformis Brug. elsewhere.

I have givenas good a copy of Dr. Morton’s figure of his S. reniformis
as possible, in order to aid in the search for other specimens of the species,
or the identification of the type should it be discovered.

Formation and locality: The type specimen came from a friable maz,
at Grove Mill, near Bordentown, New Jersey, and would pertain to the

Lower Marl Bed.
SCAPHITES IRIS.
Plate xiv, Figs. 4-7.

Scaphites iris Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol. 3, p. 335, PI.
Xxxv, Fig. 23; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 32; Meek, Geoi. Surv. N. J., 1868, p. 730.
Scaphites Conradi Gabb: Synopsis, p. 32.

Mr. Meek gives this species in his list of New Jersey fossils published
in the Geol. Report for 1868, but does not include the name in his Smith-
sonian Inst. Check List. Mr. Gabb cites it as a synonym of S. Conradi, to
which type it undoubtedly belongs and is somewhat closely allied. Mr.
Conrad in his original description says it differs greatly in the character of the
septa. The septum which he describes as existing in a free or unfilled con-
dition has since been destroyed, and the only one which can now be seen
is so extremely small as to be entirely unreliable for comparison, and the
external form of the types, the only ones known, differs in some essential
particulars.

The species may be characterized as follows: Shell small to medium
size, almost circularly discoid, with laterally compressed volutions, espe-
cially the inner coils, which are flattened on the sides and almost grooved
on the back from the prominence of two lines of nodes along the dorsum.
Body volution proportionally more expanded in one of the types, appearing

somewhat inflated on the sides along the horizontal portion, the inner whorls

°66 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

being fully embraced up to the small umbilicus. Horizontal portion com-
paratively short and the ventral margin slightly protruding as in S. hippo-
crepis. Aperture unknown, but from the appearance of the tube near the
outer geniculation it was apparently contracted both laterally and vertically
as compared with the size of the tube on the straightened portion. Surface
marked on the inner coils by comparatively fine and closely arranged
transverse ridges which become coarser at the inner geniculation, and on
the straight part and beyond are obsolete; also by two lines of pointed
nodes on the dorsum, which are prominent, giving a sunken area or appar-
ent groove on the dorsum between them. Outside of these lines another
line of nodes occurs at the angle of the back, and two others, less distinet,
on each side of the horizontal part of the outer chamber. Substance of the
shell somewhat strong and on the specimens highly iridescent, whence the
specific name.

Septa not very complicated, but rather closely arranged, consisting of
a moderately large dorsal lobe and three lateral lobes on each side, which
rapidly decrease in size toward the umbilicus, on the very margin of which
the third one is situated. The details of the lobes and sinuses can not be
traced on any of the specimens in hand sufficiently well to construct a dia-
gram thereof. The first sinus is much larger than the first lateral lobe, and
all the divisions of both lobes and sinuses have rounded extremities, and are
altogether more simple in their structure than those on a specimen of S.
Conradi of the same size, which is the species most nearly related to it in
general form and appearance among the American Scaphites. It also differs
from it in the form of the outer chamber along the ventral edge and in the
inflation of the middle portion of this part. It resembles that species
greatly in being circularly discoid, or in the very short horizontal portion.

Formation and locality: The specimens which I have examined, and
which are probably all that have been obtained, undoubtedly came from
Tippah County, Mississippi, from whence Mr. Conrad cites them. The
specimen originally figured by Mr. Conrad comes to me in a tray marked
‘““S. reniformis Oret. N. J.,” undoubtedly an accidental displacement; while
the specimens originally belonging in the tray are lost. I have seen no

example from New Jersey myself that could be referred to this species,

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MALLS. 267

although Mr. Meek cites it as from the State, probably basing his identifica-
tion on those mentioned above. I give the species here to help in the
identification should specimens of it be found in future, that the record

may be as perfect as possible.

SCAPHITES SIMILIS, nN. sp.

Plate xiv, Figs. 1, 2.

Shell small, the type specimen, the only one known at present, being
only five-sixths of an inch in its greatest length, and although not quite
finished at the aperture, would not exceed 1 inch were it continued to its
entire size. Volutions laterally compressed, rounded on the back, and
marked by fine transverse ridges to beyond the commencement of the outer
chamber, beyond which point the ridges are larger and indistinct, especially
on the sides. A single line of nodes marks the outer angle of the body
volutions, and are largest opposite the middle of the horizontal portion of
the coil. Septa not very crowded and rather simple, consisting of the dorsal
lobe and three lateral lobes on each side outside of the umbilical cavity,
which is quite small. Dorsal lobe moderately large, the lower branches not
quite half as long as the height of the first sinus, the extremities rounded,
and with a rounded protuberance on its outer side, above it there is one
other projection on each side. First lateral lobe large, broadly flabelliform
with six short blunt fingers arranged around its rounded end, and one other
at the junction of the first sinus; second and third lobes small, and consist-
ing of only a single bluntly rounded member each. ‘The first sinus equals
the first lateral lobe in size, but is bilateral at the extremity, each division
showing a slight indentation on the middle. The other sinuses are simple
rounded sinuosities, but slightly broader than the corresponding lobes.

The species resembles in miniature S. nodosus Owen, from the Creta-
ceous of the Upper Missouri, and New Jersey, in its general form and fea-
tures, especially so on the back in the marking of the surface. There is
evidence, however, of only one line of nodes on each side, instead of two
as is usual on that one, although by no means always developed. There
is, however, a great and very marked difference in the form and details of

the septa, as on a young specimen of S. nodosus of the size of this one they

268 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

are found to present the small compound divisions seen in the larger speci-
mens, although not so extreme. There can, therefore, be no real specific
relation between the two in this respect, notwithstanding the great external
resemblance.’ In the septa it more closely resembles S. hippocrepis De Kay,
but if the diagram be compared with that of that one, it will be seen to be
fundamentally so different that it could not be developed into it, besides
the tube of this does not widen laterally on the outer chamber as does that

one, neither is the ventral line of the horizontal portion widened as it is in
S. hippocrepis. .

Formation and locality: The specimen comes to me associated S. hippo-
crepis in the same tray, all of which are marked on the label “Cret. N. J.;”
but the specimen of that species figured by Dr. Morton in his Synopsis,
which is one of them, came from the deep cut of the Chesapeake and Dela-
ware Canal, in Delaware, and as this is closely like it in lithological char-
acter, it probably came from the same locality. Collection of the Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila.

Genus TURRILITES Lamarck.
TURRILITES PAUPER, 0. Sp.
Plate xiv, Figs. 1-5.

A single fragment of a Turrilites, consisting of one and one-third volu-
tions of a species with a very rapidly ascending spire, has been observed
among the New Jersey fossils. The coils of the spire are in close contact
and the volutions are higher than wide, and show in the cast a moderately
wide umbilical opening. The upper edge of the volution is angular where
it unites with the one above, and within the angle the surface is concave
where it has been in contact with the base of the coil above. The rest of
the surfice is rounded, and covered by oblique, bifurcating, or duplicating
vertical folds or ridges, and is also marked by two lines of nodes, one at
about the middle of the volution and another near the lower part. The
nodes occur on almost every alternate ridge, though not invariably so,
and those of the upper line of nodes are not on the same ridge as the
lower line. The ridges are strongly directed forward as they cross the
volution from above to the lower side of the volution, and are visible even

within the umbilicus, although faintly so.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEVUUS MARLS. 269

The fragment preserves only a single septum the details of which are
given, enlarged to twice natural size in the figure on the plate, this having
been the lower limit of the septate portion; the next higher septum being
at the upper end of the fragment.

The species is peculiar in its rapidly ascending spire; also in having
the volutions higher than wide, instead of circular, and also in the numerous
but very distinct vertical folds or ridges. The concave upper side of the
coil showing the partial imbedding of the preceding volution will also
serve to distinguish it from other described species 6f this country, they
generally presenting round volutions while these are quite angular at the
junction of any two.

Formation and locality: From the Lower Green Marls, at Neversink
Hills, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.

Genus HETEROCERAS D’Orb.
HETEROCERAS CONRADI.
Plate xiv, Fig. 9-14.
Ammonceratites Conradi Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1st ser., vol. 8,

p. 212, Pl. x, Fig. 1; Descrip. New Sp. Organic Rem. Cret. United States,

1842, p. 8.

Helicoceras Conradi (Mort.) Gabb: Synopsis, p. 28; Meek, Check List, p. 25.
Cirroceras Conradi (Mort.) Meek: Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868, p. 730.

A single whorl of a species of Heteroceras, imperfect at both ends, and
in all probability nearly if not quite the last whorl of the specimen, repre-
sents the above synonyma. As will be seen by Dr. Morton’s original
description, he considered it as almost a perfect individual, as he says in
his remarks: ‘‘The terminal end is nearly complete and almost on a line with
what appears to have been the mouth of the shell, and the two approach
within a quarter of an inch of each other.” It is very evident, however,
when the specimen is examined by the light of present information and
knowledge of these peculiar shells, that the specimen, which is only
an internal cast of the non-septate portion, it belongs to a. sinistrally
coiled spiral shell, where the volutions have not been in contact one with

the other, as, if they were extended far enough, they would overlap, leay-

270 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

ing about a fourth of an inch between the whorls. The tube in its present
condition is greatly compressed vertically, so that the height is only about
two-thirds as great as the transverse diameter, and the back shows a decided
crushing of the tube in the sharply angular dorsal crest of the specimen,
which was undoubtedly rounded in its normal condition. The surface of
the cast is marked by transverse undulations or ridges, which are rather
sharply curved backward on the upper surface in their passage from the
umbilical edge to the outer one, and less strongly curved forward on the
under side of the volution. Near the position of the center of the outer
surface of the volution there has apparently been a line of rounded nodes
situated on the ridges, but not, however, on each one, and another series of
nodes at about one-third of the width of the volution within the edge on
the under side. At this inner line of nodes almost every second and third
ridge unites, forming a single ridge from that point to the umbilical cavity,
within which they appear to become obsolete.

A second specimen, also avery much flattened cast of what seems to
have been the deflected outer part of the tube, has. lost the nodes, and also
to a very great extent the bifurcation of the costz, as on this part of the
shell they form more regular encircling ridges, as the straightening of
the tube relieves the crowding at the umbilical edge. A third specimen,
quite lately obtained, consisting of the outer chamber and the deflected part
of the tube, shows this part to have been suddenly bent obliquely down-
ward to a length of 25 inches, when it is abruptly bent upward again in
the same plane and nearly upon itself, so that the extremity of the tube,
or aperture, must have been nearly under the umbilical portion of the older
shell. The tube of this specimen is nearly circular, being a trifle higher
than wide, the ridges are strong and distinct, and the two lines of nodes
more easily observed; although owing to the deflection of the tube and its
irregular growth the bifurcations take place quite irregularly and the nodes
are also quite irregularly scattered, but always on the outer surface of the
tube.

Septa comparatively unknown. The last one shows imperfectly on
the last specimen mentioned. There is apparently a rather large siphonal
lobe with a strong branch on each side of the rather large siphon, which is

eel ied

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 271

situated on the inside of the coil; besides this, there are apparently three
principal lobes, situated, one on the line of the upper row of nodes, or
nearly opposite the siphon, and a larger one midway between it and the
siphon; the one on the upper side of the tube is much larger than that
below. ‘There have also been secondary lobes between these primary ones.
The sinuses have been correspondingly large and of unequal size, but owing
to the wearing of the surface the details of structure can not be made out.

This species differs very materially from any of those described from
the west, in the details of structure. It is perhaps more like H. Newtoni,
Whitf., from the Black Hills of Dakota (see Paleont. of the Black Hills,
Pl. xv, Figs. 1-4) than any other, but it differs in being sinistrally coiled
instead of dextrally as that one is. I. B. Meek also figures a species in the
U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 9, PL xxi, Fig. 4, but without name, which
bears considerable resemblance to this one in surface detail.

Formation and locality: According to Dr. Morton the type specimen was
found at Arneytown, New Jersey, by Mr. T. A. Conrad, and would conse-
quently be from the Lower Green Marls. The second specimen mentioned
above is to all appearances from the same place; both of these are in the
Aead. Nat. Sei., Phila. The third example is from the same position at
Atlantie Highlands, New Jersey, and is in the collection at Columbia
College.

Genus SOLENOCERAS Conrad.

In the Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 2d ser., vol. 4, p. 284, Mr.
Conrad proposed the above generic name as a division of D’Orbigny’s
eenus Ptychoceras, using Dr. Morton’s Hamites annulifer as the basis for his
diagnosis. The shells of D’Orbigny’s genus consist of a slender, tapering
tube, which, after attaining a certain length, is suddenly and abruptly returned
upon itself, the two portions being in close contact. Mr. Conrad supposed
that in the case of Hamites annulifer Morton the outer section, or larger
section, after having been returned upon the earlier part for a short distance
had again become deflected away from it at a considerable angle. I am not
aware that Dr. Morton’s species is positively known by any other than the
type specimen, which is an internal cast of the outer chambers only,
although Mr. Conrad cites it as occurring in Alabama as well as in New

272 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Jersey; and both Mr. Gabb, in his Synopsis, and Mr. Meek, in his Check
List, follow him in citing it from both States. Mr. Gabb, although admitting
the genus as a valid one, is inclined to dispute the deflection of the outer
part of the tube. This would leave the genus to stand entirely upon the
feature of the smaller tube lying ina groove of the larger one, as these two
features are all that Mr. Conrad claims, his generic description being as
follows: ‘Differs from Prycnocerus D’Orbigny, in the smaller tube lying
in a furrow of the larger one, which is straight only for a short distance
from the junction, and then suddenly recurved. Mr. Meek in his Invert.
Paleont. of the U. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. 9, p. 410, places Solenoceras as a
synonym of Ptychoceras, as he not only questions the deflection or recury-
ing of the shell a second time, but objects to the enfolding of the smaller
tube within a groove in the larger one being considered as of generic im-
portance. On examining Dr. Morton’s specimen I think there is every
evidence that can be derived from an internal cast of such a shell that the
supposed deflection of the tube at.the outer end of the fragment is only
the thickening and rounding out of the completed or adult aperture of the
shell, as the cast of the opening has been contracted on all sides and made
to form a completely circular aperture or opening. From the specimen known
there is no evidence as to what form the earlier parts of the shell may have
had, other than that it was most probably elliptical or slightly flattened in
a transverse section and also very slightly bent longitudinally; but beyond
the length of the fragment, which is only seven-eighths of an inch, there is
no evidence whatever afforded, and I have never known of any other indi-
vidual being seen, all references being made to this one individual.

While working over the Cretaceous fossils from the Black Hills of
Dakota, published in Capt. Jenny’s report of the Black Hills expedition, I
found examples of shells having characters very much like the one from
New Jersey, but not so finely annulated, in which the earlier portion of the
shell was bent and curved in such a manner that, had the larger part of the
tube been continued beyond about the same length as the same part of this
New Jersey specimen, it would of necessity have been compelled to become
deflected in precisely the direction and manner in which Mr. Conrad sup-
posed that one to have been in order to have grown beyond that point.

Beyond this I have very good reason to suppose that the embryonic portion

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 273

was coiled like the interior of a Scaphite or Ammonite, as I had one, having
the septa of a Ptychoceras, which was so coiled, but which was destroyed
accidentally before it could be figured. If I am correct in referring that
specimen to one of the species of Ptychoceras, there described and figured (See
p. 457, Pl. 16, Fig. 1), that one certainly would have been generically dis-
tinct from the types of Ptychoceras and would probably prove congeneric
with Dr. Morton’s species could better specimens be procured. Conse-
quently I think it best to retain Mr. Conrad’s name for forms like that which
I described and figured as above cited under the names Ptychoceras Meek-
anum and P. crassum. In this case the generic diagnosis of Solenoceras would
have to be changed somewhat as follows:

SOLENOCERAS (as amended).

Embryonic portions probably coiled forming one or more turns, beyond
which the tube is deflected in a more or less direct line, or slightly bent to
the end of the septate portion of the adult shell; terminal chamber recurved
upon the septate portion, which it more or less embraces, the aperture may
again be deflected from a right line where the younger parts are bent.

Genus PTYCHOCERAS D’Orb.; Solenoceras Conrad.

PTYCHQCERAS (SOLENOCERAS) ANNULIFER.

Plate xv, Figs. 6-8.
Hamites annulifer Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Ist ser., vol. 8, p. 213,
Pl. xa, Wig. 4; Extract, p. 9; Pl. 1, Wig. 4.
Solenoceras annwulifer (Mort.) Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., vol.
4, p. 284; Gabb, Synopsis, p. 33; Meek, Geol. Surv. N. J., 1868, p. 730.
Ptychoceras (Solenoceras) annulifer (Morton) Meek: Check List Cret., p. 23.
Shell small, known only from an internal cast of the chamber of habi-
tation, which is rather less than a fourth of an inch in its greatest diameter,
and only seven-eighths of an inch in length. The earlier portion of the
shell appears to have been transversely elliptical in section, as it has left a
broadly concave depressed area on the inner face of the outer chamber,
which has a curvature very much greater than that of the outer face. Outer
chamber contracted very slightly in diameter for a little more than the outer
MON XVUI——18

274 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

third of its length, but is again abruptly expanded just behind the aperture;
the opening itself having been circular and smaller than the tube behind it.
Surface of the cast finely and closely annulated, the annulations having a
direction just perceptibly backward in crossing from the inner to the con-
vex surface, and count just eight annulations in the space of one-fourth of
an inch on the largest part of the outer tube; on the inner concave face the
annulations are somewhat finer, as many of them are doubled at the edge
of the concavity, giving in the aggregate nearly one-third more annulations
within a given distance. On the back of the cast two lines of minute nodes,
marking the crests of the annulations for a short distance behind the aper-
ture, are faintly perceptible under a good magnifier.

On the posterior extremity of the outer chamber the lobation of the
last septum is obscurely marked, showing a moderately strong dorsal lobe,
with a larger lateral lobe on each side, while a large bilateral sinus has
occupied each edge with a lobe on each ventral side, and a very small ven-
tral lobe on the inner surface. The details of the lobes and sinuosities are,
however, too badly defined to be traced. The surface of the shell of the
septum is beautifully iridescent, and slight traces of iridescence are percepti-
ble on other parts of the cast.

The specimen here used and figured is Morton’s type of the species,
and is also that used by Mr. Conrad for the type.of his genus Solenoceras.
As yet no other has been observed so far as I can ascertain. It differs
from the species described as Ptychoceras Mortont by F. B. Meek in his
Vert. Paleont. U. 8. Geol. Survey of the Terr. p. 412, Pl. xx, Fig. 4, in
the direction of the transverse ridges which are more direct, and possibly
in their beng somewhat finer and more regular; on the whole, however,
it is very similar. From P. Meekanum Whitf., of the Black Hills report, it
differs much more widely in that that species is more coarsely annulated,
and the annulation much more acute and oblique.

Formation and locality: The type specimen, as stated under the original
description by Dr. Morton, is from the Lower Green Marls, at the Deep
Cut of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Delaware. It is very
probable, however, that by careful observation it might be discovered in
the Lower Marls in New Jersey. The specimen is in the collection Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. Zia

Genus BACULITES Lamarck.
BACULITES OVATUS.’
Plate xLvi, Figs. 3-9.

Baculites ovatus Say: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 2, Ist ser., p. 41; vol. 6, Pl. v, Figs. 5
and 6; Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 17, p. 280; vol. 18, Pl. 1, Figs. 6-8;
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1st ser., vol. 6, p. 89, Pl. v, Fig. 6 (and 5 ?);
Synopsis, p. 42, Pl. 1, Figs. 6-8 (the latter perhaps doubtful) ; Gabb, Synop-
sis, p. 22; Meek, Check List (in part), p. 23; Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 1868,
p. 730.

The examples of this species as they occur within the State of New
Jersey are pretty generally internal casts and usually only small detached
fragments of a few chambers each. Occasionally one is found which will
preserve the inner layers of shell, but even this appears to be quite rare.
One of the examples figured by Dr. Morton, Pl. 1x, Fig. 1, of his Synopsis,
is in this condition, and is the only one which I have seen preserving even
this much of the shell. The specimens do not appear to attain a very great
diameter, the largest observed having a diameter of not more than 14 inches
in the longest axis. They appear to have enlarged upward very slowly
with the increased length, but are by no means uniform in this respect, not
even in different parts of the same individual. The exterior of the shell, so
far as can be determined from the cast, must have been smooth except for
a few undulations on the edges, more particularly so on the siphonal edge,
where they are somewhat evenly arranged, at least on the younger speci-
mens. The general form of the shell in section is supposed to be ovate,

'The following is Say’s original description of B. ovatus, taken from Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Ist
ser., vol. 2, p. 41:

“ Baculites ovata, elongate; transverse septa subovate, six-lobed, and a smaller one behind; lobes
of the superior faces of the septa, three on each side, with a minute one between each, dentated at their
edges; anterior lobe (nearest the siphuncle) small, not sinuous; second lobe with a single projection
each side and sinus at tip; third lobe dilated, with a small sinus each side and more obtuse and pro-
found one at tip; posterior lobe hardly larger than the lateral intermediate ones.

**Greatest diameter of the transverse section, one inch and one-fifth; smaller diameter, seven-
tenths; length of the segment about half an inch.”

The specimen used was the same as that used and figured by Dr. Morton in the Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila., Ist ser., vol. 6, pp. 89 and 196, Pl. v, Fig. 6, and was from the Lower Green Marls at Never-
sink Hills, N. J., while the B. compressa described by Say on the same page as above was from Nuttal’s
collection, made on the Upper Missouri River.

276 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

but it is difficult to determine how far this feature may be reliable. Many
of them are decidedly ovate, others so slightly so as to make the feature
difficult of detection, while by far the most of the examples which I have
seen would be called oval by anyone not expecting to question the form.

The septa are closely arranged in some and in others somewhat distant,
while they are not infrequently quite irregular in distance in the same indi-
vidual, and sometimes do not extend the entire distance across the tube, but
interfere with and terminate against the one below, so as to count irregular
on opposite edges of the tube. In one specimen which comes to me from
the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. this occurs twice within a length of an inch and
a half, and all the septa in that distance are quite crowded. The septa
have three lobes on each side of the tube and a small one on the ventral
edge; while the siphonal lobe is simply bifid and the branches very small
and short. The first dorsal lobe is much smaller than the others and
directed somewhat inward toward the side or away from the dorsal edge.
The second lobe is much larger and more numerously branched, while the
third is still larger than the second as well as more complicated in structure
and the ventral lobe quite small, short, and simple, but numerously digitate
according to the size and age of the specimen. In detail the lobes and
sinuses vary with size and age, but are almost as variable as the specimens
are numerous, but in all the specimens which I have examined the second
lobe is usually bilateral, nearly symmetrically so, and the sinuses in the
lower half of the lobes are broad and rounded without serratures on their
margins.

Siphon situated just within the narrow edge of the tube and of rather
large size.

Shell marked on the outer portions in specimen of large size by undu-
lations of growth indicating the outline of the aperture, and showing a
considerable extension upward of the shell on both edges and a corre-
sponding broad sinus on the sides, the extension on the siphonal side being
much the longest.

Formation and localities: In the Lower Green Marls throughout their
extension in New Jersey and Delaware. Most common in Burlington
County, New Jersey. Mullica Hill has also furnished many. The bluffs
at Neversink, New Jersey, and Monmouth County have yielded some.

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. DALE T

One tray in the Acad. Nat. Sci. is marked “Vincentown, N. J., T. M.
Bryan.”
BACULITES COMPRESSUS.

Plate xLvi, Figs. 1, 2.

Baculites compressus Say: Am. Jour. Sci., Ist ser., vol. 2, p. 41; Morton, Synop-
sis, p. 43, Pl. 1x, Fig. 1, and probably of most authors where western
examples are considered.

Among the specimens sent me from the Acad. Nat. Sci., at Philadel-
phia, as New Jersey fossils, I find the type specimen of this species, used
by Mr. Say in his original description, and afterward figured by Dr. 8. G.
Morton as above cited. Mr. Say says that the specimen came to him from
the collection made by Mr. Nuttal; that it was washed out from the banks
of the Missouri River between White River and the Mandan settlements, .
as stated by Dr. Morton. The specimen was owned by and loaned to Dr.
Morton by J. P. Wetherill, Esq., and I find his initials still on it in ink.
The specimen has the lithological character of the western specimens,
and not that of the New Jersey fossils. The specimen is more compressed
than are any of the New Jersey individuals when retaining their true form,
and is slightly ovate, being narrower on the siphonal edge than on the
opposite. In other respects it presents the common features of the others
as to rate of taper, number and position of lobes, and generally so in
details of bifurcation of the lobes, except in the divisions of the lobe
nearest to the ventral edge, where the divisions are not always bilateral,
there usually being a central much branched division, which results from a
pressing over to one side of the principal part of the lobe by the greater
size of or greater number of smaller branches on the side next to the ven-
tral edge. This appears, however, to be more a defect in the specimen
than a natural growth, as among a large number of examples of all sizes
from the Fort Pierre group on Sage Creek, Dakota, I find this feature
entirely absent; consequently it becomes quite impossible to find among
western examples features in the detail of structure by which the two
species of Mr. Say can be separated. I have given a very accurate figure
of this historical specimen, and a detaited enlargement of one of the septa
for comparison with the eastern forms. There is, however, one general
feature of the western forms in which they differ entirely from any and all

278 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

the New Jersey specimens which I have studied: this is the greater later-
ally compressed form of the tube. In this respect they vary greatly, even
the ovate specimens, from New Jersey, being much thicker than the west-
ern ones; but as far as the ovate and oval form of the section is concerned,
the same variations occur among the specimens from both regions, and
apparently of about equal numbers, only the New Jersey specimens are
never so large as many of the western ones, and are always proportionally
thicker, unless accidentally compressed. In the details of the branching
of the sutures the western specimens become far more complicated than
those on the Atlantic coast, in proportion to the size of the specimens,
although the general plan of the divisions, or what might be called the
primary divisions of the lobes and sinuses, are very much the same in
all the specimens examined. In many of the western ones the secondary
lobes between the large lobes are proportionly longer and have many more
serrations on their margins, and in one small individual the ventral sinus,
as formed by the two halves combined, has almost exactly the same form
and length as those on the sides of the shell. Even on Baculites grandis
Hall and Meek, the general features of the sutures are the same, where, as
in one example examined, the width of the specimen is fully 5 inches.

Considering all these features and close resemblances between the
eastern and western specimens I am much inclined to draw the line between
the two species, as recognized by Mr. Say and Dr. Morton, considering it
as a geographical limit more than as a difference in features, although there
is that difference in size and relative thickness of the specimens, and to
consider the western forms as properly belonging to B. compressus, and
the New Jersey specimens as properly belonging to B. ovatus, irrespective
of the form of their section, although it is quite difficult to find one equally
rounded on the two margins among those from New Jersey.

BACULITES ASPER.
Plate xLvi, Figs. 10, 11.
Baculites asper Morton: Synopsis, p. 43, Pl. 1, Figs. 12, 13, and Pl. x1u, Fig. 2.

This species of Dr. Morton does not appear to have been noticed by
writers among the fossils of New Jersey, but it nevertheless seems to have

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 279

existed within the limits of the State, as a single fragment of a large sized
individual comes to *'me among the collections made by’ Prof. Reiley from
Holmdel, and is from the Lower Marls. The fragment is less than 2 inches
in length, but is about 24 inches in its greatest transverse diameter, by
nearly 14 inches in its shorter diameter. The fragment is apparently
from within the septate portion of the shell, as it bears markings of the
septa at each extremity, but in a condition altogether too imperfect for
description. However, there is on each side of it a single one of the
large inflated node-like undulations which characterize the species, through
the highest part of which the shorter diameter of the specimen is nearly
one-half greater than at a point below between this and the next node
below. There have probably been other septa within the length of the
fragment, but they are entirely invisible in detail from the condition of
preservation, although one of them appears to be obscurely indicated by”
an irregular thickened line near the middle of the length, the undula-
tions on the side of the shell extending entirely across its width and
modifying one of the edges. In crossing the side of the specimen it forms
a deep downward curve in the middle, with corresponding deep but: still
broader depressions above and below it. The transverse section of the tube
appears to have been nearly or quite symmetrically oval.

It is possible I may be mistaken in the specific relations of this frag-
ment; if it is not B. asper it must be an undescribed species, as none other
described possesses the features which this one presents.

Collection at Rutgers College.

280 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Order DIBRANCHIATA.
Genus BELEMNITELLA D’Orbigny.

BELEMNITELLA AMERICANA.
Plate xLvi1, Figs. 1-11.
Belemnites Americanus Morton: Jour Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1st ser., vol. 6, p.
190, Pl. vim, Figs. 1-3, and Pl. v, Fig. 7; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 18, 1st ser.,
p. 249, Pl. 1, Figs. 1-3; vol. 17, p. 281; Synopsis, p. 34, Pl. 1, Figs. 1-3.
Belemnites subconicus (Lam.) Morton: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. v1, pp.
91 and 100, Pl. v, Fig. 7.
Belemnitella mucronata (Schlot.) D’Orb.: Prod. Paléont., tome 2, p. 211; Gabb,
Synopsis, p. 22; Meek, Geol. Surv. N. J., 1868, p. 731.
Belemnitella subfusiformis Morton : Synopsis, p. 34, Pl. 1, Fig. 3.
2 Belemnitella paxillosa Meek: Geol. Surv. N. J., 1868, p. 731.

Stylet or guard rather large, solid and heavy, often becoming thick-
ened with age so as to be proportionally much larger in diameter as com-
pared with smaller individuals. Specimens varying from 3 to nearly 4
inches in length below the base of the slit, the larger ones evidently having
alength of fully 6 inches from the lower extremity to the top of the internal
cavity or conotheca. General form triangularly cylindrical in the upper
part, becoming flattened on the ventral side in the lower part, with frequently
a slight mucronate extremity, which when broken generally shows a slight
central perforation, as do many of those which are destitute of this pointed
extremity. In many old examples the extremity is solid as in the specimen
Fig. 3, Plate xLvut, while in the largest individual which I have observed
from New Jersey, Figs. 5, 6, and 7, there is yet a slight perforation. I have
never seen the mucronate point exceeding one-sixth of an inch in length.
The upper end of the stylet or guard, from about the base of the internal
cavity, gradually expands upward and becomes very thin on the edge, and
the inner surface of the wall often bears the marks of the transverse septa
of the phragmocone. At about the base of the cavity the external diame-
ter is less than below, and in some examples the lower portion is consider-
ably expanded as in the one represented by Figs. 1 and 2, Plate xivu,
which is the typical specimen of Dr. Morton’s var. a, B. subfusiformis, while
in others there is almost a reeular decrease downward to near the extremity,
which is usually obtusely rounded except for the mucronate point occasion-

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRETACEOUS MARLS. 281

ally seen. Very young specimens often present a long slender extremity.
On the ventral side, the slit extends fully one-third of the length of the
shell, where the walls of the upper portion are preserved to near their full
length, which is seldom the case; its width in the lower half often being
little more than the thickness of heavy writing paper. The flattening of this
side of the stylet commences near the base of the slit and extends almost
to the lower extremity of the guard. On the dorsal side there is a raised
elongate lanceolate area, which is narrow and prominently angular in the
upper part of the body, but is flattened or simply depressed convex on the
surface and gradually widens below the base of the slit so as to become
from half the entire width of the shell to almost its equal in width, but
produces a slight angularity on this side throughout the entire length. The
entire surface is usually much roughened when not worn, the roughening
being greatest on the ventral side, while laterally this roughening produces
yaseular lines running obliquely backward in crossing from the ventral to
the dorsal surfaces, and on the raised lanceolate area of the dorsal surface
the markings are finer and arranged so as to produce longitudinal lines, or
interrupted strize.

I have not, in any of the New Jersey specimens, no matter how well
preserved, been able to see anything of the rostrum or dorsal extension of
the upper portion.

The phragmocone is seldom seen showing the lines of septa, and when
seen they appear to be only external or marginal. Among the few bearing
the lines which I have examined none have shown the septa extending
across. This body is rather abruptly obconical, and is just a little ovate in
transverse section, one side being a very little angular and with a raised,
rounded, longitudinal ridge, corresponding to the angularity of the solid
side of the alveola of the stylet or guard, the side corresponding to the
fissure of the guard being regularly curved, as is the inside of the cavity
itself. The lines of septa are very numerous and closely arranged near the
pointed end, but gradually and regularly increase in distance from each
other, so that where the diameter of the cone reaches five-eighths of an inch,
the septa are fully a twelfth of an inch apart. In their direction across the
cone they are nearly straight, except on the angularity, where they are

slightly advanced. The position of the siphuncle I have not observed.

282 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

The substance of the guard is quite dense, and is transversely fibrous,
the fibers being very slightly directed downward from the initial line,
which is never quite central, but is usually placed considerably nearest to
the fissured margin of the guard.

It is almost useless to institute comparisons between this and other
species except the B. mucronatus of Schlotheim; while it is equally difficult
to point out reliable differences between that and the New Jersey form.
There is, however, one marked difference between them, so far as I have
been able to examine European specimens of 6. mucronatus, and there are
many, both English and German. This is the relative length of the guard
below the base of the slit or fissure, which in the American examples is
proportionally longer than in the European, varying from half an inch to
over an inch in different examples. This feature of course is a variable
one, and perhaps may not be considered as of importance. or reliable, yet
it nevertheless exists; but in other points they agree very closely. Still I
am inclined to hold to Dr. Morton’s name for our American specimens,
although forms like this, which may have been to some extent pelagic, are
more apt to be inhabitants of widely separated continents than littoral
species of molluses are.

Formation and localities: I think this species is, so far as yet known,
confined to the Lower Marl Beds. It is found at most of the outcrops of
that bed throughout the State, and is abundant at many. Marlboro, Free-
hold, Creamridge, Mullica Hill, and many other localities furnished them
in great profusion, most of the examples showing evidence of having been
water-rolled and worn before being imbedded, and consequently are always
more or less broken and imperfect at the upper margin. The specimen of
medium size figured is from the collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Those
represented by Figs. 8 and 9 are in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., and the others
are from Rutgers College collection.

BELEMNITES ? AMBIGUUS.
Belemnites 2 ambiguus Morton: Synopsis, p. 35, Pl. 1, Figs. 4, 5.

T have not been able to find Dr. Morton’s type specimen of this species,
which he describes as “straight, elongated, quadrangular, striated longitu-
dinally; front convex; back flat; sides slightly depressed by a longitudinal

CEPHALOPODA OF THE CRELACKOUS MARLS. 283

eroove; apex obtuse, obscurely stellated; color yellowish white, opaque;
substance, radiated carbonate of lime.”

Dr. Morton gives as the length of his specimen 2 inches, with a breadth
of one-sixth of an inch.

There is much doubt as to the true nature of the specimen from which
Dr. Morton drew the above description, but as the specimen itself is lost
no very satisfactory determination can be arrived at. The specimens to
which Dr. Morton refers as “the numerous individuals in the collection of
the Academy” are mostly before me, and there would seem to be but little
doubt of their being stems of an Eucrinite, although they do not have the
characteristic fracture of those bodies, nor yet appear to be made up of
easily separated rings, or to have the central perforation. The surface, as
Dr. Morton says, is longitudinally striated, and when well preserved has a
smooth glistening appearance under a hand glass, as if it had been polished,
but when weathered shows obscure transverse lines as if there were trans-
verse plates. The freshly broken end has a pearly radiating structure, en-
tirely different from the usual divisional planes of crinoid stems, which fact
offers an additional objection to their encrinal nature. The fragments have
a more or less general quadrangular structure, but when closely examined
all present an indistinct or obscurely pantangular feature. Dr. Morton
states, in his observations, that his original specimen preserved the rounded
lower extremity, but that none of the other specimens did, and those before
me are all squarely truncate at each end. It is possible they may be the
remains of some aleyonarian body as yet unknown. They are all from
the Middle Marl Beds, and probably all from Timber Creek, New Jersey,
the locality from which Dr. Morton cites his example.

SHO Da NV

CEPHALOPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS OF NEW JERSEY.

In Mr. F. B. Meek’s “Catalogue of Eocene Shells and Fish from Shark
River,” published in the appendix to the Geological Report of New Jersey
for 1868, on p. 731, et seq., he enumerates three species of Cephalopods:
Aturia Vanuxemi and two species of Cimomia, C. Burtini Nyst’s sp. and C.
Lamarcki Deshayes sp., both originally published under the genus Nauti-
lus. Among all the fossils which I have examined from the Eocene layers
of New Jersey I have seen evidence of only two species of Cephalopoda,
namely, Atwia Vanuxemi and that herein described as Nautilus Cookana.
No specimen or fragment which I have seen would appear to correspond to
or possess the features of the genus Cimomia as given by Mr. Conrad, which
are as follows: ‘“Nautiloid; septa sinuous, doubly waved, or sigmoid, num-
erous; siphon small, central.” Nautilus Burtini Galeotti is given as the
type. The two species above mentioned, N. Burtini and N. Lamarcki, are
usually considered as synonyms of each other, but Deshayes assures us they
are very distinct. Mr. Meek appears to have identified or recognized both
forms, but upon what authority he does not say. The nautiloid forms
which I have seen have only the straight, or nearly straight, septal les
crossing the cast, and certainly could not have given rise to the mistake
had they been examined. So it is possible Mr. Meek may have seen some
form that has never come under my observation. The specimens of the
following species, to which I have given a new name, certainly do not

possess any of the features of Mr. Conrad’s genus, and I can find no deserip-
284

CEPHALOPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 285

tion given of it elsewhere, and the form is certainly distinct from those of
the Cretaceous beds below.

NAUTILUS COOKANA, n. sp.
Plate xLvim, Fig. 1, and Pl. xuirx, Figs. 4-5.

Shell large, often reaching ~early a foot in its greatest diameter and
proportionally wide and ventricose. Volutions rapidly expanding and prob-
ably only three or four in number, rounded on the back and when retain-
ing their normal form are but slightly more compressed on the sides. Axis
perforate, the umbilicus only of moderate width but very deep, owing to
the greater additional breadth of the outer volution at the axis than the pre-
ceding one; margins of the umbilicus abruptly rounded. Septa distant,
only moderately concave and regularly curved ina dorso-ventral direction,
but much more flattened laterally; the ventral margin, surrounding the pre-
ceding volution, somewhat raised. The lines indicating the septa on the
casts are only slightly recurved on the sides and are but little directed
forward on the dorsum; not more so than is called for by the difference in
the two diameters of the volution. Siphon moderately large, almost cen-
trally situated, being slightly nearer the ventral margin in the best pre-
served examples examined. Shell unknown, the species known only from
internal casts.

This species is not uncommon in the stony layer at the top of the
Upper Marls at Farmingdale, Deal, Squankum, and Shark River, New
Jersey, and so far as can be seen or determined by the casts alone is a true
Nautilus. Mr. G. B. Meek, in his list of the fossils of the Shark River
Marls given in Geol. N. J. for 1868, includes Nautilus Burtini Got. and N.
Lamarcki Desh. as oceurring in these beds, and places them both under
Conrad’s genus Cymomia, which was founded upon the first of these two
species. It is possible that a species possessing the features of that genus
may occur in New Jersey; but among those which I have seen none
show the double sinuate septa of N. Burtini as described by Mr. Conrad,
therefore I am inclined to doubt their existence in the State. Most
European authors agree in considering N. Burtini and N. Lamarcki as

synonyms, but Deshayes points out differences, and Milne Edwards gives

286 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

them as distinct. Mr. Meek appears to have not only considered them
as distinct, but to have had Mr. Conrad’s authority for the statement, and
for their occurrence at Shark River.

Formation and locality: In the upper layers of the Upper Green Marls,

at Shark River, and Squankum, New Jersey. Collection at Rutgers College.
| ’ y g 8

Fig. 2.— Nautilus Cookana.—One-halt natural size,

CEPHALOPODA OF THE EOCENE MARLS. 287

Genus ATURIA Bronn.
ATURIA VANUXEMI.
Plate xLIx, Figs. 1, 3, and Plate L, Fig. 1.
Pelaqus Vanuxemi Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 2d ser., p. 130, Pl. xrv,
Fig. 15.
Aturia Vanuxemi Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 2, p. 15.
Aturia ziczac (Sow.) Conrad: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 150; Smithsonian
Check List, p. 19.
Nautilus angustatus Con.: Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 150; not N. angustatus
Conrad, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Geology, p. 728, Pl. xx, Figs. 5, 6.

Shell of moderately large size, the most perfect one which I have seen,
but which is an internal cast only, measures 64 inches in its longest diame-
ter, and has a thickness from side to side of about 2 inches, but has appar-
ently been considerably compressed in this direction. The form is closely
convolute with a closed umbilicus; sides depressed, convex, and dorsum
narrowly rounded. The inner volution projects into the aperture of the
outer one about two-fifths of the distance from the umbilicus to the outer
margin, leaving the aperture, in this laterally compressed specimen, some-
what elongately halbert shaped. The septa are somewhat closely arranged
and number about sixteen in the last coil of the shell. In rising from the
umbilical depression they make a broad forward curve or arch, which
extends to a little beyond the middle of the width of the volution, from
which point they are bent abruptly backward, and form a proportionally
long, narrow, and somewhat pointed spur, the outer edge of which is
straighter than the inner and with that of those in the rear and in advance
form a nearly straight and continuous line parallel to the margin of the
dorsum. After this edge of the spur reaches a point about opposite the
place of abrupt flexure of the inner side, the line runs straight across the
back of the volution, forming a broad projecting lip on the back of the
shell equal in length to that of the spur on the side of the volution. The
spur on the side, rather outside of the middle of the volution, with the point
reaching almost to the corner of the outer lip of the septum below, is a
rather well marked feature and somewhat characteristic. Septa deeply con-
cave, as seen in an apertural view. Siphon large, situated fully its own

288 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

diameter from the ventral margin, as seen in the aperture of the large speci-
men, but in a second smaller one is close against the back of the next inner
volution. The septa bend downward to the siphon around it, forming a
deep funnel-like depression, and unite with the tube about opposite the line
of the sides of the next septum below, the sides of the siphonal tube con-
tinuing in a direct line from septum to septum. Surface of the shell un-
known, the examples all being internal casts only.

I think there can be no question regarding the relations of this shell
to the genus Aturia, as defined and understood by Bronn. It certainly is
not congeneric with Pelagus Montfort, as typified in the figure given with
the original description, as in that one the septa make not less than three of
the abrupt flexures, and are much more like some of the Devonian forms
of Goniatites than like Atwria. The peculiarity shown in the siphon of
Aturia is apparently quite characteristic, and when seen, which is quite
common in the New Jersey casts, can not be well mistaken. The entire
central portion of the septum is gradually bent downward and forms a
broad open funnel as seen when looking into the upper side of the septum,
but rapidly decreases in size without angle, and passes within that of the
septum below; in this respect being entirely different from Nautilus and all
the allied genera.

Formation and locality: In the Eocene Green Marls at Shark River,
Farmingdale, near Squankum, and near Long Branch, New Jersey. The
examples figured are from Shark River, New Jersey, and belong to the col-
lections at Rutgers College.

Suc rloONn VEL.

CLASSIFIED LISTS.

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls.

| Lower| Middle | Base of
marls. | marls, | "PP&T
marls.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
Family MURICID :
Genus Pudicla planimarpinata Wn secsceeicew voce ew cece scer cscs cans peal | se rears [eee rn
Pyropsis :
(Rapa?) corrina W. ...-...----- .-- 2. eee n ne eee ene conn ne -- eee oe Pesach jpesecene
ClO VAUNG one ease escclcccccs ne cmecccvessiassse= 5. SS bSeqnceal|eccasscc
MAO GET Gcecks SOneS DOORS CODES a SoS e a ECoe Stee: SOP A ASeeh es ews pet
ODENM Wetec es come eeere vcccesinw nant cones caer seals nl Sao has bocce
octolirata Con......... BOOSIE L OIRO ESE HOCH Coe SES Mo | Beene lescsece-
perlata Conmen soos sae eames ces a -- eee ee n= eee sd ERA Aa | oe
ReueyieWeee se naa cee oaeneee aa ce aaccisseneee es eaoe SGP) Sateen laeecwnen
PEE he cco ema aSACOCO 0 SaiE Ba ROU OED eREOCOne $4 lS onoeaeg] Seas eeS
Richardson nome y essa ements oe es tales em eee ane We 6 Wosecaepal[soseesoe
(Rayan) eeptemlinata Goaset seen ccreccss nae sos caee cele ones 5 al Ae Ret See e
BELVOLVIE Oren eae tamem niet neia amis eeerons setae eee ah TN isssee ese
AME DG STON Oe eos nema po cecudicnc cceosececeeser So | |eAboodss aise sas
PaO En UA OEY Bion S062 pono) HOQOS DS OOCU REE ECID DCCOGOESED EEE EO {ac al) ON i ees ee
Pyrifusus erraticus W.. ...--..----- ODO Aa Sone SSaEC BaocegReE a5 Me WS Ss.5554| Seed Bee
CHER VY 6 edeagsosssaca ncoSds ongecs ansace Soeeee eee ses | X [ewes ee--|--------
Mstoranianaianyie ee ees canoe: seman Amarante cee ete me Be issen eee Seas
MeaiihWaeeceet css eee a cece ue she sce bec seed Jt 3“ lesaeeeee Baeapee
Mnliienennignge aca peccseensnidemc serine <ceeecteaueae yey WEARS SESS bee
TOOTING Cig sosccniascc bossob cee ooncnectoasccocts- Sake) aXe) IS ee |-+--=---
GEE GLAD Vil eee oer erence cretion tate ee ete met ace mS) Weeecoee bonoooce
PRET AIT TEES Meh OTSEGO Cone Qae noo cass emp seas ClO ee SIE Soe Saeeee Be [lbs 2 5855 ete ae
Family TRITONID :
Genus Triton (Epidromus) priwecedens W....---..----. .--202 ------ ---- +--+ | Be esmee bao sonar.
TS LORY ALOMAULATUOUMNAW cnace ae cats ce nseneam acs canscs we ccieowe PES ain Ra |--2+ +--+
IMfolmdelens6!Wiscnces co oe crs ca nee a-ass Sees saws seees ee eee |-2-+ cece
CCT ARTES ee go SOS OSC EC OEE SOOM EE ECT, warns unl Pees eases
MON XVIII 19 289

290

PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls—Continued.

/

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA—Continued.

Family Fusipz::

Genus F'usus Holmdelensis W

Serrifusus ? Crosswickensis W-
(Lirofusus) nodocarinatus W ..-.-.--..---..------------|

Family FascioLarip& :
Genus Odontofusus Slacki G

medians W

rostellaroides W.

typicalis W
Volutomorpha Conradi G
Gabbi W

ponderosa W

V. ( Piestochilus) bella G
Kanei G

Family BUCCINID :

Genus Eripachya? paludinaformis W

Luthria? fragilis W
Tritonidea obesa W .-.----.-----

Family TURBINELLID® :
Genus Turbinella? parvaG
subconica G
verticalis W
Vasum conoides W...---.----
Caricella plicata W

Family VoLUTID& :

Genus Voluta? Delawarensis G

Volutoderma Abbotti G ....---

biplicata G

intermedia W

ovata W

Rostellites angulatus W
biconicus W

nasutus G

texturatus W-.......-

Family MitrIp& :
Genus Turricula leda W
Reileyi W
scalariformis W

Class GASTEROPODA—Continued
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA~— Continued.

Lower] Middle

marls.

Base of
iarls UPTSE
* | marls
Src son x
x - [beseeeee
SeeocodS x
teeeee-- x

CLASSIFIED LISTS.

291

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls—Continued.

Class GASTEROPODA— Continued.

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA—Continued.

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA—Continued.

Family CANCELLARUD. :

Genus Cancellaria (Merica) subalta Con....-.--.---.---------

Morea naticella G

bl eardy © oniteenneesresee acces actemaaes

major W

Family PLEUROTOMID :
Genus Plewotoma Farmingdalensis W
Sureula strigosa G

Githara Cross WiGKeNsIs Wisc-cicccs cee cemecccee = << 55

Mullicaensis W
Family STROMBID :
Genus Rostellaria curta W

Turbinopsie angulata W ...----.----.---«.-----..--«=
GMBLE, Wigeso 5905 POSE BO Scinc SOCCES ORCS

PU OGD AN S520 csescu NoSroE conces cocSees5r

TI GUGU Witt se niccucs ae ow Sia cee sektercce sss ersem

|Lower| Middie

marls.) marls. |
|

BOT KN Xe Kn Dna

MOTT S VTE eee eer Uae, op ie ae fea

SOME occ pe pecan sebose Jeoous SonBEoE

Alaria rostrata G
Anchura abrupta Mort

WETS INE. WYP ac coo ce Sc ooaco bess esRSate
BCONAN TAM ON Giese da aoa ae ten neato
pagodaformis W...-. Bele amen ee eeiemeiciemioas
PELE OM 0 tesoooo cosece Sabres sagec Cc CESerOe
BOLIGANI ON Wine meets ses ese eeerecaicoerelaen
(Drapanochilus) compressa W ....-.-..----------------

Family CYPR-£ID :

Genus Cypraa (Aricia) Mortoni G
Family DoLupD#:

Genus Dolium (Doliopsis ?) multiliratum W

EROS? PY SCCOENS Wi soe seeelaa = oe len ase e = ce ieee ian

Family NATICID#:
Genus Natica abyssina Mort
Lunatia Halli G

(AunT ea AM ROCs Sonos casccn cossouemos So sosseoe
BINSpital Geese peel eee ee celeste aise

x X x AI eR Ow Oe Oe ow

xX X XK X

Base of
upper
inarl,

292 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls—Continued,
Lower} Middle Base of
marls.| marls, | “PPeT

mars.
Class GASTEROPODA—Continued. |
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA—Continued.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA—Continued.
Family Naticip2—Continued :
crenata Conese secs ]= a aa ee eee ee eae = ieee eee x soe seee|iscon sss:
infracarinata Gc. -ccc- sate 5 oe cnje nee Sees eete eee 4a bbooeeeal laos aca
ObiisivolvalGesss ccc. ce eee ee ae eae eee eae | peo oeey eeosecs
petrosus Mort -...------ ei saecs sce be ae oncoce ys aceeidce sae Pe NWSesese So\lmesesss
Anvaiuropsts Meskana Wie. +-.-2- 22-20) see = = ee eae S|) eatesenllocsoss ce
punctata G - ...-.. ..---. ----2- --n00e --- 22 ---- 2 = === - S40 SS ose Soassce-
Family TROCHID®:
Genus Margarita abyssina G.-.--.. - .----< .--= --.--. -.<s<0 --<- vost weeeeeee Be ecéasce|lbecope st
Margarnietla sab botti (Grease eo een eta a sae tal eee DI | errata eters
Family ONUSTID :
Genus Xenophora leprosa Mort. .....----. ---- ------ ----2- ---- ------------ 3) 9 bow teedl So ees
Endoptigma umbilicata Tuom ?......---.---------------- ------ ---- M Woteneacdifeor acces
Family SCALARID :
Genus: ScalamasHerculesiwassee sss ease a ee ate iat eee Se SE be sal cee
? pauperata W -.-..-.-.-.--- .------------------------- sesa|| “Se |lengeeecsjzoecscss
Silliman Mort be - so-so eee eee SQ \nesasscs|locsencss
(Opalia) Thomasi Gabb ?..-.-.----.---------- °----- SeIISSO ReccIs= an < othe. \|Sesecco5
Cavoscala annulata Mortes =<. -ccso=ate = ale = le om mee ele | Xie sees
Family TURRITELLID :
Genust irr itelia cOmMpaActawW is see === seer eee eek eat Sc|eeees
encrinoides Mort ----- ---- ---- sobiosorees bcos co SS pal eee esse
?granulicosta G.--.-- schsdo nORS SE Soke oSsieoS CSha tocSoses See Sepeseso| (Goce ose
REMOTE OAT) pecoeo coco ccesasosocresscrse saeno5 ese: Sy |etocv es comer
Ly SCONE Wf ec eee onon pose sccm nsceSsopoccocccess soS- x) | seo eens | Sree
PUM Gy tae aoe eee Boe ees seas “ses etadeeae 2 Geen pemeeeer x
vertebroides Mort)... 3222 2265 cace sence eee cae Se) tis 2 Sc sles
ociepne Lombricalls|Gesese=sa= =e =< eee eee ee eee eee tee SC) Po - eseal poate
Family VERMETIDZ :
Genus Siliguama pauperata, Wises o> - == eee eee aoe eee Y GEERT bol ieee cots
?| Diploconcha cretacéa Con ~~ <6 =~ == <a mn == nm we Seine! Sin Sin | eerie
Family EULIMID2E :
Genus Letostraca cretacea Con. ----- 22-5 coon ceecee woeeeniensere ree ===|0 6) fete
Family PYRAMIDELLIDE :
Genus Obeliscusconellus W------- 2---e+ <= ale === == =s ee X y|---2-2--|---- ==
Family LITTORINIDE :
Genus Modulus lapidosal W - << 22 - <<< - <2 eee enn em eo oe eee = Xe |[\Sasascadlasqecsc

CLASSIFIED LISTS.

293

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls—Continued.

Class GASTEROPODA—Continued.
Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

Suborder Podophthalna.
Family TROCHID& :
Genus Margarita abyssine Gocco n= acces ancceeec cesses Mnence cess
MANGRINELLAL AD DOULN Goete semeaai ocaaiie o ont- seas euro anciroees melee

Family PLEUROTOMARIID2 :
Genus Pleurotomaria Brittoni W-------- Seen San emma ce ates cece toe
TENICONGNSIBI Wie = <2 sae ca cyene mc cae Sajna Sec s sceiawece
ELEUrotrema@SOlOLITONMIBAW © <2. no eee ee ne eacewesaoancesseses

Suborder Edriophthalma.
Family PATELLID®:
Genus: Heloton? tentoram: Morton noon oo oon ec etee cen oen aco eae cone

Subclass ORISTHOBRANCHIATA.
Order TECTIBRANCHIATA.

Family TORNATELLID®:
Genusra claonicrotaces Oies ss oc cleets sos Sosa o< conan s =o c/envelacea vcs ceel-oce

Globiconcha ie en eee BOT, a aie SR a Oe ores mya oa
Cinulia ( Oligoptycha) naticoides, Gray ?.......---...-----.--------
ON OIOGR! Giepre say ac serene ism onsen late seco cals
MA DeLUna DUN ALS MOLE cee somo se eee lanoe sa = en aaa ceive ae amee

Family CYLICHNID2&:
(BEER ER POO TIES OAS eR So SS CaS SSO Cn OEE OS SSO GEE SOB DCO ESOS Ren eee

Family BULLIDA :

GOEnUsyENita CONICKIW item = nee ae eee ee nana aren aca anlee an ee see mais
MOctOn ist an Ween e la wen! see ae een eae a

Class SCAPHOPODA.
Family DENTALIID :
Genus Dentalinm' Ripleyanuni G.- o.oo. ~ onc oe poe eee ee oe =e nee
subarcnatum Cont. 222-5 ce ccc) ossas cecccs socsce cceces

alottatalcatum Conimecas sae onceee pace aaee cckcad seek ewe secs]

? Diploconcha (Serpula?) cretacea Con ..---.-..----..----- ------
Total Gasteropoda and Scaphopods...........--........-------------

Lower] Middle
marls.| marls.

>>. E>, SON a> GP Se a4

x

Base of
upper
marls.

294 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY.

Classified list of the Cephalopoda of the New Jersey Cretaceous Marls.

\Lower| Middle | Base of
marls,} marls. oe
Class CEPHALOPODA.
Order TETRABRANCHIATA.
Family NAUTILID& :
Genus Nautilus :
BryanivG 2 - asc asee 2 ee ean anes co cenn) sem a(em onto ieene | ------ oe) URS cane
Dekayu Mortis o-. eee) oe eee a elena ea | x x somoco
Hercoglossa paucifex Cope...... ..----------- sSubodeaceodees cosisse Poorer | homes au yee.
Family AMMONITID:

Genus Ammonites complexus Meek...--. ..----------------+----+-------- | “XS jocehaks Bates a
Delawarensis) Morton esse e esa aoe see ee XM) Wessaices | aoa
dentato-carinatus Roemer....-..----------------------- Pe oir eile ene
Vanoxeml Merton 2 -s-s- === eee area ae =a le Selll | ier eae

Am. (Placenticeras) placenta De Kay dc alte Sh DeNARDI Una am ann [De ae
tilifer Mortonss.cs2 252 Js-e5- te ses ean eee Wes eate see Va Mcke
Am. (Sphenodiscus) lenticularis Owen ...--. -----.--------------- eee Me i) Boese
Scaphites hippocrepis De Kay...-. ..-----.----------------#-.----- M, |bsceese al eeeeeeee
Pals C0) eas aeesco csease PESOS d ees gaan cnaSs So sesa Scosse x 1, See | ais caeaeed
MOCOSUS OWEN. <2. 5. 5-50 $se5 oes ackiosselenoeeateneaees Scat ee eee | ie
TENMOUMis Orton. 7 =sse eae ene ences seed S07. |lowkteant-|| ees
Tons) Wait ooo cane cececo Fesccs no SHS Sone noes ysces: | XK ese eeee[eeee eee
Turrilites pauper.W bitf: = \o<2. s2= soe 5 ot oa-- sae ee Stee ee [te Sea ee eee
Heteroceras Contadw Morton = 2 emer e == a ne ete ee eee | ee sae :
Ptychoceras (Solenoceras) annulifer Morton... ..-..----------------- SO | SiS tel eee
Baculites asper Morton ...--. BE Bae RES CREO CROs DEO OSE Bo RSceHCaSS ee ee
COMPLessus MOLtON ses. (--e esas ae eee eee eee ae |) Oe |beeeease| eens
ovatus Morton.-... ..-. Be ECOS EEOC SHAE RRM OSC OOS SaeoaS SoeaS ex a oes
Order DIBRANCHIATA.
Family BELEMNITID#:
Genus Belemnitella Americana Morton. .-.. ---. ------------------- coke Sec | Sn aera ioe
Total Cephalopoda. 222-22 ss-a-+ 2s se/ec estas eons oe lees ane eee ee eee | 19 | 5 |

295

Classified list of the Gasteropoda of the New Jersey Eocene Marls.

Class GASTEROPODA.
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA.
Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
Family MuRIcID&.
Murex (Pteronotus?)
varicosus W.
Rhinocantha? Conradi W.
TRITONID.
Triton Eocenense W.
PURPURID®.
Pseudoliva vetusta ? Con.
Fusip &.
Fusus angularis W.

leva- |

paucicostatus W.
pluricostatus W.
perobesus W.
( Neptimea ? eocenicus W.
hector W.
var multilinea-
tus W.
staminea Con.
( Urosalpinge?)multicostatus W
Clavella raphanoides Con.
FASCIOLARIUID 2.
Fasciolaria Hercules W.
propinqua W.
Samsoni W.
TURBINELLID&.
Caricella ponderosa W,
pyruloides Con.
VOLUTID®.
Voluta lelia W.
parvula W.
perelevata W.
scaphoides W.
(Scaphella) Neweombi-
ana W.
( dmoria) vesta W.

Volutilithes cancellata W.
Sayana Con.

CANCELLARIIDA,
Cancellaria rudis W.

PLEUROTOMID®.
Pleurotoma (Surcula?)
spira W.
regularicos tata
W.
surculitiformis
Ww.

alti-

|

Class GASTEROPODA—Continued.
Subclass PROSOBRANCHIATA— Cont'd.

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA—Continned.
Family PLevkoromip.2z—Continued.
Surcula perobesa W.
Surculites annosus Con.
cadaverosus W.
ecurtus W.
CoNnID&.
Conus subsauridens Con.
STROMBID®.
Calyptraphorus velatus C
CYPRXID®.
Cyprea sabuloviridis W.
CassIDID.&.
Cassidaria carinata Lam.
DoLup®.
Ficus penitus Con.
NATICID”&.
Natica globulella W.
ONUSTID&.
Xenophora lapifereus W.
SOLARIID&.
Architectonica annosa Con.
SCALARIIDA.
Scalaria tennilirata W.
TURRITELLID®.
Mes.lia elongata W.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.
Suborder PODOPHTHALMA,
Family PLEUROTOMARIIDZ.
¢ Teptomaria gigantea W.
pergranulosa W.
perlata Con.
Trematofusus yvenustus W.

Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.
Order TECTIBRANCHIATA.
Family TORNATELLID&®.
Actwon prisca Con,
Tornatellewa lata Con.
Tornatina Wetherilli Lea.

Class CEPHALOPODA.
Order TETRABRANCHIATA.
Family NAUTILID.©.
Nautilus Cookana W.
Aturia Vanuxemi Con.

|Pollno suid tal es

PLATS I.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.)

TUDICLA PLANIMARGINATA Whitf. (p. 33).
Fies. 1-3. Back lateral and summit views of the type specimen.
PYROPSIS TROCHIFORMIS Tuomey (p. 41).

5. Opposite views of two casts showing rounded volutions.
6. View of a specimen in loose marl showing exterior markings.
7. A small cast showing strong lirations. The two first specimens are from the collections

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
PYROPSIS PERLATA Conrad. (p. 37).
8-10. Three views of a large cast referred to this species.
PYROPSIS ELEVATA Gabb (p. 35).
11-13. Three views of the type specimen, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
PYROPSIS RICHARDSONI Tuomey (p. 39).

14-16. Three views of a cast which appears to be characteristic of the species.

1 Where not otherwise mentioned, the originals of figures may be considered as belonging to the collection at Rutgers
College, New Brunswick, or in the State collection at Trenton, New Jersey.

300

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY is MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE!

MURICIDAZ OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS

oe

(er Be TT.

11, 12.
13, 14.
15, 16.

17.

18, 19.
20.

302

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

PYROPSIS RETIFER Gabb (p. 38).

. Opposite views of a specimen of typical form.
. Two views of a larger specimen less like the type, and witb fainter markings.

P)\ROPSIS NATICOIDES Whitf (p. 43).

PYROPSIS OCTOLI! ATA Conrad (p. 36).

. Two views of a large cast of typical form.
. View of another individual showing the extension of the anterior beak.

PYROPSIS REILEYI Whitf (p. 42).

Two views of a small cast from Holmdel, New Jersey, from white clays.
Two views of a cast showing faint spiral lines, and also the columellar pits.
Two views of another cast which is entirely smooth.

. Three views of the type, showing the Naticoid form. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

View of the aperture of a specimen which retains a part of the shell and shows the

markings.
Two views of a cast from an ironstone nodule where the anterior beak is preserved.
Impression taken in the matrix of the same specimen showing surface features,
Key Port, New Jersey.

Near

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

RAPH XVIIl PLATE II

MURICIDA OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS,

PLATE III.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

PyROPSIS (Rapa?) CORRINA Whitf. (p. 45).

Fics. 1-3. Three views of a specimen showing the strong columellar fold in Fig. 1.

PyYRoPSIS (RAPA?) SEPTEMLIRATA Gabb (p. 44).

4, A copy of Mr. Gabb’s figure.

5,6. Two figures of a specimen showing lirations and the columellar fold. From Mullica
Hill, New Jersey.

7,8. Views of a large distorted cast showing strong lirations and evidence of transverse costie.
Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila.

PERISSOLAX DUBIA Gabb (p. 47).

9. View of a large specimen from Professor Reiley’s collection. Holmdel, New Jersey.
10,11. Two views of Mr. Gabb’s type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

Pyropsis? oBEsA Whitf. (p. 40).

12,13. Two figures of the type specimen, Fig. 12 showing the columellar folds. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., New York City.

TURBINELLA? VERTICALIS Whitf. (p. 82).

14,15. Opposite views of the type specimen.

ERIPACHYS ? PALUDINAFORMIS Whitf. (p. 77).

16,17. Two views of the specimen described.
304

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XvVill PLATE til

MURICIDAE OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

PELATe. LV.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

PYRIFUSUS SUBDENSATUS Conrad (p. 48).
1-3. Front, back, and summit views of Conrad’s type of the genus. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
PyrIFUSUS ERRATICUS Whitf. (p. 50).

4. View of the shell as obtained by gutta-percha from the matrix.
5, An enlargement of the surface striw. Columbia College.

Pyrirusus MEEKI Whitf. (p. 55).

6. View of an imperfect cast from Crosswicks Creek. Columbia College.
7,8. Views of a more perfect cast from the same locality. State collection.

PYRIFUSUS CUNEUS Whiftf. (p. 51).

9. View of a small cast from the collection Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila.
10,11. Two views of a larger cast from Freehold, New Jersey.

PYRIFUSUS PYRULOIDES Gabb (p. 53).
12,13. Two views of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
Pyrirusus McFarLanpi Whitf. (p. 52).
14,15. Two views of the type. Mullica Hill, New Jersey.
Pyrirusus MULLICAENSIS Gabb (p.52).

16,17. Two views of the smaller cast, from Freehold, New Jersey.
18,19. Similar views of a larger cast, from Mullica Hill, New Jersey.

NEPTUNELLA MULLICAENSIS Whitf. (p. 56).

20,21. Two views of aspecimen from Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
306

she
10, 11.

12, 13.
14, 15.

16, 17.

18-21.

22, 23.

24, 20.
308

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

PYRIFUSUS TURRITUS Whitf. (p. 54).

. Two views of an imperfect cast from Middletown, New Jersey.
. View of a cast from Burlington, New Jersey. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
. Two views of a more perfect cast from Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey.

Phila,

TRITON (EPIDROMUS) PRACKDENS Whitf. (p. 58).

. Two views of the specimen described.

TRACHYTRITON ATLANTICUM Whitf. (p. 59).

Front and back views of a very perfect cast, showing the varices.
Views of two other casts, differing in size.

TRACHYTRITON MULTIVARICOSUM Whitf. (p. 61).

Views of two imperfect casts showing spiral lines.
Two views of a specimen showing varices, but not the spiral lines.

TRACHYTRITON ? HOLMDELENSE Whitf. (p. 60).

Two views of the specimen described, doubtfully a Trachytriton.

ODONTOFUSUS MEDIANS Whitf. (p. 67).

Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Opposite views of each of two individuals of this species showing variation in form.

SERRIFUSUS (LIROFUSUS) NODOCARINATUS Whitf. (p. 64).
Two views of the cast showing the features described.
SERRIFUSUS CROSSWICKENSIS Whitf. (p. 63).

Opposite views of the cast showing the features described.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIIl PLATE V

MURICID4 AND FASCIOLARIIDA OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

6,7.

8,9.

10,11.

12-14.

15, 16.
17, 18.

19, 20.

310

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

ODONTOFUSUS TYPICUS Whitf. (p. 66).

. Views of casts, more or less imperfect, from Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey.
. View of a cast from Cream Ridge, New Jersey, showing the extent of the beak.

ODONTOFUSUS ROSTELLAROIDES Whitf. (p. 68).
Two views of the most perfect cast seen.
ODONTOFUSUS SLACKI Gabb’s sp. (p. 66).
Opposite views of the type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
Fusus HoLMDELENSIS Whitf. (p. 62).
Views of opposite sides of the only specimen seen,
VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTOCHILUS) MUCRONATA Gabb (p. 75).

Opposite sides of a large specimen from Freehold, New Jersey, and front view of a smaller
one from Crosswicks, New Jersey, the latter from the collection at Columbia College.

VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTOCHILUS) BELLA Gabb. (p. 74).

Two views of a medium sized cast.
Similar views of a large cast, probably the type. All from collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

VOLUTOMORPHA (PIESTOCHILUS) KANEI Gabb. (p. 76).

Two views of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila

VOLUTOMORPHA CONRADI Gabb. (p. 71).

. Front view of the type specimen. For other figures of this and other specimens see

Pl. vir.

U,. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVill PLATE Vi

/

RES,
ae

;
gee:

a
jc
13

FUSIDAZZ AND FASCIOLARIIDZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS

\ (st vy

mi =

71 ve i she i ;

PLATE VIL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

VOLUTOMORPHA CONRADI Gabb. (p.71).

Fis. 1. View of the type of the species. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. See also Pl. vi.
2,3. Profile and back view of a larger cast from Mr. M. E. Schenck’s pits, New Jersey.

4,5. Two views of a cast showing imprints of surface AATEIUES) 2 referred doubttully to this
species. Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila.

VoLuTOMORPHA GaBBI Whitf. (p.73).

6. View of a cast showing surface features, but showing the different form of volution from
that of V. Conradi. Holmdel, New Jersey.

312

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XViil PLATE Vil

FASCIOLARIID© OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

iv

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

VoLUTOMORPHA GABBI Whitf. (p. 73).

FIGs. 1. View of a small specimen from Holmdel, New Jersey.

2,3. View of a cast from Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
4. View of a cast of the species ? from Marlboro, New Jersey.

VOLUTOMORPHA PONDEROSA Whitf. (p. 72).

5,6. Two views of an imperfect cast from Neversink, New Jorsey.
314

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY wey MONOGRAFH XVII PLATE Vill

FASCIOLARIIDAZ. OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

Jpolby Ge Wp se.

11, 12.

13, 14.
316

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

TRITONIDEA OBESA Whitf. (p. 79).

. Views from two different individuals of the species.

TURBINELLA ? PARVA Gabb. (p. 80).

. Summit view, natural size, of the type specimen.
. Back and front views of the same enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TURBINELLA ? SUBCONICA Gabb. (p.81).

. Two views of the typespecimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

VASUM CONOIDES Whitf. (p. 83).

. Two views of the specimen ; one natural size, the other enlarged.

EUTHRIA (?) FRAGILIS Whitf. (p. 78).
Two views of the specimen used, one natural size and one enlarged.
VOLUTOMORPHA PONDEROSA Whitf. (p.72).

Two views of a large specimen from Holmdel, New Jersey.

U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIi|_ PLATE IX

FASCIOLARIIDZ, TRITONIDZ, AND TURBINELLIDA OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

[Sibyl Dee

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

VOLUTODERMA BIPLICATA Gabb (p. 90).

Figs. 1-2. Opposite views of the type specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

VOLUTODERMA OVATA Whitf. (p. 91).

3,4. Opposite views of the specimen showing the plications and abrupt shoulder of the volu-
tions. Collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

VoLuTa ? DELAWARENSIS Gabb (p. 84).

5. Back view of the smaller cast used by Mr. Gabb.
6,7. Two views of the larger cast, both types and from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,
318

MONOGRAPH XvViil PLATE X

U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 5

VOLUTIDAZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

Gi sere eXeT.

roe

Figs. 1,2.

3,4.

320

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
ROSTELLITES NASUTUS Gabb (p. 86).
Two views of Mr. Gabb’s type from the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

ROSTELLITES ANGULATUS Whitf. (p. 88).
Two views of a cast showing the flattening of the body volution. Acad. Nat. Sci.,Phila.

ROSTELLITES TEXTURATUS Whitf. (p. 88).

. Views of two individuals, one from Holmdel, the other from Freehold, New Jersey, showing

difference in surface markings.

TURRICULA LEDA Whitf. (p. 93).

. View of the cast used in description.

TURRICULA REILEYI Whitf. (p. 92).

. View of cast described, showing the impression of the extension of the spire above,

TURRICULA SCALARIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 95).

. The cast representing the two sets of surface markings,

PLATE XI

MONOGRAPH XVIII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

coe van ’

=n
Ree)”

VOLUTID4 AND MITRIDZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

7-9.

17, 18.

322

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

TURBINOPSIS PLICATA whiff. (p. 104).

. Two views of a specimen showing the features of the species. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TURBINOPSIS CURTA Whitf. (p. 102).

. Two views of a small cast showing the short spire.
. Views of a larger specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TuRBINOPSIS HitGarp1 Conrad. ? (p. 100).

Views of three imperfect casts referred to this species.

TURBINOPSIS ELEVATA Whitf. (p. 102).

. Two views of an imperfect cast.
. An imperfect cast showing the isolated spots on the columella.
. Views of a more slender cast. All from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

TURBINOPSIS MAJOR Whitf. (p. 103).

. Two views of a small specimen.
. Three views of a large cast.

TURBINOPSIS ANGULATA Whitf. (p. 101).
Two views of a cast showing the specific features.

MOREA NATICELLA Gabb (p. 97).

. Two views of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

CANCELLARIA (MERICA) SUBALTA Conrad (p. 95),

. View of the shell somewhat restored.
. Enlargement from the columellar lip. Acad, Nat, Sci., Phila.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XvVill PLATE XII

CANCELLARIIDZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

PA re Le,

FIGs. uF

9, 10.
. View of a second cast.
12513:

14, 15.

16,17.

18, 19.
20, 21.

22, 23.
24, 25.

324

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

SURCULA STRIGOSA Gabb (p. 105).

View of the fragment supposed to be the type.

CiITHARA MULLICAENSIS Whitf. (p. 106).

3. Front views, one natural size and one enlarged, of a specimen retaining the shell.
. Two views of a cast.
. View of a larger cast from the same locality.

CITHARA CROSSWICKENSIS Whitf. (p. 107).

. Two views of the best cast yet found.

ROSTELLARIA CURTA Whitf. (p. 109).
Views of the opposite sides of a cast showing the features described.
Two views of a specimen retaining fragments of shell.
ROSTELLARIA FUSIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 110).
Two views of the most perfect cast observed.
ROSTELLARIA SPIRATA Whitf. (p. 109).
Two views of a characteristic cast of the species.
ROSTELLARIA COMPACTA Whitf. (p. 108).

Views of a very compact cast showing a ridge on the front of Fig. 18.
Views of a second cast which is less compact. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

ANCHURA (DRAPANOCHILUS) COMPRESSA Whitf. (p. 117).

Two views of a large cast from Freehold, New Jersey.
Views of a cast showing a shorter spire, From the collection of Columbia College.

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVili PLATE Xil!

PLEUROTOMIDA AND STROMBIDAZE OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

ANCHURA ABRUPTA Conrad (p. 113).

Fics. 1. View of a large imperfect cast of the form referred to this species.
2,3. Views of the opposite sides of a second cast, showing the carina on the back of the volu-
tion. Am. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

ANCHURA ABRUPTA var. ACUTISPIRA Whitf. (p. 114).
4. View of the specimen described. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
ALARIA ROSTRATA Gabb (p. 119). :

5,6. Views of two different specimens, both showing the outer lip. Fig. 5 is from a Holmdel
specimen ; Fig. 6 from Haddonfield, New Jersey, in the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

ANCHURA PENNATA Morton (p. 115).
7,8. Views of two casts which show the outer lip. Both from Holmdel, New Jersey.
ANCHURA SOLITARIA Whitf. (p. 117).
9. View of the single imperfect cast observed.
ANCHURA ARENARIA Morton (p. 112).
10. View of Dr. Morton’s type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
RosTELLaRIA HEBE Whitf. (p. 111).

11-13. Three views of the best cast of the species observed.
14. View of another imperfect cast showing spiral lines.

ANCHURA PAGODAFORMIS Whitf. (p. 116).

15,16. Views of the opposite sides of*the best cast of the species yet found.
326

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVIil_ PLATE XIV

STROMBIDAZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

Peis x V-.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
Cypr=a (Aricia) Mortont Gabb (p. 120).
Figs. 1-3. Three views of Mr. Gabb’s New Jersey type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
Doxtum (DoLIopsiIs) MULTILIRATUM Whitf. (p. 121).

4,5. Two views of the specimen used, natural size.
6. Enlarged view of the same.

FICUS PRECEDENS Whitf. (p. 122).
7,8. Two views, enlarged two diameters, of the most perfect cast observed.

NaTICA ABYSSINA Morton (p. 122).

9,10. Two views, lateral and basal, of a cast from the white limestone nodules at Monimently

New Jersey. ;
11,12. Two similar views of another cast from the Green Marls.

GYRODES INFRACARINATA Gabb (p. 125).

13-15. Three views of a very characteristic cast from Highlands, New Jersey.
16. Basal view ofa large cast from Burlington, New Jersey.

GYRODES Apnorti Gabb, (p. 124).

17. Summit view of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
328

U. §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Peep MONOGRAPH XVIIl PLATE XV

CYPRAIDA, DOLIIDZ, AND NATICID4 OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

1s Jive A Sb RGA

Fies. 1-3.

9,11.
12.

13, 14.
15, 16.

17.
18.
19-21.

22, 23, 20.

24.

26.

330

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

GYRODES PETROSA Morton (p. 127).

Back, front, and summit views of a specimen from Mullica Hill. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
New York City,

. Summit view of 2 cast from Crosswicks Creek. Columbia College.

GYRODES CRENATA Conrad (p. 126).

. Two views of the type specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

GYRODES ALTISPIRA Gabb (p. 128).

. Front and back views of a cast from Mullica Hill in the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New

York City.
GYRODES OBTUSIVOLYA Gabb (p. 129).

Views of different specimens from Upper Freehold.
View of another cast in the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City: from
New Egypt, New Jersey.

Lunatia Hawt Gabb. (p. 130).

Two views of a specimen from Mullica Hill in the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Similar views of a cast from the same place in the Am. Mus, Nat. Hist., New York City.

AMAUROPSIS PUNCTATA Gabb (p. 182).

View of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Enlargement of the surface.
Views of different individuals showing but slight diversity in form.

AMAUROPSIS MEEKANA Whitf. (p. 131).

Views of different specimens showing a slight difference in form. Fig.22 enlarged to two
diameters.
Enlargement of the surface.

AMAUROPSIS PALUDINEFORMIS H. M. (pp. 131, 132).

Enlarged view of the type of this species for comparison, two diameters. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., New York City.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XVI

NATICIDZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

Figs.

332

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

MARGARITA ABYSSINA Gabb (p. 133).

. Lateral and basal views of a specimen from Burlington, New Jersey. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

New York City.

. Enlargement to two diameters of the same.
5. Lateral and summit views of a cast from Crosswicks.

MopvuLus LapPiposus Whitf. (p. 152).

. Lateral, basal, and summit views of a very perfect cast.

DELPHINULA LAPIDOSA Morton’s sp. (p. 152).

. Enlarged lateral, summit, and basal views of Dr. Morton’s type, from Alabama. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Phila.

MARGARITELLA ABBOTTI Gabb (p. 134).

. Summit and basal views of Mr. Gabb’s type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
. Lateral and summit views of another cast. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

XENOPHORA LEPROSA Morton (p. 135).

. Summit and basal views of a small cast.
. Basal and lateral views of a large cast from Crosswicks, New Jersey.

ENDOPTYGMA UMBILICATA Tuomey (p. 136).

. Basal view of a small cast showing the groove left by the spiral tooth. Am. Mus. Nat.

Hist., New York City. The specimen is from Burlington, New Jersey.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIi PLATE xvii

TROCHIDA, ONUSTIDA, AND LITTORINIDAZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS,

yd

shy

FIG. ib

8,9.

10.
11.

12.

19, 20.

21, 22.

23, 24.

25.

26.

27, 28.

334

=

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

ScALARIA (OPALIA) THOMASI Gabb? (p. 137).

View of the only specimen of the species observed. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

SCALARIA SILLIMANI Morton (p. 138).

. View of the specimen identified.

ScALARIA? PAUPERATA Whitf. (p. 141).

. Two views of a specimen retaining some of the shell.
. Similar views of a complete cast.
. Enlargement of surface from Fig. 3.

TURRITELLA COMPACTA Whitf. (p. 142.)

Two views of a cast of this species.

TURRITELLA GRANULICOSTA Gabb (p. 144).

View of the type specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
Enlargement of the surface.

ScALARIA? HERCULES Whitf. (p. 140).

View of the specimen as obtained from a gutta-percha impression in the natural mold.
Columbia College.

TURRITELLA VERTEBROIDES, Morton (p. 146).

. View of Morton’s type and an enlargement of the surface. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

. View of an impression in a natural mold from Monmouth, New Jersey.

. View of a large cast in the collection at Columbia College.

. View of a cast from Monmouth County, New Jersey.

. An imperfect cast, Mr. Gabb’s second type of Laxispira lumbricalis, natural size. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Phila.

TURRITELLA ENCRINOIDES Morton (p. 143).

View of Morton’s type and enlargement of surface. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. In the en-
largement, the volution is represented as too round.
View of two internal casts referred to this species from Upper Freehold, New Jersey.

TURRITELLA LippINcoTTI Whitf. (p. 145).

View of apartial cast from Crosswicks, New Jersey, and an imprint from the natural mold
from Holmdel, New Jersey.

LAXISPIRA LUMBRICALIS Gabb (p. 148).

Copy of Mr. Gabb’s figure of the type of the genus and species. The second specimen is
Fig. 18. See also explanation of Fig. 26.

SILIQUARIA PAUPERATA Whitf. (p. 149).

Enlarged view (two diameters) of a cast showing the slit. This specimen was included
in Gabb’s types of Laxispira lumbricalis.
Two views of another specimen found with the above. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XVIII

SCALARIIDA, TURRITELLIDZ, AND VERMETIDA OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

f %
* ] en
i
i
"a
< e 4!
¥ i
Me |
7
A.
+9

. @

Mere XX

FIGs. ils

13.

14.
15, 16.

17, 18.
19, 20.

21, 22.

23-25.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

OBELISCUS CONELLUS Whitf. (p. 151).

View of the front side of the specimen described, greatly enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

LEIOSTRACA CRETACEA Conrad (p. 150).

. Views of three specimens showing the features described, enlarged four, five, and three

diameters respectively.

. A still further enlargement of the aperture from another shell. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

HELCION ? TENTORIUM Morton (p. 153).

. Lateral and vertical views of the type, enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
. Further enlargement of the marginal striz.

ACTON CRETACEA Gabb (p. 158).

. Two views of a cast which shows no spiral striw.
. Two views of another cast showing spiral strie. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

ACTON GABBANA Whitf. (p. 156).
Front view of one of Mr. Gabb’s types of A. biplicata. See Figs. 23-25.
ACTON SUBOVOIDES Whitf. (p. 155).

Front view of the specimen marked ‘ type of A. ovoides Gabb.”
Two views of a second specimen. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

AcTZON ForsBestana Whitf. (p. 157).

Two views of a cast of the species.
Enlargements to two diameters of Fig. 17 and another specimen, showing the spiral lines.
Two views of au individual from Mullica Hill.

ACTON GABBANA Whitf. (p. 156).

Further illustrations of this species to show the aperture, ete.

GLOBICONCHA CURTA Gabb (p. 160).

. Front and lateral views of a cast of this species from Bell County, Texas.

CINULIA (OLIGOPLYCHIA) NATICOIDES Gabb (p. 161).

. View of a specimen, natural size, from the collection at Columbia College. Monmouth

County, New Jersey.

. Enlargement of the front of the same.
. View of another cast showing the cavity of the ridge. Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EULIMIDA, PYRAMIDELLIDA, PATELLIDA, AND TORNATELLID@ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

dee hh Oe

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.
AVELLANA BULLATA Morton (p. 163).

Fics. 1,4. Views of two different specimens, apparently both used by Dr. Morton. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila.

CINULIA OVOIDEA Gabb (p. 162).

5,6. Two views of Mr. Gabb’s type specimen.

BuLLA Morront Lyell & Forbes (p. 165).

7,8. Front and back views of a very large specimen from Crosswicks, in the Columbia College
collection.
9. View of a smaller specimen. Collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

CYLICHNA RECTA Gabb (p. 164).

10,11. Two views of the type specimen enlarged two diameters.

DENTALIUM (FALCULA) FALCATUM Conrad (p. 169).

12,14. View of small much curved specimen, all casts.
15-17. Views of the larger portion of three individual casts.
12. Portion of a partial cast. looking on the back and showing striw# of growth. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.

DENTALIUM SUBARCUATUM Conrad (p. 166).

19. View of a crushed shell from Haddonfield, New Jersey.
20. View of a shell showing the curvature.
21,22. Opposite sides of casts showing the internal features described.
23,24. Enlargement of the surface of Fig. 19, and transverse section of the same. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phila.

SERPULA (DIPLOCONCHA) CRETACEA Conrad ? (p-170).

25. View of the specimen described showing the general features,

U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVili PLATE xx

7
:

:
a}
i}
Hi
+
a1

SBbemesti es ki aes

Pads

TORNATELLIDA, CYLICHNIDAZ, BULLIDZ, AND DENTALIIDZ OF THE LOWER GREENSAND MARLS.

A. _e ae — 7 = i r . LPS —

ee ae SY. a
— y e

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.

PERISSOLAX TRIVOLVA Gabb (p. 172).

FIG. 1. View of Mr. Gabb’s type specimen frou: the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
1,2. Two views of a specimen which has lost the beak. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

VOLUTODERMA ABBOTTI Gabb (p. 173).

4,5. Views of the opposite sides of the type specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
6, 7.. Two views of a specimen from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.
8,9. Similar views of a specimen from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

LunatTia HALui Gabb (p. 175).

10, 11. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen from Timber Creek, New Jersey, in the collec-
tion of the Am, Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

NATICA ABYSSINA Morton (p. 175).

12,13. Front and yertical views of a specimen from Timber Creek, New Jersey, in the collec-
tion of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

340

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY , MONOGRAPH XViIl PLATE Xxi

i ’ 7

sd

MURICIDA, VOLUTIDZ, AND NATICIDZ OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS,

Dale

PLATE X

Fies. 1,2.
3.

342

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.

CaVOSCALA ANNULATA Mort. sp. (p. 177).

Views of the opposite sides of a large specimen showing the general features.
Basal view of the same specimen showing the character of the umbilical cavity and the
flattened callosity around it. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

. Eniargement of four of the ribs from the body volution.
. A further enlargement of one rib to show the finer vertical striz.

PLEUROTOMARIA TINTONENSIS Whitf. (p. 178).

. Vertical, basal, front and lateral views of the specimen described, which I am inclined to

think is a European specimen. Collection at Columbia College.

PLEUROTREMA SOLARIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 180).

. Vertical and basal views of a large individual from the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat.

Hist., New York City.

. Lateral and basal views of one from the collection of Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila. Fig. 12

showing the casts of openings along the line of the slit.

. View of a third specimen of the species.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SCALARIIDAZ AND PLEUROTOMARIID4 OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS.

£5 \. | i Let ieee

led bos aS. OG RES

foes h Alyy,

3,4.

~1
|
S

10; 11.

12, 13.

14,
15.

16, 17.
344

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.

CARICELLA PLICATA Whitf. (p. 182).

Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described.
PLEUROTOMA FARMINGDALENSIS Whitf. (p. 185).

Two views of the. type specimen showing all there is preserved of the cast.

TURRITELLA PUMILLA Gabb (p. 187).
Two views of a specimen presumed to be of this species, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

PLEUROTOMARIA Brittont Whitf. (p. 188).
Lateral, vertical, and basal views of the only east observed.
ROSTELLITES Bicontcus Whitf. (p. 183).

Two views of a large characteristic specimen, showing the features of the aperture very
distinetly. ;
Buia conrica Whitf. (p. 189).

Two views of a very perfect cast from Shark River. Collection of Columbia College.

VOLUTODERMA INTERMEDIA Whitf. (p. 184).

Front view of the best cast observed, showing the three plications.
Outline of a fragment showing the imprint of the exterior surface on the inside of the
outer volution.

ROSTELLARIA NOBILIS Whitf. (p. 186).

Two views of the cast described.

aan z MONOGRAPH XVill_ PLATE XXIII
U. S. LOGICAL SURVEY

TURBINELLIDAZ, VOLUTIDA, PLEUROTOMID, STROMBIDA, TURRITELLIDA, PLEUROTOMARIIDAZ, AND BULLIDZ. FROM THE BASE OF
THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS,

~

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.

Notr.—On the plates of the Eocene the figured specimens, when not otherwise stated, may be
found in the State collection at Rutgers College, or at Trenton, New Jersey.

Murex (PTERONOTUS?) L&VAVARICOSUS Whitf. (p. 190).

Figs. 1,2. Views of: opposite sides of the cast. :

MuREX? sp. undetermined (p. 191).
3. View of a gutta-percha imprint taken from the natural mold.
Triton EocensE Whitf. (p. 192).

4,5. Views of opposite sides of the cast deseribed.

Fusus (UROSALPINX!) MULTICOSTATUS Whitf. (p. 200).

6,7. Two views of the cast, the latter with the beak in outline.

RHINOCANTHA (?) ConraDi Whitf. (p. 191).

8. View of aspecimen from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. collection showing the lip extended above.
9-11. Three views of another specimen showing the base of the beak.

Fusus PLEuRICosTaTA Whitf. (p. 195).

12. View of a cast showing the beak.
13,14. Two views of a larger cast without beak.

Fusus ANGULARIS Whitf. (p. 194).

15,16. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen in the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
New York City.
17,18. View of a broader specimen of the Rutgers College collection.
19. The exterier as obtained from an imprint.

PSEUDOLIVA VETUSTA Conrad (p. 193).

20. View of the front of the only specimen seen.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XViIIl PLATE XXIV

MURICID4, TRITONIDZ, PURPURIDA, AND FUSID OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS,

He eee XX

Figs. 1,2.

8,9.

10, 11.

12, 13.
348

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA) STAMINEA Conrad (p. 197).

Lateral view, and view of the summit of the best specimens yet observed.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA) HECTOR Whitf. (p. 199).

. Views of the opposite sides of a small cast.
. Similar views of a large individual destitute of the anterior beak.

Fusus (NEPTUNEA) HECTOR var. MULTILINEATA Whitf. (p. 199).

. View of the flattened cast showing all that is preserved.

Fusus PEROBESUS Whitf. (p. 196).
Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described.
Fusus Eocenicus Whitf. (p. 198).

Two views of a large cast retaining the anterior beak, and showing the imprint of an
oyster which had attached to the inside of the body volution.
Two views of a smaller cast which has lost the beak, but preserves thesurface markings.

MONOGRAPH XVIIl PLATE XxXV

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FUSID4 OF THE EOCENE LAYERS, UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

ieee by XOX WE

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI.

Fusus Ppaucicostatus Whitf. (p. 196).

1. View of a small specimen showing nearly the entire form.
2,3. Views of the opposite side of a specimen showing some modification in form of the coste.
4,5, Views of a large individual retaining the anterior beak entire, but imbedded in the matrix
so the opposite side could not be obtained in Fig. 5.
6. Enlargement of the surface from Fig. 4.

FIGs.

CLAVELLA RAPHANOIDES Conrad (p. 201).

7,8. Views of opposite sides of the specimen, the anterior beak preserved only on the matrix.

FASCIOLARIA HERCULES Whitf. (p. 202).

9. View of a young specimen preserving the imprint of the beak in the matrix.

10. Another fragment preserving the upper volutions.
11. View of a large cast showing only slight nodes and the base of the beak, and a groove

probably formed by the fold of the columella,
350

U. §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XXV

FUSIDZ AND FASCIOLARIIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

bel Be XX VET.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIL a

FASCIOLARIA HERCULES Whitt. (p- 202).

Figs. 1,2. Views of the opposite sides of a large strongly nodose cast. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New — x
York City.

FASCIOLARIA PROPINQUA Whitf. (p. 203). S

3. View of a cast preserving nearly the entire form. Collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist , s-
New York City. 2

ios

FASCIOLARIA SAMSONI Whitf. (p. 204).

4. View of a fragment of a small cast, showing the imprint of an oyster. Am. Mus. Nat. —
Hist., New York City.

302 -

U. S. GEOLOGCAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVili PLATE XXVIII

FASCIOLARIIDZ. OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

Pipe x XV LE,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.

FascIoLarta SaMsoNI Whitf. (p. 204). .

a
Figs. 1, 2. Views of opposite sides of a large cast imperfect at both extremities. The band aro nd
the base of the upper volutions probably indicates the thickness of the shell at the
sutures, =

304 J -

“SIUVW GNWSN33YH9 G39 ¥3ddN SHL JO SYSAV7 3N3003 SHL 40 YaliyNWIoOlOsW4

INAXX BLWId HIAK Hd VHOONOW

ASAUNS 1¥9I901039 *S *N

wr

eae Ae XTX:

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.

CARICELLA PYRULOIDES Conrad (p. 205). *

1,2. Two views of specimen of medium size. Collection of Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York

City. “a

3, 4. Similar views of another specimen, Fig. 3 showing imprints of the columellar folds.

5. View of a small cast from the Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. collection, New York City, sh
imprints of columellar folds. ;

6. View of a shell from Claiborne, Alabama, for comparison. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New

City. ;

CARICELLA PONDEROSA Whitf. (p. 206).

7, 8. Lateral view showing columellar folds, and summit view of the specimen described. —
356

MONOGRAPH XVIIl PLATE XXIX

2

U. &, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

TURBINELLIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

ree XX Oe.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXxX.

Vo.tuta Leia Whitf. (p. 207).

Fics. 1,2. Two views of avery perfect cast, but slightly distorted from compression.
3. The outer volution of the same specimen lifted to show imprints of columellar folds.

VOLUTA PERELEVATA Whitf. (p. 208).

4,5. Two views of a fragment, the latter having the lower part of the last volution removed
so as to expose the imprints of columellar folds. Collection Am. Mus, Nat. Hist., New
York City.
6. View of another fragment.

VOLUTILITHES CANCELLATUS Whitf. (p. 213).

7-10. Views of four different individuals showing the diversity of surface features, Fig. 9
showing columellar folds; this and Fig. 7 are from specimens in Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
New York City.

VOLUTILITHES Sayana Conrad (p. 212).

11-14. Views of four specimens showing diversity of form and surface. Figs. 11, 12 are from the
collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City, the latter showing columellar folds.
15. View of a specimen from Claiborne, Alabama, showing a medium of features. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., New York City.

358

Oa a

PLATE XXX

MONOGRAPH XVIII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

VOLUTIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

of) PLATE XXX.

7

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI.

VOLUTA PARVULA Whitf. (p. 208).

Fics. 1,2. Two views of a very broad specimen.
3. View of a narrower specimen.

4. The outer half of the last volution removed to show the colamellar folds.

5. View of a specimen donbtfully referred to this species, and showing a mammillated a

Am, Mus. Nat. Hist.

VoOLUTA SCAPHOIDES Whitf. (p. 209).

6-8. Three views of a cast of this species, Fig. 6 haying a part removed to show the colu-
mellar folds. Am. Mus. Nat, Hist. ae
360

U, §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIll PLATE XXX!

ENSAND MARLS.

VOLUTIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GRE

enews AUX Td.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

VoLutTa NEWCOMBIANA Whitf. (p. 211).

Fies. 1,2. Two views of a specimen of the ordinary form.
3. View of a shorter spired form showing cavities of the columellar folds. These are from

the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. e
Votuta VEsTa Whitf. (p. 210).

4,5. Two views of an imperfect cast.
6. Represents the lower part of specimen shown by the faint line on Fig. 4, removed to uae :

the folds on its lower surface. Am. Mus, Nat. Hist.
362 f

PLATE Xxxil

MONOGRAPH XVIII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EE ae

VOLUTIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

flee bee Xe Ep.

Figs. 1,2.

14.

20-22.

23.
24, 25.

26, 27.

364

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

CANCELLARIA RUDIS Whitf. (p. 214).

Opposite sides of the cast showing the features described.

PLEUROTOMA SURCULTIFORMIS Whitf. (p. 215).

. View of a specimen of the ordinary form.
. View of a larger and more robust specimen.

SURCULA PEROBESA Whitf. (p. 217).

. Opposite sides of the best specimens observed.

PLEUROTOMA REGULARICOSTATA Whitf. (p. 215).

. Views of three casts referred to the species. The last, showing no plice on the last volu-

tion, is from the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

PLEUROTOMA (SURCULA) ALTISPIRA Whitf. (p. 216).

. Opposite sides of the same cast. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.
. View of a fragment showing the strize more strongly.
. View of another specimen donbtfully of this species.

SURCULIIES ANNOSUS Conrad (p. 218).

View of the back of the specimen upon which Mr. Conrad founded his species and genus.

SURCULITES CADAVEROSUS Whitf. (p. 219).

View of the opposite sides of a characteristic form of this species.

SURCULITES cuRTUS Whitf. (p. 220).

. Two views of an imperfect cast.
. View of the larger whorl of a specimen showing the difference in size of the next one

above as compared with that of S. annosa.

CYPREA SABULOVIRIDIS Whitf. (p. 223).

Three views of the same cast, the latter view showing the aperture and its crenulations.

CALYPTRAPHORUS VELATUS Conrad (p. 222).

View of a cast showing the direction and cicatrix of the posterior canal.

Two views of another cast showing some of the same features and the vertical folds on the
apical volutions.

Two views of a specimen from Claiborne, Alabama, for comparison. Collection Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., New York City.

MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXII

U. §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CANCELLARIIDZ, PLEUROTOMIDA, STROMBIDA, AND CYPR4ID4 OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

in

PLATH XXXIV.

Figs, 1,2.
3, 4.

13-15.

16,17.

18-21.

22.

23-27.

366

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV.

NATICA GLOBULELLA Whitf. (p. 226).

Upper and lower views of a distorted specimen.
Similar views of another and differently compressed example. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
New York City.

Ficus PENITUS Conrad.? (p. 225).

. View of the best specimen observed.

XENOPHORA LAPIFERENS Whitf. (p. 227).

. Upper view of a cast, showing the scars left by the attached stones.
. Imprint in gutta-percha from a matrix, showing surface strive and adhering stones and

remaining scars.

. Lateral and lower view of another cast; this is from the collection Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., ;

New York City.

SCALARIA TENUILIRATA Whitf. (p. 229).

. View of the exterior as obtained by gutta percha from the matrix of a specimen in the

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.

. Internal cast of the same individual.
12.

Enlargement of the surface from the body volution.
MESALIA ELONGATA Whitf. (p. 230).
Views of three individuals, Fig. 13 from gutta-percha.
CONUS SUBSAURIDENS Conrad (p. 221).

Views of the opposite sides of the best specimen seen.

CASSIDARIA CARINATA Lam, ? (p. 224).

Views of different specimens showing variation of surface. Specimens 19 and 20, Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., New York City.

Views of a fragment showing extreme variation of surface characters. Possibly a distinet
species.

ARCHITECTONICA ANNOSA Conrad (p. 228).

Views of three separate casts, the smaller one, Figs. 23, 26, 27, showing surface striz, and
plications around the edges of the umbilicus. Am, Mus, Nat. Hist., New York City.
Fig. 24 is from Mr, Conrad’s type.

MONOGRAPH XVIIl PL. XXXIV

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
7%

ENE LAYERS OF

AND TURRITELLID OF THE EOC!
THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

CONIDA, CASSIDIDZ, DOLIIDZ, NATICIDZ, ONUSTIDA, SOLARIIDZ, SCALARIIDA,

deal ads XX KY.

Z aa 32
7 2 7 2 An ,
~ : - we . See
é Le
2 : 7 = a)
pong

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV.

LEPTOMARIA ? PERLATA Con. (p. 232).

Fies. 1,2. Summit and basal views of a small specimen showing the apertural slit along the angn-
lation. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York City.
3,4. Lateral and basal views of Courad’s type specimen.
TREMATOFUSUS VENUSTUS Whitf. (p. 235). =.
5,6. Views of two individuals differing in the height of spire and angulation of body volution,
7. View of another specimen as obtained by gutta-percha from the matrix.

368

MONOGRAPH XVili PL. XXXV

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ee

PLEUROTOMARIIDA OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

Py vi XO VT.

Fa) i
a
Peete ewan xyor- oe

“~S

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI.

LEPTOMARIA GIGANTEA Whitf. (p. 233).
1,2. Lateral and basal views of the type specimen.

4

LePTOMARIA PERGRANULOSA Whitf. (p. 234). = i : :
3,4. Vertical and lateral views obtained by gutta-percha in the matrix. ee y
5. Enlargement of the surface of a part of Fig. 3. j : ,
6. Basal view of a part of the cast of the same individual. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York
City. a
ACTON PRISCA Conrad (p. 237).

7,8. Two views of Conrad’s ty pe specimen.
TORNATELLZA LATA Conrad (p. 238).
9,10. Views of two individual casts of this species. ,
‘TORNATINA WETHERELLI Lea (p. 239).

11. This is a copy of Mr, Lea’s figure cited under the description,
370

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL suRVEY

MONOGRAPH xviii PL. xxxvi

yk

a

Ie

oie X XV LI.

| pee OP lie

>: Fics.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII.
Nautitus Dekayi Morton (p. 243).
1. View of a small specimen from Marlboro, New Jersey. ‘ “fe
2,3. Lateral and back view of the specimen figured by Dr. Morton. Acad. Nat. eo pe =
Philadelphia.

4. View of another specimen from the Academy’s collection. cf
5,6. Two views of a specimen loaned by G. F. Kunz, obtained near Hillsboro, New te cole
372

oe MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXVI

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NAUTILIDZ OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

.

e Hele Al a'r Pl

fe eee Ra WIT,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIII.

NavuTiILus DEKAyI Morton (p. 243).

Fics. 1. View of the aperture side of the cast figured by Dr. Morton (see Pl. xxxvu, Figs. 2 and 3)
2. View of a small imperfect cast, showing the siphon and the convexity of the septa. N
Marlboro, New Jersey. ; ;

3,4. Two views of a small specimen from the Middle Marls at J. S. Cook’s pits, near Tinto1
New Jersey. This differs slightly in shape and in the distance between the septa
may possibly prove a distinct species.

Navutitus Bryant Gabb (p. 244).

; ae
5,6. Lateral view and view of the inside of Mr. Gabb’s type, showing the narrow form and —
flattened sides. From the yellow sands of the Middle Marls at Vincentown, New Jer-
sey. : pice
374

MONOGRAPH XVIIl_ PL. XXXVIIT

U. 5. GEOLOGICAL at * So ae a ee
d Cc
2

S GREENSAND MARLS.

NAUTILID4Z OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE BED:

é
a

| oy pee

WT 2 SE eS

PLATE XXXIX.

erat

ATE XXXIX.

LA

N OF P

the o1

aie z i
£03 me i a é ae |
Ap ‘ hal fe é :

be 2 a
7 23

EXP
natu

view,

Lateral

z:
i> :
¥

a f :

| ey

MONOGRAPH XVIII PL. XXXIX
—_—<—$———————————————

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NAUTILIDAZZ OF THE MIDDLE BED GREENSAND MARLS.

ane = eee al
- _ 74 é
, . Zz mapeee
. E :
E ¥ ~
ae oT ear)
_ aes
; a
ee ;
- 9 "es Pa |
a is
P "hh he
= & ‘ ~~
®
.
af

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Xl.

AMMONITES (PLACENTACERAS) PLACENTA, De Kay (p. 255).
Fic. 1. Lateral view of a large specimen, which shows the septa throughont ~ Acad, }
Phila. ee» |
378 ‘ *
bid

U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

7)
pS]
ioe
=<
=
a
z
er
Do
Zz
Ww
WwW
cc
oO
a
uw
a
[eat
ul
=
°
a
Ww
xr
-
ue
(o)
és
fa)
E
Zz
fe)
=
=
<

Figs. ie

3,4.

380

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI.
AMMONITES (PLACENTACERAS) PLACENTA, De Kay (p. 255).

Outline of a septum, natural size, from near the outer part of the specimen figured on
Pl. x1, but from the opposite side.

. View of a small specimen from near Freehold, showing the umbilicus and the lines of

nodes at its outer margin.

AMMONITES DENTATO-CARINATUS Roem. (p. 250).

Two views of the only fragment of the species known from New Jersey. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila.

AMMONITES COMPLEXUS Hall & Meek (p. 249).

. Lateral and dorsal views of the only fragment seen from within the State. Acad. Nat.

Sci., Phila.

. Diagram of a septum as far as it can be traced.

AMMONITES (SPHENODISCUS) LENTICULARIS Owen (p. 258).

. View of a fragment from near the umbilicus, representing parts of several chambers of a

rather large specimen.

. View of another fragment from near the dorsal margin of a large specimen. These two

are all Fhave seen of the species from New Jersey.

AMMONITES (PLACENTACERAS) TILIFER Morton (p. 257).

. View of the fragment figured by Dr. Morton in his Synopsis.
11.

View of a larger fragment, also from Dr. Morton’s collection, showing the dorsal line.

U. &. GEOLOGICAL siinvEY MONOGRAPH XVIIl PLATE XLI

AMMONITID OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE BEDS GREENSAND MARLS.

Wee, Sell.

Figs.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII.

AMMONITES VANUXEMI Morton (p. 253).

1, 2. Lateral and dorsal views of Dr. Morton’s type.
3,4. Profile and lateral views of a larger specimen from the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat.
History. j
5. An enlarged outline (2x) of a septum from the outer portion of the last specimen.

AMMONITES DELAWARENSIS Morton (p. 252).

6,7. Lateral and dorsal views of a small specimen, showing the narrow volution in strong
contrast with Fig. 4.
8. Lateral view of a larger specimen. Both are from the Acad. Nat. Sciences collection. |
9. Diagram, natural size, of the species from the specimen ES iap on Pl. xii, and showing
strong contrast with Fig. 5,

382

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AMMONITID4 OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

‘PLATE XLIIL.

rh.¢ i eS -
iat * = tt rat 2 ‘
: Pere e
>. ase
*

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII.

AMMONITES DELAWARENSIS Morton (p. 252).

{

Fics. 1,2. Lateral and profile views of a large specimen from the collection of th Acad. Nat.
Phila. The diagram of a septum, Fig 9 on Pl. xu, is from the outer part of
specimen, : m1 oe

334 :
®

SIYVW GNYSN3349 G38 Y3MO7 3HL JO WCILINOWWY

WAX 341d. WAX HavHDONOW

= ee eee "
« 7 hag £ aes
- " ’ bs. * p,\ 7)
“e ‘ ie & NS a ee
= lt - \ we Th _
= TON Py u~
-_ _—- 7
@ me See
ee
e 2 we BY,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV.

SCAPHITES SIMILIS Whif. (p. 267).

Fics. 1. Lateral view of the specimen described.
2. Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila. .

SCAPHITES RENIFORMIS Morton (p. 264).

3. A reproduction of Dr. Morton’s figure, no authentic specimen having been seen.

.

SCAPHITES 1k1s Conrad (p. 265).

5. Dorsal and lateral views of one of Mr. Conrad’s types. } :
6. Lateral view of the specimen originally figured by Mr. Conrad.
7. View of an outer chamber, also one of his types. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

SCAPHITES HIPPOCREPIS De Kay (p. 261).

8. Lateral view of the specimen originally figured by Dr. Morton.
9-11. Lateral, dorsal, and vertical views of a larger specimen, both being in the Acad. Nat. Sci.
collection. 7
12. Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged, from the last.

SCAPHITES NODOSUS Owen (p. 261). 4
i vite .

13,14. Lateral and dorsal views of a fragment of an outer chamber referred to this species.
Rutgers College.

386

MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XLIV

U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AMMONITIDZ OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

CIF MTA WY ZONTY BAIA ~ 4

i { (PAS) Vid aaa soren thos! a

: Lantiopel eaittiveie O08 ho cole oliieyid ont tu aw 7 eaeyet
eS ‘witoik Gina) To ewely 900A! hig amy) 4
~< "6" Lensbisi wilted TobeiA Wlebialimsn <2 eulT deegeedue void ny) tose Ve went
avin sralin lay dere. ni io &

ee ECL.

} cone. 1d fered Proriyutnye GAT 4a eile moe wey terete, tute gievinoy dirutl 4 ,T\0

7 Aw oto oat bad? Wahl gy pereat to rite yh
ie j

UGE 73 1A90N env) Aaeeioomiasr all
= or ine ‘ : bs
Vv By Ne Patt! din aan tea Ye re ee A rOhiot£ ttl Ve serie ay wor bec cel ilierT 2) at A

ue Fae asda ds airs Lope lioh of4 gual aeamivge ay Fines be , kod 24 ST

aero wlna st AE woth A eT) Gertrdie od a7) We per Pay iurhrciote teat dif tired
Aidt lien melt OF witherdiel) worn De activate de elite

eter eh aeF Dak, Gil? orl tol iials Wei e Peltor: Vo toeoomeat AT) ed

; ;

a ~~

S

it

a

‘

‘el

on

* _

id E -

.

i 7

> 7

al 7

7

Fies. 1,2.
3,4.
5.

6,7, 8.

9, 10, 11.
12, 13.

14.

388

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV.
TURRILITES PAUPER Whitf. (p. 268).

Views of the opposite sides of the specimen described.

Upper and lower views of the same specimen.

Diagram of a septum, twice enlarged. This was accidentally shaded below instead of
above the line as is done in case of other diagrams. :

PTYCHOCERAS (SOLENOCERAS) ANNULIFER Morton (p. 273).

Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, twice enlarged, of the specimen used by Dr. Morton in
the original description. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

HETEROCOCERAS CONRAD! Morton (p. 269).

Profile, upper and lower views of Dr. Morton’s type. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

Lower and profile views of another specimen, being the deflected outer chamber only, the -
elevated end showing evidences of the last septum. This is from the Atlantic High-
lands of New Jersey, and is from Columbia College collection.

A fragment of another outer chamber from the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,

MONOSRAPH XVIil_ PLATE XLV

U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AMMONITID OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

meme

i

,

ae ey XLV,

. ia if ay

Figs.

4
Pa el Z z
7 te ; ee Yea
> <a” Sale
> i.
=
“ “ ,
a

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVI.

BACULITES COMPRESSUS (Say) Morton (p. 277).

1. Lateral view of the specimen used and figured by Dr. Morton in his synopsis. The dia-
gram below shows the form of the section. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
2. Diagram of a septum of the above specimen (2 x).

BACULITES OVATUS Say (p. 275)
7 |

3,4. Lateral view of the Mullica Hill specimen in the collection of the Am. Mus. Nat. History,
New York, and diagram of the section showing an oval outline.
5,6. Lateral view of a specimen showing an ovate section and diagram of the section. —
7. Diagram (2 X) of a septum of the specimen Fig. 6, for comparison with Fig. 2.
8,9. View of a small specimen from the Middle Marls, near Tinton Falls, New Jersey, and a
diagram of its section.

BACULITES ASPER Morton (p. 278).

10. Lateral view of a fragment supposed to belong to this species.
11. View of the upper end of the fragment showing the septum in part.

390

MONOGRAPH XVIIl_ PLATE XLVI

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AMMONITID4 OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE BEDS GREENSAND MARLS.

ere ts SP OMPTa ZZ NTAdT AO UOTTAYK AIT Y

&.
c

.
~
:
=
~~“

‘ VS aodN areninan) NTT Ws
. sieyuyy4 iif adult tl 9G - Oividath Hoo ) melting. : 2. 3 nv :
3% altlde it
’ mgoltoly cos ity f
Saban AP Be Soni V cae
Wale ete i ae 3 ;
A . Vinnie Tite rie ead wired »” vt ? biol Bibs
ar We ali mitt galery feta eHWel Sih) ak food
vs ; * a itt tu aol / at
—ogln hited ied) wuld Yr wods wien cepa Beal ald Vr yi vay vy .
; fe ont ont dite on ;
ApolioD sew eyhalran ‘argue mah yurvod

i.)

Ftes.

10,11. Views of a phragmocone showing the septa! markings, Rutgers College.

: Vie 2

rn Py : ie, :
F i a ej
= ——— x
7 a nae

: é des.

% is
° ?

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVILI.

BELEMNITELLA AMERICANA Morton (p. 280).

1,2. Views of the opposite sides of a small individual fignred by Dr. Morton in his Synopsis
under the name Belemnites subfusiformis, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
3. View of a heavy thickened specimen much rounded at the base. Rutgers College.
4. A smaller specimen, showing the mucronation at the base. Rutgers College.
5,6. Two views of a very large individual presenting the usual form, Rutgers College.
7. View of part of the same after having been split longitudinally.
8. View of a small specimen imperfect at the lower end, but preserving the walls of the
cavity out to a thin margin. Am. Mus. Nat. History.
9. View of the filling of the alveolar cavity of the last specimen, showing the thickened ridge
on the cast on the side opposite to the slit in the stylet. :

392

PLATE XLVI

MONOGRAPH XvViil

U. 5S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

aa SS 1 al EN art

oe +

BELEMNITID4 OF THE LOWER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

Fig.

r) fi mt. ,
¢ air, Saale
me A. ae
is > 4 *
a
e
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIII.
¥ | , y ¢ ia
-NauTiLus Cookana Whitf. (p. 285). é

1. View of a large specimen which has been obliquely compressed. A portion of the coil has
been removed to show the inner volution, cast of the umbilicus, ete. The wood-cut ont-
line on page 286 is of the opposite side of this specimen.

394

ad
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XVIII PLATE XLVI!

nn eae

NAUTILIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

i

=
ae
y

ela tite eve wild git bo wad) compris oe 4 male ie : jivGh
= 7 > Tie
be | We ould trovetites gon

Saee Beets LATE See

ne red Sie exit Mat be
. 7 phen DT el Dil tenis Gat) puttin baytiene wit) wg

Hi epee GR! 1 ory iarrtap Latin iyi: been -lotiin) re any chichu

cttesly Dereon tey heh Seed! wr very wife old be porns 12M eB ptoded bie A | :
[eK wo A fihveme deli tan Th ; i” tv

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX.

ATURIA VANUXEMI Conrad (p. 287).

Figs. 1. Profile view showing the inside of a septum, the two sinuses formed by the spire, and the
broad funnel-formed siphon.

2. View of the side of a small individual broken so as to show the inner volution, the filling

of the large siphon and the junction of some of the septa with it.

3. View of the filling of a single chamber as obtained from a gutta-percha impression in the

outer cup of the specimen figured on Pl. L, The cast straightened somewhat, giving

less arcuation, but greater length of the ventral portion than should be. The part.

marked a represents the funnel-formed siphonal depression of the septum.

NavTiLus Cooxana Whitf. (p. 285).

4,5, Dorsal and lateral views of a young specimen of the species, somewhat compressed dorso-
ventrally, showing the distant septa and filling of the umbilical cavity. Am. Mus. Nat.
History Collection.

396

MONOGRAPH XVIIl_ PLATE XLIX

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NAUTILID4 OF THE EOCENE LAYERS OF THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

2

5 Fic.

7:

1. Lateral view of a large cast from Shark River, showing the lines of septa very distinctly. —

398

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L.

_ATURIA VANUXEMI Conrad (p. 287).

The specimen is probably somewhat compressed laterally, but not otherwise distort
The profile view on Pl. XLIx is of the same specimen. Rutgers College.

MONOGRAPH XVii| PLATE L

U. S$. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

F THE UPPER BED GREENSAND MARLS.

NAUTILIDZ OF THE EOCENE LAYERS O

ACTON attenuata .
biplicata....-..-
SPUEENER COMDD: -caecpee sencecc ccet=aaneqcacerrens 106, 000
Gabbana Whitf ..-...-- 156, 336
subovoides W .-..-..-- 155, 336
onoidea Gabb.......-- 158, 162
prisca Conrad... 237, 370
Forbesiana Whitf- - 167, 336

Wetherelli Lea. ..... 239
AcCT#ONEMA Conrad .......---+- aeee 236
PTISCH .----- 2-20 e nee e eee ee ee eee 237
Acteonina biplicata 156
naticoides ...-...-- 161
Alabama, Eocene fossils of . 30, 31
ALARIA rostrata Gabb 119, 326
AMAUROPSIS Meekana Wh-..--..-.-.----- Ae 131, 330
paludineformis H.and M ..-.- --- 131, 132, 330
punctata Gabb.....-.---- ----+-20eeee nese oreo ee 132, 330
Ammonceratites Conradi Mort. . meses oe 269
AMMONITES, Brug .----------+--2e-ce--eeeecennne nes 249
complexus ...-..---+--- +--+ +20 -- ee ee eee ee eee eee 249, 380
Delawarensis . 252, 382, 384
dentato-carinatus. .. .-- 250, 380
hippocrepis ..--.------- 262
lenticularis - 258
(SPHENODISCUS) lenti nee ey
lobatus .......----- Saeen = ale aeaa sale mela Seen ae 258
nodosus -- eomneeenne aroseces st cose se SSe28 261

placentus ....--------++----
(PLACENTICERAS) placenta ..
(PLACENTICERAS) telifer Mort ..-.--.-----------+
VeLGfOT ono cen cunaeccne-os-sescunss Steeeeecosass 257
SS 253, 382
249
210
. 113, 326
focst Soa 114, 326
arenaria Mort.......--..-....---. Sieeeta ae Sena 112, 326
(DRAPANOCHILUS) compressa Wh .-. - 117,324
pagodaformis Wh - 116,326
pennata Mort ....-.... . 115, 326
rostrata

Page

AVELLANA bullata Mort ...--.--cece--e+-eeee--2005 - 163, 338
BACULITES asper.-----.---- . 278,390
compressus .....- 277, 390
OVMGUS = o25ecaeewe=n= 275, 390
BELEMNITELLA Americana 280, 392
MUCTONALE ..-.- .n--02---2-0ee 280
PAKlOSUS 22.222 nena e ene n nee seeecenneennnernee: 280
subfusiformis..... 280
BRLEMNITES ambiguas - 280
Americanus ....-- 280
subconicus .. 280
BuCCINID# ..-..-- 77
Buccinorbis vetusta ..-.----.--- so 193
Buccinum vetustum ...200--0+000 193
BuLia conica Wh... mae 189, 344
Mortoni, L.and F .........----.-------- Tess 165, 338
TELE nas cencencncccscceuscoss 164
RRUGLID A. < occ cc e555. pemnncenncee= 165, 189
CA#LATURA Con ..-...-...--------- 236
CALYPTRAPHORUS velatus Conrad 222, 364
CANCELLARIA Hilgardi (Conrad), Gabb....---------- 100
rudis Whitf--..........-----..-- oacscaaer=nes men Alm oO
septemlirata. ..-..----+---seeceeeee ners ete ee eens 44
(Mertca) subalta Con 95, 322
CANCELLARIIDA .---.-----+-+ 95, 214
CARICELLA plicata Wh...... 182, 344
ponderosa Wh ...-.----- 206, 356
pyraloides Gonrell Coecnecenancevpunnenn Sears sci 205, 356
CASSIDARIA carinata Lam..... Seuueas sescdvescuna<aat Sa%, COO
CASSIDIDE .....----------+-- 224
CavoscaLa Whitf ......- 3 176
annulata Mort ...... 177, 342
CEPHALOPODA 284
Cimomiz Burtini ...--.- 284
Lamarcki 284
Cinubia (OLIGOPTYCHA) naticoides Gabb ..- 161, 336
OVOIdEA ........ 222-2 - eee eee eee eee - 162, 338
CrrROCERAS Conradt.....-.-----+---0002eeeeee reese 269
CirHara Crosswickensis Whitf-......-..----------- 107, 324
Maullicaensis Wh.-...-.--- 106, 324
CLAVELLA raphanoides Con. 201, 350
CHLATURA Con........-.-- 236
CONIDE ...-..-------+--- 221
Conus subsauridens Con ..-....---------+-+-------- 221,366
Cretaceous marls, Gasteropoda from - -- 19
classified list of Gasteropoda from... 289, 293
Cephalopoda from - 243, 294
CYLicuNa recta Gabb. 164, 338
CYLICHNIDE ..--.--.- 2222-2 ee eee e ene e eee ceenne 164
Crpr#a (ArictA) Mortoni Gabb --....- 120, 328
sabuloviridis Wh. ....-------------- 223, 364
CYPREIDE.....---0- 2s eee eeeees Spapanenctenrescase 120, 223

399

400 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Delphinula lapidosa Mort. ........ -----+-----+-- ---- 152,332 | GYRODEs petrosa Mort.........0..ceecesssees------- 127,330
DENTAUID EG so. e seeseeace senses eoeeeen 166 | Hamites annulifer .....--..-----+-- Senos 273
DENTALIUM (FALCULA) falcatum Con 169,338 | HELCYON tentorium (Mort.) Meek . oes 153, 336
hamatus Forbes-..--..-------- 169° | ;Heltcocerae) Oonradte-.e. axcl-onscecann ss caese eee 269
hamatus .....-----.---- 169 | HERCOGLOsSA paucifex Cope. --. «- 246,376
Ripleyanum Gabb ~-.-..2.... 22-52. 5- eee cane 167 | HETEROCERAS Conradi.....-.... GRE Score spastic 269, 388
subarcuatum Con...-....-.-------+---+--------- 166,338 | Hippocrenes columbaria Conrad.......---.---------- 222
DIBRANCHIATA .......--.--- 280 | Hinponyx borealis Mort.-.....---
DIPLOCONCHA ..--. 2 sees S5 169 | LAxIspira Gabb....
(SERPULA) cretacea. --.-- 170, 338 lumbricalis Gabb .......--.
IDOMIID Ayeees ene ee eae eetcsere oss semen ete 121,225 | LEIOSTRACA cretacea Con........
Do.ium (Do.iorsis) multiliratum Wh ....- ceocuesce 121,328 | LEPTOMARIA gigantea Wh.........
DREPANOCHILUS compressa Wh..-..---------------- 117, 324 pergranulosa Wh.......-....-.-- Scecesecesetcee 234, 370
PUD BRIOPTH ABM Ave aoneninn a oes Seno ae eee eee 153 perlata Con..5.cs2v- cose sctccwoesaewnteass meen
EnportyGmMa umbilicata Tuomey. - 136, 332 | LiroFusuUs nodocarinatus Wh. ..-
Eocene forms of New Jersey known in Alabama and LITTORINID#.-..-- ee
ISO WHOLG sea eee eae nanan ee «eee eee 30,31 | Littorina punctata .........--.--++
Eocene Marls, Gasteropoda from....-.....- ceepsceee 190,295 | Lower Green Marls, Gasteropoda from........- seses 19,88
EPIpROMUs precedens = Triton ............ ecee---. 58,308 | LUNATIA? altispira........---...-..-- waunes ann easaas 128
Errpacnya ? palndinaformis Wh STG RU foes cee eae ane eee -130, 175, 330, 340
Eulima cretacea ..-..--..------ obtusivolva Gabb ........-.-.- Zeenee, 102 130
EULIMIDE..--.- MarGarita abyssina Gabb .........-.--.--.-2------ 133, 332
Euspira Halli.. MARrGARITELLA AbbottiGabb .. sooee- 134, 322
EUTHRIA fragilis Wh... ...--..-cccecccoecencnancens- MERRICA GUDAIBGA, «oo bein as seianeseeate a eeeen ees 95
Eutropia punctata .....--..------+---+ 132 | Mrsa.ia elongata Wh ................- cesececceeees 230, 366
FALcuLA Conrad........--..- 168 | Middle Marls, Gasteropoda from......-........----- 173
falcata Con.... 169)9S8)))) Mime tp as: on. oo. wee ecsanieces Sore een e aa naee ees 92
hamatug -.....--...-------- 169 | Moputus lapidosus Mort......... ..-eee--0--se--e0e 152, 332
FAscIOLARIA Hercules Wh . . -202, 350,352 | MonoceRas fusiformis....... ..- ee5io2 193
propinqua Wh .......-----+++ oeesno wees aasnenene 203, 352 pyruloides ........--... posite wcgnonns 193
ISETEGTOOAN ececee nce nsoneicoce cre pecerescasos 204, 352, 354 DEUISLA CON canmaninea somes a 193
Ridch Gan passe ancess seein se soenocneep soar 66 | Morea cancellari Con..........-. = ORtce ae cecanseon 97
ARCIOUARYD Aa ivcnwoccan asec <sese-eecsersraa==sencwe 65, 202 naticella Gabb ... 22. .--. 200 -cenes scnneace ecssee 97, 322
Ficus octolirata . -. 36 | Murex (Pleuronotus) leve#varicosus Wh........... 180, 346
penitus Conrad . 225, 366 Smithi : F 191
precedens Wh. 122, 328 BDi poe assee ---- 191, 346
Fulgoraria bella...-.---+0++ 74> | (MOGRIGID IR Ge oan an eaieeee esas cee AOssaone- 83, 172, 190
ONT GO ee aaa ee ee sella eens ae 71 | Natica abyssina Mort.........-..-- caresotos 123, 175, 328, 340
CO 14 Spe OBER OC HEC cebeseeSccsns: stance 86 alveata .------..--- 127
UBED Aieenn ss a seaee anaes aa ee seen een ae eee 62, 194 (Gyrodes) crenata . 126
Fusus angularis Wh......-.----- 194, 346 globulella Wh... 226, 366
(NEpTuNEA) Eocenicus Wh.. 198, 348 infracarinata .........+ aisieea‘a(elcn'sicla'ae ene eae 125
hector! Wiis. 22-aeneeece<e scsas 199, 348 OUSANT CP OVINEE os ces enncatas Seren sen a=sieeaere ae 131
hector var. multilineatus Wh 199, 348 petrosd.....--..-- te eeeee er eeceeeee seeeeeeeceeeee
?Holmdelensis Wh..-..-.....------ ait occeeeeeee 62,310 | NATICIDH............. ceeeeecere
Mullicaensis Gabb .......---.-- sesesac 52 | NAUTILIDE ..-........----..-------
(UROSALPINX) multicostatus Wh....---......... 200,346 | NAUTILUS angustatus .......-.----2202---2020--e2-ee
DAUCICORtALUB WANs aw oes nino seceaeis seen cctecesee 196, 350 Bryani..---.----- wide ascsecenuasseeaoue 244, 374
POrohesus Wihs--s saan s-deces ced cocacccessosasaes 196, 348 Burtini ...-- 22222022222 cece ee ene eee seee ee ce ee ee 284
MLOricOstahis Ween con = nen e en aae eee 195, 346 Gogkatig a 22 cenoesc sana Cacao atecoaa4 285, 384, 396
raphanoides Con -.- COC OLEIC OSA ac aneo 201 Dekayi -..-... - 243, 372, 374
Rais SSuScoscecen ces 2260 38 DiQMareky «2250-02 =2-ae==e==s5== —— 284
WOQTUOTOUGh scenc-smdnes esa teed aaa asia eee 69 orbiculatue .....--- ~--. 246, 248
trivolvia ..-. a ewaeewesacients qaceeneance 172 | NEPTUNEA Eocenicus Wh.-.-=-....0-2--2--cecs20n-- 198, 348
(NEPTUNEA) staminea Conrad. . ---- 197,348 Weotor Wh \..2-2sec5=cocosecen sce weeeoa eee: 199, 348
Gladiusiarenarium: ..2. --25<-o--< = nee eo se ee eseee 112 var. multilineatus Wh .-.--......-----.-..------ 199, 348
PALO LAST ISS SO se marige On asag oc ae ROSS Teen 115 vmpresea\ GADD .o-. =<) «2s+~<0-ene~eeeee= === 171
PORT LLY le alee are ti ain ate pe 119 staminea Conrad..-.......-------- 197, 348
GLOBICONCHA (TYLOSTOMA) curta Gabb.....---..... 160,336 | NEPTUNELLA Mullicaensis Wh 56, 306
GyRovEs Abbotti Gabb.....-.......--.-.-..------.- 124,328 | OBELISCUS conellus Wh...-..------ - 151, 336
GUY REINER MOVs aera soe sealer ee 123 | ODONTOFUSUS Wh......---.--.--------seee+-0--=-02 65
AILS pITa Gau prose -ceos ons coteee reece ee alae 128, 330 medians Wh 6 228-6 - ee sene ee wae eae 67, 308
UD EDTUE nace aaleees nasa <a eee nie ee 127 rostellaroides Wh... 68, 310
crenata Con. .......<--00-<-+0 Swieemea lod, ao0 SlackiGabbe-ossesoesaese ten sees ee eee ae 66, 310
infracarinata Gabb.......---- --- 125,328 typicne Wh) -s<-. 00 ete n= . 66,310
obtusivolva|Gabb:---.2.--cseesetastbessccesceeee 129, 330 | OLIGOPTYCHA naticoides Gabb ....... .. 161,336

bo]

s
INDEX. 401
Page. Page.
ONUSTUS annosus .....---.------- mathe te pee cee ee 228 | Prgoprsis (Rapa) Corinna Wh 45, 304
extensus . elevata Gabb..........-.-. As - 35,300
leprosus .. naticoides Wh 43, 302
ONuSsTIDE. . octolirata Con 36, 302
MIDAREN Sven cone cacesceecnsbancescee A: ear pee en 137 RICE OLE = See eee sea = eA ee es 40, 304
OPALIA annulata........ : 1i7 perlata Con ..... 37, 300
Thomasi Gabb........ - 187, 334 perlata .......... 35
OPISTHOBR \NCHIATA .--- - 155, 236 retifer Gabb .... - 38,302
Patella tentorum ..-....-- © ap Sasser erences 153 Ratlayii Wh -s=<2--5<<--0 Eee. ach tower can 42, 302
PATERYIDE..-..-...-.-.- 153 Richardsoni Tuom
PECTINIBRANCHIATA .....---------- seoesce 33, 190 Richardgont << <<. cnconawc=s
Pelagus Vanuzemi ......-.---.----- =p75 (Rapa) septemlirata Gabb
PrrissoLtax Gabb. .. trochiformis Tuom..-...
dubia Gabb ...--... Pyrula cancellata........
octolirata

retifer Gabb......-.. senses re, maces 38
Richardsoni Taom = 39
trivolva Gabb --.-.. - 172,340
Phasianella punctata........-.....+------ 132
Phorus leprosus ..... 135
OPTI ET OTe a Re en Se 136

69

74, 310

76, 310

mucronata .. 75, 210
ENE) OS I eS ee ae aoe noord 66
PLACENTICERAS lenticulare ..........---- eceee sense 6 258
placentum............-+ 255
Sifer pooner cana seeaaccenane em 257
(SPHZNODISCUS) lenticularig........ 258
PLEUROTOMA (SURCULA) altispira Wh...-. -- 216, 364
Farmingdulensis Wh...........-...-..- -- 185,344
Mullicaensis.........-- 2h aass- == 52
RAPUIArICOStAth NVR oa 22 -nsanee-c-sanuwescavwass 215, 364
surculitiformis Wh. pene ---- 215, 364
PLEUROTOMIDS ... see -105, 185, 215
PLEUROTOMARIA Brittoni Wh .-.-. ---- 188, 344
crotaloides (Mort.) Gabb ..........-....---..--- 134
ON eR OE EE RE RES CE RCC cere 232
ERIN lene ee ae reece weetacae ssn = fee ece 178, 342
PLEUROTOMARUDE. . ---178, 188, 232
RUROTRRMS Wi Gicce eens on enc ncwece: os ameccee = 179
BOlAMAOTMIB Ws secre cams ceecae=s sane —oeeneeeoe 180, 342
PODOPHTHALMA 188, 232
Priscoficus Smithi . 191, 225
PROSOBRANCHIATA = 33,190
PsEUDOLIVA vetusta Con 193, 346
PTERONOTUS lwyavaricosus Wh...............------ 190, 346
Prycnoceras (SOLENOCERAS) annulifer............. 273, 388

UELOLO TOO eB ea eee
Purpw ea (Morea) naticella ...
Purpuroidea? dubia ....... 3
EAM RMOOMSINOM . 66-0 Js enastenanessanecnvnaue
Pyrificus Smithi (Sow.) Meek ..........2........
Tee COCNROUL On «eon ecues = scoecneencuceeeraus
cuneus Wh ..
erraticus Wh.......
Macfarlandi Wh....
SADORNNU HL 6 oo ncccee
Maullicaensis Gabb ......
pyruloides Gabb. ........
Smithi (Sow.) Meek...
subdensatus, Con...-...
turritus Wh.........-

MON XVITI——26

elegantissima ....

EOE seen Senet aS 2 55 Sane eC cece eo 225
PROROTUSONG occ new asians aeowaswesc nce eons =e access 35, 37, 39
Smithi ......- =e ae 191
tricarinata ..-..- - 225
trochiformis so (87, 41
REAP AN COMIN) Will sews cn sisevesn omens cusercie cue cue—a~ 45, 304
MAES fone nm nee ee in == lao 35, 37
pyruloides Gabb. 53
septemliratus......... 44, 304
RAINOCANTHA? Conradi Wh. - 191, 346
ROSTEDUARL A sonucs duseasaneneceesoes seecs aes 108
arenarum, Mort .......-----...-.-0- arocess < 112
108, 324

109, 324

110, 324

111, 326

222

Mobilis Wh)... --.os ASC AIOE IOS SSR 186, 344
pennata ......... Ween we ewe ee cece ee nee cccceseccce 115
rostrata ..... 119
spirata Wh ..- - 109, 324
WEL =e wae wtome ae 222

biconicus Wh .
biplicatus.....
Conradi .-....

Scala annulata ..
Sillimani....

Thomasi Gabb.

SCALARIA annulata “ 177
Hercules Wh.....-... peewee nanan anccen ee OT ee:
STIAV PECAN Masaee eco a aan ee soo rmeesene atone 141, 334
Suliman OrG) asda con cee eete a veer mccce casce 138, 334
tenuilirata Wh ....-........ - 229, 366
(Ovatta) Thomasi Gabb........................ 137,334

NGADABUD AS. tnca see pet aoNte tac erecn an sateen aname 137, 176, 229

ScarHuEetta Newcombiana Wh 211, 362

Scapuires Conradi
Ouvieri.. ......
hippocrepis
hippocrepis -.

Ue ee ee SSR A Ba Boe ees Se ee ea een
SU eee ee ae Re oe ee ae
reniformis.

similis Whitf.

402 INDEX.
Page. Page
SCAPHOPODA ......-----000--0--0-e coer stoseces é 166 | TuRBINOpPsI8 elevata Wh eee. 102, 322
Sycotupus penitus .....- == 225 Hilgardi Con ........ 100, 322
SCUTIBBANCHIATA qs cer cescemsee=—=-sseerseonecna= 153, 188, 232 major Wh..... seoeeccs eeceds peahiasne ieee deere 103, 322
?SERPuLA (Diploconcha) cretacea Con........-.---- 170, 338 plicata Wh...---........... a Sacco ctosccesse 104, 322
SeRRiFUsUsS Crosswickensis Wh.----..------------- 63,308 | TurricuLa Leda Wh. .......-- 93, 320
(LrroFusus) nodocarinatus Wh. ..--.---------- 64, 308 Reiley? Wh... oscccose ss 92, 320
SILIQUARIA pauperata Wh..-....--. 149, 334 scalariformis Wh-.-.--. 95, 320
SoLARIIDS ...---.-- PRES | AES SUG EBY oe eee pense eee Sone ee 142, 187, 230
Solariella Abbotti ... 334 | TURRITELLA compacta Wh....-.....--..-----.--.---- 142, 334
AOlaritl Ty CUY SS eee ne a ae woe eee 133 encrinoides Mort-.....- -- 143,334
CLAD OTOL ox cacaice cans 55 ae he hleea a eee Ee 228 granulicostata Gabb ..... -. 144, 344
SoLenoceras Conrad......- 271, 273 Hardimanensis Gabb...-. SRE Se 145
ainulifer:.. 2c esta<e 273, 388 Lippinep iti WW: nae ena oasaeneta aeeaeeee 145, 334
Solidula biplicata. 156 Pima Gah esas eases eases eeieee eee eee aaa 187, 344
bullata 162, 163 vertebroides Mort........-..---..... powers beers 146, 334
naticoides ...--.------ Bee sU se Ssenccosn aS soe 161 | TURRILITES pauper Whitf-...--..............--..... 268, 388
SPHENODISCUS lenticularis ........-.-------+-------- 258 | TyLosToma curta ....--..-..--.----.----2+.---+- -- 160, 336
Straparollus lapidosus-.-...--..22+ceee-eeeeene-eneee 162 | Upper marls, Gasteropoda from .--.......-..-.. 2 183
STrROMBIDZ = oe esc--e- =e . 108, 186, 222 | UROSALPINX multicostata Wh. ..--..........-..- -. 200, 346
SURCULA altispira Whitf- ..-. 216,364 | VASUM conoides Wh .--.-..--.-..-. se ns 83, 316
perobesa Wh....- ono 17 S08 |) MBM IID Sense oe aoe ae eee eem ee ee en eres oni 149, 173
atrigosa Gabb.......-.-------<---0= eee 105,324 | VOLuTA Defrancii ..--... 212
SDRCUGITES Conrad eeeec=-----= > === seen ences 217 Delawarensis Gabb .. 84, 318
annosus Con ..... a5 218, 364 OTE aanedesanenaia 212
cadeverosus Wh......- 219, 364 Kanet ........ Spanner eae 76
curtus Wh.-----.-- 220, 364 Lelia Wh ........ Ame OSR hao see ectissececee ses 207, 358
Sycotypus penitus.......---+ 225 mucronata 75
Tables showing genera and species in New Jersey (SCAPHELLA) Newcombiana Wh 211, 362
aud else whore) -ss-seee~s2=sena= ete OS = AOU AE 24, 31 PATUG ~~ 22 ~~ wen nee ewe eee ne ee eee eee 212
‘TECTIBRANCHIATA ..2-00ccectecce,<aceusasaes e+. 155, 236 PE Oe sas ee sch ee cosseegeacecs 208, 360
TETRABRANCHIATA 243 perelevata Wh..... SacI ASP OCUS Seas ECS eCocn acs 208, 358
TOrnaten a OUlOld conse nccuceanac= Js-sase sss sseeusse= 162, 163 Sayana ...---.--.-.---- Se roceeaeranes sesaae 212
Ba luecsocceo ean crue as anseocecaseencvabesepeanee 157 BCADHOMMOS Wes oneonhsesmancccauneacesceelceere 209, 360
TORNATELLa lata Conrad.......-. Baus secies Seteeawtes 238, 370 (AmoriA) vesta Wh.........2---2---20eee------- 210, 362
TORNATEDIIDR (hosts so moda cee seen sccccoue toch uces 155, 236 | VOLUTIDA ....-......-... -- 84, 173, 183, 207
TORNATINA Wetherelli Lea..-..........- ... 239,370 | VOLUTODERMA Gabb .............--..-...--..------- 89
TRACHYTRITON Atlanticam Wh ......-.. .-- 59,308 Abbotti Gabb .--..--.-. sete e ree eeen ee erence en ee 173, 340
Holmdelense Wh........--...----- : 60, 308 biplicata Gabb ............. Cato necemee sonnei 90, 318
multivaricosi@m Wh ..-ssu+--condees oc amerenmces 61, 308 intermedia Wh.......--.... 184, 344
IPREMATORUBUB WRG anesneaeasouns -aae[annoteneee 235 ovata Wh ..... eonce- 91, 318
venustus Wh ..-... --- 235,368 | VOLUTILITHES.. 212
TRITON Eocense Wh --- 192,346 AUC canna ates eee 173
(ErIpRoMus) precedens Wh........ 58, 308 DEUS canto een sone ar ane 4
SDRITONINEAS. ceopaae nesta see aea enn nae nceeeeee 58, 192 biplicata ...... ...-- wee qacdee= sup ean=seneeinwanan 90
TRITONIDAODGswW, Wilsacracat acre cactemesecanmoee ate 79, 316 cancellatus Wh ............. esrb sonecoseasseces 213, 358
EERO C HID aie reeset mali 9 ate 133 Oonradi .....-.. 69, 71
Trochus extensus ... 227 mucronata ....--- 75
leprosus Mort mutata ........-- 86, 212
TUDICLA -........ a TUIBULO won ova a nale eet ele ala siete eet 75, 86
CLAD RUE ananassae nats Sayan CONC cn ses-aceesa oneness eee ----. 212,358
planimarginata Wh Texanus (Con.) Gabb Sedo : 88
Ti AD Aopen esos ebro arecesar=soausaces hee! 37 | VoturomorPHa Gabb. - seoccec9 -- 69, 85, 89
(Pyrula) trochiformis 37, 41 Abbottt Gabb..........- a sft 2 173
TIPHSINE GL EID WE os ios eee ana --- 80, 182, 205 (PIESTOCHILUs) bella Gabb-..........-..-.------ 74,310
TURBINELLA parva Gabb 80, 316 Conradi Gabb ........---.--.-------.----«---- 71, 310, 312
Pop CES er RB Sree oars Cheer One seed 205 © Delawarensis Gabb .--<<-.----2--02---seens=--- 84
subconica!GabDo--.ccas-asee eee anesene ee eeenn ee 81, 316 Gabb. Whitf -. 73,312, 314
verticalis Wh ... 82, 304 (Prestocuitus) Kanei Gabb 76, 310
TURBINOPSIS Conrad -. 98 (PIESTOCHILUS) mucronata Gabb.....----------- 75, 310
angulata Wh. - 101, 322 ponderosa Whitf --....-...---..-....---.----- 72, 314, 316
GURU OOM idsce Soe eeecinesnek eer rneen ceoecee se ace 102,322 | XENOPHORA lapiferens Whitf.-.......-...---..----- 227, 366
depressus Gabb ......-.----+ Saws iceeceacerecases 100 leprosa Mort. --.,.,----seeeyeceeseeeenes ence eee 135, 332

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