oo rac arinn epee an tp oe arene A acne nae aaeee aeane ne eae yw nee a cee nome a ne von mene WE PA CRSA WN HS Nat mecanigi aubesty pean vies DEPARTMENT OF LAE INTH RIOR MONOGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY EOE NO! ML Ta | XC OS SO WHITE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1899 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR POSS WLOR A: OF THE POW tii, COnwE Wie aS Ua S MIsSsSOURL IDYIR WY JL ID) OW des IEG Jap WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINYING OFFICE 1899 CON) NaS: Page ISTTPRAG HOON oaaceocoonoe coOD000 0O5000. cb0000 Sunasa.cde0as pESeced donooDcdodER Neeeinetiesteiesciesciecis 1 Cobeaiioay eine) Geis) .55600 o606 song soubo poss Cap pda.oEeD Sdonss codes cobSa5 05009 [650 EenOnOoS 2 Stratigraphy of the plant-bearing terranes..-.....-.-..----- s.00-- one ns een ne ee eee eee eee 4 Descriptiontofe theispeciesy: sjeemtserpeea = email late aaa sella lal ole lela oln allel alta of intalataimim=/nl min inte 11 Chay OuOy SPN) 35546 noooacsceqc0n cod os9e Hebcod ated pSueCDoSos AB pass Sooboosbodse Oocoss soso boCe 11 INE oda5 op bose SogaEE SH 5c0d0D CNS Deeg E505 Sand Sonn SostomonSSd0 pabacs aocdaDpbososoEaCoegS 11 AOGRIOUEVES sone asco cooase cododéboodoe cobA CoDO tobe SboSbo obesoo cone send coseeedon 11 COMOSMO NTS Aas scogencsosan aoHondonuans ouedgs SonEEO dons Sone Scod code Shan cgonot 11 TOY os oppo cebeod cob aca cogoba adooD DoOODN SoOdeG COSTER Hob SHE RoUaES Codaob Sogo oebeedsS 13 TEV RENO IM WEL ao seen coco Sas5 bode DacSoD OmeenS adobe soDdgs BoSo0S saadad cogadqHSses 13 TERE) cose cana cadecolsounos condao OoSeEd Sob RSOnNCU HoDH Escoac eauebeoaN0S060" 13 SOMBaK NIUE) sees esocanconncy cab0aD aHdcas doesco cUDead dUSgSS Hoods conde open o5e000 15 JORG PWNS Gaaeoonacocs condco scacHH 000500 bens 9000 e606 HOBO cecn goaaNs SeuG8s 00S 15 Biteridop hy tame secre eer ciate erate ee telsteteteoteatate eleotetetoleleinlalaloielelelsleleteieteeistatetatetncteteiaetetatete 16 TMTCAIGS ec odsc6c 6eh5n6 Sona. sede Shoe cose Dds oO UdSUeDad oEEDoeEe GONE SSdS seasecuSSsOn0000 16 riphyllopterid ee nasess= sere eee rte ape elena el laminae ete iniaiemetieialeielalatela 16 IDEN) MI Jeno oad odc0b6 Sanoce Nonnoaseseauouo5 cose Done Hobe cued coBSacebSsac 16 Pseudopecopterispes ee eeeecee since so esestieecincecioesecreenecerceras 21 (Mari op terisieiescpcst eee tere ceicks aeiatelatetels alata nieiaietsteeloreteleteleietevorelslaicteeieyelalsiai= 30 SONI KEMG EES Ga6oo5S50s ssod0s cab0d5 cansennessee Sone cod code Denese c5be. GooocS 35 Sphenoplerisecsasemec creer eyelet alata ela atalalatalateraalstetatots avers 35 Oligocarplaiecmsmassteeeeeeemetee cee reer eles eemee eee tecleeiela cits celelemlara 66 JNIGKO SUGHTS coscab odoces cb00 e000 S500 Gabe coda coocES eo oes UODobAGendSoScESUuDSS 70 TRICO NIGER ob cnc sa Bboacoedos cosa DobD SooGOD 2og008 UdbooU HoEgno SodcuE ceDS OnGS 74 IQUE dow booodo cooSeahaoDSe cpaosSbEeD Godu onaUE Bosses SonEoncauS G60gc0 74 Thee AES SEEN coaba0 cooccospssoct aDacogEdeEcogHoD Soda SesbaDs5 Aebods CoNe HaagCod 7 ISR EY cooscoBGDoNG oscbon sooo R Scud DodeSd Goo beD oBdeus HopdEdsauS cooEdoSNed 97 SOUR NISS sS S556 asco coeasoodasso seussy seonoe Sboe gouES GUDOsE.cocomoudaSDooC 101 COMM OER Sheads Gooda6 s0b0G0 naduaS ENSdog ceScOH déegseboouoHSHoos Sbo55005 101 Megaphyton.-.. 2. ---. 22 pe noe nnn tenn ene eee en ee eee eee 102 SIME sone soodte pooce0 odoone Gono caSendodonbaudon gasouadoNSosandoESHbEKoG 103 IWIGEATIO NUGIIEES co56 cogoue goeche DodoCe conSEE.oh6G00 coobsens ceSbasg bbas HosaapCEoS 113 INIGUING DUCT 655 c606 0960 Soidone cobEce BocoSEsbo00N cadouaneugeé cose bosECD Gade 113 Calllipterta iam pace pemcteratstemeteeiel siesta eee ata aleltelteal= eratet al tratelarelats ote eralatelatatar= 120 Odontoptenishe-seeee eee ee eee eree ee cee eiemeateiesieteeciteeismteiseielieceintetscteretrete 125 NGI MEH coco odancs 9950 6500 6000 0005 Goon dO0S80 coSHE500 aNd6 oSa9 GoDSKe BoC 127 TEAL NES 6a65 4009 b05 008900 0000 NSESaa Sond O000 dane SHB GoDs pogSTasongaSNGS 139 Meni oplerisje-seseeeaeeee eee eaeesecereseseceriatesic Joeloweciesscseaceuecesce 140 Hiquisetales) <2 ne oie -intat ete nin esis ail Dobos dbo6eS eeeacoesodeone suds auee 144 COPIEMIEMEED, co5d65 6ddecsconSed cosecHndaods codes odd oseDcboDeb Sood SeHEue sogboN 144 OEMS S655 b0dde0 deca annd bobs db0e adbooUnSED couoSUdeED oogecobouS ooDodS 144 INS OLO Ny AUDI sh55co cSesce Qo udco oo oge4 DeSdIaDgEDD oDEeD Coad ooDSeE HOOD HOOGK 150 CalamostachtySwerens- see crscmcrtetiecciac es actesielae eleieeiatnemiciccleiatee lenis ainae ala 156 JANET 655 coos cobbieoSeds sodsos Sdoubs cODEobonSUSS Hbob ooob Osea GHEE bo6505 157 WISE. 66ca0 bo oo5nes codeod seasiacdooc doCEde Sec508 GO00 Sade dooce SobEoS 165 COMO Che) cooacs soSecss osbesdooasss soscusdosS. canbcs cdeD Sood OodS Sss6 GS6NEr 166 WE OROSIRIEIN EY coon con ceness poss s0esas codcos So0css coNSES SbeoOSb5e0 cesasHa5 171 MNOS HED GOWS)s cesebe pocHoosSoaow cqnDdo case 065660 dogass DoDDES SSeS ooSSua cogsosuE 171 IRAGICILES! (oe ewwinn sein mis wan le nie epee ain wnenie|einiie-~ sn -- ensececeniwes 171 VI CONTENTS. Description of the species—Continued. Cryptogams—Continued. Pteridophyta—Continued. Page. SGT MWe se ee bodes cep oS0aso0e0D DoDDDD BocoDIanade sadD0ddba0Kd Gog0dE Sooste 173 Sphenop hill exe we emtepe ato eiae sata stale lol rae ete elelactetetae ere atecteietete oleate elaine alae ieee 173 Splteno phylum Waeertesticcteleacistenieiseel saree eet eisetoeee eiseianel eee eee ena eeee ee 173 Tbr OO) DO HENES = C5535 5656 onde C08 Kec Sonn BOOS cong nsea bsoceS cosaSanoSOoS Kab ASO toe 187 ILA NGO NGI ENS Sado natcco Gagace cosade e556 S55 casas Subba0 osSodansDaSoOSOS coos 187 Tepid odemd rorya e mteretee ate rete teeta teterelotetatere ola ee alee eee tee ate 187 Thepidophiloiosye-ee-hene= seis eal eee eee eee eee eee eee eee Cee eee 201 JUG GHA) Ouse Soc saceoo coboob aocEad So65 seoese peacadiosoocd Soon deediscos 212 Mepidophiydllumy-esee-stenseteaes cates e alerts eeiee tees eee eee nee eae eee 214 ICICLE TSO) Sosodos coodse Sebosn code socces omecaonSsus coondU Goeaentooansec 215 Omphalophilol0s cease mete eta eee ee eee teal sete eee 218 Spey Eey = coseecpcsotonSoocces Scenogo6 Soon soosdo ass osd cos conc oecoen secs aeee 230 SHOEI Eo Saas sconce coonoD concoo daccde cookne abeent cooDen sboeaa ceoocees 230 DAW EOE Sc ooo5 cas ooeos oooe ecbS coc ceSecoSHesEoUS cHSUDaE SE Seconda cone 241 SET es sooScc nasacc csod ces codess ab0086 Besa canudd ouneniceaoa Secaasad aces 241 Ani Sipillariesrautuepidodendrenyt cae em ome en ee seme see eee ee eeee-eeeieeee 244 STATED NE) Son coocek como CoUSDO anSansUD SoSnat GoocdoncoHbaoSEcas aaa HEoooS 244 Stigmarioid“impressiony cere“ -- se ==) ee eee eee sR eee nee a eeeeeeeeae coors 246 INN PS) IAONI5 osades 1500c0 cduase osSepSneRSsoEE cosdeesnESenboocad aces cose HHOO OOass 247 Abs Voy Ny WEES 656s edaccsecSooD pEHSENGOSHSN Sacese csacoe Sdsa deco cose msceebscas 247 Meniophyllumiacsseescces cs xeemeeme ree er ee eens = eerie eecee eels eieciseisiaa sss 45 SphenopterispillimoisensiseD aWeerereecteceme eee cecermer ier cele reece Fias. 1,2. Oligocarpia missouriensis D. W..-.-.-.----- pooooU DoaS50N DoODAGeHEdd caus | 3,4. Sphenopteris ophioglossoides Lx. sp....-...----------------- eens eee eee Fic. 5. Sphenopteris subcrenulata Lx. sp....-....--..-----. +--+ -2- eee eee eee e ee eee ee j Fics. 1?,2-4. Oligocarpia missouriensis D. W..........--.-..-.--------------------- WEL IEE, JUHe OS \ieASTON 7b! IDE Wes coscoceo doooce paoces ede0 cooacoUs SSobcuCdeSee VIII Puate XXIII. XXIV. XXY. XXXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXY. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLII. XLIV. XLyY. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. ILLUSTRATIONS. Thess 1S) GOT, Walston 1D WWicc ceocan Shosce noones seeded gosecdeduccKosa6 ] Fic. 6. penis Gem, (CUA th ie coo Seacesbon cceeeo nooner nbesEb ocscdy tenons J Fires. 1,2. Pecopteris dentata Eronen Rede Ba odas bhodoh OnsEHaESEasosdocco cosD C008 FIG. 3a. iercotene Grarey (EMM Sbiesscse cAase5 sscsesecese tdeceeacsacs sone | 3b. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood. ....-----.-.---...----.----------- Bes Sphenophylmmy Wiese wr amr eV ee = ale a am lolol tal alm lel | Pecoptenis) Cemtaiia LOMO = mere pe aye ge eee eet aie ae alla aerate Iiehal, Dereon gS CRE) We NeuropterisMissouriensis ux sass eines ects ee ae eeseeereee ee eee epi dodendroniscutatumelxsseeee eee erates ee eee ees eee aeteee Appiienias Germari Zeill., with Cordaites communis Lx .-.-..-...---.-------.---- Fics. 1-5. Brittsia arapieraticns DS Wittens acces seeen aise Fig. fie She Sear 394 PLATE XLIX. L. LI. LIT. LITT. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX. LXI. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. LXVII. LXVIII. LXIX. ILLUSTRATIONS. Fig. 1. Cyclocladia Brittsii D. W Figs. 2-4. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn...-..-.---- -- Vias. 9. 1-4. Sphenophyllum fasciculatum Lx. sp 5, 6a. Sphenophyllum majus Bronn? i1G. 6). Sphenophyllum Leseurianum D. W Fig. a. Sphenophyllum majus Bronn? ...---------.-------------- b. Sphenophyllum Lescurianum 1D. W Fria. 1. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx ......-.---------------------- 3,4. Lepidodendron rimosum Stb. var. retocorticatum D. W Fig.5. Lepidodendron scutatum Lx. ...-.-.----- ---------------- Fras. 1-2. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx. .-.----.---.--------------------------+--- 2, Lepidodendron lanceolatum Lx.......------------------------+-------- f Fias. 1,2. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx....-.....--.-.------------- Fias. 1,2. Lepidodendron scutatum Lx- .----..----.---------------------------- Fras. 1-8. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W Fig. 1. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W Fic. 1. Lepidophloios (?) ef. Van Ingeni D. W 2. Lepidophyllum missouriense D. W Fic. la. Lepidostrobus Jenneyi D. W Figs. 1b, 2. Lepidophyllum Jenneyi D. W Fig. 3., Lepidocystis Jenneyi D. W..---------------------------- le. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn 1d. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn ley Pecopteris vestitaixeeeveae amie sine = aes isi) Fic. 1. Lepidostrobus missouriensis D. W ..--------------------- Fics. 2, 3. Lepidophyllum missouriense D. W Fiq. la. Lepidophyllum missouriense D. W Figs. 1), 2. Lepidoeystis missouriensis D. W Vig. le. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W Je. Cardiocarpon Branneri Fairch. and D. W 1f. Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W ly. Sigillaria camptotienia Wood? lias. b,c. Lepidocystis missouriensis D. W d,e. Triletes cf. Lepidostrobus missouriensis D. W Fia. f. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W Figs. 1, 2. Lepidostrobus princeps Lx........-.-..-----.-------- Fic. 3. Triletes cf. Lepidostrobus missouriensis D. W- . Teniophyllum latifolium D. W . Lepidophloios Van Ingeni D. W . Lepidophyllum Jenneyi D. W Fie. . Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W . Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm e. Sigillaria camptoteenia Wood ? Omphalophloios cyclostigma Lx. sp Figs. 1-5. Omphalophloios cyclostigma Lx. sp Figs. 1,2. Omphalophloios cyclostigma Lx. sp Figs. 1,2. Omphalophloios cyclostigma Lx. sp Sigillaria camptoteenia Wood aco eFtk aur 1d. Callipteridium inequale Lx ...-........------+--------- . FiG.a. Lepidophyllum missouriense D. W Go OeMUbh yrereebinin WEEE) OPC pe co ceca booebe Bonene Sones GecacoseesEeS lem lgepid ostrobusyprince spo xem mttaer alot a eee alee + Liepidostrobus)prince psi lx seems selene a epidocystisMmISSOUTLEMSISED Savion tr amet et ater tetea aoe eee foe ie 430 434 436 438 440 442 444. 446 448 xe PLaTE LXX. LXXI. LXXII. LXXIII. Fic. 1. Sigillaria camptotienia Wood Sigillaria sigillarioides Lx. sp 9 BIGSHo) 4-1 oleillaniagcamp to teen aw 00 Clee: arse aja) ieee tt aire ee eee eee I'rG.5. Stigmarioid impression Fic.1. Taeniophyllum latifolium D.W Figs. 1,2. Cordaianthus ovatus Lx Pig. 3 4 Fig.1 2 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Cardiocarpon Branneri Fairch.and D. W-.-.---- .--.----- -------------=-- Lepidodendron scutatum Lx - Dicranophyllum sp.?.----. -- Lepidocystis missouriensis D. W.---------.----------.----------------=- Sphenophyllum majus Bronn 456 Ee Ram Ol a ROACN SET Au: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Unirep States GroLocicaL SuRVEY, Washington, D. C., October 10, 1898. Str: Herewith I transmit a monograph of the fossil flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. As the first comprehensive presentation of the - flora of any zone of the Coal Measures in the trans-Mississippi region, it offers important data for the comparison and correlation of these beds with the Eastern coal fields, and it also furnishes criteria that will be of value in the comparison of other neighboring Coal Measures areas and in the estab- lishment of the floral sequences through the various zones of the Upper Carboniferous in the Western Interior Basin. Very respectfully, Davip WHITE, Assistant Geologist. Hons Ch DA Warcorm Director United States Geological Survey. xI FOSSIL FLORA OF THE LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL By Davin WHITE. INTRODUCTION. 1 Since the publication of the Coal Flora! the material collected in Henry County, Missouri, and transmitted to Prof J. EH. Britts, has been so extensively increased through the continued and essor Lesquereux by Dr. most fruitful efforts of the latter gentleman and of the geologists of the United States Geological Survey and of the Geological Survey of Missouri, that it appears highly desirable that the fossils new to science should be published, and that a comparative analysis should be made of the floras with a view to ascertaining both the age of these coals and their relative positions with reference to the typical sections of the Eastern coal fields. It is thought also that such a correlation will have an important bearing on questions concerning the deposition and stratigraphy of the basal portion of the Lower Coal Measures, a subject which has received some attention in the recent publications of the State. Although by far the greater part of the materials here considered come from a restricted area, Henry County, the collections are so extensive and their accumulation covers so long a period of coal exploitation that they may be safely regarded as a relatively comprehensive representation of the plant life of the zone in the entire basin. 1 Second Geological Survey, Pennsylvania. Reportof Progress P. Description of the Coal Flora of the Carboniferous Formations in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States. Vols. i-iii, with atlas. Harrisburg, 1880-1884. MON XXxviI——1 1 2 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASUR#HS OF MISSOURI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Acknowledgments are due, first of all, to Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, for the use of types and other specimens identified by Professor Lesque. reux; also to the Director of the United States National Museum for facil- ities for the study of the Missouri plants, including a number of types formerly in Professor Lesquereux’s private collection, but afterwards secured by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, and now become, by the gift of the entire collection of the latter, the property of the National Museum. COLLECTIONS AND LOCALITIES. The Paleozoic plant material described from Missouri has generally been recorded with no other localizations than “Clinton” or “Henry County, Missouri”; and while it is of great paleontologic importance, it will © in this report be treated geographically as one lot, since, unless otherwise stated, it all came from one horizon in a single district. Out of several boxes of specimens from stated localities in this county forwarded to the United States National Museum in January, 1891, by Dr. Britts, a number of specimens were found which, owing perhaps to fracture, abrasion, etc., have no exact localization, though coming from the same localities as some of the others. These have the “lot catalogue” number 342, U.S.G.S. Pitcher’s coal mine, 34 miles southeast of Clinton. Collections were made at this mine by Mr. Gilbert Van Ingen, assistant in the United States Geological Survey, and forwarded September, 1890. Mr. Van Ingen’s collection, which includes many fine ferns and slabs of Lepidodendron, constitutes lot 407 from United States Geological Survey station 1263 D. Plants from the same locality were sent to the National Museum by Dr. Britts in January, 1891, and became lot No. 340. Owens’s coal mine, 2 miles southeast of Clinton. Many specimens from Owens’s coal mine were sent to the National Museum by Dr. Britts in January and in April, 1891. These will be referred to as lot No. 339. Another large consignment, obtained in the process of “stripping” near this coal mine, was forwarded by Dr. W. P. Jenney, of the United States Geological Survey, in October, 1891, while investigating the zine deposits of southwestern Missouri. These specimens form lot No. 411. COLLECTIONS AND LOCALITIES. 3 Hobbs’s coal mine, iw SE. 4 sec. 13, T. 40, R. 26, 8 miles south and 2 miles east of Clinton. A considerable number of specimens sent by Dr. Britts from this locality in January and April, 1891, comprise lot No. 341. Deepwater. A large quantity of specimens “designated by this name came from a mine 8 miles southeast of Clinton. It is very close to the locality quoted as the Hobbs mine. These plants, forwarded to the United States Geological Survey by Dr. Jenney in June, 1891, form lot No. 408. Another consignment, sent by Dr. Jenney and Dr. Britts in October, 1891, bears the lot number 413. Gilkerson’s Ford, Grand River, 5 miles south of Clinton. Very finely preserved plants in calcareous iron concretions were forwarded to the United States Geological Survey by Dr. Jenney in October, 1891 (ot No. 412), and by Dr. Britts in September, 1892. A small collection from shales in this vicinity was also sent by Dr. Britts. The latter specimens, which were found at a lower horizon than the ironstone concretions, were engraved with “*G. F.” by the collector and donor. They contain a number of the best-preserved and most interesting plant remains. Near Jordan’s old coal mine, 5 miles south of Clinton, from black shales overlying the coal in the North and Wood shaft. These specimens, consist- ing of Sigillaria, mostly decorticated, and occurring immediately below the other plant shales, were forwarded by Dr. Britts in April, 1891. They con- stitute lot No. 404. Those specimens which I have seen represented only in the Lacoe collection are referred to by the numbers in the special catalogue of that collection. A number of plants which were sent by Dr. Britts in small special packages were not given lot numbers, and will be localized in full when discussed. Vernon County. ‘The specimens of Conostichus described in the Coal Flora have no other locality reference than Vernon County, Missouri. From the statements of the geologists of the State it seems probable, however, that the types now in the Lacoe collection, United States National Museum, came from Big Drywood Creek, 5 miles south of Deerfield? ‘See Broadhead, Am. Geologist, vol. xii, 1893, p. 88. 4 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PLANT-BEARING TERRANES. All the plants treated in the following pages were derived from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri as defined by the earlier State surveys. More recently the terms Des Moines series’ and Lower Coal Measures have been applied to the combined Lower and Middle Coal Measures of the earlier nomenclature. The present collections are mostly restricted to the lower division or to the Cherokee as defined by Haworth and Kirk,’ and used by the Missouri geologists. I employ the term Lower Coal Measures in its original American sense, as it has long been im general use im the northern bituminous basins. It is, under the circumstances, all the more appropriate since the flora in hand is in fact representative of that division of the Carboniferous resting on the Pottsville series in the northern and northeastern coal fields. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the title refers only to the American application of the term, as commonly used in the reports of the earlier geologists of the Northern States. It must be remembered that in Missouri, as in Iowa, the Coal Measures (Mesocarboniferous) rest on the eroded surface of the Lower Carboniter- ous (Eocarboniferous). Along a portion of the margin of the field the floor of the Mesocarboniferous consists, as is largely the case in the latter State,’ of the deeply cvit surface of the St. Louis limestone or other divisions of the Mississippian. In other portions the Coal Measures rest unconformably on other divisions of the Eocarboniferous, on the Devonian, the Upper Silurian, or the Lower Silurian. The probable epeirogenic movements and the consequent changes of both the level and the attitude of the continent in the region bordering the great coal field have been fully discussed by Winslow* and by Keyes, the latter of whom has also given a profile diagram of the oscillations of the shore line in the Missouri-lowa region during Kocarboniferous and Meso- earboniferous time.° The deposition of the lower portion of the Mesocar- Keyes, Am. Geologist, vol. xviii, 1896, p.23; Rept. Geol. Surv. Iowa, vol. i, 1893, p. 85; Monthly Review, Iowa Weather Service, vol. iv, 1893, p.3. 2 Kans. Univ. Quarterly, vol. ii, 1894, p. 105. Univ. Geol. Surv. Kans., vol. i, 1896, p. 150 3 Am. Geologist, vol. xii, 1893, p.99. Hall, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxvii, 1857, p. 197. ‘The Missouri Coal Measures and the conditions of their deposition: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iii, 1892, pp. 109-121. See also Am. Geologist, vol. xv, pp. 87-89, and Prelim. Rept. on Coal: Geol. Surv. Mo., 1891, p. 19. 5 Am. Geologist, vol. xti, 1893, p. 100. STRATIGRAPHY OF PLANT-BEARING TERRANES. 5 boniferous occurred during a period of terrestrial subsidence and advance of the shore line; the result of which is the theoretically complete conceal- ment of the earliest beds of the Coal Measures beneath the landward over- laps of the succeeding sediments. The maximum thickness of the lower concealed beds is difficult to estimate, since in the borings farther out toward the interior of the basin the upper beds are probably thinner and the means for the identification of the individual terranes of the section are more or less unsatisfactory. In one instance Dr. Keyes’ observed a body of shales not less than 75 feet in thickness occupying a concealed ravine in the Mississippian series. ‘The nature and extent of the subjacent terranes lying farther out in the basin can be calculated only from the borings or from the analogies furnished by the series in other sections in which the horizons of the lower coals may be approximately ascertained by the study of the paleontologic evidence. In the region of Henry County, from which most of the material under examination was obtained, the loose surface detritus of the eroded Mississippian is generally covered by an extremely variable sandstone, described in various reports as the “ Ferruginous sandstone,” ‘Spring River sandstone,” ete., and generally correlated by the Missouri geologists with the “Millstone grit,” though its representative in Illinois was regarded by the geologists of that State as a part of the Eocarboniferous. This sandstone, the age of which, so far as I can learn, has not yet been deter- mined from any paleontologic evidence, is never of great thickness, and is described as here and there more or less eroded. It serves largely as a leveling medium, tending to fill the ravines and hollows of the Mississip- pian, with whose loose cherty subaerial detritus it appears to be somewhat blended. At some points it is reported as entirely wanting, having perhaps been eroded prior to the sedimentation of the coals and sandstones. Resting either immediately on the somewhat uneven surface of this ‘“Ferruginous sandstone,” or in places perhaps directly on the Mississippian detritus, lie the shales, sandstones, limestones, and coals of the Lower Coal Measures, which as originally defined were stated to have a thickness of about 250 feet,’ including the ‘ Ferruginous sandstone.” All the plant ‘ Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iii, pp. 283-310. Am. Geologist, vol. xii, p. 102. 2? Broadhead, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mo., 1872, pt. 2, p. 6. Winslow, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. iii, 1892, p. 115. 6 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. material from Henry County, Missouri, comes from shales less than 100 feet. above the ‘‘Ferruginous sandstone.” The local stratigraphie details of the phytiferous shales at most of the points from which plant collections were made have already been fully given in the State reports prepared by Broadhead and Winslow.’ The plants from Owens’s coal mine, Hobbs’s mine, Deepwater, Pitcher’s mine, and the shales near Gilkerson’s Ford of Grand River are said to have come from the roof of the same coal seam, most commonly known in that region as the “Jordan coal.”* The local section at Kinney’s mine, which is but a few hundred feet from Owens’s mine, is given by Winslow in his Preliminary Report on the Coal Deposits of Missouri.’ The same report also illustrates * the details of the coal in the vicinity of Deepwater, the section at the Blair Diamond No. 2 shaft being essentially the same as that at Hobbs’s mine. The strati- graphic conditions at the Stephens and Dunlap strippings, from which many of the plants marked ‘‘Hobbs” are said to have come, and which are also described in the report above referred to,’ are shown ina photograph, which, through the courtesy of Dr. Jenney, I here reproduce as Pl. 1. The section of the coal and roof shales at the Pitcher mine is given in Mr. Van Ingen’s notes as follows: Section at U. S. G. S. station No. 1263. 4-Sandstonessand intercalatedishalessecseemeenes ese cece erence easier 5 0 By flee shale jan ME S65 54 odocoo caoaod bAaaee sono aobboroboaSacHaSerb voaRes cose Saeeds ¢ 3 4 PAE Cyne B eee cesar Ce aC Sc CS SOFC EC ER acmoca DoH CSO Saeed mOESEa an bacon oscO MD SobEEAbe BoeSeS 2 6 1. Fire clay. The fire clay grades below into shale, this into shaly sandstone, and that into the ‘Spring River sandstone” of Dr. Jenney, or the ‘ Ferruginous sandstone.” Probably the section given as the Pitcher shaft in Dr. Wins- low’s report’ was made from a point near by. The Jordan coal is described in detail by Broadhead in his valuable report for 1872,’ which also illus- ‘Descriptive columnar sections of the Coal Measures of Missouri are given by Prof. G. C. Broadhead in Rept. Geol. Sury. Mo., 1872, Iron ores and coal fields, pt. 2, pp. 7, 82,88; also Ann, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mo., 1894, vol. viii (1895), pp. 360-369. 2 Rept. Geol. Sury. Mo., 1872, pt. 2, p. 16. 3 Page 139, text fig. 97. 4Page 141, text fig. 99. 5 Page 142. 5Page 140, text fig. 98. 7 Rept. Geol. Surv. Mo., 1872 (1873), pt. 2, p. 16. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PLANT BEDS. 7 trates the features of the section at Gilkerson’s Ford on the Grand River,' the source of the interesting large phytiferous ironstone coricretions col- lected by Dr. Jenney and Dr. Britts. A section of the higher terranes is given by Professor Broadhead, thus: Section at Gilkerson’s Ford, Grand River, Missouri. Feet. Inches. Buty SHAly Gan GstOnes oc a= nae Ree eee eT ee ore ce elas oa or ice etees en 5 0 2. Blue shales 0 BBE OL GRR SSS BeSeceSe cer ere Gentoo OSe HEA ece ih Ge Te BeOS Moe Ens Se ee airs ane eer aE 2 4. Shales and fire clay 6 Ds Coa uraicts otter a ieee tars cys See eae eee ries fT DERE DS nr Rene pe tS dete ti sane ted ld 6 Bs REM rae) yy ATO SERIE. 6 Seco oaSsed anes cote pea onacos cons sebeee dogusudetdonbu Udoane 3 0 7. Shales with lenticular phytiferous beds of iron carbonate...-.........-...---.---.---- 2 0 Sp Coaleiniriver, Teportbedeatync sic cee ses coe es acres ele ge aes many ee eRe Este A 3 0 The plant-bearing ironstones are said by Messrs. Britts and Jenney to lie in No. 2 of Broadhead’s section, i. e., above the third coal, instead of the shales (No. 7) over the first coal, the error of record having probably been caused by the position of the talus. The lower coal (No. 8 of the section), correlated with the Jordan coal, is the one from the roof of which the plants in argillaceous shales at Gilkerson’s Ford were collected. From the above details it will be seen that all the plants from Henry County, with the exception of those in clay ironstones from Gilkerson’s Ford, were obtained from roof shales, which are regarded by the geologists of the State as overlying the same seam of coal, viz, the Jordan coal. The horizon of the clay ironstones is only about 40 or 45 feet higher. In some of the broader or deeper marginal basins in the region of Henry County a lower thin coal lies from 12 to 15 feet below the Jordan coal. This coal is exceedingly variable both in quantity and in quality, being sometimes 4 feet thick and of good quality, or full of pyrites and shale, while at other times it is entirely wanting. From pyritiferous con- cretions in the black shale over this coal at Cheatham’s mine, near Clinton, Dr. Britts obtamed a number of invertebrate fossils, which have been determined by Prof. Charles Schuchert, Curator of “Paleontology in the United States National Museum, as follows: Entolium aviculatum (Swallow). Productus nebraskaensis Owen. Schizodus curtus M. & W.? - Spirtfer rockymontanus Marcou. Machrocheilus sp. Reticularia perpleca (McChesney). Lingula umbonata Cox. Dielasma bovidens (Morton). Productus longispinus Sowerby. ‘Op. cit., p. 17, text figs. 2, 3. 8 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Aviculopecten providens (Cox)? was also found in the plant shales over the Jordan coal. Spirorbis carbonaria is frequently present. Unfortunately the faunas of the trans-Mississippian Coal Measures have not yet been studied sufficiently to invest these species, most of which are supposed to have a wide vertical range in the Coal Measures, with any definite or avail- able correlative value. A number of insect fragments have been found among the plant mate- rial. Several of these specimens have been described by Professor Scudder! as Paromylacris clintoniana Scudder, Etoblattina clintoniana Seudder, and Anthracoblattina americana Scudder. Two or three other fragments have not yet been examined by a specialist in fossil insects. The proximity of the lower coals from which the plant fossils were obtained to the Ferruginous sandstone, or even to the eroded beds that comprise the Mississippian floor of the Coal Measures, has already been noted. The shore lines of the encroaching Carboniferous sea adapted themselves to the erosional topography of the Mississippian land. The thickness and regularity of the sediments in the bordering marshes or lagoons seem to have varied with the depth and extent of the marginal depressions, the lowest beds being most irregular The Jordan coal, like that beneath it, may be presumed to have been formed in these marginal swamps. It lies in basin-like areas of varying size, some containing but a few acres, others extending many miles. In general it is thickest and best in the interior of the basins, where it lies lowest, while it thins toward the rising margins of the embayments or swamps. Yet, while it thins beyond recognition, and can not be continuously traced in many cases from one embayment or estuary across to the next along the old shore line, it may in the region of Henry County be usually recognized by the constancy of its flora as well as the character of the coal. In PI. I, from a photograph of the stripping at Hobbs’s mine, near Deepwater, the coal is seen to rise and feather out on a rather steep slope of the Ferruginous sandstone. At other points, presumably farther out toward the main basin, a consid- erable body of shales and sandstones intervenes in the old embayments, although the interval has not yet been observed to reach 100 feet at any point in this part of the State, while landward the coal appears to have ‘Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 124, 1895, pp. 53, 66, 129. PALEONTOLOGIC METHODS EMPLOYED. 9 essentially fringed directly against the old continent. Even the Ferrugi- nous sandstone appears here and there to have been either overlapped by the coal or eroded prior to the deposition of the latter. Thus, as Dr. Britts informs me, in artesian well No. 2, at Clinton, this sandstone was met at a depth of 40 feet, and was found to be about 20 feet thick; but at well No. 1, about 1 mile distant, no sandstone was found, the cherty Mississippian floor being reached at a depth of 50 feet. From the foregoing stratigraphic references it appears (1) that the plant collections from Henry County, which furnished by far the greater part of the material herein considered, come from two horizons about 45 feet apart; and (2) that these horizons may be separated from the old Mississippian land surface by an observed thickness of nearly 100 feet of Mesocarbon- iferous sediments in the direction of deeper water, or that they may, land- ward, rest practically in direct contact with the old shore line in that region, It is possible that in that portion of the State farther southwest, as in Barton County, in which the Lower Coal Measures sections can not defi- nitely be correlated as to principal details with those of Henry County or the counties farther north, beds of the Lower Coal Measures and Pottsville series extending for some distance below the horizon of the Jordan coal may come to light along the western flank of the Ozark uplift. It is certain that the Pottsville is developed and is coal-bearing near Fayetteville in Wash- ington County, Arkansas. But in the region of Henry County, at least, the richly phytiferous roof shales of the Jordan coal mark the time when the continental subsidence reached the vicinity of Clinton, and the abundant and varied flora is of a date which approximately marks in this region the close of the period intervening since the uplift of the Mississippian. PALEONTOLOGIC METHODS EMPLOYED. In the following notes and discussions it has seemed best to publish the results of a critical study and comparison, constituting essentially a revision of many of the species originally described from Missouri, as well as to give more detailed descriptions of or observations pertaining to other species. The descriptions of the species are based entirely on material from Mis- souri, and it is hoped that they are generally given in sufficient detail to enable geologists as well as paleontologists to recognize the various forms in the field. In some stances the scope of species has been narrowed and 10 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. the lines of specific differentiation have been drawn more closely than they have usually been drawn in American literature, for the reason that a greater systematic refinement, if the types are uniform and are satisfacto- rily differentiated by the descriptions and illustrations, will better serve the purposes of stratigraphic paleontology. A small number of species recorded by Professor Lesquereux as occur- ring in Henry County, Missouri, have not been found in the collections to which I have had access. These will be specially enumerated at the close of this report, although there is evidence that the record of several of them is based on geographic errors. Certain others will be met under different and sometimes unfamiliar names. A number of nomenclatural changes have been made in conformity with the rules generally observed by American zoologists or botanists. The systematic arrangement, like that employed in previous publica- tions, is in part temporary. Many questions of the classification of com- mon Paleozoic species are still under debate, pending the acquisition of further knowledge of the internal ‘structure, fructification, or geologic history of the various types. In the synonymy the references are chiefly confined to illustrated material. Effort has also been made to point out other plants in America or Europe that are closely related to our species, and to indicate the most important specific differences between them. DHS CRAMON=s Oh TEN SW © WHS: CRY PTOGAMS. ALGAE. Cf ACHTABULARI AS (P) CONOSTICHUS Lesquereux, 1876. Seventh Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1875, p. 142. Stipe cylindrical, continuous; frond enlarging from the base upward in the shape of a plate or of a cup, or increasing by successive superimposed layers or concentric laminze; top cup-shaped, concave. The above diagnosis, given by Professor Lesquereux in the Coal Flora,' while differing greatly from the original, published m 1876, is sub- stantially the same as that contained in the last memoir® in which this group of organisms was treated by that distinguished author. So far as I know, no other writer has discussed the nature or affinities of the fossils in the: genus. When the genus was first established no further suggestion was offered as to its systematic relation than its inclusion in the title “Fossil marine plants.” In the Coal Flora, however, Lesquereux remarks that “these organized bodies, whose reference to plants is questionable, have in their mode of growth a relation to some marine Algz of our time, the Acetabularie, which bear, on a continuous stipe, successive umbrella-shaped fronds, the lower rendered solid by incrustation of calcareous matter.” The fossils, whose substance appears to have been equally dense throughout, are further compared with Zonaria. Comparison is made with certain sponges, such as Capellia rugosa Goldf., Camerospongia fungiformis Goldt., and 1Vol. i., 1880, p. 14. 2Principles of Paleozoic Botany: Thirteenth Rept. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1883, pt. 2, p. 34. 1k 1 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Celoptychium agaricoides Goldf., but the smooth surface and continuous axis in Conostichus are regarded by him as prohibiting amy such association. In the last publication to which reference is made above, Lesquereux appears to have dismissed all doubt as to their vegetable nature, and we find that the plants of this group are ‘‘distantly” related to the living Acetabularie. The scanty material under my observation enables me to throw no light on this interesting problem. It may be remarked, however, that the super- ficial aspect of the fossils is somewhat suggestive of sponges. The types of the two following species were obtained from Vernon County, Missouri. CONOSTICHUS BROADHEADI Lx. Pl. I, Figs. 1-5. 1879. Conostichus Broadheadi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pl. B, figs. 1, 2; text, vol. i (1880), p. 15. Stipe short, cylindrical, transversely ribbed; frond semiglobular, cup- shaped, concave inside, distinctly tricostate, and deeply wrinkled lengthwise on the outside; substance thick. The figures 1 and 2 in pl. B of the Coal Flora, from which the above description is taken, represent views of the same specimen, which is now No. 250 of the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum. So carefully are the illustrations made that there is little to be brought out by the photographic process. The strongly marked triradiate structure with the three main equidistant ridges extending from the mammillate base to the periphery of the cup is a somewhat conspicuous feature, as has been stated by Professor Lesquereux. But in other specimens the ribs are nearly equally prominent on all sides, and are provided with or interlarded with undulate rugose branchlets, suggesting delicate and graceful sculpture on the outer surface of the cup. One of these examples, from Arkansas, is shown in PI. II, Fig. 4. 3 The type of fossil known as Conostichus Broadheadi appears to have been quite widely distributed in the Carboniferous, where its general occur- rence in the Lower Coal Measures seems to bespeak for it a stratigraphic value, though its more exact range is not known to me. Locality —Near the base of the Coal Measures, about halfway between Nevada and Fort Scott, Vernon County, Missouri. Nos. 250, 251, Lacoe ALGA AND FUNGI. 13 collection U.S. Nat. Mus. Also sent by Dr. Britts from Vernon County, Missouri; U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6035. CONOSTICHUS PROLIFER Lx. DEAL TOES Wyss (a, 1879. Conostichus prolifer Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 1, pl. B, fig. 3; text, vol. i (1880), p. 16. The specimen photographed in PI. II, Fig. 6, is the only example of this curious form that has been found in the recent collections from Mis- souri or in the other collections in the United States National Museum. The type specimen is said to have come from this State. Although the figure is somewhat suggestive of a concretionary formation, the specimen may well be of the same nature as Conostichus Broadheadi, and, judging from the external features, its structure is comparable to what would result were several specimens of the latter species joined closely in longitudinal succession. Locality—About halfway between Nevada and Fort Scott, Vernon County, Missouri. Shale near base of the Coal Measures. (Lesq.) FUNGI. PYRENOMYCETE A. HYSTERITES Unger, 1841. Chloris Protogvea, vol. i, p. 1. To this genus, established by Unger to contain those fossil fungi apparently most closely related to the living Hysteria, have been referred a considerable number of species by various authors." Most of these species are of Tertiary age, but several are from the Cretaceous, while one has been reported by Nathorst from the Rheetic. It is interesting to learn that the Rheetic fungus, like the most ancient species with which we have to do, appears to have been parasitic on the leaves of Gymuosperms, Hysterites Friesii Nath.’ having been found on the foliage of Podozamites distans (Presl) Fr. Br. 1 Sixteen species are enumerated by Meschinelli, Sylloge Fungorum Fossilium, Patavii, 1892. ? Nathorst, Bidrag till Sveriges Fossila Flora, Stockholm, 1876, p. 11, pl. i, figs. 1, 2. 14 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. HYSTERITES CORDAITIS Gr, ’Hy. TL IOUT. < 1877. Hysterites Cordaitis Grand ’Kury, FI. foss. carb. Loire, p. 10, pl. i, fig. 7. 1892. Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. ’Ky., Meschinelli, Sylloge Fung. Foss. (ex Saccardo: Sylloges Fung., vol. x), p. 37. 1893. Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. ’Ky., Potonié, Fl. Roth. Thiiringen, p. 25, pl. i, fig. 5. 1898. Hysterites Cordaitis Gr.’Ky., Meschinelli, Fung. Foss. Iconogr., p. 47, pl. xv, figs. 7, 9 (non fig. 10). Conceptacles numerous, somewhat massed or scattered upon the leaves of Cordaites, on which their existence seems to depend; quite constant in form; usually elongated in the same direction as the leaf, and opening on one face of the latter by a longitudinal vent of dehiscence, which makes them resemble the Hysteria. The above diagnosis, quoted from Grand ’Eury’s descriptive remarks, gives a general idea of the superficial aspect of this fungus, the anatomical features of which are still unknown. As is shown in PI. III, Fig. Za, the perithecia in all our specimens are of the more or less elongated form characteristic of the species, which, as Grand ’Eury remarks, appears to be peculiar to Cordaites. The Missouri examples of the species, seen on the leaves of Cordaites communis Lx., seem to agree well with the description and figures of the original specimens from the basin of the Loire in France. In many cases only the pit remains in the leaf substance, while in others the perithecia are not yet opened. I have seen similar remains on leaves of Cordaites from the anthracite regions of Pennsylvania. None of the remains which I refer to this species are of the form seen in the perithecia shown by Germar in his figure of Neuwropteris subcrenulata The discussion by Grand ’Eury of this figure seems to have led Professor Meschinelli to the erroneous reference to the latter species as the host of Hysterites Cordaitis. It is possible that the round, oval, or oblong pits occurring between the nerves in some species of Neuropteris, and described by several authors as fern fructifications, may really represent a type of fungus inhabiting the pinnules of Newropteris, and perhaps related to Hysterites. The question of the relationship of some of these to the living Phyllachora, pertinently suggested by the late Director Stur, is worthy of consideration. Locality——Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5418. FUNGI—EXCIPULITES. 15 SPHAROPSIDE. EXCIPULITES Goeppert, 1836. Systema Filicum Foss., p. 262. EXCIPULITES CALLIPTERIDIS (Schimp.) Kidst. Pl. IX, Figs. 4, 4a. 1869. Excipula Callipteridis Schimper, Traité, Atlas, p. 14, pl. xxii, figs. 6, 7; text, vol. 1, p. 142. 1869. Excipula Callipteridis Weiss, FI. jiingst. Steink. Rothl. Saar-Rh. Geb., p. 19. 1879. Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. xxxviii, fig. 2 (on Pseudopecop- teris anceps). 1887. Excipulites Oallipteridis (Schimp.) Kidston, Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 339. 1892. Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst., Meschinelli, Syll. Fung. Foss., p. 52. 1898. Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst., Meschinelli, Fung. Foss. Iconogr., p. 75, pl. xxi, figs. 10, 10a. The punctations or dots described and figured by Lesquereux" as occurring on the pinnules of Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx. have been corre- lated by Kidston and Meschinelli with the Hxcipula Callipteridis found by Schimper on the pinnules of Callipteris conferta. 'Thesc minute fossils are obscurely noticeable in portions of a specimen of Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.), Pl. IX, Fig. 4 (Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx.), from Missouri, though they are not so clearly presented as is often the case in the material from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, where they appear as clearly interneural minute pustules situated within the lamina, and giving to the unaided eye the impression of very small dots scattered over the pinnule. As Kidston remarks,’ it is a matter of interest that this species should be found in both Europe and America on the same host, Sphenopteris neu- ropteroides Boulay, on which Excipulites Callipteridis has been found by Kidston and Zeiller,? being recognized by those authors as identical with Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx. Locality—On a specimen of Pseudopecopteris squamosa from Pitcher’s coal bank, sent for examination by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri. 1 Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 207, pl. xxxviii, fig. 2. 2 Foss. Fl. Radstock Series, p. 339. 3 Bull. Soc. géol. France, (3) vol. xii, p. 192. 16 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. PTERIDOPHYTA. FILICALES. ADI RES UN) CKO 274 Di gd) Bed CD) Dy Dy EREMOPTERIS Schimper, 1869. Traité pal. vég., Vol. I, p. 416. In the American Paleozoic flora the genus Hyremopteris was given a broad interpretation by Professor Lesquereux, so as to include a number of species referred by other authors to Sphenopteris, Asplenites, and Rhacopteris. It appears in a variety of forms at the base of the Mesocarboniterous, or Carboniferous proper, and it seems in its broader application to be directly allied to the Triphyllopterid group, which is characteristic of the base of the Eocarboniferous, and from which it seems to constitute a transition to the Pseudopecopterid group, such as Ps. obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lx., through Evremopteris Cheathami Lx. and other forms found in the Pottsville series. The division of the genus with more delicately dissected pimnz appears to lead through the H. missouriensis type to the Diplothmema furcatum (Brongn.) Stur type. It is possible that the Missouri plants should be placed in the latter genus as restricted by Zeiller, with which they probably agree as to the bifurcation of the frond. But the same character is, I believe, present in the Triphyllopterid group; and the flabellate, bifid, or trifoliate aspect of our forms leads me to adopt the reference made by Lesquereux in placing them in the genus that is closer to Triphyllopteris Schimp. EREMOPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS Lx. Pl. V, Figs. 1-3; Pl. VI. 1879. Eremopteris missouriensis Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 9, pl. lili, figs. 8, 8a; text, vol. i (1880), p. 295. 1880. Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) splendens Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 282 (pars; non pl. lvi, figs. 4, 5). 1884. Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) spinosa Goepp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880 (pars). Record in list. 1884. An Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) furcata Browede Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 850 (pars)? Record in list. Fronds lax, intricate, flexuous, once or twice dichotomous, tri- or quadripinnate; rachis of the supers orders flexuous, sometimes subge- 1 Coal Flora, vol. i, 1880, p. 292 et seq. FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDE.A—EREMOPTERIS. 17 niculate, slender, flat or canaliculate above, round-terete beneath, lineate, bordered on either side by a rugose-lineate lamina nearly equaling the axis in width; primary pinne not very large, palmate above the very open- angled dichotomies; secondary pinnze ovate, deltoid, or triangular, rather dense, often slightly geniculate toward the base to suit the origin of the tertiary pinne; tertiary pinne alternate, open, the lower at a right angle to the axis or slightly reflexed, the basal ones shorter, close, often slightly overlapping, often flexuous, linear-triangular, acute; pinnules or inferior divisions open near the base, oblique farther up, sometimes a little distant, but generally close or partly overlapping, alternate, variable in size, more or less broadly ovate or triangular, the basal ones palmate, more or less deeply cut in subdivisions or lobes, decurrently alate; lobes or ultimate divisions linear, obcuneate or somewhat narrowly obovate, decurrent, obtusely pointed, obtuse, often truncate-emarginate or shallowly bifid at the apex; nervation thin, often obscured; primary nerve decurrent, fork- ing near the base to supply each division, or again at the base of each lobe, a single nervil entering into and passing to the apex of each lobe or tooth; lamina moderately thick, rugose, with fine, short bristles or very narrow scales appressed parallel to the nervation. This species, represented by a large suite of specimens, shows consid- erable variation in the outlines of the ultimate pinne: or pinnules, according to their position in the frond and the degree of their development. Some- times the lower basal pinnules in the lower part of the frond present a form resembling Sphenopteris spinosa, while those near the end of the upper pinne approach Sphenopteris furcata ; and, in fact, an examination of the specimen on which the record of the occurrence of the latter species in this region appears to be based, shows clearly that it is a part of the marginal portion of a frond of Hremopteris missouriensis. 1 have seen precisely the same form on a rock in direct union with the normal form of the Missouri species. Moreover, I am unable to find any distinctive characters by which specimens from this region labeled Sphenopteris spinosa Goepp. and Sphe- nopteris splendens by Lesquereux can be even varietally separated from the fine series of examples of Mremopteris missouriensis. The original description and illustration of Hremopteris missouriensis, ! Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880. MON XXXVII 2 18 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. prepared by Professor Lesquereux from a small, badly broken specimen, loaned to me through the courtesy of Dr. Britts, is necessarily insuf- ficient; a careful inspection with a weak glass shows the outline, nervation, and striated surtace to be the same as those seen more clearly on the better- preserved specimens, some of which came from the same bed as the original. My comparisons have been further aided by reference to a num- ber of other examples identified by Professor Lesquereux since the publi- cation of the species, and loaned by Dr. Britts, as well as by reference to the Lacoe collection. The frond of Eremopteris missouriensis is tripinnate, if not quadripinnate, appearing bifurcated at the base, the pinnee long, flexuous, often slightly geniculate, and tapering to an acute point. The lobes of the pinnules, as seen in Pl. V, Figs. 2, 3, are always blunt, usually rounded at the end, and in very many cases have a sinus in a truncate-obcordate apex. The ulti- mate pinne are more deeply divided and more symmetrical than repre- sented in pl. lili, figs. 8, 8a, of the Coal Flora, while the nervation, like that seen in many species of Diplothmema, consists of a single large flexuous nerye passing into the pinnule and forking to permit a single nervil to pass up into each lobe. The surface of the entire pinnule is striate with fine dark lines, appar- ently composed of rows of short, closely appressed hairs or narrow hair-like seales which are parallel to although entirely independent of the nervation, as is strongly shown in slightly macerated specimens, or especially clearly when the impression of the under surface of the limb is exposed. This striation has been mistaken for and inaccurately represented as nervation in the above-mentioned figure. Those specimens which I have seen from the same locality, labeled Sphenopteris furcata and Sphenopteris splendens by Professor Lesquereux, I have found to be indistinguishable by any character from Hremopteris missouriensis. It is quite possible that Hremopteris missouriensis should be placed in the genus Diplothmema, between which genus and Eremopteris it seems to be intermediate. It would not be at all surprising if the mode of division characteristic of Diplothmema were discovered in Hremopteris missouriensis. The resemblance of our species to Diplothmema palmatum (Schimp.) Stur' 1 Stur, Farne der Carbon-Flora, p. 310, pl. xxvii, fig. 3. FERNS—TRIPHY LLOPTERIDEA—EREMOPTERIS. 19 appears so great, at least superficially, as to cause one to question whether there is more than a varietal distinction between the two. Our species is quite distinct from the smoother, more lax Sphenopteris furcata, which has more acute, generally larger lobes, and which, with its very closely related species, Sphenopteris Roy: Lx., seems to be largely confined to the “Conglomerate series” or Pottsville series. Sphenopteris splendens Lx. and Sphenopteris spinosa Goepp. are very insufticiently repre- sented in the collections from other localities. Consequently no attempt will be made at this time to point out the differences between these species and Hremopteris missouriensis. Localities —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus. 5512, 5513, 5657, 5659, 5681, 5682; Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5509, 5670; Owens'’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5514; Deepwater, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5510, 5511; Henry County, Missouri, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5508, 5515. EREMOPTERIS BILOBATA 0. Sp. Pl; LV;) RID) Pigs. 4-6. Fronds apparently large, sinuous, quadripinnate; rachis broad, flexu- ous, canaliculate above, raised beneath, consisting of a compact pithy (7) portion, occupying one-third of the entire width, with broad, flattened vascular borders; primary pinnee alternate, open, spreading somewhat irregularly, tapering from near the base to the acute apex; secondary pimnze nearly at right angles below, becoming more oblique above, alternate, cor- responding to the bends in the rachis, slightly overlapping, ovate or oblong, acute, terminating in a spiny prolongation of the rachis; secondary rachis somewhat flexuous, sharply striate, bordered by a thick lamina from the decurring pinnules or ultimate pinnee; pinnules alternate, more or less open, close to one another, often slightly overlapping, decurrent, more or less con- stricted at the base, usually with very broad attachment, ovate-deltoid when compound, becoming triangular or oblong-triangular and acute in passing into pimne, truncate-lobate, or more or less deeply cut into broadly obcune- ate, truncate lobes, the latter usually once or twice somewhat bilobate or sub-bilobate, the lobes always broadly cuneate, truncate, emarginate, or sub- bilobate, often thickened at the top, spreading in the process of develop- 20 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. ment; lamina thick, with dull luster, covered, like the rachis, with clear, sharp, irregular, fine intermittent strize, parallel in general to the nervation, and apparently representing rows of closely appressed trichomes or scales; nervation Pseudopecopteroid, though usually totally obscured in the coria- ceous lamina, the nerves originating in a single decurrent bundle and forkine twice or more at a moderate angle, while arching to meet the borders nearly at a right angle. The material before me, while clearly representing a well-defined species, does not exhibit the pinnation sufficiently completely to give an entirely satisfactory diagnosis of the frond. The rachis, with broad, leath- ery border, a portion of which, seen from beneath, is shown in PI. IV, is strikingly similar to that seen in a remarkably fine slab of Mariopteris nervosa in the Lacoe collection, which affords very interesting evidence of a lax or possibly a prostrate habit of growth for those ferns. The most remarkable and constant character is the spreading, very broadly cuneate, truncate Jobe, dividing once or more according to an unequally bilobate system, as seen in Figs. 5, 6, Pl. V. This mode of lobation is very nearly like that of Hremopteris Cheat- hami Lx.,' or Sphenopteris solida Lx.,* while the elongation of the rachis into a blunt, spiny production in the process of pinnation is like that seen in the group represented by Mariopteris (or “‘ Pseudopecopteris”) muricata. The Sphenopteris solida of Lesquereux may at some future time be identified with our species; for the specimen published in the Coal Flora was shown so erroneously, without uncovering the lobes of the pinnules or depicting the rachjal characters, that I am not wholly certain that my separation of Evemopteris bilobata is really correct. The former should be re-illustrated. The species seems, notwithstanding its Pseudopecopteroid characters, to be properly included in the genus Hremopteris, although constituting one of the several intermediate forms that, in my opinion, show the relation of Pseudopecopteris to Triphyllopteris, through the Eremopteroid types. Locality —Specimens sent by Dr. Britts, in 1892, as a special consign- ment, from Owens’s coal bank; U.S. Nat. Mus., 5659, 5699, 5700, 5701, 6036. ! Coal Flora, vol. iti, p. 769, pl. ct, tig. 3. 2 Op. ecit., p. 770, pl. civ, figs. 2-4. It may, indeed, well be asked whether all these do not belong to the same genus. FERNS—RELATIONS OF PSEUDOPECOPTERIS AND MARIOPTERIS. 21 PSEUDOPECOPTERIS Lesquereux, 1880. Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 189. Before introducing in the same classification the terms Mariopteris and Pseudopecopteris, concerning the application of which there seems to be some confusion, I wish to explain briefly my interpretation of the scope and relation of the groups originally and properly included under each generic name. It will be remembered that the genus Pseudopecopteris, as first proposed by Lesquereux,’ was so defined essentially as to contain that portion of Stur’s genus Diplothmema* comprising the species with Pecopteroid and Neuropteroid pinnules. In another place* I have already referred to the relations of the genus Mariopteris Zeiller,* which was founded on a still more restricted portion of Stur’s genus. The original scope of the genus Pseudopecopteris, as seen by the diagnosis’ and figures, when compared with the scope of the genus Mariopteris® which antedates it, shows that the two genera are largely the same, the latter being entirely included in the former, though the essential characters are not similarly defined. It is not improbable that Professor Lesquereux, had he been aware of Professor Zeiller’s work, would have either adopted the latter’s classification or amended the genus Mariopteris, extending it to include the Neuropteroid group of 1Coal Flora, vol. i, 1880, p. 189. 2Culm-Flora, vol. ii, 1877, pp. 226, 233. 3 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 46. +Bull. Soc. géol. France, (3) vol. vii, 1878, p. 93. Fl. foss. terr. houill. Fr., 1878, pl. clxvii, fig.5; text (1879). p. 68. Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, text (1888), p. 159. 5 «Primary rachis forking near the base in diverging branches of equal size, or divaricate and dichotomous; branches polypinnate, ultimate divisions often forked; pinnules connate or separated to the base, of various shape, oblong-obtuse or ovate-lanceolate, oblique or in right angle, decurring to the rachis and bordering it by a narrow wing; lateral veins oblique, generally forking once, the lowest pair twice.” Coal Flora, vol. i, 1880, p. 189. 6“Fronde composée de pennes quadripartites, 4 sections bipinnées; le rachis primaire émit des rameaux alternes, nus, qui se bifurquent sous un angle plus ou moins ouvert en deux courtes branches symétriques, dont chacune se bifurque 4 son tour en deux pinnes bipinnées, la penne extérieure par rapport A la bifurcation principale étant plus petite que celle qui se trouve du cote intérieur. Pinnules plus ou moins rapprochées, tant6t soudées les unes aux autres, tantdt libres et contractées a la base, obliques et un peu décurrentes sur le rachis, entiéres ou divisées en lobes peu profonds. La pinnule inférieure de chaque penne secondaire est habituellement d’une forme un peu différente de celles qui suivent, lobée au pinnatifide. Nervure médiane nette, se prolongeant presque jusqu’au sommet des pinnules, décurrente 4 la base sur le rachis; nervures secondaires trés-obliques, généralement dicho- tomes, se divisant sous des angles aigus, naissant pour la plupart de la nervure médiane, mais quelques-unes, 4 la base, naissant directement du rachis. Fructification inconnue.” Vég. foss. terr. houill. Fr., p. 68, 1879. 22 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL. - Sphenopterids; or he might have restricted the genus Pseudopecopteris to the species which would remain in it at present after taking out those covered by the characters of Mariopteris. ‘Thus it appears that the chief difference— a rather important one—in the original scope of the two genera was the inclusion of the round pinnuled or Neuropteroid Sphenopterids in Lesque- reux’s genus. The inclusion in Pseudopecopteris of certain Pecopteroid species, on account of a supposed method of division in their fronds, is a subordinate feature and need not be considered at present. In my report on the plants from the Carboniferous outliers,’ I have referred Pseudopecopteris mazoniana Lx. to the genus Mariopteris on account of its apparent affinities with the mwricata group. Although after an examination of the figured specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois, I am inclined to believe that not all the examples identified by Lesquereux as Pseudopecopteris mazoniana belong in reality to the same species, it still seems to me probable that some of the types of that species, which was given first place in the genus Pseudopecopteris by its author, belong properly to the muricata group. This group, as Zeiller remarks, is very homogeneous, being composed of quadripartite fronds of the Diplothmeme with Pecopteroid pinnules, the well-developed lamina being entire or slightly lobed or denticulate. Naturally in a classification depending largely on the mode of the basal division of the fronds it is often impossible to determine definitely as to this character; and the grouping in such cases is dependent on the features and analogy of the other parts. Thus there seems little doubt of the unity of Ps. nervosa (Brongn.) Lx., Ps. muricata (Schloth.) Lx., Ps. latifolia (Lh. & H.) Lx., Odontopteris sphenopteroides Lx., and Ps. acuta (Brongn.) Lx. within the same group; and in most of these species the quadripartite character of the frond has been observed, showing their identity with the genus Mariopteris Zeill. I have seen the same mode of division in Ps. Newberryi Lx., and it seems probable that it will also be found to exist in Ps. cordato-ovata (Weiss) Lx. and Ps. Silliman (Brongn.) Lx., while several of the forms still included by Zeiller in the genus Diplothmema bear signs of a generic relation to Mariopteris muricata (Schloth.) Zeill. In my former remarks on the subject I was disposed to consider the greater portion of the species in Pseudopecopteris as having the essential 1 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 46. FERNS—RESTRICTION OF GENUS PSEUDOPECOPTERIS. 23 frond divisions of Mariopteris, thus leaving no good reason for the con- tinuance of the former genus. So far as I am aware, however, this mode of division has not yet been seen in the group represented by Psewdopecop- teris obtusiloba or Ps. anceps Lx. (Sphenopteris neuropteroides Boulay), which is still included by most European authors in the genus Sphenopteris, although it is generally recognized as distinct from the true Sphenopterids. This group is one of considerable solidarity, the line of demarcation between it and the other species of Sphenopteris being fully as distinct as that between many of the familiar genera resting on the superficial char- acters of the sterile fronds in the Carboniferous flora. For this reason, which was largely the cause of its inclusion by Lesquereux in the genus Pseudopecopteris, 1 would, after removing those species which conform to the older genus Mariopteris, propose to restrict the genus Pseudopecopteris to the very natural group of large-round-pinnuled species* typically repre- sented by the Sphenopteris obtusiloba of Brongniart. Although these generic divisions are artificial, and the species now associated in a genus may eventually be found to belong to entirely differ- ent orders, I believe that the interests of the study of the Carboniferous flora will be promoted by the maintenance of the genera Mariopteris and Pseudopecopteris, as above restricted, Diplothmema beimg reserved for the group of dissected forms, of which D. furcatum (Brongn.) Stur is a typical example. In this classification Mariopteris Zeill. includes the Pecopteroid or Alethopteroid forms, in which the primary pinne are divided by a double dichotomy into four divisions of equal rank, while Psewdopecopteris may comprise the round-lobed or round-pinnuled® species of the type of Sphe- nopteris obtusiloba Brongn. The fronds of this type, to which among others I would refer S. Schillingsii Andri, S. solida Lx., and 8. neuropteroides Boulay, are perhaps dichotomous in the lower part, though a quadripartite habit has not, I believe, been observed. 1The relations of several species, like Ps. Sheafert Lx., placed in the section “ Gleichenites” by Lesquereux, but the relation of which to the obtusiloba group seems very distant, if observable, can best be treated in a revision in detail of the material included in the genus Pseudopecopteris. 2 Section ‘‘ Neuropteroides” of Brongniart, in part. 24 1860. 1860. FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. PSEUDOPECOPTERIS OBTUSILOBA (Brongn.) Lx. Pl. VII, Figs. 1-3; Pl. VIL . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 201, pl. liii, fig. 2.* . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Sauvenr, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. xv, fig. 2. 53. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Newberry, Ann. Sci., Cleveland, vol. i, 9, p. 106. 55. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Ettingshausen, Steinkohlen-F 1. Radnitz, p. 37, pl. xxi, fig. 2. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Arkansas., vol. ii, p. 315. Sphenopteris obtustloba Brongn., H. C. Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., vol. xi, p. 440. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bbhm. Kohlen-Abl., vol. i, pl. i, fig. 9. }. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., Pal., Atlas, pl. li. figs. la, 1b; text (1880), p. 169. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., Atlas, pl. elxiii, ' figs. 1,2; text (1879), p. 39. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel: Handb. Pal., vol. ii, p. 108, fig. 77. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Weiss, Ausd. Fl. d. Steinkohl., pl. xi, figs. 67, 67a. 3. Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. iii, p. 190, pl. Xxxill, figs. 5, 6. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, figs. 1, pl. iii, 1a, 2, 2a; pl. iv, fig. 1; text (1888), p. 65. . Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn., Potonié, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 137, fig. 131. . Sphenopteris trregularis Sternberg, Versuch, vol. ii, fase. 5-6, p. 63, pl. xvii, fig. 4; fase. 7 u. 8, p. 132. 5, An Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 14, pl. xxiii, figs. 2-4 (exel. syn.) ? . Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., F. A. Roemer, Palseontographica, vol. ix, p. 24, pl. iv, fig. 5. . Sphenopterisirregularis Sternb., Andri, Vorweltl. Pfl. Steink., p. 26, pl. viii, pl. ix, fig. 1. . Sphenopteris irregularis Sternb., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 56, pl. xvi, fig. 2 (?); pl. xxxi, figs. 5, 6. . Cheilanthites obtusilobus (Brongn.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 246. . Cheilanthites irregularis (Sternb.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 247. . Sphenopteris latifolia Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. iii, pl. elxxviii. . Sphenopteris trifoliolata (Artis?) Brongn., Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. xix, fig. 25; pl. xxi. I 8-3 I . Sphenopteris trifoliolata (Artis?), von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 65, pl. xvi, fig. 3 (excel. syn.). . Sphenopteris (Aneimioides) obtusiloba Brougn., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 399, Ob sore ites Ie FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDEA—PSEUDOPECOPTERIS. 25 1869. Sphenopteris (Gymnogrammides) irregularis Sternb., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p- 373. 1877. Diplothmema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 124 (230). 1885. Diplothmema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., pp. 296, 354, pl. xxv, figs. 8a—c; pl. xxv), fig. 1. 1888. Diplothmema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 187, pl. i, figs. 7, 8. ; 1877. Diplothmema irregulare (Sternb.) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 124 (230). 1885. Diplothmema irregulare (Sternb.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Flora, p. 296. 1879, Pseudopecopteris irregularis (Sternb.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. lii, figs. 1-3 (8?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 211. 1884. Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 753. 1889. Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. li, p. 803, text fig. 1893. Sphenopteris (Pseudopecopteris) obtusiloba Brongn., D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 52. Fronds tripinnate or quadripinnate below; rachis strong, flat, naked, striated, slightly undulate below, becoming more flexuous toward the tip; primary pinne broad, lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid to near the extreme apex; secondary pinn at right angles below, becoming oblique above, alternate, distant, contiguous or slightly imbricated, linear-lanceolate, acute, straight or curved, those in the middle and lower portions of the primary pinne provided with pinn of the third order, those above bearing reduced ter- tiary pinnee or pinnatifid pinnules, those still nearer the top being provided with large, broad, rather triangular-ovate pinnules, divided into 3 to 5 more or less deeply separated, round-obtuse lobes; secondary and tertiary rachises narrow, more or less distinctly flexuous to correspond to the insertion of the pinne or pinnules, but'sometimes appearing nearly straight, suleate above, rounded on the lower side, finely and evenly striate, bordered by narrow lamine; tertiary pinnee distinct, alternate, usually close, sometimes distant, or even overlapping, the lower ones at a right angle to the secondary rachis, the upper somewhat oblique, 12-22 mm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, more or less acutely pointed, provided with 2 to 5 pairs of alternate, sessile, or broad- pedicellate, half-round, ovate, or reniform and dilated, usually more or less distinctly trilobate pinnules, generally close or slightly imbricated, those in the lower part of the frond more distant, slightly decurrent; surface of the pinnules coriaceous, curved backward somewhat near the border, and marked between and parallel to the nerves with close, minute strize; mar- gins apparently thickened and traversed on the upper side by a narrow 26 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. furrow or gutter; pinnules of the upper secondary pinne broad, more or less deeply dissected into 3, sometimes 4, broad, rounded or truncate- rounded, or obovate lobes, the lowest pair of the pimnules of the pinnze subpalmately divided into 4 to 6 lobes, one or more of the divisions sometimes elongated, those pinnules toward the top of the pinnee becoming less distinctly lobed and approaching the proportions of those borne on the tertiary pinne; primary nerves originating at a narrow angle and curving outward, dichotomizing, the secondary nerves forking and curving, indistinct, to the border; fructification unknown. The excellent suite of specimens from Missouri representing Sphenopteris obtusiloba Brongn. has already been described somewhat fully.! The lines of the differentiation of this species from Sphenopteris trifoliolata Artis are still uncertain, although it is quite well recognized that more than one species is included under the two names. The examination of the originals of the Pseudopecopteris irregularis (Sternb.) Lx. figured” from the same locality as some of the specimens before me, and a comparison of these with material from the same place, published later by Lesquereux® as Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.), show that, so far as the specimens from Missouri are concerned, the only difference between the few examples identified by that author is that of size. The more complete representation shows every gradation from the small fragments such as that figured as Ps. irregularis in the Coal Flora, or Fig. 1, Pl. VII, and the average proportions, there being no specific distinction between them. The specimens illustrated on Pl. VII, Figs. 2, 3, and Pl. VIL, show well the general aspect of fragments from the various parts of the primary pinne. Many of the trilobate pinnules of the form seen in the upper part of Pl. VII, Fig. 3, enlarged in Pl. IX, Fig. 5, somewhat resemble the Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx.* . The collection of specimens from other American localities identified as Psewlopecopteris obtusiloba seems to show several phases of this species, one or more of which may deserve at least varietal distinction, while it is possible that the true Sphenopteris trifoliolata of Artis is also present. ' Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 53. ? Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 212, pl. lii, figs. 1, 2. 8 Op. cit., vol. ili, p. 753, ‘ Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.) has priority over Ps. anceps, which is identified by Zeiller and Kidston as Sphenopteris neuropteroides (Boulay) Zeill. FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDEA—PSEUDOPECOPTERIS. i Localities—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5440, 5441, 5624, 5625, 5627, 5628, 5629, 5635, 5716, 5717, 5718; Henry County, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5438. Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5439. PSEUDOPECOPTERIS SQUAMOSA Lx. sp. Pl. IX, Fig. 4. 1854. Sphenopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Bost. Journ. N. H., vol. vi, No. 4, p. 420. 1858. Sphenopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 862, pl. x, fig. 3. 1876. Paonteres neuropteroides Boulay (non Kutorga), Terr. houill. n.d. Fr., p. 32, pl. ii, figs. 6, 6b. 1879. Pseudopecopteris anceps Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 7, pl. xxxviii, figs. 1-4; text, vol. i (1880), p. 207 (cum syn.). 1889, Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 796, text-figs. 1883. Sphenopteris nevropteroides (Boul.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, p. 186. 1886. Sphenopteris nevropteroides (Boul.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. ii, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a; text (1888), p. 349. 1887. Sphenopteris neuwropteroides ( Boul.) Zeill., Kidston, Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 349. 1897. Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lix.) D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 291. 1899. Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Lx.) D. White, 19th Aan. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 3, p. 474. “Frond compound, multifid, dichotomous or quadripinnate; primary rachis broad; pinnze of the third order, oblique, distant, rigid or flexuous; ultimate pinne short, inclined upward, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, pin- nately lobed; pinnules short, round, ovate or subquadrate, connate at the base, the lower generally free, the upper joined to the middle; upper pinnze simple, undulate by the gradual cohesion of the lobes; veins forking twice, curving to the borders, all derived from a thin midrib of the same size as the veins.” Although this species, familiar to paleontologists as Pseudopecopteris anceps, is not rare in the Coal Measures of Pennsylvania, where it is obtained from many localities, it is only recently that it has been collected west of the Mississippi River. Even now it is, so far as I know, represented only by the specimen illustrated, Pl. IX, Fig. 4, which was loaned to the United States Geological Survey by Dr. Britts. Owing, therefore, to the paucity of 28 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. material from Missouri, the above description is that given by Professor Lesquereux under Pseudopecopteris anceps in the Coal Flora. The Missouri plant appears to differ from the type only by a slightly closer arrangement of the nerves. The identity of Sphenopteris squamosa Lx. and Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx., signified by the inscription of the former as a synonym preceding the deserip- tion, is evident from a comparison of the figure of Sphenopteris squamosa given in the Geology of Pennsylvania* with the fine series, including the types from Cannelton, Pennsylvania., now resting in the Lacoe collection. The equivalence of Pseudopecopteris anceps Lx. with the Pecopteris neuropteroides of Boulay, first recognized by Zeiller, was soon afterwards corroborated by Kidston,” after a comparison of the European material with specimens from Pennsylvania. Those specimens which I have seen from the Radstock coal field or the Department of Pas-de-Calais, seem to represent a form with smaller pinnules than those in our common type, although there appears to be no important difference between them. It is probable that the few frag- ments in our collections may be below the average in respect to size of the pinnules. That Pseudopecopteris squamosa, as a whole, was very large is shown by many fine fragments of fronds found near Pittston, Pennsylvania, in one of which (No. 3431 of the Lacoe collection) we find a segment of a rachis 15 mm. wide, giving off two opposite branches, each nearly 10 mm. in width. I do not, however, remember noticing dichotomous fronds con- forming to the description, the general habit being a pinnate branching like that shown in pl. xxxviii of the Coal Flora. The punctation seen frequently on the surface of the pinnules of this species, as illustrated in fig. 2 of the Coal Flora, and which is obscurely observable with the aid of a lens in the Missouri specimen, has been iden- tified by Kidston’ and Meschinelli* with the Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst. These dots, which generally show as small pustules, are distinctly interneural, and are strongly suggestive of glands. They are possibly comparable to the cavities occupied by ovoid granules found by Renault? in Alethopteris aquilina. ' Vol. ii, 1858, p. 862, pl. x, fig. 3. 2 Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser.; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 349. 3 Loe. cit., p. 339. 4Syloge Fungorum Fossilium, 1892, p. 52. * Cours. bot. foss., vol. ili, 1883, pl. xxvii, fig. 10. FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDEAS—PSEUDOPECOPTERIS. 29 Pseudopecopteris squamosa may readily be distinguished from Pseudo- pecopteris obtusiloba by the more regular, compact, oblique pmnules, which are much less constricted at the base, the texture being thinner and not so leathery, and the rugosity, irregularly striate in the direction of the nerves, while the thin and rather close nerves of the former may be observed with- out the aid of a glass in most of the specimens. Locality—F rom Pitcher’s coal bank. Specimen in the cabinet of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. PSEUDOPECOPTERIS sp. Pl. VII, Figs. 4, 5. The peculiar specimens figured are the largest of the very few fragments of this plant I have seen among the hundreds of fossils from Owens’s bank, Henry County, Missouri. The larger fragment appears to represent the upper portion of a lateral secondary pinna. The rachis is strong, sulcate, and apparently obscurely alate. The lateral pinnz are alternate or subalternate, straight, rigid, with a rather strong percurrent, narrowly winged rachis, which is produced as a spine. The pinnules are close, generally slightly overlapping, 3 to 5-lobate below, passing into pinnee, ovate, round, reniform, or obovate above, attached by a very broad subpedicel to the decurrent lamina along the rachis. The limb, which is very. thick and coriaceous, is covered by rough striz or rows of scales or closely appressed hairs radiating in a system parallel to the nervation, which is too much obscured for definite discernment. The other fragment, while conforming with the characters of the specimen just described, is specially notable on account of the well-developed terminal spine. Although the fragments apparently belong to a hitherto undescribed species, I hesitate to so designate them on account of lack of sufficient material. The more distinctive characteristics of the plant are the very small size of the pinnules, the broad footstalks of the latter, the rounded or semitruncate lobes and pinnules, which are frequently reniform, and the thick, scaly surface. The fragment clearly belongs to the Psewlopecopteris obtusiloba group, and is perhaps nearer to Ps. trifoliolata or Ps. nummularia than to any other known species. The specimens in hand are much more » 30 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. delicate than those figured by Artis, Andrii,* or Stur’ and seem to differ from both’ by their broad pedicels and percurrent rachises. Locality—Owens’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5618, 5667. MARIOPTERIS Zeiller, 1878. 1877. Diplothmema Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 226 (pars). 1878. Mariopteris Zeiller, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., (3) vol. viii, p. 93. 1879. Pseudopecopteris Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6; text, vol. i (1880), p. 190 (pars). MARIOPTERIS ef. NERVOSA (Brongn.) Zeill. 1832 or 1833. Pecopteris nervosa Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 297, pl. xciv, pl. xev, figs. 1, 2. 6. Alethopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 312. 7. Diplothmema nervosum (Brongn.) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 230. 8. Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Fr., pl. elxvii, figs. 1-4; text (1879), p. 69. 1879. Pseudopecopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pi. ; xxxiy, figs. 1, 2 (non 3?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 197. The rather comprehensive species, Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill., seems to be represented by a single fragment from the vicinity of Clinton. This fragment has a close resemblance to specimens of M. nervosa figured by Sauveur,* Zeiller,* and Stur,° or the figures given by the last-named author® as Diplothmema muricatum (Schloth.) Stur. The specimen from Missouri differs from the common American form, which has very broad, triangular leaves, by the somewhat ovate shape of the latter, which are constricted at the base and turned slightly upward at the point. On account of the many transitional and polymorphous phases observed in and between M. nervosa and M. muricata, Professor Zeiller and several others of the most distinguished paleobotanists agree to include all these forms under the latter name. Our American material, however, appears to show a much greater diversity of forms than the European, the extremes being much farther apart, while the stratigraphic series covered by the group is well marked by the difference between the older and the younger ' Sphenopteris nummularia, Vorweltl. Pfl., p. 35, pl. xi. 2 Diplothmema trifoliolatum (Art.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., p. 349, pl. xix, figs. 1-4. 8 Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. xliv, fig. 1. + Vég. foss. terr. houill. Fr., pl. elxvii, fig. 2. 5 Farne d. Carbon-Fl., pl. xxiv, fig. 2. 5 Stur, op. cit., p. 393, pl. xxii, figs. 3-5. FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDEA—MARIOPTERIS. Sul forms; thus M. muricata is very highly differentiated im, and is confined almost exclusively to, the Pottsville series, while M. nervosa is character- istic of the Alleghany series, seldom being found within, and near the top, of the Pottsville series. The relations of the muricata and nervosa types have been more fully discussed by the writer in the report on the fossil plants from the McAlester, Indian Territory, coal field? The form in hand is not to be confused with the one that I have com- pared with M. muricata. The latter is most intimately related to a form from the upper part of the Pottsville series. Locality—Henry County, Missouri. Received from Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. Precise locality unknown. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5459 MaARIOPTERIS SPHENOPTEROIDES (Lx.) Zeill. TAL OS Iles, aly HE IG 23% 1879. Odontopteris sphenopteroides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 4, pl. xxi, figs. 3, 4; text, vol. i (1880), p. 139. 1881. Alethopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Goepp., Achepohl, Niederrh.-Westfal. Sveink., p. 42 (pl. xi, fig. 16?) 1883. Sphenopteris nobilis Achepohl, Niederrh.-Westfil. Steink., Ergiinzungsbl., iii, fig. 5. 1886. Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xix, figs. 3, 4; text (1888), p. 171. Fronds quadripinnate, dichotomous, spreading, with a somewhat flexu- ous rachis; secondary (?) pinne alternate, oblong-triangular, acute; tertiary (2) pinnee alternate, open, triangular-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point or spine; rachis flexuous to correspond to the pinnation, canaliculate above, terete beneath, finely obscurely striate, with a narrow border; ultimate pinnee open, nearly at right angles below, more oblique above, close, gen- erally slightly overlapping, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, usually terminating in a short spine; pinnules alternate, more or less open, generally touching when fully developed, or even overlapping a little, ovate-deltoid, somewhat constricted at the base, more or less deeply divided into lobes or teeth, decurrent to border the usually slightly flexuous rachis, the lower pair on each pinna polymorphous and compound, especially the proximal one, which, in the lower pinnze, is once or twice divided in the man- ner characteristic of the genus; lobes or teeth deltoid, obtuse, inclined 1Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. xix, pt. 3, p. 475. 32 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. upward, broader, more deeply dissected in the lower part of the pinnules and higher in the larger pinnules, varying much according to the develop- ment of the pinnule, becoming narrower, closer, and more spinous toward the tip, where they often resemble short claws, the terminal one being usually finally developed as a spinous process; limb not very thick, rather coriaceous, arched upward between the nerves, and very finely striate in the direction of the nervation, probably by rows of minute hair-like scales; nervation coarse, rather distant, slightly depressed above, clear and in relief beneath, originating at a single point on the rachis, curving rapidly outward, and forking, often three or four times, rather openly, before reaching the bor- ders, where they are slightly turned upward in entering the lobes or teeth. In the course of my examinations of the Paleozoic plant types in the Illinois State Museum of Natural History and of the Missouri specimens from the Lesquereux collection, now part of the Lacoe collection, I had opportunities to examine the type specimens from both the Missouri and the Illinois localities and to verify their specific identity, together with a fine series of examples from the Missouri locality. This comparison has convinced me that the apparently anomalous nervation of the pinnules im figs. 3 and 4 of Odontopteris sphenopteroides on pl. xxi of the Coal Flora, which are otherwise Sphenopteroid, is due entirely to imperfect drawing, the actual nervation being more truthfully represented in the detail, fig. 3a, of . the same plate, which is obviously not Odontopteroid. Additional material, labeled perhaps at the time of description or soon after the publication of the species, shows still more clearly the Mariopterid outlines and teeth, often developed into claws or blunt subspines, the terminal, especially in the larger pinnules and pinnze, passing into nearly naked prolongations of the main nerve or rachis. Thus, in pinnation, flexuosity, outlines, marginal wing, lamina, and nervation, the species is plainly Sphenopteroid, of the group included by Professor Lesquereux in Pseudopecopteris or by Zeiller in Mari- opteris. In the younger pinnules the apex is somewhat obtuse-truncate and eut into narrow and less blunt teeth. In the mode of development of its pinnules, nervation, and limb, Mariopteris sphenopteroides suggests a dentate modification of Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill., or M. latifolia (Brongn.) Zeill’ My own studies 1See Mariopteris muricata (Schloth.) Zeill., Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, pl. xx, figs. 2, 3, 4; M. acuta (Brongn.) Zeill., loc. ecit., pl. xviii, fig. 2. Also see Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., Diplothmema pilosum Stur, pl. xxxiv, fig. 2. FERNS—TRIPHYLLOPTERIDEA—MARIOPTERIS. aha of the stratigraphic changes of the floras in the Coal Measures system of the central portion of the Appalachian trough lead me to conclude that J. sphenopteroides is closer to M. nervosa than to any other species, both forms, between which there are intermediate stages, having been developed from a polymorphous earlier stock generally referred to Mariopteris muricata (restricted) or Pseudopecopteris muricata as determined by Lesquereux. The illustrations of M. sphenopteroides given by Zeiller in his beautiful work on the Fiora of the Valenciennes Basin’ appear to me as somewhat doubtfully referable to this species, being in some respects closer to the form commonly identified in the United States as Pseudopecopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Lx. From his figures and detailed drawings it would seem that the piunze are more obtusely pointed, instead of being spinous, the pinnules being emarginate or crenulate, not deeply dentate or dentate-spmous, and the nerves less distant, coarse, or irregular than in the American form. ‘The characteristic facies of the pinne of the latter, and even the nervation, which is relatively more distant and irregular than in M. nervosa, or stronger than in M. latifolia or M. acuta, are shown in the photographs, Pl. X, or the enlargement, Pl. IX, Fig. la. Mariopteris sphenopteroides has been found in the western coal region of Arkansas and in the Lower Productive Coal Measures (XIII) at Mazon Creek, Illinois, and near Coalburg, West Virginia; and it thus far seems to be characteristic of a limited zone near the base of the Lower Coal Meas- ures, or Alleghany series. Localities—Frequent at Owens’s coal bank, U. 5. Nat. Mus., 5532, 5707-5711; also at Gilkerson’s Ford, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5533; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5584 (?). MARIOPTERIS, Sp. Pl. IX, Fig. 3. A few small fragments found among the collections represent a phase of a new species generally limited to the upper part of the Pottsville series in the American Coal Measures. This form, being exceedingly rare in the Alleghany series of Missouri, is not present in sufficient material from this 1 Fl. foss. basin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, 1886, pl. xix, figs. 3,4; text (1888), p. 171. MON XXXVII——3 34 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. region for a good diagnosis. I have concluded, therefore, to give only a figure of a Henry County specimen (No. 4438) in the Lacoe collection, reserving its full description and illustration until the Pottsville flora is specially treated, when this form will be shown to belong to the group represented by Mariopteris muricata (Schloth.) Zeill., as commonly identified in this country. The plant in hand stands near the latter species. Locality—Vhe form is from Henry County, Missouri, No. 4438, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. The second specimen is from Owens’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5437. MARIOPTERIS (Sp. Nov. ?). ° TEA AUS Baie (B, The specimen illustrated in Pl. VII, Fig. 6, found among the later consignments sent by Dr. Britts, is the only representative in the collections of a form which I have not yet been able to definitely correlate with any described species. As will be observed in the photograph, the pinnatifid pinnules, nearly developed into pinnze, are close, triangular, and notice- ably decurrent. A remarkable feature is the very large proportion of the lower lobes as compared with the few small lobes succeeding them on the pinnule. In fact, the upper part of the pinnule seems undeveloped. The rachis is finely lneate and very narrowly margined. The nervation, shown in PL VII, Fig. 6a, is decurrent and fairly distinct. The lamina, slightly thickened, is dull, elevated in ridges between the nerves, and bordered by a very narrow gutter. The general form of the pinnules and the features of the lamina are suggestive of Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill., while the form of the lobes and the character of the nervation unite to remind one of the Mariopteris muricata group. Still, the generic reference of this specimen, which may represent either a new species or an Old World form not understood by me, is considered merely as tentative. . Locality —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5666. 1890. 1870. 1872. 1884, 1895. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE®—SPHENOPTERIS. 390 SPHENOPTERIDEA. SPHENOPTERIS Brongniart, 1822, . Filicites-sect. Sphenopteris Brongniart, Mém. mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, p. 233. . Sphenopteris Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xv. 28, Sphenopteris Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 28. SPHENOPTERIS MIXTA Schimp. Pl. XI, Fig. 3; Pl. XII, Figs. 1, 2; Pl. XII, Figs. 4, 5. . Sphenopteris rigida Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. ii, pp. 435, 469, pl. xxxix, figs. 5, 6 (excl. syn.). . Sphenopteris rigida Miller, N. Amer. Geol. Pal., p. 143. . Sphenopteris (Cheilanthides) mixta Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 352. . Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 409, pl. xxv, figs. 7, 8. . Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 9, pl. liv, figs. 2 (1, 32); text, 1 (1880), p. 276. . Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pl. xv, figs. 1 (2,37). . Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xii, fig. 3; text (1888), p. 995. . Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soe. Edinb., vol. xxxv, 1, p. 405. Sphenopteris mixta Schimp., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii., p. 957 (text fig. ?). Sphenopteris sinuosa Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 409. An Sphenopteris (Aneimioides) pulchra Marrat, Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., Feb- ruary, 1872, p. 101, pl. viii, figs. la b? Pseudopecopteris nummularia (Gutb.) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 751, pl. ciii, tigs. 1-3; 2d type in part (excel. syn.). Ovopteris miata (Schimp.) Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 44. .Fronds tri- or polypinnate, spreading, extremely intricate and delicate; rachis narrow, usually rounded below, shallowly sulcate above, finely striate, punctate by the attachment of rather distant spines or spiny scales, flexuous, sometimes slightly geniculate, and bordered in the smaller divisions by a very narrow decurrent lamina; primary (?) pinne oval (”), obtuse, lax, flex- uous; secondary (?) pinnee alternate, very long, linear-lanceolate, very slen- der, flexuous or slightly subgeniculate, open, generally at a right angle to the primary (?) rachis, close or more often somewhat overlapping, hardly contracted at the base, tapering from above the middle to a very slender, 36 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL. generally flexuous point; ultimate pinnee alternate, very open, triangular- linear, sometimes extremely elongated or lanceolate-acute, varying as to size according to place in the frond, often somewhat geniculate, usually rather distant, but often contiguous or even overlapping, pinnatifid below; pinnules alternate, open, often very small, sometimes extremely small, ovate at first with a broad basal attachment, becoming ovate-triangular and sublobate to 5 and more ovate close lobes, separated by an angular sinus, which is decurrent as the pinnules become pinnatifid, with narrow attachment and diminishing marginal wing in passing downward; lamina minutely rugose, rather thick, slightly repand at the margin; nervation generally rather indistinct; nerves rather strong near the rachis, thinning in passing upward, a single primary nerve, originating at a rather open angle and branching pinnately at a wide angle nearly opposite each sinus, the lower branches forking again in the larger lobes or pinnatifid pinnules, all the nervation being generally clear on the under surface of the pinnule. The true species, as first illustrated in the Illinois geological reports,’ the types of which I had an opportunity to examine in the Illinois State Museum of Natural History, is well represented by a large series of good specimens in the collections in hand. Recently, during a study of a portion of the Lacoe collection, the examples figured in the Coal Flora’ as Pseaudo- pecopteris nummularia (Gutb.) Lx., which came from Henry County, Missouri, were found to have been labeled Sphenopteris mixta Schimp. by Professor Lesquereux, a reference which seems to indicate the belief on his part, at the late date when the specimens were catalogued, in the specific identity of the specimens figured under the former name with Sphenopteris mixta Schimp. After a careful comparison of the normal specimens of S. mixta with these types of Pseudopecopteris nummularia I can find no distinguish- ing specific character between them. Concerning the specimen purporting to come from the same region, illustrated in the Atlas to the Coal Flora, pl. liv, fig. 1, under this name, I feel constrained to regard it as not the same species. The original of this figure, transmitted to me for study through the kindness of Mr. Lacoe, is on the whole very poorly preserved, while the margins of the apparently some- ' Report Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, 1866, pl. xxxix, figs. 5, 6. 2 Vol. iii, pl. ciii, figs. 1, 2, 3. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE®—SPHENOPTERIS. 37 what withered or macerated pinnules are curled under and buried in the matrix. ‘The characters of the detail, fig. 1a, loc. cit., I have been unable to confirm in the large specimen, while the rough rachis and the general habit of the pinnz, which are quite inaccurately illustrated, are strongly sug- gestive of some specimens of Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx. found in the same beds. No intermediate forms, such as might connect this specimen with the type of Sphenopteris mixta, have, so far as I know, been found. On the contrary, its characters would seem to indicate such a variation from the normal as might be regarded as more than merely varietal. The normal form of Sphenopteris mixta is well shown in Fig. 4, Pl. XII, which represents a middle portion of the tripinnate frond. Fig. 1, Pl. XI, shows a lax lateral segment with large pinnules, and Fig. 2, PI. XH, illustrates a part of a large pinna having the aspect of the figure given in the Hlinois report. Although this species is included by Potonié! in the section of the Sphenopterids for which he created the genus Ovopteris, I am inclined rather to regard it, on the evidence of its superficial characters, as related to Sphenopteris quercifolia, S. microcarpa Lx., and the group represented in S. Heninghausii Brongn. Sphenopteris mixta, which in its habit and even in many details is close to the specimen figured by Stur® as Hapalopteris rotundifolia (Andrii) Stur, or to Sphenopteris Lawrentii as figured and described by Andrii* and seen by myself in British specimens, is easily distinguished from Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx. by the more robust habit, the spiny rachis not so flexuous, the rougher lamina, and the sharp teeth of the latter. The differences between it and S. Lacoei are noted in the remarks following the description of the latter. Localities.—Owens’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5718, 5714, 5524, 5527, 5531; Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5458; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5692, 5521, 5522, 5529; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5712, 5715, 6037, 5687, 5522, 5526, 5530. ‘Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, 1893, p. 42. 2Farne d. Carbon-Fl., p. 33, pl. xliv, figs. 3, 4. 3Urweltl. Pil. Steinkohlengeb, Pr, Rheinl. u. Westphal., Pt. iii, 1869, p. 39, pl. xiii, figs. 1, 2, 3. 38 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. SPHENOPTERIS LACOEI D. W. Pl. XII, Fig. 3. 1893. Sphenopteris Lacoei D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 56, pl. ii., figs. 5, 6. Fronds quadripinnate, spreading; primary pinnee broad, at right angles or somewhat oblique to the rachis; primary rachis finely striated, flat, or slightly arched, naked; secondary pinnee alternate, close, often somewhat overlapping, oblique above, at right angles in the middle and curving backward below, slender, linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly contracted toward the base, nearly straight or gently flexuous and curving, simply pinnate, or pinnatifid below, the largest divisions being developed as ultimate pinne, with the same relations to the secondary pinnze as those of the latter to the primary pinnee; secondary rachis rather narrow, slightly flexuous to corre- spond to the position of the pimnules, and bordered, at least in the upper part, by a very narrow lamina decurring from the pinnules; pinnules cori- aceous, dull, flat, alternate, at right angles to the rachis below, oblique above, close, sometimes contiguous, or overlapping, usually with a decurrent attachment to the rachis, cordate-ovate, or somewhat querciform, slightly obtuse at the apex, alternately lobed, more or less constricted at the base, especially on the distal side, the blade connate by a narrow decurrent lamina; the larger pinnules, about 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, constricted at the base so as frequently to appear pedicellate, the smaller ones above becoming sessile by the slightly contracted base; lobes in the lower part of the larger pinnules divided to near the midrib, larger than those above, more or less distinctly cuneate toward the base, or rhomboidally rounded or rounded-truncate at the broad top, slightly separated by a narrow, decur- rent, rounded sinus, becoming in passing upward more connate and obovate, smaller, more united, and more obtusely rounded, gradually passing into the small indistinct terminal pinnule; lobes of the pinnatifid pinnules broadening, becoming more distant, more pointed and crenate, sessile by the slightly contracting base, then lobate, and finally full-developed pinnules; primary nerves strong, somewhat decurrent, especially in the upper part of the pmnee, though often appearing slightly inclined or at right angles to the rachis in the lower part, sometimes appearing as a short pedicel; nervation obscure, a primary nerve passing into each lobe, and emitting nervils that FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE.2—SPHENOPTERIS. 3¢ usually fork once, but a portion of the nervils in the lower part of the lobes apparently springing directly from the midrib; fructification unknown. This delicate species, which is closely related to Sphenopteris mixta, is represented hy several specimens. It appears, however, to differ from the latter in having its lobes more rounded, obovate, truncate, and deeply dis- sected, the margins less sinuate, and the sinuses more rounded. It is further marked by a greater degree of rigidity in the pinnee; the rachises are not punctate, the pinnules thinner, smoother, and the nerves thinner and more obscure. The specimen illustrated in Pl. XII, Fig. 3, is that from which the detail published in my report on the Flora of the Outlying Coal Basins was prepared.' Localities. —Owens’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5516 (2), 5517; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5802; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8: Nat. Mus., 5687. SPHENOPTERIS WARDIANA n. sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 1, 2. Frond polypimnate, thin and extremely delicate; rachises of the larger pinn slender, very obscurely and very finely striated; secondary (?) pinne linear, or linear-lanceolate, slightly flexuous; pinnee of the next order alternate, open to nearly a right angle, close or slightly touching, triangular to Imear-triangular, slightly flexuous, becoming lax in the wpper part, which is provided with pinnatifid pinnules above the ultimate pinne ; ultimate pinnz alternate, open, the lower ones at a right angle to the rachis, short, oblong-triangular or ovate-triangular, a little distant, sometimes touching or nearly contiguous, and joined along the rachis by an extremely narrow border; pinnules extremely small, alternate, oblique, rarely touch- ing, ovate or obovate when very small, entire, round, attached by the whole base or cohering one-third the way up, or, when larger, crenulate-sublobate, cut into 2 to 5 round or oblong-round oblique lobes, which are connate most of their length, becoming separated by a deeper decurrent sinus when fully matured as. pinnules; nervation obscured in the thick texture of the lamina; primary nerve originating at a somewhat open angle and forking to supply a nervil to each lobe or crenulation; fructification unknown. ' Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, pl. ii, fig. 6. i 40) FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. This somewhat unique species in our American Coal Measures flora is specially characterized by the extremely small size of its parts and its minute, rounded pinnules, which are round-crenulate or roundish, crenu- late-lobate in almost the earliest stage, the lobes being marked as mere scallops or deep crenulations and cohering until a period of deeper dissec- tion, to form simple round or oval pinnules, whereupon the latter begin at once to show 2 to 5 or 7 crenulations, repeating the form of dense coherent clusters. When first examining the specimens the observer is at once impressed with the similarity in their form, habit, and grosser details to Sphenopteris (Corynepteris) coralloides Gutb.,' the species to which S. Wardiana is per- haps most nearly related; but a study with the lens of the minute divi- sions shows differences in form, substance, and nervation as great as those between many of the larger species in the group. The pinnules or lobes in the plant from Missouri, Fig. 2, Pl. XI, are much more ovate, not so truncate, the crenulations fewer and oceurring on the sides of the rounded or ovate pinnules, neither so dentate at the top nor so constricted at the base as in the plant figured by Gutbier. in S. Wardiana the texture of the pimnule is leathery, the principal nerves of no unusual thickness, and the nervils, which are less fasciculate, are rather thin and difficult to dis- cover. Sphenopteris canadensis Dn., from the Carboniferous of New Bruns- wick, is larger, more lax, the divisions more elongated and less crenulate, while the texture is membranaceous. In its general aspect Sphenopteris Wardiana suggests a microphotograph of the smaller pinnules of S. Lacoei or S. mixta. Tt belongs perhaps to that group of Sphenopterids represented by Sphenopteris Haninghausii Brongn. This interesting species is named in honor of Prof. Lester F. Ward, whose thoughtful and very thorough methods in the field of correlative and philosophical paleobotany have revolutionized the treatment of fossil plants in this country, while accomplishing a distinct benefit to the science in its broader and more comprehensive aspects. Localities —Owens’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5617; Pitcher’s mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5615. ‘See in particular the fragments and details given in Gutbier, Abdriicke, p. 40, pl. v, figs. 8, 8a; or Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 117, pl. x, figs. 4, da, 5, 5a. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE4—SPHENOPTERIS. 4] SPHENOPTERIS (HYMENOTHECA) BROADHEADI n. sp. I Pl. XIII, Figs. 1, 2. 1897. Sphenopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 296. Fertile frond tripinnate; primary pinne linear-lanceolate, acute; pri- mary rachis broad, flat above, irregularly finely striate; secondary pinnze open, somewhat oblique or nearly at a right angle to the primary rachis, subopposite or alternate, rather distant, linear, tapering from the base to a rather acute point; secondary rachis indistinctly striate, more or less rigid; ultimate divisions or pinnules subopposite, oblique, strongly decurrent, either simple, cuneate, rounded above and arching inward, or forking once or more pinnately and divergently, always preserving the cuneate form of lobes with rounded ends, while passing into the pine, which are at first 1 cm. or more in length, with 5 to 7 pinnules, then elongating with divided basal pinnules; lamina moderately thin, slightly rugose. Nervation thin, the primary nerve forking pinnately at the base of each lobe or pinnule, each of which is traversed by a branch. Fructification consisting of oval or round-oval sporangia placed one upon and nearly covering the end of each lobe or pinnule. Although the sterile form of this species is not definitely known to me, the fertile form possesses so much that is of interest and new to our flora that I describe it here without waiting for the correlation of the fertile and sterile portions of the plant. Owing to the coarsely arenaceous character of the matrix, the detail of the fruiting is not so clear as is desirable, the general appearance of the compressed sporangia being that of granular, carbonaceous matter. In this state it resembles somewhat the Discopteris Schumannt of Stur’s Carbon-Flora.' But at several points the sporangia show a slightly raised ridge or keel parallel to the longer axis, apparently like that of the Hymenophyllites figured by Schimper,’ and still more strongly resembling the Hymenotheca Datnei of Potonié.’ In fact, the rela- tionship of our fern with that described by Potonié is so evident from the details, so far as they are visible, as well as from the form and habit of the frond, that little room for doubt is left as to its actual generic identity, ‘Page 149, pl. lvi, figs. 2, 3. > Traité, vol. i, p. 415, pl. xxviii, figs. 4-8. ‘Jahrb. K. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., 1889 (1892), p. 20, pl. ii, figs. la, 1b, 1c. 42 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. whatever questions may remain concerning the relationship of the genus Hymenotheca to the Hymenophyllacee. Sphenopteris Broadheadi seems to differ from the type species of Hyme- notheca trom Schwadowitz by its more ovate lobes, generally more clearly bi- or tripartite, and the larger or more oval sporangia. The specimen photographed, Figs. 1 and 1a, Pl. XIII, represents a seg- ment from the upper part of a supposed primary pinna. It illustrates well the characteristic bi- or trilobation of the pimnules or ultimate divisions, which may be noted also in Fig. 2a, drawn from a large segment from the middle of a tripinnate fragment. Unfortunately all the specimens appear to show the upper surface of the fronds, so that the fructifications are seen in the impressions as depressed granular areas, lying within the periphery of the limb, although close up in the apex. The position of the sporangia within the margin of the lamina seems to disagree with the fruit of Diploth- mema as developed in Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur,! to the fertile pinne of which the smaller divisions of our fossils bear a considerable resemblance. Furthermore, as was remarked above, in a few instances there appears to be a longitudinal line traversing the sporangia in the Missouri specimens. The Sphenopteris fertilis, illustrated by Renault,? may belong to the same genus. The general habit of the small pinnules in the upper part of our speci- mens is much like that seen in Sphenopteris tenella Brongn.’ or in S. Wood- wardit Kidst.* Our species seems also rather close to Hymenophyllites Hwmn- boldtii as figured by Goeppert,’ while it is also comparable to Feistmantel’s figure’ of Hymenophyllites Schimperiana Goepp. As remarked in the discussion of Sphenopteris missowriensis, that species may, perhaps, represent the sterile fronds of the plant, to the fertile portion of which I have given the name Sphenopteris Broadheadi. As stated before, I have separated the fertile fragments on account of the differences in the form of their pinnee, in the degree of division or incision in proportion to the size of the lobes or pinnules, and the greater simplicity of the larger and more decurrent lobes. Locality —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5619, 5620. 1 Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xv, figs. 5, 5a-b. 2 Cours. bot. foss., vol. iii, pl. xxiii, figs. 15, 16. ‘Hist. vég. foss., p. 186, pl. xlix, figs. 1, la. ‘Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, pl. xix, figs. 1, la-e. 5 Foss. Fl. Uebergangsgebirge, pl. xxxi, figs. 1, 2. 5 Zeitsehr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., 1875, pl. xv, figs. 18, 13a, p.513. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE ©&—SPHENOPTERIS. 43 SPHENOPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS hl. Sp. Pl. XIV, Figs. 1, 2. Primary (?) pinne linear or linear-lanceolate, contracted at the base, with broad, very finely lineate rachis; pinnze of the next order alternate, open, nearly at a right angle to the rachis in the lower part of the superior pinna, becoming more oblique above, oblong-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, slightly contracted at the base, tapering rapidly in the upper part to a short, acute point, straight or slightly flexuous, close, nearly touching or overlapping a little, slightly dense, the rachis slender, slightly sinuate, appearing on the lower side as a raised strand, with a narrow border; ultimate pinnze very open, the lower ones nearly at a right angle to the rachis, alternate, rather close, touching or slightly overlapping m the lower portion of the frond, deltoid-oblong, obtuse or obtusely rounded at the apex, broadest at the decurrent base, the lowest inferior one heteromorphous, the uppermost succeeded by pinnatifid and simple pinnules; pinnules alternate, oblique, the angle of their origin averaging about 45°, short and broad, curving outward, close, nearly touching or sometimes overlapping, cuneate, with round or round-truncate apex when small, or becoming obovate and ovate or obovate-deltoid in the pinnatifid stage, ordinarily showing a marked tendency toward a broadly cuneate form, with the apex cut by a shallow sinus into 2 broad, rounded teeth or lobes, which are afterwards more deeply separated, while others are formed from the upper division, so that the pinnule is cut into about 8 or 9 short, broad, obtuse lobes before the lower ones develop the cuneate, shallowly bifid form so common in the plant; lamina not very thick, very minutely striated in the direction of the nervation, apparently by the presence of extremely small appressed hairs; nervation fine, not very distinct, though slightly in relief on the dorsal surface; primary nerve more or less distinctly decurrent, forking low, at a moderate angle, to furnish a single nervil for each lobe. The general aspect of this beautiful and graceful plant can be inferred from the photograph, Pl. XIV, Fig. 1, prepared from the largest specimen found in the collection. As noted in the description, the conspicuous char- acter of the pinnule is the outward-curved, close, cuneate, more or less bifid form, which after the development of other lobes is quickly reproduced 44 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. in the latter. The position of the pinne on the right in this specimen indi- cates a point of origin beneath the surface of the rachis as here presented, which probably consists of a central axis with thick lateral lamin. The ‘ pinne probably spring from the central axis. Sphenopteris missouriensis is perhaps most closely related to the S. tenu- ifolia Brongn.,' from which it differs by the more open angle of the pinne, which are less acute, and the closer pinnules or lobes, which seem to be more broadly cuneate, with more obtusely rounded teeth. It also resembles. somewhat the specimens figured by Stur’ as Saccopteris grypophylia (Goepp.) Stur, or as Sphenopteris formosa by Achepohl,’ though these species differ in the details as much as in size. I am far from certain that the fragments which I have described as Sphenopteris Broadheadi are not really the fertile pmne of S. missouriensis. I have separated them, however, on account of the more slender, distant, acute pinnze, and the more oblique and much more deeply dissected pinnules and lobes which remain simple or only bifid to a much larger size than in the latter species. While it is possible that the fertile pinnze represent only modified and somewhat reduced pinnze of the sterile species, it hardly seems probable that in such a case the individual ultimate divisions would retain the common characters to a greater size while presenting a simpler form of division combined with a greater degree of dissection. The force of this will be seen in a comparison of the fertile pinnze with the smaller sterile fragment, Fig. 2, Pl. XIV, which probably comes from the upper part of a frond of the same species as the large fragment. Both the fertile and the sterile forms have probably a relation to the Cheilanthites (Sphenopteris) grypophylla Goepp. The heteromorphous pinna seen at the base of the lower lateral pinna on the right in the large specimen is suggestive of a relationship for our species to the genus Diplothmema Stur. The form of the large fragment illustrated is, however, opposed to such a consideration. ; Localities —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5663; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5664. ‘Hist. vég. foss., p. 190, pl. xlviii, figs. 1, la. 2Farne d. Carbon-Flora, pl. lili, fig. 5. ‘’Niederrh.-Westfil. Steinkohlengeb., pl. xiv, fig. 8, p. 51. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEX—SPHENOPTERIS. 45 SPHENOPTERIS PINNATIFIDA (Lx.). Pl. XVIII, Figs. 3, 4; Pl. XIX, Fig. 1. 1866. Hymenophyllites pinnatifidus Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 436, pl. xxxiv, figs. 2, 2a. 1879. Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) tridactylites Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. lv, figs. 9, 9a—-b (figs. 8, Sa ?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 254 (pars). Fronds polypinnate, delicate, spreading; secondary (?) pinnee alternate, close, linear-lanceolate, slightly contracted at the base, tapering to a rather acute point; secondary rachis straight or slightly curving, somewhat sulcate above, rounded beneath, minutely irregularly striate, naked; tertiary pinnee alternate, nearly at a right angle to the superior rachis, nearly contiguous or overlapping somewhat, usually very slightly decurrent at the base, lmear- lanceolate, slightly narrowed at the base, tapering from below the middle to an acute tip; tertiary rachis slightly flexuous, minutely winged near the apex; ultimate pinne alternate, at a right angle to the rachis, or nearly so, generally slightly distant, sometimes touching or overlapping a little, 8 mm. to 20 mm. or more in length, lanceolate or lanceolate-triangular, sometimes slightly decurrent, terminating in a single oval, obtusely pointed pinnule, and provided with ovate, rounded-obtuse, alternate or subopposite, simple, bi-, tri-, or many-lobed pinnules, the latter becoming 7 to 8 lobed and elongated in passing into pinnee; lobes or incipient pinnules oblique, decurring along the rachis, more or less deeply divided, according to the degree of develop- ment; limb dull, rather thin; nerves slightly flexuous, not very distinct, forking pinnately to permit one nervil to enter each lobe; fructification consisting of groups of crowded sporangia situated on the lobes of the pin- nules and covering the surface at or near the ends of the lobes; sporangia ovoid, about .875 mm. in longer diameter, and about .3 mm. in the shorter diameter, apparently composed of cells elongated in the direction of the longer axis, and opening by an apical pore. It was only after an examination of the type specimen of Hymenophyl- lites pinnatifidus Lx., illustrated in the second volume of the Reports of the Illinois Geological Survey,’ that it became evident to me that our Missouri specimens belonged to this poorly delineated species, which was afterwards ‘Pl, xxxiv, figs. 2, 2a. p. 436. 46 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. referred by Professor Lesquereux to Sphenopteris tridactylites Brongn. From the latter, however, so far as that species is illustrated and described in foreign literature, Hymenophyllites pinnatifidus differs very much, the analogies being much closer to Sphenopteris delicatula Brongn. as figured by Sauveur,! Trichomanites (Zeilleria) delicatula illustrated by von Roehl,’ or the Sphenopteris (Hapalopteris) Schitzer Stuy, represented by Kidston in the flora from the Lanarkshire coal field.’ In PL. XIX, Fig. 1, is shown a photograph of a portion of the original of figs. 9 and 9a—-b, on pl. ly, of the Coal Flora, referred to Sphenopteris tridactylites Brongn. The enlarged detail, Fig. 1a, Pl. XIX, of the sterile pinna in this specimen (No. 4304 of the Lacoe collection), which comes from the same locality as the other specimens before me, and represents precisely the same form, shows the great difference in proportions between S. pinnatifida and the original type of the species of which it was made a synonym. : Fig. 9 in the plate of the Coal Flora includes only the middle one of three compound pinne borne on the right of a somewhat flexuous rachis 3mm. in width. Portions of alternately placed pinnze on the other side are also fertile. Although the laminze or margins of the divisions of the pimnule are obscure in the fertile frond, even where the sporangia are absent in the lower part of the pinna, enough is clear to show that the form of the sterile pinnules on the same pinna is the same as in the sterile pinna by its side. Fig. 9a of the Coal Flora, which seems to agree with fig. 8a of the same plate, fails to show either the real character of the division of the pmnule or the open angles and space between the lobes, which are very delicate. The sporangia seem to present the general aspect shown on the right in Lesquereux’s fig. Sa, though they are not so round. Under the lens they appear to have a structure like that shown in the genus Urnatopteris of Kidston,* which, in certain specimens less compressed, ours seems to resemble in ovoid form and apical pore. But Urnatopteris has the sporangia in two rows, one on each side of the nerve of the lobe, while in Sphenopteris pinnatifida the sporangia seem to be in irregular groups. This compact group- 'Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. xxiii, fig. 5. 2 Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 68, pl. xvi, fig. 6B. Pl. ili, fig. 5. 4Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, 1884, p. 494. *Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, 1888, p. 33, fig. 20. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEAIX—SPHENOPTERIS. 47 Y ing of the sporangia is suggestive of Cyclotheca Kidston,’ or possibly Myrio- theca of Zeiller,’ though in this form also they are described as biseriate. On the other hand, it is generally difficult, if not impossible, to trace the limb of the pinnule beneath or beyond the sporangia, so that in most cases the aspect of the pinnule is much like that of Hymenophyllites quadridactylites (Gutb.) Goepp.,? or still more the H. germanica of Potonié,‘ to both of which our species would also seem related by the characters of the sterile pinna. Sphenopteris pinnatifida is, however, in its habit, form, size, and details, so close to the S. (Hymenophyllites) quadridactylites (Gutb.) Goepp. as figured by Zeiller® as to make it very strongly probable that the sporangia, the appearance and mode of occurrence of which appear to be the same, are really annulate and are generated from the extremities of the lobes. Still, I have not yet been able clearly to identify a ring in the sporangium. These specimens should be studied more thoroughly in connection with other material representing fertile ferns from the Paleozoic series. Localities—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5808, 5807, 5808; very rare at Gilkerson’s Ford. The specimen partially figured in the Coal Flora from the same vicinity is No. 4304, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. SPHENOPTERIS VAN INGENI n. sp. Pl. XIII, Fig. 3. 1880. An Sphenopteris Dubuissonis Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 275 (excl. syn.); vol. ili (1884), p. S80? Fronds tri- or poly- (?) pinnate, very tenuous and delicate; primary (?) pinne slightly flexuous, with a finely striate rachis consisting of a broad axis bordered by thickened, rather narrow laminze; pinne of the next order alternate, very open or even reflexed near the base, more oblique above, close, touching or overlapping considerably, triangular, tapering from the base to the acute or acuminate point, or long-linear, the sides 1 Annals and Mag. N. H., July, 1888, p. 26, pl. i, figs. 10-12. *Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, 1883, p. 186, pl. ix, figs. 18-20; Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 32, fig. 19. 5Goeppert, Systema, 1836, p. 251. See also Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 56, fig. 36. ‘Ueber einige Carbonfarne: Jahrb. K. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., 1889 (1892), p. 23, pl. iv, figs. la-c. ° Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, pl. viii, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, b, c. 48 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI nearly parallel in the lower portion, and tapering from the middle upward, with a slightly flexuous, moderately strong, shallowly canaliculate, extremely narrowly bordered rachis; ultimate pimne alternate, open nearly at a right angle near the base, becoming somewhat oblique higher up, close, touching or somewhat overlapping, oblong, triangular, obtuse or slightly obtuse, somewhat rigid, nearly equilateral, constricted at the hardly decur- rent base, the lower inferior pinna slightly elongated, and jomed along the rachis by a very narrow, often obscure, wing; pinnules or lobes very small, and delicately denticulate or cristate; when small, obovate, oval, or ovate, and obtusely rounded above, cut into 2 to 5 short, rather broad and acute teeth, and attached by nearly the whole width, with a rather broad decur- rent wing; when larger, about 2.5-3.5 mm. long and about 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, becoming more deeply dissected in 5 or 6 lobes, the lower ones of which already have each 2 or 3 teeth formed; lamina membranace- ous, transparent; nervation very distinct; primary nerves of the pin- nules or shorter ultimate pinne rather strong, lineate, rigid near the base, tapering in passing, slightly flexuous, to the summit; basal nerve of each pinnule or lobe originating at a very open angle, seldom decurrent, and forking pinnately at a wide angle, one straight or slightly upturned nervil entering and passing to the apex of each tooth. The specimens to which I have given the above name represent one of the most beautiful and delicate species I have yet seen from the Carbon- iferous of this country. It is remarkable for the extremely delicate and lace-like effect of its regular pinne and transparent limb, traced ina pattern of exquisite daintiness and intricacy. The plant is specially characterized by the smallness and mode of dentition of the divisions and the tenuity of the laminze. The general aspect of Sphenopteris van Ingeni is at once strikingly suggestive of Sphenopteris Dubuissonis Brongn.,’ under which name it was probably identified by Lesquereux from this region.” Although there can be no doubt that it is very closely related to and belongs in the same group with Brongniart’s plant, it differs from that species, as will be seen in Fig. 3, Pl. XIU, and the enlarged detail, Fig. 3a, in the closer, much wider pinnze, and the more elongated, less constricted lobes or pinnules, which ' Hist. vég. foss., pl. liv, figs. 4a, 4b, p. 195. 2Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE4A—SPHENOPTERIS. 49 are more numerously dentate, especially on the lateral margins. Sphenop- if teris tenuifolia Brongn., to which, as figured by Gutbier,” it bears some resemblance, is still more deeply dissected, while the details of the same species given by Brongniart” and Kidston’ indicate a quite different plant. It is perhaps more closely related to S. Matheti Zeill.,* or S. minuti- secta F. and W.,° from the Upper Barren beds in the Appalachian trough. I have seen in the collections specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois, and the Lorway seam of Cape Breton labeled Sphenopteris cristata Brongn., that are related somewhat closely to this species. These specimens are involved in the difficulty alluded to in my remarks on S. cherophylloides. Locality —All the specimens were collected by Mr. Gilbert van Ingen at Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5568, 5616. SPHENOPTERIS CHASROPHYLLOIDES (Brongn.) Presl. 1835 or 1836. Pecopteris cherophylloides Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 357, pl. exxv, figs. 1, 2. 1870. Pecopteris chwrophylloides Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 404. 1883. Pecopteris cherophylloides Brongn., Renault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. iii, p. 124, pl. xxi, figs. 10, 11. 1838. Sphenopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, p. 131. 1880. Sphenopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 270. 1886, Sphenopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Presl, Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valen- ciennes, Atlas, pl. xi, figs. 1, 1a, 2, 2a-b; text (1888), p. 90. 1865. Cheilanthites Brongniartii Ettingshausen, Farrnkriéut. d. Jetzw., p. 73. 1883. Renaultia cherophylloides (Brongn.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, p. 185, pl. ix, figs. 16, 17. 1888. Renaultia cherophylloides (Brongn.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 29. 1883. Hapalopteris typica Stur, Morph. u. Syst. Culm- u. Carbontarne, p. 29 (661), fig. 8. 1885. Hapalopteris typica Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., p. 27, fig. 8, p. 46, pl. xlii, figs. 3, 3a, 4. 1884. An Sphenopteris Gravenhorstii Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880? 1885. Hapalopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-I'l., p. 176. 1888. Hapalopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Stur, Schenk, Die foss. Pflanzenr., p. 29. 1893. Ovopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 44. ! Abdriicke, p. 39, pl. x, figs. 9, 9a. 2 Hist. vég. foss., pl. xlviii, fig. 1, p. 190. 3 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, pl. xix, figs. 2, 2a-b. 4F1. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, pl. i, figs. 3-6, p. 49. 5Fontaine and White, Permian Flora, pl. v, figs. 1-4, p. 43. 4 MON XXXVII 50 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. In the lists at the end of the third volume of the Coal Flora Sphenop- teris cherophylloides Brongn. is recorded* as occurring in the vicinity of Clinton, Henry County, Missouri. But while a few specimens in the col- lections agree well with one identified by Professor Lesquereux, which Dr. Britts has had the goodness to loan me for comparison, it seems to differ in some respects from the details first illustrated in Brongniart’s species. In fact, among the considerable number of American specimens that have been ascribed to this species there would seem to be included representa- tives of several species, the mdividuality and characters of which can be developed only by a thorough scrutiny and detailed revision of the group of Sphenopterids, including S. cherophylloides, S. cristata Brongn., S. Graven- horstii Brongn., and S. pseudomurrayana Lx. It is probable that the material on which the record of S. Gravenhorstiit Brongn. in the Clinton flora was based is of the same nature as that iden- tified as S. cherophylloides. The specimen figured (Pl. XIX, Fig. 2) differs more from the S. Brittsti type than any other included under the name S. cherophylloides. It perhaps represents the form recorded as S. Gravenhorstit. At present I am far from certain that the Missouri specimens of the former, if not of both species, are not really fragments of the smaller and more delicate pinnze of S. Brittsii Lx. Nevertheless, until a thorough revision of the American material in this section of the genus Sphenopteris (Ovopteris) is made, so as to show the true relations of the forms, I shall record this plant as S. cherophylloides, in respect’ to the identification of Professor Lesquereux. Localities —Identified by Professor Lesquereux from Hobbs’s bank; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8.. Nat. Mus., 5518; Owens’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5519. SPHENOPTERIS CRISTATA (Brongn.) Presl. 1828. Pecopteris cristata Brougniart, Prodrome, p. 58. 1835 or 1836. Pecopteris cristata Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 356, pl. exxy, fig. 4 (5?). 1838. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, p. 131. 1855, An Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 19, pl. xxiv, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a? 1869. Sphenopteris cristatu (Brongn.) Presl, von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 60, pl. xxix, figs. 14, 14a. ‘Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 880. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEA—SPHENOPTERIS, s 51 1879. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Schimper, in Zittel: Hand. Paleont., vol. li, p. 109, fig. 80. 1880. Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Pres], Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 274; vol. iii (1884), p. 761, pl. cii, figs. 1, 1a (fig. 1a copied from Brongniart), 1890, Sphenopteris cristata (Brongn.) Presl, Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 64, pl. iii, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a—b. 1893. Ovopteris cristata (Brongn.) Potonié, Fl. Roth]. Thiiringen, p. 44. The remarks made under S. cherophylloides Brongu., referring to the differentiation of the specimens in the United States that have been assigned to that species, apply with equal force to S. cristata Brongn. In the collections now in hand area number of specimens with narrow terete and nonpunctate rachises and a rather thin, smooth limb, on which the veins are clearly seen, the nervation and mode of division of the pinnules being very close to Sphenopteris cristata as illustrated by Brongniart* and Zeiller.” The Missouri specimens also agree well with others from Mazon Creek, Illinois, placed by Lesquereux in the same species. The relations of the American specimens in S. cristata to those identi- fied as S. cherophylloides can best be shown ina monographic revision of this section of the Sphenopterids. Localities —Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5504; Owens’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5503, 5507; Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5505. SPHENOPTERIS SUSPECTA Nh. Sp. Pl. XXXV, Figs. 1-3. Frond tri- or polypinnate, rather compact; secondary (?) pinne lanceo- late, contracted somewhat at the base, acute, slightly flexuous and lax; rachis slender, slightly flexuous in accordance with the bases of the lateral pinnee, shallowly canaliculate above, terete below, minutely lineate, and very distantly punctate; ultimate pinne alternate, open, somewhat reflexed at the base, becoming oblique toward the top, rather close, a little distant or touching, often gently curved, oblong, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly narrowed at the base; pinnules large, close, usually touching or slightly overlapping, oblique, ovate or ovate-oblong, slightly curved | Hist. vég. foss., p. 356, pl. exxv, fig. 45. The figure of the enlarged pinnule is copied in Les- quereux’s Coal Flora, vol. iii, pl. cil, fig. la. 2¥F 1. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. x, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a-b. 52 * FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. upward, obtuse, entire, or slightly crenulate before becoming pinnatifid, a little decurrent and narrowly connate; lamina thin, dull, arched gently backward toward the margin; nervation quite distinct, clear on the upper surface of the pinnule, in relief on the lower surface; primary nerve oblique or slightly decurrent in the lower part, which is much nearer to the inferior than to the superior angle of the pinnule, thin, though sometimes appearing double on the lower side of the lamina, slightly geniculate at the bases of the nervils, and passing to near the apex of the pinnule; nervils rather distant, oblique, at a variable angle of divergence, simple and straight in the upper part of the rather small pinnules, generally forking once below the midrib, and, in the larger pinnules, the upper branch usually forking again. The specimens representing this species are quite uniform in their characters, the most conspicuous of which are the form, compactness, size, and entireness of the pinnules, and the distinctness, thinness, and distance of the nervation. Fragments of the pinne might, at first glance, be taken for some form of Pecopteris, e. g., P. clintoni Lx., on account of the resemblance in the size and outline of the larger pinnules and isolated ultimate pinne. The mode of division and the other features of the rachis, which is here and there marked by punctation, and the nervation are, however, those of Sphenopteris. The relation of this species is with the group represented by Sphenop- teris cristata Brongn. and S. cherophylloides Brongn., the nervation of which is plainly similar. In a few instances, where the backward-arched margin is broken or buried in the matrix so as to render the pinnules more pointed with rough borders, the resemblance to some of the American specimens listed as S. cherophylloides is especially strong, and it is not impossible that our plant may have been in certain cases identified as that species. Sphenopteris suspecta is readily distinguished from S. cherophylloides Brongn. and S. cristata Brongn. by its more broadly ovate, obtuse pinnules with entire margins. The nervation differs much from S. integra Andra, while the margins, thin lamina, and more slender character of the pinnz preclude any confusion with partially covered fragments of S. Brittsi Lx. Localities —Owens’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5650, 5651, 5652; Pitcher’s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5649, with Cordaites communis Lx. and Hysterites Cordaitis Gr.’E’y. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE &2—SPHENOPTERIS. 53 SPHENOPTERIS BRITTSIT Lx. PROVE ETS el sy ONG VAL | eXa Vallee eRe VEU LL Re Ss le 2s Pl XL xe aio: 3. 1879. Sphenopteris Brittsii Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. lv, figs. 2, 2b; text, vol. i (1880), p. 277 (vol. iii, 1884, p. 764, pl. cii, figs. 3, 4, 4a?). 1883. Sphenopteris Brittsii Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, p. 216, pl. xv, 1890. Sphenopteris Brittsti Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 983, text fig. 1893. Ovopteris Brittsii (Lx.) Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 44. Fronds large, tri(poly-?)pinnate; rachis of the various orders well devel- oped, flexuous, sometimes slightly subgeniculate, low-rounded beneath, broadly and shallowly canaliculate on the upper surface, faintly striate, rough, provided with short lax scales or spinous scales; primary (?) pinnze alternate, very open, often at a right angle to the rachis, or reflexed, stand- ing close, usually overlapping, flexuous or sinuate, lanceolate or linear-lanceo- late, acute, more or less lax, contracted toward the base and presenting a rather rough surface and ragged margin on account of the uneven lamina and the slightly repand and sharp-toothed border; pinnze of the next order alternate, open, somewhat arched backward below, flexuous, close, frequently overlapping, usually curving upward and parallel, but often at a right angle to the rachis, and sinuate, linear, tapering from near the base to the slightly obtuse apex, sometimes very slender, flexuous, and reduced toward the base; ultimate pinne alternate, generally rather close, less often touching or slightly overlapping, very open, nearly at a right angle to the rachis in the lower part of the pinna, ovate-triangular, obtusely pointed, wider on the upper side at the base, usually curving upward somewhat, slightly flexuous, with depressed, well-marked punctate-rugose rachis, and joined by a narrow decurrent lamina; pinnules alternate, close, compact, usually, slightly over- lapping, set obliquely by a broad attachment, ovate or ovate-triangular, arching upward, unsymmetrical, much wider on the upper side at the base, the lower side being slightly reduced, broadly ovate, the upper part pin- nately cut in narrow, very short, obtuse, strongly upward-pointed teeth when young, becoming more triangular and pinnately lobed by very shallow narrow sinuses in five or more upward-inclined divisions when larger, the lobes broad, truncate-rounded, bi- or tri- to quinquedentate, increasing to 54 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL small pmnules, the decurrent sinuses between the latter gradually approach- ing the rachis but not reaching it; lamina rather thick, rugose, often arched between the nervils, and usually somewhat repand, so as to conceal the teeth in the matrix; nervation generally clear, the primary nerve strong, originating at a moderate angle, but slightly if at all decurrent, slightly subgeniculate near the top, forking pinnately at a rather open angle at the base of each lobe, each secondary nerve in the pinnatifid pinnules forking pimnately again in the middle portion of the lobe to furnish one oblique upward-turning nervil, which passes to the apex of each tooth. One of the most common species in the flora of the Coal Measures about Clinton is that described by Lesquereux in the first volume of the Coal Flora as Sphenopteris Brittsii. Fragments. of this species are found scattered over a large proportion of the slabs, and, although its surface is rugose and irregular, often ragged in appearance, the slender sinuous pinnee are frequently pleasing in general effect. The semblance of a smooth margin in the lobes of many examples is due to a slight convexity of the pinnules and the consequent concealment of the teeth in the matrix, and is not really so frequent nor so complete as might be inferred from the figure in the Coal Flora. On this account I have sought to represent, by photo-reproduction, figures of portions which will show the margin as well as several phases in the development of the pinhe. The margins are decurrent in the specimen figured by Lesquereux, as well as in ours. The former also shows the punctate rachis, often slen- der or somewhat geniculate. The punctations on the stem are found to be the basal scars of short spines. The compound pinnules are always decur- rent, bordering the rachis with a narrow wing. Very rarely, when the margins are broken away or concealed, the most slender pinnee of Sphenop- teris Brittsii resemble S. mixta Schimper, but even in these attenuated pinnze the species can be readily distinguished by the more rugose, coriaceous texture, the uneyen surface of the limb, the much stronger rachis, densely punctate, the broad, compact pinnules, the more ovate lobes, the straighter pinnee, and the dentition, seen even in the earliest stage of the division. Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx. belongs naturally to the section of the Sphe- nopterids represented by S. cherophylloides Brongn., or S. cristata Brongn., which Potonié! separates as a distinct genus, Ovopteris. Our specimens ‘Fl, Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 44. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE.H—SPHENOPTERIS. 55 are, in fact, close to S. cristata, and seem to have been slightly confused in the Missouri collections with both that species and S. cherophylloides. While agreeing in several features with the former, it may be distinguished in small fragments by the thick coriaceous texture, the compact upward- curving pinnules, and.the teeth situated on the distal margin of the pinnule or lobes and’ pointing upward. The characters last named, combined with the strongly unequilateral pinnules, frequently give the more slender pinnze an appearance suggestive of Sphenopteris Essingii Andra or S. inequilateralis Lx." I have seen no fertile pinnz from Missouri which seem to me to be definitely referable to this species. The specimens from Nelsonville, Ohio, described and figured in the third volume of the Coal Flora,’ the types of which are in the Lacoe collection; haye a smooth rachis, a thin, smooth lamina, much more slender pinnules, and some differences in dentition and nervation, so that it will, I believe, be necessary to regard them at present as varietally if not specifically distinct. Localities.—Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5703, 5706, 5669, 5495, 5497, 5501, 5502, 5626, with abundant Spirorbis carbonaria; Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5704, 5494, 5498, 5668; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5500; Owens’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5705. SPHENOPTERIS CANNELTONENSIS Ll. Sp. Pl. XV, Fig. 2. 1884. Sphenopteris hymenophylloides Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ili, p. 764, pl. cii, fig. 2 (excl. syn.). 1897. Sphenopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 300. The original of the figure published in the Coal Flora as Sphenopteris hymenophylloides Brongn., and which is. now No. 4262 in the Lacoe collec- tion, I find to have been labeled later by Professor Lesquereux, together with other specimens of the same form, as Sphenopteris Gutbieriana Gein. That the type from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, can hardly represent Brong- niart’s species® appears probable from a comparison of the above-cited figure in the Coal Flora with that given by Brongniart. The American specimens ‘Coal Flora, vol. iti, p. 765, pl. ei, figs. 4, 5, 5a. °1884, p. 764, pl. cii, figs. 3, 4, 4a. 3 Hist. vég. foss., p. 189, pl. lvi, figs. 4a, 4b. 56 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. differ in the angle and form of the pinnules, the lobes being much more deeply denticulate, while the nerves are straight and fork in adaptation to a more prevailingly bifid instead of trifid tendency in the system of the division of the lobes. Moreover, S. hymenophylloides Brongn. was described from the Oolite of Whitby, in Yorkshire. Our specimens, including the fragments from Missouri, are character- ized especially by the alate pinnules and lobes, bifid in their system of division and traversed by very distinct, strong, straight, rigid nerves. Thus, while it is apparently closely related to S. Gutbieriana Geinitz’ or S. Picandeti Zeiller,” it seems to me to be hardly admissible to either. Both, especially the former, have the pinne more slender, acute, decurrent, and less alate. Sphenopteris Picandeti Zeill. has the pinnules narrower at the base, the lobes less often bifid, the nerves more slender. The lower pinnules of the smaller pinnze of S. canneltonensis are often broadly alate, and except for the sharp teeth, nearly truncate at the broad apex. From the form of the pinnation seen in the segments from Cannelton I suspect that the frond has the mode of division illustrated by Zeiller* in Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur, to which our species is obviously very close, probably more closely related than to. any other, though in this, too, we seem to have a much more delicate and elongated system of pinnation, the divisions being narrower and the lobes acuminate. Specimens from Cannelton which are perhaps doubtfully separable from S. canneltonensis were identified by Lesquereux as S. sublo- bata Weiss. It is possible that a comparison of specimens or a more complete representation of S. canneltonensis may prove its identity with the Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur. For the present, since the American specimens, which deserve further illustration, can hardly be referable to Sphenopteris hymenophylloides Brongn.., or S. Gutbieriana Gein., I name them after the locality in Pennsylvania from which the specimen figured by Lesquereux was obtained. This fig- ured specimen, No. 4672 of the Lacoe collection, is thus the type of the Sphenopteris canneltonensis. Localities —Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5665; a very doubtful fragment is from Owens’s bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5569. ! Gutbier, Abdriicke, pl. iv, fig.13. Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohlenf. Sachsen, p. 15, pl. xxiii, fig. 10. 2 Fl. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 53, pl. ii, figs. 10-12. 3 Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 151, pl. xv, fig.5; pl. xvi, fig. 12. Stur, Farne d. Carbon- Flora, p. 329. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEA—SPHENOPTERIS. 5 ~] SPHENOPTERIS CAPITATA h. Sp. TAL CW Lie By 1897. Sphenopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 300. Frond tripimnate or polypmnate, delicate; secondary (?) pinne alternate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, tapering to a rather obtuse point; rachis slender, somewhat flexuous, round, naked, smooth; ultimate pinne oval- lanceolate, alternate, close, rarely overlapping a little, slightly oblique, or nearly at a right angle to the rachis; pinnules alternate, hardly contiguous, often with broad, stalk-like attachment, joined by a narrow wing decurring along the rachis, ovate, sublobate in 8 to 5 more or less distinctly marked, distally directed, rounded or obtusely pointed teeth or lobes; limb thin, dull, minutely rugose, cut in acute decurrent sinuses between the pinules and lobes; nervation rather indistinct, the median nerve originating at an acute angle with the rachis, curving outward, branching pinnately at a moderate angle, one neryil passing into each lobe or tooth. The more salient features of this interesting plant are the compact ultimate pinnze and the more or less distinctly broadly ovate pinnules or lobes which are slightly incised by very broad, shallow sinuses or crenula- tions to form broad, rounded, erect lobes, the lower being inclined so obliquely as to give the pinnule a slightly stalked appearance. The pinnules are more or less oblique, with a notably broad attachment with the marginal wing. The nerves, which are incorrectly delineated in Fig. 3a, are slender and flexuous, forking at a moderate angle to furnish one nervil for each lobe. They are mostly obscured in the smooth or very minutely rugose, dull, opaque lamina. The mode of division and lobation of this specimen is suggestive of that shown by Gutbier? in his Sphenopteris rutefolia {non (Kichw.) Schimp.], though the members of the latter, which is referred to the Sph. gracilis type, are smaller and more deeply dissected. The texture, surface, obscure nervation, and the more compact pin- nules, provided with but few very broadly rounded crenulations or teeth, are characters by which the form before us can readily be distinguished from corresponding portions of Sphenopteris Brittsii Lx., in which the margin 1 Abdriicke, pl. x, figs. 10, 11, p. 42. 58 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. may be broken or buried in the matrix so as to present a somewhat similar outline. Locality—Near Clinton, Henry Countv Missouri; precise locality unknown; U.S. Nat. Mus., 5662. SPHENOPTERIS ILlINOISENSIS n. sp. Pl. XIX, Fig. 4; Pl. XLIV, Fig. 1. 1870, Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 393, pl. x, figs. 2, 3, 4 (non fig. 1). 74. Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lx., Schimper, Traité, vol. iii, p. 500. 1878. Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lx., Andrews, Elem. Geol., p. 177, fig. 323. 79. Pseudopecopteris hymenophylloides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. lvi, figs. 3, da—b (non fig. 2); text, vol. i (1880), p. 196 (pars). Fronds tri- or poly-(?) pimnate, lax, rather delicate; form of primary pinnee not sufficiently known for description; secondary (?) pinne oblong- lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute, rather dense though delicate, the rachis being rather slender, finely lineate, rounded beneath, shallowly canaliculate on the upper side, with narrow thread-like central strand in relief on the back, giving off thread-like branches for the pinnze of the next order, and bor- dered by a wide lamina; ultimate pinne alternate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-triangular, broadest at the base, rather blunt pointed, open or some- what oblique, close, usually slightly overlapping, provided with simple or pinnatifid pinnules in the lower portion, becoming pinnatifid, and crenulate- lobate by the confluence of the pinnules near the top, and joined at the base of the decurrent lamina; rachis of the ultimate pinne thread-like, terete on the back, nearly straight and often decurrent at the base to meet the supe- rior rachis at a very narrow angle; pinnules alternate, oblique, usually at an angle of nearly 45° of divergence from the rachis, close, usually touch- ing or slightly overlapping, generally curving slightly upward, either when small, short, oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, .75-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse or obtusely pointed at the top, connate up to near the middle, or, when larger, becoming ovate and oblong-ovate, obtuse, and developing at first 1 to 3 very erect, narrow, obtuse teeth above the middle, later bearing 4 to 6 short broad teeth, and, becoming cut into 6 to 9 longer obtuse teeth, soon passing the lobate stage into pinnules, the lower pair of which are usually quite oblique, although the lowest inferior pinnule is sometimes heteromorphous; lamina FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE.®—SPHENOPTERIS. 59 thin, smooth, slightly arched; nervation moderately clear; nerves narrow, straight or nearly straight, somewhat rigid, slightly depressed or obscure on the upper surface, distinct and somewhat in relief on the back; primary nerve emitted at an angle of about 45°, very rarely decurrent at the base, and giving off simple branches at an angle of nearly 40°, one nervil to pass into each lobe or crenulation, the dentate pinnules having but one simple, slightly upward turning, rigid nerve to enter each of the few teeth, the younger pinnules having a single nervil, which gives off a branch for each e . incipient crenulation or developing lobe; fructification unknown. The smaller type, illustrated in the Fourth Ilmois Report? as Alethop- teris hymenophylloides Lx., and in the Coal Flora* as Pseudopecopteris hymeno- phylloides Lx., is represented in the Missouri collections by several speci- mens, two of which are shown in Pl. XIX, Fig, 4, and Pl. XLIV, Fie. 1. The latter, which shows a section from the upper part of a compound pinna, is comparable to fig. 3 of the plate in the Coal Flora, while the former, which includes the apex of a slender pinna similar to the upper part of the same type, agrees precisely with a specimen (No. 3984 of the Lacoe collection) from Mazon Creek, the type locality, identified under the above name by Professor Lesquereux. Other fragments agree with the details and lower portions of Lesquereux’s fig. 3, and leave, in fact, no doubt as to the identity of our plant with the small original type of Pseudopecopteris hymenophylloides Lx. The more salient characteristics in the examples from both States are the thread-like, wide-bordered axis in the rachises, from which the strands turn off to the subordinate pinnee, the rather smooth, oblique pinne pro- vided with relatively few pinnules, the small pinnules or connate lobes generally very oblique and distant, and the simplicity and apparent rigidity of the nervation, the nervils being regular in the angle of their divergence and seldom forking in the pinnule or lobe or small pinnule until a tooth is in process of formation. The usual form of the pinnule is seen in the larger fragment, Pl. XLIV, Fig. 1. It is especially difficult to distinguish the pinnules from pinnee, owing to the early passage to a pinnatifid arrange- ment in the lower portion of the pinnules. The formation of the first tooth on the lobe, or of the first lobe on the pinnule, whichever term is applied ‘1870, p. 393, pl. x, figs. 2, 3, 4. 2 Atlas, p. 10, pl. lvi, figs. 3, 3a-b, copied from Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv. 60 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. to these divisions, is marked by an outward pushing of the lamina on the proximal margin above the middle so as to form a step-like offset in the margin, which is gradually cut into a rather blunt, broad lobe or tooth by the descent of an oblique sinus. Another characteristic of the species is the upward direction of the divisions, which, except when the lower inferior lobe is polymorphous, brings the points of the lower lobes or teeth a con- siderable distance from the base of the pinna or pinnule. As will be seen from the above notes and a comparison with the origi- nal figures, the smaller type illustrated by Lesquereux is very different in form, division, and nervation from the larger type shown in fig. 1, pl. x, of the Illinois Report, copied as fig. 2 of the plate in the Coal Flora. In short, it does not seem possible that pinnze with the type of large, lax, rather broadly confluent, crenulate pinnules with a flexuous, rather narrowly bifurcated and outward-curying system of nervation illustrated in this figure could have ,belonged to the same species as that described above. Accordingly, I find myself impelled to separate this larger form, fig. 1 of the Illinois Report or fig. 2 of the Pennsylvania Report, from the small species lying before me; and since this smaller species from Illinois and Missouri seems in its form, mode of division, and nervation to be a Sphenopteris rather than either a Pseudopecopteris or a Pecopteris, | am constrained, though not without regret, to give it a new name, there being already a Sphenopteris hymenophylloides Brongn. Should the mode of division in the frond of our species be found to be that of Pseudopecopteris, then either the specific name hymenophylloides Lx. may be restored, in which case it will be necessary to furnish some other designation for the large species from Mazon Creek, Illinois, or the name illinoisensis may be continued, the species represented by the large type being still known by its original appellation. Locality—Hobbs’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5564, 5661, 7. SPHENOPTERIS (CROSSOTHECA) OPHIOGLOSSOIDES (Lx.). Pl. XX, Figs. 3, 4. 1879. Sorocladus ophioglossoides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xlviii, fig. 11; text, vol. i (1880), p. 329. Fronds large, quadripinnate or polypinnate; primary pinne rather dense, rough, and somewhat rigid; secondary pinne oblique, alternate, FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEA.—SPHENOPTERIS, 61 overlapping, parallel, lanceolate; tertiary pinnze open, alternate, rigid, over- lapping a little, lanceolate, or lanceolate-triangular, rather obtuse, with stout, roughly striate rachis, which is shallowly canaliculate on the ventral surface; ultimate pinne alternate, open, somewhat flexuous, nearly touch- ing or slightly overlapping, rather dense, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, with irregular surface; pinnules alternate, when very small broadly ovate, close, and decurrent, becoming confluent and obliterated toward the top of the pinna, or, when larger, crenulate and cut in rounded or oyate, decurrent, outward-curved lobes in the lower part, crenulate and ovate- rounded above, the largest ones ovate-triangular, very obtuse and pinnatifid, with a broad attachment sometimes slightly elongated to form a broad, very short, decurrent footstalk with narrow borders decurring along the rachis; lamina coriaceous, slightly furrowed over the primary nerve in the larger pinnules, repand; nervation quite distinct, coarse, and usually slightly sal- ient on the upper surface, giving the pinnule a very rough aspect; primary nerve strong, originating obliquely, curving, often quite decurrently, flex- uous, more or less distinctly subgeniculate in adaptation to the secondary nerves at the bases of the lobes or crenulations; secondary nerves, one for each lobe or crenulation, given off at a rather open angle, and forking once or twice at a wide angle, all the divisions, especially the upper branches, curving strongly outward, and each forking once or twice again, according to the stage of the development of the lobe, the nerves of each lobe or very small pinnule having a fasciculate appearance, and strongly arched upward, the ultimate nervils passing parallel to the margin, which, in the larger lobes, they reach at nearly a right angle to the midrib; fertile pinne very different from the sterile pmnz, in the lower or middle por- tion of which they are probably borne; consisting primarily of oblong or oblong-ovoid, more or less curved, fleshy pmnules about 8-12 mm. long and 2-3 mm. in width, borne alternately and apparently sessile on a broad rachis; sporangia fusiform, about 1.75 mm. long, and .75 mm. in width near the base, tapering to an acute point, apparently arranged pendent or some- what inflexed in a close or crowded fringe about the margin of the fertile pinnule. Among the specimens last transmitted by Dr. Britts from Clinton are several fragments of sterile pinnze which, almost without doubt, belong to the same plant as the fertile specimens described from the same beds nearly e 62 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. twenty years ago by Professor Lesquereux under the name Sorocladus ophio- glossoides.' The extremely close relationship of the sterile pinnee from Missouri with others from Mazon Creek, Hlinois, which the unpublished manuscript and drawings of Professor Lesquereux show in direct connec- tion with Sorocladus sagittatus Lx.,’ the identity of structure which on exam- ination of the type specimens I find to exist between Sorocladus ophioglossoides and Sorocladus sagittatus, and the surprising and impressive analogy of both the fertile and the sterile segments of the American species to the corres- ponding portions of Sphenopteris Bowayit Zeill., and Sphenopteris Crepini Zeill., from the Valenciennes basin, place beyond doubt the relationship of the sterile fragments from Missouri to the group represented by Sorocladus sagittatus Lx. And since the remarkable affinities between the Missouri and the Illinois sterile forms compel us to expect a fertile pinna for the Missouri species very similar to that described from the other State, we can hardly avoid the conclusion that Sorocladus ophioglossoides, which completely satisfies these conditions and fulfills the analogies, is really the fertile por- tion of the species to which the fragment illustrated in Pl. XX, Figs. 3, 4, which comes from the same region, belongs. It would manifestly be unjust to anticipate the publication of any data included in the manuscript report of Professor Lesquereux, however interesting might be the comparison of the details therein contained. Consequently no further reference will be made to the sterile specimens from Illinois. The Missouri specimens before me are specially characterized by the irregular appearance of the surface of the pinnz, the system of crenulate lobation, and the ragged aspect of the nervation, which appears fasciculate at the base of the lobes, and arches strongly upward. The types of Sorocladus ophioglossoides Lx., from Henry County, now in the Lacoe collection (Nos. 4170-4172) in the United States National Museum, bear a very striking and interesting resemblance in their form, in the characters of the fleshy lamina, and the fringe of sporangia about the latter, suggesting, as Zeiller remarks, fringed epaulets, and even in the superficial characters of the sporangia, to the type of Sphenopteris Boulayi 1Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 329, pl. xlviii, fig. 11. , 2Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 329, pl. xlvili, figs. 10-10); vol. iii, p. 760, pl.c, figs. 4,5. Through a misun- derstanding a very incomplete drawing of one of the specimens examined by Professor Lesquereux was included in Lesley’s Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 606. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEM—SPHENOPTERIS. 63 Zeill., illustrated in figs. 4 and 4a, pl. iv, of the magnificent atlas to the Valenciennes Flora. In a few examples the surface of the pinnules when exposed is shown to be barred pinnately on eithér side of the midrib so as to resemble some of the figures of fertile pimnules of Danqites Goepp.! This feature, shown in both the Coal Flora and in Zeiller’s figures, is regarded by the latter as corresponding to lobation of the lamina. The genus Sorocladus of Lesquereux® was presented as a substitute for Staphylopteris Presl, to include ‘all agglomerations of sporanges of various forms, either borne upon separate segments of a fern, like those of Botrychium without visible remains of leaves, or whose connection to frond- bearing leaves can not be traced and is unknown;” or “for the description of ferns of the coal represented by fructifications whose relation is unknown.” Naturally the fructifications included in the genus may be, and actually are, of widely different relations. Thus Sorocladus stellatus Lx. , placed by Lesquereux at the head of the list of species in this genus, is quite equivocal, while Sorocladus asteroides Lx., which follows it, would seem to belong to the genus Calymmotheca Stur.? Sorocladus sagittatus and Sorocladus ophioglossoides fall within the genus Crossotheca of Zeiller,! and Sorocladus Worthent represents a fertile type perhaps included in Havlea Corda’ or Asterotheca Presl.° The differences between the sterile portions of Sphenopteris ophioglos- soides and Sphenopterts Boulayt or S. Crepini may readily be learned from a comparison of the descriptions and figures.’ The fertile pinnules of the American form are not so large nor so pedicellate as in Sphenopteris Boulayi Zeill. Sorocladus ophioglossoides differs from Sorocladus sagittatus by the narrower atid more slender form of the fertile pinnules of the former, which are not dilated at the base nor distinctly and broadly pedicellate. The forms included in the genus 1Cf. Danwites sarepontanus Stur, Morph. Syst. Culm- u. Carbon- Farne, p.146; or Danwites Emer- soni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, pl. xxviii, fig. 2. ? Coal Flora, Atlas, 1879, p. 8, pl. xlviii; text, vol. 1, 1880, p. 327. °Culm-Flora, vol. ii, 1877, p. 255. Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, 1838, p. 34, pl. xii, figs. 2, 2a-b. ‘Ann. Sci. Nat., bot., (6) vol. xvi, August, 1883, p. 180—Sorotheca Stur, Morph. Syst. Culm- nu. Carbon-Farne, December, 1883, p.175. See Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 34. 5 Fl. d. Vorwelt, 1845, p. 89. ®JIn Corda: op. cit., p. 89. 7 Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 115, pl. iv, figs. 4a-c; p.112, pl. xiii, figs. 1-3. 64 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Sorocladus deserve a detailed description along with other material com- prising fertile ferns from the American Coal Measures. Localities—The sterile forms come from Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5536, 5698. The original specimens of Sorocladus ophioglossoides Lx. from Henry County, without more exact locality, are Nos. 1227 and 4272 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. SPHENOPTERIS SUBCRENULATA (Lx.). Pl. XX, Fig. 5. 1866. Alethopteris crenulata (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 439, pl. xxxix, figs. 2-4. 1870. Alethopteris crenulata (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 393, pl. xiii, figs. 14, 15. 1879. Pseudopecopteris subcrenulata Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pl. xxxvii, figs. 7, 8; text, vol. i (1880), p. 193. The specimen figured in Pl. XX, Fig. 5, agrees in so many respects with several examples from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, and Mazon Creek, Illinois, labeled Pseudopecopteris subcrenulata by Professor Lesquereux, as to leave little doubt as to its proper inclusion in that somewhat variable species. The lamina of the pinnules is thin, though minutely rugose, with the margins more or less distinctly retracted between the tips of the nerves, the crenulation being less marked on the sides than near the apex of the pinnules. The nerves, which in the specimen in hand are viewed from the back side of the frond, are clear and in relief. The midrib is rather slender and decurrent, the nervils pinnate, for the most part nearly straight and very oblique. The nervils are themselves striate, often appearing double, as is the case in the specimens from Mazon Creek. The specimens from Illinois and Pennsylvania, referred to above, rep- resent a form similar to that given in fig. 8, pl. xxxvii, of the Coal Flora. It would seem at first that this should be quite distinct from the type illus- trated in fig. 7 of the same plate. But the variation in the size and nerva- tion in the entire suite of specimens from Mazon Creek is, as Professor Lesquereux remarked,’ so great that it is difficult to establish any satisfac- tory line of demarcation among them, although more than one species seems to be represented. In the specimen from Missouri the two or three ‘Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 193. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE4—SPHENOPTERIS. 65 lower inferior nerves in the pinnules near the base of the segment are found to bifurcate at a variable distance from the median nerve, but the superior nerves, as well as all those of the smaller pinnules, are undivided. In none of the specimens identified as this species have I found the distinctive characters of the genus Pseudopecopteris. On the other hand, all the details seem to be those of Pecopteris or Sphenopteris. M. Zeiller has referred this species to Pecopteris, at the same time inscribing! Psewdopecop- teris subcrenulata Lx. as a synonym of Pecopteris crenulata Brongn. It is true that the specific separation, perhaps at the suggestion of Schimper,” of the American species, which was at first correlated with the European form, was largely based on the insufliciency of Brongniart’s diagnosis and illus- trative material. But while many of the Illinois specimens appear to be referable to Brongniart’s species,’ so excellently as well as authentically elaborated by Zeiller* after a comparison of Brongniart’s original, the more simple American type does not seem to me to be included therein. It is also quite clearly different from the plant illustrated as Pecopteris crenulata by Potonié,’ who also unites Pseudopecopteris subcrenulata as a synonym of Brongniart’s plant. The Thuringian specimen would seem to be a true Pecopteris. The Old World plant seems to differ from that from Missouri by the thicker lamina and the much more open, frequently obscured nerves, which in the apparently corresponding portions are once forked, instead of remaining simple. The oblique position of the slightly connate pinnules, the rather strongly decurrent median nerve, the thin lamina, crenulate or erose above, and decurring to form a marginal wing along the superior rachis between the lat- eral pinnee, and the relatively narrow flexuous rachis led me to temporarily regard the form in hand, which should, perhaps, be separated from the com- mon American type, as a representative of the genus Sphenopteris. It may, like the Pseudopecopteris spinulosa Lx.® to which it is related, be regarded as one of the intermediate forms, so far as outline and nervation merely are concerned, between Pecopteris and Sphenopteris. It appears to be very ' FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 192. 2 Traité, vol. iii, p. 500. ‘Hist. vég. foss., p. 300, pl. Ixxxvii, figs. 1, la. 4F 1. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 192, pl. xxv, figs. 1-4. 5 FI. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 65, pl. vi, figs. 141. © Coal Flora, p. 195, pl. lvi, figs. 1, la. MON XXXVII 5 66 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. closely related to the European Pecopteris crenulata, with which some of the material from Mazon Creek, Illinois, is either identical or at least so similar as to seem to justify Professor Zeiller’s remark as to the interest in the occurrence of this type both in Illinois and in probably contemporaneous beds in the upper part of the Valenciennes series, or at Geislautern. Locality —Pitcher’s coal bank, Henry County, Missouri. Loaned by Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. SPHENOUPTERIS sp. | Pl. XXXV, Fig. 6. The fragment represented in Pl. XXXV, Fig. 6, is the only example of this peculiar form in the collection. The shape of the decurrent half- stalked pimnules with sinuate or sinuate-dentate margins is different, I believe, from any yet described. Most of the characters found in the speci- men are seen in the photograph or the detail, Fig. 6a. The rachis is very finely lineate and is bordered in the lateral pinnee by a narrow decurring wing. The substance of the pinnule is not very thick, and is dull, though smooth, and flat, or nearly flat. The nervation is fairly clear, the midrib rather strong at the base, tapering in passing upward and vanishing at the apex. It is hoped that the accompanying figures and notes will facilitate the recognition and identification of the species, whick appears to have been one of considerable grace and beauty. Locality—Henry County, Missouri; U.S. Nat. Mus., 5654. SPHENOPTERIS BILOBATA Lx. ined. The type of this species is described among the unpublished manuseript of Professor Lesquereux. Pending its publication with other similar material in due form, further consideration in this memoir is waived. Locality—Vicinity of Clinton, Henry County; Nos. 5703, 5704, Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus. OLIGOCARPIA Goeppert, 1841. Gattungen, Lief. 1 u. 2, p. 3. OLIGOCARPIA MISSOURIENSIS 0. sp. Pl. XX, Figs. 1, 2; Pl. XXI, Figs. 12, 2?, 3, 4. 1897. Oligocarpia sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, pp. 296, 300. Fronds tri- or polypinnate, lax, spreading, rather delicate; rachis very slender, narrow, suleate above, terete below in the subordinate divisions, -FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE.2—OLIGOCARPIA. 67 finely lineate, dull, flexuous, those of the last order being very thin and sinuate; secondary (?) pinnze alternate, originating at an open angle to the primary rachis and curving outward, close, or slightly overlapping, flexu- ous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, contracted toward the base, and taper- ing above the middle to the acute apex; ultimate pinne: open, often at a right angle to the rachis, alternate, rather distant, flexuous, linear-triangular, tapering from near the base to the slender, narrow apex; pinnules alternate, ovate, becoming crenulate in passing to the pinnatifid stage, distant, open, at a right angle to the rachis in the lower portion of the longer pinnee, obtusely rounded at the summit, with rounded margin on the lower side, the upper side straighter, giving the pinnule an upward turn, attached by the whole or nearly the whole base until becoming pinnatifid, and sepa- rated nearly to the rachis by a broad sinus, which is usually round or squarish, and sometimes slightly decurrent at the lower angle; lamina dull, not very thick; nervation rather coarse, often obscure on the upper surface; primary nerve decurrent, rather strong, striated, arching with the pinnule, flexuous, and forking pinnately at a rather open angle, the lower nervils forking again or even a second time as the pinnule becomes pin- natifid; fructification within the margin, in 1 to 7 round depressions, in each of which appears one or more sporangia, apparently of the type of Oligocarpia, although the characters are obscure. The sterile examples incompletely shown in Figs. 1, 2, Pl. XX, and Fig. 3, Pl. XXT, from Owen’s coal bank, appear to form a fairly distinct spe- cies, closely related to’ O. alabamensis Lx. and 0. Gutbieri Goepp. The gen- eral aspect of the large pinne illustrated in Fig. 1, Pl. XX, will at once be noted as quite similar to the figure of O. alabamensis’ given by Lesquereux. But the latter has the rachis opposite or subopposite, while the pinnules are close and much more open, instead of being distant and curved upward, as in the species from Owen’s. Furthermore, the primary nerves in the Ala- bama type are much less decurrent. The fertile pinne in the large speci- men bear also some resemblance to Oligocarpia Brongniartii Stur2 My reference of the plant to the genus Oligocarpia is based on the strik- ingly similar conformation of the vegetative part and that of other species 1Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 266, pl. xlvii, figs. 1 a-b. ?Farne d. Carbon-Flora, p. 131, pl. lvii, figs. 2, 3. See also Zeiller, F1. foss. bassin. houill. Valen- ciennes, p. 97, pl. xi, figs, 3, 3a—c, 4, 5, 5a-c. 68 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. referred to this genus. I have seen specimens from Morris, Illinois, labeled O. alabamensis, which should perhaps be included in this species. The clearest definition of the fruit dots that I am able to secure on this specimen fails to give any conclusive proof of the generic identity of this species, although the general aspect and the position of the dots on the pinnules are very similar to those shown by Geinitz’ or Schimper? in O. Gutbieri Goepp., except that ours are perhaps not so near the margin. Under the lens the depressions and irregular disklike bodies within are seen to strongly resemble those published in Stur’s photograph of Oligo- carpia Beyrichi? The above description is based on fragments of sterile fronds or those in which only a part is fertile. I have also referred, with doubt, to this species several fertile fragments. The first of these, Pl. XXI, Fig. 4, from Pitcher’s bank, shows a segment of a macerated pinna in which the out- lines of the pinnules are in many instances quite uncertain, although the position of the sporangia is well shown. Here the circular depressions seem either to be vacant, except for a slight mammillate point in the center, or to contain a flattened disk with thickened, rather irregular margin. When viewed with a stronger lens this margin or rim seems to be bordered with large, thick cells, thus appearing to present conditions resembling the fruit of O. Brongniartii as illustrated by Zeiller* or Kidston.’ The specimen (No. 4468 of the Lacoe collection) illustrated in Pl. XXI, Fig. 2, seems also to belong to. Oligocarpia nuissouriensis. ‘The same form is also present at Mazon Creek, Illinois. But’ of the identity of the specimen illustrated in Pl. XXI, Fig. 1 (No. 4467 of the Lacoe collection), I am not quite so sure, on account of the compactness of the pimnules, although it seems to be connected with the sterile forms through the two specimens just discussed. Both 4467 and 4468 show only the upper sur- face of the limb, so that only the inflations above the sporangia or sori are seen. It will be noted that, while in most of the pinnules only two rows ot fruit dots are seen, still, in the lobes of the lower and more pinnatifid pin- nules additional dots make their appearance. It is hoped that this and other 'Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 17, pl. xxxiii, fig. 7. 2Traité, Atlas, pl. xli, fig. 8. 'Farne d, Carbon-Flora, p. 187, pl. lxiii, fig. ‘Fl, foss. houill, Valenciennes, p. 53, fig. 35. ‘Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ix, 1889, pl. i, fig. 15d. = FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE4—OLIGOCARPIA. 69 fruiting forms from our Coal Measures series may be made the subject of a special study. A small and very fragile Aphlebia is presented at the base of the upper pinna on the left of the specimen shown in PI. XX, Fig. 1. Localities —Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5567, 5694; also in a’ recent collection from Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 4468, 5565, 5566, 5696; near Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5719; Lacoe collection, 4467, 4468, U. S. Nat. Mus. OLIGOCARPIA cf. ALABAMENSIS Lx. Although appearing to differ in some minor particulars from the char- acters of Oligocarpia alabamensis as originally described by Lesquereux,! several specimens from Deepwater so strongly resemble others from Hlinois identified by that author as 0. alabamensis that I provisionally refer them to that species, the type of which I have not seen. Locality— Deepwater, U. S. Nat Mus., 5719. OLIGOCARPIA cf. GUTBIERI Goepp. The fragment which I temporarily place among the specimens referred by Lesquereux to this species comprises about three-fourths of a compound pinna, which, though a little larger, has the form and superficial characters of the example from Illinois figured in the Coal Flora.’ The specimen from Hobbs’s bank is, however, preserved in a sandy, micaceous shale that hardly permits a satisfactory analysis of the nervation, which in the type from Hlinois is very clear, the lamina being extremely thin. Still, such traces of nerves as may be seen appear to agree with those of the figured specimen, and although the lamina is dull and black in the Missouri fragment, I think it probable that the plant should be referred to the same species as that from Illinois. The latter, however, as illustrated in the Coal Flora appears to differ from the type of Goeppert® or Geinitz,! some of the details of whose figures were copied by Lesquereux,® by the smaller, narrower, more oblique, and more deeply dissected pinnules, with ‘Coal Flora, vol.i, Atlas, pl. xlvii, figs. 1, 1a-b. ? Vol. i, p. 266, pl- xviii, figs. 1, 2. 5 Gattungen, vol. i (3), p. 37, pl. iv, figs. 1, 2. 4‘ Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 30, pl. xxxiii, figs. 6,7; pl. xxxv, fig. 9. *Coal Flora, pl. xlviii, figs. 3a-b. 70 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. more distant and flabellate nerves. ‘The examination of a number of speci- mens from the same locality as the one figured throws considerable doubt on the identity of the European and American plants. The Missouri specimen is quite different from the form referred by Les- quereux to O. alabamensis Lx., or that described in this report as O. missouri- ensis, being distinguished from both by the form of its pinnee, the broader confluent pinnules, and the more flabellate nervation. It resembles in some respects some of the more slender pinnze of Pseudopecopteris Pluckenetii (Schloth) Lx. Locality Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5570. A ALOIOPTERIS Potonié, 1894. Jahrb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., vol. xiv, 1893, Mittheil., p. xlviii. Abh. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., n. F., No. 21, 1896, p. 24. ALOIOPTERIS EROSA (Gutb.). Pl, XOX, Fig. 65, Pll XXIV, Wig: 3a: 1843. Pecopteris erosa Gutbier, in Naumann, Cotta, Geinitz, et al.: Giia v. Sachsen, Flora, p. 81. 1879. Pecopteris erosa Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p.8, pl. xliv, figs. 1, la, 3: text, vol. i (1880), p. 255. 1843. Pecopteris (Cyatheites) linearis Gutbier (nec Rost, nec Stb., necque Old. et Morr.), in Naumann, Cotta, Geinitz, et al.: Giia v. Sachsen, Flora, p. 83. 1855, Alethopteris erosa (Gutb.) Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 29, pl. xxxii, figs. 7-9, Ta, 9a. ; 1869. Alethopteris erosa (Gutb.) Gein., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 81 (pl. xxi, fig. 11 ?) 1877. Prepecopteris erosa (Gutb.) Grand’Eury, Fl. Carb. Loire, p. 63. 1884. Grand’ Burya erosa (Gutb.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvii, p. 9. 1885. Saccopteris erosa (Gutb.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-F1L., p. 159. 1887. Corynepteris erosa (Gutb.) Kidston, Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 381. 1888. Corynepteris erosa (Gutb.) Kidst., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 43. The illustration of a fragment of a long compound pinna of this species published in the Coal Flora’ gives a good general idea of the long, slender, close, extremely open pinnze characteristic of this species. It also shows the more delicate habit of the American plant, the outlines of which differ somewhat from the European type, which is still inscribed by some authors in the genus A lethopteris. ‘ Atlas, pl. xliv, figs. 1, la. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDEA—ALOLOPTERIS. til The specimen shown in Pl. XXIII, Fig. 6, is of the same character as the large fragment figured by Professor Lesquereux. Some of the slen- der pinne of this type attain a length of 6 cm. or more. The pinnules in the middle of the pinmna often show two well-developed sharp teeth, though the latter are not so cristate as in the preceding species. The small fragment of a young compound pinna seen in Pl. XXIII, Fig. 1, strongly resembles this species; but by its nervation and the develop- ment of the pimnules it belongs more properly to A. Winslovii, next to be described. The rock fragment, from the vicinity of Clinton, photographed in Pl. XXIV, Fig. 3, shows two segments (No. 2386 of the Lacoe collection) identified by Professor Lesquereux as Pecopteris erosa, the larger of which approaches A. Winslovii, while the other preserves the apex of a compound pinna. But although the lateral pinnee on the larger segment are nearly of the size frequently found in the A. Winslovii with which it has been thought it might perhaps belong as a younger stage, they show fairly well the difference in the pinnules and the margins. Tn the American specimens of Aloiopteris erosa the pinnules are broader i proportion to the size of the pinna, and not so constricted; the upper border is much more nearly truncate, the sinuses not so deep proportionately, while the nerves, which are not so distinct in the rather thicker lamina, fork near the base at a narrower angle, and arch, especially the upper branch, rather strongly upward in passing to the margin, approaching in this respect the P. serrula Lx. When the pinnule has three teeth the upper nervil forks again at a rather narrower angle than in A. Winslovii. I have not observed any fertile pinna that seems referable to this species among the material from Missouri. One fertile specimen from Morris, Illinois, identified under this name by Professor Lesquereux, has the same general aspect as the fertile pinnee of A. Winslovii, though the pinne are narrower and the marginal filaments do not appear. It would seem, as in the latter species, to represent more probably Corynepteris, to which genus it has been referred by Kidston.’ Localities:—Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5562, 5563, 5614, 5721; Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus. 5561. 'Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 381. 72 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. ALOIOPTERIS (CORYNEPTHRIS?) WINSLOVII 0. sp. Pl. XXII, Figs. 1-3; Pl. XXIII, Figs. 1-5. 1843. Cf. Pecopteris (Diplazites) cristatus Gutbier, in Naumann, Cotta, Geinitz, et ai.» Giia von Sachsen, p. 80. 1848, Cf. Pecopteris cristata Gutb. (non Brongn.), Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Palieont., p. 915. 1879. Pecopteris cristata Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. §, pl. xliv, figs. 2, 2a; text, vol. i (1880), p. 256. 1854. An Asplenites Sternbergii Ettingshausen, Foss. Fl. Radnitz, pl. xx, figs. 2, 3, 4, p. 42 (pars) ? 1855. Cf. Alethopteris cristata (Gutb.) Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 29, pl. xxxii, fig. 6, 1885. Of. Saccopteris (Alethopteris) cristata (Gutb.) Stur, Farne d.Carbon-Fl., p. 164, 1897. Peeopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, pp. 296, 300. 1899. Aloiopteris, Winslovii D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 487. The doubt expressed by Professor Lesquereux' as to the equivalence of the American form identified as Pecopteris cristata with the species figured by Geinitz* appears to me well founded. Our specimens differ from that figured in the ‘“ Versteinerungen” by the narrower divisions, the nerves originating, as may be seen in the photograph (Pl. XXIII, Fig. 2) of a slightly macerated and abraded specimen, at a much wider angle, straight or nearly so instead of curving, not forking below the middle, and forking once or twice at a very wide angle into short, straight divisions. It seems evidently distinct from that species. In its general aspect and features our plant is very similar to the speci- men described by Ettingshausen* as Asplenites Sternbergii, but, although some of the pinne in our specimens are very much like those seen in Zeiller’s figure of the same species,‘ the detail in this figure, as well as in Ettingshausen’s illustrations, indicates a more slender form, with broader midrib and blunter teeth. Some of Stur’s photographie figures of Saccop- teris Essinghti (Andrit)® are, however, so like the ordinary specimens of our plant, as seen in Pl. XXII, Figs. 1 and 2, that it seems far from improb- able that the specimens he had in hand should be included in the same ' Coal Flora, p. 256. 2 Verst. Steink. Sachsens, p. 29, pl. xxii, figs. 6, 6a. 3 Steinkolenfl. Radnitz, 1855, p. 42, pl. xx, figs. 2, 3. 4 Sphenopteris Sternbergii (Ett.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. ix, figs. 5, 5a, p. 128. °Farne d, Carbon-Flora, pl. lii, figs. 2-6, p. 166. FERNS—SPHENOPTERIDE®—ALOIOPTERIS. 73 species as those from Missouri. But Andrii’s original figures,’ as well as those given later by Weiss” and Zeiller,* seem to represent a plant with more oblique pinnules, comparable to those of Sphenopteris inequilateralis Lx., which are much more dissected. In the comparatively very few specimens from Missouri in which the pinnules have elongated to a length of 1 em. or more the lamina is still but little dissected, and the pinnules, which may be considered as pinnatifid, are constricted but slightly at the base. Imperfect fragments of such pinne are illustrated in Pl. XXII, Fig. 3, and Pl. XXIII, Fig. 4. Were this pinnatifid stage common in the development of the species, we should see many such fragments in the collections mingled with the attending segments of various degrees of maturity, including portions of rachises, 1 em. or more in width, provided on both sides with alternating pinne of the usual form. The relation of the small fragments of a young compound pinna (Pl. XXII, Fig. 1) to this species is shown by both the nervation and the peculiar angular dentition. The fertile pmnz, which seem to have been borne directly on the pri- mary pinne, do not, as shown m Pl. XXIII, Figs. 4 and 5, differ in general form and arrangement from the sterile pinne. The sporangia, which are oblong or oval, .75 to 1.25 mm. long, .4 to .6 mm. wide, rounded at one end and rather obtuse at the other, are borne, in groups apparently, on the lower surface of the slightly reduced pinnules, which are so crushed in the shale as to make them seem entirely covered by the flattened sporangia. In a few cases it may be seen that the sporangia are attached by the ends in round groups, perhaps of 5 to 7 sporangia each, the members of which are sometimes spread apart at the top. The question of the systematic position of the group, including Pecop- teris cristata Gein., Asplenites Sternbergii Ett., Pecopteris erosa Lx., P. georgi- ana Lx., and P. serrula Lx., is one that has perhaps not yet reached its final settlement. Ettingshausen’s Asplenites Sternbergii, to choose a typical example, has been referred by various authors to Pecopteris,* Oligocarpia,® Sphenopteris,° and Saccopteris,’ while other species, no doubt congeneric, ' Sphenopteris Hssinghii Andrii, Vorweltl. Pfl. Steink., 1866, pl. vii, figs. 2, 3, p. 20. 2 Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., 1881, pl. xii, fig. 76. 5 F 1. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, 1886, pl. ix, figs. 1,2; text, 1888, pp. 122, 125, fig. 41. 4+Schimper, Traité, vol. i, 1869, p. 526. *Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, 1877, p. 294. ° Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., 1881, p. 12. 7Stur, Farne d. Carbon-FI., 1883, p. 165. 74 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. have been described as Alethopteris or referred thereto. On the whole, this group of species constitutes a division or section quite distinct from the other sections of the genus Pecopteris, which should either be transferred to some other genus, if that is found practicable, or separated as the basis of a new genus. By most recent authors they are referred to the genus Sphenop- teris, and it would indeed seem that they are most closely related to and congeneric with Sphenopteris Essinghit André, which binds them to Sphenop- teris inequilateralis Lx. Sphenopteris Sternbergu (Ett.) Weiss was placed in the fertile genus Saccopteris by Stur, and Saccopteris (= Grand ’Kurye Zeiller) is regarded’ as identical with Baily’s Corynepteris.” Thus most of these species like Sphenopteris Essinghii have found places in Corynepteris or its synonyms. The close resemblance of the fertile pinnze from Missouri, obscure specimens of which are found in Pl. XXIII, Fig. 5, to the specimens figured by Zeiller® as Sphenopteris (Corynepteris) coralloides Gutb., is at once apparent, even the narrow dichotomous filaments extending out from the slightly reduced limb being similar in both species. This circumstance, together with the demonstration by Zeiller* of the same type of fruit in Sphenopteris Essinghii, leaves little room for doubt that the fructification of our American plant is probably of the Corynepteris type. Our specimens, though badly crushed, seem to confirm this view; but while the sporangia are shagreened and would seem to be grouped in a manner similar to Cory- nepteris, | have not yet been able ‘to distinguish the zone of the thickened cells found in the sporangia of that genus. Localities —Frequent at Pitcher’s bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5551, 5610, 5611, 5613, 5721; Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5609, 5613; Deep- water, U.S. Nat. Mus. 5552, 5689; Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5690; Gilkerson’s Ford. PECOPTERIDEA. PECOPTERIS Brongniart, 1822. 1822, Filicites sec. Pecopteris Brongniart, Mém. mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, p. 233. 1826. Pecopteris Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xvii (pars). 1828. Pecopteris Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 54. ' Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 381. > Explan. sheet 142, maps, Geol. Surv. Ireland, 1860, p. 16. * V1. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. x, figs. 1, 2. 4Op. cit., text,p. 125. 1828. 1834. 1835. 1870. 1876. 1878. 1880. 1885. 1887. 1893. 1899. 1828. FERNS—PECOPTERIDEAI—PECOPTERIS. 15 PECOPTERIS (DAOTYLOTHECA) DENTATA Brongn. (non Will.). Pl, XXIV, Figs. 1, 2; Pl. X¥XV; Pl. X XVI, Figs. 2-4; Pl. XX VIL. Pecopteris dentata Brongniart, Prodrome, pp. 58, 170. Pecopteris dentata Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 346, pls. cxxili, xxiv. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. ii, pl. cliv. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 404. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., vol. i, Atlas, pl. lii, figs. la—b; text (1880), p. 176. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., Atlas, pl. clxviii, figs. 3, 4; text (1879), p. 86. . Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. xliv, figs. 4, 4a; text, 1 (1880), p. 240. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Fontaine and I. C, White, Permian Flora, p. 66, pl. xxii, figs. 1, 2 (3-52). Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Renault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. iti, p. 121, pl. xxi, figs. 4, 5. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., Lesquereux, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. x, p. 25. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., no. 98, p. 60. Pecopteris dentata Brongn., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 488. Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Brongniart, Prodrome, pp. 58, 171. 1835 or 1836. Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 348, pls. cxxi, i838. 1848, 1869. 1869. 1877. exxii. . Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 867. . Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. ii, Pal., p. 442. . Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 58, pl. Xxxiii, fig. 4. . Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Weiss, Aus d. FL d. Steink., pl. xvii, figs. 104, 104a. . Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Howse, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumberland a. Dur- ham, vol. x, 1, p. 89. . Pecopteris triangularis Brongniart, Prodrome, pp. 58, 171. 2, An Sphenopteris caudata Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. i, pl. xlviii ? 3. Oyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 325. . Oyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Goepp., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 26 (pars), pl. xxix, figs. 10-12; pl. xxx, figs. 1, 2. . Cyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Geopp., von Roehl, Foss. F]. Steink. Westphalens, p. 87, pl. xxxiii, fig. 6. . Cyatheites dentatus (Brongn.) Geopp., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 30, pl. xi; pl. xii, figs. 1-5. Pecopteris Brongniartiana Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, 7-8, p. 160. Cyatheites plumosus (Artis?) Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Paleont., p. 365. Cyathocarpus dentatus (Brongn.) Weiss, Foss. Fl. jiingst. Steink. u. Rothl. Saar-Rh. Geb., p. 86. Pecopteris (Cyatheides) dentata Brongn., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 508. Senftenbergia dentata (Brongn.) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. ii, p. 187 (293). 76 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. 1888. Senftenbergia (Pecopteris) dentata (Brongn.) Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 188, pl. i, figs. 21, 22. 1877. Prepecopteris dentata (Brongn.) Grand ’Eury, Fl. Carb. Loire, p. 63. 1877. Senftenbergia plumosa (Artis?) Stur, Culm-Flora, vol. li, p. 187 (293). 1885. Senftenbergia plumosa (Artis?) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., p. 92 (pars), pl. li, figs. 1, 2, 3. 1879. Pecopteris penneformis Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xlv, figs. 1, la (figs. 2, 2a?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 239 (pars, excl. syn.). 1883. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. xvi, p. 184, pl. ix, figs. 12-15, 1888. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 30, figs. 16a-b. 1890. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. Autun et Epinac, vol. i, p. 21, figs. 17a-b. 1897. Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeill., Potonié, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 92, figs. 63 A, B; p. 108, fig. 96. 1884. Prepecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Bureau, Comptes rendus, vol. xcix, p. 1036. 1885. Senftenbergia acuta (Brongn.) Stur, Farne d.Carbon-Fl., vol. i, p. 96, pl. li, figs. 4, 5. 1886. Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) dentata Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xxvi, figs. 1, la, b, 2, 2a-e; pl. xxvii, figs. 1, la, b, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4; pl. xxviii, figs. 4, 5, 5a; text (1888), p. 196. 1890. Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) dentata Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. Autun et Epinac, vol.i, p. 66, pl. ixa, figs. 3, 3a. 1886. Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidston, Cat. Pal. Foss. Pl. Brit. Mus., p. 128. 1896. Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidston, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxviii, pt. 1, p- 205, pls. i-lii. . 1887. Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidst. var. dentata (Brongn.) Kidston, Foss. FI. Radstock Ser., p. 382. Fronds large, tripinnate, quadripmnatifid below; primary rachis large, 5-12 mm. wide, finely trichomatose; secondary rachis 1-5 mm. broad, grooved on the upper surface and finely punctate; primary pinne alternate, at right angles or oblique, often reflexed in the lower part of the frond, usually over- lapping slightly, 3.5-11 em. apart, oval-lanceolate, 18-50 cm. or more long, 3.5-12 em. wide at the middle, somewhat contracted at the base, the sides of the larger ones parallel in the middle portion, and tapering to a sharp point above; secondary pinnze alternate, 6-12 mm. apart, usually overlapping somewhat, the upper ones oblique, the middle nearly at right angles, the lower ones often reflexed and shorter, often flexuous, linear-lanceolate, the larger ones 2.5-6 cm. long, 5-25 mm. wide, tapering to an obtusely acumi- nate point; pinnules alternate, more or less triangular, somewhat arched, generally obtusely pointed or rounded, sometimes acuminate at the tip or FERNS—PECOPTERIDEAX—PECOPTERIS. Madi appearing oblong, somewhat oblique, sessile, contiguous, and slightly connate at the base, those in the middle of the secondary pinnze 35 mm. long, aver- aging about 2 mm. in width at base, the margins generally more or less reflexed so as to make them appear sharply triangular, the laminze arching between the nervils, either entire or with a few rounded, usually indistinct lobes; the lower basilar pinnule of each secondary pinna generally shorter and lobate, sometimes appearing auriculate; pinnules toward the top of the secondary pinnee gradually becoming confluent, passing to the entire or slightly lobed apex of the pinnze; pinnules of the lower secondary pinnze near the base of the frond, 5-13 mm. long, 2—4 mm. wide, pinnatifid, or per- haps pinnate, the divisions being about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, the uppermost secondary pinne with pinnules becoming united and passing into primary pinnules, pinnatifid below in rounded lobes, the succeeding ones crenulate, then entire; nerves usually quite distinct, the median nerve passing to the top, but very slightly if at all decurrent, emitting nervils at a wide angle, the lower nervils forking, the upper ones simple, those of the large pinnatifid pinnules giving off other simple nervils in the lower lobes. Although both Pecopteris dentata Brongn. and P. penneformis Brongn. are recorded as having been found in the vicinity of Clinton, I have not yet seen any specimens that seem to me referable to the latter species. On the contrary, all the examples from Henry County, including the large one shown on Pl. XLV of the Coal Flora, that were labeled Pecopteris penne- Jormis—concerning the characters of which there is much confusion apparent in the identifications in this country—seem to agree well, most of them perfectly, with specimens of P. dentata from France and England. The comparison of our American with the foreign material fully, confirms the views expressed in the remarks on this species in my report on the flora of the outlying basins of Missouri.’ The common and typical phases of the species are shown in Pl. XXV, Fig. 1; Pl. XXVI, Fig. 3, and Pl. XXVII, the details of the nervation being illustrated in the enlarged photographs, Pl. XXIV, Figs. 1a, 1b, or in Pl. XXVI, Fig. 4. A number of specimens from Pitcher’s coal mine are very delicate, approaching the form distinguished by some authors as Pecopteris ‘Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 60. 78 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. plumosa.’ Generally, however, the pinnules are fully up to the typical size, agreeing in form, neryation, and limb with the European species. A few examples, from Pitcher’s mine, show the pinnules rather more crowded, larger, broader, and smoother, the lamina being hardly raised between the nerves. ‘This form, which approaches nearer than the other to P. penne- Jormis, should perhaps receive some distinctive appellation. Although a number of the specimens are fertile, the sporangia are not sufficiently clearly preserved to give any important details as to structure or arrangement. Localities.—Collected in fine specimens from Pitcher’s bank, U. 8. Nat: Mus., 5641, 5642, 5643, 5655, 5738, 5739, 5743;. Owen’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5621, 5742; Gilkerson’s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5740. PECOPTERIS cf. ARBORESCENS (Schloth.) Brongn. - Pl) NXVL Migs 3). Pl XUV ioe 3 SP exo Valle hion Gs Among the material last transmitted by Dr. Britts are several fragments of Pecopteris, the size, form, and neryvation of whose pinnz and pinnules seem to be fairly comparable with those of Pecopteris arborescens as described by Brongniart” and further differentiated by Zeiller.’ Portions of the pinnee as well as the general form of the pinnules present even more strongly the aspect illustrated by Zeiller* as P. cyathea (Schloth.) Brongn., but the ‘Since the preparation of this report and synonymy the writer has had the opportunity to consult Mr. Kidston’s most interesting and thorough elaboration of the Pecopteris plwmosa (Artis) Brongn., as the result of which the identity of the Filicites plumosus with Sphenopteris crenata L. & H., 8. caudata L. & H., Aspidites silesiacus Goepp., etc., is very satisfactorily demonstrated. The specific inseparability of the plant described by Artis from most of the material later described by various authors as P. dentata is also evident. An inquiry into the geologic horizons of the plumosa forms, including 8. crenata, 4. silesiaca, and the fine series from the Middle Coal Measures illustrated by Kidston, seems, however, to show that, in general, in Europe as well as in America the delicate plumose type is more characteristic of lower stages of the Coal Measures, while the more robust type with broader, more obtuse pinnules and a stronger nervation is essentially characteristic of higher beds. ‘The writer is therefore fully convinced of the desirability of retaining a varietal distinction, for the later form, illustrated in this report, whose differences from the forms illustrated by Kidston are quite apparent. The form which I have treated as P. dentata should probably be designated as Pecopteris plumosa var. dentata, the combination proposed by Kidston in 1887, since it appears that P. plumosa (Artis) Brongn. has priority over P. dentata Brongn. The very full synonymy given by Kidston (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxviii, pt. 1, 1896, p. 205, pls. i-iii) includes the Aphlebia adnata, which he shows to be peculiar to Pecopteris ( Dactylotheca) plumosa. 2 Hist. vég. foss., p. 310, pl. cii, figs. 1, 2. 'F1. foss. houill. Commentry, p. 111, pl. xi, figs. 1, 2. ‘Op. cit., p. 119, pl. xii, figs. 1-4. FERNS—PECOPTERIDE.A—PECOPTERIS. 79 nervils seem to be always simple, and the rachis is punctate. In fact, I should have but little hesitation in referring the fragments to the former species were it not for a slight decurrence of the midrib and the distinctly villous upper surface of the fertile pinnules. So well marked, however, are these characters that a definite reference of our specimens to that species is plainly not allowable. Still, not wishing on the evidence of the material before me to add to the nomenclature of this already highly differentiated group, I leave the fragments from Missouri, one of which is seen in Pl. XXXVI, Fig. 3, with a reference that is both tentative and comparative. Considerable difference as to the punctation of the rachises exists between the specimens from different regions or horizons described by dif- ferent authors as Pecopteris arborescens. In the specimens from Missouri a rachis less than 4 mm. in length is provided with rather distant, very open, upward-curving spines, round at the base, and nearly 2 mm. in length. To the form described above probably belongs a specimen from the same region’ labeled by Professor Lesquereux as Pecopteris equalis Brongn. The pinnules in this specimen, Pl. XLIV, Fig. 3, 3°, are, however, more than twice as long as, and broader at the top than, those of one of Brong- niart’s types* which, in verification of Brongniart’s intimation, has been referred by Schimper and Zeiller to P. penneformis. Locality.—Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5588, 5595, 5596. A doubtful fragment which, the nervation being obscure, may belong to P. vestita Lx., is from Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus. 5686. PECOPTERIS (ASTEROTHECA) HEMITELIOIDES Brongn.? Pl, XXXV, Figs 5. Among the hundreds of fragments of Pecopteris from Hobbs’s bank is a single specimen, which, though failing to show certain important diagnos- tic characters with sufficient clearness to make positive its identification as Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., seems nevertheless to coimeide so far with that species in its visible features as to justify its provisional designation by the same name. This fragment, some idea of the outlines of whose pinnz ! No, £873 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. 2 Hist. vég. foss., p. 343, pl. exvin, figs. 1, 2. 80 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. and pinnules can be gained from Fig. 5, Pl. XX XV, represents a segment of a spinous rachis 8 mm. in width, to which are attached three fertile pinnze, the lower surface of which is presented to the observer. The rachises of these pinne are provided with well-marked, distinct, upward-inclined, acute spinous scales. The sporangia, a sketch of which is shown in Fig. 5a, are situated in a row on each side of the midrib, the attachment being rather nearer the margin. The sporangia, nearly 1 mm. long and about .2 mm. in width, tapering to an acute apex, are apparently arranged in fours and inclined inward, so that when compressed they le poimting more or less directly toward the midrib, and covering the greater portion of the pinna. In most cases the outer pair of sporangia are. developed to a very much larger size than the inner ones, the result being that in the flattened, carbonized mate- rial they only are seen. This condition is very similar to that illustrated in Pecopteris euneura by Grand ’Eury' and Zeiller.* In the specimen before me the nervation is obscured by the sporangia, except in the uppermost small pinnules, where the nervils are simple. This character, together with the striking resemblance of the pinnee and pinnules in form and arrangement to those illustrated by Zeiller in the flora of the Commentry Basin,* led me to apply, though not without doubt, the same name, Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., to the plant from Missouri. Locality.—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5594. PECOPTERIS JENNEYI 0. sp. Pl. XXXVI, Figs. 1, 2. 1897. Pecopteris sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. vili, p. 296. Frond robust, dense; secondary (?) pinne alternate, open, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute; rachis strong, rigid, irregularly striate and pro- vided with narrowly lanceolate, acute, upward-curved, scaly spines, leav-: ing, where broken away, rounded scars; ultimate pinnze alternate, open, close, usually touching or slightly overlapping in the lower part of the superior pinn, often slightly curved upward, linear, the sides parallel in ‘Fl. carb. Loire, pl. vii, fig. 3. 2 FI. foss. houill. Commentry, pl. xi, fig. 4a. 3 Op. cit., pl. xi, figs. 6, 6a, 7, 7a, p. 133. FERNS—PECOPTERIDEZ—PECOPTERLS. 81 the lower and middle portions, converging near the top to form the obtusely pointed apex; ultimate rachis strong, broadly canaliculate above, rounded beneath, sparsely punctate; pinnules alternate, close, usually nearly con- tiguous, often crowded, open, generally at or nearly at a right angle to the rachis, ovate when small, becoming oblong, rounded at the apex, slightly irregular, very slightly decurrent at the base, the small pinnules joined for a little distance, with a decurring sinus, the large ones distinct to the base, more or less constricted on the upper side of the base by the decurrent sinus, the largest ones frequently somewhat contracted in the inferior angle also; lamina not very thick, dull, arched near the margin, and marked on the ventral surface by a row of rather distant minute mammillate points in each interneural space; nervation coarse, generally distinct; median nerve rather strong and but slightly if at all decurrent in the large pinnules, depressed slightly, minutely and irregularly lineate, passing nearly to the apex of the pinnule, decurrent in the small pinnules; lateral nerves origi- nating at a very oblique angle, curving at once outward, and forking near the base, normally at a rather open angle, the upper division sometimes forking again in the lower portion of the very large pinnules, im passing with slight upward curvature to the margin, which they reach at an angle of 60°-75°; fructification unknown. In a portion of the specimen illustrated in PL. XXXVI, Figs. 1 and 18, the substance of the pinnules is so macerated that the rather coarse nerva- tion stands out in relief. The conditions of preservation have also imparted a rather greater degree of obliquity to the nerves in most of the pinnules than is seen in those specimens in which the lamina is spread out more evenly in the matrix. The punctations, which are quite distinct in the rachises of the larger pinnee, are sparsely scattered in the fragment of a smaller pinna seen in Pl. XXXVI, Fig. 2. In one of the fragments sent by Dr. Britts we have a segment of rachis 30 cm. in length, 10 mm. in width at the base, and 8 mm. at the upper end, on which the upward-curved, chaffy spines are as much as 3 mm. in length. This rachis is provided with pinnee a little larger than those seen in Fig. 1, or of nearly the size and appearance of those shown in fig. 3, on pl. xiv, of Zeiller’s Flora of the Commentry Basin. Unfortunately this slab is not suited for photographic illustration. The pimnules are generally not so close as in our Fig. 1. The nerves, generally coarse and rather stiff in appearance, usually visible MON XXX VII——6 82 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. on the upper surtace, are always clear on the lower surface, where they are like fine wires, sometimes appearing double, as ina portion of the specimen from which the detail, Pl. XXXVI, Fig 1a, is drawn. The specimens which I have described under the above name belong to the complex of Pecopteris species, among which Pecopteris oreopteridia (Schloth ) Brongn. and P. lepidorachis Brongn. are the most familiar. In fact, I was at first disposed to identify them as the latter species, for, while apparently distinct from the unequivocal type’ figured by Brongniart, in which the pinnules are narrower, the upper division of the nervils in the larger pinnules in most cases forking again, the fragments from Missouri present a general aspect, form, and ,arrangement of the pinnee and pinnules so strikingly like those of the specimens illustrated by Zeiller? or Potonié * as to argue strongly, especially in the presence of a similar system of nerva- tion, in favor of their specific identity. But a more minute comparison seems to show in the American plant a tendency to greater decurrence in the midribs and sinuses; the pimnules, which appear slightly broader in proportion to their length, often contracted on the upper side at the base; neryation distinctly constricted on the lower side also; the midrib rather stronger, and the nervils slightly closer and usually more oblique. In respect to the decurrence of the midrib, the form of the smaller pinnules, the contraction of the larger pinnules, and the nervation, our plant is some- what intermediate between P. lepidorachis and P. oreopteridia. In the latter, however, the upper nervil is more apt to fork again, even in the smaller pinnules, while the rachis is always smooth. Still, the resemblance to that species as generally figured is very strong. Pecopteris Jenneyi* has much in common also with P. densifolia Goepp. and P. Daubreet Zeill.,? but in the former the pinnules are apparently even more constricted at the base, and, ' Hist. vég. foss., p. 313, pl. ciii, fig. 1. Figure 5 of the same plate is also referred to this species by Brongniart in the text of P. lepidorachis, but it is also similarly assigned on the opposite page (312) to P. platyrachis, with which reference the explanation of the pl. ciii agrees. M. Zeiller (F1. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 127) is disposed, on account of the coarsely punctate rachis, to con- sider it 1s perhaps one of the types of P. lepidorachis, although the nervils are delineated as simple. Lesquereux, however, copied this figure in pl. xli of the Coal Flora (figs.5,5a) and gives it as the illustration of P. platyrachis, a species described as having a smooth rachis. *F 1. foss. houill. Commentry, pl. xiii, fig.5; pl. xiv, figs. 1-3. ‘Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 72, pl. v, figs. 2, 2b. ‘The small pinnules of P. Jenneyi are usually rather wider proportionately, with more oblique nervation than in the latter species, as illustrated by Potonié, ll. Rothl. von Thiiringen, pl. vii, figs. la, 1b, p. 68. 6 PF]. foss. houill. Commentry, pt. 1, p. 147, pl. xv, figs. 1-5. FERNS—PECOPTERIDEAI—PECOPTERIS, 83 as in P. oreopteridia, the rachis is smooth, while in the latter the surface is villous. Localities —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5590, 5597, 5598; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 5. Nat. Mus., 5599. PECOPTERIS CANDOLLIANA Brongn.' 1828. Pecopteris Candolliana Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 56. 1833 or 1834. Pecopteris Candolliana Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 305, pl. c, figs. 1, la. 1833 or 1834. Pecopteris afinis Brongniart [non (Schloth.) Stb.|, Hist. vég. foss., p. 306, pl. ¢, figs. 2, 3. 1883. Pecopteris afinis Brongn., Renault, Cours. bot. fos., vol. ili, p. 109, pl. xvii, fig. 6. 1836. Cyatheites Candolleanus (Brougn.) Goeppert, Systema, p. 321. 1855. Cyatheites Candolleanus (Brongn.) Goepp., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 24, pl. xxviii, figs. 12, 13. 1857. Cyatheites Candollianus (Brongn.) Goepp., Meneghini, Pal. Sardaigne, p. 156, | ply 1869. Cyatheites Candolleanus (Brongn.) Goepp., Von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. West- phalens, p. 83 (pl. xii, fig. 3b?).. 1876. Cyatheites Candolleanus (Brongn.) Goepp., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 28 (pl. viii, figs. 9, 9b?). 1853. Pecopteris Candolleana Brongn., Andrii, in Germar: Verst. Steinkohlenf. Wettin u. Lébejiin, p. 108 (pl. xxxvili, figs. 1-37”). 1877. Pecopteris Candolleana Brongn., Grand ’Eury, Fl. Carb. Loire, p. 69, pl. viii, fig. 8. 1880. Pecopteris Candolleana Brongn., Fontaine and I. C. White, Permian Flora, p. 63 (pl. xx, figs. 1-37). 1883. Pecopteris Candolleana Brougn., Renault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. iii, p. 109, pl. xvii, figs. 7, 8, 8 bis. 1869. Pecopteris (Cyatheides) Candolleana Brougn., Schimper, Traité, vol. 1, p. 500. 1869. Cyathocarpus Cundolleanus (Brongn.) Weiss, Foss. Fl. jiingst. Steink. u. Rothl. Saar Rh. Geb., p. 85. 1879. Pecopteris Candollei Brongn., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., p. 84. 1883. Scolecopteris Candolleana (Brongn.) Stur, Zur Morph. System. Culin- u. Carbon- Farue, p. 123. 1888. Pecopteris (Asterotheca) Candollei Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 128, pl. xi, fig. 3. 1890. Pecopteris (Asterotheca) Candollei Brongn., Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. perm. Autun et Epinac, p. 47, pl. viii, figs. 5, 6. The specimen which I refer to this rare species is by its form, the outlines of the pinnules, and its nervation so closely related to the Old World plant that its reference to the same species seems quite justified. 1 Strict adherence to the law of priority requires the use of the orthography given by Brongniart in the ‘‘Prodrome” and the “ Histoire.” 84 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Although the stratigraphic position of the beds near Clinton would seem to be rather low for this form, it has already been reported in speci- mens,’ which seem to me questionable, from beds no younger at Mazon Creek, Illinois, as well as from Mount Hope, Rhode Island. Locality.—Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5653. PECOPTERIS SQUAMOSA Lx. 1870. Pecopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 400, pl. xii, figs. 1-4, pl. xiii, figs. 10, 11. 1879. Pecopteris squamosa Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 7, pl. xxxix, figs. 12, 13, 13a; text, vol. i (1880), p. 235. 1899. Pecopteris squamosa Lx., D. White, 19th Aun. Rept. U.S. Geol. Sury., pt. 3, p. 494. The species from Mazon Creek, Hlinois, described by Lesquereux under the above name is one of the smallest of the genus Pecopteris. It is, as seen in numerous specimens from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, somewhat conspicuously characterized by the rigid, close, narrowly linear, very open pinn, tapering from the base to the slender, acute apex, and the small, narrow, open, crowded, villous pinnules. The uppermost pinnee and pin- nules are extremely small and delicate. The nervils are very open, simple in the smaller pinnules, forking once in the lower part of the larger ones. The specific details of this plant are given with unusual fullness by its author in the Coal Flora,’ and should be carefully consulted by anyone making a comparison of the species with other forms. Unfortunately, illustrations of the ordinary and typical fragments are still lacking. The specimens sent by Dr. Britts from Missouri are in perfect agree- ment with those from Mazon Creek and Cannelton. One fragment of a tri- pinnate frond from the last-named locality contains a segment of a rachis 16 mm. in width, provided with close, linear-lanceolate acuminate pinnz 48 em. in length. The obliquity of these lateral pinnze with reference to the rachis would seem to indicate a position for them in the upper part of the frond, which, in that case, must have been of great size. A number of examples from the same place show the pinnz well preserved in nervation. It should be remarked that while the features of the pinne and pinnules remain the same in both the old and the young specimens, the squamose character is often less obvious in some of the large segments. ' Lesquereux, Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, 1870, p. 401. > Am. Nat., vol. xviii, 1884, p. 922. 3Vol. i, p. 235. FERNS—PECOPTERIDE4—PECOPTERIS. 85 The sori, although insufficiently clear to show the sporangia, are small, situated near the margin, and a little distant. Pecopteris squamosa, which is perhaps intermediate between the groups represented by P. arborescens or P. cyathea on the one hand and P. vestita on the other, is easily distinguished from the other plants from Henry County by the size and rigidity of the very slender taperimg pinni and the small, very narrow, open, crowded, thick pinnules, in which the nervils are usually totally obscured. Localities —Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5816-5818; Henry County, Missouri, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5600. PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA 0. Sp. Pl. XXVIII, Figs. 1, 2,20; Pl. XXIX, Pl, XXX, Pl. XXXI, Figs. 1,2,3?; Pl. XXXII, Figs. 1, 2. 1879. Alethopteris ambigua Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p.6, pl. xxxi, figs. 2, 3 (47); text, vol. i (1880), p. 182 (pars). 1879. Pecopteris clintoni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xlii, figs. 5, 5 a-b; text, vol. i (1880), p. 251 (pars). 1879. Pecopteris vestita Lesquereux, Coal Flora (Atlas, p. 8, pl. xliii, figs. 5, 542); text, vol. i (1880), p. 252 (pars). 1897. Pecopteris n. sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 300, Frond very large, long, tri- or quadripinnate ; primary (?) pinne very c to} 5) } I © ] d long, linear-lanceolate, contracted toward the base, the sides nearly parallel in the middle, acute or acuminate at the apex; rachis broad, rigid, straight, dull, finely but irregularly lineate; pinne of the next order alternate, at a right angle to the rachis below, becoming somewhat oblique above, the higher ones often curving somewhat upward, close, generally slightly over- lapping, especially in the lower part of the frond, oblong-linear or linear- PIPE SINE y , s lanceolate, contracted a little at the base, the sides slightly convex in the middle portion, and somewhat abruptly converging near the point to form an acute or acuminate apex, the rachis being broad and rigid; ultimate pinne alternate, very open, the middle and lower ones at a right angle to the rachis or slightly reflexed, the upper ones frequently nearly at a right angle or but slightly oblique, somewhat irregular, seldom parallel, with a tendency to curve slightly upward, often a little distant, but usually close, and sometimes touching or slightly overlapping, oblong-lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel below and in the middle, rapidly con- verging near the top to an obtuse apex, which consists of an ovate terminal pinnule; ultimate pinne succeeded near the apex of the superior pinne by 86 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. diminishing pinnatifid and simple pmnules; pinnules alternate, open, gen- erally at or nearly at a right angle to the rachis, hardly decurrent except near the apex or in the youngest pinnz, irregular, slightly unequal, seldom parallel, sometimes slightly upward curved, a little distant, close, or some- times touching, oval or ovate, and cut to near the rachis by a slightly decurrent sinus when small, becoming oblong, or linear, the sides parallel, usually uneven, the apex round, separated to the rachis or even slightly constricted at the base by the decurrent simus before becoming pinnatifid; lowest pinnules of the pinna slightly redused, the uppermost pinnules par- tially united with the ovate terminal pinnule; lamina dull, generally opaque or minutely rugose, often rather broadly canaliculate over the mid- rib, arching upward between the midrib and the margin, where it is often flattened to form a narrow shallow gutter; nervation not very distinct; midrib rather strong, sometimes slightly decurrent at the base, faintly lineate, depressed to near the apex in the well-preserved fragments; lateral nerves originating at a moderate angle, forking at a wide angle near the midrib, the lower branch -curving to the margin, the upper branch arching strongly near the midrib and forking again, the nervils passing out nearly at a right angle to the border, the middle nervil forking again as the pin- nule approaches the crenulate stage, those in the lobes of the pinnatifid pinnules being rather close, curving strongly outward, and forking again as the lobes become more deeply dissected; fertile pinnze of the same form as the sterile pinne, a little more distant or slightly reduced; sori in a row, situated within the border of the pinnule or lobe, often appearing as rather large, noncontiguous, roundish, pustular elevations of the lamina on the upper surface of the pinnule, or, when mature and crushed, seeming to cover the lower surface; sporangia oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or rounded at the base, tapering above to an acute point, opening by a ventral cleft, and attached apparently by or near the base in groups of four or more. When the first consignment of fossils from Henry County, Missouri, was received at the United States National Museum, several years ago, I attempted the identification of the species of Pecopteris, but found myself entirely unable to distinguish, in practical usage, the three species described and figured in the Coal Flora from this region. In fact, it immediately became quite plain that not only were the same forms referred to both Pecopteris clintoni Lx. and Callipteridium membranaceum Lx., but it also FERNS—PECOPTERIDEA—PECOPTERIS. 87 appeared that forms belonging to more than one species had been included under each name. Afterwards, when additional collections had come, and the series of allied forms was represented by nearly a thousand specimens, it was evident that a revision would be necessary. Pending, however, the removal of the Lacoe collection to Washington, all further study of this eroup in the material from Missouri was postponed. Since that time the consummation of the gift of Mr. Lacoe’s invaluable collection of Paleozoic plants to the United States National Museum has given me the opportunity to study the magnificent series of Pecoterids therein, including the types of species contained in the Missouri material. Accordingly, in the following discussions of the species concerned, I shall make reference to the specimens identified by Professor Lesquereux, some of which are herein illustrated. Among the collections there are several hundred specimens represent- ing a well-defined species, which is distinguished from the other forms present by the close oblong pinnze, with smooth rachises and very slightly rugose, opaque, nearly smooth lamina in which the nerves are generally fairly well shown. The Tertiary pinnee are oblong-linear or oblong, slightly contracted at the base, the sides nearly parallel, and somewhat abruptly contracted at the top in an acute point terminated by an ovate pinnule The pinnules are close, open nearly at a right angle to the rachis, proportionately narrow, hardly decurrent, and very uneven in their position. The lamina is depressed rather strongly over the midrib and repand at the margin. The nerves differ from those of the other species by their more erect position near the midrib and the more strongly arched nervils, which pass more nearly at right angles to the margin, besides being irregular or somewhat crooked and closer. A large slab containing segments of parallel primary pinnz of this plant, the broad section of whose rachises indicates a very great size for the species, is shown in Pl. XXIX. These segments are interesting from the fact that the parallelism of their position seems to indicate a relation- ship of both the contained segments as subdivisions of a pinna of a still higher order, a condition still more strongly suggested by a section of a fertile frond on another slab. In this fertile specimen a section of a pinnate rachis of nearly the size seen in the larger slab is seen in union at an oblique angle with a still larger rachis, the entire width of which is unfortunately not shown in the specimen. 88 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI, The segments on the large slabs are also of importance as showing in direct connection on the same pinna the acute or acuminate apices of the lateral compound pinnee, some variation in the obtuseness of the ultimate pinne, and, in particular, the presence of slightly macerated portions in which the pinnules are flattened and spread out, in contrast to the well- preserved portions, in which the lamina is arched and broadly canaliculate over the midrib, so as to give the pinnz an Alethopteroid aspect. The superficial characters seen in the upper lateral pimne in the center of the large slab will at once be recognized in Fig. 1, Pl. XX XI, one of the figured types! of Alethopteris ambigua Lx. (No. 3098, Lacoe collection), and the detail of the nervation in the latter (Pl. XXXI, Fig. 1a) agrees equally well. The original (No. 3094, Lacoe collection) of fig. 3 of the same plate in the Coal Flora presents precisely the same features, both in the form and in the details, as is seen in the type of fig. 2, both specimens” being unques- tionable representatives of the species illustrated in Pl. XXIX. The reference of Nos. 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, and a number of other Missouri specimens of this form to Alethopteris was presumedly due to the irregularity of the pinnules and the rather strongly depressed midrib, sug- gestive of Alethopteris ambigua, as well as to the scarcity of the smaller and pinnatifid fragments of the latter species in the author's hands at the time the description was written. The real difference of the nervation of the two species, which will be illustrated in Pls XXVII, XXXIII, and XXVI, Fig. 1a, is indicated even in figs. la and 3a of the plate in the Coal Flora. The same conclusion as to specific identity is to be drawn from the details of No. 3174, Fig. 1, Pl. XXVIII, which was one of the types used in Professor Lesquereux’s original description of P. clintoni. No. 3179 and several other examples from Missouri in the same collection are also frag- ments of the same plant, being quite easily distinguishable from the other form originally included in the species last mentioned. ~ The pinne seen in Pl. XXX are presumably from the middle or lower portions of the frond. Toward the extremity of the large pinnz corre- sponding to those on the large slab, the rachis tapers quite rapidly, the ' Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 182, pl. xxxi, fig. 2. 2 Unfortunately the original of fig. 3 of pl. xxxi of the Coal Flora is not suited to illustration by photography. FERNS—PECOPTERIDEAS—PECOPTERIS. 89 ultimate lateral pinnee being succeeded by very small pinnze or pinnatifid pinnules. An intermediate stage is seen in the illustration of No. 3179, PL. XXVIII, Fig. 2, while the pinnatifid higher stage is shown in Pl. XXX, and Pl. XXXII, Fig. 1, the enlarged details of the pimnules being given in Pl. XXX, Figs. la-c, though the pinne are often more obtuse. Still lower, however, than the pinnze shown in the large slab, the lateral pinnae become considerably broadened, the pinnules also assuming a crenulate phase, though both the outlines and the details are conformable to the type. The characters of the fertile pimnze, as noted in the above description, are quite uniform. When first appearing in specimens showing the upper surface of the lamina, the sori appear as small pustular, noncontiguous elevations, arranged in a row nearly midway between the midrib and the margin in the pinnules and lobes, which are slightly reduced and rather more coriaceous than in the sterile pimne. In Fig. 2, Pl. XXXI, of No. 3097,2 in the Lacoe collection, chosen for illustration on account of its better adaptation to photography, the sori are expressed faintly through the fertile portion of the fragment. At a later stage they seem to occupy most of the surface of the pinnule, from beneath which, when crushed, as is usually the case, the sharp apices of the sporangia may protrude in a man- ner observed in the genus Scolecopteris Zenk. Pl. XXXII, Fig. 2, shows a fragment from a portion of a frond which is also referable to this species, probably corresponding nearly to the position seen in the large slab, PI. XXIX._ It represents the upper surface of the pinnules, a portion of which show traces of the sporangia. It is very rarely possible to gain an adequate idea of the sporangia when the lower surface of the pinna is exposed, since they are in every case badly crushed. Still it seems fairly certain that the sporangia are usually in groups of four attached by the obtuse base, the upper, pointed, free ends being erect, on which account they are generally broken down or matted in the impression so as to obscure the arrangement. Fig. 3a on Pl. XXXI will serve to illustrate the appearance of the sporangia in one of the speci- mens which I somewhat doubtfully refer to this species, although the view (ventral surface) of the pinnule presented is not suitable for detailed illus- tration. ‘Identified by Professor Lesquereux as Pecopteris clintoni; in the Lacoe collection. 2Tdentitied by Professor Lesquereux as Alethopteris ambigua. 90 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. As IT was somewhat uncertain as to the generic reference of the fertile pinnee, a few fragments were sent to Prot. R. Zeiller, who is preeminently experienced in the determination of carbonized fertile Paleozoic ferns. This distinguished author, who has had the kindness to examine these frag- ments, writes that he considers them as somewhat intermediate between Asterotheca and Scolecopteris, though probably much nearer the Asterotheca type, especially as that is seen in Pecopteris (Asterotheca) hemitelioides Brongn. My own observations lead me to accept Professor Zeiller’s con- clusion, for the sporangia appear to me to be attached by the base, without pedicels, while at the same time they are larger, broader, and less acute than in any described species of Scolecopteris. They appear in part con- siderably like the figure given by Stur' as Hawlea Miltoni. It is hoped that additional details may be brought out in future in the course of a more leisurely study of this and other fertile species in this flora. The original (No. 8173 of the Lacoe collection) of fig. 5 on pl. xlii of the Coal Flora, described as the fruit of Pecopteris clintoni, appears to me to be indistinguishable from the fertile pimnee of Pecopteris pseudovestita seen in many fragments from Pitcher’s coal bank. The oval bodies delineated as sporangia are the protuberances of the upper surface of the slightly macerated lamina over the sori. ‘The sporangia themselves appear to belong to the type described above. It should be noted that the fertile pinnules do not taper as much as represented in the artist’s drawing, nor are the sterile pinnules above so broad and compact. Very good examples of the fertile pinnee of our species are seen in Nos. 3142 and 3127, labeled P. vestita, of the Lacoe collection, while 3140 is typical of P. pseudovestita. However, in No. 3097 of the Lacoe collection, mentioned above, we have a well-preserved segment labeled Alethopterts ambigua in which a portion is fertile, the sporangia being expressed on the upper surface of the lamina. Several other fossil specimens, also labeled Alethopteris ambigua, agree in all respects with the fertile pinne of our species and should be referred thereto. Among the Old World species, Pecopteris pseudovestita is perhaps most similar to the smallest pinnee of P. abbreviata Brongn. In the latter species, however, the corresponding parts are very much larger and the pinnz much more oblique, while the nervation is not so dense. From P. oreopteridia 'Farne d, Carbon-Fl., p. 106, figs. 17b-c. FERNS—PECOPTERIDE.2—PECOPTERIS. 91 Brongn., which it resembles in its lateral pinnze and terminal pinnules, our species differs by its irregular, flexuous, and generally more open pinnee, the irregular pinnules, and the more compact, outward-arched nervils. Besides the differentiating characters of form, texture, and nervation, mentioned at the outset of these remarks, Pecopteris pseudovestita can further be distinguished from P. clintoni Lx. and P. vestita Lx. by the irregularity of the pimne and pinnules, the latter being slightly unequal, and the sporangia, which are longer and more pointed than in P. elintoni, and much broader, more crowded, and larger than P. vestita. The most. striking distinctions for our species, however, are the obtuseness of the lateral pine, the smooth rachis, the absetice of villosity in the sterile pinnze, and the quite different nervation. Localities —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5644, 5648, 5725, HOT LOnOMOO, DGls DCS. nOMOOmolOon lOO. ole I4e DIO boOOs 5809; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5778, 5789. Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5777, 5783, 5793?, 5797?, 5798, 5801; Henry County, Mis- souri, Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 8098, 8097, 3174, 3179; Deep- water, U. S. Nat. Mus., 57792. PECOPTERIS VESTITA Lx. Pl. XXXII, Figs. 1-6; Pl. XX VI, Vig. 1. 1879. Pecopteris vestita Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xliii, figs. 1-7 (5?); text, vol. i (1880), p. 252 (pars). 1883. Pecopteris vestita Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2, pl. xiv, figs. lias 1889. Pecopteris vestita Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 612, text fig. Frond rather large, spreading, somewhat dense; primary (?) pinnz lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly lax; rachis rather slender, slightly flexed at the bases of the secondary pinne, sparsely punctate; secondary pinne alternate, open, the lower ones at a right angle to the rachis or reflexed, the upper ones somewhat oblique, usually touching or overlapping a little, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the rachis being rather slender, straight or slightly curved, generally rigid, slightly rounded on the dorsal side, minutely lineate, with rather distant and not very large punctations; ultimate pinne alternate, very open, the lower ones slightly reflexed, close or touching, the upper ones becoming more distant, but slightly decurrent, oblong, or oblong-triangular when small, becoming lanceolate-triangular and 92 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. very long linear-triangular when large, tapermg nearly the whole length, the sides converging rather more rapidly in approaching the rather slender tip; ultimate rachis slightly terete beneath, suleate on the ventral surface, rather slender, rigid, or slightly curved; pinnules alternate, close, usually nearly touching, sometimes a little distant, open, the lower ones nearly at a right angle to the rachis, decurrent; when young, oval, curving outward, and connected halfway up, becoming oblong or oblong-ovate, narrowing slightly from the base up toward the obtusely rounded tip, separated to near the rachis by a very narrow decurrent sinus that cuts to near the mid- rib on the upper side of the largest pinnules; lamina of moderate thickness, depressed over the midrib, arched slightly backward at the margins, nar- rowly decurrent from the bases of the pimnules, either rather densely covered with short scales or scaly hairs lying parallel to the nervation, or, when macerated, appearing brownish or transparent, the scaly covering usually remaining, however, in portions of the specimen; nervation clear on the dorsal surface of the pinnule, or more or less distinct in the macerated specimens; midrib rather slender, more or less decurrent, and tapering to near the apex of the larger pinnules; lateral nerves fine, originating at a rather wide angle and either, in the smallest pinnules, turning upward, simple, or, in the larger pinnules, forking near the base, and passing, with slight curvature, quite obliquely to the margin, the upper branch forking again in the largest simple pinnules; fructification in small sori situated a little distant in a row a little within the margin of the pinnules or lobes; sporangia 4 to 6 in the sori, small, lanceolate, acute at the upper end, attached at or near the larger rounded lower end. Pecopteris vestita Lx., which was originally described from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, is represented among the collections in hand by a fine series of typical specimens. The species is in general fairly well marked by the long, tapering, slender pinnze, the pinnules broadest near the base and decurrent, the upper surface densely covered by short scalelike hairs or very minute chatty scales arranged parallel to the nerves, which they generally obscure, and the slender oblique nervation. The fossil shown in Pl. XX XIII, Fig. 2, presumably a secondary pinna, corresponds in size and in details to one of the lateral pinnee arranged alternately along a slightly flexuous rachis. about 6 mm. in diameter, on one of the larger slabs. The pinnee in Fig. 5, especially in the upper part, FERNS—PECOPTERIDEA—PECOPTERIS. 93 are comparable to those seen in fig. 6, pl. xliii, of the Atlas to the Coal Flora. In this case the specimen is macerated enough to permit the satis- factory discovery of the nervation over a considerable portion of its area, although in the darker portions traces of the villosity are expressed on this, the dorsal, aspect. The lowest pinnules of the fragment are slightly crenu- late, representing the beginning of the transition to the pinnatifid stage illustrated in Fig. 2, the further development of which is seen in Fig. 3, Pl. XXVI. The phase shown in Fig. 2, Pl. XX XIII, is the most common aspect of the fragments in the collections. Specimens with pinnatifid pinnules as small as those shown in fig. 7 of the plate in the Coal Flora are very rare in the collection. In Fig: 4, Pl. XX XIII, are shown the small lateral pinnze of a villous fragment in which the course of the nerves can be dimly discerned among the crowded scalelike hairs. Simple pinnee of the type seen in Fig. 1, Pl. XXXITI, and Fig. 6 or Fig. 7, are not rare in the collection. In the last figure, which is somewhat suggestive of Pecopteris arborescens Brongn., the position of the immature sori is indicated on the upper surface by a row of small, rather distant points on either side of the midrib. Fertile pinnee of Pecopteris vestita are not rare in the recent collections from Henry County, though I have seen none that show the details of the sporangia structure. As noted in the descriptions, the groups of sporangia are a little distant and well within the margin. The sporangia, which are somewhat smaller than in P. pseudovestita, are usually four to the sorus, oval-lanceolate, acute, about 1 mm. long and .4 mm. wide in the lower part From their deep-seated position on the lamina and the apparent absence of pedicels, I am inclined to regard them as referable to the Asterotheca type. A number of specimens of the form described above, identified as this species by Lesquereux, are in the Lacoe collection, Nos. 3141 and 3146 being among the clearest and best. Many fertile fragments labeled as this species by Professor Lesquereux should be referred to Pecopteris pseudovestita, as is remarked in the discussion of that species. Pecopteris vestita may nearly always be quite easily distinguished from P. pseudovestita by the more slender, more rigid, and much more tapering pinne, hardly contracted at the base; by the much more regular, parallel, and decurrent pinnules, tapermg more from the base upward, with apices not so rounded; by the lamina, clothed on the upper surface with minute 94 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. seales or sealy hairs, which may generally be discovered even in some por- tions of the most macerated specimens; by the more oblique, straighter, fewer, and more even nerves, and by the rather more distant sori and the smaller sporangia. From the form described by Lesquereux from Mazon Creek, Illinois, and from other localities as ‘““Pecopteris villosa Bronen.?,” to which it is more closely related than to: any other species, the Missouri plant seems to differ by the less robust pinnee, the more decurrent pimnules, and the more oblique nervation in the pinnatifid pinnules. The rachis in the plant so common at Mazon Creek is rather more densely and conspicu- ously punctate. The Lacoe collection contains examples from the Radstock coal field and the Forest of Dean, in England, which seem hardly separable from the forms identified by Lesquereux as ‘“Pecopteris villosa Brongn.?” P. vestita differs from P. clintoni by its smaller size, more acute lateral pinne, narrower and much more regular pinnules, not narrowed at the base, rather closer and a little coarser nervation, and its small, acute sporangia. Localities—Most common at Owen's coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5646, 5647, 5683, 5684, 5685, 5688, 5745, 5754, 5755, 5758, 5760, 5766, 5767, 70, 5773, 5808, 5822; Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5746, 5748, 758, 5765, 5769, 5771, 5773?,.5774; Pitcher’s bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5TAT, 5752, 5753, 5756?, 5759, 5761, 5762, 5763, 5768; Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5656, 5749, 5757. PECOPTERIS CLINTONI Lx. TDL NOI Ely NOOO, Integy, 2 1879. Pecopteris Clintoni Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 8, pl. xlii, figs. 1-3, 3a, 4, 4a (non figs. 5, 5a—b); text, vol. i (1880), p. 251 (pars). 1879. Callipteridium membranaceum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pl. xxvii, a figs. 5, 5a (non figs. 6, 7, 8); text, vol. i (1880), p. 172 (pars). Frond large, tri- or polypinnate; secondary (?) pinnze lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, lax, somewhat polymorphous, and provided near the apex with confluent pinnatifid pinnules; rachis broad, lineate, flat, lax; lateral pinnze alternate, open, at a right angle to the rachis at the base, becoming oblique above, generally rather distant, sometimes close or con- tiguous, irregular, lax, flexuous, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, the iower ones often slender and acute, the upper ones more obtuse; pinnules alternate, very open in the middle, generally close, often contiguous, decurrent, poly- FERNS—PECOPTERIDE4—PECOPTERIS. 95 morphous, oval, ovate or oblong, obtuse, sometimes irregularly lobed when becoming pinnatifid, connate for some distance, especially in the younger pinne, dissected by a narrow, deeply decurrent sinus when large; lamina rather thin, villous, generally flat, or nearly so; nervation usually obscure; median nerve more or less decurrent, strong at the base, and vanishing’ in the upper part of the pinnule; nervils distant, fine, originating at a rather narrow angle, forking once near the base, the upper branch, sometimes both branches in the larger pinnules, forking again, and passing very obliquely to the margin; sporangia oval, averaging .5 mm. in length and .4 mm. in width, arranged 5 to 7 in the sorus, which, when crushed, nearly covers the lower surtace of the pinnule. This species as described and illustrated by Lesquereux’ is not infre- quent in the Missouri material, especially in that from Hobbs’s coal bank. In these specimens, as well as in the many examples from this region in the Lacoe collection labeled with this name by Lesquereux, the most striking features which appear on first glancing at the specimens are the variability in the size of the pinnz and pinnules, the lax and the irregular attitude of the pinnze, and the frequent occurrence of a heteromorphous development near the apices of some of the pinne2 In many specimens this is much more marked than is shown in the specimen given in fig. 1 of the plate in the Coal Flora. The decurrent bases of the pinnules, forming a marginal wing even in the larger pinnules, and the degree of the conna- tion of the pinnules in the smaller pinnz, are suggestive of a Sphenopterid relation. In some of the examples, like that illustrated, Pl. XXXIV, the leaf substance is so macerated that it is possible, especially on the lower side, to see the nervation, which in better-preserved fragments, such as the one shown in Fig. 4, Pl. XXXV, is very much if not totally obscured beneath the villous covering. Traces of the villosity are, however, to be seen in nearly all the specimens. A number of macerated and semitransparent specimens of this type, from the same region, were labeled by Lesquereux as Callipteridium mem- branaceum Lx. Among the examples of such a reference in the Lacoe 'Coel bra, vol. 1, p. 251, pl. xlii, figs. 1-4, 4a (not figs. 5, 5a-b). * This, of course, does not apply to the small specimens of the smooth plant with difterent form and nervation, which I haye described as Pecopteris pseudovestita, 96 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. collection are Nos. 3182, 3184, 3185, and 3191, all of which show the form and nervation, as well as the villosity, of Pecopteris clintoni. Similarly, as might be suspected from a comparison of figs. 4 and 6 on pl. xxvii in the Coal Flora, with figs. 4 and 6, respectively, of pl. xlii of the same work, Nos. 3181 and 8183, the originals, respectively, of these figures, fail, so far as I am able to discover, to present an Alethopteroid nervation, and after a careful examination, being unable to discern the nervation delineated by the artist, I do not hesitate to refer both of them to the Pecopteris clintoni. An obscure fertile segment which seems referable to this species is also present in the collection. The flattened sporangia are generally oval, often squarrose, or obovate-squarrose, and usually crowded on the surface of the pinnule. Five, six, or seven are usually grouped in the sorus, the arrangement being apparently about a short central column; but in many eases in which the group contains seven or six sporangia, one of the latter appears to occupy a central position. The cells of the sporangium wall, which seems to open by a cleft extending downward from the apex, are elongated in the direction of the longer axis of the sporangium. As has already been stated, the sporangia seen in the original of fig. 5 on pl. xlii of the Coal Flora are, though obscure, probably of the type found in connection with the Pecopteris pseudovestita, to which the some- what erroneously delineated sterile portions of the specimen seem also referable. Although Pecopteris clintoni presents rarely in the upper pinnee a form similar to Callipteridium membranaceum Lx., it is easily distinguished by the nervation when the latter is seen, as well as by the almost constantly pres- ent villosity. In reality the general aspect of the pinna of this species is Pecopteroid or slightly Sphenopteroid, quite in contrast to the Alethopteroid phase of the Callipteridium. The pinne of our species are considerably larger, more obtuse, more irregular and lax than those of P. vestita, while the rachis is not punctate. The nervation also in P. clintoni is more distant and generally more oblique. With P. pseudovestita P. clintoni is not likely to be confused, on account of the greater size, more open arrangement of the pinne, the much larger, decurrent, polymorphous, tapering, villous pin- nules, the distant fine, relatively straight, very oblique, and more simple nerves, and the much smaller and more rounded sporangia in the latter. FERNS—PECOPTERIS—BRITTSIA. Oil From the closely resemblant species Sphenopteris integra, as figured in German's “ Versteinerungen,”! our species is distinguished by the more open divisions, the pinnules usually not curved so much upward, with bases not so rhombic, while the midrib is not so slender or flexuous. Localities.—Hobbs’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5730, 5732, 5737, 57512; Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5505, 5506, 5729, 5733, 5735, 57502; Owen’s coal bank, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 5608?, 5728, 57381, 5734; Henry County, Missouri, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5823. PECOPTERIS sp. indet. Among the obscure and specifically indeterminate Pecopteroid frag- ments are two specimens showing a delicate, translucent, oblique pinnuled plant, somewhat suggestive of some of the unillustrated examples from Mazon Creek, Illinois, referred by Professor Lesquereux to Pecopteris ser- pillifolia. The Missouri form has, however, the sides of the pinnules more nearly parallel and the nervils more open and forking once in the larger pinnules. The material appears insufficient to justify an attempt at a more com- plete description or comparison. Locality—Owen’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5601, 5602. PECOPTERIS MERTENSIDES Lx. MSS. Another new species of Pecopteris was distinguished and described by Professor Lesquereux in manuscript, which it is hoped may be published at an early date. The quotation of the nomen nudum in this place is sufficient to indicate the presence in our flora of this species, which was named Pecop- teris mertensides. Locality— Henry County, Missouri, No. 4869 of the Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus. INCERTA SEDIS. BRITTSIA gen. nov. Frond (?) consisting of broad, pimnate, dilate, palmate-open, lax-nerved, somewhat fleshy expansions of the rachial lamina, on the upper surface of which are placed the more or less distinctly imbricated pinnules. Type, Brittsia problematiea. ' Page 67, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-4. MON XXX VII——7 98 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. BRI?TTSIA PROBLEMATICA DN. Sp. Pl. XLVI, Figs. 1-5; Pl. XLVIII, Figs. 1-3. Primary pinnee small, oval or round, consisting of a short, broad, lax, flattened axis, from which radiate, distichously, lingulate crenulated thalloid (2?) branches or secondary pinnee, each of which is provided with two rows, one on each side of the rachis, of alternate, denticulate, imbricated scales or pinnules; main axis rather coarsely and irregularly striate, as if to correspond to the course of lax vascular bundles, 4 to 8 cm. long or longer, 2 to 5 mm. or more in width at the base, expanded and relaxed to a much greater width in the middle, dissolving somewhat rapidly at the top, and bordered on either side by a rather thick lamina which extends along the lateral pinne, joining them near their bases; lateral pinne alternate, close, usually somewhat overlapping, the lowest much reflexed, the middle ones at a right angle to the axis, the upper ones becoming more oblique, so as to impart a somewhat radial effect, lmgulate, 1 to 5 cm. long, 7 to 10 mm. broad, slightly narrower at the base, often broadest in the upper part, obtusely rounded at the apex, each pinna composed of a broad, sinuate, bandlike, lax rachis at a right angle to, or but shghtly decurrent to, the principal axis, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, giving off short, oblique branches alternately and regularly at intervals of from 2.5 to 5 mm. on the same side, which pass through and out of the rachial lamina or border close to the rachis to enter the pinnules; border of the lateral rachises continuous with that of the main axis, not very thick, minutely coriaceous, 2 to 5 mm. wide on either side, the margin obscure, apparently broken irregu- larly or crenulate-erose, depressed in shallow pits, or gathered slightly at the vascular base of each pinnule; pinnules alternate, originating one from each of the vascular pits in the rachial lamina, asymmetric, ovate, or obovate- cuneate, 8 to 12 mm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, apparently narrow at the point of attachment, arching outward at first, then broadening and spreading over the rachial lamina, inclined upward, imbricating, the margin incised in sharp or rather broad, not very long teeth; leaf substance of pinnules not very thick; nervation coarse, broad, flabellate from the base of the pinnule in a broad fascicle, the wide strands forking two to four times at a narrow angle and arching somewhat in their passage to the extremities of the teeth. A general idea of the form and habit of this somewhat problematic FERNS—INCERT4 SEDIS—BRITTSIA. 99 plant may be gained from an inspection of the forms shown in Pl XLVI, Fig. 3, and Pl. XLVIII, Figs. 1 and 3. All of the pinne are of the same type and agree in the expansion of the flat axis above the base in the middle portion of the pinna, the surface being marked by coarse, irregular strize corresponding to the vascular bundles which are spread out in broad, lax, sinuate bands in the lateral pinne. The marginal lamina of the main axis is continuous with that of the lateral rachises, forming lingulate expan- sions about the latter. A marked feature in the lateral pinne, however, is the position of the pinnules in a different plane from the lamina. ‘The pinnules originate, apparently with much constricted bases, at alternating points on the lamina close to the rachis, the roundish, pitlke vascular cica- trices, when the pinnules are fallen or removed, giving the general effect of sori or sporangia on the lamina. ‘This character is seen in Fig. 3, Pl. XLVII, or Fig. 3 on Pl. XLVIII, in which, as in most of the specimens, the pinnules are wholly removed and only the marginal lamina is left. It is difficult to determine whether these pits marking the passage of the vascular bundles to the pinnules are actually within the margin of this rachial lamina or not. In a number of cases the broad expanse of the lamina seems continuous around the cicatrice, as though the pinnule emerged from its surface. Nev- ertheless, it is quite possible, and would be more natural, for the pinnules to spring from very deep sinuses on the lamina, whose greatly dilated broad expansions on the same side overlap so compactly as to have every appear- ance of a continuous limb. ‘These expansions, one of which is shown in Fig. 4, Pl. XLVII, not only lie in the approximate plane of the rachis, but they may clearly be traced distinctly separate from the pinnules opposite them; and, although the margins are generally obscure and apparently erose or crenulate, the attachment of the pinnules is evidently quite narrow. The pinnules themselves are borne in two rows on each of the lateral pinne. From the point of attachment, marked by the cicatricial pits in the depinnuled pinnze, they curve outward slightly, then inward so that those on one side of the rachis overlap those on the other side, alternately imbri- cating, the combined expanse of both rows being much greater than the rachial lamina. In Fig. 1, Pl. XLVIII, is shown the greater part of a frond (?) in the lower left of which the pinnules are still in place, as is better illus- trated in Fig. 1a. Fig. 2, the photographic enlargement, 2a, and the details, Fig. 2b, show the double series of broken pinnules still in their normal 100 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. arrangement, the rachis and rachial lamina together with the bases of the pinnules haying been lifted away. It seems probable that these pinnules are somewhat convex, curving out away from the lamina, and that normally they are somewhat raised, oblique to the plane of the rachis. The nerves are broad and flat, forking dichotomously and passing somewhat flabellately into the not very long, rather blunt teeth. It is a noteworthy fact that the surface of the primary (?) pinne in most of the specimens is concave or convex, the ends, the lateral pinne, being reflexed or rolled back from the side bearing the pinnules. Thus in one fragment the lateral pinnee are rolled halfway back, Fig. 1, Pl. XLVI, representing the axial side, while Fig. 2 shows the opposite, sides of the body nearly covered by the reflexed pinnee. The pinnules formerly cover- ing what is now the outer surface are entirely lost. Among the Paleozoic plants thus far made known the form which seems most nearly related to this species is the Schizopteris pinnata of Grand ‘Eury’ or the Androstachys frondosus of the same author,’ both of which have been referred by Zeiller® to Zygopteris, since Renault* had already discovered in the fronds of Schizopteris pinnata the structure characteristic of Corda’s genus. Araucarites spiceformis Germar® has several points of strong resemblance, especially the characters of the axis and the arrange- ment of the lateral pinnee, and it perhaps belongs, as Grand ’Eury and Zeiller have suggested, in the same group. The rachises of both orders in our plant are much more lax apparently than in the examples figured by Grand ’Eury or Zeiller,’ while the rachial lamina, which is so prominent a feature in the Missouri fossil, seems hardly represented in Zygopteris pin- nata, the pinnules of which are lateral, though perhaps not in the same plane, with lax fibrovascular bundles passing out through the limb from the whole width of the pmnule. In our plant, on the contrary, the broad lateral lamina is not striated by the passage of any bundles, the vascular branches beimg confined to the bands which pass from the rachis of the lateral pimnee to the cicatrices seen in the rachial lamina. 1F 1. carb. Loire, 1877, p. 200, pl. xvii, fig. 1. 2Op. cit., fig. 3. °F 1. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 77. *Ann. Sci. Nat., (6) bot., vol. iii, p. 23, pl. i, figs. 12, 13. 5 Flora d. Vorwelt, 1845, p. 81. " Verst. Steink. Lobejiin u. Wettin, p. 94, pl. xxxiii, figs. 1, 2. “PL. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, Atlas, pl. xxxii, figs. 5-7. FEL NS—SPIROPTERIS—CAULOPTERIS. 101 No sporangia appear in any of the specimens of Brittsia problematica, although the reflexion of the pinne, as in Fig. 1, Pl XLVI, is possibly evidence of fertility. The discovery of specimens showing the fructification and the degree of continuity of the lamina about the base of the pinnules is ereatly to be desired. Locality—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5554, 5555, 5693, 5723, 5724, 5811. Additional specimens from the same locality also sent recently by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri. One specimen comes from Hobbs’s bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5722. SPIROPTERIS Schimper, 1869. Traité, vol. i, p. 688. SPIROPTERIS sp. Among the fern fragments from Owen’s mine are three pinne in vernation. These lie close together and are parallel, thus indicating their probable origin from a single frond. The rachises are quite strong and prominently striate-ribbed, not punctate nor scabrous. The characters, so far as they appear, of the inrolled pinne, less than a centimeter in diameter, favor a reference to Alethopteris ambigua, with which correlation the charac- ters of the rachis are in agreement. Locality—Owen’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6174. CAULOPTERIS Lindley and Hutton, 1832. 1820. Lepidodendron Sternberg, Fl. d. Vorwelt, vol. i, fase. 1, pp. 20, 23; tent. (1825), p. Xil (pars). 1828. Sigillaria Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 63 (pars). 1832. Caulopteris Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Fl. Gt. Brit., vol. i, pl. xlix. 1836. Sigillaria—sect. Caulopteris Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., vol. i, p. 417. 1845. Stemmatopteris Corda, Fl. d. Vorwelt, p. 76. CAULOPTERIS OVALIS (Lx. MSS.). The above name, although a nomen nudum, will serve in this report to record the presence in the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri of a new species of fern stem, described in the unpublished manuscript on the Amer- ican Coal Flora, by Professor Lesquereux. Although the specimen is referred by the latter to Stemmatopteris, the details of the scar are quite 102 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. clear and unobscured by ramentum, so that there seems to be no reason why the species should not be placed directly in the genus Caulopteris. Locality —Henry County, Missouri; Lacoe collection, U. 5. Nat. Mus. CAULOPTERIS? ACANTOPHORA Lx. 1870. Caulopteris acantophora Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 458, pl. xxvi, figs. 8, 4. (“ Caulopteris ? acantophora” in expl. pl.) 1884. Ulodendron punctatum L. and H., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 405 (syn.). A number of specimens appear to agree well with this species, first described by Professor Lesquereux from Illinois. In these, however, as well as in the type specimen, now in the Illinois State Museum of Natural History, I am unable to find any clear evidence of any attachment of fossil petioles, such as to warrant its generic reference. On the contrary, in the specimen figured in the Hlinois Report, vol. iv, pl. xxvi, fig. 3, the concen- tric markings on the left appear to be due entirely to slickensides, while the curved zone on the right is extraneous. An examination of a large number of similar specimens from Morris and Colchester, Illinois, fails to show a single scar that, in my opinion, can satisfactorily be regarded as belonging to Caulopteris. The peculiar and characteristic spines of the species are present and clearly visible. It may not be impossible that these remains are the petioles of some spinous Pecopteris, such as Pecopteris villosa, P. vestita, or P. lepidor- rachis, one of which is represented abundantly at both Clinton in Missouri and the region of Morris in Illinois. Locality—Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6272. MEGAPHYTON Artis, 1825. Antediluvian Phytology, Jl xO MEGAPHYTON GOLDENBERGI Weiss. 1860. Megaphytum Goldenbergi Weiss, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xii, p. 511, text fig. 1869. Megaphytum Goldenbergii Weiss, Schimper, Traité, vol. 1, p. 713, pl. liv, figs. 1, 2 1872. Megaphytum Goldenbergi Weiss, O. Feistmantel, Abh. k. béhm. Gesell., (6) vol. v, p- 7, pl. i, fig. 1. 1874. Megaphytum Goldenbergi Weiss, O. Feistmantel, Verst. béhm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 142, pl. xxii, fig. 1. 1879. Megaphytum Goldenbergii Weiss, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 13, pl. 1xi, fig. 4; text, vol. i (1880), p. 349. 1881. Megaphytum Goldenbergi Weiss, Aus d. Fl. a. Steink., p. 17, pl. xix, fig. 112. FERNS—MEGAPHYTON—APHLEBIA. 103 The inscription of this species of Megaphyton in the flora of the lower coals of Missouri rests wholly on the determination of the specimen from Henry County, described and figured by Lesquereux in the Coal Flora.t Although this specimen appears from its description to differ somewhat from the type established by Weiss, it constitutes for the present the American type, and consequently the standard of characters for the species in this country. A small specimen before me, collected by Dr. Jenney, presents a smaller trunk, whose partly effaced and obsure scars may be in agreement with the type referred to above, though the characters are not sufficiently clear to admit of a satisfactory identification. The general facies and pro- portions of the segment are strongly suggestive of the M. approximatum as illustrated by Lindley and Hutton* and Zeiller2 In fact, but for the obscurity of its characters, which make its accurate identification impos- sible, and the circumstance that the MM. Goldenbergi was found in the same vicinity or perhaps at the same locality, I should have compared the speci- men in hand with the species of Lindley and Hutton rather than with that described by Weiss and Schimper. Locality —The type illustrated in the Coal Flora, and donated to the United States National Museum by Dr. J. H. Britts, is from the vicinity of Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6198. The small, doubtful fragment is from the Deepwater mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6206. APHLEBIA Presl, 1838. 1835. Fucoides Germar and Kaulfuss, Acta Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Cur., vol. xv, 2, p. 230 (pars). ; 1838. Aphlebia Presl, in Sternberg: Fl. d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fase. 7-8, p. 112. 1888. Aphlebia Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, p. 300. 1838. Schizopteris Brongn., Presl, in Sternberg: Fl. d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fase. 7-8, p. 111 (pars). 1854. Pachyphyllum Lesquereux, Proc. Boston Soe. N. H., vol. vi, No. 4, p. 421. 1858. Pachyphyllum Lesquereux, in H. D. Rogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 863. 1869. Rhacophyllum Schimper, Traité pal. vég., vol. i, p. 684. 1Vol. i, p. 349, pl. 1xi, fig. 4. 2 Fossil Fl. Gr. Brit., vol. ii, pl. exvi. 31, foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, p. 310, pl. lii, fig. 1. 104 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. APHLEBIA HAMULOSA (Lx.). 1879. Rhacophyllum hamulosum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. lviii, fig. 3; text, vol. i (1880), p. 321. The type specimen, No. 9445 of the Lacoe collection, illustrated in the Coal Flora, is the only example of this curious species that I have seen from Missouri. In form it is somewhat suggestive of a Sphenopteris of the group represented by S. patentissima Ett. This similarity is more apparent in some specimens from Mazon Creek, Illinois. The nervation is broad and dense, comparable to Aphlebia spinosa or A. crispa, to the former of which A. hamulosa is closely related, although differing from that species, as was pointed out by Lesquereux, by the bifur- cation of the branches, the recurvation of the divisions, and the slender, long, acuminate points of the lacinee. Locality—Henry County, Missouri, No. 9445 of the Lacoe collection in the U. 8. National Museum. APHLEBIA SPINOSA (Lx.). 1879. Rhacophyllum spinosum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. lviii, figs. 4, 5; text, vol. i (1880), p. 320. 1887. Rhacophyllum spinosum Kidston, Foss. F]. Radstock Ser., p. 309, pl. xx, fig. 3. The main axes and branches of this species are characterized chiefly by the dense, fibrous structure, and the almost totally reduced lamina. The divergent pinnate lateral branches are more regular than in most species of this group, and the ultimate lobules are rendered spinescent by the thick traversing bands of parallel, fasciculate, vascular tissue. One or two of the fragments indicate for this plant a large size, with a well-defined, uniform, and rigid rachis. The specimen from Radstock, England, figured by Kidston,’ although slightly more robust and less fibrous than the specimen from Missouri, seems to constitute another of the many forms in common between the flora at present under consideration and that so excellently elaborated from the Radstock series. The fragments of this species, which is, next to Aphlebia Germari Zeill , ‘Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 309, pl. xx, fig. 3. FERNS—INCERT.® SEDIS—APHLEBIA. 105 from the other associated forms by the narrow, regularly pinnatifid and rigid, thick, fibrous divisions, ending in very slender spinous lobes. Localities.—Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5572, 5573, 5575; Deepwater mine, a doubtful fragment, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5574. APHLEBIA CRISPA (Gutb.) Presl. 5. Fucoides crispus Gutbier, Abdriicke, p. 13, pl. i, figs. 11, 1a (pl. vi, fig. 157). $38. Aphlebia crispa (Gutb.) Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, fase. 7-8, p. 112. 1886. Aphlebia crispa (Gutb.) Presl, Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. li, figs. 1, 2; text (1888), p. 304. 1838. Schizopteris Lactuca Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, fase. 7-5, p. 112. 1855. Schizopteris Lactuca Presl, Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 19, pl. xxvi, fig. 1. 1869. Schizopteris Lactuca Presl, von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 47, pl. Xviil. 1881. Schizopteris Lactuca Pres], Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., p. 17, pl. xviii, fig. 111. 1869. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 654, pl. xlvi, fig. 1 (nec fig. 2, necque pl. xlvii, figs. 1, 2); vol. iii (1872), p. 524 (excl. syn.). 1878. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Andrews, Elem. Geol., p. 176, fig. 317. 1880. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. 1, p. 315 (pars). 869. Rhacophyllum speciosissimum Schimper, Traité, vol. 1, p. 685. 885. Hawlea Miltoni (Brongn.) Stur, Farne d. Carbon-Fl., p. 108 (pars), pl. 1x, figs. 3, 4. 1890. An Schizopteris rhipis Grand ’Eury, Géol. pal. basin houill. Gard, p. 299, pl. xix, fig. 10? The type of Aphlebia, to which the names Pucoides crispus, Rhacophyllum Lactuca, and R. speciocissimum were applied by Gutbier, von Roehl, and Schimper, respectively, is represented by several fairly good specimens transmitted by Dr. Britts to the National Museum. All show the typical characters of the species, the best illustration of which was given by Major von Roehl! Von Roehl’s figure is important not only for its size and per- fection of expression, but because of its representation of the variation between the basal and distal portions in the same individual. Specimens from Missouri, probably belonging to this species, are found among the manuscript material left by Professor Lesquereux under the label “Rhacophyllum Lactuca var. crispum Gut.” The species occurs also in fine specimens over the coal at Buchtel, Ohio. Aphlebia crispa is not difficult of distinction from the other species of 1 Foss. Fl. Steinkohlentf. Westphalens, p. 47, pl. xviil. 106 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. this genus in Henry County, on account of the thick, flexuous, fibrous divi- sions, which, although somewhat deeply dissected, have a slightly twisted appearance, the ultimate lobules or lacineze being more or less fasciculate and frequently approaching parallelism. Localities —Pitcher’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5548, 5549; Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5547; Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5550. APHLEBIA GERMARI Zeill. JEL IOWA, 1847. Schizopteris Lactuca Presl, Germar, Verst. Steink. Wettin u. Lébejiin, p. 44, pl. xviii, figs. 1a, 1b; pl. xix, figs. 2, 3. 1854. Pachyphyllum Lactuca (Presl) Lesquereux, Bost. Journ. N. H., vol. vi, p. 422. 1858. Pachyphyllum Lactuca (Presl) Lesquereux, in Rogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, p. 863, pl. vill, figs. 4, 5. 1869. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 684, pl. xlvi, fig. 1 (non xlvii, figs. 1, 2). 1880. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 315 (pars). 1889. Rhacophyllum Lactuca (Presl) Schimp., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 872, text fig. 1888, Aphlebia Germari Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 289, pl. xxxiv, figs. 1,1’. The most abundant of the forms of Aphlebia found in the region about Clinton appears to be identical with that illustrated by Germar’ and included by other authors as Schizopteris or Rhacophyllum Lactuca Presl. On account, however, of the identity of Presl’s species” with Gutbier’s Fucoides crispus,* first pointed out by Gutbier, the specific term Lactuca was no longer admis- sible. Accordingly, in 1888, when describing the Aphlebie from the Com- mentry Basin, Professor Zeiller* gave to the form published by Germar as the species Lactuca, but which is now considered distinct from Gutbier’s F. crispus, the name Aphlebia Germari. Both Schizopteris Lactuca, including the form illustrated by Germar, and Fucoides crispus were inscribed by Lesquereux® in the synonymy of Rhaco- phyllum Lactuca. ‘Thus the Lacoe collection contains, under the last name, ' Verst. Steinkohl. Wettin u. Libejiin, 1847, p. 44, pl. xviii, figs. la, 1b; pl. xix, figs. 2, 3. 2 Aphlebia Lactuca Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch einer Flora d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fase. 7-8, 1838, p. 11° ’Gutbier, Abdriicke u. Versteinerungen, 1835, p. 13, pl. i, figs. 11, lla. 4F1, foss. houill. Commentry, vol. i, p. 289, pl. xxxiv, figs. 1, 1’. Coal Flora, vol. 1, 1880, p. 315. FERNS—INCERTA) SEDIS—APHLEBIA. 107 a number of specimens identified by Professor Lesquereux, among which Nos. 9389, 9391, and 9392 are of special interest, since they appear to represent the form separated as Aphlebia Germari Zeill. The specimens from Missouri show considerable variation in the form of the frond, though the general outline seems to be lanceolate or oval. The incomplete example illustrated in Pl. XLVI is, however, somewhat remarkable on account of its size and the rather broadly oval or slightly obovate form. The analogies of its lower divisions render it hardly proba- ble that the apex extended more than 10 or 12 em. beyond the present line of fracture. The principal lateral divisions in this robust specimen are hardly so slender or so contracted at the base as in some of the other fragments or in the fine examples illustrated by Zeiller. A well-preserved and nearly complete specimen, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, loaned by Dr. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri, shows the divisions very similar to those in the Com- mentry specimens. There is, perhaps, room for doubt as to the relation of the specimens which I have referred to Aphlebia Germari and the fragment from the same region described and illustrated by Lesquereux! as Rhacophyllum hirsutum. The figure in the Coal Flora, the original of which I have not seen, appears to illustrate a much rougher plant, with rather more elongated, slender, and more distant branches, provided rather sparsely throughout with short bristles or hairs. It may be noted, however, that portions of some of the specimens, including a part of the lacineze of the example shown in Pl. XLVI, are sparsely bordered with small, short, spicule-like hairs, which, though not so regular nor so long as those figured in the Coal Flora, are apparently of the same character as those seen in certain specimens from Rhode Island referred by Lesquereux to Rhacophyllum hirsutum. Never- theless, the latter specimens are considerably more slender, while Professor Lesquereux’s identification of our specimens with R. Lactuca shows that he considered them distinct from A. hirsutum (Lx.) Schimp. The specimens referred above to Aphlebia Germari Zeill. differ from the A. crispa by the less conspicuously fibrous texture, the less flexuous divisions, and the more diffused lacinez. Localities—Pitcher’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5544, 5546; Henry County, Missouri, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5545. ‘Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. lvii, fig. 2; text, vol.i, p. 318. x 108 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. APHLEBIA HIRSUTA (Lx.) 1854. Pachyphyllum hirsutum Lesquereux, Bost. Jour. N. H., vol. vi, 4, p. 421. 1858. Pachyphyllum hirsutum Lesquereux, in Rogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 863, pl. viii, fig. 3. 1869. Rhacophyllum hirsutum (Lx.) Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 687. 1879. Rhacophyllum hirsutum (Lx.) Schimp., Lesqnereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. lvii, fig. 2; text, vol. i, (1880), p. 318. 1889. Rhacophyllum hirsutum (Lx.) Schimp., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 871, text fig. Among the collections from Missouri now in the National Museum or the Geological Survey, I have seen no example that seems satisfactorily referable to this species, which has thus far, I believe, been known from this region only by the fragment illustrated in fig. 2, pl. lvii, of the Coal Fiora. The differences in the proportionate length, flexuosity, mode of division, and width of the ultimate divisions between the figure above referred to and the original type figured’ from a high coal in the southern anthracite field in Pennsylvania are somewhat striking, and, notwith- standing the known variations within the same frond in this genus, may, it seems to me, reasonably be considered as of at least varietal importance. In my remarks on Aphlebia Germari 1 have referred to occasional smaller, sparse, spicule-like bristles found in portions of some of the specimens of that species. It is not improbable that some form of villosity may have existed in several of our species of Aphlebia. Pachyphyllum affine Lx.,? inscribed by Lesquereux® in the synonymy of Rhachophyllum hirsutum, appears by its more ‘slender falcate, acute lobules, traversed by a distinct central strand, to be more harmoniously referable to the Pachyphyllum fimbriatum of the same author.* Locality—Henry County, Missouri, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5520. APHLEBIA cf. FILICIFORMIS (Gutb.) Sterzel. Many paleobotanists, including Geinitz,° Schimper,’ Lesquereux,’ and Kidston,’ have agreed in referring the specimens published by Gutbier as 1 Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, 1858, p. 863, pl. viii, fig. 3. 2 Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, pl. viii, fig. 1. 3Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 318. 4Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, pl. viii, fig. 2. 5Verst. Steinkohlenform. Sachsen, 1855, p. 19, pl. xxv, figs. 11-14. 6Traité pal. vég., vol. i, 1869, p. 685. 7Coal Flora, vol. i, 1880, p. 316. 8Foss. Flora Radstock Series: Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, 1887, p. 388. FERNS—INCERTA) SEDIS—APHLEBIA. 109 Fucoides filiciformis' and by Presl* as Rhodea Gutbieriana to the same species, for the designation of which Geinitz, while including several other forms, employed the name given by Presl. To the writer it seems highly improb- able that all, even among the figures given by Gutbier, Geinitz, or Schimper under these two names, really represent but a single species. Certainly the differences between figs. 6 and 7 on pl. i of Gutbier’s “ Abdriicke,” on the one hand, and fig. 14, or even fig. 13, on pl. xxv of the ‘ Versteinerungen,” on the other, are very striking if not specific. Accordingly, it has seemed best to treat the illustrations included under the specific designation filiciformis Gutb. or Gutbieriana Presl as belonging to a group with which I have com- pared the American specimens in hand. The latter agree most closely with the fig. 13 of the “Abdriicke,” though not so scaly along the axis, or figs. 11 and 12 in the “ Verstemerungen.”? Lesquereux* recognized fig. 14 (Fucoides crenatus Gutb.) in the ‘“Abdriicke,” and fig. 13 in the ‘“Versteinerungen,” as representatives of a variety ‘‘Gutbierianum,” between which and the normal Rhacophyllum filici- forme there were no intermediate forms. Many of the specimens in the Lacoe collection identified by him as the latter species or its variety Gut- bierranum are closely, perhaps inseparably, related to others in Rhacophyllun Clarkit (Lx.) Schimp., although the latter should have the distal portions of its broadly connate divisions greatly thickened and fleshy. No doubt, however, the latter species has much in common with the comprehensive Rhacophyllum filiciforme. Specimen No. 9548 of the Lacoe collection, which bears the label “Rhacophyllum Gutbierianum Gein.,” Iam disposed to include with the other examples from Henry County. It seems less improbable that the appellation was simply the temporary, perhaps inadvertent, employ- ment by Lesquereux of the name used by Geinitz, who is cited as the authority, rather than that it resulted from the omission of the specific term, the intention having been to label the specimen as the variety. Localities —Hobbs’s mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5577; Owen’s mine, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 5578, 5580-5582; Pitcher’s mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5579, 5580. ‘Abdriicke u. Versteinerungen d. Zwickauer Schwarzkohlengeberges, 1835, p. 11, pl. i, figs. 3, 6, 7, 8, 13. “Sternberg, Versuch einer Flora d. Vorwelt, vol. ii, fase. 7-8, 1838, p. 111. *Pigs.5 and 4, pl. xlviii, of the Atlas to Schimper’s Traité. ‘Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 316. 110 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. APHLEBIA SUBGOLDENBERGII 0. Sp. IPS XUV oars 1897. Aphlebia sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. vili, p. 297. Frond pinnate, lanceolate (?) or linear-lanceolate (?), membranaceous, rachis broad, rigid, densely but unevenly and finely striate, and bordered by a decurrent lamina; lateral divisions oblique, alternate or subopposite, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute (?) at the apex, somewhat constricted at the strongly decurrent base, pinnatifid; lobules or ultimate divisions very oblique, alternate, lanceolate, obtuse, more or less distinctly outward curved, connate for some distance above the decurrent base, each lobule traversed by a strong, clear, flat nervil; lamina membranaceous, trans- parent, uniting the lobules in the lower portions and decurring with narrow, very acute sinuses to form a narrow border along the main (7) rachis; nervils alternate, a single one passing strong to the apex of each lobe, more or less distinctly dilated in the middle portion, sometimes in the upper part also, and curving in and decurring near the base so as to join the lateral rachises at a very broad angle; lateral rachises strong and flat, broadest in the curve at the base of the pinna, and narrowing in the long descent before joining the main rachis. The specimen, No. 9599 of the Lacoe collection, on which I have ventured to found this species came from the vicinity of Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, and was identified by Professor Lesquereux as Rhaco- phyllum membranaceum Lx. A comparison made with the types of that species’ shows, however, not very much in common except the delicately membranaceous lamina. It differs from the latter species by the well- defined axis in both the main and lateral divisions; the arrangement of the pinnz, constricted at the base; the regularly alternate lobules, which curve outward, and are more deeply dissected and obtuse, and the broad, much stronger, flat nervation, which is simpler and not flabellate. The salient features of our specimen, Fig. 7, Pl. XLVII, are the general form of the frond and arrangement of the pimne, very similar to those illustrated by Schimper* from the type of Rhacophyllum Goldenbergiu 1Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 312, pl. lviii, figs. 1, 2. 2Traité, pl. xlvi, fig. 2, vol. i, p. 686. FERNS—INCERTA SEDIS—APHLEBIA. alal Weiss. from Saarbruck, and especially to those so admirably delineated by Kidston from the specimen from the Radstock coal field.’ In fact, so far oes the specimen from Missouri agree with the example from Pucklechurch that the differences may almost be accounted for as coming within the mod- ifications of different portions of the same plant or as individual variation. The American, like the British, specimen is membranaceous; the lateral pinnee are similar in form and. position, connate and very decurrent; the lobules oblique, alternate, connate, decurrent, each being .traversed by a single distinct nerve; the midribs of the pinnz, too, are curved near the base and pass down a long distance before joining the main rachis. It is probable, also, that the lower lobules may become bifid. But our fragment, which seems to correspond in size, position, and development with the specimens both from the Radstock field and from Saarbruck, differs, as will be seen from the illustrations, from that figured by Kidston by the much broader dilated nerves and midribs of the lateral pinnee, the obtuse lobules, which are considerably larger and recurved, while none of them are yet bifid, and the more narrowly acute sinuses at the bases of the pimnee. Nevertheless, the differences between the British and the American plants are of such minor rank and importance as to seem to justify at most no greater distinction than a varietal separation, if any. On the other hand, the points of difference between the fragment from Missouri and that from Saarbruck, to which Weiss gave the name of Rha- cophyllum Goldenbergii, are obvious from a comparison of the figure given by Schimper. The latter has not even the appearance of being membra- naceous, and is not so described. In the American specimen the pinnz are broader and much more constricted, relatively, at the base, the lobes not so erect and straight, not narrowly slender and tapering and acute. Schimper does not describe the nervation, and the figure seems to indicate a thick and rather coriaceous lamina in which either the nervation is not very clear or it is diffuse. Notwithstanding, therefore, the high degree of variation known to exist in the species of Aphlebia, even in different portions of the same individual, it has not seemed to me to be proper to record our specimen in the same species with that from Saarbruck. I have, accordingly, ventured to assign 1 Foss. Fl. Radstock Series, pl. xxvii, fig. 2, p. 388. 12} FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. to it a new name, although the British specimen, which is in some respects intermediate between it and the German type, is perhaps not more than varietally different. The distinetion between Aphlebia subgoldenbergu and A. membranacea, the only species with which it might be compared, has already been noted. Locality.—Clinton, Henry County, Missouri, No. 9599 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. APHLEBIA MEMBRANACEA (Lx.). 1879. Rhacophyllum membranacewm Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 10, pl. Iviii, figs. 1,2; text, vol. i (1880), p. 312. The species described as Rhacophyllum membranaceum by Lesquereux is, as was remarked by its author,’ somewhat unique among the forms included in that genus. The originals’ of the figures published in the Coal Flora show an extremely delicate, transparent lamina, traversed by the distinct, rather broad brown lines of the nervation. ‘The nerves, which are of varying width, are in some cases slightly fasciculate, one nervil passing to the apex of each very oblique, acute lobule. One of the fragments of this species recently obtained has a portion of the lateral divisions broken away, so that the effect is very similar to the type Rhacophyllum truncatum from the Upper Devonian of the Susquehanna Narrows, above Pittston, Pennsylvania. Aphlebia membranacea is easily-distinguished by its extremely delicate texture and relatively slender nerves from all the associated species except A. subgoldenbergii, which is much more Sphenopteroid, the lobules beg regularly pinnate and recurved and the nerves comparatively stronger. Localities.—Henry County, Missouri, Nos. 9465 and 9466 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5583. APHLEBIA sp. Pl. XLV, Fig. 1. One among the fragments of Aphlebia from Missouri deserves special mention. This specimen, a rather unsatisfactory photograph of which is seen in Fig. 1, Pl. XLV, comprises a segment of a rather coarsely and t=) ? 7 to) d ' Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 318. 2 Nos. 9465 and 9466 of the Lacoe collection. U. S. Nat. Mus. FERNS—MEGALOPTERIDE.BH—ALETHOPTERIS. TS irregularly striated stem nearly 10 cm. in length and about 2.5 em. in width, to the upper part of which are apparently attached a well-developed pinna and one, or perhaps several, smaller pinnze comparable to A. Germari or A. filiciformis. But what is remarkable in the specimen is the circumstance that the large fragment of rachis is somewhat densely clothed with large leaflike scales. The latter are rather thin, not rigid, 7 to 11 mm. or more in length, 8 to 5 or .6 mm. in width, ovate or oblong-ovate, somewhat variable in form, constricted to a narrow attachment at the base, obtuse at the top, inclined upward, and dorsally convex. The ventral surface of these foliaceous scales is marked, when viewed with a rather strong lens, by fine strize apparently consisting of rows of very small, oblong, imbricated, scalelike cells, but no distinct traces of nervation are seen. This striation is more distinct in the scales than in the larger lamina of the Aphlebia. The attachment of the scales is not clear. It is perhaps crescentic, or possibly even oval. No evidence of either a fleshy composition or a flaccid nature is apparent. The specimen seems, on the whole, to represent a segment of a large rachis, perhaps belonging to one of the scabrous Pecopterids, which is rather closely covered with very large, ovate or oval, semi-membranaceous scales, among which several pinnze of Aphlebia seem to have their attachment. The nature of these large scales may be the same as that of the chatty scales seen in the segment of a smaller rachis on the same slab, just above the specimen described. The smaller rachis is like that seen in direct con- nection with the pinnee of Pecopteris Jenneyi. Locality —Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 5727, 6041. MEGALOPTHRIDE A. ALETHOPTERIS Sternberg, 1826. Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xxi. ALETHOPTERIS AMBIGUA Lx. Pl. XX XVII, Figs. 3, 4; Pl. XLI, Fig 9. 1879. Alethopteris ambigua Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pl. xxxi, figs. 1, la, (non 2, 3); text, vol. i (1880), p. 182. Fronds tripinnate; primary pinne rather delicate, lanceolate, acute; rachis rather slender, distinctly striate, slightly flexuous; secondary pinnee MON XXXVII——S8 114 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. alternate or subopposite, open, linear-lanceolate, somewhat contracted at the base, close or slightly overlapping, provided with tertiary pinne below, pin- natifid near the apex; ultimate pinne subopposite, subalternate or alternate, close, rarely touching, very open, linear-lanceolate, very long, usually slightly narrowed at the base, the sides nearly parallel in the middle portion, tapering gradually to an acute apex, 1.5 to 20 cm. or more in length, .5 to 3 em. in width, becoming connate at the base by a narrow decurrent lamina and succeeded by diminishing pinnatifid pinnules in pass- ing upward; pinnules subopposite, subalternate or alternate, very open, seldom touching, irregular in angle and length on the same pinna, 3 to 18 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, but very little if at all contracted near the base, the sides nearly parallel, obtusely rounded or round at the apex, the upper surface strongly convex and bordered often by a marginal shal- low canal or gutter; lamina thick, dull, and always uniting the pinnules at the base, the sinus being rounded, and slightly decurrent only between the largest pinnules; midrib strong, hardly decurrent, deeply depressed on the upper side, broad and striate beneath, and terminating abruptly at a dis- tance from the apex nearly equal to the average width of the lateral lamina; nerves few, very distant, often obscure on the upper surface, more distinct beneath, originating from both rachis and midrib, nearly straight or arching slightly in the larger pinnules, oblique in the smaller pinnules, simple or sometimes forking at or near the base, rarely forking above the middle, and passing nearly at a right angle to the margin, where they number about 30 to the centimeter. A typical example of the mature portions of this well-marked and characteristic species in the fossil flora of Missouri is illustrated by Professor Lesquereux in fig. 1, pl xxxi, of the Coal Flora. As there shown, the irregular character of the open, parallel-sided connate pinnules, with the very distant nerves springing from the disproportionately thick midribs, is well brought out. As remarked in the original description, the nerves of the thick pinnules sometimes appear more numerous than they really are. Frequently the flattened border is not distinct, though it often is so developed as to form a shallow gutter or canal about the margin of the pinnule, as seen from above, or a marginal band as it appears from below. The midrib, which is hardly decurrent, is strongly depressed above, broad, and conspicuously FERNS—MEGALOPTERIDEA—ALETHOPTERIS. 1S striate below, passing, strong, to near the apex of the pinnule, where it abruptly terminates. The nerves, more of which spring from the rachis than is indicated in the figure in the Coal Flora, are often obscure on the upper surface, but distinct beneath, generally arching slightly, and forking at or near the base, quite rarely forking above the middle. A large pro- portion of the nerves are simple, and all of them are nearly straight for the greater portion of their length, usually meeting the margin at nearly a right angle and numbering about 30 per centimeter. The pinnules of all the specimens are somewhat variable in form, espe- cially the basal pair, conspicuous for their irregularity im length, generally arching backward a little, the lowest ones on the pinna sometimes slightly narrowed at the base, but always connected by a narrow lamina. Usually they are near together but not touching, the distance between them being about 1 mm., the borders nearly parallel, the apices obtusely rounded. When first studying this species I was impressed by the differences in the pinnules, midribs, and nervation between figs. 2 and 3 (8a), of pl. xxxi of the Coal Flora on the one hand, and fig. 1 of the same plate on the other hand, the nervation of the former in particular being much closer, more oblique, the nervils often forking a second time, thus constituting con- ditions somewhat contradictory to the relations usually existing between the mature and immature specimens. On subsequent examination of the types of figs. 2 and 3, one of them loaned by Dr. Britts, the others having passed with the Lacoe collection into the National Museum, I found that in the division of the pinnee, in the development of the pinnules, and in nervation these types were Pecopterid—the specimens belonging in fact to Pecopteris. The nervils of the latter, all of which spring from the midrib, are very oblique at their origin, close and arching obliquely to the border, all of them forking once, the upper division forking again before reaching the border, where they are fully as much closer than those of the real Alethop- teris ambigua as they appear in a comparison of figs. 1a and 3a of the plate in the Coal Flora. The midribs of fig. 3 of this plate are found to have been somewhat exaggerated by the draftsman both as to size and as to abruptness of termination. There are, however, in the collections a number of specimens showing the pinnatifid division of the true species, and these, as is seen in Fig. 3, Pl. XXXVII, or Fig. 9, Pl. XLI, present the same distinctive characters 116 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. as the mature pinne. The nerves are mostly simple, never forking more than once, nearly straight, and very open and distant, the midrib thick, and the pinnules very irregular, all tne diagnostic features being those charac- teristic of the ordinary pinne. On the back of the rock containing the original of the figure ef Alethopteris Serlii Brongn., fig. 2, pl. xxix, of the Coal Flora, there is a fine specimen of Alethopteris ambigua, so labeled by Professor Lesquereux, containing the upper segment, about 18 cm. in length, of a primary pinna of the true form. Here we have the long pinne, like those on the left of the type of fig. 1, pl. xxxi, of the Coal Flora, succeeded in passing upward by pinne of the character of our Fig. 3, Pl. XX XVII, while at the top we have the long, slightly pinnatifid and erenulate pinnules, like those in the lower right-hand pinnz of the figure in the Coal Flora. Another specimen, apparently belonging to this species, loaned by Dr. Britts, covers the surface of a slab 26 em. long and 25 cm. wide. In this we have a rachis 7 mm. wide, slightly flexuous, and giving off alternating compound pinne at intervals of 3-8 cm. on each side, some of these second- ary pinne being shown in their entire length. The whole segment comes apparently from some distance below the apex of a primary pinna. Unfor- tunately the specimen is somewhat shriveled throughout most of its extent. That the ultimate pinnz of this species were often long and slender is shown by the fact that it is very difficult to obtain entire specimens, although some incomplete fragments were found measuring 18 cm. or more in length and less than 25 mm. in width. One fragment which seems inseparable from this species presents in the appearance of its flattened border, as well as by its ensemble of char- acters, a striking resemblance to the figure of Alethopteris Gibsoni Lx. given in fig. 6, pl. xxviii, of the Coal Flora, and I am not at present sure that the latter does not represent a specimen belonging more properly to our species. Alethopteris ambigua is easily distinguishable, by the characters recited above, from Alethopteris aquilina, which is, with the exception of Alethopteris Gibsoni, probably the nearest related species of Alethopteris, and the only one with which it is likely to be confused. Localities —Common at Owen’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 3590, 5490; rare at Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 3592, 5488; Deepwater, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3591, 3593; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 3634. 1804. 1828, FERNS—MEGALOPTERIDE®—ALETHOPTERIS. WLC e ALETHOPTERIS SERLII (Brongn.) Goepp. TENG MOSOLOW ANI 15 al Parkinson, Organic Remains, vol. 1, pl. iv, fig. 6. Pecopteris Serlii Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 57 (nomen nudum). 1832 or 1833. Pecopteris Serlii Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 292, pl. Ixxxv. 1837. 1540. 1876. 1836. 1840. 1860. 1861. 1869. 1869. 1876. Pecopteris Serlii Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. iii, pl. ceii. Pecopteris Serlii Brongn., Jackson, Rept. Geol. Agricult. Rhode Island, 1839, p. 288, pl. iii, fig. 6. Pecopteris Scrlii Brongn., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 32, pl. xii, fig. 8. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goeppert, Systema Fil. Foss., p. 301, pl. xxi, figs. 6, 7. Alethopteris Serlit (Brongn.) Goepp., leschemacher, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. v, p. 380, pl. xxxv, fig. wa. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., F. A. Roemer, Beitr. z. Kenntn. n-w. Harz- geb., p. 32, pl. viii, fig. 9. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, 4th Rept. Geol. Surv. Ken- tucky, Atlas, pl. i, fig. 3 (plate not published). Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steinkohlenf. West- phalens, p. 76, pl. x, figs. 8, 9). Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 555. Alethopteris Seriii (Brongn.) Goepp., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea. Geogn., Pal., Atlas, pl. lii, figs. 2a, 2b; text (1880), p. 181. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Fr., Atlas, pl. elsiii, figs. 1,2; text (1879), p. 75. . Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 6, pl. xxix, figs. 1-5; text, vol. 1 (1880), p. 176. . Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steinkohl., p. 15, pl. xvi, fig. 97. . Alethopteris Serlit (Brongn.) Goepp., Renault, Cours. bot. foss., vol. iii, p. 157, pl. xxvii, fig. 7. Alethopteris Serlit (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indi- ana, pl. xii, fig. 2. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xxxvi, figs. 1,2; pl. xxxvii, figs. 1, 1a, 2; text (1888), p. 254. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 189, pl. 1, figs. 31,32. | Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 14, text figs. Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 499. Alethopteris Hannonica Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. xxxviii. Alethopteris Sternbergii (Goepp.) Ettingshausen, Steink.-fl, Radnitz, pl. 42, p. xvill, fig. 4. . Pteris Serlii (Brongn.) Ettingshausen, Farnkriuter d. Jetzw., p. 109. . Alethopteris lonchitica (Schloth) Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel: Handb. Pal. vol. ii, p. 118, fig. 93, 1, 1. 118 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. The general phase of the Henry County, Missouri, specimens of Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp., is already familiar to paleontologists through figs. 2 and 4 given by Lesquereux on pl. xxix of the Coal Flora. Of the many fragments in the recent collections one, probably belonging to a primary pinna, shows a segment of a rachis 11 mm. wide, slightly flexuous, with a moderately thick striated covering of coaly matter, revealing, where the carbonaceous residue is removed, distinct impressions of spines or spinous scales of considerable size passing from the back of the rachis into the matrix. The midrib is irregularly striate in the larger pin- nules. The lower pinnze are pinnatifid, even developing as tertiary pinne, all of the broad, blunt-pointed form referred to above and common in our lower coals of both the anthracite and the bituminous series. ALETHOPTERIS SERLIL var. MISSOURIENSIS 0. var. Pl. XXXVI, Fig. 2; Pl. XLII, Fig. 5. Although the normal form of the Alethopteris Serli is frequent among the fossils from this region of Missouri, the greater number of the speci- mens, especially from one of the localities, which should be included under that name quite uniformly present an aspect or phase more or less distinct from any form I have yet met in the literature or in other collections. The normal form occurs more commonly in a fine-grained reddish- eray shale from Owen's coal bank; and the specimens figured by Professor Lesquereux have every appearance of coming from the same stratum if not frem the same place. The other form is found, with the exception of the ferruginous concretions from Gilkerson’s Ford, in a rather coarse, dark dove or ash-colored shale having a slight tendency to check with a con- choidal fracture in drying. Commonest among these specimens are large numbers of long second- ary (2) pinnee strewn about on the shales, somewhat overlapping when parallel, and clothed generally for their entire length with long simple, rather distant pinnules averaging 2 mm. apart, though frequently exceeding 4 mm., always joined at an acute angle by the decurrent lamina, and gen- erally largest above the middle, and terminating in a more or less obtusely acute point. The aspect presented is much like that indicated in Ettings- hausen’s fig. 4, Alethopteris Sternbergii Goepp., on pl. xviii of the Flora of FERNS—MEGALOPTERIDE4—ALETHOPTERIS. 119 Radnitz. See the résumé on the relations of this species in Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, 1893, p. 23. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIBAX—ANNULARIA. 159 branches of Calamites ramosus. It is frequently difficult to distinguish it from Annularia radiata Brongn., by which name it was formerly usually known. No. 7839 of the Lacoe collection, from Henry County, Missouri, identified by Lesquereux as Annularia radiata, appears indistinguishable from the ordinary leaves of this species. It is possible that other species of Annularie represent the ultimate branches of different species of Calamites. Locality—Deepwater, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5460. ANNULARIA SVELLATA (Schloth.) Wood. Pi. XGXOPV,| Wies 3b: 1699. Apparine densius foliate Luidius, Lithophyl. Brit., p. 12, pl. v, fig. 201. 1723. Apparine densius foliate Scheuchzer, Herb. Diluv., p. 19, pl. iii, fig. 3. 1723. Galium album vulgare Tourn., Scheuchzer, Herb. Diluv., p. 63, pl. xiii, fig. 3. 1771. Galium album latifolium Rupp., Walch, Naturgesch. Verst., vol. iii, p. 117, pl. @, fig. 2. Schlotheim, Flora d. Vorw., pl. i, fig. 4. 1804. Hquwisetum ? Parkinson, Organic Rem., p. 428, pl. v, fig. 11. 1809. An Phytolithus stellatus Martin, Petrificata Derb., pl. xx, fig. 4? 1820. Casuarinites stellatus Schlotheim, Petrifactenkunde, ‘p. 397. 1832. Casuarinites stellatus Schlotheim, Merkwiirdige Verst., p. 5, pl. i, fig. 4. 1823. Annularia spinulosa Sternberg, Versuch, vol. 1, fase. 2, pp. 28, 32; pl. xx, fig. 4; tent., p. XXX1. 1826. Bornia stellata Sternberg, Versuch, tent., p. xxviii. 1826. Annularia fertilis Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 4, p. 43, pl. li, fig. 2; tent., Ds XXxi. 1837. Annularia fertilis Stb., Bronn, Lethzea Geogn., p. 44, pl. viii, fig. 8. 1859. Annularia fertilis Stb., Hichwald, Lethza Rossica, p. 187, pl. xiv, fig. 9. 1828. Annularia longifolia Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 156. 1845, Annularia longifolia Brongn., Germar, Verst. Wettin u. Libejiin, p. 25, pl. ix, figs. 1-3. 1852, Annularia longifolia Brongn., Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. Stradonitz, p. 8, pl.i, fig. 4. 1855. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 10, pl. xix, figs. 3-5. 1866. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Geol. Sury. Ilinois, vol. ii, Pal., p. 444. 1869. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 348 (pars), pl. xxii, fig. 5; pl. xxvi, figs. 2, 3, 4. 1869. Annularia longifolia Brongn., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 28, pl. iy, fig. 6. 1870. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Unger, Sitzb, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-nat. CL, vol. lx, 1, p. 783, pl. i, fig. 8. 1874, Annularia longifolia Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bbhm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 127, pl. xv, fig. 3; pl. xvi, fig. 1. 160 1876. 1876. 1879. 1851. 1882. 1883. 1890. 1891. 1892, FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Anniularia longifolia Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. i, Atlas, pl. 1, fig. 8; text (1880), p. 150. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 51, pl. xix, figs. 4, 5. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pl. ii, figs. 1, 2, 2a; text, vol. i (1880), p. 45. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1879- 80, p. 153, pl. xi, fig. 1. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 126, pl. xx, fig. 1. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2, p. 44, pl. vii, figs. 1, 2. 3. Annularia longifolia Brongu., Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 232, pl. XGKOR Ka 84. Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lacoe, in Lesquereux: Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 706. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 205, pl. v, fig. 29. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 26, text fig. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Raciborski, Rozpraw. Wydz. mat. przyrod. Akad. Umiej., Krakow., vol. xxi, p. 359, pl. v, figs. 17-19. . Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Foss. FI., vol. ii, pl. 124. . Equisetum stellifolium, Harlan, Trans. Geol. Soc. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 260, pl. xiv, fig. 4. ’ DS . Asterophyllites ? Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxix, p. 151, pl. ix, fig. 30. . Asterophyllites, Jackson, Rept. Geol. Surv. Rhode Island, 1839, p. 288, pl. vi. . Annularia, Hitcheock, Final Rept. Geol. Massachusetts, vol. ii, p. 754, fig. 266, pl. xxii. fig. 3; pl. xxiii, fig. 1 (center). . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xii, p. 236. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., Atlas, pl. elx., figs. 2, 3; text (1879), p. 26. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lxi, figs. 4-6; text (1888), p. 398. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Kidston, Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., p. 343. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.} Wood, Stur, Calamar. Carbon-Fl., p. 55, pl. xili/, fig. 5. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, F1. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 398, pl. xlv, figs. 1-7; pl. xlvi, figs. 1-6. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Raciborski, Permokarb. Fl. Karmiowick. Wapienia, p. 7, pl. v, figs. 17-19. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Potonié, Naturw. Wochenschr., vol. vii, no. 51, p. 520, figs. 1, 2. 3. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, Fl. Foss. Autun et Epinae, vol. ii, Atlas, pl. xxviii, figs. 1, 3, 5-15; text (1896), p. 67. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 162, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-6. Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, p. 25. 1868. 1870. 1885. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1887. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIEA.—ANNULARIA. 161 . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Potonié, Abh. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., N. F., Hft. 21, p. 37, fig. 32. - Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Potonié, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 200, fig. 195. - Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Seward, Foss. Pl., vol. i, p. 265, fig. 58D; p. 339, fig. 88. Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn., Binney, Obs. Struct. Foss. Pl. Carb., pt. i, p. 28, pl. vi, fig. 3. Annularia sp. Ferd. Roemer, Geol. y. Oberschlesien, p. 117, pl. ix, fig. 9. Annularia mucronata Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 226, pl. xxx, fig. 10. Annularia Geinitzti Stur, Calamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 215, pl. xvid, figs. 1, 2, 3. Annularia Geinitzit Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 209, pl. v, fig. 14. An Annularia westphalica Stur, Calamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 213, pl. xiiid, fig. 2? Asterophyllites westphalicus Stur, Calamar. Schatzlarer Sch., p. 216, pl. ivd, fig. 4. FRUCTIFICATION. . Brukmannia tuberculata Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 4, tent., p. xxix (Pars?), pl. xlv, fig. 2. . Bruckmannia tuberculata Stb., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 129, pl. xxi, figs. 1-6 bis. . Asterophyllites tuberculata (Stb.) Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 159. - Annularia longifolia Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. i, Atlas, pl. 1 fig. 9; text (1880), p. 150. 17, Annularia longifolia Brongn., Grand ’Eury, FI. carb. Loire, p. 44, pl. vi, fig. 4. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Heer, Urwelt d. Schweiz, p. 16, fig. 22. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. iii, fig. 10 (non Tots - Annularia longifolia Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 126, pl. xxi ¢ oI aI ’ figs. 1-7. . Annularia longifolia Brongn., Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 232, pl. xxxiv, figs. 4-7; pl. xxxv, fig. 7; pl. xxxvi, figs. 1-4; pl. xxxix; pl. xli, fig. 6. . Stachannularia tuberculata (Stb.) Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. i, p. 17, pl. i, figs. 2-4; pl. ii, figs. 1-3; pl. ili, figs. 3-10, 12. . Asterophyllites fruit, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pl. iii, fig. 10. . Calamostachys tuberculata (Stb.) Weiss (non Lx.), Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. li, p. 178. - Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Zeiller, FI. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. 1xi, figs. 3, 3a; text (1888), p. 398. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Renault, FI. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 398, pl. xlv, figs. 1-3; pl. xlvi, figs. 4-6. » Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, Sterzel, Fl. Rothl. Plauensch. Grund, p. 99, pl. ix, fig. 9. . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood, D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 515 (pl. Ixviii, fig. 10?). An excellent suite of specimens from Henry County represents this species, which is more familiar to geologists as A. longifolia. A somewhat extensive summary of its characters was given in my report on the Flora MON XXXVII——11 162 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. of the Outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern Missouri.’ In the material from the vicinity of Clinton is a rock on which one fine verticil of this species includes as many as twenty-seven leaves. Another fragment, from Hobbs’s bank, contains portions of a plant in which the leaves are nearly 5 em. in length. The same piece of shale bears a small Lamelli- branch, but the valves of the latter are unfortunately crushed too much to admit of its determination. Many of the specimens, especially those from Deepwater, show the mucrons clearly developed at the apices of the sha- ereened leaves. In some examples the upper surface of the leaves is well arched upward, the midrib being so faint as to suggest the form named A. inflata by Professor Lesquereux, but on the under surface of these leaves the midrib is in strong relief. It is possible the rugose or shagreened effect is due to the presence of very short hairs similar to those described by Dr. Potonié. I have not yet been able clearly to discern the transpiration zones noted by Potonié on each side of the central nerve. In many of the Henry County specimens the leaves present a lax, slightly flexuous habit, suggesting the phase seen in the earliest precursors of the species in the upper part of the Pottsville series. There are also present a number of strobili, some of which are so broken as to show the characters of the axis, the sporangiophores, attached near the middle of the internode, and the sporangia. A description of the fruit, which agrees with the “A sterophyllites” figured by Lesquereux in fig. 10, pl. ili, of the Atlas to the Coal Flora, may be found in the above-mentioned report on the flora of the outlying basins of this State. The systematic relation of Annularia stellata has been referred to above in my remarks on the genus Annularia. - Localities—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 5484, 5436, 5443; Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5444, 5537, 5586; Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5433, 5445; Deepwater, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5442, 5446, 5538; Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6229. ANNULARIA STELLATA (Schloth.) Wood var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Lx. ? 1884. Annularia longifolia var. angustifolia Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ili, p. 879 (nomen nudum). 1890. Annularia angustifolia (Lx.) Hambach, Bull. Geol. Surv. Missouri, No. 1, p. 83. ’ Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 25. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIEAS—ANNULARIA, 163 Several specimens appear to represent a variation, perhaps of varietal rank, which is presumably that designated by Lesquereux in the list of plants from Henry County, Missouri,’ as Annularia longifolia var. angustifolia. The verticils, which have the diameter of the normal type, seem to be rather fewer leaved, the leaves being more slender and tapering from the middle upward to an acute point. The midrib is quite distinct. In form it approaches very close to A. radiata Brongn., though really bound by its essential characters to A. stellata. At first I was disposed to regard this form as a case of inrolled margins in the latter species, as indeed seems to be the condition in some of the specimens labeled with the name of this variety in the collections of the United States National Museum; but a more careful examination leads me to the conclusion that the continuance of its varietal distinction may serve a useful purpose. Though somewhat larger, it strongly resembles the figures of Annularia elegans given by Grand ’Eury in his most interesting work on the flora of the basin of Gard” The plant listed by Mr. G. Hambach’ as Annularia angustifolia in the enumeration of the Missouri fossil flora is prob- ably this variety. Localities —Deepwater, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5448; Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5447. ANNULARIA SPHENOPHYLLOIDES (Zenk.) Gutb. 1699. Rubeola mineralis Luidius, Lithophyl. Brit., p. 12, no. 202. 1771. Rubia sylvestris Volkmann, Walch, Naturgesch. Verst., vol. ii, p. 117, pl. @, fig. 1. 1804. Rubia sylvestris Parkinson, Org. Rem., p. 428, pl. v, fig. 3. 1828. Annularia brevifolia Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 156. 1849. Annularia brevifolia Brongniart, Tableau, p. 53. 1853. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Newberry, Annals Science, Cleveland, vol. 1, p. 97. 1876. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 51, pl. xix, figs. 6-9.. 1880. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. 1, p. 150, fig. 7. 1880. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel: Handbuch Paleont., vol. ii, p. 167, fig. 127. 1883. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Schenk, in Richthofen: China, vol. iv, p. 233, pl. x1. 1887. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Stur, Calamar. Schatzlar. Sch., p. 223, pl. xvid, figs. 3, 4. 1888. Annularia brevifolia Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 204, pl. v, fig. 14. 1 Coal Flora, vol. 3, p. 879. 2 Géol. pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 201, pl. xvii, fig. 6. 3 Bull. Geol. Surv. Missouri, No. 1, 1890, p. 83. FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. . Galium sphenophylloides Zenker, N. Jahrb. f. Min., p. 398, pl. v, figs. 6-9. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutbier, Isis v. Oken., col. 436. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, Bost. Journ. N. H., vol. vi, p. 415. 5. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 11, pl. xviii, fig. 10. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. li, p. 852, pl. i, figs. 5, 5a. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Roemer, Paleontogr., vol. ix, p. 21, TOL aah, sie als . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 347, pl. xvii, figs. 12, 13. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Unger, Sitzb. Acad. Naturw. Wien, Math.-nat. Cl., vol. lx, pt. i, p. 783, pl. i, fig. 8. 74. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., O. Feistmantel, Verst. béhm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 129, pl. xvii, figs. 5, 6. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houiller, Atlas, pl. elx, fig. 4; text (1879), p. 25. 79. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, Coral Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pl. ii, figs. 8, 9; text (1880), vol. i, p. 48. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Weiss, Aus d. FI. d. Steink., pl. ix, fig. 47. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 133, pl. xx, fig. 3. 2. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Sterzel, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xxxiv, p. 685, pl. xxvii, figs. 1-10. 3. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Lesquereux, 13th Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2, p. 45, pl. vii, figs. 3, 4, 5. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lx, figs. 5, 6; text (1888), p. 388. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Dawson, Geol. Hist. Pl., p.122, fig. 45). . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, Pl. foss., p. 193, fig. 13. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Genk.) Gutb., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 28, 5 text figs. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Miller, Geol. Pal. N. Amer., p. 106, fig. 7. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, Fl. foss. houill. Commentry, vol. ii, Atlas, pl. xlvi, figs. 7-9. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., D. White, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, p. 30. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Renault, Fl. Foss. Autun et Epinac, vol. ii, Atlas, pl. xxviii, fig. 2; text (1596), p. 71. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, p. 340, figs. 89A, B. . Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, 518. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIE4—VOLKMANNIA. 165 1860. Annularia microphylla Ferd. Roemer (non Sauveur), Palweontogr., vol. ix, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 1. 1863. Annularia galioides Dawson [non (L. and H.) Kidst.], Can. Nat., vol. viii, fig. 441. 1866. Annularia galioides Dawson, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., vol. xxii, p. 152. 1868. Annularia galioides Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed., pp. 129, 149. 1887. Annularia sarepontana Stur, Calamar. d. Carbon-F1., p. 221, pl. xiiid, fig. 1. FRUCTIFICATION. 1882. Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb., Sterzel, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xxxiv, p. 685, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-4. 1888. Annularia sphenophylloides Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, p. 340, figs. 89A, B. 1876, An Stachannularia calathifera Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. i, p. 27, pl. iii, fig. 11? 1880, Stachannularia calathifera Ferd. Roemer, Lethaea Geogn., vol. i, p. 157. 1884. Calamostachys cf. Calathifera Weiss, Steinkohlen-Cal., vol. ii, p. 178. The representatives, rare in the collections, of this well-known species are fully up to the average in size, very clear, and slightly mucronate. A portion of a fruiting cone from the same locality has, so far as can be observed from its external characters, the same size, divisions, bracts, and arrangement of parts as the Stachannularia calathifera of Weiss, shown by Sterzel’ to be the fruit of Annuwaria sphenophylloides. Localities —-Deepwater, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5449, 5451; Gilkerson’s Ford, Mus. Reg.; Owen’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5450. VOLKMANNIA Sternberg, 1825, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xxix. Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, 1884, p. 719. VOLKMANNIA PRASLONGA Lx. 1880. Calamostachys prelongus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 59. 1884. Volkmannia prelonga Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 720, pl. xe, fig. 2. A comparison of the single example of this species found in the Mis- souri material with the type specimen from “Coal C” at the Ontario Col- liery, near Pittston, Pennsylvania, leaves little doubt as to the specific identity of these peculiar cones. The Missouri specimen, which comprises about 15 em. from the upper part of a strobilus, the base being lost, is 9 to 10 mm. in width, internodes being 2.5 to 3 mm. long. Both this and the type seem to be provided with short, delicate, narrow bracts, closely impressed upon the verticils of sporangia or sporangium groups. Though 'Zeitschr. d. deutsh. geol. Gesell., vol. xxxiv, 1882, p. 685, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-4, 166 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. the axis and the arrangement of the parts of the cone are not visible, the fossil as a whole strikingly resembles the Macrostachya Hauchecornei of Weiss." Locality.x—Hobbs’s bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5452. CYCLOCLADIA Lindley and Hutton, 1834, 1834. Oyclocledia Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora Gr. Brit., vol. ii, p. 137, pl. xxx. 1868. Cyclocladia L. and H., K. Feistmantel, Abhandl. k. béhm. Gesell., (6) vol. ii, no. 6, p. 5, pl. i. 1874. Cyclocladia L. and H., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bbhm. Kohlen-Abl., vol. i, p. 95, pl. i, fig. 8. 1855. Equisetites (in part) of authors, Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohlenform. Sachsen, p. 3, pl. x, fig. 5. : 1869. Macrostachyu Schimper, Traité paléont. vég., vol. i, p. 333 (pars). 1876. Oalamitina Weiss, Steinkohlen-Calamarien, vol. i, p. 126. The stems referred by various authors to Macrostachya or Calamitina appear to furnish an excellent illustration of the similiarity of the trunks in several Calamarian types as compared with the diversity of foliate forms and organs of reproduction. A comparison of the figures and descriptions given by Bronn, Stur, Geinitz, and others under the names Hquisetum, Equisetites, Cyclocladia, Macrostachya, Calamitina, and Calamites, in some of which the fertile spikes are represented as found still in association with the parent stem, shows well the difficulty in distinguishing from the superficial characters of the trunks the numerous species founded on the structure or arrangement of the parts of the strobili, and vice versa. It is hard to avoid the conclusion either that the number of species founded on the spikes is too greatly multiplied or that it is practically impossible in many cases, except from abundant material, to distinguish species of this genus by means of the superficial aspect of fragments of the stems. It is perhaps better to follow the practice of some authors in this group; and of many authors in other groups, of employing different generic names for stems and for cones than to countenance so often the probability of both members of the same plant resting under different specific names in the same genus, or, what is no better, the inclusion of the stem of one plant with the cone of another species under the same specific name. Accord- ingly it may be advantageous to use the terms Macrostachya and Huttonia in the sense in which they were employed by Bronn, Brongniart, and Germar ! Steinkohlen-Calamarien, vol. ii, 1884, p. 176, pl. xix, figs. 4-4a. EQUISETALES—CALAMARI£ A—CYCLOCLADIA. 167 as applying to the fruiting spikes, while some other name, conforming to the prevailing rules of nomenclature, is used for the stem, especially when the particular form of spike exclusively produced on that stem is not yet known. The genus Macrostachya was founded by Schimper’ on the Hquisetum infundibuliforme Broun,’ two of whose figures (representing cone fragments), previously given by Brongniart® as “ Hquisetum,” are again copied by Brongniart in his “ Histoire.”* Recognizing the relations pointed out by Geinitz, in 1855,° of these strobili to stems of the Calamites verticillatus type, Schimper, in 1869, included the stems in his diagnosis of the new genus Macrostachya with two figures of stem fragments,° the better one of which was copied from Geinitz. But most of the plant remains to which Schim- per’s name has been given by various authors are fragments of spikes, many of the stems continuing to be referred to Calamites or Calamitina. The name Cyclocladia, which, it seems to me, should be adopted if any separate designation is used for this group of Calamarian stems, was given by Lindley and Hutton in 18347 to a stem of this type, Cyclocladia major L. and H., from the Jarrow colliery; and this name, as we learn from: both Kidston and Howse, seems to have been applied by the authors originally and exclusively to the same type. Geinitz introduces the figure given by the English authors into his discussion of Equisetites, making C. major L. and H. doubtfully a synonym of EZ. infundibuliforme® In 1868 Karl Feistmantel’ illustrated Lindley and Hutton’s species and discussed the characters and application of the genus. The younger Feistmantel, in 1874, further elaborated the genus and gave additional illustrations.” Thus it will be seen that Cyclocladia has distinct priority in its application to the Calamarian stems to which the Macrostachya cones belong. ' Traité, vol. 1, 1869, p. 333. 2 Bischoff, Kryptogiimische Gewiichse, 1828, vol. i, p.52, pl. vi, figs. 4, 9, 10. 3 Classification vég. foss., 1822, p.90, pl. iv, fig. 4. 4 Histoire des végétaux fossiles, vol. i, p. 119, pl. xii, figs. 14-16. 5 Verst. Steinkohlenform. Sachsen, p. 3. 6Traité paléont. vég., vol. i, p. 333, pl. xxiii, figs. 13, 14. These fragments seem to agree with the figures given by Lesquereux in Coal Flora, pl. iii, fig. 14, and the 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1883, pt. 2, pl. v, fig. 7. 7 Foss. Fl. Gr. Brit., vol. ii, p. 137, pl. exxx. 8 Verst. Steinkohlenform. Sachsen, p. 3. 9 Abh. k. bohm. Gesell., (6) vol. ii, no. 6, p. 5, pl. i. 10 Genus CycLociapra Lindley and Hutton. Caulis articulatus, cortice glabro rarius sensim striato; in articulationibus omnibus tuberculis oblongis (cicatricule foliorum), saepius adhuc cum foliis insidentibus ; in articulationibus singulis tuberculis vel cicatricibus majoribus (cicatrices ramorum).” Verst. béhm. Ablag., vol. 1, p. 95, pl. i, fig. 8. 168 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. However, a new generic appellation was given in 1876 by Weiss' to this group, the principal characters of the genus Calamitina being the same as those already published for Cyclocladia. Just as other paleobotanists had referred to the latter genus as a synonym of Hquisetites or Macrostachya, so Weiss quotes it in the discussion of his new genus, and it is interesting to note that Kidston, who uses Weiss’s name for the Macrostachian stems, in his valuable report containing the results of his examination of the Paleozcic types published by Lindley and Hutton in the ‘‘Fossil Flora,” identifies” the type of Cyclocladia major L. and H. as ‘probably Calamitina varians, Sternb. sp., var. inconstans, Weiss.” But in a footnote Mr. Kidston states that while Cyclocladia “is the oldest name for these fossils,” the type is so imperfect that from it satisfactory generic characters can not be obtained.” This, together with the fact that the name was independently applied to an altogether different class of plants by Goldenberg, led him to conclude that “under the circumstances it is perhaps better not to resuscitate the genus Cyclo- cladia.” Still, although the same name was used by Goldenberg,’ I know of no case in which a paleobotanist has referred the figure in the Fossil Flora to any other group of stems than those included in Macrostachya and Calamitina. Mr. Richard Howse, in his Catalogue of the Fossil Plants from the Hutton Collection,t in which Cyclocladia major, Macrostachya infundibuliforme, Calamites verticillatus, and others are combined with Hip- purites gigantea L. and H., describes five stems labeled as Cyclocladia major, of which the four specimens not figured are clearly of the Macrostachian stem type, all of the five being generically identical, though the one figured is very poor. From the foregoing review it appears (1) that Cyclocladia was the first name to be applied by its authors originally and exclusively to this type of Calamarian remains, and that its generic identity as such has since been generally recognized by paleontologists; also (2) that prior to the founda- tion of either Macrostachya or Calamitina its characters had been described and illustrated, and its generic value as representing the Macrostachian group of stems had been developed. 1 Steinkohlen-Calamarien, vol. i, p. 126. 2Notes on the Palwozoic species mentioned in Lindley and Hutton’s ‘‘Fossil Flora:” Proc. Roy. Phys. Soe. Edinb., vol. x, 1891, p. 371. 3Flora saraepontana fossilis, pt. i, 1855, p. 19. 41888, p. 17. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIEA—CYCLOCLADIA. 169 Under these conditions, according to the rules of nomenclature now generally obtaining in both botany and paleontology, Cyclocladia should have priority over Calamitina or any other name proposed since 1834 as a designation for the stems of this group. It is unfortunately true that con- venience, usage, appropriateness of etymology, or even personality, have had as much influence on nomenclature in paleobotany as in any other allied science. For the use of a dual nomenclature, such as the employment of Cyclo- cladia for the stems of the Macrostachian or Calamites verticillatus type and Macrostachya ov Huttonia for the fruiting spikes, there is abundant precedent in paleobotany, even within the Calamarian family itself. CYCLOCLADIA BRITTSII n. Sp. Pl. XLIX, Fig. 1. 1897. Cyclocladia sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 297. Stems attaining a width of 10 em. or more, divided into short inter- nodes, of which about one in eight is occupied exclusively by large scars; fructification or rameal verticils 2.5 to 3.5 em. distant from border to border, consisting of a transverse compact row of rounded or oval disk-like depres- sions, each 1.5 to 2 em. in longitudinal diameter and about 1.75 cm. trans- versely, provided with an inner cicatrice about 5 mm. in diameter; foliate nodes 7 to 9 in number between two nodes with large cicatrices, 10 to 3 mm. distant, the internodes becoming uniformly shorter in passing upward, and marked by narrow transverse bands containing the leaf scars; internodal surface finely lineate longitudinally; leaf scars transversely oval, not con- tiguous, 1.5 to 2 mm. in greater diameter, 1 mm. in longitudinal diameter, and about 4 mm. from center to center, the central points being punctate or slightly mammillate. The general characters of this species, of which I have seen but a few fragments, can better be learned from the figure, Pl. XLIX, Fig. 1, than from a description. Both the figured specimen and another example are slightly distorted by pressure. T he back of the larger fragment, which shows a portion of a verticil of large scars at the top, preserves the other side of the stem. This back portion has still a third verticil of large scars, 170 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. the entire interval and character of the intervening nodes with leaf scars being the same as on the front of the rock. The aspect of the fossils is much like that of the figures given by Geinitz,’ Schimper,” and Lesquereux’ as stems of Hquisetites or Macrostachya infundibuliformis, though the leaf internodes are shorter and closer. All the cicatrices in the verticils of large scars are of the same size. In the nodal system the specimens are more comparable to the Calamites Goepperti Ett.t (Calamitina Goepperti (Ett.) Weiss*), while the relation to Calamitina Solmsii of Weiss® (Macrostachya Solmsii (Weiss) Schimper") is even more striking. But the leaf scars in our specimens are not so nearly contiguous as in CO. Solmsii or the M. infundibuliformis of various authors, being, in part, disposed like those shown in some examples identified as C. varians, or the Cyclocladia major figured by O. Feistmantel.* The carbonaceous covering is rather thick and finely striated longi- tudinally, though no distinct traces of ribs are present. Kight or nine very short foliate nodes occur between two verticils of large scars. Distinct leaf traces can be seen in portions of the specimens, where they are found to be transversely oval, the longer diameter being about 1.5 mm., while the punc- tate or slightly mammillate centers are nearly 4 mm. apart. In all the verticils of large scars, three consecutive rows of which may be seen on one specimen, the cicatrices are uniform in size, and it therefore appears that either all the large scars for three consecutive rameal, or strobilar, verticils are of the same kind, or that the rameal and cone scars, if both present, are alike and of the same size. With respect to the dis- tance between the leaves in the same verticil and the aspect of the large sears, our example resembles the Calamites Germarianus Goepp. figured by Stur.’ Cyclocladia Brittsii is distinguishable from other species by the very broad and rather distant leaf scars and the short foliar mternodes, 7 to 9 ‘ Verst. Steinkohlenform., Sachsen, 1855, p. 3, pl. x, fig. 5. > Traité paléont. vég., vol. i, p. 333, pl. xxiii, figs. 13, 14. * Coal Flora, pl. iii, fig. 14. 4Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. vy. Radnitz, 1855, p. 27, pl.i, fig. 34. 5 Steinkohlen-Calamar., vol. i, 1876, p. 127. 5 Op. cit., p. 129. 7 Zittel, Handbuch Palieont., vol. ii, p. 172. 8 Verst. bohm. Ablag., vol. i, pl. 1i, figs. 1, 2. *Calamarien d. Carbon-Fl., p. L76, pl. xiv), fig. 5. EQUISETALES—CALAMARIEA—MACROSTACHYA. Ika of which intervene between two verticils of the large cicatrices, all of the latter being, so far as known, large and equal. Localities—Owen's bank; also one from the same locality loaned by Dr. Britts; still another from Henry County, Missouri, without precise locality, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5466. MACROSTACHYA Schimper, 1869. Traité paléont. vég., vol. i, p. 333 (pars). MACROSTACHYA LONGIFOLIA Lx. MSS. A good specimen in the recent collections appears to belong to a new species with the above name represented in the manuscript material of Pro- fessor Lesquereux, now in my hands for preparation for publication. Not wishing to anticipate its publication, along with many other inter- esting forms included in the unpublished work of the distinguished paleo- botanist, I give here the nomen nudum merely as a matter of geological and geographical record. It is possible that the stems from the same locality referred to Cyclo- cladia may belong to the same plant. Locality—Owen’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5467. INCERT& SEDIS. RADICITES Potonié, 1893. 1825. Hydatica Artis, Antediluvian Phytology, pl. i (pars), pl. v. 1834. Pinnularia Lindley and Hutton (non Ehrenb.), Fossil Flora Gt. Brit., vol. ii, p. 81, pl. iii. 1847. Rhizolithes Braun, Flora, N. R., vol. v, No. 6, p. 86 (pars?). 1893. Radicites Potonié, Flora Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 260. In noting the occurrence of rootlets of the type commonly known as Pinnularia in the outlying coal basins of southwestern Missouri,’ I took occasion to point out the fact that Lindley and Hutton’s name is objection- able, having been preoccupied by Ehrenberg for a genus of diatoms, many species of which have been found fossil. Among the names previously employed to designate such remains, Hydatica and Myriophyllites of Artis appear to be either too comprehensive in their scope or too uncertain in 1 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 43. 172 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. their application, unless we include all forms of small ramose roots in the same genus. It is possible that Rhizolithes, used by Braun,’ Unger,” and Lesque- reux, might be available for this type of rootlets, though, while there is no doubt as to the generic identity in Lesquereux’s plant, the application of the name proposed by Braun is at present equivocal, while Unger’s figure of the specimen from the Dyas leaves us still in uncertainty. The name Radicites is proposed by Potonié explicitly for this type of roots, and, for the present at least, answers well the purpose. RADICITES CAPILLACEA (L. and H.) Pot. 1834. Pinnularia capillacea Lindley and Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. ii, pl. exi. 1858. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., Lesquereux, in Rogers: Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 878, pl. xvii, fig. 22. 1869. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steinkohl. Westphaleus, p- 27, pl. i, fig. 7b; pl. il, fig. 5a; pl. iv, figs. 1, 11. 1874. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., O. Feistmantel, Steink. Perm. Abl. n.-w. Prag., p. 72 (pl.i, fig. 27). 1874. Pinnularia capillacea Li. and H., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bdhm. Kohlen-Abl., vol. i, p. 137, pl. xix, figs. 8 (7?). 1877. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., Lebour, Illustrations, pls. lix (1x2). 1889. Pinnularia capillacea L. and H., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 647, text fig. 1840. Fucoides filiformis Steininger, Geogn. Beschr. Land zw. Saar u. Rheine, p. 36, fig. 1. 1893. Radicites capillacea (L. and H.) Potonié, Fl. Rothl. Thiiringen, p. 261, pl. xxxiv, fig. 2. There appears to be some lack of agreement as to what shall be included under the specific name in this group. Many authors seem dis- posed to construe the species named by Lindley and Hutton in a broad sense, considering it as inseparable from Hydatica columnaris Artis. Pinnu- laria columnaris (Artis) Zeiller seems to be much more robust than Radicites capillacea (I. and H.) Pot., with striated divisions more densely provided with rootlets. .I follow the example of Kidston and Potonié in restricting the species to the type of Pimnularia capillacea L. and H. Locality—Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5585. ! Flora, 1847, vol. i, p. 86. > Ueber zwei dyadische Pflanzen, N. Jahrb. f. Min., 1863, p. 528, pl. vii. ‘Rept. Geol. Sury. Arkansas, vol. ii, 1862, p. 313, pl. v, fig. 9. SPHENOPHYLLALES—THE GENUS SPHENOPHYLLUM. 3 RADICITES PALMATIFIDA (Lx.). 1860. Rhizolithes palmatifidus Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Arkansas, vol. ii, p. 513, pl. v, fig. 9. 1879. Rhizolithes palmatifidus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. Ixxv, fig. 9; text, vol. i (1880), p. 518. 1880. Pinnularia palmatifida Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 518. 1889. Pinnularia palmatifida Lx., Miller, Geol. Pal. N. Amer., p. 126. The specimens referred to this species are rather larger than that originally illustrated from the coals of Arkansas. The rootlets are thin in texture and apparently flaccid. They are larger and more lax than those referred to Radicites capillacea. Locality.—Owen’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5587. SPHENOPHYLLALES. SPHENOPHYLLE. SPHENOPHYLLUM Brongniart, 1828. 1822. Sphenophyllites Brongniart, Mém. mus, hist. nat., vol. vili, p. 209. 1822. Sphenophyllites Brongniart, Mém. mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, p. 234. 1823. Rotularia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 2, p. 33; tent., 1825, p. xxxili. 1828. Sphenophyllum Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 65. FRUCTIFICATION. 1871. Bowmanites Binney, Obs. Struct. Foss. Pl. Carb. Str., pt. ii, p. 59. 1898. Sphenophyllostachys Seward, Foss. Pl., vol. i, p. 402. The systematic affinities of the genus Sphenophyllum are now some- what definitely known through the study of the anatomical characters of the various organs of the plant. Most important among the recent correla- tions is the recognition on the part of Professor Zeiller of Bowmannites, so thoroughly analyzed by the late Professor Williamson, as the fruiting spike of Sphenophyllum. In Bowmannites Dawsoni (Will.) Zeiller found the details obscurely revealed to him in his study of the S. cunetfolium (Stb.) Zeill., from the Valenciennes Basin, to which I have previously made reference.* As now demonstrated,” the ovoid or oval sporangia are pluriseriate in each ' Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 39. 2R. Zeiller, Sur la constitution des €pis de fructification du Sphenophyllum cuneifolium: Comp- tes Rendus, vol. exy, 1892, pp. 141-144. Etude sur la constitution de l’appareil fructificateur des Sphenophyllum: Mém. Soe. Géol. Fr., Paléont., vol. iv, mém. 11, 1893, pp. 1-39, pls. i-iil. 174 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. verticil, each sporangium being supported at the upper end by a pedicel arising from the ventral surface of the bract and curving outward, upward, and finally inward to the point of union to the sporangium. Each pedicel is traversed by a vascular bundle, which is regarded by M. Zeiller as a ven- tral lobe of the bract, presenting an arrangement analogous to the fertile fronds of the Marsileacee or the Ophioglossacee. A similar arrangement is described by the same author in Sphenophyllum oblongifolium and S. gracilis. Taking into account, then, the structure of the cones, Professor Zeiller would make the Sphenophyllee constitute a distinct class among the vascular eryptogams, comparable to the Marsileacee and Ophioglossacee. It would seem as though the fertile specimens of Sphenophyllum trichoma- tosum Stur described and illustrated by Mr. Kidston’ might differ in structure from S. cuneifolium only by the single circle of sporangia, attached, perhaps, though not necessarily, by the base to a short pedicel, the position on the inner surface of the bracts being the same. In an earlier reference to the nature of the genus Sphenophyllum, 1 have expressed an inclination to regard it as belonging to the Calamarian family.” This view now seems untenable. With reference to the systematic position of the genus, I may add that Dr. Potonié, after discussing the details collated by Zeiller, reaches the con- clusion’ that the Sphenophyllum should be ranked in the group Pteridales of © Prantl, near the Salvinee. In the genera Sphenophyllum, Trizygia; Salvinia, and Azolla, Dr. Potonié would detect a genetic as well as a geologic sequence. SPHENOPHYLLUM CUNEIFOLIUM (Stb.) Zeill. 1823. Rotularia asplenioides Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 2, p. 30, pl. xxvi, figs. 4a-b. 1523. Rotularia cuneifolia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 2, p. 33, pl. xxvi, figs. 4a—b. 1826. Rotularia pusilla Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 4, tent., p. xxxii. 1826, Rotularia polyphylla Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fasc. 4, p. 42; tent., p. xxxii, pl. 1, fig. 4. : 1828. Rotularia dichotoma Germar and Kaultuss, Nova Acta Acad., C. L. O. nat. cur., vol. xv, pt. 2, p. 226, pl. Ixvi, fig. 4. 28. Sphenophyllum fimbriatum Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 68. 1828. Sphenophyllum dentatum Brougniart, Prodrome, p. 68. 30. Sphenophyllum dentatum Brongn., Unger, Gen. et Species, p. 70. ‘On the Fructification of Sphenophyllum trichomatosum Stur, from the Yorkshire Coal Field: Proc. Roy. Phys. Soe. Edinb., vol. xi, 1892, pp. 56-62, pl. i. 2 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, 1893, p. 36. 5 Ueber die Stellung der Sphenophyllaceen im System: Ber. d. Deutsch. bot. Gesell., vol. xii, 1894, Hft. 4, pp. 97-100. 1869. 1869. 1869. 1880. 1881. 1888. 1891. 1836. 1848. 1848. 1854. 1864. 1869. 1880. 1874, 1874. SPHENOPHYLLALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. IGS) . Sphenophyllum dentatum Brongn., Phillips, Manual Geol., p. 234, fig. 110, . Sphenophyllum erosum Lindley and Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. i, pl. xiii. . Sphenophyllum erosum L, and H., Bunbury, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soe., vol. iii, p. 430, pl. xxiii, figs. 3a, 3b. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Coemans and Kickx, Monogr. Sphen., p. 149, pl. i, figs. 5a-e. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 341. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H.,Von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 30, pl. iv. fig. 19. Sphenophyllum erosum L, and H., Dawson, Acad. Geol., 3d ed., p. 444, fig. 165¢. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 55, Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., pl. x, figs. 57, 57a. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Dawson, Geol. Hist. P1., p. 122, fig. 45c. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H., Newberry, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. N. H., p. 215, pl. xix, figs. 1-4. Rotularia erosa (lL. and H.) Goeppert, Foss. Farrnkr., p. 431. Sphenophyllum pusillum (Stb.) Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr, houill. Belg., pl. lxiv, fig. 4. Sphenophyllum saxifragefolium (Stb.) Goeppert, in Bronn: Index Pal., vol. i, p. 1166. Sphenophyllum saxifragefolium (Stb.) Goepp, Geinitz, Fl. Hain.-Ebersdortf., p. 37, pl. xiv, figs. 7-10. . Sphenophyllum saxifragefolium (Stb.) Goepp., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. West- phalens, p. 31, pl. iv, fig. 17. . Sphenophyllum saxifragefolium (Stb.) Goepp., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., pl. elxi, figs. 4,5; text (1879), p. 31 (pars). . Sphenophyllum multifidum Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. lxiv, figs. 1, 2. . Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. var. / dentatum (Brongn.) et var. € erosum (L. & H.) Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. Stradonitz, p. 6, pl. vi, fig. 6. 55. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimit Brongn. var. i dentatum (Brongn.) et var. € eroswm (L and H.) Ettingshausen, Steinkohlenfl. Radnitz, p. 30, pl. xi, figs. 1-3. Sphenophyllum trifoliatum Lesquereux, Boston Journ. N. H., vol. vi, no. 4, p. 415. Sphenophyllum trifoliatum Lesquereux, Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 853, pl. i, fig. 7. . Sphenophyllum Schiotheimii Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, pl. xx, fig. 6. 3. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimit Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xxv, p. 594, pl. xviii, fig. 15. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragafolium (Stb.) Coemans and Kickx, Monogr. Sphen., p. 151, pl. i, figs. Ga-d. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragefolium (Stb.) C. and K., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 342, pl. xxv, figs. 10, 11-14. Sphenophyllum erosum L. and H. var. saxifragefoliwm (Stb.) C. and K., Schimper in Zittel: Handb. Paliont., vol. il, p. 179, fig. 135, , ,. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bohm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 134, pl. xviii, figs. 2 (5, 62). Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. var. saxifragefolium (Stb.) O. Feistmantel, Verst. bohm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 134, pl. xviii, fig. 4. 176 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. 1877. Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ. and Kaulf.) Ung., Stur, Culin-Flora, vol. ii, p. 119 (225). 1887. Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ. and Kaulf.) Ung., Stur, Calamar. d. Carbon- Fl., p. 233, fig. 43, pl. xv, figs. 5a, b, ¢; pl. xiib, fig. 2. 1888. Sphenophyllum dichotomum (Germ. and Kauf.) Ung., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 204, pl. v, figs. 16, 21. 1878. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., pl. clxi, fig. 1; text (1879), p. 30 (pars). 1882. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 87, pl. xiii, fig. 10. 1886. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lxiii, figs. 1-3, 6, 7 (3, 4, 5, 10, fruit); text (1888), p. 413. 1893. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, p. 36. 1893. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeiller, Mém. Soe. géol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, No. 11, p. 12, pl. i; pl. ii, figs. 1-3; pl. iii, figs. 1-2. 1894. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potonié, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell., vol. xii, 4, p. 99, figs. 3a—b (fig. 1 fruit). 1896. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potonié, N. Jahrb. f. Min., 2d Abth., p. 142, fig. 1; p. 143, figs. 2a-b; p. 152, fig. 8. 1897. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Potonié, Lehrb. d. Pflanzenpal., p. 176, fig. 171; p. 179, fig. 177. 1886. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. var. saxifragefolium (Stb.) Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lxii, fig. 1; pl. bxiii, figs. 4, 5, 9, 10; text (1888), p. 413. 1893. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. var. saxifragefolium (Stb.) Zeill., D. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 37. 1888. Calamites Sachsei Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 205, pl. v, fig. 22. 1888. An Sphenophyllum (Calamites) Sachsei Stur, Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 204, pl. v, fig. 20? 1898. Sphenophyllostachys Dawsoni ( Will.) Seward, Foss. P1., vol. i, p. £00, figs. lO7A, G; p. 402, fig. 108. This species, represented by the normal form with narrow, concave- sided, cuneate leaves and sharp teeth, appears to be well represented in the collections, though the specimens are rather more robust and rigid than in examples from other regions. Besides the more common form, there are certain specimens with leaves a little broader, spreading more, the teeth seeming not quite so acute, which I have doubtfully referred to S. emargi- natum Brongn. As usual in this species, the tips of the leaves are generally buried in the matrix, a circumstance which probably gives rise to the inclusion of Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn. in Professor Lesquereux’s list of the Henry County, Missouri, plants. SPHENOPHYLLUALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. ete Specimens with entire or dissected leaves are frequently found mingled, the dissection often reaching to near the base of the leaves, approaching S. bifurcatum Lx. in appearance, though this latter species, found in the “conglomerate” or “subconglomerate” coals, I have not seen in any material from Missouri. Obscure fragments of cones, probably belonging to this species, are found mingled with the specimens of stems and leaves. To Sphenophyllum cuneifolium doubtless belongs the specimen from Clinton recorded in the Coal Flora’ as S. filiculme Lx. In this specimen, which was collected by Dr. Britts and was formerly in Professor Lesquereux’s private collection, and which is now No. 8679 of the Lacoe collection in the U.S. National Museum, it is clear that the cleavage of the shale has broken away the ends of all except the highest leaves in the verticil, so that the broken edges are all within a single curve, the line of fracture being distinctly oblique to the venation of the leaves. There is no evidence of any inequality in the arrangement of the leaves other than is common in S. cuneifolium, while, at the same time, there is no pairing of the four outer leaves or separation of the two middle ones. The principal characters of the fruit of this species, so well worked out by Professor Zeiller, are stated in the discussion of the genus. Localities —Owen’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus. 5454, 5456, 5475?; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 5455; also found at Gilkerson’s Ford. SPHENOPHYLLUM EMARGINATUM Brongn. PI..LIX, Fig. 1d. 1822. Sphenophillites emarginatus Brongniart, Classif. vég. foss., p. 234, pl. ii, figs. 8, Sa-b. 1822. Rotularia marsileefolia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, fase. 2, p. 33 (pars). 1825. Rotularia marsileefolia Sternberg, Versuch, vol. i, tent., p. xxxii (pars). 1828. Kotularia marsilecfolia Sternberg, Bronn, in Bischoff: Kryptogiim. Gewiichse, p. 89, pl. xiii, figs. La—b. 1838. Rotularia marsileefolia Sternberg, Presl, Verh. Gesell. Mus. B6hmen, p. 29, pl. il, figs. 2-4, 1828. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Bronguiart, Prodrome, p. 68. 1835. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Bronn, Leth. Geogn., vol. i, p. 32, pl. Vii, fig. 10. 1855. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 12, pl. xx, figs. 1-4 (5-77), (pl. xxxiv, fig. 4 ?). 1Vol. 1, p. 59. MON XXxVII-—12 178 1864. 1869. 1869. 1880. 1880. 1895. 1898. 1832. 1880. 1881. 1890. 1841. 1860. 1864. 1869. FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Sphenophyllum emayginatum Brongn., Coemans and Kickx, Monogr. gen. Sphen., p. 144, pl. i, fig. 2; (pl. ii figs. 1-37). Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steinkohlenf. West- phalens, p. 30 (pars), (pl. iv, fig. 12?). Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 339, (pl. xxv, fig. 157). . Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bohm. Ablag., vol. i, p. 134 (pars), pl. xviii, fig. 5? (non fig. 3). . Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 53, pl. xix, fig. 15. 9, An Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Heer, Urwelt d. Schweiz., 2d ed., pl. i, fig. 10? Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brougn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 53. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Schimper, in Zittel: Handb. Paliont., vol. li, p. 179, fig. 135, .. . Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Ferd. Roemer, Leth. Geogn., Pal. p. 153, pl. 1, fig. 6. . Sphenophyllum See Brongn., Saporta and Marion, Evol. rég. vég., crypt., p. 198, fig. 82, (a, ¢%). . Sphenophyllam aes Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., pl. x, fig. 58. ). Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Sterzel, Fl. Rothl. n.-w. Sachsens, p. 23 (pars), pp. 26, 27, figs. 18 (192); (pl. xxiii, figs. 2-52). . Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongu., Zeiller, Fl.foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lxiv, figs. 3-5; text (1888), p. 409. . Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Raciborski, Permokarb. Fl., p. 26 (378) (pars). Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brougn., Zeiller, Mém. Soc. géol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, no. 11, p. 24, pl. ii (iv), figs. 4, 4a. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., Seward, Foss. Plants, vol. i, p. 407, fig. 109. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Lindley and Hutton, Foss. FI., vol. i, pl. XXVil, figs. 1-2 8. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. lxiv, fig. 3. 76. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Ferd. Roemer. Leth. Geogn., vol. i, Atlas, pl. 1, fig. 6 Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 52 (pars). Sphenophyllum Schlotheimti Brongu., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1879-80, p. 374, pl. xliii, fig. 2. Sphenophyllum Schlotheimii Brongn., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 980, text fig. Sphenophyllum Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts, vol. ii, p.542, pl. xxii, fig. 2. Sphenophyllum Osnabrugense F, A. Roemer, Beitr. z. Kenntn. n.-w. Harzgeb., p. 21, pl. v, figs. 2a—b. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. var. ( Brongniartianum Coemans and Kickx, Monogr. gen. Sphen., p. 144, pl. i, fig. 3. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. var. 3 Brongniartianum C.and K., Schimper, 'Traité, vol. i, p. 340, pl. xxv, figs. 15, 16, 17. SPHENOPHYLLALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. 179 1869. Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. var. (/ Brongniartianum C.and K., von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steinkohlenf. Westphalens, p. 30, pl. xxvi, fig. 2; pl. xxxii, fig. 6A. 1879. Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill., Vég. foss. terr. houill., p.3 (pars). 1882. An Sphenophyllum truncatum Brongn., Renault, Cours bot. foss., vol. ii, p. 87, pl. xiil, figs. 8, 9? I have referred, though in part provisionally, to Sphenophyllum emargi- natum, a number of specimens in which the large broad leaves, the slightly rounded or even faintly cordate apex, the nervation, and the blunt teeth seen in some cases seem to be characteristic of the species, American repre- sentatives of which were first published by Brongniart’ from Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania. Some of these specimens, in which the teeth are broken away or buried, probably constituted the basis for the identification and enumeration of S. Schlotheimii Brongn. in the list of plants from Missouri. But notwithstanding the identification of the common form in Pennsylvania by Brongniart, the species is badly confused in our American material. The examination of a large number of examples in different collections shows that in most cases, including the specimens from Missouri in the Lacoe collection, and the other collections in the U.S. National Museum, the fossils labeled S. Schlotheimii by Lesquereux* have the characters of S. emarginatum. Plants referable to the Palmacites verticillatus of Schlotheim,’ the specific name of which Kidston has justly restored, are extremely rare in the Ameri- can Carboniferous flora, so far as it has yet beenamade known. This species differs greatly from the true S. emarginatum by the rounded, not cordate, summit, which, as I interpret the figures, is smooth or slightly crenulate, often giving the leaf a narrowly obovate form, while the nerves, 15 to 20 in number, dichotomize several times from a single original nerve. The com- mon form in Missouri has, on the contrary, usually but 7 to 15 nervils to the leaf, which is not rounded, but, like most of the common representatives of the species from other localities im this country, seems to belong to the variety Brongniartianum as figured by Coemans and Kickx* and others. 1 Prodrome 1828, p. 172. ? The specimen figured by this distinguished and justly honored paleobotanist in the Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1880, p. 374, pl. xliii, fig. 2 (copied by Lesley in Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 980), as S. Schlotheimii belongs with others to the S. emarginatum, while, on the other hand, fig. 3 of the same plate (Lesley, op. cit., p. 978) belongs very probably to the group represented by S. filiculme Lx. 5Plora d. Vorwelt, 1804, pl. ii, fig. 24.—Sphenophyllum Schlotheimit Brongn. ‘Monogr. d. genre Sphenophyllum d’Europe: Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgique, (2) vol. xviii, 1864, p. 139, pl. i, fig. 3. 180 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL. Some of the larger specimens, especially those from the anthracite region, are difficult to distinguish from the form figured by Stur* as Sphenophyllum Crepini. Many of the large dissected leaves have the aspect of those figured by O. Feistmantel.” _ The structure of the fertile spike of Sphenophyllum emarginatum las been partly worked out by Zeiller,’ who finds the bracts, united at the base for a short distance, bearing several verticils of sporangia, the latter prob- ably pedicellate and agreeing in essential details with the better-known species S. cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill. The cones of S. emarginatum illustrated by Zeiller are somewhat larger than those of the former species, and do not in their superficial aspect appear very unlike the more imperfect specimens figured by Presl* in 1838 as Rotularia marsiieefolia Stb. Although it is a species of long duration, Sphenophyllum emarginatum seems to have been considerably modified in time. And while the earlier forms in America are generally smaller, the species soon becomes of the size and characters of the variety Brongniartianum, the still later forms being much more lax, proportionately less distinct at the base, and more irregular or rounded at the top. A separation of these later forms as varieties, if not as species, would, I believe, serve a useful purpose in correlative work, and therefore be desirable. Many of the forms figured by Sterzel and Raci- borski® appear closely related to the S. Fontaineanum Mill. (S. latifolium F. and W., nee Wood, necque Ren.) Localities —Owen’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5457; Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6137. SPHENOPHYLLUM MAJUS Bronn. Pl. L, Figs. 5, 6a; Pl. LI, Fig. a; Pl. LXXIII, Fig. 3. 1828. Rotularia major Bronn, in Bischoff: Kryptogiim. Gewiichse, vol. ii, p. 89, pl. xiii, figs. 2a-b. 1835. Sphenophyllum majus Broun, Leth. Geogn., vol. i, p. 32, pl. viii, figs. 9a, 9b. 1886. Sphenophyllum majus Broun, Zeiller, Fl. foss. houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. lxiv, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a; text (1888), p. 420. 1Calamar. d. Carbon-F1., p. 232, pl. xv), fig. 4. 2Verst. béhm. Ablag., vol. i, 1874, p. 134, pl. xviii, figs. 3, 5. 2), foss. houill. Valenciennes, p. 410, pl. Ixiv, fig. 5, Etude s. 1. constitution d. Vappareil fruct. d. Sphenophyllum: Mém. Soe. géol. Fr., Pal., vol. iv, no. 11, 1893, pl. ii, figs. 4, 4a. ‘Verh. d. Vaterl. Mus. Béhmen, 1838, p. 29, pl. ii, figs. 2-4. 5 Permokarb. F1., p. 26, pl. v, figs. 20-30; pl. vii, fig. 23. SPHENOPHYLLALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. — 181 1893. Sphenophyllum majus Broun, D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 40. 1848. Sphenophyllum multifidum Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belgique, pl. Ixiy, figs. 1, 2. 1855. Sphenophyllum longifolium (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb..(uon Sauveur), Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 13, pl. xx, figs. 15, 16, 17. 1869. Sphenophyllum longifolium (Germ.) Gein, et Gutb., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 340, pl. xxv, fig. 22 (non 23), 1880. Sphenophyllum longifolium (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 53. 1883. Sphenophyllum longifolium (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 2, p. 46, pl. vii, figs. 10, 11. 1884. Sphenophyllum longifolium (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 726, pl. xei, fig. 6. 1855. Sphenophyllum saxifragefolium, (Germ.) Gein. et Gutb., Geinitz, Verst. Steink. Sachsen, p. 18, pl. xx, figs. 8, (92). 1866. An Sphenophyllum latifolium Wood (nec Fount. et White, necque Ren. et Zeill.). Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xiii, p. 347, pl. viii, tig. 3? In the discussion of this species from the outlying basins in south- western Missouri’ I have stated at length my reasons for accepting Bronn’s name as the proper designation of this form, in preference to the name given to the larger form by Germar. The material in the present collections pre- sents a number of fine examples, which I refer to this species, although they show rather less tendency to dissection than appeared in the others. The photographs seen in Pl. L, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, an enlargement of which is given in Pl. LI, Fig. a, show undersized specimens of this beautiful spe- cies. As was remarked in the report aboye mentioned, the form, not rare in America, is quite different from that with long leaves and with nerves not confluent at the base and sparsely forking, figured by Schimper,” Coemans and Kickx,? Weiss,* von Roehl,®> Renault,° and Renault and Zeiller,” while I have seen but a single specimen, from Ohio, representing the type of Germar.® The plant illustrated by Raciborski? under this name would seem to be more closely related to the S. Fontaineanum Miller. Sphenophyllum majus is represented in the Lacoe collection in the U.S. 1 Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 98, p. 41. 2 Traité, vol. i, 1869, pl. xxv, fig. 23 (copied from Germar), p. 340. 3 Monogr. d. genre Sphenophyllum, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., (2) vol. xviii, 1864, p. 147, pl. i, fig. 4. 4Aus der Flora d. Steinkohlenformation, 1881, pl. x, fig. 60. 5 Foss. Fl. Steink.-Form. Westphalens, 1869, p. 31, pl. iv, fig. 14. © Cours bot. foss, vol. ii, 1882, p. 88, pl. xiii, fig. 18 (from Coemans and Kickx). TF. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, vol. ii, Atlas, pl. 1, figs. 12-17. 8Tsis, 1837, col. 426, pl. ii, fig.2. Verst. Kohlenf., p. 17, pl. vii, fig. 2. °’Permokarboniska Fl., 1891, p. 29 (381), pl. v, figs. 14, 15. 182 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. National Museum by a number of specimens from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, labeled S. longifolium by Professor Lesquereux. This type, as seen in Pl. L, Fig. 5, closely resembles the leaves found on the robust branches of S. emarginatwm, while, when dissected, the leaves are quite suggestive of S. bifurcatum. The nervation of this specimen, studied by Lesquereux, is shown in the photographic enlargement, Pl. LI. The presence of two undescribed species with very large leaves in the Pocono and the Middle Pottsville gives to the large, wide- leafed eroup a much greater antiquity than has been supposed. a eg ge coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5462, 5671, 5679, 5680; Deepwater, U. 8. Nat. HES, 5465; Pitcher’s coal bank, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5463; ee Ford, U.S S. Nat. Mus., 5461 SPHENOPHYLLUM LESCURIANUM ii. Sp. IRIE IA ME OOR 1216 IW lie. he Ie, SOXIDY, axa, 1897. Sphenophyllum sp., D. White, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 297. Stems slender, delicate, branching freely; internodes long in propor- tion to the width of the axis, the ribs being narrow, distinct, and angular; nodes but slightly enlarged; leaves six to the verticil, of equal length, the middle pair nearly at a right angle to the stem, the upper and lower pairs open and at equal angles to the stem, narrowly obcuneate, 3 to 5 mm. long, 1 to 1.75 mm. wide near the top, of rather thin texture, very small at the point of attachment, the lateral margins slightly convex, generally divided by a shallow angular or rounded sinus into two obtuse or obtusely pointed teeth, but sometimes, in the lower portions of the plant, divided into three or four teeth of the same type; nervation consisting of one slender nerve, simple to one-third or one-half the way up, then forking at a moderate angle, each of the two branches entering a tooth, or, where more than two teeth are present, one or both nerves forking again near the top of the leaf; fructification unknown. Among the specimens in the Lacoe collection labeled Sphenophyllum angustifolium Germ. by Professor Lesquereux, one example, No. 8711, from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, is so different not only from all the remaining specimens under that name, but also from the figures of foreign specimens described as characteristic of that type, that I have felt con- strained to exclude it from that species and place it under another name, SPHENOPHYLLALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. 183 after searching in vain for a satisfactory place for it among the many exist- ing species. The plant is of a delicate type, the branches slender and graceful, the internodes relatively long, the ribs narrow, angular, while the segment of a larger stem at the left in Fig 6a, Pl. L, is distinctly lmeate. While in its general aspect and especially in the outlines of the leaves our form, which is photographed twice the natural size in Pl. LI, resembles the Spheno- phyllites angustifolius of Germar,' the difference in the minor characters, par- ticularly the details of the nervation, as shown in the description and figures of S. angustifolium (Germ.) Goepp. given by Coemans and Kickx,” Renault,’ and Weiss,‘ or of the var. bifidum Gr. ’EKury by Renault,® in all of which we find long, slender, acute-pointed pinnules more deeply dissected and with the nerves separate and distinct from the base in the bidentate forms, is too ereat to permit its union under the same name. In fact, the essential char- acters are probably nearer S. oblongifolium, especially as that species is figured by the same authors,’ though in the form of the leaves and their attitude in the verticil it is quite different from that species. Sphenophyllum Lescurianum is not easily confused with the younger species, S. filiculme Lx., S. tenuifolium F. and W., or S. densifolium F. and W., all of which differ by the disposition of the leaves in the verticil, by the nervation, and by the margins. Locality—Near Clinton, Henry County, Maceourt precise locality not known; Lacoe collection, No. 8711, U. 8. Nat. Mus. SPHENOPHYLLUM (ASTEROPHYLLITES?) FASCICULATUM (Lx). Pl. L, Figs. 1-4. 1879. Asterophyllites fasciculatus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 2, pl. iii, figs. 1-4, 4a; text, vol. 1 (1880), p. 41. Stems 1 to 7 mm. wide, branching freely, dichotomously, or oppositely (?), with about 3 to 6 rounded, obscurely lineate-rugose, hardly striate, non- alternating ribs dilated at the nodes; branches irregular, flexuous, forking 'Verst. Steink. Wettin u. Libejiin, p. 18, pl. vii, figs. 4-7. Schimper, Traité, vol. i, pl. xx, figs. 1-4. Von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steinkohlenf. Westphalens, pl. iv, fig. 18. 2 Bull. Soc. Roy. Belg., (2) vol. xviii, 1864, pl. i, figs. 7a-c. 3 Cours bot. foss , vol. ii, 1882, pl. xiii, figs. 19, 20, 21. 4 Aus d. Flora d. Steinkohl., 1881, pl. x, fig. 61. SPI. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 485, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7. 6 Coemans and Kickx, loc. cit., figs. 8a-c. Schimper, op. cit., 1, p. 343, pl. xxv, figs. 5-9. Renault, op. cit., vol. ii, pl. xiii, figs. 15, 16, 17, Weiss, op. cit., pl. x, fig. 59. 184 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL equally or unequally at a narrow angle, leafy, tapering plumose to the tufted apex; nodes prominent, generally very short, 1 to 6 mm. distant, frequently crowded near the base of the branch, each provided with a verticil of leaves; leaves 6 to 12 in the verticil, united usually in six pairs in the smaller twigs, the members of each pair being joined for a distance from the base by their laminze, or even the pairs joined to one another for a short distance when young, and separating with the increased growth of the axis, lanceolate, 2.5 to 8 mm. long, tapering from near the base to the acute apex, slightly carinate, not regularly alternate from node to node, minutely rugose, oblique, or erect when young, at the point of attachment, then curving outward, often more or less reflexed according to age and position, then turning upward and sometimes slightly inward, approaching a semi-uncinate form, some- what thickened at the slightly constricted base, nearly smooth or obtusely carinate on the arching dorsal surface ; median nerves of each pair of leaves simple at the base, or distinct and separate, converging to contiguous points of origin, relatively broad, dorsally lineate-rugose under the lens; strobili borne on the branches, 6 to 25 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, divided into nodes about 2 mm. apart, the axis being 1.25 mm. wide, ribbed like the branch, each node bearing a verticil of bracts slightly longer than the pre- ceding leaves, somewhat strongly reflexed, then curving upward at the middle and finaliy turned inward; sporangia slightly oval, the greater diameter being a little less than 1 mm. . A number of typical specimens, some of which are from the type locality, bring to our attention new features in this unique and interesting species. The common aspect of the plant is indicated in pl. ili, fig. 1, of the Coal Flora by Professor Lesquereux, though the habit of the leaves is not there shown so well as in our PI. L., Figs. 2 and 3. On my first examina- tion of the species I was disposed to regard the dichotomous fasciculate specimens as specifically distinct from the form illustrated in fig. 2 of the Coal Flora plate. I have seen no other specimen from this region with. such an aspect of rigidity, which is exaggerated in the figure, and with the appearance of opposite branching, except the original of that figure, now No. 8292 of the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum. This original differs, furthermore, from the figure by the much more falcate character of the leaves, which are more open at the base, then curving SPHENOPHYLLALES—SPHENOPHYLLUM. 185 gradually upward and slightly inward, while each joint of the main stem is provided with a verticil of leaves within which the branches have their origin. But, although by this character of the main stem, the internodes of which are much longer in proportion to their width than in other speci- mens, and by the angle and habit of the branches this individual specimen is so different from all others examined, being in effect very similar to Asterophyllites gracilis Lx., still the characters of the leaves and branches are so concordant with those in the dichotomous form that I am not at present prepared to establish any separation of the two, especially in the absence of additional details as to the internal organization or fruit of the latter. The following remarks, however, pertain entirely to the remaining suite of specimens, all of which are more or less distinctly of the type of fig. 1 of the plate in the Coal Flora. The stems of the common (dichotomous or fasciculate) type, some of which are nearly 1 cm. in diameter, are usually more or less flexuous, especially the smaller ones, while the delicate twigs are often sinuous and plumose, the branching being irregular and not in the same plane. In fact, the general aspect of the plant and the more obvious characters of the stems of all ranks are so strongly similar to those of the stems and branches of common Sphenophylla, such as Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn., that it is only after a glance at the leaves that one pauses to inquire whether it belongs to some other group. The ribs are few, broad, broadly rounded or flattened, and separated in the larger segments by a rounded furrow. Toward the upper end of the internode each rib is somewhat swollen. Confluent with the upper ends of these ribs are the slightly thickened bases of the leaves, which are inclined upward as is common in Sphenophyllum, so that just above the node, or within the verticil, the stem is reduced in size. These features may be indistinctly seen in Pl. L, Fig. 3. Tn the larger and older stems the leaf traces show indistinctly as roundish or transversely oval scars more or less distinctly paired according to the size of the stem. In such advanced stems the leaves are so open that they are seldom seen except in profile. However, in the younger portions, and particularly near the ends of the branches, the leaves may often be seen at aright angle to their planes, in which cases they are found to be united, two by two, for a distance (sometimes nearly one-third of their length), while in still other cases the pairs are more narrowly united into what is 186 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL perhaps essentially a sheath, as shown fragmentarily in Fig. 1, Pl. L, which represents a portion of No. 8296 of the Lacoe collection, from Henry County, identified by Professor Lesquereux. This character of the pairing, which constitutes bifurcation of the leaves in effect, and which is also illustrated in Pl. L, Figs. 2 and 4, and in the enlarged details, accentuating the Sphenophylloid nature of the plant, is further accompanied, in some cases at least, by a corresponding bifurcation of the single basal nerve, one of whose divisions passes to each lobe.’ From the preservation of the older portions of the stems it would seem that these bifurcated (or paired) leaves eradually part and become distinct in the older stems, as Potonié has noticed occasionally in the leaves of Hquisetites zeeformis (Schloth.) Andriy, and that both forked and simple leaves may occur on the same stem. In some cases there appear to be but three leaf pairs on the young twigs, but this incomplete observation may be erroneous. The young twigs with bifurcated leaves are frequently united with the larger stems, in which, so far as I am able to discover, the leaves are separate quite to the base. Among several fertile spikes attached to the branches of this species I have not yet seen any with the structure illustrated in the Coal Flora, though the original of pl. ii, fig. 3, of that work lies before me. All the specimens are too poorly preserved to enable me to discover the mode of attachment or even the normal place of the sporangia between the verticils. The bracts are more slender and rather longer than the leaves below, and are more strongly reflexed before curving outward, upward, and, finally, slightly inward. The sporangia, a number of which are scattered irregularly among the verticils in some of the specimens, are slightly oval and nearly 1 mm. in greater diameter. As a species of Asterophyllites this form is unique. In its general composition and make-up it isa Sphenophyllum. Its habit, the broadly ribbed stems, the inflated joints, the verticils, which appear to be confluent with the upper ends of the ribs, giving the leaves a decurrent effect, the bifurcated character of the leaves, at least in the younger stages, all combine to make us question whether we are not in reality dealing with a type more nearly related to Sphenophyllum, in which most of the nerves are simple to the base of the leaf, so as to allow the lobes to grow apart with the enlargement of ' In most cases, however, both the leaves and the nerves appear to be simple, especially in the lowcr portions of the stems or branches. LYCOPODIALES—LEPIDODENDREA—LEPIDODENDRON, 187 the axis. Owing to the unfortunate lack of material so preserved as to show the internal structure of the stems, we are left to search for fruiting cones in which the arrangement of the sporangia will be discernible. I anticipate that the cones will be found to show the characters of Sphenophyllum, and I have very little hesitation in unequivocally referring it to that genus. Should additional material substantiate such a reference it is probable that the type of fig. 2 of pl. iii of Coal Flora will be placed in or near Asterophyllites gracilis Lx., or A. grandis Stb., with which in many respects it agrees. T am not sure whether or not a specimen of Asterophyllites fasciculatus was the basis of the identification by Lesquereux of Sphenophyllum furcatum Lx. in the Missouri flora, but I am inclined to believe that the enrollment of the latter species in the list from Henry County was based by him on fragments of S. emarginatum Brongn., in which the leaves are sometimes dissected nearly to the base. The true S. bifurcatum, as described from the “‘coal-bearing shales” of Washington County, Arkansas, is quite different from anything I have yet seen from the Missouri Coal Measures, and appar- eutly constitutes a good species of some stratigraphic value. Localities. —Owen’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5539, 5542, 5622, 5637, _ 5639, 5675; Deepwater, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5540, 5658; Gilkerson’s Ford, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5541; Hobbs’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5543. LYCOPODIALES. ‘ LEPIDODENDRE 4. LEPIDODENDRON Sternberg, 1820. 1820. Lepidodendron Sternberg, Fl. d. Vorw., vol. i, fase. 1, p. 25; tent. (1825), p. x. 1822. Sagenaria Brongniart, Mém. mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, p. 259. Of the five species of this genus occurring in the Lower Coal Measures in the region of Henry County, Missouri, two, Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx. and L. lanceolatum Lx., belong to older types of the genus, the former hay- ing been probably derived from L. Volkmannianum of the culm or some related species, while the latter is most intimately connected with the L. Sternbergii as identified by Professor Lesquereux from the Pottsville series. The study of the internal structure of a large number of the species of this genus shows a very great diversity of organization, especially with ref- erence to secondary or exogenous growth, some of the stems or branches presenting only the primary growth, while others contain a very elaborate 188 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. and complicated secondary or exogenous deyelopment.* The examination of the structure of certain dolomitized bolsters of Lepidophloios by Dr. Potonié? shows that the two lateral appendages below the leaf scar in Lepi- dodendron and Lepidophloios are the aerial terminations, beneath greatly thinned bolster walls, of strands of thin-walled parenchyma cells, apparently with intercellular spaces. These strands or ducts, whose function is regarded by Potonié as transpiratory, pass through the leaf scar by way of the lateral cicatricules and correspond with the two similar tracts found by Felix? in the cross section of the leaf of Lepidodendron selaginoides. Potonié follows Stur‘ in designating the trace on the bolster above the leaf scar in the Lepidodendree as the ‘“‘ligular pit,” on account of its supposed homol- ogy with the ligule of the recent Selaginella. The propriety of this corre- lation has, however, been doubted by a number of paleobotanists, among whom is Mr. Kidston.’ LEPIDODENDRON Brirrsit Lx. Pl UIT, Figs. 1, 2; Pl. LIL, Hig. 1; Pl GEV Wigs: 1.2: 187. Lepidodendron Brittsti Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 11, pl. xiii, figs. 1, 2; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 368. 1883. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 2, pl. xvii, figs. 4, 40. 1889. Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 313, 2 text figs. Stems of considerable size, slightly rigid, freely branching at a rather narrow angle in both equal and unequal dichotomies, the branches becom- ing slender, tapering slowly, flexuous, and plumose; bolsters contiguous, rhomboidal-oval, acute both above and below, sometimes nearly one-half as broad as long in the old stems, but generally fusiform, very slender, the 1Detailed descriptions of the structure of a number of species may be found in the series of memoirs published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, by the late Prof. W. C. Williamson, or in the painstaking studies of Professors Renault and Bertrand. pl. ix, fig. 3. . Sigillaria camptotenia Wood, Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. Ixxxviii, figs. 4-6; text (1888), p. 588. . Sigillaria monostigma Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 449, pl. xlii, figs. 1-5, ), Sigillaria monostigma Lesquereux, Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 446, pl. xxvi, fig. 5. . Sigillaria monostigma Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 15, pl. xxiii, figs. 3-6; text, vel. ii (1880), p. 468; vol. iii, p. 793 (pars?). . Lepidodendron cruciatum Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 432, pl. xxv, fig. 2. : Pseudosigillaria monostigma (Lx.) Grand ’Eury, FI. carb. Loire, p. 144. Pseudosigillaria monostigma (Lx.) Grand ’Eury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill, Gard, pp. 173, 260, pl. ix, figs. 4, 5, 6. . Pseudosigillaria dimorpha Grand Bury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pl. ix, figs. 7, 8. Sigillaria-Camptotienia monostigma (Lx.) Grand ’Hury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 262, pl. ix, figs. 4-7. . Sigillaria-Camptotenia gracilenta Grand ’Eury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 262, pl. ix, fig. 6 (pl. xxii, fig. 1?). ; Asolanus dimorpha (Grand ’Eury) Potonié, Jahrb. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., 1893, p. 36. FRUCTIFICATION. . An Sigillariostrobus Laurencianus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 794? Roors. Sigillarioides stellaris Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p, 450, pl. xxix, fig. 3. Stigmaria stellaris Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 15, pl. Ixxiv, fig. 7 (fig. 5?); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 516. . Stigmaria ficoides Brongn. var. stellata Goepp., Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, vol. xiii, pt. 2, p. 96, pl. xix, fig. 4. Stigmaria ficoides Brongn. var. stellata Goepp., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. iii, p. 1074, text fig. Trunks large, branching rarely if at all, noncostate; surface of the cortex marked between the usually distant foliar cicatrices by rough, irregu- lar, ropelike stria or strands, especially distinct where the outer cuticle has been removed, in relief or semirelief, nearly covering the intermediate cortex, very coarse in the older trunks, somewhat meshed in irregular 232 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI longitudinal areoles, flexuose, and coursing from either of the four sides of every rhomboidal leaf scar toward the proximal side of the correspond- ing leaf scar, so that the principal and most conspicuous strands radiate from each leaf scar to the four nearest scars, the intermediate strands in the rhomboidal areas thus formed tending toward parallelism with the border that is nearest; foliar cicatrices borne on small bolsters, more or less distant, usually quite distant, probably in vertical rows, though plainly affecting a spiral arrangement, varying greatly in angle even in the same segment, transversely rhomboidal, with the lateral angles very acute and more or less prolonged, varying in altitude, the margins more concave in the vertically broader scars, or nearly straight in the vertically narrow forms, rounded below, often more or less distinctly emarginate at the upper edge, which is bordered above by a narrow, smooth, somewhat crescentic zone nearly one- half the altitude of the leaf scar, the convex, truncate-rounded margin upward, the wings or lateral angles tapering to the lateral angles of the scar, the upper border indented by a V-shaped depression which reaches nearly to the upper margin of the leaf scar and includes the suprafoliar punctiform trace; bolsters fusiform-triangular in a longitudinal sense, the broader end, narrower than the superimposed leaf scar, being upward and more prominent, while the lower end vanishes as an oblique section of a cylinder at the level of the cortex; surface of the bolster below the leaf scar and contiguous thereto bearing a thin, downward-rounded apronlike field, the lower margin of which is nearly semicircular; vascular trace small, situated near to or a little above the middle of the leaf scar, punctiform or slightly elongated horizontally ; lateral cicatricules a little distant on each side, narrow, linear-crescentic, nearly meeting both above and below the vascular trace, often having the appearance of, if not actually forming a ring or slightly obovate cicatricule, reaching nearly to the upper and lower margins of the leaf scars; partially decorticated stems, showing the rough striations less distinctly, substriate, and presenting only the somewhat linear- triangular outlines of the bolsters, marked by the cicatricular ring, the leaf scar and its superior and inferior fields being removed with the cuticle, or, when further stripped, revealing a Knorria form, the blunt, slightly promui- nent upper ends of the narrow, distant elevations corresponding to the vascular traces, while the intermediate surface is minutely and irregularly striated. LYCOPODIA LES—SUBSIGILLARLE—ASOLANUS. 233 The peculiar type of Sigillaria described in 1860 by Dr. Wood as Asolanus camptotenia and by Professor Lesquereux in 1866 as Sigillaria monostigma is now one of the more familiar and most easily recognized species in the Coal Measures of the United States. Therefore little need be added by way either of description or of illustration to the material pub- lished by the latter author in the Reports of the Geological Survey of Illinois and the Coal Flora." However, some additional details ascertained during the course of a critical examination of the leaf scars in the materials lately received, as well as in the older collections in the United States National Museum, are worthy of a brief consideration. As generally seen, the fragments of Sigillaria camptotenia show well enough the characters of the interfoliar cortical surface, but the leaf scars are presented in the published figures in a variety of aspects, some of which have been erroneously described as superficial, owing to the relative delicacy and consequent general absence of the tissue surmounting the narrow bolster or cushion. Thus the lateral angles of the foliar scars which seem to be most fragile are often first to be lost, leaving an apparently rounded, narrow leaf scar against which the cortical striations abut, the latter appearing, in fact, continuous over the surface originally covered by the leaf-scar angles. Suggestions of this phase are seen in the photographs, Pl. LXIX and Pl. LXX, Fig. 4. It is also well shown in Weiss’s fig. 25, pl. iv, vol. ui, of the “Sioilliarien,” though the striations in the cortex of the fragments illustrated are hardly typical of the species. When still further decorticated or abraded the leaf cushions often have the appearance shown in fig. 4 of pl. lxxiii of the Coal Flora. But in the best-preserved fragments we find the round, narrowly obovate-triangular or obovate-fusiform bolster, which does not even protrude so far as to become semicylindrical as it rises to the support 1 The general aspect of the decorticated and Knorria stages is seen in Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol.iv, 1870, pl. xxvi, fig. 5; op. cit., vol, ii, 1860, pl. xlii, fig. 4; Coal Flora, pl. Ixxiii, figs. 5, 6. Par- tially decorticated fragments are illustrated, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mlinois, vol. iy, pl. lxxiii, figs. 2,5; Coal Flora, pl. lxxiii, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6. The same conditions as well as the supracortical aspects are figured by Weiss, Sigillarien, vol. ii, 1893, pl. iv; and Grand ’Eury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pl. ix, figs. 4, 6, 7, and 8. The facies of the outer cortex is well represented by Wood, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., vol. xii, 1860, pl. iv, fig. 1; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xiii, 1866, pl. ix, fig. 3. The form of the leaf scars is seen in Lesquereux’s figures, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol ii, 1866, pl. xlii, figs. 1, 3, and5; Coal Flora, pl. xxiii, fig. 3, and in the figures cited under Zeiller in the above synonymy. The details of the foliate sears illustrated by Weiss, op. cit.. pl. iv, are the most complete and satisfactory yet published. 234 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. of the leaf, surmounted by (1) the leaf scar, the lateral angles of which project sharply beyond the borders of the cushion; (2) a thin apron or surplice-like area or shield which extends downward from the leaf scar, and is more or less round or sometimes even nearly semicircular in its lower outline. In some instances the boundary of this appears to correspond with the impression of the bolster, as illustrated in fig. 3 of the second volume of the Illinois reports. This area, which is dimly indicated in the partially decorticated fragment, Fig. 4, Pl. LXX, and further in Fig. 3, is well delineated by Weiss. In addition to this field the bolster supports another narrow transverse field contiguous to the upper border of the leaf sear. This vertically narrow field, which in its widest portion near the median line is nearly one-half the altitude of the leaf scar, rounds on either side of the middle to tapering acute lateral angles lying against the angles of the leaf sear, which is but little wider horizontally. This superior field, the lower border of which is the upper outline of the leaf scar, seems in a few cases to have been misinterpreted and misfigured as a part of the foliar cicatrix, an error easy to understand after a comparison of the photographs, Fig. 3 or Fig. 1, Pl. LXX. In Fig. 3, however, which represents a specimen on which a portion of the epidermis is preserved, it is clearly seen. Here it is found in most cases to be interrupted at the median line by a V-shaped depression, which penetrates from the upper border nearly across the field to the leaf scar. In the angle or depression thus formed is situated the suprafoliar, punctiform cicatrix or “ligular sear.” In many of the specimens this depres- sion resembles a V-shaped incision, but in reality the details of this field agree with interesting precision with material illustrated by Weiss and Sterzel.* In most of the stems and impressions, especially those from which the epidermis or a portion of the subjacent tissues have been removed, the lateral cicatricules of the leaf scar present what appears to be a slightly ovate or subannulate structure encircling and often obscuring the vascular trace. In the figure above referred to, which represents most of the cuticle, these cicatricules are linear-crescentic, and, while in one scar they appear to unite above, they are distinctly separate at the base. The close scrutiny of others convinces me, however, that they are a little distant at the top also. These details agree substantially with those illustrated in fig 23A on the ‘Op. cit., pl. iv, figs. 22a, 25a. LYCOPODIALES—SUBSIGILLARLE—ASOLANUS. ASD) interesting plate published by Weiss. Some of our leaf scars show evi- dence of ornamentation near the lower border between the lower ends of the lateral traces, but it is too obscure for satisfactory description or delineation. The homology of these extensively developed traces with the lateral cicatricules of the leaf scar in Lepidodendron or Lepidophloios, which are regarded by Potonié as the cross sections of transpiration strands, leads us to conclude that, if the hypothesis is not incorrect, the transpiration tissue of Sigillaria camptotenia was extensively developed, occupying a consider- able portion of the interior of the leaf. Another interesting feature in the species before us is the presence of interfoliate scars similar to those of other species of Sigillaria, especially the Tessellata and Favularia groups. The specimen (Fig. 3) from which the details of the bolster and leaf scar described above are taken is a portion of a slender stem or branch 46 cm. long and about 8 cm. wide, flattened and lenticular in section. Scattered somewhat irregularly on the lower 11 em. of this fragment are seen a number of rounded or oval pits, which, when the epidermis is preserved, are found to be bordered by a smooth, irregularly rounded zone containing a rather large central trace. These scars are quite independent of the leaf scars, which are complete and regu- larly disposed in the phyllotaxy, though perhaps slightly dwarfed. It is possible that they represent adventitious roots. But it seems more probable that they are the homologues of the interfoliate scars supposed to represent the cicatrices of the fallen strobili in other species of Sigillaria. As yet neither the cones nor even the mode of branching of Sigillaria camptotenia is definitely known. The cone described by Lesquereux’ as Sigillariostrobus Laurencianus and referred by him to the species in hand is not in actual union with the cortex contiguous to it in the fossil state. While appearing to represent a true Sigillariostrobus, its specific reference appears to be based solely on the circumstance of commingled fragments in the material from Kansas.’ To Sigillaria camptotenia probably belongs the Lepidodendron cruciatum described in 1870° from a single decorticated specimen with coarse, oblique = 1 Coal Flora, vol. iii, pp. 793, 794. ; 2 The specimens now in the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum are, as Pro- fessor Lesquereux pointed out, loc. cit., p. 794, clearly congeneric if not specifically identical with the cones earlier described by him as Trochophyllum clavatum, Coal Flora, p. 65, pl. iii, fig. 21. 5 Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 432, pl. xxv, fig. 2.- 236 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURL strie intersecting at the obscure scars. Likewise the Sigillaria Grand’ Euryi of Lesquereux,’ which was separated from S. camptotenia on account of the close leaf scars and the smooth cortex, is perhaps of doubtful specific value. The type specimen, which is comparable to fig. 8 (Pseudosigillaria dimorpha) on pl. ix of Grand ’Eury’s admirable work on the flora of the basin of Gard, is certainly extremely closely related. The leaf scars are close and obscure, the cortex being partly removed or wholly wanting in portions of the frag- ment. ‘The fact that it is found at Cannelton, Pennsylvania, where S. camp- totenia is present in great numbers, necessitates great caution in discussing its specific individuality. After examining all the material at my disposal I am convinced that the roots or rhizomes described as Sigillarioides stellaris® and later referred by Lesquereux to Stigmaria® belong to the subterranean or subaqueous portions of Sigillaria camptotenia. Although Sigillaria camptotenia is now known in most of the coal fields of Europe, there still remain some differences of opinion as to the identity of Dr. Wood’s tree with that described by Goldenberg as Sigillaria rimosa. Thus, while Zeiller,* Grand ’Eury,’ and Weiss® express their assurance that the two species are identical, in which view Potonié’ and Kidston* concur, Lesquereux and Nathorst® have questioned the propriety of the union. It is true that the quite distinct separation of the lateral cicatricules, which constituted the principal difference, in the yadgment of Professor Lesquereux, between S. rimosa Gold. (non Sauv.) and S. monostigma Lx., have been shown to be due to error, since the cicatricules of the original type of fig. 1 on pl. vi of the Flora Sareepontana Fossilis has been shown by Weiss and Nathorst, each of whom has refigured a part of the original, to agree, per- haps indistinguishably, with those of specimens whose identity with our species is indubitable. The extreme obliquity of the interfoliar cortical strie in Goldenberg’s figure, which, as Nathorst points out, do not pass so 1 Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 795. 2 Rept. Geol. Sury. Ilinois, vol. iv, 1870, p. 450, pl. xxix, fig. 3. 8Coal Flora, vol. ii, p.516, pl. xxiv, fig. 7. ‘FI. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, 1838, p. 590. *Géol. et paléont. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 261. 6Sigillarien d. Pr. Steink. u. Rothl., pt. 2, 1893 (1894), p. 68. 7Jahrb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad_, 1893 (1894), p. 35. 8 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxvi, pt. 1, 1891, p. 16. ‘Zur paliiozoischen “lora der Polarliinder, 1894, p. 64. LYCOPODIALES—SUBSIGILLARLMZ—ASOLANUS., 230 directly nor meet the four neighboring scars as in S. camptotenia, is hardly less apparent in Weiss’s or Nathorst’s figures of portions of the type specimen. The difference is still more marked in the small sketch given by Schenk.! For my own part I can say only that among several scores of specimens from the Coal Measures of Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, I have not seen any with strie arranged in this manner. This form, together possibly with the phases illustrated by Weiss, op. cit. figs. 24 and 28, appears to represent a variation tending toward the other Leiodermaria. At least they are not typical of the American form, though their departure therefrom may be less than varietal in importance. I regard fig. 2 of Gold- enberg’s plate as quite different from the species in hand, as may also be figs. 3 and 4 of the same plate. The Lepidodendron barbatum of Roemer* seems to be near these, though it may be merely a fragment of Sigillaria camptotenia in which the leaf scars are abraded or partially decorticated. The reference of Grand ’Eury’s Sigillaria camptotenia gracilenta to Dr. Wood's species, made by Sterzel,? and more recently by Potonié,‘ in his very interesting studies on the zone variations in Sigillaria, may be fully substantiated by an examination of the American material, while phases, such as that named Pseudosigillaria dimorpha on Grand ‘Eury’s plate,’ are well illustrated in the fine series from Cannelton, now a part of the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum. The discovery almost simultaneously by Weiss® and Zeiller’ on the trunks of Sigilaria Brardii Brongn. of both the typical form and arrange- ment of the sears of that species and other distantly disposed scars referable to S. spinulosa Germ. has since been supplemented by abundant evidence, thus proving the impracticability of longer attempting to maintain the dis- tinction of Clathraria or Cancellata and Leiodermaria. Accordingly, most Die fossilen Pflanzenreste, 1888, p. 82, fig. 41. * Beitr. z. geol. Kenntn. n.-w. Harzgebirges, p. 40, pl. viii, fig. 12. ‘J.T. Sterzel, in Weiss: Sigillarien d. Preuss. Steinkohl. u. Rothl., pt. ii, p. 67, footnote. ‘Die Wechsel-Zonen-Bildung der Sigillariaceen: Jahrb. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst. u. Bergakad., 1893 (1894), p. 36. 5Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pl. ix, figs.7,8. Fig. 7 is also cited in the text as Sig. campt. monostigma. ° Beobachtungen an Sigillarien von Wettin und Umgegend: Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xli, 1889, p. 376. *Sur les variations de formes du Sigillaria Brardii Brongniart: Bull. soc. géol, Fr., (3) vol. xvii, p. 603, pl. xiv. 238 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. paleobotanists are now agreed in treating the forms previously distributed in the above sections as a single group or subgenus of Sigillaria. Thus they were made by the late C. E. Weiss the subject of an elaborate and admirable discussion, since completed with conscientious efficiency and delicacy by Dr. Sterzel, under the title Die Subsigillarien.. This term for the group was adopted by Potonié,” who for the Rhytidolepis, Tessellata, and Favularia sections (or Rhytidolepis in the broadest sense) employs the group name Eusigillarie. M. Grand ’Eury, who at first ranged the species grouped about Sigillaria camptotenia in a genus which he named Pseudosigillaria and placed in the Lepidodendree,’ has since restored them to the Sigillarie under the comprehensive group term Sigillarie-camptotenie,* which cum- bersome and inconvenient term he adopts, in the singular, for generic use, employing for the type described by Wood the name Sigillaria-camptotenia monostigna Lesq. Potonié rightly points out the propriety of retaining for Wood's genus, amended, the original name Asolanus. It is interesting to note that Nathorst® particularly remarks on the characters in common between Sigillaria rimosa and Bothrodendron (Cyclo- stigma) Kiltorkense Haught. sp., which he regards as probably related, while Weiss® includes in the Subsigillarie both the Cyclostigma (Bothrodendron?) Kiltorkense, and the genus Bothrodendron, the latter bemg enrolled as a sub- genus of Sigillariee. To the writer the group of species centered about S. camptotenia Wood, S. corrugata Lx., or Bothrodendron, seems to stand on the side of the Sigillariee that is nearest the Lepidodendree, between which and the Sigillariee it helps to bridge the gap. Sigillaria camptotenia is distinguished from other species in the group Subsigillarie by the concave lateral’ margins of the distant leaf scars, the attenuated lateral angles, the very long, linear, crescentic, lateral cicatricules, extending nearly the whole height of the scar and apparently forming an oval or obovate ring, and especially by the ropy, meshed cortical striations extending from each leaf scar to the four scars nearest thereto. Localities.—Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6064; Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 6063. | Die Sigillarien der Preussischen Steinkohlen und Rothliegendengebiete, vol. ii; Die Gruppe der Subsigillarien; Abh. d. k. Pr. geol. Landesanst., N. F., Hft. 2, Berlin, 1893, pp. xvi, 255. Atlas, pl. i-xxviil. 2 Loe. cit., p. 24. 5 Op. cit., p. 64. ’FI. carb. Loire, 1877, p. 142. © Op. cit., p. 60. 4Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 260. LYCOPODIALES—SUBSIGILLARILZ—ASOLANUS. 239 SIGILLARIA (ASOLANUS) SIGILLARIOIDES (Lx.). Pl. LXX, Fig. 2. 1879. Lepidophloios? sigillarioides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 13, pl. Ixviil, figs. 8, 8a. 1880. Lepidophloios sigillarioides Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 425. Trunks large, the epidermis finely longitudimally shagreened over the traces of broad, low, irregular, diagonal or longitudinal, irregularly meshed, strandlike, very obscure ridges of the cortex; bolsters usually distant, apparently spirally arranged, small, very broadly obovate or obovate- triangular, smooth, nearly covered by the leaf scar and two vertically narrow fields, one superior and one inferior to the leaf scar; leaf scar on the upper part of the small bolster, transversely rhomboidal, laterally acute, the transverse diameter being greater than the width of the bolster, sab- angular at the apex, slightly acute at the lower angle, the margins on either side of the latter being distinctly concave; inferior field contiguous to the lower borders of the leaf scar, equal or nearly equal to the latter in trans- verse diameter, and having the lower margin rounded or nearly semicir- cular; superior field very narrow vertically, extending nearly the whole width of the sear, the middle portions of the sides nearly straight, the medial angle rounded-truncate or even slightly emarginate, marked just above the center by a minute punctiform trace; vascular cicatricule near or a little above the middle of the foliar cicatrix, transverse, short; lateral cicatricules linear-crescentic, arching outward, the upper ends close, near the margin of the scar, the lower portions approaching nearly to the vascular trace; subcortical phases and cones unknown. While examining the specimens in the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum I was much interested at finding three specimens from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, which had been identified by Pro- fessor Lesquereux as Sigillaria fissa Lx. he inspection of one (No. 6660) of these specimens revealed at once the general very close resemblance of the parts connected with the leaf scar to the corresponding portions of Sigillaria camptotenia Wood. But my attention was at once engaged by the similarity of the impression of certain portions of the cortex, in which the bolsters were so flattened in the course of fossilization as to partially cover the scars, to the structure figured in the Coal Flora from the 240 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. type of Lepidophloios ? sigillarioides Lx.’ Later I received from Dy. Britts, through whose unfailing courtesies I have had the opportunity to study many of the paleobotanical types from the Missouri Coal Measures, the original type described and illustrated by Lesquereux. A comparison of this type with the material labeled Sigillaria fissa, mentioned above, shows at once not only that they all belong to the same species, but that the frag- ments belong to the same individual, since No. 6660 is merely the adjoming and contiguous segment of stem fitting against the type partially illustrated as Lepidophloios sigillarioides. The two fragments were either separated at the time of collection or one was afterwards misplaced. Both of these frag- ments, which may be treated as one, represent the impression of a trunk 12 em. or more in width on the matrix. No. 6659, a portion of which is shown in Pl. LXX, Fig. 2, is a fragment of that portion of the flattened stem itself which made the impression just described, and when placed in its original position it is found to lie across the line of fracture between No. 6660 and the type of the Lepidophloios, covering, in fact, a portion of both. The intimate relationship of the species in hand to Sigillaria canpto- tenia is very obvious. The bolsters are distant and similar, though shorter and proportionately wider in the material under consideration, there being but little trace of the bolster below the inferior field. The outer sur- face of the stem is finely shagreened, the longer axes being longitudinal. There are even slight traces of an irregular, ropy striation comparable to S. camptotenia, but the broad strands are low, when present, faint and nearly vertical. As in the latter species, the leaf scars project beyond the bolster, and are apparently epidermal in their connection; but the scar is more angular above, and, especially, rather narrowly angular below, so that the vertical diameter is proportionately much greater, the lower mar- gins being much more convex. The superior and inferior fields are much broader vertically in S. camptotenia. In S. sigillarioides the lateral cicatri- cules are higher in the leaf scar, distinctly separate, and more arched. ‘Sigillaria fissa Lx., as described and figured from the Southern Anthra- cite field of Pennsylvania,’ has the cortex marked in “narrow, undulate, a be smooth lines,” its scars ‘‘ cordate,” emarginate, and its punctiform vascular 1 Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 13, pl. Ixviii, figs. 8, 8a; text, vol. ii, p. 425. 2 Lesquereux, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., vol. vi, 1854, p. 426; Geol. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, 2, 1858, p. 871, pl. xiii, fig. 4. LYCOPODIALES—EUSIGILLARIAI—SIGILLARIA. QA trace near the center of a triangular-obovate, raised placque, or possibly a ring. The figure of the species is quite unsatisfactory, but we may infer from its details that it represents a species belonging to the Subsigillaria. It is, however, impossible to identify the character of the leaf scar, as given in both the figure and the description of &. jissa, with those seen in the type of Lepidophloios sigillarioides. Hence, notwithstanding the unpleasant features of the binomial, there seems, in compliance with the laws of nomen- clature, no alternative to the preservation of the earlier specific appellation, and the consequent designation of the species as Sigillaria sigillarioides. Localities —Near Clinton, Henry County, Missouri. The portion figured by Lesquereux is in the collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton. Fragments of the same specimen are Nos. 6659 and 6660 of the Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum. Hobbs’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6173. HUSIGILLARIA. SIGILLARIA TESSELLATA (Steinh.) Brongn. 1818. Phytolithus tessellatus Steinhauer, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., vol. i, p. 295, pl. vii, fig. 2. 1835. Phytolithus tessellatus Steinh., Holland, Hist. Descr. Foss. Fuel, p. 94, text fig. 5. 1820. An Palmacites variolatus Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, p. 393, pl. xv, fig. 3a, b? 1828. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 65. 1836. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., vol. i, p. 436, pl. clxii, figs. 1-4; pl. elvi, fig. 1. 1850. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Mantell, Pict. Atl., p. 27, pl. v, fig. 8. 1855. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Geinitz, Verst. Steinkohl. Sachsen, p. 44, : pl. v, figs. 6-8. 1857. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Goldenberg, Fl. Foss. Sarzep., vol. ii, p. 29, figs. 14, 15. 1879. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Schimper, Traité, vol. i, p. 8 (pars), pl. Ixviii, fig. 2 (figs. 1,37). 1875. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., W. H. Bailey, Figs. Char. Brit. Foss., pl. xxxiv, figs. 5, 50. 1876. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. bohm. Kohlen-Abl., vol. iii, p. 7 (pl.i, figs. 1, 2?). 1878. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Zeiller, Vég. foss. terr. houill., p. 132, pl. elxxiii, fig. 2. 1879. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 14, pl. Ixxii, fig. 2 (32,42); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 481 (pars). 1881. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Weiss, Aus d. Fl. d. Steink., p. 4, pl. i, fig. 4. MON XXXxviI——16 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. }. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valen- ciennes, Atlas, pl. Ixxxv, figs. 1-4, 4a, 5-9, 9a; pl. 1xxxvi, figs. 1-6; text (1888), p. 561. 5. Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Weiss, Sig. d. Pr. Steink., vol. i, p. 56, pl. xv, figs. 9, 10, 32 (21, 262). . Sigillaria tesseliata (Steinh.) Brongn., Toula, Die Steinkohlen, p. 199, pl. iv, fig. 9. . Sigillaria tessellata (Steinh.) Brongn., Grand’Hury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 252, pl. x, fig. 10. . Favularia tessellata (Steinh.) Lindley and Hutton, Foss. F1., vol. i, p. 205, pl. [xxiii, pl. Ixxiy, pl. Ixxy. . Sigillaria Knorrii Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., p. 444, pl. elvi, figs. 2,3; pl. clxii, fig. 6. . Sigillaria Knorrii Brongn., Goldenberg, Fl. Foss. Sarep., vol. ii, p. 28, pl. vii, fig. 18, 3. Sigillaria Knorrii Brongn., O. Feistmantel, Verst. béhm. Kohlen-Abl., vol. iii, p. 9, pl. i, figs. 7, 8. . An Sigillaria alveolaris (Stb.) Brongniart, Hist. vég. foss., vol. i, p. 443, pl. elxii, y FD fig. 5? . Calamosyriny Zwickaviensis Petzholdt, De Bal. et Cal., p. 28, pl. ii, figs. 1, 2. . Calamosyrine Zwickaviensis Petzholdt, N. Jahrb. f. Min., p. 183, pl. v. . Sigillaria Zwickaviensis (Petz.) Goeypert, in Bronn: Index Pal., p. 1145. . Sigillaria Morandii Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., p. lvii, fig. 4. . Sigillaria Morandii Sauv., Weiss, Sigill. d. Pr. Steink., vol. i, p. 60, pl. xv, fig. 24. . Sigillaria sewangula Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. lili, fig. 1 (fig. 2?). . Sigillaria contigua Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. li, fig. 1. . Sigillaria lalayana Schimper, Traité, vol. ii, p. 84, pl. Ixvii, fig. 2. . Sigillaria lalayana Schimper, in Zittel: Handb., vol. ii, p. 205, fig. 155, . Sigillaria Dournaisii Brongn., Schimper, Traité, Atlas, p. 24, pl. [xviii, fig. 2. . Sigillaria mammillaris Brongn., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 14, pl. xxii, fie. 5 (fig. 62); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 483 (pars). 3. Sigillaria alternans L. and H., Achepohl, Niederrh.-Westfil. Steink., p. 24, pl. v, fig. 3. A few fragments of the carbonized cortex of this species were found among the fragments of black laminated “bone” from Jordan’s coal mine. The leaf scars, which are very close vertically, are separated horizontally by a faintly flexuose, lineate furrow, so that our specimens very closely resemble, both in size and in aspect, the enlargements of Sigillaria cumulata var, paucistriata given by Weiss' in his elaboration of the Favularie. ‘The form in hand probably represents the variety y of Brongniart. Although Sigillaria tessellata is kept separate from S. elegans Brongn. by 1 Die Sigillarien d. Preuss. Steinkohlen: Abh. d. geol. Specialk. Pr. u. Thiiring. St., vol. vii, 3, p. 30, pl. ix, figs. 34 a, b. LYCOPODIALES—EUSIGILLARL#—SIGILLARIA. 243 many paleontologists, among whom is Professor Zeiller,! the two species are united by most authors, including Professor Lesquereux. The latter, however, seems to have so interpreted the character of the species as to make it include a number of forms placed by European paleobotanists in other species, while assigning to S. mammillaris Brongn. certain types which appear to harmonize better with the European S. tessellata. The genus Sigillaria offers perhaps the best illustration of the difficulty of identifying the fossils of one continent in accordance with the insufficient descriptions, imperfect or often misleading figures, and frequently erroneous nomenclature and synonymy in the earlier literature of another and some- what distant continent. It is no cause for wonder if many of the iden- tifications of material in America made in dependence on the European literature of the first three-quarters of this century are found on a compari- son of specimens to be faulty. Locality.—Jordan’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6214. SIGILLARIA OVATA Sauv. 1848. Sigillaria ovata Sauveur, Vég. foss. terr. houill. Belg., pl. li, fig. 2. 1886. Sigillaria ovata Sauv., Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. Ixxix, figs. 4, 5, 5a, 6, 7 (fig. 32); text (1888), p. 522. 1883. Sigillaria Hssenia Achepohl, Niederrh.-Westfil. Steink., p. 118, pl. xxxvi, fig. 9. Several fragments of stems belonging to the subgenus Rhytidolepis exhibit oval scars of the proportions illustrated by Sauveur under the above name. They are also closely related to forms determined by Professor Lesquereux as S. mammillaris var. latior and S. orbicularis, or still more closely to a new species” from the Anthracite series of Pennsylvania. Until the American material in this genus is somewhat revised it seems impracticable to attempt to point out the specific differences between examples referred to the above-named species and others found in this country. Locality—Jordan’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6215. 1 Fl, foss. bassin houill, Valenciennes, p. 561. 2In unpublished MSS. 244 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. STIGMARIA Brongniart, 1822. Mém. Mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, p. 228. STIGMARIA VERRUCOSA (Martin) 8. A. Miller. 1804. Parkinson, Org. Rem., vol. 1, pl. iii, fig. 1. 1809. Phytolithus verrucosus Martin, Outlines, p. 203. 1809. Phytolithus verrucosus Martin, Petrificata Derb., pls. xi, xii, xiii*; Syst. arrange- ment, p. 23. 1818. Phytolithus verrucosus (Martin) Steinhauer, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. i, p. 268, pl. iv, figs. 1-4 (5, 6?). 1820. Variolaria ficoides Sternberg, Fl. d. Vorw., vol. i, fase. 1, p. 24, pl. xl, figs. 1-3 1822. Stigmaria ficoides (Stb.) Brongniart, Mém. Mus. hist. nat., vol. viii, pp. 228, 239, pl. 1, fig. 7. This ubiquitous species, ranging through the greater part of the Car- boniferous epoch, is too well known to all geologists to require further description in order to secure its recognition. Besides the figures to be found in nearly all text-books and general paleontologie works, it has been specially illustrated in many papers. Of particular importance among the latter is “A Monograph on the Morphology and Histology of Stigmaria Ficoides,” by the late Prof. W. C. Williamson, published by the Palzeonto- graphical Society.’ No attempt is here made to cite the numerous descrip- tions, the multitudes of figures by Goeppert and others, or the somewhat varied synonymy, beyond reference to the earlier binomial appellations. The specific identity of the specimens figured by Parkinson, Stein- hauer, and Martin with those illustrated by Sternberg and Brongniart, on which most paleobotanists agree, involves a nomenclatural situation of no little embarrassment.. Steinhauer, whose specific terms are as far as possible respected by most authors, cites Parkinson’s excellent fig- ure,” while adopting the binomial designation proposed for this type and both defined and illustrated by Martin.’ There is no doubt as to the spe- cific identity of Parkinson’s illustration, and it is generally inscribed in the 1 London, 1887, pp. iv, 1-62, pls. i-xv. 2 Organic Remains of a Former World, ete., 1804, pl. iii, fig. 1. 3 The construction and scope of the name Phytolithus verrucosus are clearly and explicitly defined in Martin’s ‘‘ Outlines of an attempt to establish a knowledge of extraneous fossils on scientific prin- ciples.” Macclesfield, 1809. See Sect. v, “Principles of nomenclature,” pp. 198-205. See “ Petrificata Derbiensia,” 1809, Systematic Arrangement, p. 23, pls. xi, xii, xili*. LYCOPODIALES—SIGILLARIEA—STIGMARIA. 245 synonymy ' of Stigmaria ficoides, as are also the reduced figures given by Mar- tinand Steinhauer. We appear, therefore, to have had in use for this Stigmaria asufficiently defined and illustrated binomial appellation of earlier date than the name proposed by Sternberg. Hence, if this‘is true, we should, in the con- sistent observance of laws generally just and tending to uniformity and preci- sion in paleontologic nomenclature, employ the earlier name of the species, although conscious of the annoyance or disadvantage to geologists and others not in close touch with paleobotanical literature resulting from the reference to this most familiar fossil under an entirely unfamiliar specific name. Among the specimens in the present collection is one with rather dis- tant pits, the intermediate surface being rugose and irregularly wrinkled longitudinally. It is difficult to say, however, to what extent these charac- ters may be due to the pressure the fragment has evidently undergone. Locality—Gilkerson’s Ford, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6271; also in shale from the same region, transmitted by Dr. J. H. Britts. STIGMARIA EVENII Lx. 1866. Stigmaria Evenii Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, p. 448, pl. xxix, fig. 9. 1879. Stigmaria Eventi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. xxv, fig. 1. 1886, Stigmaria Eventi Lx., Zeiller, Fl. toss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xci, fig. 7; text (1888), p. 618. ! Examples are: 1832. Lindley and Hutton, Foss, Flora, vol. i, p. 92, pl. xxxi. 1841. Unger, Chloris Protogea, p. liii; Synopsis, 1845, p. 116, and (as Stig. anabathra) Gen. Sp. Pl. Foss., 1850, p. 228. 1841. Goeppert, Gattungen, p.47; Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. iii, 1851, p.279. Ueber- gangsgebirge, 1852, p. 245. Foss. Fl. perm, Form., 1864, p. 198. 1853. Geinitz, Preisschrift, p. 59. 1862. Goldenberg, Fl. Sarep. Foss., vol. iii, p. 19 (syn. S. anabathra). 1869. Von Roehl, Foss. Fl. Steink. Westphalens, p. 119 (syn. S. anabathra). 1871. Weiss, Foss. F]. Steink. u. Rothl. Saar-Rh. Geb., p. 169. 1872. Schimper, Traité, vol. ii, p. 114. 1875. Binney, Obs. Struct. Foss., pt. iv, p. 189 1876. O. Feistmantel, Verst. bbhm. Kohlen-Ablag., vol. iii, p. 41. 1880. Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 514. 1886. Kidston, Cat. Pal. Pl., p. 203; Yorkshire Carb. Flora, pt. i, p. 7. 1887. Williamson, Monogr. Stig. ficoides, p. 2. 1888. Howse, Cat. Foss. Pl. Hutton Coll., p. 107 (123). 1880. Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, p. 611 (cites Parkinson). 1890. Renault, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, vol. ii, p. 552 (cites Parkinson). “T have not thought it necessary to refigure the common aspects of Stigmaria ficoides with its attached rootlets. Every geologist is familiar with these forms. Such figures have been well sup- plied by Martin under the name of Phytolithus verrucosus; by Artis as Ficoidites furcatus, verrucosus, and major; by Lindley and Hutton and by Corda as Stigmaria ficoides.” (Williamson, Monograph of Stigmaria ficoides, 1887, p. 2.) 246 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. 1890. Stigmaria Eventi Lx., Grand Bury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, pl. xiii, figs. 7 BY, 13. 1880. Stigmarioides Evenii Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. i, p. 333, pl. Ixxy, fig. 1. 1890. Stigmarioides Hvenii Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ili, p.1077, text fig. 1890. Stigmariopsis Evenii (Lx.), Grand ’Eury, Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 243, pl. xiii, figs. 7, 13. Although the scars on the specimens which I refer to this species are slightly smaller than those illustrated in fig. 1, pl. Ixxv, of the Coal Flora, they are in perfect agreement with material from Mazon Creek, Illinois, labeled by Professor Lesquereux under the above name. One of the specimens from Missouri is 26 em. in length, over 15 em. in width, and nearly flat, thus indicating for the root a great size as compared with the very small umbilical sears. The latter appear to be proportionately smaller than in the specimens figured by Zeiller and Grand ’Eury. M. Grand ’Eury illustrates’ a most interesting erect trunk of an unmistakable Sigillaria (S. Mauwvicii) of the Rhytidolepis group, 150 em. long, in which the lower por- tion for nearly 75 cm. between the ribbed portion and the point of origin of the roots is slightly dilated, cylindrical, and Syringodendroid in its sculpture. The rapidly tapering roots which diverge, apparently radially, from the base of this trunk are identified as Stigmaria Eventi, which name is engraved on the plate, although the figure is cited in the text as Stigmariopsis Evenii Lx. The latter genus is used by Grand ’Eury to designate the usually relatively short, tapering roots at the base of Sigillarioid trunks, while the Stigmarie are regarded by him as floating or submerged independent rhizomes capa- ble of transformation and the development of Sigillarie whenever they might encounter favorable conditions or the proper environment. Stigmaria Evenii Lx. is easily distinguished from the other species described from this country by its small scars quite irregularly and unevenly arranged. Locality —Mine at Deepwater, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6272. STIGMARIOID IMPRESSION. Pl. LXX, Fig. 5. The fragment illustrated in Pl. LXX, Fig. 5, is one of two specimens, apparently impressions, to which the epidermis or a portion of the cortical layers still adheres in the form of a thin carbonaceous residue. The surface, 1Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, Atlas, pl. xiii, fig. 7B’. TANIOPHYLLEH—TANIOPHYLLUM. 247 as will be observed in the figure, is marked by irregularly flexuose, subpar- allel, distantly anastomosing, narrow, sharp, rugose ridges. The fragments appear to belong to some root or rhizome. The suggestiveness of the sculp- ture of the cortical striation of Sigillaria camptotenia, which is found at this locality, leads me to suspect that it may be a part of that tree, although the specimens have no trace of a rhomboidal arrangement or of cicatrices. Locality.—Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6067. INCERT4 SEDIS. TEINIOPHYLLEA. TANIOPHYLLUM Lesquereux, 1878. 1878. Tentophyllum Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, p. 331; Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 461. 1878. Desmiophyllum Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, p. 332; Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 556. TANIOPHYLLUM LATIFOLIUM 0. sp. Pl. UXITI, Fig. 4; Pl. LX XI. Axis attaining a diameter of 10 em. or more, simple (2), straight, or flexuose, concealed in compressed specimens by a thick mat of the decurrent leaf bases, and marked in the decorticated impressions by numerous oval or linear-oval umbilicoid small sears among lax, variable, subparallel vascular striae; leaves (?) crowded at the strongly decurrent narrowed bases, curving outward and radiating parallel, linear, straight, or lax, appearing in com- pound specimens as ribbonlike, fine-nerved, delicate impressions, 8 to 35 cm. or more in length, 3 to 20 mm. in width, the sides parallel except near the base, with a very thin carbonaceous residue marked here and there at distant points by very small oval umbilical scars, and covering a longitu- dinal fascicle of strands 1 to 3 mm. wide, and either straight or winding irregularly with slight curves within the borders; uncompressed leaves probably oval or cylindrical, lax, and consisting of a central (?) fascicle or a vascular axis, between which and the outer sheath the tissue is either lacuneous or very delicate and perishable, so that the central fascicle is usually relaxed as if in a cavity during fossilization; the small oval umbili- coid scars occurring generally remotely on the leaves correspond to the irregular points of origin of other smaller leaves (?) extending out, generally 248 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. at a very open angle, from the larger ones; nervation usually obscure but often distinct in portions of the same leaf; nerves parallel, close, rounded, numbering about 40 to the centimeter; epidermis marked with rows of longitudinal cells or fine striz numbering about 18 to the millimeter. The fragments collected at Deepwater by Dr. Jenney, of the United States Geological Survey, and by Dr. Britts, furnish some interesting details as to the superficial characters of Teniophyllum, although the generic type still remains unique and somewhat anomalous among Paleozoic plants. The general form of the organism, as seen in a number of specimens, com- prises a great number of streamer-like, rather delicate leaves whose decur- rent and crowded bases cover and conceal a thick, somewhat rigid axis several centimeters in diameter. On one large slab, which is 80 em. long and 48 cm. wide, there is near the left border a portion of a trunk or branch about 5 em. in diameter, its surface covered by the matted and ecar- bonized compressed decurrent bases of the leaves, which pass off, nearly parallel, to the right, becoming somewhat crinkled in the matrix, but apparently as wide at the broken ends as at any point in the remaining portions. Most of the leaves are large, some of the incomplete segments being 30 em. long and generally 15 to 17 mm. in width. Mingled with these leaves are portions of small leaves somewhat irregularly disposed. The general aspect of the segments of these organs, which for the sake of convenience I shall call leaves, is better seen in Pl. LXXI. This specimen shows the usual very thin pellicle of coaly residue, with its minute striation or rows of cells, while here and there the rather fine nervation is visible to the unaided eye, although it is more often scarcely to be distinguished with a lens beneath the striated epidermis. Showing clearly through the compressed wall of the leaf is seen the loose fascicle of parallel longitudinal vascular strands, about 2 or 3 mm. in width, passing straight or with a sinuous course at various oblique angles to the nervation. This fascicle or axis is seen in nearly all the leaves, and branches pass from it into the smaller leaflets. It is clear that these lie in the interior of the leaf. In their form and mode of occurrence .they are suggestive of the axis of the Stigmaria rootlet and may be the homologue of the latter. Here and there on the leaves small umbilicoid or Stigma- rioid cicatrices are found. They are never frequent, but are usually rather distant, and, so far as I have observed, they are without a regular system TBHNIOPHYLLE®—TENIOPHYLLUM. QAI of phyllotaxy. These cicatrices, several of which are indicated in the figure last mentioned, are the points of origin of small leaflets, fragments of which are noticed on the large slab. Usually these leaflets are found still attached to the larger leat. The form of the scars of the small leaves, as well as the irregular sinuosity of the axis within the larger leaves, suggests that the latter, when uncompressed, are cylindrical or rounded, a suggestion that is demonstrated by a number of cross fractures, two of which are obliquely seen in Pl. LXXI. It is probable that the main body of the tissue within the relatively thin wall of the leaf is composed of delicate material, such as thin-walled parenchyma cells, perhaps with cavities, environing the central fascicle or axis, so that during the maceration attend- ing fossilization the interior often became hollow or partially so, thus releasing the unsupported axis, which les somewhat flexuose between the walls of the collapsed leaf. In No. 644 these axial fascicles, which may also be found in the leaflets, are plainly seen, as is also the nervation. Specimen No. 645 shows a rather slender segment of what appears to be a slender branch, 10 em. long and 8 mm. wide near the base, bearing several leaflets, seemingly without system, and terminating in a tuft of leaves. The mutual relation of the leaflets is better indicated in Fig. 4, Pl. LXIII. Here we find a segment which seems by its texture, nervation, striation, the presence of the rather lax fascicle, and its size to represent an isolated leaf or small axis from which pass several leaflets. The latter have the characters of the larger leaflets. At both upper points of division we see the bases of two leaves, apparently originating at the same or approxi- mate points. This feature, as well as the general aspect of the large segment, may be compared with the figure of Desmiophyllum gracile given by Lesquereux in the Coal Flora." The type of the latter species and genus is now No. 9251 in the Lacoe collection, it having formerly rested in the Lesquereux collection. As noted by Lesquereux,’ the round points showing sears of bundles of leaves are seen all along the stem. This fasciculate habit of the leaves in some places, while at other points they were single, seemed anomalous to him. In fact, this character appears to have consti- tuted the essential basis for the separation of this type from Teniophyl- lum, with the leaves of which the leaves of Desmiophyllum were said to 1 Pl. Ixxsii, fig.1. Proce. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, 1878, pl. liii. fig. 1, p. 333. 2Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 556. 250 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. agree. A close examination of the axis of Desmiophyllum shows, however, that the leaves come from scars closely, although irregularly, situated, as in the Missouri specimen. The scars, which are likewise umbilicoid, are scarcely arranged in nodes, though an approximation to grouping is seen in both specimens. Finally, the nature of the leaf, with thin walls, an internal lax vascular fascicle, and small umbilicate scars, is, as Professor Lesquereux remarked, apparently the same as in Teniophyllum. In short, the re-exami- nation of the original of Desmiophyllum and the comparison of the latter with the Missouri specimen of Teniophyllum now under consideration leave, in my judgment, no generic distinction between the two plants, the essential differences, such as the greater frequency of the scars on the main seement and the finer and more obscure nervation in the former, being of merely specific value. Accordingly I have little hesitation in uniting the genus Desmiophyllum to Teniophyllum, which preceded it in the literature. The compressed condition of the main axes, which are covered with a thick mask of flattened carbonized leaf bases, conveys but little informa- tion that is satisfactory regarding the mode of attachment of the larger leaves. Portions, however, of two fragments, Nos. 647 and 648, exhibit what appear to be impressions of segments of the axes. These, which are slightly rugose, striated, and covered with rather coarse vascular lines, are marked, generally indistinctly, by rather close, small, Stigmarioid scars, narrowly obovate, or nearly V-shaped at the base. The mode of arrange- ment of these scars, which plainly correspond to those of the leaflets on the leaves, is not at all clear, owing perhaps to imperfect exposure or deformity of the axis itself, but here and there they have at least the appearance of being spirally arranged. If this is the case, the scars may be 3 or 4 mm. distant in the same spiral, the distance between the spirals being about 5mm. Additional material is needed in order to definitely ascertain their true relations. The generic identity of the specimens from Missouri with the speci- mens from Cannelton described as Teniophyllum is at once apparent on an examination of the original specimens described by Professor Lesquereux. The thin-walled, cavernose character of the compressed leaves of Tenio- phyllum and their decurrent bases were described by the author of the genus. The material from Cannelton in the Lacoe collection well illustrates the contraction of the leaf bases, and the lax, flexuose, fascicular axis. In fact, TA NIOPHYLLES—TAHNIOPHYLLUM. 251 the leaves of 7. decurrens, which is nearest to the species from Missouri, differ only by the rather small size, the greater infrequency of the branch- ing, and the slightly finer, usually more obscure, nervation. The leaf scars on the main axes appear also to be umbilical though very narrow, being, in fact, linear-ovate. This is the case on all the seg- ments of main axis found, including No. 9256 of the Lacoe collection, a part of which is seen in fig. 1 on pl. Ixxxi of the Coal Flora. The V-shaped traces delineated in that figure erroneously represent merely the round lower ends of the leaf scars. The generic identity of the plants from Missouri and Pennsylvania is strong and most unequivocal. With regard to the relations of the plants in the genus Teniophyllum, little that is conclusive can yet be said. When first describing the genus! Pro- fessor Lesquereux was disposed, on account of the form and supposed mode of attachment of the leaves, to associate it with the Gymnosperms, though regarding it as perhaps constituting a family distinct from the Cordaitee. Later, in the second volume of the Coal Flora, he describes the occurrence of spores in the cavernose leaves, and ranks the genus with the Lycopodiacee, with a suggested comparison with Jsoetes, a comparison and presumed relation that are emphasized in the third volume’ of the same work. These spores are present in two or three of the specimens in the collection. They are undoubtedly macrospores of the Triletes type, and, since I am unable to find any of them actually within the leaves, their position being, on the other hand, in groups or singly scattered irregularly about among the leaves,* I am led to regard them as extraneous. It seems probable that, as frequently happens with these bodies, they were lodged or drifted among the leaves of the Teniophyllum, just as were the pinnules of Linopteris and fragments of Pecopteris found associated with the group of spores in one of the specimens from Cannelton, and should not therefore have ereat influence in any speculation as to the affinities of the genus. A cireumstance of considerable interest, if not significance, is the association, described in one specimen by Lesquereux,® of the leaves of Teniophyllum with the Caulopteroid fern trunks published by him as Sten- matopteris Schimperi. The specimen, No. 9250 of the Lacoe collection, 1 Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, 1878, p. 330. 2 P. 463. 3, 788. 4In Teniophyllum brevifolium Lx. they are not described as found within the leaves. See Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 788. 5Coal Flora, vol. ii, pp. 462, 463. 252 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. discussed in the Coal Flora, shows, as there remarked, a segment of Stem- matopteris, about 70 cm. long, the upper part of which is clear, while the lower part is so associated with the leaves of Teniophyllum, which stream downward at an angle of about 25° to the trunk, that it seems impossible to decide whether they are not organically united to the trunk. The presence of the Triletes among the leaves seems to have constituted the essen- tial reasons for his conclusion that the leaves of the Teniophyllum were for- eign to the fern trunk. For my own part, after a close scrutiny of the trunk T am unable to show that the leaves were not joined to the trunk, although they are found streaming down from one side only. No. 9260, identified by Lesquereux under the same name, shows another unmistakable frag- ment of trunk, associated in the same way with the typical leaves of Tenio- phyllum with Triletes and other plant fragments mingled therewith. So also Nos. 9257, 9262, 9265, labeled as T. decwrrens, and No. 9272, and apparently 9275, marked as 7. contextum Lx., present the same phases of association of the leaves with the fern trunk in such a relation as to leave one uncertain as to their union. The circumstantial evidence, including (1) the partial or total obscurity of the Caulopteroid scars in the lower parts of the trunks beneath the bases of the leaves; (2) the apparent impossibility of following any of the leaves from one side of the trunk across and beyond on the other side; (3) the angle of contact of the leaf with the mass of matted bases on the trunk; (4) the direction of the leaves downward, though generally out- ward, and not always on the same side; (5) the similarity of the compressed fragments of axes of Teniophyllum on which no Caulopieroid scars are visible with the interpetiolar surfaces of the Stemmatopteris, which are apparently indistmguishable; (6) the blending of the carbonaceous residue of the leaves with that of the superficial tissue of the fern trunk, and (7) the occurrence in No. 9265 of unmistakable Teniophyllum leaf scars and good leaves on different portions of a long segment of trunk showing what can hardly be else than somewhat masked scars of Stemmatopteris, are strongly in favor of an organic relation of the leaves with the trunks. Against an hypothesis which may presuppose a ramental function for the Teniophyllum would, on the contrary, seem to stand the branching habit of the leaves, as shown in Pl. LXIII, Fig. 4, which I can hardly explain as penetrative rootlets of Stigmaria. Even the epidermal features of the leaf itself seem to argue against such a view. Nevertheless, the habit of these TASNIOPHYLLE®—LEPIDOXYLON. 2538 thin-walled cylindrical ‘‘leaves,” with loose axial fascicle within cavities of secondary, if not primary, origin, and the irregularly disposed leaflets, which, like the larger leaves, are contracted at the base to a small oval or linear-oval, more or less distinctly umbilicate point of origin, may be con- strued as perhaps indicating a radical homology. But while in some re- spects the affinities of Teniophyllum seem to be strongest with Stigmaria or Stigmariopsis, its association with Stenmatopteris, although it may be only circumstantial, is so remarkable as to command a consideration as possibly representing appendicular organs of the latter. The impression gained from the examination of the specimens from Missouri is that they were suited to an extremely humid habitat, if they were not subaqueous in their growth. It is, however, quite possible that material will be found that will show Tenophyllum to be a Stigmarioid type. Localities —Deepwater, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6070; Owen’s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6068; Hobbs’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6069. LEPIDOXYLON Lesquereux, 1878. Proc. Am. Phil. Soce., vol. xvii, p. 333; Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 557. LEPIDOXYLON ANOMALUM Lx. 1878. Lepidoxylon anomalwm Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soe., vol. xvii, p. 334, pl. liv, fig. 5; pl. lv, figs. 1, la. 1879. Lepidoxylon anomalum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 17, pl. lxxxiv (pl. Ixxxiii, fig. 57); text, vol. ii (1880), p. 557 (excl. ref. “ Schizopteris anomala Brongn. ?”). Axis linear, robust, attaining a diameter of 5 cm. or more, giving origin on all sides to numerous, apparently irregularly disposed, rather distant, lax, linear, flat or flaccid leaves or leaflike appendages, and rather densely clothed with short, linear, upward-curving, chaffy scales, or densely and irregularly lineate when decorticated; scales irregularly disposed, 1 to 4 distant, linear or linear-lanceolate, 9 to 15 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, thin, very finely lineate in probable correspondence to the longitudinal rows of cells, tapering upward from near the base to a slender acute apex, slightly convex dorsally, very oblique, nearly erect or closely imbricated, narrowed at the point of origin to a slightly prominent discoid attachment about 1 mm. in diameter; leaves or appendages slender, rather distant, open, lax, linear, probably cylindrical or cavernous, narrowed near the 254 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. downward-curying base, glossy in the compressed state, minutely lineate, about 6 or 7 lines to the millimeter, the primary leaves 4 to 8 mm. wide, branching irregularly at very variable distances, usually singly, sometimes nearly fasciculately, and traversed in the fossil condition by a longitudinal, flexuous, somewhat irregular vascular band or lax strand, about .75 to 1 mim. in width, which gives off a division to pass through the small, some- what oval, Stigmarioid attachment into and along each more slender branch, 2 to 3 mm. in width, of the primary leaf. The sole type on which the above description is based is the large fragment, a portion of the upper part of which is illustrated in pl. lxxxiv of the Atlas to the Coal Flora. The original specimen, recently presented to the United States National Museum by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri, longitudinally traverses a slab 40 em. in length and 22 cm. in width. The axis is compressed to a thin and somewhat uneven interior cast, which, on account of its variances from the cleavage surface, is so fractured as to expose portions of the fossil at all its levels, although it is difficult at any point to ascertain its precise width. Thus, as is very imperfectly indicated in the plate just referred to, the upper surface, covered with the imbricated appressed scales, is shown in places, or the impression of the epidermis on the lower side of the stem is exposed, revealing the bases of the scales or their cicatrices, as happens to be the case over the most of the surface included in the figure, while cleavage from the smooth surface of the leaves on the back side of the trunk, or at an angle slightly oblique to the plane of the latter, shows the leaves behind or the matrix beneath the trunk. Such a fracture by a cleavage plane oblique to the axis has, naturally, pro- duced a rounded profile, shown in the figure, at one point in the upper part of the specimen, and this circumstance appears to have given rise to the description of the stems or branches as ‘tapering up to a conical point.” Three centimeters farther the broken surface of the slab returns to the level of the upper surface of the stem, which is again found continuing in its normal position and direction, clothed with the appressed scales. The apparent width of the trunk is about 6.5 cm. at the base (assuming that the scales and “leaves” are directed upward) and nearly the same near the upper end of the segment, indicating no positive diminution. The margin. 1 Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 557. TANIOPHYLLEA—LEPIDOXYLON. 255 on the right is more or less crumpled. No leaves are shown to the right of the profile of the stem. The scales are very much longer and closer than shown in fig. 1b in the Coal Flora, and form by this imbrication a dense thatch. I am unable to detect any trace of a median nerve in their thin, slightly dorsally convex lamina. The minute, roundish, irregularly disposed, slightly prominent cicatrices, ranging from 1 to 3 mm. distant, may be seen in the lower part of the trunk segment to correspond to the positions of the inflated scale bases. The enlarged detail of these scars, which should be marked by a minute central punctation, is disproportionate as compared with the scales in the published figure. The leaves, which are relatively few, are generally inclined slightly downward near the trunk. None of the leaves on the slab, except a few erect bases near the top, issue from the upper surface of the trunk, and I am unable to find any that fork, the dichotomies illustrated in the type figure being cases of crossing or mere superposition, as is shown by care- fully uncovering them. ‘The figure fails to show that the leaves on the left and the larger ones at the top of the portion delineated in the Coal Flora come from beneath the trunk and are exposed within its profile, at a slightly lower level, by reason of the cleavage of the shale from their glossy surface. As to the characters of the leaves or appendages themselves, it is sufficient to say that there seems to be no essential distinction between those of the type segment and those of Teniophyllum. In the large segment of Lepidoxylon anomalum they are apparently joined by a narrowed base to small Stigmarioid cicatrices, the texture is very finely lineate, perhaps by the longitudinal rows of cells, the lax, often wrinkled, and apparently cylin- drical, or possibly cavernous, interior is traversed by a loose, flexuose, often slightly twisted, band of nerve bundles, which is parted to supply a strand for each of the irregularly occurring smaller leaflets or branch appendages, and the latter are likewise continued linear, with the same features, except the smaller size, from their Stigmarioid points of origin. Usually these irregu- larly disposed branchlets are extremely distant, but in a few cases two or three originate close together, while in one case, low on the left, four spring close together from the. parent léaf in a manner extremely sugges- . tive of the Desmiophyllum, mentioned in the remarks on Teniophyllum lati- Folium. 256 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. So far as Iam able to detect from the examination of the large type described by Professor Lesquereux, the only distinctions between the genera Lepidoxylon and Teniophyllum are the presence of the foliaceous scales, and the more open, distant, and ramose habit of the leaves in the former. That both types are extremely intimately related is evident, the question being merely as to whether the differentiation is of more than specific importance. Both genera are found as segments of robust longitudinal axes of large size, about which are gathered, usually at an acute angle and a uniform orientation, ribbonlike, delicate, collapsed leaves or appendages, agreeing in texture, apparent mode of origin, the loose central vascular ribbon or strand, the irregular branch- ing, with Stigmarioid traces, etc. While entertaining little doubt as to the generic identity of the type in hand with the genus Teniophyllum, I leave it under its original generic designation in deference to the judgment of its author. It is not improbable that the other fragment, figured by Pro- fessor Lesquereux as fig. 5, on pl. Ixxxiii, is generically distinct from Tenio- phyllum. As to the systematic position of the type in hand, there is little to add to what has been said of Teniophyllum. That both types belong to a form of vegetation as far advanced as the higher Cryptogams there is little doubt. It seems, however, that whether we assume that they be Stigmarioid or filicoid in nature, they should perhaps better be oriented so as to permit the leaves, which, although the form of their distal extremities is unknown, are very strongly suggestive of Stigmaria, and the foliaceous scales, like- wise suggestive of fern ramentum, to decline. It is highly probable that the small area of cicatrices described from one of the trunks of Teniophyllum latifolium corresponds to the epidermal impressions in the type in hand, since they are similar in size, form, and distance, and it is not difficult to discover here and there, in small areas, a spiral arrangement in the accidental local erouping of the cicatrices in the specimen in hand. The features of the impression of the stem showing only the small scale cicatrices are perhaps indistinguishable from the type described as ? Caulopterts acantophora Lx., or the large segments occurring in the E vein at the Butler mine near Pittston, Pennsylvania, which have been regarded as derived from portions of the cortex of a squamose fern trunk or from a true Stigmarioid form. Locality—The type illustrated in pl. Ixxxiv of the Coal Flora is from Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6082. GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—CORDAITES, 207 PHAN EHROGAMS. GYMNOSPERMS. CORDAITALES. CORDAITACEA. CORDAITES Unger, 1850. 1822. Flabellaria Sternberg, Fl. d. Vorw., vol. i, fase. 1, p. 32 (pars). 1849. Pychnophyllum Brongniart (non Kémy), Tabl. d. Gen., p. 65. 1850. Cordaites Unger, Gen. et Spec. Pl. Foss., p. 277. The study of the structure of the plants long known as Cordaites has revealed an organization having some of the characters of the Cyeads, some in common with the Taxinee, yet presenting an ensemble quite foreign to either. Hence they have more recently been set apart as constituting a distinct family, which, while it may have been ancestral to other later types, is without direct relation to any known living plants. Recognizing from the great diversity of fruits in the Carboniferous, that can hardly have been produced by any other group of associated plants, that several genera must exist in this family, Grand ’Eury divided the original genus, as we have known it in our American literature, into three genera, viz, Cordaites, Dorycordaites, and Poacordaites.' Still another type, Scutocordaites,” was later differentiated by Renault and Zeiller, while the discovery of a peculiar form in the Devonian of Pennsylvania about the same time led to the description of a fifth genus, Dictyocordaites, by Sir William Dawson.’ The characters of the leaves of these genera may be briefly summarized as follows: Cordartes.—Leaves thick and transversely enlarged at the point of attachment, simple, sessile, entire, lanceolate, spatulate, rounded at the summit or obovate, 20 to 90 cm. long, usually very large, coriaceous, traversed for nearly their whole length by fine, equal, or unequal parallel nerves, which dichotomize several times. To this section or genus belong some of the species of wood described as Dadoxylon, Cordaioxylon, and Araucarites or Araucarioylon, the bark, Cordaifloyos, the fragments of pith 'La flore carbonifére de la Loire, 1877, pp. 208-227. ; ? Comptes Rendus, vol. C, 1885, p. 869; Fl. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. 2, 1890, p- 203. %Amer. Jour. Sci., (3) vol. xxxviii, 1889, p. 2; Canad. Rec. Sci., vol iv, 1890, p. 2. MON XXXVII——17 258 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. known as Artisia, and the leafy branches named Cordaicladus, while the flowers are included in the Antholithi or Cordaianthi. Cordaicarpus is referred by Grand ’Eury to this type as the fruit. Dorycordaites—Leaves of variable length, according to age, always lanceolate, much thinner, and less fleshy than in the preceding genus,- terminating in a point, and marked by very much crowded, slender, equal, or nearly equal parallel nerves. To this genus Grand*’Eury* refers the thin-winged Cardiocarpi, or Samaropsis, and Botryoconus. Poacordaites.—Leaves very long, narrow, perhaps as long as 40 cm., while only 1 em. wide, linear, tapering slightly and obtuse at the summit, rather fleshy, borne on slender branches, the scars being transverse, slightly arched, and much narrower than in Cordaites. The nerves are simple, equal, parallel, all springing from the base of the leaf. The fruit of this genus, according to Grand ’Eury, is Taxospermum. Scutocordaites.—Leaves for a long time persistent on semicircular salient cushions, rounded and contracted at the base, finally divided into numerous narrow, erect, rigid, stringlike strips. Nerves strong and prominent in the lower part of the leaf, separated by fine, parallel strize Dictyocordaites.—Leaves persistent, long, ribbonlike, probably truncate or uneven at the apex, nerves sharp, forking at an acute angle and occasion- ally anastomosing to form linear, acute, somewhat irregular areoles., Fruc- tification terminal on the branches. Professor Renault, to whom more than any other we owe our knowledge of the anatomy of the members of this family, has recently given a most excellent summary of this knowledge in his magnificent report on the plants from the Permian basin of Autun and Epinac, in which he includes the results of his late extensive examination of the rich materials from these localities of world-wide fame for the exquisite preservation of their abundant silicified vegetable remains. For the detailed account of the internal organ- ization of the pith, wood, bark, root, leaves, inflorescence, pollen, and seeds the reader is referred to his concise and admirable descriptions.” Many of the details there given are of great interest to the student of recent plants as well as the investigator of the structure of fossil stems. Among 'Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, p. 314. 2 Btudes des gites minéraux de la France. Publiées sous les auspices de le Ministre des Travaux, Publies. Bassin houiller et Permien d’Autun et d’Epinac, fase. iv, Flore fossile, 2me partie, par B. Renault. Atlas, 1893; text, 1896. See pp. 332-352. GYMNOSPERMS —CORDAITALES—CORDAITES, D5Y ae the salient points of more general interest may be mentioned the absence of primary wood in the trunks, the presence of both the primary and secondary development in the roots, while the vascular strands of the nerves in the leaves comprise a triangular primary axis partially surrounded by a secondary growth. The trees of the Cordaitee grew rapidly to a con- siderable height, branching only near the top. The flowers were diclinous and aperianthous, but whether the unisexual flowers were moncecious or dicecious is not yet known. Both sorts were mingled in the fossil state. The female flowers are monocarpal, for although, like the male flowers, they are cone shaped in general aspect, they are solitary, each female flower being surrounded by an involucre of bracts. The male flowers are in small cones spirally arranged in the axils of bracts about a rather robust axis. Each flower is composed of two or three stamens, each comprised of a fila- ment bearing three or four longitudinally dehiscent anthers, which are free above and united at their bases. The pollen grains are ellipsoidal in section and very abundant. In the anther of one species the grain measures 90 in longer and 50m in shorter diameter, while in the pollen chamber, which is constantly present in and forms an interesting feature of the seed, it measures 121 and 72, respectively. The seeds, including among others the Cordai- carpus, have two envelopes. The external envelope (Sarcotest) is fleshy and is sometimes traversed by elongated fibrous cells mingled with canals contain- ing gum or tannin. The internal covering (Endotest) is formed cf densely lignified cells and suggests the shell of a nut. The ovules are orthotropous and erect. A pollen chamber, relatively little developed, is always found in the summit of the nucleus, and the pollenic canal is always attached to the micropylar tube of the outer envelopes. The archegonia are in pairs. No embryo has yet been found in any of the fruits, although the latter appear to -have been fully developed. Renault points out that in Cordaites, as in the living Ceratozamia, the embryo was probably not devel- oped until the seed had been placed some time in the soil. To the Cordaites Renault seems to refer the fossil seeds which are rather flat and bilaterally symmetrical, In his Cours de Botanique Fossile* he refers to the Cordaitee the genera Cardiocarpus, Diplotesta, Sarcotaxus, Leptocaryon, Taxospermum, and Rhabdocarpus, while M. Grand ’Eury has since’ included Hypsilocarpus, Cyclocarpus, and Samaropsis in the same category. 1Vol. i, p. 102. 2Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 312. 260 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. All the material from Missouri, with the possible exception of the doubt- ful fragments referred to as Cordaites diversifolius? belong to the group Eucor- daites of Grand ’Eury, i. e., to the genus Cordaites restricted. CORDAITES COMMUNIS Lx. TEA BO ie thie abe lee DOWALG IPG SUAVE, 1878. Cordaites communis Lesquereux, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soce., vol. xvii, p. 320. 1880. Cordaites communis Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 534. 1893. Cordaites communis Lx., D. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 98, p. 105. 1899. Cordaites communis Lx., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 533. The species originally described from Missouri is represented in the collection by numerous specimens, some of which probably come from the type locality. The general form of the leaf, as seen in part in Pl. XVI, is spatulate. From the broadest point, in the upper part, it narrows gently to the thickened base, which is slightly crescentic when compressed, and is not infrequently as much as 2 cm. wide in the full-grown examples. The apex of the leaves is rather broadly truncate-rounded and slightly oblique. The nervation of this species, as seen from the examination of the types of the species now in the Lacoe collection, is very irregular in character and apparent density. Even on the same leaf it may be found composed in one area, especially near the base, of moderately strong nerves close together or separated by from one to three or four less prominent, or, in another area it comprises distant, quite prominent nerves, perhaps 15 to 20 to the centimeter, separated by from four to six smaller nerves. The difficulty of arriving at a satisfactory numerical characterization of the nerves is further increased by the irregular disappearance or immersion of the intermediate nerves in the thick tissue of the leaf and the fine striation, perhaps due to the rows of cells, which is often more conspicuous than the depressed intermediate ner- vation. These rows or striae number about twelve to the millimeter in some specimens. The inflorescence described as Cordaianthus ovatus Lx. belongs almost certainly to this species, to which I am also disposed to refer the Cordai- carpus cerasiformis as the fruit. Cordaites communis is, in the Missouri flora, the host of Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. ’Ey., the bordered perithecize of which are frequently found in its leaves. GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—OORDAITES. 261 The distinction between the leaves described as Cordaites communis and certain forms referred to other species, such, for instance, as the leaves from Cannelton recorded as C. borassifolius (Stb.) Ung., is not clear to me. From C. lingulatus Gr. ’Ey., the leaves of which are somewhat similar, C. communis differs by the greater distance of the prominent nerves in most portions of the leaf and by the less rounded apices. Localities—Deepwater mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus.; Pitcher’s coal bank, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5418, 5702; Gilkerson’s Ford, a small fragment, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6282; also a specimen of doubtful specific identity from Jordan’s coal bank, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6281. CORDAITES DIVERSIFOLIUS Lx.? 1870. Cordaites angustifolius Lesquereux (non Dawson), Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 420 (pars?). 1878. Cordaites diversifolius Lesquereux, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe., vol. xvii, p. 320, pl. xlviii, figs. 3, 3a (pars). 1879. Cordaites diversifolius Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, pl. 1xxvii, figs. 3, 3a; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 535 (pars). There are among the ironstone nodules from Gilkerson’s Ford a few fragments of doubtful specific relations which I should hardly venture to refer to this species but for the facts that it is recorded’ from the same vicinity by Professor Lesquereux, and that such characters as are shown by the specimens in hand appear to agree with material labeled under the same name by the author of the species. It should be noted, however, that the specimens assigned at various times by Lesquereux to C. diversifolius are not all of one species, since some of the fragments may belong to Dorycor- daites, while others from Arkansas are apparently specifically inseparable from the material from the Boston mine near Pittston, Pennsylvania, labeled as C. borassifolius (Stb.) Ung. My identification of the specimens in the ironstone is both temporary and questionable. The fragments before me are nearer the Dorycordaites group, and may, in conformity with the views expressed by Grand ’Eury, belong to the Samaropsis type of fruit. It is quite possible that the leaf fragments in hand may have been borne on the same tree with the Cardiocarpus (Samaropsis) Branneri Fairch. and D. W., to be described further on. Locality.— Gilkerson’s Ford. ‘Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 536. 262 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. CORDATANTHUS OVATUS Lx. Pl, LX XII, Figs. 1, 2. 1878. Oordaianthus gemmifer Gr.’Ey., Lesquereux, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,vol. xvii, p. 326, pl. xlvii, fig. 5. 1879. Cordaianthus gemmifer Gr. ’Hy., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. 1xxvi, figs. 5,5a; text, vol. iii (1884), p. 914. 1880. Cordaianthus ovatus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 545, pl. ixxvi, figs. 5, 5a. The axis of this species, as seen in the original type, No. 9187 of the Lacoe collection, is robust, distinctly and rather coarsely striate. The gem- mules are open, ovate or ovate-oval, close at the apex, and apparently arranged four to a complete turn of the spiral. The scales are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather fleshy toward the base, and distinctly carinate toward the top, the keel being somewhat prominent in the almost mucronate apex. Usually they are erect and fairly clearly defined, numbering perhaps 40 to 50 to the gemmule. The bracts are very broad at the base, contracting rapidly with a concave margin to a narrow lineate rigid spine of variable length, though always longer than the gemmule. The enlarged detail, 5a on pl. Ixxvi of the Coal Flora, appears to have been drawn from some specimen other than the original of fig. 5. The same features are seen in No. 9192, another of the specimens originally studied, and in No. 9202, illustrated in Pl. LXXIM, Fig. 2, and No. 9210, which show better the fragments of bracts, often exceeding twice the leneth of the gemmule to the point of fracture, while the gemmules themselves vary somewhat as to their distance along the axis. In No. 9209, a specimen from Missouri labeled with the above name by Lesquereux, we find a smooth axis bearing rather large crowded gem- mules with long scales. So far as the character of the latter have weight the specimen would seem rather to belong to Cordaianthus dichotomus Lx., if, indeed, that species is really distinct from the one under consideration. The striation of the axis is not, however, constantly visible in the specimens of C. ovatus, since it seems to depend on the degree of compression, and shows only in those portions of the stem that are slightly decorticated. In most of the specimens from Pennsylvania referred by Professor Lesquereux to this species, including Nos. 9190 and 9191 of the Lacoe collection, originals used in the description of the species, the axis is somewhat convex and shows 'The fragment figured in the Coal Flora is from the vicinity of Clinton, Missouri; not from Cannelton, Pennsylvania, as inferred from the habitat named on p. 546 of that work. GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—CORDAIANTHUS. 263 merely the irregular transverse cracks or fissures in the carbon. The latter may be only the result of shrinkage of an axis composed largely of cellular tissue or they may bear some — elation to the chambering of the pith. The specimens from Cannelton have the gemmules usually more crowded, the scales being generally a little shorter. Very interesting, as furnishing the data for the correlation of this species, is the type described on page 534 of the Coal Flora as the stem of Cordaites communis Lx. In the specimen, No. 8946 of the Lacoe collection, the impression of a segment of stem or branch 14 cm. long and 2.3 em. in diameter shows about thirty leaf scars. From the axils of every one of ‘these, so far as can be learned without injury to the specimen, in the upper half of the segment, there radiate rather slender racemes of Cordaianthus. The pedicels and gemmules on the upper part of the slab are rather slender, having about the proportions of the C. dichotomus figured in the Coal Flora,’ but those nearer the base of the segment are unmistakable specimens of Cordaianthus ovatus, and indicate the specific identity of the latter with the type stem and intermingled leaf fragments of Cordaites communis. The full length of the lineate bracts is rarely shown. In one rather small specimen they are, however, seen as slender, slightly decurrent needles, 39 mm. in length, or over five times the length of the gemmules. The fragment of a very small raceme, shown in Pl. LXXII, Fig. 1, is suggestive of the Cordaianthus gracilis of Grand ’Kury,” or to:some extent the C. Volkmanni (Ett.) Zeill.,° though the resemblance to Ettingshausen’s Calamites Volkmanni* is more remote. Cordaianthus ovatus appears to differ from C. ebracteatus Lx., to which it seems closely related, by the absence of the bracts and the usually shorter scales in the latter. The difference between it and C. dichotomus consists perhaps in the rather larger and longer scales and the possible dichotomy of the axis in the type described under the latter name, though it appears somewhat questionable whether the distinction between these two plants, found at the same locality, is of even varietal rank. The characters in common will be mentioned in the remarks on the latter species. ' PL. Ixxvi, fig. 6. 2F1. carb. Loire, p. 230, pl. xxvi, fig. 7. ° Fl. foss. bassin honill. Valenciennes, p. 637, pl. xciv, figs. 6, 6a. +Steinkohlenfl. Stradonitz, pl. v, figs. 1-3. 264 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Localities —Vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, Nos. 8946, 9187, 9192, 9202, 9209, 9210, Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus; Pitcher’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6073, 6212; Hobbs’s coal mine, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6210. CoRDAIANTHUS DICHOTOMUS Lx. 1878. Cordaianthus gemmifer Gr. Ey., Lesquereux, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. xvii, p. 326, pl. xlvii, fig. 6. 1879. Cordaianthus gemmifer Gr. "Ey., Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. 1xxvi, figs. 6, 6); text, vol. iii (1884), p. 914. 1880. Cordaianthus dichotomus Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 546, pl. Ixxvi, figs 6, 6D. The relationship of the type’ described under the above name to C. ovatus is one of the closest affinity, if the two species are not in fact identical. After an attentive examination of the original of figs. 6 and 60, on pl. Ixxvi of the Coal Flora, I am far from certain that the specimen there represented is to be separated from the C. ovatus found in the same locality. The gemmules do not differ in form from those described above. The scales are likewise ovate-lanceolate, carinate, the keel passing into the acute point conspicuously as in ovatus, though this character is not brought out in the detail, fig. 6b. So also the bracts are dilated at the base and quickly contracted to a striated, rigid, long, slender needle, being identical in their superficial characters with those in the other species. With the exception of the dichotomies, the only external features by which C. dichotomus and C. ovatus may be separated are a possibly greater elongation of the gemmule, the scales being perhaps a little longer and larger, and the less robust axis. But we have seen fertile axes of the same character, save the forking, in the upper part of the stem of Cordaites communis (type No. 8946 of the Lacoe collection) which bear indubitable gemmules of Cordianthus ovatus, while the attitude in the matrix of the compressed radiating spikes about the stem in No. 8946 is strongly suggestive of the arrangement figured as typical of C. dichotomus. 'The inspection of the figure of the latter species given in the Coal F'lora* convinces me that three at least of the four dichotomies there represented are the result of coincidence of position in the horizontal projection, the axes, all of which undoubtedly spring from a single branch or stem, being ' No. 9212 of the Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. - P]. Ixxvi, tigs. 6, 6b, p.546 GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—CORDAICARPON. 265 in different planes, while the fourth lower central dichotomy in the figure leaves much to be desired as to distinctness. However, dichotomy is not unknown in other species of Cordaianthus. It is quite possible that further discoveries of Cordaianthus in these beas will lead to the union not only of Cordaianthus dichotomus and C. ovatus,’ but also C. rugosus Lx., the Illinois type of which affords very slight ground for its differentiation. Localities —Vicinity of Clinton, Missouri, No. 9212 of the Lacoe col- lection. Two fragments, perhaps representing C. ovatus Lx., with rather long scales, are from Hobbs’s coal mine, U. 5. Nat. Mus., 6200; and Deep- water, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6199. CORDAICARPON Geinitz, 1862. 1828. Cardiocarpon Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 87 (pars). 1857. Oyclocarpon Goeppert and Fiedler, Nova Acta Acad. C, L. C. Nat. Cur., vol. xxvi, p. 292. 1862. Cordaicarpon Geinitz, Dyas, vol. ii, p. 150. 1881, Cordaispermum Brongniart, in Renault: Cours bot. foss., vol. i, p. 102 (pars). CORDAICARPON CERASIFORME (Pres!). 1838. Carpolites cerasiformis Presl, in Sternberg: Fl. d. Vorw., vol. ii, p. 208, pl. x, fig. 9. 1884. Oarpolithus cerasiformis Presl, Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 824, pl. exi, fig. 18. The two specimens which I refer to this species represent a small sub- orbicular, slightly cordiform fruit, the walls of which appear to have been less resistant than those of most of the fruits referred to this genus. Like the fruits described and illustrated by Presl and Lesquereux, they are some- what wrinkled in the compressed state. The outer envelope seems to have been rather thick. The surface is obscurely granular. The fruit from Missouri is somewhat smaller than the one from Arkansas figured in the Coal Flora, it having in fact very nearly the size of the one shown in Presl’s figure. The specimens are also smaller and less apiculate than Zeiller’s Cordaicarpus Boulayi.’ At first I was disposed to regard these bodies as sporangia, but the texture is quite different from any sporangia I have seen, while the presence 1 The reference, on p. 933 of the 3d volume of the Coal Flora, of fig. 6, pl. Ixxvi, to Cordaianthus ovatus is probably a mechanical error. 2F]. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, Atlas, pl. xciv, figs. 14, 14a. 266 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF. MISSOURI. of a narrow border zone, apparently corresponding to the compressed profile zone of one of the envelopes of a Cordaicarpon, such as C. Gutbieri, and the obseurely cordate base, have convineed me that we have really to do with representatives of the latter genus. The reference to Presl’s Carpolites cerasi- formis is not without doubt. Localities—Deepwater, U. 5S. Nat. Mus.. 6164; Hobbs’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus., 6165. CARDIOCARPON Brongniart, 1828. Prodrome, p. 87 (pars). CARDIOCARPON (SAMAROPSIS) BRANNERI Fairch. and D. W. MSS. Pl. LXXU, Fig. 3; Pl. LXI, Fig. le. 1899. Cardiocarpon Branneri Fairch and D. W. MSS., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 534. Fruit small, oval or ovate, and slightly prolonged at the somewhat truncate base, 10 to 12 mm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide, consisting of an ovate nucleus within a relatively wide wing; wing oval, blunt, and incised a little, or very slightly emarginate at the apex, sometimes slightly rounded on either side of the micropyle, near which it forms a border 2 to 2.6 mm. in width, narrowing slightly downward toward the lateral angles of the nucleus to 1.5 to 2 mm. in width, then prolonged or dilated in a basal lobe 3 to 5 mm. wide, extending 3 to 5 mm. downward and truncate, or truncate rounded at the base, which is often traversed by a fine, clear line passing downward from the nucleus; nucleus ovate-triangular, usually rather obtuse just below the acuminate apex, generally uniform in size, about 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, broadest a little below the middle of its altitude, either very obtusely rounded or truncate at the base, very thinly lenticular in cross section, thickest near the base, or, when flattened, often marked by a small oval medial convexity above the base, above which a line or faint ridge passes upward to the micropyle. The interesting examples cf Samaropsis, one of which is figured in PI. LXXI, Fig. 3, are found in the clay ironstone matrix, both with and without the marginal wing. The specimens that are less flattened are but slightly convex and have but very little adherent carbonaceous residue. The wing, which is peculiarly dilated at the base, differing thus from all the other small species with which I am acquainted, is obviously very thin, GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—RHABDOCGARPOS. 267 and_ probably membranaceous. In one compressed specimen the nucleus is bordered by an intervening narrow, minutely rugose-striate zone, about 5 mm. in width, which apparently represents an envelope. The surface of the wing is dull and moderately smooth; that of the nucleus is granular near the base and granular-striate toward the top, as viewed by the lens. The illustration of C. Branneri in Fig. 3, Pl. LXXII, fails to show the ordinary width of the basal dilation of the wing, or the usually more or less triangular form of the nucleus. This species, found quite abundantly at Gilkerson’s Ford, has also been discovered in the Coal Measures of Arkansas, from which it has been described by Prof. H. L. Fairchild and myself in a report submitted to the State geologist of that State. The upper part of the fruit resembles on a small scale the corresponding portion of the Cardiocarpus orbicularis Ett.,' though the basal portion is quite different. It is probably nearest to C. zonulatus Lx.,” from which it differs, however, by the much broader down- ward expansion of the wing. The C. fluitans of Dawson* is somewhat smaller, more distinctly granular, and lacks the pronounced dilation of the wing at the base, while the marginal expansion at the top is proportionally wider. Locality.—Gilkerson’s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6150, 6157, 6255, 6262. RHABDOCARPOS Goeppert and Berger, 1548, De fructibus et Seminibus ex Form. [ithanthr., p. 20. RHABDOCARPOS (PACHYTESTA) MANSFIELDI Lx. 1879. Rhabdocarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 18, pl. Ixxxv, fig. 21. 1883. Rhabdocarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, 13th Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, pt. 2, pl. xxii, fig. 7. 1889. Rhabdocarpus Mansfieldi Lx., Lesley, Dict. Foss. Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 868, text fig. 1880. Cordaicarpus Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 539, pl. Ixxxv, fig. 21; vol. iii (1884), p. 916. 1880. Cordaites Mansfieldi Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p.537 (pars), pl. Ixxxvii, fig. 8. Several specimens from Missouri agree well with examples in the col- lections of the United States National Museum derived from the type locality, Cannelton, in Pennsylvania, and labeled with the above name by Professor Lesquereux. On one slab three specimens, slightly smaller than ' Steinkohlenfl. V. Stradonitz, pl. vi, fig. 4. 2Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 813, pl. ex, figs. 14-17. 8Cond. Dep. of Coal, pl. xii, fig. 74. 268 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. the average, lie nearly in a row, their axes parallel, close by the side of a striated branching stem over 2 cm. in diameter. No direct attachment of the fruits to the stem is clear, though the arrangement is strongly suggestive of a former organic union. Although Rhabdocarpos Mansjfieldi is described by Lesquereux as the fruit of Cordaites Mansfieldi, it having been found by him on a branch referred to that species and occurring in the same beds, no leaves have yet-been found in Missouri that can, I believe, safely be identified with the Cannelton Cordaites. Rhabdocarpos Mansfieldi resembles in size Pachytesta incrassata Brongn., to which it is so obviously closely related that there is little room for doubt that its structure is in general the same as that of the latter species, so thor- oughly and beautifully illustrated by Brongniart in his Recherches sur les Graines Fossiles Silifides’ and by Renault in the Flora of Autun and Epinac.2 Our American fruit, which is shorter, proportionally wider, more distinctly obovate, with wider ribs than the species last named, is much smaller than the P. gigantea Brongn. P. intermedia of Grand ’Eury,’ another related species, is longer, much more slender, and more pointed at the extremities. Rhabdocarpos Schultzianus, which has also been included in Pachytesta by Grand ’Eury,* is much smaller than R. Mansfieldi, oval, and rounded at the ends. Localities.—Owen’s coal mine, U.S. Nat. Mus.,6178. The precise locality of the slab from the vicinity of Clinton is not known; U.S. Nat. Mus., 6170. RHABDOCARPOS MULTISTRIATUS (Presl) Lx. 1838. Carpolites multistriatus Presl, in Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, p. 208, pl. xxxix, figs. 1, 2. 1880. Iatilngnrgnne multistriatus (Presl) Lesquereux, Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 578 (pars). 1899. Khabdocarpus multistriatus (Presl) Lx., D. White, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., pt. 3, p. 534. It is with great doubt that I refer several specimens to this species, the interpretation of which seems to have led to much confusion both in the literature and in the collections pertaining to American Paleozoic plants. Much of this material, including that now under consideration, would appear to be referable to the original type of Trigonocarpum Schultzianum of ‘Paris, 1881, pls. xix, xx. See also pls. xvii, xviii, xxi. 2 Bassin houiller et permien d’Autun et d’Epinac, fase. iv; Flore fossile, 2me partie, Atlas, Paris, 1893, pl. Ixxx. 3Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard, 1890, p. 308, pl. viii, fig. 3. 4Fl. carb. Loire, p. 203. GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—RHABDOCARPOS. 269 Goeppert and Berger’ more properly than to Carpolites multistriatus Presl.° The former type, setting aside the question of the essential Trigonocarpal character, appears to be longer, more distinctly elliptical, pointed, with the ribs much more numerous and finer. The latter is oval, with wider, broadly convex ribs, apparently about fifteen or eighteen in number. Some of the specimens referred to the former are undoubtedly close to Rhabdocarpos apiculatus and R. carinatus of Newberry, as Kidston’ has pointed out. Others, chiefly from the Pottsville series, have nutlets resembling the last- named form, but the envelopes appear to have been long, extending some distance above the apex of the nut, with broad truncate-rounded apex and striated, not ribbed, surface. On the other hand, a portion of the material labeled as well as that figured* by Professor Lesquereux as Trigonocarpus Schultzianus, appears to me to stand closer to some of the forms illustrated by Fiedler® than to the original example described by Goeppert and Berger, or the specimens figured by Zeiller.’ It is more than possible that the incom- patibilities in the identification of these two species in our native collections are very largely due to the varied conceptions of those species portrayed by the European authors. The examination, as I have suggested above, of the collections to which I have had access, seems to show that most of our speci- mens determined as Rhabdocarpos multistriatus are really much nearer the Trigonocarpum Schultzianum, although in the flattened specimens the main tri- costate feature is often obliterated. On the other hand, some of the examples labeled as Trigonocarpum Schultzianwm often lack all traces of the tricostate character and are probably nearer the Rhabdocarpos multistriatus, while still others approach the Rhabdocarpos Jacksonensis of Lesquereux.’ ‘The material from Missouri, although lacking a distinct Trigonocarpoid aspect, belongs among the large number of specimens which, as it seems to me, would better be placed under Lrigonocarpum Schultzianum. However, for the pres- ent I follow the identification by Professor Lesquereux, leaving the final reference of this fruit to a revision of this entire group of species. Locality —Owen’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6202. ‘ perger, De fruct. et semin. ex form. lithanthr., 1848, p. 20, pl. ii, figs. 22, 23. 2In Sternberg: Versuch, vol. ii, appendix, 1838, p. 208, pl. xxxix, fig. 12. 3Cat. Pal. Pl. Brit. Mus., 1886, p. 213. 4Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 819, pl. ex, figs. 63-65. 6 Die foss. Friichte d. Steink.-Form., 1857, p. 283, pl. xxiv, figs. 18-20; pl. xxvi, figs. 25-26. 6F], foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, p. 651, plate xciv, figs. 15-16. 7Rept. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii, 1860, p. 461, pl. xlvi, fig. 4. 270 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. ~ TITANOPHYLLUM Renault, 1890. Fl. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. 2, p. 622. Among the material sent by Dr. Britts from North and Wood’s coal shaft, one-half mile east of North’s Station, on the Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield Railroad, there was found what appears to be the base of a very large and very thick leaf, like Cordaites in several respects. In a memo- randum accompanying it was the statement that some of the leaves of this plant were over 1 foot wide and 4 to 6 feet in length. This specimen, though imperfectly preserved, seemed so strongly to resemble the large leat bases figured by Renault’ that further inquiries were made as to the occur- rence and form of these specimens. In reply Dr. Britts writes: ‘‘They are certainly immense leaves, and were attached without foot-stalks to large stems or trees, like a corn blade. * * * I found several bases of these leaves, but no points. * * * The bases were somewhat contracted laterally and thickened where they appear to have been attached to round stems, some of them at least 6 inches or more in diameter.” : The evidence so kindly furnished by Dr. Britts, as well as that afforded by the tragment in hand, leads me to regard it as probable that we have here to do with an American representative of that interesting genus of Gymno- sperms, Titanophyllum, hitherto known only in the Commentry Basin. The generic description given by Renault? is as follows: Leaves of great size, measuring 70 to 75 em. long by 20 to 25 em. wide, with smooth, shining upper surface, traversed by longitudinal, hypodermal, parallel, nonbifurecating bands, inserted by a much enlarged elliptical base; outline rectangular, gradually tapering toward the upper end, which is often fissured, the opposite extremity being sometimes concave or cordate. The bands and the nerves, which are parallel for nearly the whole length of the leaf, are curved in to terminate in the surface of inser- tion; a cuticle very thick and smooth covers the epidermis. From a study of the internal structure of the Commentry species, Titanophyllun Grand’ Euryi, Renault was enabled to demonstrate a Cycadean organization analogous to that of the Colpoxylon Brongn. described from silicfied material obtained at Autun. Fl. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. ii, p. 622, pl. lxix. 2 Loe. cit., p. 622. GYMNOSPERMS—CORDAITALES—TITANOPHYLLUM. PHI ?TITANOPHYLLUM BRITTSI n. sp. The specimen in hand, from what seems to be the thick base of the leaf, though flattened, seems to represent a system of bands similar to that illustrated by Renault... They are somewhat finer than those in the French type. The surface is distinctly and zonally striated. The incurving of the bands and nerves accompanying the contraction of the base of the leaf is very clearly seen. As flattened, the fragment seems to have a thickness of about 2 mm. While our flattened specimens are, possibly as the result of pressure, thinner at the base than are the French specimens, they appear to be somewhat larger. The generic identity of the American material with the French seems probable from the description communicated by Dr. Britts, though it can not be absolutely assured until more and better material shall have been examined. The slightly narrower bands in leaves apparently less thick and much larger, the leaves measuring 6 to 12 inches in width and 4 to 6 feet in length, distinguish our plant, supposing it to belong to Titanophyllum, from the Titanophyllum Grand ’Euryi, though in view of the resemblance of the impression to certain compressed stems or large branches, the formal diag- nosis of our species should not be given until more satisfactory material, susceptible of good illustration, is at hand. The specimens from Missouri are entirely carbonized and strongly compressed. Localities —North and Wood coal shaft, one-half mile east of North’s Station on the Kansas City, Clinton and Springfield Railroad, the vein worked being an extension of Jordan’s coal, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6168. A smaller fragment, possibly of the same nature, comes from Gilkerson’s Ford, U. S. Nat. Mus., 6169. CONIFERA. TAXACH AP DICRANOPHYLLUM Grand ’Eury, 1873. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., vol. lxx, p. 1021. The genus Dicranophyllum, as founded by Grand ’Eury, contains certain arborescent conifers with spirally arranged, long, narrow, dichotomous, coria- ceous, rigid, acute, parallel-veined leaves with decurrent contiguous cushion- 1 Loe. cit., pl. lxix, fig. 4 or fig. 13. Dike, FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. like enlarged subrhomboidal, slightly oblique fleshy leat bases. The aspect of the branches is somewhat like Trichopitys. 'The male element is gener- ated in small cones in the axils of the leaves, while the female organs are, according to Renault,’ ovules or seeds arranged in considerable numbers along the very oblique linear basal portion of the leaf. The leaves bearing the seeds fork but once. Generally the leaves, which vary greatly in length, adhere to the branches until the latter are quite large. The leaf bases are suggestive of Lepidodendron, but lack the lateral traces in the leaf scar and the appendages, though they are carinate. The scars are described” as a little above the middle of the cushions, oval, and marked in the center by a small depression corresponding to the single vascular bundle. Dicranophyllum should, perhaps, together with Trichopitys, Ginkgophyllum, Saportea, and Whittleseya be associated with the Salisburiee in the Gink- goales, to which, among living plants, it appears to be most closely related. DICRANOPHYLLUM? sp, Pl. LX XIII, Fig. 1; Pl. XLI, Fig. 10. Among the specimens collected by Dr. Britts from Hobbs’s coal mine is a fragment of shale, on one side of which is a forked branch, each of the slightly unequal divisions being at an angle of about 45°, between 10 and 14 cm. long, very thick in proportion to the length, and clothed rather densely with narrow dichotomous leaves. The back side of the thin frag- ment of shale contains a robust twig of the same character, about 15 cm long and, like the others, thickly clothed with leaves. This twig lies in the same direction as that on the other side, and at the edge of the shale where the branches on both sides pass downward off the rock fragment the broken ends are inclined toward each other and are less than 5 mm. distant. It is probable, therefore, that both belong to a common parent branch. Unfortunately this example is not adapted to photography, while the macerated aspect of the whole specimen and the commingled ramose leaves, passing on all sides into the matrix, render its delineation without idealization most difficult. The leaves are very oblique and appear to overlap at the decurrent bases. They are generally, as seen in the detail, Pl. XLI, Fig. 10, slightly rigid, though often forked but a short distance 1F 1. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. 2, p. 626. 2 Renault, Fl. foss. bassin houill. et perm. d’Autun et d’Epinae, pt. 2, 1896, p. 373. CONIFER.2—DICRANOPHYLLUM. ete from the base. The dichotomies are repeated three or four times at a rather narrow angle, and the ultimate divisions are often strongly outward curved. As remarked above, the branches appear to have been macerated; so that while it is obvious that the axis was robust and of considerable substance, no satisfactory evidence as to the leaf bases is at hand, while the leaves themselves are so destitute of any considerable residue of carbon- aceous matter and so lax, particularly toward the apex, as to suggest that the fossil should be rather associated nearer the Alege. Usually there is left not even any other trace of the vascular axis of the leaves than a rugose furrow or canal. Often this, too, is lacking. Numerous spore-like bodies of various dimensions, some of which equal large macrospores in size, are mingled with the leaves and seem to have been lodged there. In the form and aspect of the branches, the general attitude of the decurrent leaves and the bifurcation and apparent basal rigidity of the latter—in fact, in their habit and such superficial characters as are visible, these plant frag- ments seem to represent badly macerated twigs of Dicranophyllum. It is possible that specimens better preserved will show characters of the axes, leaf bases, or even the leaves, that will make it necessary to refer them to some other genus or even to a different class, such as the Thallophyta. The specimen in hand is not the first representative of this genus to be reported from this country, D. dichotomum and D. dimorphum having been described by Professor Lesquereux from Cannelton, Pennsylvania.’ Of the few species of Dicranophyllum yet described, D. gallicum Gr. Ky. and D. tripartitum Gr. "Ey. are nearest to the form in hand. Our specimens should be compared with the illustrations of the former species given by Grand ’Eury,” Wenceslau de Lima,’ and Renault,* or of the latter species given by its author.’ The resemblance to several of the figures given by de Lima® and Renault’ is certainly very interesting and appears to indicate a closely related species in the flora of Missouri. The leaves of the American plant fork more frequently and nearer the base, are less rigid, while the lower ‘Coal Flora, vol. ii, p. 553, pl. Ixxxvii (bound in text), figs. 9, 9a, p. 554: pl. Ixxxii, figs. 1-3. 2F 1. Carb. Loire, 1877, p. 275, pl. xiv, figs. 8-10. ’Monogr. d. gen. Dicranophyllum, 1888, p. 13, pl. i, figs. 2,3; pl. iii. 4F1. foss. bassin houill. Commentry, pt. 2, pp. 6, 26, pls. 1xx, lxxi. 5Grand ’Eury: Géol. et pal. bassin houill. Gard., p. 335, pl. vi, figs. 12, 13. © Op. cit., pl. iii. 7Op. cit., pl. Ixx, fig. 7; pl. Ixxi, fig. 5. MON XXxvlI——15 274 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. portions of the leaf are wider. While the fragments from Missouri appear to represent a species different from any yet described, a specific designation or description of them is postponed pending the discovery of additional better-preserved material. Locality —Hobbs’s coal mine, U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 6076. AINIMALIA PALAOXYRIS Brongniart, 1828. 1828. Palwoxyris Brongniart, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xv, p. 456; Prodrome, p. 137. 1840. Carpolithes Morris, Trans. Geol. Soc. London, (2) vol. v, p. 489 (pars). 1852. Paleobromelia Ettingshausen, Abh d. k.-k. geol. Reichsanst., vol. i, no. 3, p. 1. 1860. Sporlederia Stiehler, Bromeliaceen d. Vorwelt, p. 5. 1872. Spirangiwm Schimper, Traité, vol. ii, p. 514. PALAOXYRIS APPENDICULATA Lx. 1870. Palwoxyris appendiculata Lesquereux, Rept. Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. iv, p. 465, pl. xxvii, fig. 11. 1888. Palewoxyris appendiculuta Lx., Renault and Zeiller, Fl. foss. bassin houill. Com- mentry, pt. 1, p. 18, pl. xlii, figs. 6, 6a, 6D. 1879. Spirangium appendiculatum Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Atlas, p. 16, pl. lxxv, fig. 12; text, vol. ii (1880), p. 520. 1889. Spirangium appendiculatum Lx., Saporta, Palcont. franc., Veg. Jurass., vol. iv, p. 46, pl. cexxxi, fig. 3; pl. cexxx, fig. 3. Of this, the most common American species of Pal@oryris, I have seen but a single fragment from Missouri. This specimen shows the narrow, sharp-keeled, equivalvate form characteristic of the species. The valves, which are probably eight in number, cross the flattened capsule at a very wide angle to the axis. Mr. Kidston, in his review of the British species of the genus, unites this species with the Old World Paleoxyris carbonaria Schimp. The two forms are undoubtedly very closely related, but from an examination of material representing the latter species from the vicimity of Dudley, Eng- land, I am convinced that the American type is distinguished by the narrower valves, and consequently smaller areolation in the compressed specimens; and while in P. appendiculata the whole organ is, in general, smaller, the dilated portion is proportionately larger. No other equivalvate American species has yet been described which is liable to be mistaken for the one in hand. ANIMALIA?—PALMHOXYRIS. 275 Paleoxyris is now regarded by many paleobotanists as representing the egg capsules of certain Paleozoic Selachians. The writer has at present under examination a series of specimens, including several new species, that will, it is hoped, throw some additional light on the nature and organization of these very interesting remains. The name Spirangium, proposed by Schimper on the ground of propriety, should be abandoned. While it has long been known that these fossil remains have no relation to the living Xyris, the generic appellation Paleoxyris is clearly understood to have been applied exclusively to this type. It therefore has priority, and in its proper function as a generic designation, not as a description, it should prevail. Locality.—Gilkerson’s Ford, Grand River, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6203. DISCUSSION OR MBER srt Olivas SPECIES REPORTED FROM THE LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI, BUT NOT INCLUDED IN THE FOREGOING ARRANGEMENT. As was remarked in the introduction to this report, the descriptions and discussions given herein relate only to species of which I have been able to examine specimens from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. Fortu- nately, nearly all the Paleozoic plant material from Missouri ever published by Professor Lesquereux was collected by Dr. J. H. Britts, of Clinton, Missouri, to whose enthusiastic and continued researches paleobotany owes a great debt, and this material is now either in the private collection of the latter or in the national collections. The latter include not only the extensive consignments forwarded from time to time by Dr. Britts to the United States Geological Survey and the United States National Museum, but also the private collection of Professor Lesquereux, which passed into the great collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, through whose generous patriotism and disinterested love of science they were transmitted as a part of the Lacoe collection to the United States National Museum. Two lists of the fossil plants from the Coal Measures of Missouri have been published. The first of these, by Professor Lesquereux, which appears in the summaries at the end of the Coal Flora’ comprised an enumeration of the species described or identified from Henry and Vernon counties up to the date (1884) of the termination of the manuscript for the third volume. I repeat in the following list the enumeration there given, the species discussed or quoted as synonyms, ete., in the preceding pages being marked with an asterisk (*): *Alethopteris ambigua *A. Serlit *A. lonchitica® *Annularia longifolia® 'Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, Report of Progress P, vol. iii, 1884, pp. 879, 880. 2 Specimens referred to 4. Serlii Brongn. 34, stellata (Schloth.) Wood. 276 DISCUSSION OF THE FLORA. *A. longifolia var. angustifoliu *A. sphenophylloides * Asterophyllites fasciculatus *A, rigidus! * Calamites Suckowitt *C. Cistii *Callipteridium membranacewm C. Owenii ¥*O. Sullivantii * Cordaites communis *O, diversifolius *Cordaianthus dichotomus *C. gemmifer ? * Dictyopteris obliqua® * Hremopteris Missouriensis * Lepidodendron Brittsii *T. cyclostigmat *T,. lanceolatum *T. marginatum? *TI. scutatum L. Sternbergti * Lepidophloios dilatatus® *T. sigillarioides* Lepodophyllum minus Lepidostrobus Goldenbergii ® * Lepidoxylon anomalum *Megaphytum Goldenbergii * Neuopteris angustifolia ® N. cordata *N. dilatata N. flexuosa *N. hirsuta N. Loschii *N. Missouriensis *N. rarinervis Odontopteris subcrenulata O. heterophylla *O. sphenopteroides | * Pecopteris arborescens *P. Clintoni *P. cristata *P. dentata *P. erosa *P. penneeformis *P. vestita *Pinnularia capillacea™ * Pseudopecopteris acuta? *P. irregularis ° P. macilenta * Pseudopecopteris nummularia™ *P. obtusiloba P. Sillimanni 27 lewd Specimens referred to 4. longifolius (Stb.) Brongn. ?The specimens figured from Missouri under this name were used as types of C. ovatus Lx. and C. dichotomus Lx. ‘The specimens from Clinton thus recorded represent the Linopteris gilkersonensis. ‘Type of the genus Omphalophloios. °Specimens from Missouri referred to L. lanceolatum Lx. 5 Missouri specimens changed to L. Van Ingeni n. sp. 7Transferred to Sigillaria. SProbably the species treated as L. princeps in this report. 9 Neuropteris Scheuchzeri var. angustifolia (Brongn.) Lx. 10 Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hotim. Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill. "2 Aloiopteris Winslovit nu. sp., from the Missouri specimens. A species concerning which there is much uncertainty in the American material. All the specimens from the region of Missouri found by the writer under this name represent the Pecopteris dentata of Brongniart. '4 Radicites capillacea (L. and H.) Pot. ‘ Specimens from Missouri identified with this species are referable to Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill. The Missouri form is indistinguishable from that described as Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Stb.) Lx. ‘7 Tha secondary types of Sphenopteris mixta Schimp. were labeled by Lesquereux with this name. I have been unable to discover the species of Gutbier in any of the collections. 278 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. *Rhacophyllum adnascens* *S. filiculme? *R. arborescens ” *S. longifolium® *R. filiciforme® *S. oblongifolium ® R. fimbriatwn *§. Schlotheimii™ *R. hamulosum * Soroclades ophioglossoides *R. hirsutum * Sphenopteris Brittsii *R. lactuca' ; *S. cheerophylloides *R. membranaceum *S. Dubuissonis *R. spinosum *S. furcata * Sigillaria fissa” *S. Gravenhorstii S. Menardi *S. mixta S. reniformis *S. spinosa’ S. sculpta S. splendens S. spinulosa S. tridactylites 4 * Sphenophyllum erosum® Certain of the above species may with a high degree of probability be referred to other forms described in the preceding pages, though the names have generally been omitted from the discussion for the reason that I have not seen the specimens on which the determinations were based. Such are (1) the Lepidodendron Sternbergu, which, as seen in the collections identified by Professor Lesquereux, was sometimes interpreted so broadly as to include branches hardly distinguishable from L. lanceolatum, to which I am inclined to believe the fragments from Missouri may have belonged; (2) the Lepi- dostrobus Goldenbergii, which is no doubt the cone correlated in the fore- going pages with Lepidostrobus princeps Lx.; (3) Neuropteris cordata, which is here, as in most other cases in our American literature, used for certain ‘Mentioned in connection with Pecopteris dentata Brongn. > Material from Missouri referred to Aphlebia cf. filiciformis and A. crispa. *The earlier generic name Aphlebia Pres] has priority, and is employed for this and other species included by Lesquereux and Schimper in Rhacophyllum. 4Cf. A. Germari Zeill. °The specimens determined as Sigillaria fissa belong to S. sigillarioides (Lepidophloios sigillari- oides Lx.). "S. cuncifolium (Stb.) Zeill. 7The examples found under labels bearing ‘8. filiculme Lx.” are referable to S, emarginatum Brongn., or S. cuncifolium (Stb.) Zeill. *The specimens from Missouri appear to represent the 8. majus of Bronn. ‘The specimens labeled “S. oblongifolium Germ.” are included in a new species, S. Lescurianum. '0°The Missouri specimens and most other American material recorded as this species belong to Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn. 1 Sphenopteris ophioglossoides (Lx.). The plant listed under this name is hereinbefore described as 8. Van Ingenii n. sp. ‘ All specimens in the collections from Missouri found labeled with this name are here referred to Lremopteris missouriensis Lx. “The examination of the figured specimeus from Missouri shows them to belong to the species earlier deseribed by Lesquereux as Sphenopteris pinnatifda. ADDITIONAL SPECIES REPORTED FROM MISSOURI. 279 more lanceolate pinnules of NV. Scheuchzeri Hotlm.; (4) Odontopteris hetero- phylla, which represents probably but heteromorphous pinnules of the same type of Newropteris, and (5) Rhacophyllum fimbriatwn, a wholly ol yscure and equivocal species. Nowhere in the writings of Professor Lesquereux have I found any other mention than that cited above of a Lepidophyllum [or Lepidostrobus| minus. In Hambach’s list, referred to below, it is credited to Lesquereux. It is not likely to be Schenk’s Z. minus,' for I can find no evidence that the publication of the latter was known to Professor Lesquereux at the time of the completion of the Coal Flora. The Sigillaria reniformis of the list is of too little value or importance as a species to merit any further consideration. If we accordingly exclude the somewhat doubtful records just passed in review we shall have left, unaccounted tor, species as follows: Callipteridium Owenti Lx. Ps. Sillimanni (Brongn.) Lx. Neuropteris flexuosa Stb. Sigillaria Menardii Brougn. N. Loschti Brongn. S. sculpta Lx. Odontopteris suberenulata Lx, S. spinulosa Germ. Pseudopecopteris macilenta (L. and H.) Lx. It is appropriate in this place to consider bviefly a few points relating to both the affinities and the geologic occurrence of these species. Callipteridium Oweniris a species in general characteristic of the upper part, or Sewanee group, of the Pottsville series; and I have not yet seen it from the Lower Coal Measures. As generally differentiated in our American collections, Newropteris flexuosa and N. Loschii extend throughout the Coal Measures, but the plant most commonly found under the latter name is indistinguishable from Hoff- mann’s N. ovata, and should be so designated. Pseudopecopteris macilenta, as at present exemplified in our collections, includes two very distinet types, one of which, from the higher coals, is similar to the species of Lindley and Hutton, while the other, from the upper beds of the Pottsville series, passes by transition into the form described as Pseudopecopteris decipiens Lx. It is uncertain which of these two types is meant in the above list. Odon- topteris subcrenulata and Pseudopecopteris Sillimanni are both rare species, and are closely identified with the Mammoth vein in the Southern Anthra- cite field. Stgillaria Menardi, S. sculpta, and S. spinulosa, the remaining 1In Richthofen’s “‘China:” vol. iv, 1883, p. 219, pl. xlii, fig. 13. 280 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. species, are, in general, to be found only in the higher coals of the anthra- cite series. Thus, from a cursory glance at the stratigraphic range of the species given on the high authority of Professor Lesquereux in the above list, it appears that most of the plants of limited range are more or less distinetly peculiar to the coals below the Freeport in the bituminous fields of Pennsylvania or the Mammoth vein in the region of the Southern Anthra- cite field in the same State. The second list of the fossil plants of the Carboniferous of Missouri is that embodied in Mr. G. Hambach’s Preliminary Catalogue of the Fossils Occurring in Missouri. In this enumeration we find, besides the species listed by Lesquereux, a number of others, as follows: Neuropteris tenuifolia Brongn., Sphenopteris cristata Stb., Lepidophyllum majus Brongn., and Taonurus Colletti Lx. from Henry County. Neuropteris fimbriata Lx. and Desmiopyhtlum gracile Lx. from Jasper County. Lepidodendron aculeatum Stb. from Vernon County. Trigonocarpus Dawesii L. and H. and T. oliveformis L. and H. from Cedar County. Since there is no statement to the contrary, we may infer that these additional species are recorded on the basis of identifications made by Dr. Hambach. If we consider these species from the standpoint of their affinities and stratigraphic occurrence, we may note that Newropteris tenuifolia as a name is somewhat ambiguous in this country, some of the material, even con- tiguous fragments, includec thereunder being identical with other material known as N. Loschii. The species, in any case, is unknown to me from below the Lower Coal Measures, though it ascends probably as high as the Lower Barren series (XIV) of the Pennsylvanian sections. Newropteris fimbriata Lx. is not found until we reach some distance above the base of the Coal Measures, and it passes up into the higher coals of the Northern Anthracite field. Desmiophyllum gracile is very close to Teniophyllum lati- folium. Lepidodendron aculeatum Stb. should have a wide range in the upper part of the Lower Coal Measures, while Trigonocarpus Dawesii, if 1 Bull. Geol. Surv. Missouri, No. 1, 1890. See pp. 83-85. SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA. 281 correctly identified, may possibly have been derived from a terrane of upper Pottsville age. In any case, it can avail little to attempt to utilize for cor- relation the species listed by Hambach, since not only are we left in igno- rance, except as we may gain some idea from a general geologic map, as to which of the three divisions of the Coal Measures any of the specimens outside of Henry County came from, but we are also furnished no other geographic localization than the bare name of the county in which the various species are said to have been found. For the reasons given above, little if any weight will be attached to or use made of the few additional species said to have been found in the Coal Measures of Missouri, but which have not been seen in any of the collections to which I have had access. EVIDENCE OF THE FOSSIL PLANTS AS TO AGE AND EQUIVALENCE OF THE TERRANES. Preliminary to an attempt to ascertain the stratigraphic significance of the floras of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, it will be necessary first to take into consideration the general character or facies of the combined flora; to review the vertical distribution of the species and differentiate those possessing, so far as is known, special correlative value, and to con- sider some of the relationships, and the consequent implied chronologic data, of some of the forms made known in this report. This accomplished, we may proceed to the comparison, with special reference to the contempo- raneities indicated by the vegetable remains, of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri (1) with sections of the Carboniferous in other portions of the eastern United States and (2) with several of the sections of the Carbonif- erous group in the Old World. SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA. In the consideration of the relationships of the plants from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri and their occurrence in other regions I shall exclude the few reported* species of which I have not seen specimens, limiting my discussion to the species examined by myself, and recording only such distribution of these species as is based on personal observations. To obtain a comprehensive view of the plants treated in the foregoing ‘Enumerated in the preceding sections. 282 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. pages, we may summarize them, somewhat unsystematically, as follows, the ficures given representing the number of species’ described: Alge, 2. Cycloeladia and Macrostachya, 2. Fungi, 2. Radicites, 2. Eremopteris, 2. Sphenophyllum, 5. Pseudopecopteris, 3. Lepidodendron, 5. Mariopteris, +. Lepidophiloios, 1. Sphenopteris, 19. Lepidostrobus, 3. Oligocarpia, 3. Lepidophyllum and Lepidocystis, 2. Pecopteris, 10. Omphalophloios, 1. Spiropteris and Brittsia, 2. Sigillaria, 4. Aphlebia and Fern trunks, 12. Stigmaria, 2. Alethopteris and Tieniopteris, 3. Teniophyllum and Lepidoxylon, 2. Callipteridium, 5. Cordaites, 2. Neuropteris, 5. Cordaianthus, 2. Linopteris and Odontopteris, 2. Cordaicarpon, 1. Calamites, 3. Cardiocarpon, 1. Asterophyllites, 2. Rhabdoearpos, 2. Annularia, 3. Titanophyllum? 1. Calamostachys and Volkmannia, 2. Dicranophyllum? 1. GENERAL RANGE OF THE MISSOURI FLORA IN THE COAL MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES. From the summary given above, it will be seen that nearly all the com- mon genera of the Mesocarboniferous of the world are represented in the flora of Missouri. Among the more important exceptions are the genera Trigonocarpum,: Bothrodendron, Lonchopteris, and the newer divisions of the old genus Cordaites. The second genus, Bothrodendyron, is very rare in this country and has been supposed by many to be entirely wantmg. There are, however, numerous specimens of it in the recent collections made by the Survey from the Kanawha series (Lower Coal Measures in the European sense) of West Virginia. There is, moreover, little room for doubt that the fossil described by Professor Lesquereux” from “near the base of the Middle Carboniferous Measures” near Alta, Lllinois, as Cyclostigma Kiltorkense Haught., is a representative of the same genus, though the identity of the fossil with the species found in the Old Red Sandstone of Ireland is most improbable. The genus Lonchopteris has not yet, so far as I am aware, been found in North America. \Itis possible that the crushed fruits identified as Rhabdocarpos multistriatus may, when found better preserved, show the characters of Trigonocarpum. 2 Coal Flora, vol. ii, 1880, p. 429. GENERAL VERTICAL RANGE OF THE FLORA. 283 Several biologie features will at once appear from a casual review of the species discussed in the preceding portion of this report. One of these is the great preponderance and considerable diversity of the ferns. These are especially characterized by the presence of a large number of species of Sphenopteris and Pecopteris, many of them representing types generally found at no little distance above the base of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, or No. XIII of the system of denomination employed in the later State geologic reports of Pennsylvania. In fact, the aggregate of species is distinctly such as is only to be found in the Coal Measures proper. With the exceptions of a very obscure fragment, doubtfully referable to Sphenopteris Hoeninghausii Brongn., and a solitary specimen’ representing a new species of small Mariopteris usually confined to the Sewanee group (Upper Potts- ville), there does not appear to be a species in the collections before me that is not at least varietally different from any I have yet seen in the rich floras gathered from the Pottsville series in the Appalachian province. Even the exceptions just noted are represented by not more than three fragments in ail. A large proportion of the species in our flora appear to range through a considerable thickness of the Mesocarboniferous in America, and offer us, accordingly, but little correlative aid, except, im some cases, by refer- ence to their first ascertained appearance. Others, like Spiropteris, Hysterites Cordaitis, Conostichus, Caulopteris? acantophora, and Excipulites Callipteridis are presumably little adapted for stratigraphic use on account of their nature and mode of occurrence, though the last named has not, I believe, been found onany other host than Pseudopecopteris squamosa (Sphenopteris neuropteroides). As representing the former category, or as species insufficiently defined in general, or species whose distribution has not yet been properly studied in the American collections, we may exclude from further consideration Sphenopteris pinnatifida, Pecopteris dentata, the Aphlebie, Callipteridium Sullivantin, Newrop- teris rarinervis, N. Scheuchzeri, the Calamites, Asterophyllites equisetiformis, the Annularie, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, S. majus, Sigillaria tessellata, Stig- maria verrucosa, Cordaites diversifolius, and Rhabdocarpos multistriatus. Before dismissing these, however, I should add that a close inspection of many of the species of wide vertical range shows some very interesting chronologic modifications or phases, which, though they may be local, appear ‘Callipteridium Owenit enumerated by Lesquereux in the list of species from Henry County, Missouri, should perhaps also be included, although I have not seen the specimeus or specimen on which the record is based. 284 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. to be vertically limited and to promise in many cases as great aid, within cer- tain conditions, as distinct species. Thus, among the plants just mentioned, the Pecopteris dentata from Henry County, Missouri, represents the robust type, larger than the typical P. plumosa of the lowest of the Coal Measures, yet not so flat and broad as the one found above the Waynesburg coal in the Upper Barren or “‘Dunkard Creek series” (XVI) of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The form in hand is like that seen in the higher coals of the Lower Productive Coal Measures. On the other hand, the small, narrow form of Newropteris Scheuchzeri and the more delicate Asterophyllites equisetiformis found in the Missouri material are as yet unknown in any of the coals above the Kittanning group of the bituminous series of Pennsyl- yania or the E coal of the anthracite region. So, too, the species which have not hitherto been found outside of the Missouri terranes under consideration have but a subordinate correlative value, based chiefly on analogies and inferences drawn from their relations to other species. The species which, so far as I am aware, are, with refer- ence to their American distribution, peculiar to the flora under discussion, are given in the following list: Hysterites Cordaitis. Eremopteris bilobata. Sphenopteris Broadheadi. S. missouriensis. S. Van Ingen. S. suspecta. S. capitata. S. ophioglossoides. NS. bilobata. Oligocarpiu missouriensis. Pecopteris Jenneyt. P. Clintoni. P. mertensides. P. pseudovestita. Brittsia problematica. Aphilebia membranacea. A. subgoldenbergit. Callipteridium membranaceum. 0. Jenneyi. Neuropteris missouriensis. Teniopteris missouriensis. Sphenophyllum fascieulatwn. Cyclocladia Brittsit. Macrostachya longifolia. Sphenophyllum Lescurianum. Lepidodendron Britésii. L. lanceolatum. LD. scutatum. Lepidophloios Van Ingeni. Lepidophyllum missouriense (Lepi- dostrobus and Lepidocystis mis- souriensis). L. Jenneyt (Lepidostrobus Jenney?). Omphalophloios cyclostigma. Lepidoxylon anomalum. Sigillaria ovata. Cordaites communis. Cordaicarpus cerasiformis. Cardiocarpus Branneri.* Titanophyllum? Brittsii. Dictyopteris gilkersonensis. ‘This species is also found in the Coal Measures of Arkansas, though the report in which it 1s described by Prof. H. L. Fairchild and myself for the State geological survey is not yet published. SPECIES HAVING LIMITED VERTICAL RANGE. 285 STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE OF SPECIES HAVING A RESTRICTED VERTICAL DIS- TRIBUTION. The remaining species of our flora may, on account of either their specific solidarity or their somewhat limited vertical range, be regarded as compositely possessing a more direct and accurate chronologic significance. In the following table is shown the summarized distribution of these species in the bituminous fields of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Pennsyl- yania, and in the Northern Anthracite field, based on a personal examina- tion of the collections that have formed the subjects of the principal printed reports. Several of the species here tabulated are recorded in some of the American literature relating to these collections as having a vertical range greater than that shown in the table; but an examination of the specimens serving as bases for the greater number of those extended records shows ‘that materials from vertically widely separated horizons have often been assigned to the same species, although when closely mspected it is seen that they represent entirely distinct species, and frequently also no transitional or intermediate forms, varieties, or species have been found. Numerous examples are seen among the specimens from the Pottsville series (“sub- conglomerate” and ‘‘conglomerate”), which have been recorded under the names of distinctly Coal Measures species. Those who may wish to con- sult the extended distribution as recorded in the literature will find a nearly complete compilation in the publications of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania." In the following table no account is taken of the variations or modifica- tions which some of the species have undergone within the time of their ascertained duration. The distribution of the species in Rhode Island is omitted on account of lack of information relating to both the geographic and the stratigraphic sources of much of the material. It would seem, however, from the large number of species in the Rhode Island collections that are identical with those in Missouri and the affinities of others, that a considerable portion of the specimens from the former State may have come from a fossiliferous herizon of perhaps not much later date than the fossils from Missouri. ¥See Reports of Progress, P, vol. iii, 1884; PP, 1880; and P 4, vols. i-iii, 1889-90. 286 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Occurrence of Missouri species observed in other basins of the United States. Tllinois; re z F 5 i | Species in Lower Coal Measures of Missouri having re- Morriscoal, aS Darlington enureeie stricte istri j j Jnited States. Q als, ti. al, Can- | s, } bh | stricted distribution in the United States or eaten analor Ohio. | nélton: Pa. Bahl | Higher coals. Bremopleris missouriensis LX ..---.------------ NY bese Base Sellecoadeqeice Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Stb.) Lx.----.----- eee x eae Be 125, ENT DOED: (QL) =e sete cess dese coce anes ones x Ms lboeslSasese | E&D Kans Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill.-.------- | x |----------|---- 2 adele al Mia Sete x x Sphenopteris pinnatifida (Lx.)----.------------- Sphenopteris mites SON) cobede caod.eson paseo | JE aReneD WWTUIOS 3254") sos coeu eesa oes bees eos |. eae Ieccescoase Se TE ae tena lien Sate . cherophylloides Brongn..------------------- x ee sarees x D&E by GPIRGIG, IBRO GI | aac - 5 dos hoo Bese pooese cooEe | x State eces | Oo CH ener Are (Ee eR CSNY Ur stan Seo ee eieoreeee Peeeteaact (i) Wl Ses cabs col eee ees nce CUR ROEONED TD) Se se5 ckcoeecepubaseessscs x lssee coco ce Tarek ators . canneltonensis D.Sp---.----------------- Real eS has a) UA aS 8 x 6 GUAGE CUTE, ID 8s pose cdes bop eea asec eseces x | Oligocarpia cf. Gutbieri Goepp.---------------- x hones sce x x ARAM MNRN Aloiopteris Winsloviin. sp .-.------------------ Yels GROG Gani) ))> soso 5 pao o bee cobmooa deed dsec05 | Pecopteris arborescens Brongn.?.-...--.--------|-----+---- ene Mo ceePcmane E G IP TORT OES ISOS 3 5 Sse peeneo eee soul snes cogces IP, SGPHTRUORE We 5500 aaa Seek see5ou seeeuy ecaaes | P. Candolliana Brongn. ..---..---------------- 125 QUE DE WR) osm 5 oo Soetdeps BoSees Here Sens IP (GHD LP eS 5bac02 555 o2d005 coge55 Sess eeaa se Caulopteris ovalis Lx. Mss .-.------------ BESS ori orca |soeroteons x [a cere a seh Aphlebia hamulosa (Lx). .---..---------------- he eee: aR beet 20 | Uae arate L's 1K Alo GHTROGE. (WES) sans oc S002 coon Boneced casa psa5 Alethopteris ambigua Lx...--.----.------------ A. Serlii Brongn..----------------------------- x Callipteridium Mansjieldi Lx ..---..----------- Base soecod| Hoosaa sacs x (Ch, ONRGIIGHO WW SS5oc0 sintines Ho55506 Sessa odesed||scases Soce|ssoe 050000 x G. Sullivantit (Iax.) Weiss---.----------------- | x x Neuropteris fasciculata Lx.......--------------| x N. dilatatu (L. & H.) Schimp....-.-------..--- Megaphyton Goldenbergii Weiss--.-.------------ Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn - ..---. Calamostachys ovalis Lx.? ..-------.----------- Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongn -.-.-.----- (Ss TOG) NON 5 boas abedo asp seoe oceS opp bo4 Volkmannia pralonga Lx.--.------------------ Lepidodendron rimosum Stb.-..-------- ee eran IDs GPA WR jh Sa3 Boe cos GuobeE CoEeeUpSeere Lepidostrobus princeps Lx ......--.------------ Sigillaria camptotania Wood ...--.------------ | Stigmaria Eventi Lx......-..---..--.---..----- Teniophyllum latifolium White-.--.--.----.----. Cordaianthus ovatus Lx.....-..---.------------ (Ch CRE UO HTN Wd 525 Cobo soso Snes sees base sseaus Rhabdocarpos Mansfieldi Lx ....---------------| Paleoxyris appendiculata Lx .-.--.------------ AYP (CS) scod esto bsos dese seco Stes eassas ) Kn nee wee eee] ---- ---- --)------ +--+] ------ = eee COMPARATIVE STAGE OF MISSOURI FLORA. 287 PROBABLE STAGE OF THE LOWER COALS OF MISSOURI IN EASTERN SECTIONS. A review of the preceding table shows (1) that nearly all the species from Missouri which have a relatively restricted vertical range have also been collected from near the horizon of coal B near Morris or Mazon Creek, Mlinois, or in the Kittanning coals of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and that the plants from the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, especially in Henry County, appear to be most nearly related to those floras; (2) that the greater portion, or nearly two-thirds, of these species are present in the floras of Mazon Creek and Morris; (3) that over one-half of them have been gathered from the Kittanning (chiefly the Darlington and Middle Kittanning) of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and (4) that nearly one-half are also present in the collections from coals D and E (the ‘“Marey” and “Pittston” coals) in the Northern Anthracite field. If we take into account the stratigraphic occurrence of the species most nearly related to those that are peculiar to the Missouri flora the proportions will not be materially changed. Thus Oligocarpia alabamensis Lx., the nearest American ally of O. Missouriensis, is found in the upper beds of the Pottsville series. The fern figured by Lesquereux' as Pecopteris abbreviata? Brongn., the Lepidodendron Worthent Lx., and Lepidophyllum ovatifolium, which are correspondingly related to Sphenopterts ophioglossoides, Lepidoden- dron Brittsii, and Lepidophyllum Jenneyi, respectively, are found at Mazon Creek; Teniophyllum' deflecum Lx., Lepidophyllum Mansfieldi, and Lepido- phloios dilatatus Lx., the relatives of 7. latifolium, Lepidophyllum Missouriense, and Lepidophloios Van Ingeni, are typically from the Darlington coal at Cannelton, while Pecopteris oreopteridia, P. penneformis (as seen in some American collections), related to P. Jenneyi and P. pseudovestita in the Missouri flora, are abundant in the E and D coals, respectively, of the Lack- awanna anthracite field. On the other hand, little information of immediate use in correlation is to be derived from the distribution of the species excluded from the table, on account of their great stratigraphic range, except the very important fact that most of them have not yet been discovered below coal B of the northern bituminous fields. If we assume, then, that the table furnishes a fair representation of the average or mean vertical distribution of our flora, it becomes quite apparent ‘Coal Flora, Atlas, p.8, pl. xlvi, figs. 4-6. 288 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. that the flora from Missouri is not, as a whole, older than the Morris coal, while a large proportion, more than one-half, of the species are to be found in the Middle or Upper Kittanning coal of western Pennsylvania. For, with the exception of the obscure fragment which may possibly belong to Sphenopteris Hoeninghausii, the two specimens of a new species of Pseudo- pecopteris, and the solitary fragmental impression somewhat doubtfully referred to Lepidodendron clypeatum, there is not, I believe, in all the material before me a specimen in any degree characteristic of or usually limited to the Pottsville series. Extensive collections of the plants from the latter series in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, the Virginias, Kentucky, and Tennessee, are now under examination. The flora of the uppermost beds of this series in the anthracite regions in eastern Pennsylvania, is, however, largely unknown. It is certain that the exceedingly slight Potts- ville element, which is astonishingly small when we consider the local strati- graphic position of the coals, is no greater than that found in the coal at Morris, Hlinois, although the stratigraphic interval between the latter and the Millstone grit or Pottsville is much greater and more uniform. The coals with the fine clays and shales in Henry County, Missouri, are seldom over 100 feet above the Lower Carboniferous terranes, while in some instances the lower coal appears to rest on the eroded surface of the latter. On the other hand, a great part of the flora under consideration lies on the other side of the Morris coal, in the direction of the Kittanning horizons of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Thus, in evidence of a later age for our flora we find a number of types of a generally higher range than the flora of Morris and Mazon Creek, apparently higher than the plants from the Brook- ville and Clarion coals in the western Pennsylvania region, and far higher than the A and B coals of the Northern Anthracite field. The presence of some of the younger types, especially the representatives of some of the later species of Pecopteris, in our flora is of far greater importance than mere numerical ratios. And, if we take the testimony of these elements into consideration, we can only conclude that, while the preponderant identity of the vegetation under examination is found near the horizon of the Morris coal in Illinois, it can not, as a whole, be of quite so early a date. The intimate relations of the Missouri plants, especially of the later types unknown in the stage of the Morris coal, with those of the Darlington coal point strongly to a stratigraphic position for the synchronous beds in COMPARISONS WITH NORTHERN ANTHRACITE SECTIONS. 289 the interval between the Morris, or supposed Clarion coal, and the Upper Kittanning. In other words, if we take Henry County, from which most of our evidence, both stratigraphic and paleontologic, is drawn, as the stratigraphic type of the base of the Coal Measures of the State, and assume that the conditions are constant along the margin of the coal field in other counties, the evidence of the fossil plants, so far as they are now obtainable, appears to indicate the deposition of the lowest coals in the State at a time subsequent to the formation of the lower coals of the Lower Coal Measures of the eastern regions, including the Morris coal of Illinois, the Brookville and probably the Clarion coal of Ohio and Pennsylvania, yet perhaps earlier than the formation of the Darlington or Upper Kittan- ning coals of the two States last named. The difficulties attending correlation by fossil plants in the bituminous fields will presently be pointed out. In the Northern Anthracite field, how- ever, in which, thanks to the systematic and scientific methods of collec- ‘tion pursued by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, plants have been assembled from nearly every fossiliferous horizon, the paleobotanic section is, as compared with all other areas in this country, relatively com- plete. The study of the distribution of the Henry County flora in this field shows its closest relations in coals D and E, locally known as the ‘‘ Marey” and the “Big,” or Pittston, coals. But in view of the fact that the E coal of the Pittston and Wilkesbarre regions seems to carry many types of a more modern cast, it is not likely that the Missouri stage is so high in the series as that coal. In the plants of the D coal, not only are a large part of the species identical with those from Missouri, but the flora as a whole is of a similar type. Compared, however, with the somewhat equivocal com- bined flora reported from the C coal,’ the material from the Mississippi Valley appears on the whole fully as recent, while lacking many of the older types found at several of the mines correlated by stratigraphy with that coal. Hence I am inclined to regard the plants from Henry County, Missouri, as more nearly contemporaneous with those in the roof of the D or “Marcy” coal in the Northern Anthracite field, though they are possibly as old as the C coal. Even in the latter case it is clear that several hundred feet of the sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and coals, comprising the lower part of the Coal Measures and the Pottsville, which lie between the ‘See Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 859. MON XXXVII——19 290 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. contemporaneous beds and the top of the Lower Carboniferous in the Wyo- ming Valley, are represented by an unconformability in portions of Missouri, But very little is known of the plants of the Lower Coal Measures south of the Kentucky-West Virginia boundary. But extensive material, showing a rich and highly varied flora, has been collected from the Kana- wha series, about 1,200 feet in thickness, along the Great Kanawha River, in the latter State. Although these collections will properly form the sub- ject of a special report, it may be remarked in this place that few of the spe- cies tabulated above are met with below the middle of the Kanawha series, while many common species, such as Annularia sphenophylloides or Newrop- teris Scheuchzeri, are found only in the upper third of that series. In fact, the paleontologic features of the Kanawha series are more nearly like those of the Lower Coal Measures of Europe, as will in due time be shown. TEMPORARY OBSTACLES TO ACCURACY IN CORRELATION. Far more serious than all the natural limitations of fossil plants as a means for geologic correlation in our American Carboniferous terranes is the difficulty resulting from the lack of standard paleobotanic sections for comparison. By paleobotanic section is here meant a knowledge of the plants that may be found in all the various phytiferous beds that comprise or may with assured accuracy be referred to a single section. Such sections would become, according to their completeness, with reference to the num- ber or nearness of the fossiliferous beds and the degree of exploitation of the floras, their extent, or their geographic and geologic positions, standards not only for the comparison and reference of isolated beds or plant-bearing horizons in the same vicinity or region, but for the determination of time equivalents in different fields or basins. The surprising and painful inadequacy of the materials relating to stratigraphic paleobotany, which has been referred to in the above discus- sion of the distribution of the Missouri plants, and which constituted so serious an obstacle in the attempt to ascertain the age of the outlying small basins in southwestern Missouri, has already been set forth in another place. ‘Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 98, 1893, pp. 118-120. The conclusion that in these basins coals were probably formed near the close of the time of No. XIII, or during the deposition of the Lower Barren Measures, No. XIV, reached in the report on these basins, has, so far, been supported by sub- sequent studies of the plants in other fields. Several of the peculiar forms then described have since been met in the McAlester coal field of Indian Territory. ‘DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF CORRELATION. 291 Since the report on these basins was written, comprehensive collections have been made from the lowest coals (including the Brookville and Clarion) of the Bernice semi-anthracite basin, the bituminous fields of northwestern Pennsylvania, and the lowest coals above the Pottsville series in the anthracite regions. But our knowledge of the floras of the different stages above these or the Morris coal of Illinois, and below the Upper Barren Measures (XVI) in the bituminous fields north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers is, with the exception of several small floras in Illinois, practically still limited to the rich collections from the Darlington coal at Cannelton, Pennsylvania; small collections from three or four points in the “Kittanning” in Ohio, and a small number of species from near the Pitts- burg coal at Wheeling, West Virginia, and a few points in Ohio. But from all the bituminous fields of Pennsylvania no systematic collecting of fossil plants has, so far as I am aware, been done from any horizon between the Clarion coal in the lower part of the Lower Productive Coal Measures and the Waynesburg coal, except at Cannelton, near the Upper Kittanning. Not only are we ignorant of the floras of the various coals in the upper part of the Lower Productive Coal Measures (XIII), or Alleghany series, in that State, but also of the plants of the entire Lower Barren Measures (XIV) and of the Upper Productive Measures, or Monongahela series (XV). With these facts in mind, not only will it be easy to understand the great difficulty in correlating the various stages in the bituminous fields with either definiteness or confidence by means of the fossil plants, but it will also be clear why, in studying the range or correlative affinities of the species in these fields, the smaller or isolated floras are drawn as by mag- nets toward the stages of Cannelton or Morris. It is paradoxical that these two stages at Mazon Creek and Cannelton should have been paleobotani- cally exploited nearly to exhaustion, while east of Illinois the plant fossils of the succeeding measures have remained essentially untouched. So long as paleontologists and museum curators remain content with filling their collections from the two famous localities, Cannelton and Mazon Creek, without an effort to ascertain the floral characters of any other stages, we shall continue without knowledge of the paleobotanic characteriza- tions necessary for the definite or satisfactory recognition in the northern bituminous fields of any stage between the Kittanning and Waynesburg coals. 292 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. COMPARATIVE POSITION OF THE COALS. Notwithstanding the difficulties which attend any attempt to ascertain the contemporaneity of terranes in the upper half of the Mesocarboniferous in the United States, the study of the elements in the floras in hand and their distribution in the lower two-thirds of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, which are better known paleobotanically, shows that the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, as represented by the coals of Henry County, were laid down soon after the Morris coal? in Illinois, though probably earlier than the Upper Kittanning of western Pennsylvania, or very likely about the time of the formation of the D coal in the Northern Anthracite field.’ Thus the chronology of the plants shows that the process of the deposition » of the Mesocarboniferous terranes was well advanced, so that in the bitu- minous fields of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois not only the Pottsville series (XII), ranging from 60 to 1,200 feet or more in thickness north of the Potomac River, but also the lower portion of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, or ‘Alleghany series” (XIII), extending as far upward at least as the Clarion coal, had been laid down on the Lower Carboniferous (Kocar- boniferous) group by the time the lower coals of Henry County were sedi- mented in fringing ponds or marshes along the coast of eroded Eocarbon- iferous rocks in Missouri. It will be remembered that in some places the lower of the two coals (the interval between them being reported as 40 to 60 feet) rests directly on the uneven Eocarboniferous surface, while at other points a variable arena- ceous formation intervenes. The latter, which is very irregular, sometimes conglomeratic, and nowhere of great thickness, appears to represent a wash derived from the decomposed underlying rock, whose hollows it tends to fill, and is generally regarded by the local geologists as belonging to the ‘‘ Mill- stone grit” (Pottsville). So far as the writer is aware, however, no primary fossils have been procured from it to show its true age, and it would seem that it may represent simply the subaerial surface material of decomposition accumulated subsequent to the Eocarboniferous uplift and but imperfectly distributed and sorted when the subsidence of the coast brought about the 1 Supposed by many, for stratigraphic reasons, to be the equivalent of the Clarion coal of the eastern bituminous field, and therefore commonly designated by the same letter (B). 2 The letters in use to designate the coals in the anthracite fields are not to be construed as indi- cating their equivalency with the coals similarly designated in the bituminous regions. COMPARISONS WITH THE FLORAS OF EUROPEAN BASINS. 293 coal-forming conditions at or below water level. This superficial wash may be developed, supplemented, or replaced by other formations in other coun- ties of the State, but in portions of Henry County, at least, it seems to have been eroded and sometimes entirely cut through to the subjacent rock before the fire clays or lower coal were deposited on the uneven surface. The transgression of the water level during the early Mesocarbonifer- ous time has already been discussed by Broadhead,’ Winslow,” and Keyes,’ the State geologists. The evidence of the fossil plants not only corroborates their views in general, but it also fixes the time of the encroachment of the sea on the old coast in the region of Clinton. The paleobotanic criteria indicate that the minimum time represented by the unconformity between the Jordan or Owen coal and the subjacent Eocarboniferous terrane is measured by the period required for the deposition of the Pottsville and the Clarion group of the Lower Productive Coal Measures, a series of rocks reaching a thickness of over 1,200 feet in portions of the anthracite regions, and exceeding 2,400 feet in southern West Virginia. RELATION OF THE MISSOURI FLORA TO THOSE OF EUROPEAN BASINS. ZONE OF THE FLORA IN THE COAL MEASURES OF GREAT BRITAIN. In the preceding pages it has been shown that the coals, resting in places directly on the Lower Carboniferous terranes in Henry County, Mis- souri, are probably of a rather later date than the plants of Mazon Creek and the Morris coal in Illinois, and that they are very likely older than the Upper Kittanning coal of Pennsylvania. It is customary to consider the flora of Mazon Creek, the plants from which are preponderantly identical with those from Missouri, as typically representative of the flora existing immediately at the beginning of Lower Coal Measures time, there being but little difference between the plants from Illinois and those of the bituminous Brookville and Clarion coals in northwestern Pennsylvania, which are probably fully as old as those of the Buck Mountain coal, long since made the boundary between the Pottsville series and the Productive Coal Measures of the typical section in the South- 1 Amer. Geol., vol. xiv, 1894, pp. 380-388. 2Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. iii, 1892, pp. 109-121; Amer. Geol., vol. xv, pp. 81-89; Prelim. Rept. on Coal, Geol. Sury. Missouri, 1891, p. 19. Amer. Geol., vol. xii, 1893, p. 100. 294 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. ern Anthracite field. It will be interesting, therefore, in a brief comparison of the Missouri flora with the floras of the European basins, to note the positions of our species in several of the paleobotanically better known Old World Carboniferous sections. This task, so far as it relates to Great Britain, is made easy through reference to a late publication in which Mr. Robert Kidston, the highest British authority on the Paleozoic floras, has combined and tabulated the results of his most valuable and interesting studies of the fossil floras of the British Carboniferous rocks.’ In the following table is given (1) the vertical distribution by groups of the species found both in our Missouri flora and in Great Britain, and (2) tbe distribution of a number of Old World species (parenthesized) whose relations to our species are sufficiently intimate to lend an inferential significance to their stratigraphic occurrence. But in drawing conclusions of a chronologic nature, relatively little weight should be given to the dis- tribution of the related species, whose evidence is subject to other and per- haps more important elements of uncertainty than those of mere personal opinion and interpretation of figures and descriptions. Table showing distribution in the Coal Measures of Great Britain of the plants of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri or of certain closely related species.” Species. ieee) “ooae noone sition ea 5 Measures.|Measures.| series. |Measures. Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst...---. BAe eS se toe Leaner one ees oer Seo x Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lx..-...-..---..-----|-------- | ox SS lesa cisc4|lescnoce SPE NSQUAMOBOA (LUX) Peeters inn elelatcinise clean eee eee Ia Seemcpees [es oa at were x x Mariopteris ef. nervosa (M. nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill.)..-.---- | x x Dall aaasinaoo| pescicsod M. sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill, (M. acuta (Brongn.) Zeill.)..|....---- heal sxe is Meee eee me sae 5 Mariopteris u. sp. (Sphenopteris Jacquoti (Zeill.) Kidst.) .--.)--..---.)--..---- Sy il see cee eee ee Sphenopteris mixta Schimp...---..------------------------- Joece eee tees ceee 3S opeocsellessocena S, Lacoet D. W. (S. rotundifolia Andrii) ........--...--.---- lGretees (RAS Soc SKI A eerie ten eee S. Broadheadi D. W. (Hymenotheca Dathei Pot.) .......-----|..-:----|-------- O< alleleerarscieys BESS e50K S. missouriensis D. W. (S. Woodwardii Kidst.)..........---.|-------- [Peete Sate | NE ee] S pce x S. pinnatifida (Lx.) (S. quadridactylites Gutb.) -...--..----.|---- ----|---- ---- 3 cee sell Sensiee se Sy Gaia) (Isoeveaes)) Jengell Goan oeepcoreeces segeda sa5ass Gesollcooe cco loose come ) 28): |lGebomeca|lossa bese S. subcrenulata (Iux.) (Lecopteris crenwlata Brongn.) 232 ese|eoee seen |eeesaecc|ece a cece lessee ce x Oligocarpia missouriensis D. W. (O. Brongniartit Stur) ....-.).--..---|-------- XK eens eee e cere eens | | ‘On the Various Divisions of British Carboniferous Rocks as determined by their Fossil Flora. Address of the retiring vice-president. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc, Edinb., vol. xii, 1894, pp. 183-257. 2Names of foreign related species, whose distribution is given, are in parentheses immediately following the names of the American species to which they bear relation. COMPARISON WITH BRITISH CARBONIFEROUS FLORA. 295 Table showing distribution in the Coal Measures of Great Britain of the plants of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri or of certain closely related species—Continued. Species. Millstone grit. Lower Coal Measures, Measures. Middle Coal Transi- tion Upper Joal series. Measures, Aloiopteris Winslovit D. W. (A. Sternbergit (Ett.) Pot.).----- 71. GROG ENT occas cobocs COO COR DO DUCOBOBEBBOBECEES HObe.0EG Pecopteris dentata Brongn .-.--..+-++.--------+----+-----++- P. cf. arborescens (P. arborescens (Schloth.) Brongn.)..----- P. hemitelioides Brongn.? (P. arborescens var. cyathea (Brongn.) Kidst.)...------------------------ +--+ -2-+---- |. P. Jenneyi D. W. (P. oreopteridia (Schloth.) Brongn.) ------ P. Candolliana Brongn...---....---.------------- +--+ +2---- P. squamosa Lx. (P. lamuriana Heer)..--.--.-------------- P. vestita Lx. (P. villosa Brongn.) ...--.------------------- Aphlebia spinosa (LX.)..------------+--- +--+ 2-22 --2 2 2+ A. crispa (Gutb.) Presl....-------++--- ++ +220 ee ence eee eee A, filiciformis (Gutb.) Sterz..-.-. ----++---+ -222-2 2-2 eee A. subgoldenbergii D. W. (A. Goldenbergii Weiss) ----------- Alethopteris ambigua Lx. (A. aquilina (Schloth.) Goepp.)---- A, Serlit (Brongn.) Goepp..---.-----------------------+-+* Callipteridium Mansfieldi Lx, (Alethopteris Grandini (Brongn.) Goepp.)------ ------ -----+ e222 2 eee eee eee eee C. inequale Lx. (4. Davreuxit (Brongn.) Goepp.?).--------- Odontopteris Bradleyi Lx. (Od. Lindleyana Stb.)..--- p.cosdee Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb-....----.------+-+-+-+---+------ N. missouriensis Lx. (N. flecuosa Sth.) .---...--------------- N. fasciculata Lx. (N. macrophylla Brongn.?)..---.-------- INS ChenchizeniiHlottine eet ens tench nasicccis-aaceecesBecices N, dilatata (u.'& H.) Lx..-... 2.2... ----.----- --- 2-2 == ee Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W. (LZ. Miinstert (Eichw.) Brongn.) ------ 2202 ene een ns eee eee eee e tenes Calamites ramosus Artis. ..---. 222-2. -------- eee eee eee C. Suckowii Brongn. ..---..----- 22020 1-22 es eee eee eee G. Cistit Brongn .--2-. --55.. se025- 2-05 32 oo wo een ne =e Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn...---------- A. longifolius (Stb.) Brongn....--.--------------+-02---5-- Calamostachys ovalis Lx.? (Palwostachya pedunculata Will.) . Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood ....-..----------------- A. sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb.-..-----------------++---: A. ramosa Weiss (4. radiata (Brongn.) Stb.)..-.------------ Cyclocladia Brittsii D. W. (Macrostachya infundibuliformis (Bronn) Schimp.)----.-------- +--+ ---222 e222 eee eee reese Radicites capillacea (L. & H.) Pot -.------ eboboocopsscooees Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill...---.----.--------- S. emarginatum Brongn ......---- --------++-220 5-022 eee eee S. majus Broun .....------ 22. eee eee eee eee ee eee ons. ON PSE ON x SOS OS OS eR eS PSO ON ON OS OG 2S 296 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. Table showing distribution in the Coal Measures of Great Britain of the plants of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri or of certain closely related species—Continued. oe ations! Zener | Midale | transl | Uppe ) Measures, Measures, series. |Measures, | | | S. Lescurianum D. W. (S. oblongifolium (Germ.) Ung.).----- ooue coos lige | ih eed | eseeeers rere |foloeteve eros Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx. (L. Worthent Iux,)) -=4--.-.--<0 Aes lpm | dE Ta | * Se x x L. lanceolatum Lx. .----. ------ -----+ e222 02 -- eee ene eee leone sodclloeauacce eres enn x L. rimosum Sth --.-.---- 220 eee een ne eee ene enn een e | nee enna lowes one DRONE: Rv alerevete niall eteie ron eee L. scutatum Lx. (L. ophiurus Brongn.) .----------------+---- panini x Seas aetna al eae Lepidostrobus princeps Lx. (L. Geinitzti Schimp.)) -------1---- joree cose x Datel (eee ete lee Lepidophyllum Jenneyi D.W. (L. triangulare Zeill.) .-.-.--- | Beas socal HesaeaS Pare oR ees lk L. Missouriense D. W. (ZL. majus Brongn.) .----------------- | sodo sede x | 36 Wee Viren Sigillaria camptotenia Wood ..-.----------------++++2+ +--+ ei Pats ieex Neccocdea| ss coc0ce SUMMARY. teers Games a Identical species ......----. .----------- 2-2 e222 ---- 34 3 12 22 14 25 Related species. --.--------------------+---+-+++----- 35 1 9 22 pad 19 A glance at the accompanying table shows that the greater portion of our species are found in the Upper Coal Measures and the Middle Coal Measures of Great Britain. Whether in this table of distribution the related species are excluded or taken into consideration, we find nearly equal proportions of the floras occurring in either of these two groups. The number of species found in the Lower Coal Measures is but about one-half that in either of the above-mentioned groups, and is, moreover, composed largely of plants of wide vertical range, found in one or all of the above groups. It is important to note that the percentage of species in the Millstone grit of Great Britain, as well as in the Pottsville series of the United States, is very small, being practically insignificant. On the face of the numerical proportions it would seem that the Henry County flora is so evenly divided between the floras of both the Upper and the Middle Coal Measures as to deserve consideration as intermediate between them. The Sphenopteroid species, both identical and related, appear ZONE OF MISSOURI FLORA IN BRITISH SERIES. 297 to bind our flora to the Middle Coal Measures. But the characteristic floras of these British groups are more conspicuously marked by the important additions which enrich the variety of plant life as we pass upward than by the disappearance of the older forms, though the latter feature is clearly indicated and of great service. The development of the Pecopteroid flora appears to be confined in Great Britain almost exclusively to the Upper Coal Measures. And it is largely to the proportion of identical or related species of Pecopteris and the intimately connected Aphlebie that the approxi- mate equality of the percentages in this table is due. It must, however, be borne in mind that the Middle Coal Measures of England contain a number of more recent species, such as Pecopteris polymorpha Brongn., P. Miltoni Artis, and P. pteroides Brongn., which are of generally younger rank than the flora from Missouri. Among the extensive material from the Radstock coal field in the Lacoe collection the higher forms are in abundance, not- withstanding the presence of very many species in common with those from the trans-Mississippian region. On the other hand, the younger types, such as Pecopteris Jenneyi, P. Candolliana, P. hemitelioides?, and P. cf. arbo- rescens, are very rare in our flora. In view of the foregoing considerations it appears very evident that the flora of Henry County is not older than that of the Middle Coal Meas- ures of Great Britain. The presence in our flora, not only of an equal number of species, but also of a considerable number of younger types identical with or closely related to those of the Upper Coal Measures justi- fies the belief that our flora is not much younger than the Upper Coal Measures, and that, considering its almost equally close relation to that of the Middle Coal Measures, it may safely be considered as intermediate between the two, or as occupying approximately the position of the ‘“tran- sition beds,”! with a very intimate connection with the flora of the Upper Coal Measures. The plants of these beds are very imperfectly known, but from the common facies of their flora as yet revealed I am at present dis- posed to regard these terranes as not younger than the lower coals of Henry County. The flora of the latter may even correspond in part to that of the basal portion of the Upper Coal Measures in the British coal fields. 1The “New Rock” and the “Vobster Series” of the Bristol and Somerset coal field and the “Lower Pennant” of the South Wales coal field. 298 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. ZONE OF THE MISSOURI FLORA IN THE CARBONIFEROUS BASINS OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE. A comparison of the fossil plants from Henry County, Mazon Creek, or Cannelton with the floras of the different stages of the Carboniferous in the Old World coal fields reveals a series of paleontologic and chronologic relations that are full of significance and interest to American students. One need but glance at the monographs of the floras of the various stratigraphic groups in the Carboniferous basins of western Europe to recognize the strong similarity between the forms familar in our American: Lower Coal Measures of the Northern States and those from the Valen- ciennes or Franco-Belgian Basin, the Westphalian coal field in Germany, or the Schatzlar group in Bohemia. The broadest, most general, and most valuable results of a compara- tive study of these forms would be reached by a view of the identities, affinities, and distribution, as well as the vertical range and sequence, of the plants of those European basins in which the Middle Carboniferous is present combined with those of the American Lower Coal Measures. But sinee such a study would be laborious on account of its extent, and would encounter numerous difficulties in local stratigraphic correlations and nomenclature, it would be much simpler to consider each basin separately, regarding the succession of floras from the various levels as constituting a single paleobotanic section of that basin. Since, however, the series in the Valenciennes Basin is more limited in vertical extent, and since its flora, exhaustively elaborated with special reference to the stratigraphic problems, is more readily adapted to an epit- omized comparison, it may be chosen as typically illustrating the general continental position of the flora under consideration. In his admirable monograph of the fossil flora of the Valenciennes Basin,! M. Zeiller divides the terranes on the basis of the florai characters into three well-marked zones, viz: 1. The lower zone, or zone of Vicoigne, represented at numerous points in the horizons of Annceulin and Vicoigne, Departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais, and populated with Sphenopteris ‘Etudes des gites minéraux de la France. Publiées sous les auspices de M. le Ministre des travaux publics par le Service de topographies souterraines. Bassin houiller de Vallenciennes. Description de la flore fossile, par R. Zeiller, Ingénieur en chef des mines. Text, Paris, 1888, pp. 1-731, 4°. Atlas, 1886, pp. i-vi, pl. i-xciv, 4°. COMPARISONS WITH FLORAS OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE. 299 Hoeninghausii, Mariopteris muricata, Pecopteris aspera, P. dentata, Alethopteris lonchitica, Neuropteris Schlehani, Lepidodendron Veitheimii, Bothrodendron punctatum, and Sigillaria elegans... ‘This zone is presumably next above the Millstone grit. 2. The middle zone, or zone of Anzin-Meurchin, is divisible on paleobotanic lines into three horizons, of which the lower is character- ized by the great abundance of Sphenopteris (Pseudopecopteris) trifoliolata, Diplothmema (Sphenopteris) furcatum, Alethopteris Davreuxii, Sphenophyllum myriophyllum, and Sigillaria rugosa, as well as rarer specimens of Sphenop- teris (Pseudopecopteris) obtusiloba, Pecopteris abbreviata, Asterophyllites equi- setiformis, Sigillaria levigata, and Cordaites borassifolius ; the middle horizon by the continuation of Sphenopteris Hoeninghausti, Alethopteris lonchitica, Bothrodendron punctatum, and the rare appearance of Alethopteris valida, A. Serlii, and Sigillaria camptotenia, while the third horizon is marked by the excessive rarity of the species typical of the lower zone, the absence of the Stephanian species found in the upper zone, and the abundance of Pecopteris abbreviata. 3. The third or upper zone, that of Bully-Grenay, in the Franco-Belgian Basin, includes among its typical species the Sphe- nopteris (Pseudopecopteris) obtusiloba, S. neuropteroides, Pecopteris abbreviata, Alethopteris Serlii, Neuropteris rarinervis, N. tenwifolia, LTinopteris Sub- Brongniartii (near to L. obliqua Bunb.), Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Sphe- nophyllum emarginatum, Sigillaria tessellata, S. camptotenia, and Cordaites borassifolius in abundance, and the first examples of the Stephanian types, Alethopteris Grandini, Annularia sphenophylloides, A. stellata, Pecopteris crenu- lata, and Linopteris Miinsteri, while the characteristic species of the lower zone are entirely wanting. The reader will already have recognized the names of the common American species in this upper zone, which belongs to the upper portion of the “Westphalian” group. The Westphalian (Houwiller Moyen) is succeeded in. the stratigraphic column of Europe by the Stephanian, on which rest the Autunian and other Permian subdivisions. The relation of our flora to the European series is, however, somewhat concisely represented by the accompanying condensed tabulation of the In this discussion no attention will be paid to the horizons or minor geologic subdivisions of which the various species are characteristic or at which their distribution begins or ends. These features, which have been worked out with brilliant results by M. Zeiller, are too detailed to warrant consideration in an intercontinental comparison. 2Tt seems possible that the Valenciennes series may hardly exteud to the top of the Westphalian, 300 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. abridged distribution of (1) the identical and (2) the apparently closely related (parenthesized) species in the Westphalian as represented in the Valenciennes Basin: Table showing distribution in the Valenciennes Basin (Westphalian) of species identical with or probably closely related (parenthesized) to those from Missouri. [xX = present; C—common; R= rare.] Species, Sie | a | Bremopteris missouriensis Lx. (Diplothmema furcatum (Brongn.) Stur)...-..---|---.---- | R R Pseudopecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) LX..----.-----.-------+-----+-----++----- Re aS Cc Ps. squamvosa (ox.) --- 2-0 ---- ---= cone eee nen wore cna einem sae niss «=~ =~ || = === = == Papa C Mariopteris cf. nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill. (I. muricata (Schloth.) Zeill.)---.-.--. AR | eee R M. sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill..---...---. ---.------ ---- +--+ 2 one wow 2 |e oe | epoone06 x Mariopteris n. sp. (Diplothmema Jacquoti Zeill.) ..---.-------------- +--+ +-----|--------|-------- R Sphenopteris mixta Schimp. ..---.-.-. ---- ---- 200-222 oo 2 ooo eee een ene nee |ee ee eee jnvesae-| X S. pinnatifida (Lx.) (S. quadridactylites Gutb.) ...---.-------- ‘Seiestsecistssiewcicsa||(Saasteoete ake R S. cherophylloides (Brongn.) Presl..-..-.--...---- ------------ +--+ seveveecullas aetaoee peeciciece= XK S. cristata (Brongu.) Presl (S. Douvillei Zeill.)....--. .----. .- 2-2-2 == = | ene R S. canneltonensis D. W. (Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur) ....-.------.-------------|-------- |=-2--e0- R ‘SucapitatasD iW (S.cPotiert Zeill. )'- < jesacseos sees esey ese ce aware ee eae | eee |Seacuee R S. ophioglossoides (ux.) (iS. Crepini Zeill.) . .--2-- -2- 2 ee cen ns one n= nee mn ne we fens ae R S. subcrenulata (Lx.) (Pecopteris crenulata Brongn.)....---------+ ----0-------|eee2----|---- =~ R Oligocarpia missouriensis D. W. (O. Brongniartii Stur) -.-...--..---.-----+----|-------- R R Aloiopteris Winslovii D. W. (A. Sternbergi (Ett.) Pot.).-.----.---.------------|.------- R R Recoplentsrentata ve BrOn SMe melatcia sis re elele aeeee a aaa aie iterate x ~< x P. pseudovestita D. W. (P. abbreviata Brongn. ?)...----.---------------+--+----|-------- R R SPAM EStULC ux CEA OLKMANNL SAV.) las cee se eclee reece er aeeeeieeseeee ene R RNAS ote IPNelintonyilxe Ceaintegr ay (AN dra) Schimp:) seseeeeieee ee eieeeee elses sees eases leet a R AS HUAI GREG (EMU 5) IBIS ee Se bop oco. cobs cone cose Sosdos noone seas EScoCauS|looeaosne x x Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp..-..----.----..---------- --- 02 2-2 eee eee yee x Cc Callipteridium ef, Mansjieldi Lx. (Alethopteris Grandini (Brongn.) Goepp.)---- Boas o5| hae deosa R INQTRO DEGAS GRUPO OUB AS }00 all NEG S560 cobKbo seeuos Sods coo adas boos Doceso bees oyseS esteess C INS EOS Wise, (UNG TACO ISD) Ghaaedocons ob e6ooccoobE dooscooceoSo toon R R R NEES GREUCHZENL ELO LIM sjs,c 2a ss iclwin Savere sisters Se seic [kia ore Soret Ste Sale ele Ser eieote oie ee eer | eee x x Linopteris gilkersonensis D. W. (L. Miinsteri (Hichw.) Brongn.)...--..--.-----|---.----|-------- R (ChAT ORI POTORUD INOS A Bab bo5 poeene pooped coeasy obbooo0soCcu addibon voSesh oases Hin, Se x x (Ch; SAROCHED, IB OIE 550 sono cSaben suacosoaeene KbOttO odeces cot senodeue ceedes ee ore x G (Ch CERCA: ITO SS6acec Sonocobeodas sag eds Saacoo Goncod Odicees sotcce odeSdu Scases alae xe x Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn ...--.-.----.-----.----.------ Rerae MA. x (6 #5 UDO ORIS (Subs) ROWAN S556 onboos bea beo ron soe Caddo cdnStd Coscog.Sbece0|/on00 6600 x ? Calamostachys ovalis Lx.? (Palwostachya pedunculata Will.).---.--------------|----+--- R Bisaoca Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.), Gutb....--..----.------------ ee-e ee enone |aceoceedlsiseceee C Ae stellatal( Schlothe) WOU scree cs eke seanacc ants eae eae meee esac REE ee | BENE Poy | x Radicites capillacea (L. & H.) Pot. (Pinnularia columnaris (Artis) Zeill) pa tear eet pl sen R COMPARISON WITH FLORA OF VALENCIENNES BASIN. 301 Table showing distribution in the Valenciennes Basin (Westphalian), ete.—Continued. Species. TORO pete Ba Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Stb.) Zeill...-...--..--.. 22-22. 2-00-- veces ee eee IP ose x x Sb GRGAPIRCHID ISRONEIN > coc0s ogEb aes Bee EEE EAB Enos coedcu oddone ssedeacosecncellsoae aden Ise Ne SHEL) WARE LOM Nese seem aetstepee ever ae eis aie oe wlejwic oie te so RE eee ic seen Bea fete etal S sieeve cine Seeceoes x GepidodendroniBritts Waxy (im ivontiont Lx.) ...-- 2s 22e sess eeeen seeeee Josencee aR Wl ete te Jb. PURO WD ¢ch0500 550008 n6ea55 a90555 DanA RGERAC CabeRO DooHEDEESKaSESEencalecesbooal 5S Ikesocee DL. lanceolatum Lx. (L. lycopodioides Stb.?)..2---...---. ..-- 20-2222 eee eee cess loses Snes R L. sewtatum Lx. (L. ophiurus Brongn.) Lepidostrobus princeps Lx. (L. Geinitzii Schimp.) .............-..--.------.- Lepidophyllum Jenneyi D. W. (L. triangulare Zeill.) Ik) Sigillaniaicampto tanta WOO see ceca ae san eee see = seis es see see ceieeee net oee exc So UBECUMEGS (GuGHAIN,)) IB ROMER 65 coodeeoonedecs Hebo CD beSUDoO SoS anacsassos boo (O} IS OUALGNG AUN eee na mae eee ee ccs oats cask wale asiedve ese ood tig epee Rete oe ISX Stigmantawennucosal (Martin) \SueAs Mille conse 2 ceceeccess eee sse cess coon eee x IS SPEV ENMU Reese cients is oe cele eeeeion vise eeeiececes Bee ERASE aoe senoad soccsdl acse ceases ease x Cordaites communis Lx. (C. borassifolius (Stb.) Ung.).--...--..-.-.-----------|s------- R R Cordaianthus ovatus Lx. (C. Volkmanni (Ett.) Zeill.)............---.------.-.|-------- Basieses leone} SUMMARY. li Identical species-.... ea Sdbipci ce UNE SH APS OO BBAMpSUCERESae ces sania 26 7 19 25 Supposed rel ateduspeclespaacseeerEeseie ee eee eee eeaaeacse ce eene eee ee 26 3 Ty |p Bait The comparative distribution of identical or closely related species exhibited in the foregoing table is at once striking and instructive. A glance at the columns shows that many among both identical and related species are found in the middle zone. But the conspicuous and significant fact is the occurrence of 24 or 25 of the 26 of the identical Missouri species in the upper zone of the Franco-Belgian basin. If we take account of the distribution of the related species, we find 21 of the 27 in the same zone. Thus our flora has a very marked and preponderant affinity with the flora of the zone of Bully-Grenay. The evidence afforded by the distribution of the species needs only to be supplemented by a review of the profuse and admirably executed figures of the species from the upper zone given in Professor Zeiller’s great memoir to insure a conviction that in that upper zone of the Valenciennes coal field we find terranes of the age of the lower coals in Henry County, Missouri. In fact, assuming a uniform distribution for the plants, there can be little doubt that the floras are nearly synchronous. 302 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. But although the identical species coincide so nearly exactly in their occurrence in the upper zone, we may profitably inquire as to the relations of the Missouri flora to that of higher beds not represented in this field, and therefore not tabulated, or whether, while the main body of our flora is most closely allied to the zone of Bully-Grenay, the flora as a whole is not more closely bound to the succeeding floras or those of the lower zone. The testimony of the related species recorded in the table, so far as it concerns this inquiry, would seem to indicate less strongly the similarity of our flora to that of the upper zone, although nearly the same ratio prevails in the distribution in the middle zone. As tending, however, to explain this, it should be stated that in a few cases the species from the Valenciennes Basin, tabulated for the comparison, are not really so intimately bound in their specific details to the corresponding Missouri plants as are other Stephanian species not occurring in the Valenciennes series. Thus Sphenopteris Van Ingeni is probably most closely related to Sphenopteris Matheti from the Com- mentry Basin (Stephanian), Pecopteris Jenneyi to P. densifolia or P. oreopteridia of the same group, while Lepidostrobus princeps is much nearer L. Goldenbergit than to L. Geimitzii, used for comparison with the Valenciennes flora. But besides the evidence of related species, which is after all of very subordinate weight, we have in the material from Henry County a number of species of Stephanian identity or affinity. Among the former are Sphe- nopteris cristata, S. subcrenulata, Pecopteris hemitelioides?, and P. Candolliana and P. ef. arborescens, while Sphenopteris cherophylloides is regarded as essen- tially a Stephanian species. Still other types are more modern in their characters or generic occurrence. Examples of these are possibly present in Brittsia, which is perhaps related to the Stephanian genus Zygopteris, and in the plants provisionally referred to Titanophyllum and Dicranophyllum, both genera of the Stephanian, or in Callipteridium Sullivantii, perhaps most nearly related to Odontopteris obtusa, Sphenophyllum Lescurianum, which seems to belong to the later group represented by S. angustifolium, ete.; the Rhabdo- carpus Mansfieldi, which is undoubtedly very closely allied to Pachytesta insignis of the higher Measures, and perhaps the Teniopteris missouriensis. The presence of these later types in the flora of Henry County," as 1 Of the 26 species represented in both the Missouri and Valenciennes floras, only 1, Lepidodendron rimosum, is lacking in the upper (Bully-Grenay) zone. This species was found only in the lower horizon of the middle zone of the Franco-Belgian Basin. ZONE OF MISSOURI FLORA IN EUROPEAN COAL FIELDS. 303 well as the comparative absence of species characteristic of the middle zone of the Valenciennes Basin, indicates for our flora a greater and more significant affinity with that of the beds succeeding the zone of Bully- Grenay than with those below it; and, if the Old World deposits which are contemporaneous with the Henry County Coal Measures transgress either boundary of the upper zone of the Valenciennes series, the transgression or overlap is undoubtedly on the side of the beds succeeding the Valen- ciennes series and perhaps infringing on the Stephanian. For my own part, | am inclined to consider our flora as perhaps in a measure transi- tional; and that, while it is probably contemporaneous with a portion at least of the upper zone of the Valenciennes Basin, its marked affinities with many of the types of the Stephanian, as presented in the basins of Commentry or the Saar, make it far from impossible that it may repre- sent a slight paleontologic transgression on the Stephanian (‘Houiller supérieur” ). The above conclusions as to the contemporaneity of the Henry County flora with the plants of the upper zone of the Westphalian (‘“Houiller moyen”) in the Franco-Belgian Basin are in striking harmony with the conclusions drawn from our comparisons with the British Coal Measures. For the study of the respective floras by Kidston! and Zeiller? has shown that the variations of the flora in the different stages of the British series are very nearly parallel with those in the Valenciennes Basin, so that the Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain are regarded as essentially contem- poraneous with the lower (Vicoigne) zone of the Valenciennes Basin. The Middle Coal Measures are correlated with the middle zone,’ while the transition beds of the British series, the plants of which are less completely known, are referred with little doubt to the zone of Bully-Grenay. Thus we find that those portions of the Old World terranes in (1) the British Coal Measures and (2) the Franco-Belgian Basin, which as the result of entirely independent and distinct paleontologic comparisons I have been led to regard as contemporaneous with our Missouri flora, have, in the course of the paleobotanie studies of the Old World series, been correlated by the ‘Foss. Fl. Radstock Ser., 1887, p. 408. ?Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., (3) vol. xxii, 1895, p. 494. 3In the case of the Potteries coal field in North Staffordshire, the uppermost beds are regarded by Zeiller, from their paleophytologic characters, as extending a little above the middle zone. 304 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. European paleobotanists. In the uniformity, consistency, and definition of the correlative evidence the fossil plants here offer an example seldom equaled in any other class of paleontologie evidence. If we compare the Missouri plants with the floras of the other Euro- pean basins, we shall find the synchronologie evidence essentially the same. Thus, in brief, just as our flora, while it is largely identical and probably contemporaneous, in part at least, with the ‘‘Transition series” of Great Britain and the zone of Bully-Grenay, in the Valenciennes Basin, seems to transgress slightly on the Upper Coal Measures and the Stephanian, so we find it in the basin of Saarbriick near the top of the Westphalian (Saar- briicker Schichten), where in the Geislautern beds, which probably extend higher than the top of the Valenciennes series, being in partial correspond- ence with the British Upper Coal Measures, a number of Stephanian (Ottweiler Schichten) types make their appearance. In the basin of Zwickau, in Saxony, the treatise on the plants of which by Geinitz is among the classics in paleobotanic literature, the closely related and probably synchronous beds are toward the base of a continuous series marked in passing upward by a mingling of Westphalian and Ste- phanian forms,’ which give way to the predominance of the ordinary species of the latter division. In the basins of lower Silesia and Bohemia we shall find large repre- sentations of our species in the Schatzlar and Radnitz groups. With the flora of the ‘“Schazlarer Schichten,” the monographic elaboration of which was unhappily interrupted by the death of Director Stur, there is a close relation, especially between plants from the upper beds of that group and those which form the subject of this report. Of the groups in central Bohemia, the “ Radnitzer Schichten,” whose plants have received treatment by Sternberg, Corda, Ettingshausen, and O. Feistmantel, are of the greatest present interest to us. The presence in this series, especially in the Swina and Mostitz beds, of a large number of species either identical or closely related to those from Missouri is at once apparent from an inspection of Ettingshausen’s plates or the memoirs of O. Feistmantel,” though the nomen- clature in the former is largely different. 1 See Sterzel: Paliiont. Char. d. Oberen Steink. u. Rothl., p. 70. 2 Verst. d, bohm, Kohlen-Ablag., i-iii, 1874. DISTRIBUTION OF MESOCARBONIFEROUS FLORAS. ' 300 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. General comparisons, such as those summarized in the preceding pages, of the flora in hand from Missouri with the floras of the Mesocarboniferous series in the principal basins of Europe show (1) so large a number of identical species, (2) so great a proportion of related species, (3) so impor- tant a predominance of the same floral elements, and (4) so close a general parallelism in the appearance and disappearance of the types as shown in their vertical distribution and occurrence in the upper beds of the West- phalian (Houiller Moyen, Saarbrucker Schichten), that the conclusion that the lower coals of Henry County, Missouri, were deposited near the close of that period is not on any demonstrable grounds avoidable. The evi- dence of uniformity in the climate prevailing over Europe, within the Arctic Circle,! in North America, Asia, and, to some extent at least, in the. southern hemisphere, during early Carboniferous time, is too generally recognized to require discussion as to the fact. The astonishingly large proportion, not only of genera, but of species as well, found to be identical in the Culm and Mesocarboniferous in all the basins of Hurope, North America, and China, and the comparative regularity in the sequence of the floras in these basins, are so strongly marked as to leave little room for doubt as to the extremely intimate connection of the floras living about the respec- tive basins, or the existence of continental conditions necessary to their rapid, almost simultaneous and uniform, distribution. The extremely close relationship, so well known to paleobotanists, between the respective floras of the Culm, Millstone grit (Pottsville series), and basal portions of the Lower Coal Measures in the fields 6f Europe and America necessitates the assumption of wonderful facilities for plant distribution during Culm and early Mesocarboniferous time, facilities which, with the aid of an even climate and presumably relatively low topography, made possible the comparatively regular distribution and sequential order of probably nineteen-twentieths of the genera and an unknown proportion (perhaps over one-half between North America and Europe) of the identical species. The degree of iden- tity in the types is not less remarkable than the geographic range of ' The plants of Bear Island and Spitzbergen are shown by Nathorst not only to-have included the common genera, but largely identical species, while the individuals are as fully developed and robust as those found in the contemporaneous beds of southern Europe or the United States. (See Zur Paliiozoischen Flora d. Arkt. Zone, Stockholin, 1893.) MON XXXVII 20 306 FLORA OF LOWER COAL MEASURES OF MISSOURI. individual species, and this in turn is much less impressive than the uni- formity of the sequence and the parallelism of their appearance and extinction during this epoch, or the similarity of the elements which com- posed each flora. The writer is disposed to believe that the conditions favorable for plant distribution and the consequent comparatively homo- geneous dispersion of the successive floras of the northern hemisphere during the period extending from the later Culm to near the middle of the Mesoearboniferous have never been equaled since. That there was plant migration can not for a moment be questioned. Yet the evidence of dis- tribution, of vertical range, of characteristic associations, and of the suc- cession of the floras bespeaks for the terrestrial plant species of that period such geographic uniformity of climate and such facility of intermigration, probably over a minimum distance, as to justify us in regarding the aston- ishingly similar associations of identical or closely related genera and species which characterize each stage, zone, or group of the Culm and Mesocarboniferous as essentially contemporaneous in all the basins of the northern hemisphere. Whether the Carboniferous flora was developed within the arctic zone or some other region of the earth is hardly more than a subject for specu- lation. Personally I am inclined to believe that many of the species or genera of the Mesocarboniferous were, under similar local conditions, evolved in different portions of the land surface, whence they spread, with a rapidity difficult to conceive in the present day, over the greater part of the northern continents. Such a mode of generation, at different points, of the various elements comprising a given flora might be described as polychthanous. The suggestion offered at different times by several European paleo- botanists’ that the flora of Mazon Creek, which is generally cited in America as the familiar illustration of the plant life of the lower part of our Lower Productive Coal Measures, really represents a stage much higher than the lowest series above the Millstone grit of Europe seems to be fully corrobo- rated by a comparative examination of the floras. Such an examination will show, if we accept the synchronology of the respective floras, that the plants of the Middle Kittanning, or of the E coal, fall within and are apparently nearly contemporaneous with the Geistlautern beds or the upper- See Zeiller: Fl. foss. bassin houill. Valenciennes, p. 195. RELATION TO FLORA OF POTTSVILLE SERIES. 307 most beds of the Westphalian, while the Pittsburg coal of the bituminous basins* and the G coal of the Northern Anthracite field are clearly referable to the Stephanian (Oftweiler Schichten). There is a strongly marked contrast between the known flora of the lowest coals of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and western Pennsylvania and that of the Pottsville series, or Millstone grit, which lies in most cases close beneath them, there being in fact relatively few species in common. The latter flora agrees in its later phases with the flora of the Millstone grit of Kurope. The Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain and the zone of Vicoigne in the Franco-Belgian Basin, with their intermingling of Millstone grit or Culm species with the earliest of the Coal Measures types, appear, so far as we know at present, to be unrepresented by any interval in the Lower Productive Coal Measures in the bituminous regions mentioned above. It is not improbable, however, that this interval is concentrated in some cases in the deposition of the highly variable upper benches of the Pottsville series in the Northern States, rather than that it is represented by a time break or that there is homotaxis without contemporaneity in the floras. For in the greatly expanded sections of the Lower Coal Measures in the Kanawha region in West Virginia, which is in the same Appalachian trough and was throughout Mesocarboniferous time united with the northern areas by con- tinuous shore lines, the characteristic forms of the lowest coals of the Lower Productive Coal Measures of the States north of the Ohio and Potomae rivers are not met until we arrive at a point several hundred feet above the Pottsville series as hitherto limited. The floras of the Kanawha series, extensive collections from which are now in my hands for examination, will be found to show a lower zone of mingled types, corresponding very closely to the Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain or the lower zone of the Franco-Belgian Basin. 'The flora of the Freeport coals is so nearly unknown that its relations to the floras of any other stage outside of the anthracite series is still quite uncertain. se anes arty 309° PA Bale Strip coal pit at Hobbs’s bank, 8 miles south of Clinton, Missouri, showing basin-shaped bedding of coal and overlying plant-bearing shales. (From a photograph by Dr. W. P. Jenney.) 312 IYNOSSIW 'ALNNOSD AYNAH ‘NYG S\SESOH LY ONIddIY¥Lls 1VOS 11d AXXX HdVYSONOW AJZAYNS 1V9IN01I039 “Ss ‘Nn estoy bP ins i . Were Se: See Se REAL ET tana he hs tt if aie *y Yat nga ny, Bao aa DAFT ts, Fig. 1. IPTG AOE I CIE CONOSTICHUS BROADHEADI Lx. (Pages 12 and 13.) Basal (?) view of the type of the species, Coal Flora, Plate B, figures 1 and 2. The trira- diate character is not very distinctly shown in the photograph. No. 250, Lacoe collection, U..S. Nat. Mus. . Lateral view of the same type. The side exposed is not that illustrated in the original figure. . Lateral view of No. 251, Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. Identified by Professor Lesquereux . Basal (?) view of the same example, showing profile of top and small concave point of sup posed separation from its anchorage. . Apical (?) view of the same specimen, showing concave surface. CONOSTICHUS PROLIFER Lx. (Page 13.) 5. Side view of characteristic discoid extensions, concave above, convex below. U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 6035. ! 314 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOSRAPH XXXVI PL. I CONOSTICHUS, A SUPPOSED FOSSIL ALGA Par ACB alee HYSTERITES CORDAITIS Grand ’Eury with CORDAITES COMMUNIS Lx. (Pages 14 and 260.) Fic. 1. Portion of a rock slab bearing fragments of several leaves of Cordaites communis Lx., between the nerves of which are seen the small oblong pits, with raised borders, produced by the fungus, Hysterites Cordaitis Gr. “Ey. la. Photographic enlargement of portion of Cordaites leaf, showing pits produced by the fungus. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5418. x2. 316 ut PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVII Se e CIpns kore RPE NF en Sey: agent ya ae. 23 7) WwW = < ey a fe} Oo rs (e} n WW => << Ww al HYSTERITES ON FUNGI: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY et arak See ety ee ie PR a ¥ ea Ay Pat chai els Pa AG eee lenViee EREMOPTERIS BILOBATA D. W. (Page 19.) The large flexuose axis of the fern frond, with faintly ribbed central zone and broad border zones, traverses vertically the center of the slab. Two pinne are given off on the left and three on the right of the axis or rhachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5699. 318 U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. IV FERNS: EREMOPTERIS. Pee ee? eee, cee rr { , 4 fe ‘ ~ \ i ) ‘ , Ry : x «! a 5 is Nabee ; t % s . ” : r 1K 7% Fic. 1. . Segment showing small pinnie and pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5681. . Pinna of the same specimen enlarged x2. . . Fragment of segment with very large pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5659. 3a. Enlarged pinnule of the same to show characteristic surface and dentition. pA Ve EREMOPYERIS MISSOURIENSIS Lx. (Page 16.) Fragment with distant slender pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5670. EREMOPTERIS BILOBATA D. W. (Page 19.) . Small pinna and pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5700. . Fragment of compound pinna, U.S. Nat. Mns., 6036. . Enlarged pinnie of the same, showing epidermal striato-rugosity. x2. . Fragment with large pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5701. . Enlarged detail of two pinnules from the same specimen. x2. 320 v PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS; EREMOPTERIS. Nahi ce AUR el. EREMOPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS me nee (Page 16.) Fic. 1. Sections of parallel pinnw, showing the form and ‘proportion pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5657. uf la. Enlarged detail of pinnules from same slab. x2. B22 cs Relat f U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XxXVII PL. VI FERNS: EREMOPTERIS. 323 aan Fig, 1. 2. Segment showing the polymorphous character of the inferior pinnie and pinuules in the lower Fic. 4. da. oOo. Fia. 6. IGA sed), WOGITS PSEUDOPECOPTERIS OBTUSILOBA (Brongn.) Lx. (Page 24.) Fragment with very small, deeply lobed pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5635. portion of the frond. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5717. . Apical portions of the primary pinnw, showing flexuous rachis and rather lax pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5718. PSEUDOPECOPTERIS sp. nov.? (Page 29.) Fragment showing compactly placed, thick, leathery pinnules, or pinne, terminating in spinous prolongation of the rachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5667. Enlarged detail. x2. Apical portion of a compound pinna showing long, naked extension of the rachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5618. ; MARIOPTERIS sp. (Page 34.) Fragment showing short triangular pinne with broad pinnules or lobes, the lamina convex between the nerves. U.S. Nat. Mus , 5666. . Enlarged detail of pinnule. x2. 324 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. VII FERNS: PSEUDOPECOPTERIS AND MARIOPTERIS. EG AWd OV TOLL ‘ H re * x 5 j bia atk \ ‘ ne ’ 5 r ‘ 825 a ay Oo i EpGeAVA Deletes PSEUDOPECOPYTERIS OBYTUSILOBA (Brongn.) Lx. (Page 24.) Contiguous apical portions of two bi- or quadripartite pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5627. 326 : f Sy iy Vi 4% 5) fadieet ca ea 24 U, 8, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. VIII FERIS. U, 6, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH lowH * ‘ . 327 - a AWA Diep Nee MARIOPTERIS SPHENOPLEROIDES (Lx.) Zeill. (Page 31.) Fic. 1. Portions of two sections of a primary pinna. The lower specimen illustrates the heteromorphy of the inferior pinnw and pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5709. Ja. Enlarged detail of pinna showing heteromorphy and dentition. The teeth are generally longer than is shown in tbe figure, and the lamina of the pinnule is strongly convex between the nerves. 2. . Fragment from near the apex of one of the quadri-sections of the primary pinna, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5710. iNs} MARIOPTERIS (Sp. Nov.). (Page 33.) Fic. 8. Fragment very closely related to I. inflata, an unpublished MSS. species of Dr. Newberry, from Ohio. Jacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 4438. 3a. Enlarged detail of pinna from the same specimen. X2. PSEUDOPECOPIERIS SQUAMOSA Lx. sp. with EXCIPULITES CALLIPTERIDIS (Schimp.) Kidst. (Pages 15 and 27.) Fic. 4. Fragments of the Pseudopecopteris squamosa, the pinnules of which are dotted by the fungus, Breipulites Callipteridis. No. 325 of the collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. 4a, Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same fern showing the fungus between the nerves. 2. 328 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. IX FERNS: MARIOPTERIS AND PSEUDOPECOPTERIS. JEG) eV AID, OG, MARIOPTERIS SPHENOPTEROIDES (Lx.) Zeill. (Page 31.) Fig. 1. Portions of quadrisections of primary pinnxw, showing characteristic apices. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5708. la. Enlarged detail of pinna of same specimen. x2. 2. Terminal portions of primary pinne. The convex lamina between the nerves is partially abraded so as to reveal the more deeply impressed nervation in the photograph. U.S., Nat. Mus., 5707. 330 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. X U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: MARIOPTERIS., ro Prec ad Rep ea Ry dug eye piel, ER) i ia : / : : 2 ‘ a5 ; tie a ; % , bests ; i ‘ PUNE Sig) ‘ ¢ A 5 < ba ; . if 4h ‘ so r Chel 4 P. { Pus a Y _ a, 331 Fie. 1. la. bo 2a. IPI ANP, OX IE, SPHENOPTERIS WARDIANA D. W. (Page 39.) Small compact pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5617. Enlarged detail of portion of the same. x2. . Segment from one side of middle portion of a secondary (?) pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5615. Enlarged detail from the same showing three ultimate pinnie with form of pinnnles and nerva- tion. x2. SPHENOPTERIS MIXTA Schimp. (Page 35.) . Upper part of a primary pinna, showing compact pinnules near the top, and pinnatifid pinnules, developing as tertiary pinn:e, in the lower portion. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5712. 332 PL. Xi MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: SPHENOPTERIS. PAM Er peNeil Te SPHENOPTERIS MIXTA Schimp. (Page 35.) Frc. 1. Fragment of secondary pinna showing form with compact pinnules and slender rachis. The apex of one of the tertiary pinne of this species is seen on the far right, a small fragment of Callipteridium Sullivantii (Lx.) Weiss lying between. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5714. la. Detail of pinnule of the same specimen, showing characteristic slightly crenulate margin. wD) 2. Portion of a primary (?) pinna of the species. The specimen, though somewhat dim, is interesting as showing the delicacy of the slender graceful pinnw and the smaller ordi nary piunules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5687. s SPHENOPTERIS LACOEI D. W- (Page 38.) Fic. 3. Pinnw showing small ultimate pinne or lobes. Original described in Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 98, p. 56. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5802. 3a. Enlarged detail showing broadly rounded pinnules or lobes. 2. 334 PL, MONOGRAPH XXXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NS: SPHENOPTERIS. FER F ee yit $55 sd z ‘ oe * : PP Aww sell, hoe | Bens aaph ak : ¢ : f \ Seta eh ; : Bre. 1: la. FG. 3. 3d. Fie. 4. da. . Fragment of lateral pinnie with pinnules or lobes connate to an unusual devree: U.S. Nat. Or eA AD Bi IE, SPHENOPTERIS BROADHEADI D. W. (Page 41.) Fragment from near the apex of a fertile pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5620. Enlarged detail of portion of the same to show the fruit dots (sori) on the ends of the lobes ; the sori, which are not well represented, appear to be referable to Hymenotheca. 2. . Larger segment lower in the frond of the same species; also fertile. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5619. . One of the lateral pinnie enlarged to show the lobation and the position of the frnit. 2. SPHENOPTERIS VAN INGEN! D. W. ‘(Page 47.) Penultimate and ultimate pinne. The very delicate, membranaceous quality of the lamina is imperfectly indicated. Fragments of Aloiopteris Winslovii D. W. are seen at the top. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5616. Enlarged detail from the former. 2. SPHENOPTERIS MIXVA Schimp. (Page 35.) Portions of several graceful, curving, secondary (?) pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5713. Enlarged detail from same showing slightly crenulate lobes or pinnules. 2. Mus., 5692. . Enlarged detail from the same specimens. X2. 20R 536 PL. Xill MONOGRAPH XXXVII GEOLOGICAL SURVEY S. U. S a ee 2 SPHENOPTERIS, FERNS; 337 Lea bad OC IUNE. SPHENOPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 43.) Fic. 1. Segment showing lateral pinne in lower part of a primary (?) pinna. The broad rachis indicates a large pinna of considerable length. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5663. la. Enlarged detail of ultimate pinna of the same, to illustrate obtuse and imperfect lobation. x2. 2. Apical portions of lateral pinne of the same species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5664. 2a. Enlarged detail of pinnules from the same. X2. 338 XIV PL AONOGRAPH XXXVII =Y GEOLOGICAL SURV 8. U. FERNS: SPHENOPTERIS LAI, Sey Fig. 2. EA eee SPHENOPTERIS Brintsit Lx. (Page 53.) . Fragment showing the long, slender, secondary (?) pinne, in which the teeth of the pinnules are less buried in the matrix than usual. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5626. . Enlarged pinnule from upper part of the same segment, showing punctations caused by minute glands or the bases of hairs. x2. . Similar detail from the lower pinna in the same specimen. X2. SPHENOPTERIS CANNELTONENSIS D. W. (Page 55.) Fragment showing the form of the pinnules and lobes, drawn natural size. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5567. SPHENOPTERIS CAPITATA D. W. (Page 57.) . Section showing the rather lax aspect of the pinne and pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5662. . Enlarged detail of ultimate pinna showing very obtuse erect lobation of broad pinnules marked by appressed short hairs, which are really much more numerous than the drawing indicates. X2. 340 NOGRAPH XXX Mor SURVEY U. S. GEOLOGICAL FERNS: SPHENOPTERIS, PLAIN SOV ee sit Pal ASE SexOVOle CORDAITES COMMUNIS Lx. with SPHENOPTERIS BRITTSII Lx. (Pages 53 and 260.) The large leaf of the Cordaites,on the left,is slightly above the average in size; the base is wanting. A basal fragment is shown in Pl. XLVI, while another small medial portion is seen in Pl. XXVII. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5702. The specimen of Sphenopteris Brittsii,on the right, represents the ordinary aspect of the frag- ments of that fern, though the photograph is obscure. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5706. 342 S GYMNOSPERM: CORDAITES. cx WwW = a ° z Ww x a yn Zz a Ww i PL. xWt PH XXXVI MONOGRA\ 8 uv BAUM, GieT ee ae ; H ; ‘ol A a r _ iy : Gy ‘ . i we j 5 ' . Y ‘ k RS ‘ , ' ; Mie See f j : : Coie ; aa ‘ Mabel eyo viet 4 es 5 : ; ; i , Ee $ 9 be TD LORNA Reeas we ¥ 5 : ‘ ie paca ae 343 Pepi & : j i e . bf ve @ od hal te \, s ‘ ‘ ‘ - AY 4 a Paes xaValale SPHENOPTERIS BRITTSII Lx. (Page 53.) The photograph shows the ordinary aspect of portions of the fronds of this species, in which the margins are usually curved backward, burying the teeth more or less completely in the matrix. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5668. 344 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XVII FERNS: SPHENOPTERIS. tes RNa evan en (! 345 = a S Gal Be ‘=. z 4 ‘a Fie. 1. 4a. Jed NANI D6 WO LIE: SPHENOPTERIS BRITTSII Lx. (Page 53.) Fragment with spread pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5705. Upper portion of young pinna on which the pinnules are the smallest found. This form is perhaps identical with that listed from the same beds by Professor Lesquereux as Sphen- opteris Gravenhorstii Brongn. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6669. . Enlarged detail of small pinna of same. X2. SPHENOPTERIS PINNATIFIDA Lx. sp. (Page 45.) . A fragment with large pinnules of this species occupies the central and lowe portions of the rock, Small fragments of Callipteridium membranaceum Lx. occur on the left center, while pinn of Pecopteris vestita Lx. lie near the lateral borders. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5807. . Apical portion of pinna of Sphenopteris pinnatifida with smaller pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5803. Enlarged detail from the same, showing lobation of the pinnules. X2. . 346 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XVIII FERNS; SPHENOPTERIS, 2 * | J, OR 347 PD ANTS OC ILI, SPHENOPTERIS PINNATIFIDA Lx. sp (Page 45.) Fic. 1. Photograph of the original specimen, a portion of which was illustrated in fig. 9, pl. lv, of the Coal Flora as Sphenopteris tridactylites. The greater portion of the rock, to the left, is covered by a fertile segment; a sterile fragment is on the right. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 4304. j la. Enlarged detail from the sterile pinne on the right in the same specimen. X4. 1b. Similar enlargement of* reduced fertile pinnule to show sporangia. X4. SPHENOPTERIS cf. GRAVENHORSTII Brongn. (Page 50.) Fic. 2. Fragment of doubtful specific identity. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5720. 2a. Enlarged detail of pinna to show margins and nervation of pinnules. X2. SPHENOPTERIS BritrTstr Lx. (Page 53.) Fic. 3. Pinne showing rather strong, rugose, ventrally depressed rachises. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5703. SPHENOPTERIS ILLINOISENSIS D. W. (Page 58.) Fic. 4. Terminal portion of pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5697. 4a. Enlarged detail of pinnule of the same showing simple, very oblique lobation. 2. 348 xIx PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SPHENOPTERIS. FERNS: TP IL ANP, OR OK. OLIGOCARPIA MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 66.) . Portion of primary pinna showing slender flexuose rachis and graceful lateral pinne. The pinne in the upper portion are fertile, the sori being expressed as small rounded eleva- tions on the ventral surface of the pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5694. . Enlarged detail showing sterile pinnules on same slab, X2. . Small sterile pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5619. SPHENOPTERIS (CROSSOTHECA) OPHIOGLOSSOIDES Lx. sp. (Page 60.) 3. Portions of secondary sterile pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5698. . Enlarged detail to show outline and nervation of pinnules. X2. 3b. Pinnule of No. 5698 still further enlarged to show the nervation. The convex margin and slightly depressed nervation are imperfectly indicated in Fig. 3. x6. . Portion of the same frond as that seen in the left of Fig. 3. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5698. SPHENOPTERIS SUBCRENULATA Lx. sp. (Page 64.) 5. Pinnze showing pinnules of ordinary type. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. 350 U. 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS; OLI xx PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVII HENOPTERIS. z z z I z z g g g e Es U. 6 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 351 Fig. 1. PA PASE Nelle: OLIGOCARPIA MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 66.) Fragment with slender fertile lateral pinnze supposed to be referable to this species. The sori are impressed in the lamina and show on the upper surface of the pinnules as minute, dome-shaped elevations. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 4467. . Enlarged cetail of pinnule of the same. X2. . Terminal portion of pinna of same character as that shown in Fig. 1. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 4468. . Enlarged small pinna from the same specimen. 2. . Fragment of secondary pinna of O. missouriensis, representing the form shown in Pl. XX, Figs.1,2. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5695. . Another specimen similar to that in Fig. 3, but smaller, the sori showing as dark spots on the pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5696. 352 XX PL MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS; OLIGOCARPIA. 2 AE XGXGIULE MON XXXVIT——23 . 353 Leb AAR Ita OC O.CIIE ALOIOPTERIS WINSLOVII D. W. (Page 72.) Fic. 1. Portions of three of the very long secondary pinnze bearing ultimate pinne of the normal form and size. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5609. . Sterile pinne of same species on right. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5610. . Fragments showing very largé pinnules of the same species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5613. 354 to Fragments of several fertile pinne on the left. (Jy) U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. XXII FERNS: ALOIOPTERIS. 355 Fic. 6. . Enlarged detail from same, showing character of margin, and nerves forking below the mid- Leib APIDOS ROLE. ALOIOPTERIS WINSLOVII D. W. (Page 72.) . Small ultimate pinnx, in which the pinnules are but partially separated, the nerves forking once at a wide angle, more than halfway from the rachis to the margin. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5721. . Enlarged detail of the same, showing dentition and nervation. X2. Macerated pinnex, revealing skeletonized nervation of the same species. It will be noted that the nerves fork only above the middle. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5611. . Enlarged detail, showing pinnules and nervation of another specimen of the same species U.S. Nat. Mus., 5612..° 2. . Fragments of fertile pinnze of A. Winslovii. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5690. . Portions of fertile secondary (?) pinnz of the same species. The reduced fertile pinnules are obscure, the margin obliterated by the projecting elongated sporangia. A fragment of sterile pinna, with large pinnatifid pinnules is seen in the upper part. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5689. ALOIOPTERIS EROSA Gutb. sp.? (Page 70.) Ordinary pinn, below the average in size. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5614. dle at a not very wide angle. x2. 356 U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXIII FERNS, ALOIOPTERIS. PGS, Oc 357 PEAT EH XGXoDY: PECOPYERIS DENTATA Brongn. (Page 75.) Fic. 1. Pinne with pinnules of ordinary form and size. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5643. la. Photographic enlargement of portion of the same. 2. 1b. Similar enlargement of same, showing lamina convex between the nerves. The photograph is inverted in the plate. 2. 2. Fertile pinnx of the species, seen from the upper surface. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5739. ALOIOPTERIS EROSA Gutb. sp.? (Page 70.) Fic. 3A. Portion of secondary pinna with large pinnules. The specimen was identified as Pecopteris erosa Gutb. by Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 2386. 3Aa. Enlarged detail from the same fragment, showing dentition and nerves forking below tbe middle. x2. i ANNULARIA STELLATA (Schloth.) Wood. (Page 159.) Fic. 3B. Verticils with rather short leaves, on the left of Fig.3. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 2386. SPHENOPHYLLUM LESCURIANUM D. W. (Page 182.) Fic. 3C. Obscure specimen; shows frequent branching. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 2386. 358 MONOGRAPH XXXVIL_ PL. XXIV U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: PECOPTERIS AND ALOIOPTERIS. EQUISETALES: ANNULARIA. SPHENOPHYLLALES;: SPHENOPHYLLUM. EAU OO Pe. Dye Id) ODEN PECOPTERIS DENTATA Brongn. (Page 75.) Parallel secondary(?) pinnx, the upper portionsof which are sterile. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5655. 360 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXV FERN: PECOPTERIS. = = Pe A ea = yy | ab 361 Pl, ACE exe xXeavee PECOPTERIS VESTITA Lx. (Page 91.) Fic. 1, Pinna showing strong punctate rachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5808. la. Detail of portion of same enlarged to show villosity and nervation. 2. PECOPTERIS DENTATA Brongn. (Page 75.) Fic. 2. Small pinnz in which the lobes and young pinnules are unusually connate and obtuse. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5641. . Characteristic aspect of large pinne with young pinne and pinnatifid pinnules of this spe- cies. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5642. a 3a. Enlarged detail of apex of one of the lateral pinnz of the same specimen. The aspect of the lamina and border are not well shown. 2. 4. Enlarged detail of small pinna of U.S. Nat. Mus., 5621, shown in Pl. XXVII. x2. 362 oo MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS; PECOPTERIS, #7 ELA .OomiE Je IEW AD Bi DOONIE AT PECOPYTERIS DENTATA Brongn. (Page 75.) Upper portion of a primary pinna, showing very large pinnules in the uppermost secondary pinne, and ordinary and typical pinnules in tertiary pinne a little above the middle of the specimen. The lower portion of the segment is fertile, the margins of the pinnules being rolled backward a little and buried in the matrix. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5621. An enlarged detail of sterile pinnules of this specimen is given in Pl. XXVI, Fig. 4. 364 | PL. XXVII > x x =x cs = ° (a) = SURVEY GICAL = s Pe 4 ea — a 4 ee 365 | Pal AW SOxGV slr: PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA D. W. (Page 85.) Fig. 1. Typical lateral, secondary (?) pinnz, with characteristic slightly obtuse ultimate pinne of this species. This specimen, formerly a part of Professor Lesquereux’s private collection, was named by him as Pecopteris Clintoni Lx. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3174. 1a. Enlarged detail of pinnule of the same. x4. 2. Fragment with pinne similar to those in Fig. 1. This also was determined by Professor Lesquereux as P. Clintoni. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3179. 3. Enlarged detail of pinne of No. 5648, partly shown in Pl. XXIX, x2. 366 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. XXVIIf FERNS; PECOPTERIS, 367 Je OAC AR I, CCID PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA D, W. (Page 85.) Portion of a slab 36 cm, in height covered by parallel sections from the interior of large pinne. The large size of the rachises of the two segments shown in this plate indicate a great length, perhaps more than 5 meters for the large pinne, which evidently belonged to the same individual tree fern. It is not, however, certain whether these large fragments of rachis proceeded directly from the trunk or axis of the fern or whether, as their close parallelism suggests, they belong only to lateral pinne of giant fronds of the fern. A detailed enlargement of one of the ultimate pinne of this specimen is shown in Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 3. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5648. In the lower right-hand corner of the plate are seen several rather dim fragments of Pecupteris clintoni Lx. 368 ~ c - edeteenfitpennstoni eee et ERS a tne Glee e XXIX 2 5 z z z z g 2 g Z 5 a oe <.. Pe U, 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 369 PGA Hii eXcXee PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA D. W. (Page 85.) Fic. 1. Segment showing pinnatifid pinnules and young pinne of this species. Small Aphlebie are present at the bases of the second lateral pinna from below on the left, and of the fourth on the right, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5725. la. Enlarged detail of pinnatifid pinnules in upper portion of same. x2. 1b. Detail of young pinna from left middle of Fig. 1. 2. lc, Enlarged detail of young pinna in lower right of the slab. The nervation is too close and too much divided in the upper lobes. x2. 370 U. S$. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PL > x x a < fe oO S Q = FERNS: PECOPTERIS. Fie. 1. ESE AVIA a PRONG Nelle PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA D. W. (Page 85.) Portion of lateral pinna similar to those in Pl. XXIX. This specimen is one of the originals illustrated in pl. xxxi, fig. 2, of the Coal Flora as Alethopteris ambigua Lx. Lacoe collec- tion, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3093. . Pinnule from same specimen enlarged. x2. . Pinne of the same species, in which the sori are in the proceéss of develonment on the under surface of the pinnules and the lamina is slightly reduced. This example also was labeled as Alethopteris ambigua by Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3097. . Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same. x2. . Fertile pinnx supposed to be referable to the same species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5809. . Photographic enlargement of a portion of the same species. The oblong sporangia of Astero- theca are dimly indicated. x2. 372 ’ XXX PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVI SURVEY U. S. GEOLOGICAL FERNS: PECOPTERIS. 373 clr o PLATE 3 IPD EAN, COCO IIE. PECOPTERIS PSEUDOVESTITA D. W. (Page 85.) Fic. 1. Portion of secondary (?) pinna, showing robust young pinne of this species. U.S. Nat. Mus.. 5644. 2. Fragment showing form of lateral pinne, and portion ot large rachis similar to those in PI. XXIX. U.S. Nat. Mux., 5645. 374 PL, XXXII MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: PECOPTERIS. | ee | PAPE RKTT 4 leg) te Fic. 5a. . Pinna of same species, showing tapering form. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5688. TE IG) AO COCO TINIE PECOPTERIS VESTITA Lx. (Page 91.) . Pinna of ordinary form, tapering gradually toward the apex. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5685. . Pinnules of same enlarged. The villosity of the surface is not shown in this or Figs. 2a and 5a. x2. . Common form of pinnatifid pinna of this species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5647. . Enlarged detail from the same to show nervation. The villosity of the pinnules is not represented. 2. . Young pinne. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5683. . Apical portion of secondary (%) pinna. Characteristic slender tapering apex. U. S. Nat Mus., 5646. . Pinnules of the same enlarged to show the villosity. X2. . Portion of secondary (?) pinna, showing lateral pinnz with pinnules a little larger than those figured in pl. xxxi of the Coal Flora. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5684. Detail of pinnules of 5684. The marginal crenulation is exaggerated. X2. PECOPTERIS cf. ARBORESCENS Brongn.? (Page 78.) Fic. 7. Specimen with mostly simple nerves, doubtfully referred to the above species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5686. 376 PL. XXXII MONOGRAPH XXXVII SURVEY U. S. GEOLOGICAL FERNS: PECOPTERIS. NIXXX “Id 1IAXXX Hd¥H9ONOW AZABNS 1¥9;/901039 ‘Ss * eo PUAThORNiy a JP IGNACIO PECOPTERIS CLINTONI Lx. (Page 94.) Fic. 1. Pinne of lax habit, showing irregularity in their large pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5606. la. Details of pinnules in upper left of the largesegment. x2. 1b. Detail of pinnule in middle right of same specimen. X2. ~ 378 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXXIV FERNS: PECOPTERIS. oo Jeabua\ AMa DOX ORNS, PL) AWAD 1B; SCOR OOW. SPHENOPTERIS SUSPECTA D, W. (Page 51.) Fia. 1. Fragment with large, rather lax, pinnules, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5650. 2. Portions of secondary (?) pinne with more compact pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5652. 2a. Enlarged detail of pinnules in the lower part of the same specimen. 2. 2b. Similar detail of pinnule higher in position. 2. 3. Enlarged detail of small pinnules of another specimen, No. 5649, U.S. Nat. Mus., doubtfully referred to the same species. X2. PECOPTERIS CLINTONI Lx. ° (Page 94.) Fic. 4. Part of secondary (?) pinna showing lax habit of pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5605. 4a. Pinnule of the same enlarged, showing distant, thin nerves. x2. > ? t=) 2 PECOPTERIS HEMITELIOIDES Brongn.? (Page 79.) Fig. 5. Fertile pinnex provisionally referred to this species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5594. 5a. Mnlarged detail of portion of one pinnule to show the two rows of sori of the type of Asterotheca, each consisting of four or five slender acute sporangia, inclined, in the com- pressed specimen, toward the midrib of the pinnule. x4. SPHENOPYERIS sp. (Page 66.) Tr1G. 6. Fragment showing lax pinnules, slightly stalked, with undulate margins. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5654. ; 6a. Enlarged detail of two pinnules in lower part of the same specimen. X2. 380 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXXV FERNS; PECOPTERIS AND SPHENOPTERIS. rh ae De Buse ooex V1 | Fic. 3. Lee i EB OC OG WE IE PECOPTERIS JENNEYI D. W. (Page 80.) Portions of two lateral pinne from a part of which the organic residue has been removed. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5598. . Single pinnule of the same (slightly enlarged). . Photographic enlargement of pinna of same specimen, showing very coarse nervation. X2. . Another example of the same species, in which the pinnules are proportionally longer. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5599. PECOPTERIS cf. ARBORESCENS Brongn. ? ‘ (Page 78.) Pinne on the lower portion of which the sporangia are in the process of development. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5596. 382 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: PECOPTERIS. 4 JEDI OOO OEE. | | 3 Fie. bo Fic. 3. Ba da PIG NMR OO WTI. ALETHOPTERIS SERLI (Brongn.) Goepp. var. MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 117.) 1. Young pinna with small pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3594. . Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same. 2. . Pinna with fully developed pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3594a. ALETHOPTERIS AMBIGUA Lx. (Page 113.) Young pinne of this species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5634. . Detail showing young pinnules. X2. . Pinne and pinnules showing the normal form and size. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3590. A pinnule of the angustifolia form of the Newropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm. is seen on the left. . Enlarged detail of pinnule of Alethopteris ambigua. X2. 384 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XXXVII RA FERNS: ALETHOPTERIS AND NEUROPTERIS — = = A 4 lea a = = ae 385 Us) i] MON XXXVII Fie. 1. 6a. PoE AST XONCXOW ale ale CALLIPTERIDIUM MEMBRANACEUM Lx. (Page 120.) Fragment from which the carbonaceous matter is largely removed. Its reference to this species is tentative. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5810. . Enlarged detail of pinnule of same. 2. 2. Slender pinna showing slightly variable piunules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5625. . Fragment with large pinnules separate to the rachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5691. . Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same. 2. . One of the ‘types of the species. Original of fig. 5, pl. xxvii, p. 177, of the Coal Flora. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus,, 3182. . Pinnule from the upper portion of the same enlarged to show the nervation. The marginil entter, slightly exaggerated in the drawing, is also present in the other specimens. x2. . Apical segment determined as this species by Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 3187. }. Apical fragment with young pinnie doubtfully referable 10 this species. It appears to represent a peculiar form with very broad rachises and thin midribs. The example photographed is the only one yet found. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. Enlarged pinnules from the same. 2. 386 PL. XXXVII MONOGRAPH XXXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: CALLIPTERIDIUM. a ee Te ASAIN XXX Xe CALLIPTERIDIUM SULLIVANTIL (Lx.) Weiss. (Page 123.) . Portion of secondary (?) pinna with robust lateral pinne, the lower pinnules of which are constricted in Neuropteroid form at the base. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5660. . Detail showing one of the basally constricted lower pinnules. x2. . Ordinary aspect of a pinna of the species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3589. . Enlarged detail of an average pinnule, from the same. 2. . Apex of secondary (?) pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5674. CALLIPTERIDIUM INASQUALE Lx. (Page 123.) . Fragment of pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5605. 388 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL, XXXIX FERNS: CALLIPTERIDIUM. Pn ASE Seb ‘ — 389 ‘ : / + : ; re A a ae > 4 7 IPI ANA IS, SIG. TANIOPTERIS? MISSOURTENSIS D. W. (Page 140.) Fig.1, Fragment in which the pinnules are attached by the entire width of the base. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5557. Upper portion of pinna with connate Aiethopteroid pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5556. . Alethopteroid phase from still higher in the pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5560. . Apex of the pinna, Alethopteroid, with strongly decurrent pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5558. Fragment low in pinna, showing basally constrictel pinnules attached to central zone of a broadly bordered rachis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5557a. 6. Fragments of pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5556a. 7. Portion of a very large pinnule. Specimen in the collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. bo Ol oo 390 U. S., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAA A f i Yh HLANAN' wv N NN ANN mM? “TLE a a AMANO” i | LA AG CONTIN cn 1 a a its | tcl ate a < ecccnn “hc aie es +. iy am eel, ub Malia i AANA HN - sill in ee re 7 = nv AANA cern aR i, ny ii Ms ony penne ae a i a aa it ods LT, “i ter sill] i mM il zm an Tn dt Tne om i a vi iy linn Se me oe mi rs ae I tame my, ANAS con DD erat poe nn am a ses a As TN {ul s FERNS: TANIOPTERIS?. Fic. FIG. Fia. FiG. Fie. ES UWAW TIA Oxaeale CALLIPTERIDIUM SULLIVANTII (Lx.) Weiss. (Page 123.) . Young pinnze developing in Odontopteroid form, constricted at base. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5479. . Apex of compound pinna, showing Neuropteroid constriction of large pinnules, before passing into the pinnatifid stage. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5481. 3. Incomplete fragment, becoming sublobate. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5482. NEUROPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS Lx. (Page 130.) ¢ 4. Pinnwe showing characteristic forms of lateral and terminal pinnules, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5631. 6 1 . Example with smaller pinnules of the same species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5472. NEUROPTERIS DILATATA (L. and H.) Lx. (Page 137.) . Portion of No. 5672 (shown in Pl. XLII, Fig. 1), showing the nervation; natural size. Enlarged detail of small area to show vaseular strands in the lamina between the larger nerve bundles. The number and distribution of the strands is greater than is represented. They are somewhat irregular. 2. LINOPTERIS GILKERSONENSIS D. W. (Page 139.) 7. Slightly undersized pinnule, showing nervation. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5485. . Large pinnule showing linear form and peculiar meshing of the nerves. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5485. ALETHOPTERIS AMBIGUA Lx. (Page 113.) . Fragment showing young pinna, with irregular pinnules. The specimen was identified by c=) > y t=) Pp ? t—) a Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3590. DICRANOPHYLLUM? sp. (Page 272.) 0. Fragment from the macerated specimen photographed in Pl. LXXIII, Fig. 1. It should per- haps be regarded as an Alga. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6076. 392 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. XLI —S FERNS; CALLIPTERIDIUM, NEUROPTERIS, ALETHOPTERIS, AND LINOPTERIS. . ‘ ; ’ 4 1 . . ioe ‘ t 393, 5 } ay Bs : A; * HAs S . 2 5 - ; > [ ad ? : te> *y \ ~ ; ‘ ; ’ © “ > PE AGs Ds Hie sealers NEUROPTERIS DILATATA (L. and H.) Lx. (Page 137.) Fic. 1. Portion of relatively small pinnule. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5672. la. Detail of portion of surface showing vascular bundles. Another detail of an area nearer the base is shown as Pl. XLI, Fig.6a. x2. ODONTOPTERIS? BRADLEYI Lx. (Page 125.) Fic. 2. Apical portion of pinna, on right of which are seen pinnules representing O. Bradleyi, while 2a. Fig. 3. on the left the lamina is for some distance entire as in O. Wortheni Lx. The specimen is perhaps only a heteromorphous pinna of the Neuwropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5623. Enlarged detail of portion of the same showing nervation and short fine hairs appressed on the surface of the pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5623. x2. NEUROPTERIS SCHEUCHZERI Hoftm. (Page 132.) Single pinnule, representing a small narrow form of the species, with relatively slender apex, known as N. angustifolia, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5633, . Portion of the same enlarged to show the asymmetrical auriculate aud pedicellate base, the nervation, and the short slender hairs appressed on the surface. 2. ; NEUROPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS Lx. (Page 130.) Fic. 4. Typical small pinnee. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5652. da, Enlarged detail of a pinnule of the same. X2. Fic. Or Da ALEDHOPTERIS SERLII (Brongn.) Goepp. var. MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 118.) . Characteristic aspect of pinna with large pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3591B. . Enlarged detail of pinnule. x2. 394 MONOGRAPH XXXVIL PL. XLII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS; NEUROPTERIS, ODONTOPTERIS, AND ALETHOPTERIS. < ah bs i - Bee 2 fe f eh visit ie wees rane at Tabane SOUT ; B05 Ga: Ns , Lie ‘ A ¥ y R _- NEUROPTERIS ( Tucomplete, large, Cyclopter a pinnule. i ; under the above name in Coal Flora, vol. i,p.78. U. 396 eR i Sek ; aay i i ” 7 PL. XLI MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEUROPTERIS. FERN: 5 a * ; fo Pye LIV et TP, AN ADR SCID IEW SPHENOPYERIS ILLINOISENIS D. W. (Page 158.) FieG. 1. Apex of compound pinna. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5661. la. Detail of pinnule showing simple dentition. x2. NEUROPTERIS DILATATA (L. and H.) Lx. (Page 137.) Fic. 2. Portion of a pinnuwle of more elongated form, The margin is seen on the left only. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5658. PECOPLERIS ARBORESCENS Brongn.? (Page 78.) Fic. 3. Fragment, natural size, Lacoe collection. U.S. Nat. Mus., 4873. 3a. Enlarged detail of pinnules of the same. X4. ALGOID AXIS? Fic. 4. The figure shows the finely punctate surface of the impression on which no clear tiaces of yascular bundles are seen. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5726. 398 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XLIV U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4 : FERNS: NEUROPTERIS, SPHENOPTERIS, AND RECOPTERIS, ALGOID AXIS. H re 7 5 G ' rt ‘ ! Rite A OY. ny “i ‘ sd RA ay xen APHLEBIA Sp. (Page 112.) Fic. 1. Large axis, 2.5 cm. in diameter, clothed by large, oblong, chaffy or foliar scales. On the right is seen an expanded Aphlebia comparable to A. Lactuca. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5727. SPHENOPTERIS sp. Fic. 2. Fragment showing lax habit of decurrent pinne and lobes. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5815. 2a. Enlarged detail showing nervation of the same. x2. NEUROPTERIS MISSOURIENSIS Lx.’ (Page 150.) Fic. 3. Pinna showing very large pinnules of the species. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5630. LEPIDODENDRON SCUTATUM Lx. (Page 198.) Fig. 4. Cortex of compressed branch showing leaf cushions and leaf sears. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6044. Other examples of this species are illustrated in Pl]. LIV, Fig. 5, and Pl. LV, Figs. 1, 2. 400 a U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: SPHENOPTERIS, NEUROPTERIS, AND APHLEBIA. LYCOPODIALES;: LEPIDODENDRON. MON XXXVIL 26 ee ie SOW. RAGS ree oNeie Vai: APHLEBIA GERMARI Zeill. OORDAITES COMMUNIS Lx. (Pages 106 and 260.) The photograph shows the greater portion of a large frond of 4phlebia Germari Zeill. spread out on the slab. The spinous, villose aspect of the surface, especially near the base, is imperfectly indi- eated. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5546. On the right lies 2 small leaf otf Cordaites communis Lx. For further illustration of the latter see Pl. I. 402 FERN: Af GYMNOSI JAITES, el cee aan aaa ae i ate ate _ - VEY 5, GEOLOGICAL SUR U.S. MONOGRAPH xxxvit PL. XLVI Fia. 1. oo bo Fia. 6. Fia. 7. Ta. TEGAN ANN, OC IL WIL IE, BRITTSIA PROBLEMATICA D. W. (Page 98.) View of frond in which the pinne are rolled back on all sides, showing the broad central rachis. Portions of the thalloid expansions are seen on the upper right. The photograph is inverted. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5683. . Opposite side of the same specimen, with inrolled pinne. . Expanded frond, from which the pinnules have been removed, showing the broad lobular expansions of the fleshy or thalloid wing of the rachis. The light spots in the sinuses of the lobes correspond to the attachment of the imbricated pinnules. The margins of the lobes, though thinning, are hardly so uneven as the retouching indicates. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5724. . Enlarged detail of one of the lobes or fleshy expansions of the rachis of a lateral pinna. The vascular bundles are seen to diverge from the axis and pass to the sinus at the upper angle of the lobe, where a distinct carbonaceous residue of the base of the pinnule usually remains. The character of the surface of the lobe, which is destitute of vascular trace, is also shown in the enlargement. 5. ; . Portions of two of the ‘‘pinnules” which are attached at the sinuses of the lobes. ‘The detail enlargement shows the nervation and a very small portion of the margin, including one of the teeth. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5723. 5. PECOPTERIS cf. ARBORESCENS Brongn.? (Page 78.) Fertile pinnz. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5595. APHLEBIA SUBGOLDENBERGII D. W. (Page 110.) Fragment showing lateral divisions or pinn, with thin lobes or pinnules traversed by broad, flat vascular bands. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 9599. Portion of the same enlarged to show the form of the lobes. 2. 404 i: : U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: PECOPTERIS, APHLEBIA, AND BRITTSIA. MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. XLVII “ean, F ir 4 nb ig Big A 405 Fie. 1. la. bo LEME AV AR Oye CID AY, ILIEIE, BRITTSIA PROBLEMATICA D. W. (Page 98.) Frond showing fleshy expansions of the central axis (rachis) and pinne. The thick, appar- ently veinless, thalloid lobes of the latter are seen on the left. In the lower left fragments of the pinnules overlying the fleshy bordered rachises are seen. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5723. Enlarged detail of the lower left of the same specimen, showing portion of main axis and four pinn:ze with their fleshy expansions or thalloid lobes. The vascular system is also indi- cated. Toward the margin portions of several of the pinnules expanding in a plane above the rachis are seen, with their dentate margins. The individuality of the pinnules is not clear in the figure. X2. . Photograph of portion of frond from which the rachial plane has been broken away, leaving the imbricated pinnules in the matrix. (See 2a.) U.S. Nat. Mus., 5811. . Enlarged photograph of the same. The remains of the double (parallel) rows of pinnules of three pinn are seen, especially the two rows of one pinna on the right. 2. . Detail of the same showing the broken remains of the two imbricated rows of pinnules or seales of the pinna on the right of Fig. 2a. The basal portions of the pinnules which narrow to the sinuses between the lobes of the rachis are broken away. The pinnules are not so striated as the drawings la and 2b indicate. x2. Detail showing pinnules in left of Fig. 2. The thick nerves and several of the teeth of the pinnules are seen, while the trend of the nerves toward the sinuses, and the vascular bands of the rachis are indicated. The impressions on the underlying fleshy rachis indicate a considerable length for the basal portions of the pinnules. x2. . Small frond showing axis, pinne which are somewhat radiately disposed, and fleshy lobes of the rachis, the borders of the lobes being overlain in places by fragments of the over- lying compressed pinnules. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5722. 406 PL. XLVill MONOGRAPH XXXvVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS: BRITTSIA Ea PACH e ONG eae CycLocLaprA BrRirrsir D. W. (Page 169.) Fig. 1. Fragment of stem showing large excentric branch cicatrices, and transversely elongated leaf sears. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. ASTEROPHYLLITES LONGIFOLIUS (Stb.) Brongn. (Page 153. ) Fic. 2. Stem with spreading verticils. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5677. 3. Fragment with more nearly erect leaves. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5676. 4. Distinctly carinate leaves. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5673. 4a. Enlarged details showing cortex of stem and lineate, minutely carinate leaves from same specimen. X2. 408 PL. XLIxX MONOGRAPH XXXVI! U. §, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY EQUISETALES: CYCLOCLADIA AND ASTEROPHYLLITES . . : i i 409 Fic. for] re or Fic. 6B. 6b. Pale pA IE ele SPHENOPHYLLUM (ASTEROPHYLLITES?) FASCICULATUM Lx. sp. (Page 183.) . One of the specimens determined by Professor Lesquereux as Asferophyllites fasciculatus Lx. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 8296. . Photographic enlargement of the upper portion of the same, showing bifurcate leaves. 2. . Detail of a portion of the same to show the nervation. x2. . Another specimen labeled as Asterophyllites fasciculatus by Professor Lesquereux. The bifur- cate form of the leaves appears in the upper part, though it does not show well in the photograph. lLacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 8295. . Branches of the same species. Most of the leaves are seen in profile, but several in the front of the verticils in the upper part of the specimen show the forked form. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5639. . Examples of small branchlets. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5637. SPHENOPHYLLUM MAJUS Bronn? (Page 180.) . Two yerticils, showing form of leaves. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5679. . Leaves on the upper part of the rock, showing margin. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 8711. SPHENOPHYLLUM LESCURIANUM JD. W. (Page 182.) Branches, showing verticils of peculiarly bidentate leaves. This exampie was labeled and recorded by Professor Lesquereux as Sphenophyllum oblongifolium Germ. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 8711. Enlarged detail of leaves. 2. The entire rock is photographically enlarged in Pl. LI. 410 PL. L MONOGRAPH XXXVII U, S. GEOLOGICAL’ SURVEY SPHENOPHYLLALES: SPHENOPHYLLUM., ’ : yy 2 . ~ 7 E Alt iy > a > ? uM * > ¥ \ : aie ay Ayaan Lisle SPHENOPHYLLUM MAJUS Bronn? (Page 180.) Fig. a. Enlarged photograph of Fig.6A,Pl.L. x2. SPHENOPHYLLUM LESCURIANUM D. W, (Page 182.) Fic. b. Photographic enlargement of No. 8711, Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., shown natural size in Fig.6, Pl. L. The enlargement shows well the form and dentition of the leaves. x2. 412 U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XxXXVII PL. LI SPHENOPHYLLALES: SPHENOPHYLLUM. (Twice the natural size.) PIC ANY DY JULIE, LEPIDODENDRON Brirrsit Lx. (Page 188.) Fic. 1. Slab covered with branchlets and leafy twigs. The bifurcation of the branches is seen at several points. U.S. Nat Mus., 5640. 2. Enlarged detail from lower right of the same slab, showing lower portions of leaves attached to the bolsters. x4. 3. Portions of the cortex of old trunks, showing the form of the bolsters or leaf cushions; the crescentic leat scars, convex upward, and the corrugation above and below the leaf scar. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6039. 3a. Enlarged detail of bolster of the same. The limits of the leaf scar are hardly so clearly defined in the specimen, nor are the appendages so distinct, though they appear to be faintly visible. x2. 414 AZAYHNS 1¥91901039 ‘Ss “Nn 1 "Id WAXXX Hd¥HSONOW LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDODENDRON. PL. Ul MONOGRAPH XXXVil U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DRON PIDODEN LE LYCOPODIALES . ss & * , 2 i ne nes 415 ee Ibi Al IS) 1G LIL. LEPIDODENDRON Brirrsi Lx. (Page 188.) Fic. 1. Branch with many narrow, tapering leaves. The latter are slightly reflexed. The outlines of the slender, fusiform bolsters are faintly seen, the corrugation being visible. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6040. A la. Enlarged detail, showing form and ornamentation of a bolster of the same. The appendages are delineated too distinctly. 2. LEPIDODENDRON LANCEOLATUM Lx. (Page 192.) Fic. 2. Forking branch, showing diamond-shaped bolsters. The latter are a little distant. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. 2a. Enlarged detail of two bolsters of the same, showing the very slight altitude of the leaf scars, which are distinetly directed upward, and the ligular trace just above the leaf sear. See 416 Lie PC. ff MONOGRAPH XXXV U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY : LEP]DODENDRON, LYCOPODIALES ie : hse 417 MON XXXVII——27 j 7 , ‘ ? . * i aa ote ‘ i ‘ a 2 iy , i f Seon i ¢ ; ae . ‘ LENS WL OW LEPIDODENDRON Brittsit Lx. (Page 188.) Fic. 1. Branchlet showing leaves attached. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6042. la. Enlarged detail of same to show the bolsters and leaf attachments. 2. 2. Fragment from larger branch at the point of bifurcation. The leaf’scars are faintly shown. The specimen was determined by Professor Lesquereux. Lacoe collection, U. S. Nat. Mus., 5488. LEPIDODENDRON RIMOSUM Stb. var. RETOCORTICATUM D. W. (Page 196.) Fig. 3, Fragment of cortical impression in which the outer cortex appears to have been longitudi- nally ruptured in elongated diamond-shaped breaks by the expanding inner cortex, sepa- rating still further the already distant, linear, fusiform bolsters. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6043. 3a. Enlarged detail showing linear, elongated bolsters and the transversely rhomboidal leaf scars. X2. 3b. Single bolster of the same still further enlarged to show the cortical ornamentation and the cicatricules of the leaf scar. x6. 4. Fragmentary impression of cortex of old trunk in sandstone. The specimen, which was labeled as this species by Professor Lesquereux, shows the distant, greatly elongated bolsters and the complex wrinkling of the bark between the bolsters. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5280. 4a, Detail, natural size, from the same, to show the features of the leaf scars. .It is hardly probable that the features of the actual outer surface of the scar are here presented. LEPIDODENDRON scuTATUM Lx. (Page 198.) Fic, 5. Enlarged detail of No. 6044 photographed in Pl. XLV, Fig. 4. It shows the character of the leaf scars and the appendages. x2. 418 MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. LIV U, S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDODENDRON. 7 es a ie a) i ae § * INT Aye Ve Ia AD dy IL) WY LEPIDODENDRON SCUTATUM Lx. (Page 198.) Fic. 1. Slab strewn with dichotomous branches of this species. The form of the bolster is obscurely shown on the right. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6045. 2. Fragment from larger stem. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6046. 2a. Detail of bolsters and leaf scars of same. X2. 420 ‘ U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. LV LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDODENDRON. ¢ ; bo . PLATE LVI. Sit 4 Pali AV a le Wale LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. (Page 205.) Portion of stem from which the epidermis has been removed. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6047. . One of the specimens described and figured by Professor Lesquereux (Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 781, pl. cv, fig. 4) as Lepidophloios dilatatus Lx. lLacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5944. . Photographic enlargement of the same, in different light, to show the aspect of the leaf scars. X2. . Enlarged detail of exposed portion of bolster of No. 5944. x2. . Isolated and partially decorticated bolster showing portion of leaf scat and the pit above it on the bolster. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6050. . Similar isolated bolster showing vertical wrinkles, due perhaps to flattening of the bolster. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6048. . Bolster from which nearly all carbonaceous residue has been removed, showing the approxi- mate profile of leaf scar and distinct ‘‘ligular pit.” U.S. Nat. Mus., 6049. . Detached bolsters grouped on rock. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6051. . Very large bolster, partially decorticated. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6052. . Very large and strongly convex bolster in shale. It shows rounded lateral angles and base. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6053. 422 MONOGRAPH XXXViI PL. LVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES; LEPIDOPHLOIOS eae 493° IPI AV 18. IG WIL A. LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. (Page 205.) Fig. 1. Portion of large slab described and partially figured by Professor Lesquereux in Coal Flora, vol. iii, pl. cy., fig. 2, as Lepidophloios dilatatus Lx. The rhomboidal profiles of the com- pletely flattened bolsters are visible over the corticated portion, while in most cases the leaf scar is seen. The Knorria stage of the trunk is indicated in the lower left. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5947. la. Enlarged detail of bolster of same. X2. 424 Lvl PL. MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES; LEPIDOPHLOIOS. ET | PLA Gc Vn in Je Ibe AN Wh I WII IC LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. 2 (Page 205. ) lic. 1. The large leaf fragments on the left half of the slab are probably referable to this species. Small branchlets of Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx. appear on the right. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6061. LEPIDOPHYLLUM MISSOURIENSE D. W. (Page 216.) Fic. 2. Lower part of bract, dilated at the point of union with the large sporangiophore. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6062. A portion of an isolated bolster of Lepidophloios Van Ingeni lies to the left. 426 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. LVIII LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDOPHLOIOS AND LEPIDOPHYLLUM Ved GyeN IED) IOI, Fie. la. JR Bh Fic. 1c. Fic. 1d. Fic. le. PAM ieee LEPIDOSTROBUS JENNEYI D. W. LEPIDOPHYLLUM JENNEYI. (Page 215.) Upper part of cone, showing bracts along the profile, the interior mass being composed of the long sporangiophores crushed with the spore cases (Sporocystis). U.S. Nat. Mus., 6054, . Detached fully grown bract of the same species, illustrating the relatively long sporangiophore. . Another bract (Lepidophyllum Jenneyi) showing dilation at base of blade. The membraneous expansion of the sporangiophore is wanting. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6056. LEPIDOCYSTIS JENNEYI D. W. (Page 215.) Isolated and partially compressed spore case of Lepidostrobus -Jenneyi. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6055. ASTEROPHYLLITES EQUISETIFORMIS (Schloth.) Brongn. (Page 151.) Branch with unusually slender leaves, to the left of the Lepidostrobus on the slab. SPHENOPHYLLUM EMARGINATUM Brongn. (Page 177.) Fragments, with very small leaves, near the top and in the lower right of slab. PECOPTERIS VESTITA Lx. (Page 91.) Fragment of pinna on the right. 428 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. LIX U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FERNS PECOPTERIS. EQUISETALES ASTEROPHYLLITES. SPHENOPHYLLALES; SPHENOPHYLLUM. LYCOPODIALES. LEPIDOSTROBUS, LEPIDOPHYLLUM, AND LEPIDOCYSTIS 1 IE, AND 1B). 1 XC, LEPIDOSTROBUS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. LEPIDOPHYLLUM MISSOURIENSE. (Pages 216 and 217.) Fic. 1. Slab, on the left of which is a fragment of a large cone of this species, while scattered bracts lie on the right. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. 2. Bract (Lepidophyllum missouriense) of the same species, showing dilation of blade at junction ; with sporangiophore, which is incomplete. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6066. 3. Bract of same species showing acuminate apex and large sporangiophore. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6059. - 430 PL. LX XXVI MONOGRAPH x SURVEY U. S. GEOLOGICAL LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDOSTROBUS AND LEPIDOPHYLLUM. PL. LX MONOGRAPH XXXVIE > a > & =) ® ay = =) rc) 3 = re} in ° o =) [Ply Jb UIE asi Fia. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fia. FiG. Pa Aw Ee exo ls Ferruginous sandstone from Gilkerson’s Ford, Grand River, Missouri. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5065. la. 1b. bo le. le. If. LEPIDOPHYLLUM MISSOURIENSE D. W. (Page 216.) Fragments scattered over slab. The sporangiophore and midrib are well shown in a specimen in the upper middle of the plate. LEPIDOCYSTIS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 218.) Spore cases of Lepidophyllum (Lepidostrobus) missouriense. Most of them are longitudinally ruptured and are spread out, the spores having been discharged. . Isolated empty spore case. LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. (Page 205.) Detached and isolated bolsters. CALLIPTERIDIUM INZQUALE Lx. (Page 123.) Fragments of pinne. CARDIOCARPON BRANNERI Fairch & D. W. (Page 266.) The normal form of the seed with its wing is shown in the example on the right. LINOPTERIS GILKERSONENSIS D. W. (Page 139.) Pinnule of ordinary size and form. It lies just below the specimen to which reference was last made. SIGILLARIA CAMPTOT NIA Wood? (Page 230.) . Sigillarioid leaves, probably preferable to S. camptotenia Wood, which is found associated in the same stratum. 432 FERNS: CALLIPTERIDIUM AND LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDOPHLOIC CORDAITALES: CARDIOCARPON. IS )PHYLLUM, AND LEPIDOCYSTIS. U, §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XxxV pL. LX! um AND es ERO! 40105, Enea FERNS: cia | cater {LUM AND LEPloocysris, nayeiol tO CARDIOCA TALES: CORDA! MON XXXVII——28 PA axel Fie. Iie. Fic. Fia. Fig. Fic. Fig. a. b. d. eNO IDSC IRIT: Ferruginous sandstone from Giikerson’s Ford, Grand River, Missouri. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5065. (The back side of this slab is photographed in Pl. LX1.) LEPIDOPHYLLUM MISSOURIENSE D. W. (Page 217.) Several bracts scattered over slab. The upper one on the right is the most slender example yet seen. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6065. LEPIDOCYSTIS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 217.) Collapsed spore cases. The specimen to the right of the center of the slab, and especially that in the upper extreme left, are typical of the size and form of the ruptured and spread spore cases of Lepidostrobus missouriensis. . Spore cases compressed, but not ruptured. TRILETES OF LEPIDOSTROBUS MISSOURIENSIS. (Page 217.) Macrospores of the above species. On the left are seen the agglomerated spores as contained in two of the spore cases, The masses retain the size and form of the flattened spore cases, though the latter have been removed. . Scattered and isolated macrospores of the same. The triradiate surface sculpture of these is shown in the enlarged details from this specimen given in Pl. LXIII, Figs. 3, 3a. LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. (Page 205.) . Isolated bolsters. CALLIPTERIDIUM INASQUALE Lx, . Fragments of pinne. LEPIDOSTROBUS PRINCEPS Lx. (Page 212.) . Portion of rather small cone showing long sporangiophores at the base and fragments of bracts. The sporangiophores are very oblique in this example. SIGILLARIA CAMPTOT ANIA Wood? (Page 230.) . Fragments of Sigillarioid leaves, presumably referable to the associated species, Sigillaria camptotenia, ‘They nay, however, represent a Lepidodendron. 434 tesa? ity Be lara: = FERNS: CALLIPTERIDIUM. LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDOSTROBUS, LEPIDOPHYLLUM, LE (STIS, TRILETES, LEPIDOPHLOIOS, AND SIGILLARIOID LEAVES | ! | | | | Se ee ee ee a _ i MONOGRAPH Xxxvil_ PL, Lif FERNS: CALLIPTERIDIUM., LYCOPODIALES; LEPIDOSTROBUS, LEPIDOPHYLLUM, LEPIDOCYSTIS, TRILETES, LEPIDOPHLOIOS, AND SIGILLARIOID LEAVES ed AID, Ibe ler Opt JEM oy JG XC IIIB LEPIDOSTROBUS PRINCEPS Lx. (Page 212.) Fic. 1. Fragment of broken cone showing the very broad axis and the crowded sporangiophores on either side. The blades of the bracts are broken away. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6066. 2. Portion of cone showing long bracts. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6071. TRILETES OF LEPIDOSTROBUS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 217.) Fig. 3. Enlarged detail from Fig.d, Pl. LXII. x2. 3a. Enlarged detail of isolated macrospores, Pl. LXII, Fig.e. x4. TANIOPHYLLUM LATIFOLIUM D. W. (Page 247.) Pic. 4. Small axis, showing leaves on the right. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6070. LEPIDOPHLOIOS VAN INGENI D. W. (Page 205. ) Fic. 5. Detached bolsters, slightly deformed. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6075. LEPIDOPHYLLUM JENNEYI D. W. (Page 214.) Tic. 6. Specimen showing acuminate apex. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6070. 436 U ICA E MONOGRAPH XXxVil PL. Lxiil §. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES; LEPIDOPHLOIJOS, LEP|DOSTROBUS, TRILETES, AND TENIOPHYLLUM PAE ieb ILS Pa AM he exGiVve LEPIDOSTROBUS PRINCEPS Lx. (Page 212.) Fic. a. Segment of cone from which a large portion of the blades have been broken away. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6057. LEPIDOCYSTIS MISSOURIENSIS D. W.? (Page 216.) Fic. b. Specimen very small for this species. LINOPTERIS GILKERSONENSIS D. W. (Page 139.) Fic. c. Pinnule, showing straight form of the species. NEUROPTERIS SCHEUCHZERI Hoffm. (Page 132.) a Tic. d. Incomplete pinnule of the angustifolia form. SIGILLARIOID LEAVES. (Page 230.) Fic. e. Very long Sigillarioid or Lepidodendroid leaves, probably referable to Sigillaria camptotenia Wood. 438 MONOGRAPH X DAL SURVEY U. S$. GEOLOGIC wn a Ww = a e) Zz Tl a Zz P< 72) a WwW = a {e) a =) uu Zz a a a ws uw DOCYSTIS, AND SIGILLARIOID LEAVES LEPI STROBUS dO S39 epi COPODIALE ey, FA Dog Je JEN ADI IG OV OMPHALOPHLOIOS CYCLOSTIGMA Lx. sp. (Page 218.) Fragment of impression of compressed trunk showing rhomboidal bolsters within which crushed or folded, rounded, prominences or bosses. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6024, 440 are PL. LXV MONOGRAPH XXXVII > a > =) a 4 = J ro) ° 3 e) w o a Ss LYCOPODIALES; OMPHALOPHLOIOS. =) : 6 t 4 : ~ ; : = y ; ‘ Me 4 4 : (a : PAA, MEOW Tr Fig. 1. Jee JOAN AD, IU WIL OMPHALOPHLOIOS CYCLOSTIGMA Lx. Sp. (Page 218.) Impression of old stem in which the bosses are crushed, with infolded cortex upon the bolster surface. This is one of the originals described by Professor Lesquereux as Lepidodendron cyclostigma. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5502. . Enlarged detail of bolster of the same. x 2. - Cortex from which the epidermis has partly been removed. The bosses, resembling Lepido- dendroid leaf scars, are not so compressed as in the other cases. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6025. . Detail of bolsters from No. 6025. 2. . Impression of young trunk, to which the epidermis has adhered. The form of the bolsters is obscured by the prominent large bosses, in which may be seen thesmall raised oval bosses. Collection of Dr. J. H. Britts, Clinton, Missouri. . Detail of bolsters of the same. x2. . Young stem, or branch, with rounded cortical depressions in the lower portion, The aspect of the partially decorticated stem is also seen. The photograph is inverted on the plate. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6027. . Detail from the same. . Fragment of young branch from which the epidermis has been removed. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6028. 442 U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PL. Lxvl MONOGRAPH XXXVI LYCOPODIALES: OMPHALOPHLOIOS. TIGA) oxo WUE Jade VN al De IED AVE Ie OMPHALOPHLOIOS CYCLOsTIGMA Lx. sp. (Page 218.) Fic. 1. Portion of flattened and apparently forked trunk. The mold of the compressed branch has heen removed from the upper left, leaving the impression of the back side of the branch. The back side of the cast, or branch itself, is shown in Fig. 2. On the right and in the lower part of Fig. 1 the outlines of the bolsters are discerned, while the more or less flat- tened and deformed bosses are seen throughout. In the left center the inner small oval bosses, including the shallow oval pits, are visible. The prominent, transverse, broken surface, tangent or slightly connivent with the lower end of the oval boss, is construed as representative of the leaf cicatrix. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5636. : la. Enlarged details of bolsters on the left of the same specimen, showing the oval boss with central oval depression containing small mammilla. The transverse line of fracture, supposed to represent the leaf scar, is not so well shown. X2. 2. Back side of portion of branch removed from the left of the trunk shown in Fig. 1. The opposite side of this fragment is shown in Pl. LXVIIL, Fig. 1. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6029. 2a. Detail from the same, showing supposed leaf scar. x2. 444 : S By fn we fi foe ett; aks “a me ae de Role Aes om : A a: ee ser toate aba heirs 9 eh U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES | MONOGRAPH XXXVIT PL. LXVII ALOPHLOIOS. Pee en ke > pe U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH xx LycoPODIALE® OM HOPKLOIOs (eA JLo WV UCL PCAC Reb XG Velelalee OMPHALOPHLOIOS CYCLOSTIGMA Lx. sp. (Page 218.) Fic. 1. Photographic enlargement of face of the portion of flattened branch removed from the upper left of the large trunk shown in Fig. 1, Pl. LXVII. The bolster outlines are more or less distinctly seen, as well as the oval bosses and central depressions. As usual the promi- nent, shallowly transversely triangular area, just beneath the oval boss, supposed to represent the leaf scar, is more or less abraded. U.S.Nat. Mus.,6029. 2. la. Enlarged details of bolsters in same specimen. x2. 2. Fragment from impression of crushed stem. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6030. 446 SF Tern SAGE CAL SURVEY U. S. GEOLOGI LYCOPODIA' (Fig. 11 MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. LXVIIL PHALOPHLOIOS. » natural size.) °U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. LXviir LycoroDiAL®!SHFHALOPH Loos, (Fiz. 1 is tbe natural size,) Pi AWE exe Pa AVE, eeXGI aXe: SIGILLARIA CAMPTOL ANIA Wood. (Page 230.) Part of « slab, in the lower part of which is a portion of a flattened trunk. The impression of the back side of the trunk is continued to the top of the slab. Between the subepidermal casts of the leaf scars are seen the diagonal systems of cross-striation of the cortex characteristic of the Subsigillarie. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6057. 448, PL, LXIK MONOGRAPH XXAVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES: SIGILLARIA. MON XXXVII 29 le exe aT eAG IRE sally NUM Ner SIGILLARIA CAMPTOT ANIA Wood. (Page 230.) Fic. 1, Fragment from young stem, partially deprived of the epidermis. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6063. 3. Another stem in which both the leaf scars and the diagonal cross-striation, usually less clearly seen when the epidermis is preserved, are shown. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6064. 3a. Enlarged detail showing leaf scars, supra- and subjacent shields, and cortical aspect; from the same specimen, 2. 3b. Enlarged detail of leaf scar and environment; from same. x4. 4. Surface of fragment of old trunk, from which the epidermis is partly removed. Jt shows the casts of the narrow, short bolsters. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6052. da. Partially decorticated bolster of the same. X2. 4b. Bolster of same, without epidermis and leaf cicatrix. x2. STIGMARIOID IMPRESSION. (Page 246.) Fic. 5, Impression, apparently Stigmarian in nature, with deep diagonal cross wrinkling, perhaps referable to Sigillaria camptotania Wood. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6067. SIGILLARIA SIGILLARIOIDES Lx. Sp. (Page 230.) Fic. 2. Portion of flattened stem. The fragment photographed is the “reverse” of the original type, described and illustrated (Coal Flora, p. 425, pl. Ixviii, figs. 8, 8a) as Lepidophloios sigillarioides Lx. Lacoe collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 6659. 450 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LYCOPODIALES: SIGILLARIA. A EXaale AGAINST ol SNGONG ATs T HNIOPHYLLUM LATIFOLIUM D. W. (Page 247.) Fic. 1. Slab covered by broad parallel leaves. The thin carbonaceous scale is removed from portions of the surface, showing faintly the position of the loose flexuose vascular band traversing each leaf. Small leaves are emitted, distantly, from the large ones, the point of union giving a somewhat Stigmarioid impression. Such an impression is seen about 2.5 em. below the upper end of the broad leaf in the upper center of the rock. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6068. la. Detail of same showing faint lineation of the leaf. 1). Fragment of leaf showing position of two branches. 1c. Detail of the attachment of a small leaf near the top of and on the back side of the large leaf in the upper center as expressed through the leaf. It also shows the lineation of the leaf. x4. 452 LXXI PL MONOGRAPH XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY = 3 d =) > ae a (e) z i F LYCOPODIALES?: | | | | | AZABNS Wwo19070R9 “5 “A ON “Ie HAXXX HeYESONOW ies Vie, Reruns IPL AD, IG SX CT AL CORDAIANTHUS OVATUS Lx. (Page 262. ) Fig. 1. Fragment with very small gemmuies. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6073. la. Detail of gemmules and spine from same. x2. 2. Portion of spike with large gemmules. This specimen was identified under the aboye name by Professor Lesquereux. With it are fragments of a Cordaites, probably C. communis Lx., and of a macerated Pecopteris pseudovestita. Lacoe collection, U.S. Nat. Mus., 9202. 2a. Enlarged detail of gemmule on upper left of the fragment of Cordaianthus ovatus. 2. CARDIOCARPON BRANNERI Fairch. & D. W. (Page 266.) Fig. 3, Specimen showing nucleus and wing. The basal dilation is exceptionally narrow in this example. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6065. LEPIDODENDRON ScUTATUM Lx. (Page 198.) Fic. 4. Branchlets showing characteristic attitude of the leaves. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6074. 454 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVI PL. LXXII FERNS: PECOPTERIS. LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDODENDRON. CORDAITALES: CORDAITES, CORDAIANTHUS, AND CARDIOCARPON. ; Z ’ , ‘ Eyes t ‘ rey : ri : cE e ral = £ © . Rothe ~ b ‘ (eso SNay LoxoUE lead DDB IG) SOK ILICIL, DICRANOPHYLLUM? sp. (Page 272.) Fic. 1. Photograph showing aspect of a specimen doubtfully referred to the above genus, but which may be Algoid in its nature. The fossil is somewhat macerated. A detail from the same is given in Pl. XLI, Fig. 10. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6076. LEPIDOCYSTIS MISSOURIENSIS D. W. (Page 216.) Fic. 2. Partially compressed spore case in sandstone. SPHENOPHYLLUM MAJUS Bronn. (Page 180.) Fic. 3. Verticils showing nervation of the leaves, U.S. Nat. Mus., 5680. 456 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXXVII PL. LXXiIII LYCOPODIALES: LEPIDOCYSTIS. SPHENOPHYLLALES: SPHENOPHYLLUM. GYMNOSPERM: DICRANOPHYLLUM? INDEX. Acetabularie Age of Missouri flora ... Alethopteris Sternberg - - 74,90, 113-020, 129, 141, 143 Alethopteris ambigua IU RS) te MeRoSOdsoS 85, 88, 101, 115, 286, 295 Alethopteris ambigua Lx .......---------.------ 1135-116 Pl. xxvil, figs.3,4; Pl. Xr, fig. 9 Alethopteris aquilina (Schloth.) Goepp --- 28, 116, 295 Alethopteris crenulata (Brongn.) Goepp -..-----.----- 64 Alethopteris Davreuxii (Brongn.) Goepp -.---.----- 295, 299 Alethopteris discrepans Daws ...---..-------------- 142 Alethopteris erosa (Gutb.) Gein.....--.--------+-+--: 70 Alethopteris Gibsoni Lx.... -..-------- 606 116 Alethopteris Grandini (Brongn.) Goepp -- - 295, 299, 300 Alethopteris Hannonica Sauv oe 117 Alethopteris hymenophylloides Lx -- -- 58,59 Alethopteris ingens Daws ...---.-----.--+-++++-+-++ 142 Alethopteris lonchitica (Schloth.) Brongn...----- 117, 119, 299 Alethopteris macrophylla Newb -..-.--.------------ 141 Alethopteris magna Gr.’Hy --..-..----.-------+----- 148 Alethopteris maximaAndr........--.------+----+--- 141, 142 Alethopteris nervosa \ Brongn.) Goepp.--------------- 30, 31 Alethopteris Serlii (Brongn.) Goepp ----.----------- 116, 117-118, 123, 276, 286, 295, 299, 300 Pl. xxxvit, fig. 1 Alethopteris Serlii var. missouriensis D. W..--- 118-120 Pl. xxxvu, fig. 2; Pl. xuu, fig. 5 Alethopteris Sternbergii (Goepp.) Ett.-----.----- 117, 118, 119 Alethopteris Sullivanti (Lx.) Schimp..-.-------------- 123 Alethopteris valida Boul ...--..--..----------+------ 299 Al ge 20... 20 cn - ee cee nee n een enn neces eens 11-13 Alleghany series, place of Missouri flora in..-...--- 292 Aloiopteris Potonié-..--.-.------------+-+++++++--++ 70-74 Aloiopteris erosa (Gutb.) D. W ...--------- 70-7 1, 286, 295 P). xxut, fig.6; Pl. xxv, fig. 3a Aloiopteris Sternbergii (Ett.) Pot. o --- 295, 300 Aloiopteris Winslovii D. W , 286, 295, 300 Aloiopteris (Corynepteris ?) Winslovii D. W..---.- 72-74 Pl. xxu, figs. 1-3; Pl. xx1u, figs. 1-5 Androstachys Grand’Eury.. 138 Androstachys cebennensis Gr.’Ey 138 Androstachys frondosus Gr.’Ey ..-.------------+--- 100 Angiopteris Hoffman. ....-----------------+-++++---- 142 Jit ities paocpdancocsspscopecyeeasceccas oo4540 274, 27T5S- Annularia Sternberg .--..-.--------------------- 157-165 Annularia angustifolia Hamb..- -- 162, 163 Annularia brevifolia Brongn -.--- 50 163 Annularia calamitoides Schimp. 23 152 Annularia elegans Gr.’ Ey-- Sc 163 Annularia fertilis Sternb ..-..-------------+--+---+- 159 Annularia galioides Daws..--..-----------------++-- 165 Annularia Geinitzit Stur.....-..---.------+---------- 161 2H NH AES pA BRIBY IONS Cock cncbocciso soocsmedsocarcscs 162 Annularia longifolia Brongn..-.--.---.------+--+-+- 159, 161 Annularia longifolia Brongn var. angustifolia Lx... 163 Annularia microphylla Werd, Roem ....--..--------- 165 Annularia mucronata Schenk.......-.-------------- 161 Annularia radiata Brongn.....--.-.----..-- 158, 159, 163, 295 Annularia ramosa Weiss .----.- 145, 146, 157, 158-159, 295 Annularia sarepontana Stur.....--.---..--.-------- 165 Annularia sphenophylloides (Zenk.) Gutb-.-..- 163-165, 290, 295, 299, 300 Annularia spinulosa Sternb ..-.---------------- a5 Annularia stellata (Schloth.) Wood wee 157 159-162, 163, 276, 295, 299, 300 Pl. xx1Vv, fig. 3b Annularia westphalica Stur..---------.-------+----- 161 Annularia sp. Ferd. Roem ...-.-..-----..----------- 161 Annularid sp. Hitchcock ....----------...-.------.. 160 Annularie Antholithi 58 Anthracite floras, relation of Missouri flora to 289 Anthracoblattina americana Seud 8 Aphlebiaihresleerec sci -cee cine nie -- 69, 103-113, 278, 295 Aphlebia crispa (Gutb.) Presl.- 104, 105-106, 107, 278, 300 Aphilebia filiciformis (Gutb.) Sterz......-.. 108, 113, 278, 295 Aphlebia Germari Zeill -..-.... 104, 106-107, 108, 113, 278 Pl. XLVI Apblebia Goldenbergii Weiss....-..--.------------- 295 Aphlebia hamulosa (Lx.) D. W ...---------------- 104, 236 Aphlebia hirsuta (Lx.) D. W.--.--.---------- S0008a0 108 Aphlebia membranacea (Lx.) D. W. --- LU, 284 Aphlebia spinosa (Lx.) D. W ... - 104-105, 286, 295 Aphlebia subgoldenbergii D. W..-...... 110-112, 284, 295 Pl. xiv, fig. 7 VA LEDLOSD wD sw fee selnietn ta = lem einets[o arlene mie leeeieisiial= 110 NTE HEA By pH JOHAN Sssosdoonoebadsamescocdaaasoc0 112-113 Pl. Xv, fig. 1 MAtp Wle bigoe cess eos a Stee ete eeu eae 106, 283 Apparine densius foliate Luid....--.....-.--------- 159 Araucarioxylon Kraus ......-...-------.--2-2-2.---- 257 Ar atIcarites! GOCPPelber ect sselel= ce se sian ei 257 Araucarites spiceformis Germ 100 Arthropitus Goeppert.-..- 144, 145 Artisia Sternberg ..- 258 Asolanus Wood........-.--.- - 230, 238 Asolanus camptotenia Wood..-... - 230, 283 Asolanus dimorpha (Gr.’Ey) Pot .-....-.-.-----.--- 231 Asplenites Ettingshausen.....-.-..--.---------- SaEe 16 Asplenites Sternbergii Ett...-......-5...-...-....-- 72,73 Asterophyllites Brongniart....-....-..---..---- 150-156, 186 Asterophyllites annularioides Crep -...-..-.--------- 152 Asterophyllites elegans Sauv........-----------+---- 154 458 INDEX. Page. Asterophyllites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Brongn... 1L51- 1533, 160, 283, 284, 295, 299, 300 Pl. LIX, fig. le Asterophyllites erectifolius Andr.-..-........-.----- 153 Asterophyllites fasciculatus Lx .-.- --- 183, 187 Asterophyllites fruit Lx ....... ae 161 Asterophyllites gracilis Lx.-.......-.-...---..------ 185, 187 Asterophyllites grandis L. and H .......--.---------- 152 Asterophyllites'sp. Jackson ’.-.----..-.--------------- 160 Asterophyllites Lindleyanus Goepp..---------------- 152 Asterophyllites longifolius (Stb.) Brongn.. ..-. 153-156, 160, 277, 286, 295, 300 PI. XLIX, figs. 2-4 | Asterophyllites? sp. Morton ..........--------.--.--- 160 Asterophyllites Neumannianus Goepp. 152 Asterophyllites ovalis Lx ..------- 156 Asterophyllites cf. ,igidus Weiss. - 2 154 Asterophyllites rigidus Lx.-....-.....-.--- Asterophyllites tenuifolius (Stb.) Brongn -- Asterophyllites westphalicus Stur..-...-..------------ 161 meAlsterouliy luc SCR DeLee sence eee eee ee 150 Asterophyllum equisetiformis (Schloth.) Schimp .---. 152 PANSTOTOtlecap heres lees tan enee tees setsfein celle --- 63,90, 93 Aviculopecten providens Cox?. .-.........--.-,----- 8 | A8}5 Barton County, plants from --.-.2..-...----2---...-. 9) Becher ci Stern vercy aes neseeeseeerenneeente eines 150 Bennettites Solms-Laubach nee 205 Bergeria Sternberg--.-.--.----.----- seo 194 Bohemia, stage of Missouri flora in = 304 Bornia Sternberg --.-------.----.----- 5 150 Bornia equisetiformis (Schloth.) Sternb. : 151 Bornia stellata Sternb Soe 159 Bothredendron Lindley and Hutton .......---.- 228, 230, 282 Bothrodendron punctatum..-.---.---.----.--.--2+.- 299 Bothrodendron(Cyclostigma) Kiltorkense Haught. sp 238 Botrychiumiswantze nee e= teeta eee eee 63 Botryoconus|Goeppert-seeeriscice cee aeelsoeeeoce 258 Bowmanites Binney.------..--..--- = 173 Bowmanites Dawsoni (Will.) Zeill .-- 173 British Carboniferous floras compared 297 Britts, J. H., collection and donation of plants by.. 1, 2,3, 276 description of specimens of Titanophyllum by -- 270 apecimensiloanedibyg-n sees aes eee eee 137 TPAD, WWM ee Basan etc ecdsteconadesecsSane 302 Brittsia problematica D. W.-- 97, 98-101 Pl. XLVu, figs. 1-5; xiv, figs. 1-3 Broadhead, G. C., geological section at Gilkerson’s ordipreparedi hye sam deeece cas see 7 stratigraphic descriptions of plant beds by.---. 5 Brookville flora, relations of, and Missouri flora ..... 289, 293 Brukmannia Sternberg -.--.--.----.--.--------- 150 Page Calamites decoratus Schloth......-.-----.--.-.----.- 148 CalamiteseDunr iu Gute see ee eeeeee eee eee 149 Calamites equisetiformis (Schloth.) Ett 152 Calamites Germarianus Goepp ..----.---..---.-----. 170 Calamites Goepperti Htt - 2222 oc oe. eee eo 170 Calamites infractus Gutb ....-.-----1---------.----- 150 Calamites infractus Gutb. var. leioderma Sandb-..... 149 Calamites irregularis Achep ...------.-------- 148 Calamites leioderma Gutb.-...-...-,s2---------e---- 149, 150 Calamites nodosus Schloth ...-...-.--.------ 145, 148, 150, 158 Calamites ramosus Artis -.....- 145-146, 158, 159, 295, 300 Galamites}Sachsey Stuty masse eases ease eee 176 Calamites tenuifolius (Stb.) Ett ........--..-.-..---- 149, 154 Calamites varians Sternb)-----..-.---:------ 148, 150, 157, 158 Calamites verticillatus L.and H.-......-...-.-. 167, 168, 169 Calamites\\VolkmannijMttss-- sess seem eee ees 263 SODe 147 Calamites (Eucalamites) ramosus Artis......-. - 145, 158 Calamites (Stylocalamites) Suckowii Brongn. - 26 146 CalamztinaaWVielssieeeee ee eee ee 166, 167, 168, 169 Calamitina Goepperti (Ett.) Weiss-..--..........--- 170 Calamitina Solmsii Weiss.+-.-...-...--------------- 170 Calamitina varians Sternb -.-.-....-..-----..------- 168 Calamocladus Schimper..-------...2----------0c---- 150 | Calamocladus binervis Boulay.-..-------------------- 152 | Calamocladus equisetiformis (Schloth.) Schimp .--- 152 Calamoctadus longifolius (Stb.) Schimp .---.--.----- 154 Calamodendron Brongniart 144 Calamosyrina Petzholdt --- 230 Calamosyrinx Zwickaviensis Petzh oes 242 Calamostachys Schimper. --..--..- - 156-157 Calamostachys Binneyana Schimp 145 | Calamostachys calathifera Weiss.-.--..------ 4 165 Calamostachys equisetiformis (Schloth.) Schimp -..- 152 Calamostachys germanica Weiss .--......--.-..----- 152 Calamostachys Ludwigii Schimp.-.....--.---..-.--- 156 Calamostachys ovalis Lx ........-.- 156-157, 286, 295, 300 Calamostachys pralongus Lx...-----...---------+--- 165 Calamostachys ,amosa Weiss ...--.-.--.------------ 145, 158 Calamostachys tuberculata (Stb.) Weiss ..--.-.--.--- 161 Calamostachys typica Weiss...-....-- Ss 155 Calamostachys sp. Weiss. -- SGaseboees aS 154 Callipteridium Weiss.............- 120-125, 128, 141 Callipteridium Grandini(Brongn.) Lx..----.--....-. 122 Callipteridium inzequale Lx ..-........... 122, 123, 286, 295 Pl. XXXxIXx, fig.4; Pl. x1, fig. 1d; Pl. Lxn, fig. d Callipteridium cf. Mansfieldi Lx......-.-- 1233, 286, 295, °00 Callipteridium membranacewm Lx..-.....--- 86, 94, 95, 96, 286 Callipteridium membranaceum Lx .....---.----- 120-122 Pl. xxxvil. figs. 1-5 Callipteridium neuropteroides Lx- 124 Callipteridium Owenii Lx-.-........-. 5 279 Callipteridium Sullivantii (Lx.) Weiss...---......-. 123- Brukmannia longifolia Sternb- 153, 155 Brukmannia tuberculata Sternb. 161 Buck Mountain coal, age of..-..-.--..--------..----- 293 ic Callamanies rermcsscannteceseenceie ate eee nae eae tare 144-171 Gal amaris joes - cena eee se ceeen ce cone mace eneoeee 156 Calamites Suckow 144-150, 157, 166, 283, 295, 300 Gnlamites Arey SRUV-seeaacena nese e nee 148 Calamites canneformis Schloth............--------- 147 Calamites cistii Brongn..-...-......- 149-150, 152, 295, 300 | Cactamites communis Ett .......------.----.----- 145, 148, 149 | 125, 283, 286, 302 Pl. XXXIX, figs. 1-3; Pl. xut, figs. 1-3 Callipteris conferta Goepp 15 Gatlinteris Sullivantt Dx s-see- seco es cieeece ences 123 Camerospongia fungiformis Goldf...-..-........-.-. 11 Capelliamugoss Gold fi-e-sccn- on sone eee 11 Carboniferous flora, distribution of .......-...--...- 306 Placeiofrori gino herons ace eee eee 306 Cardiocarpon Brongniart ..----........--- = 265, 266, 267 Cardiocarpon Branneri Fairch. and D, W..-.----..-- 267. 284 Cardiocarpon fluitans Daws.-....-.--..- A 267 Cardiocarpon orbicularis Ett...-.-.-.. 267 Cardiocarpon zonulatum Lx................-.----<.- 267 INDEX. 459 Page. Page. Cardiocarpon (Samaropsis) Branneri Fairch. and Cyatheites Candollianus (Brongn.) Goepp-.---------- 83 ID}, Wi NUS peonsécasdbosbecadctisaseae 261,266-267 | Oyatheites dentatus (Brongno.) Goepp.- 2 75 Pl. Luxx, fig.3; Pl. Lx, fig. le | Oyatheites plumosus (Artis?) Goepp .----------- dn 75 Carpolites cerasiformis Presl.......--..--------++--+ 265,266 | Cyathocarpus Candolleanus (Brongn.) Weiss .---..- 83 Carpolites multistriatus Presl .---------------------- 268,269 | Oyathocarpus dentatus (Brongn.) Weiss..-.--------- 75 Carpolithes sp, Morris.....-----------+---+-----+-+-- 274 | Cycader -- 128 Oasuarinites Schlotheim .....-.------------------ 2 150 | Cycadeoidea Buckland .-....-./.-..-----------<----- 205 Casuarinites equisetiformis Schloth..-.----------- 151 | Oyclocarpon Goeppert and Fiedler .-.....--.-------- 265 Casuarinites stellatus Schloth ...---- 159 | Cyclocladia Goldenberg ......-.---..-..------------- 202 Catenaria Sternberg ..--.-.---------- 230 | Cyclocladia Lindley and Hutton ..-..--..--.---- 166-171 Caulopteris Lindley and Hutton _ 101- 102 | Cyclocladia Brittsii D. W.-------------- 169-17 1, 284, 295 Caulopteris acantophora Lx ..----------------- 1 O, 256, 283 Pl. xurx, fig. 1 Caulopteris ovalis Lx. MSS. - _.. 108-102, 286 | Cyclocladia major Feist.....-- é 170 Ceratozamia Brongniart....------------------------- 259 | Cyclocladia major L. and H .- _ 167, 168 Cheilanthites Brongniartit Ett ...--.-.-----+--+----> 49 | Cyclocladia sp.D.W .-.-.--- 169 Oheilanthites trregularis (Stb.) Goepp --.------------ 24 | Oyclopteris dilatata L.and H-- a5 GYR TEE Cheilanthites obtusilobus (Brongn.) Goepp----------- 24 | Cyclopteris obliqua Brongn......-.----------------- 138 Cheilanthites (Sphenopteris) grypophylla -.----- 44 | Cyclopteris orbicularis Brongn .....---------------. 138 Cherokee division of Coal Measures .-...--.-------- 4 | Cyclostigma (Bothrodendron?) Kiltorkense Haught. 238 Clarion coal flora, relation of Missouri flora to-.----- 289 | Cyclostigma Kiltorkense Haught..-..-..----------- 282 Clathrarvia Brongniart .-..-.---------- 930,237 | Cyclotheca Kidston ..-...-.----..+--.--------------- 47 Climate in Mesocarboniferous time. - 505 Ceeloptychium agaricoides Goldf.....--.-- 3 12 D. Collections of Missouri Coal Measnres plants------- 2,3 Colpoxylon Brongniart- eee aresc [ee stated oriate sietal= 270 | Dactylotheca dentata (Brongn.) Zeill ....------------ 76 (Ghyntittns se sasncnscesbacoadesancqouosbdcUuDomscenceco a7 1-274 Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidst...---.------- é 76 Conostichus Lesquereux.-.--.----------------- 11-13, 283 | Dactylotheca plumosa (Artis?) Kidst. var. Reniata Conostichus Broadheadi Lx..-...--..------++------+ 12-13 (Brongn:)) Widst: -- <<... 2262-2222. - 2. ==. = 7 Pl. u, figs. 1-5 | Dadoxylon Endlicher. --....----------+---+---+------ Conostichus prolifer Lx..---------------------+----- 43 | Danwa Smith ...-..---------------+----+------------ Pl.u, fig. 6 | Danwites Goeppert ..-..------------++++++++---+- +++ Cordaianthus Grand’ Eury .----------------- 205,262-265 | Danwites Emersoni Lx-..---.-------- Cordaianthus dichotomus Lx....------------------- 262, | Danwites (Alethopteris) macrophylla (Newb.) Lx.. 141, 142 264-265, 265, 277, 286 | Darlington coal (see Kittanning flora).----..----..-. 288, 293 Cordaianthus gemmifer Gr.’Ey _... 262,264 | Dawson, Sir J. W., diagnosis of Dictyocordaites by- 258 Cordaianthus gracilis Gr.’Ey -.--.---- 263 | Deepwater, Mo., plants from 3.6 Cordaianthus ovatus Lx. 260, 262-264, 265, 277, 286, 296, 301 Dewimaswercitedieessr acca sceeciste se cists cle eaters 273 Pl. Lxx0, figs.1,2 | Des Moines series in Missouri-.-...2...22.--.--.---- 4 Cordaianthus rugosus Lx...-----------------------: 265 | Desmiophyllum Lesquereux..--------------- 247, 249, 250, 255 Cordaianthus Volkmanni (Ett.) Zeill _. 263,296,301 | Desmiophyllum gracile Lx......-.------------------ 249, 280 Cordaicarpon Geinitz...-.-------------- 258, 259, 265-266 | Desmopteris Stur -....-.----------++++-+------------ 141, 143 Cordaicarpon cerasiforme (Presl) D. W - 260, 2 35-266, 284 | Desmopteris belgica Star ..--..--------------------- 143 Cordaicarpus Boulayi Zeill.------------------------- 265 | Devonian at St. John, N. B ...----------------------- 129 Cordaicarpus Gutbieri (Gein.) Gr.’Ey .------- 266 | Devonian Megalopteris -.--------------------------- 129 Cordaicarpus Mans/ieldi Lx.------------------ 267 | Dicranophyllum Grand’Eury -- 271-274, 302 Cordaicladus Schimper. .------- ; 258 | Dicranopayllum dichotomum Lx. 273 Cordaitloyos Grand’Eury -.--.-----------+--+------- 957 | Dicranophyllum dimorphum Lx .. = 273 Cordaioxylon Grand’ Bury-..----------------------+- 257 | Dicranophyllum gallicum Gr.’Ey..- zi 273 Oordaispermum Brongniart..----------------------+ 265 | Dicranophyllum tripartitum Gr.’Ey -....--.-------- 273 Cordaitales.--.-.-.-------------------------7----- 257-271 | Dicranophyllum sp? D. W.--------------------- 272-274, Cordaiter...-.------------------2 +222 2-7 --- 251, 257-271 Pl. LX XI, fig. 1; Pl. Xu, fig. 10 Cordaites Unger--- 14, 257-260, 270.282 | Dictyopteris Gutbier -...--..------------------------ 128, 139 Cordaites angustifolius Lx. (non Dawson) ---------- 261 | Dictyopteris gilkersonensis D. W..----------+-+------- 139 Cordaites borassifolius (Stb.) Ung-.-------- 296, 299, 301 | Dictyopteris Miimsteri Roem..-.-----------.-------- 140, 299 Cordaites communis Lx. -.-..---------------+--------- 14, | Dictyopteris obliqua Bunb--- 299 52, 260-261, 263, 264, 284, 296, 301 | Dictyopteris sub-Brongniartii : 299 Pl. 1m, fig.1; Pl. xvi; Pl. xxvr | Dictyopteris sp. 1D WY ecbctoecscoese Be 139 Cordaites diversifolius Lx-...-- .. 260,261, 283 | Dictyocordaites Dawson-- . 257, 258 Cordaites ebracteatus Lx .-------------------------- 263 | Dictyotacew-..--.--------- 140 Cordaites lingulatus Gr.’Ey..--------------+---+---- 261 | Dielasma bovidens Morton.---.--.------.------------ 7 Cordaites Mansfieldi Lx-..-.-.--------------------7+- 267,268 | Diplothmema Stur ...---- 18, 30, 42, 44 Cormack, citedon structure of Equisetum maximum - 144 | Diplothmema furcatum (Brongn.) StULeeeeese eee 16, 23, 300 Corynepteris Baily. -------------+++-+2-+ 2-27 20070777 71,74 | Diplothmema trregulare (Stb.) Stur..-.------------- 25 Corynepteris erosa (Gutb.) Kidst.------------+------ 70 | Diplothmema Jacquoti Zeill .------.---------------- 300 Cryptogams ..----------------++2ee2e2ec2r corn 11-275 | Diplothmema muricatum (Schloth.) Stur ..-..------ 30 Cyatheites Oandolleanus (Brongn.) Goepp----------- 83 | Diplothmema nervosum (Brongn.) Stur..------------ 30 460 INDEX. Page. | Diplothmema obtusilobum (Brongn.) Stur ...- 38 25 Diplothmema palmatum (Schimp.) Stur... 20 18 | Diplothmema pilosum Stur .. aes 32 Diplothmema Zeilleri Stur........--..------------ 42,56, 300 | Diplothmema (Sphenopteris) furcatum (Brongn.) i cspacdcoanesisesn Sentconscand st oetod snes 299 Diplothmema, relation of Pseudopecopteris to...--. 21, 22, 23 Discopteris Schumanni Stur .....---..---------+---- 41 Dolerophyllum Saporta .......-..-..-.--2--+--06---- 137,138 | Dolerophyllum dilatatwm (UL. and H.) Schimp -.----- 137 139 | 132, 137, 138 138 Dorycordaites Grand’Eury.....-.--------------- 257, 258, 261 | | E. | Ehrenberg, cited on priority of genus Pinnularia.... 171 | Entolium aviculatum Swallow -.---..---.-/-----.--- 7 | Eocarboniferous of Missouri. ae 4 TL EGE = mccn ponchos rac combocetcooSdecencoseadsces 144, 145 Equisetales .---...-.------------+----+----+----- 144-173 | Equisetites Geinitz......------------ 166, 170 Equisetites zeeformis (Schloth.) Andrii ...-.--..-.. 157,186 | Equisetum? Parkinson..-...-.----------+---- 145, 157, 159, 166 Equisetum diluvianwm Scheuch .-....---...-----+--- 151 | Equisetum infundibuliforme Bronn...-.--.--.------ 167 | Equisetum majus Mylius ..........--..---------+--- 151 | Equisetum maximum Lamarck......-..-..---------- 144 Equisetum minimum Mylius...--.---- - 151 | Equisetum palustre Scheuch 151 Equisetum stellifolium Harlan . < 160 Eremopteris Schimper....-- - 16-20 | Eremopteris bilobata D. W....---------- -- 19-20, 284 Pl.uv; Pl. v, figs. 4-6 | Eremopteris Cheathami Lx ..-..-.------------ Beets 16, 20 Eremopteris missouriensis Lx ...-....- 16-19, 278, 286, 300 Pl. vy, figs. 1-3; Pl. v1 Eremopteris, relation of Pseudopecopteroid group to 16 Erosion interval preceding formation of coals-..---- 293 | Etoblattina clintoniana Scudder.....-...------------ 8 | Eucalamites ramosus (Artis) Kidst -....-..---.--.-- 145 EBucalamites (Calamites) ramosus (Artis) Kidst 145. | Eucordaites Renault ..-..--.--------------.-- 260 | European basins, stage of Missouri plants in 285 | WHO alerwkS ~ssnasoussadsecoseeebansoescenct | Excipulites Goeppert | Excipulites Callipteridis (Schimp.) Kidst..--. 15, 28, 283, 294 Pl. 1x, figs. 4, 4a JERS Fairchild, H. L., report on plants from Arkansas (GUE god sak sablgpscbEeoconsiecbosecherDheesod 267, 284 | Favularia Sternberg .--....-.-..-----------------.--- 230, 238 | Favularia tessellata (Steinh.) L.and H...--..--..--- 242 | Feistmantel, O. K., diagnosis of Asterophyllites | mafea NE! WN Chosen osbestossoss csostacéontsiscam 155 diagnosis of Cyclocladia by -.-----------.------- 167 | Ferrnginous sandstone, relation of Coal Measures to- 5, 6, 8,9 IDNAGHINEE Gacceeipgagnabocoseacssesess - 16-144 Filicites sect. Odontopteris Brongn Sars 125 Filicites sect. Pecopteris Brongn... = 74 Filicites sect. Sphenopteris Brongn Z 35 Flabellaria Sternberg .....--..-+-+-+---++-----+--++- 257 | Fossils, insects, from plant beds.....-..--------.---- 8 | Fossils, invertebrates, from plant beds ........--..-- va Fucoides Germar and Kaulf- Fucoides crenatus Gutb...- : 109 Fucoides crispus Gutb.- - - 105, 106 Fucoides filiciformis Gutb oe 109 | Fucoides jiliformis Stein...........-.------- --- 109,172 j Wungih- ccs Yost suet oh ooo) le. an Meee acne 13-15 G. Galium album latifolium Rupp -.-.-..-...---- ------ 159 Galium album vulgare Tourn. --. ss 169 Galium sphenophylloides Zenk ..--.-----.-- 164 Geinitz, H. B., cited on Saxon Carboniferous. . c 304 Geislautern stage and the Missouri flora.......-..-- 304 Geographical distribution of plants in Mesocarbon- WEUE) Wb aSKoccadcuescbacesaunoseeescoooc 306 Geology of the plant beds-.-....---..--.--.--.------ 4-9 Gilkerson’s Ford, section at-.-.......-.........----- 3, 6,7 Gani (0a les nee reece seem ae se nianis oe eee eta eee eae 272 MGinkgophyllum\Sapontayess see seeasee assis eee eee 272 Grand 'Eury, classitication of Pseudosigillaria by --. 238 description of cycadeoid trunk by -.-..-..-.----- 205 description of Hysterites by -...-...-..-...--.-- 14 opinion of, concerning reference of Rhabdocarpos Guigil ss Saceaaoscconce 138 subdivisions of Cordaites by @ 257 Grand Eurya erosa (Gu. and C.) Zeill.- Seee 70 Gymnospenn Semesaseieseeeiecesionie ee seas eee 257-274 Habitats. (Se Localities.) Halonia Lindley and Hutton..............-.--.----- 202, 203 Hambach, G., list of Missouri plant fossils prepared Why cooSdoncdost taososcheldecontadetisosces 131, 163, 276 Hapalopteris cherophylloides (Brongn.) Stur 49 Hapalopteris rotundifolia (Andra) Stur ---- 37 Hapalopteris typica Stur .......---------- 49 Hanlea\Corda-- 2.2. n seen ot 63 Hawlea Miltoni (Brongn.) Stur-..--..-----.--.------ 90, 105 | Haworth and Kirk, use of term Cherokee by -....---. 4 Hick, Thomas, cited on Calamostachys Binneyana and Arthropitus -.........-........---..---- 145 Hippurites Lindley and Hutton........----.-..-.--- 150 Hippurites gigantea L.and H................--.---. 168 Hippurites longifolia L. and H .- 152 Hobbs’s coal mine, fossils from. -. 3,6,8 Horizons of fossil plants 9 Honiller Moyen. (See Westphalian.) Huttonia Sternberg....-.......-..-----.-..0----.00. 166, 169 SEA cite a PATI Sy seme eel ale oan ala ore 171 Hydatica columnare Artis .-.......--...--..---.---- 172 Hymenophwllaceeiecs-mameea= aman eaeinne seein 42 Hymenophyllites asa. jee sane e = nose eee ee eee 41 Hymenophyllites germanica Pot .......-.-..-.-..--- 47 Hymenophyllites Humboldtii Goepp --...-..-.....-. 42 Hymenophyllites pinnatifidus Lx 45, 46 Hymenophyllites quadridavtylites (Gutb.) Goepp --- 47 Hymenophyllites Schimperiana Goepp 42 Hymenotheca Po*onié.....-.......- 42 Hymenotheea Dathei Pot - 41, 294 Hypsilocarpus Brongniart -.---...-.--- 5 259 Hysterium Tode 13 Ta Qe hoo teases sose oeetopcosocanscconsaecetaces 14 Hysterites Grand’Hury..--..-....-....-...-......-. 13-14 | Hysterites Cordaitis Gr.’Ey -..........--- 14, 52, 260, 283, 284 INDEX. Hyaterites Friesii Nath...-...-..-0.---.cee-eoese ce 13 Hysterites, geological range of...............-.---- 13 Pl. 1 1 Illinois State Museum, Paleozoic plant types in .. 32,36, 102 Insect fossils from plant beds........-...-.--.-----. 8 Invertebrate fossils from plant beds .. So 7 WAS WUE sé poo dconempasdasuocuacecnasassoasaces 251 OG Jenney, Dr. W. P., plants collected by -.-----..-.---- 2,3 Jordan coal, in Henry County..---.-.. 6,7,8 Jordan coal mine.............--..-- 3 BESCS Kanawha series, compared with lower Coal Measures of Great Britain .-. dee 307 TOW @)! « cosceaeeootao cobocoosednosagestdssanseooo 290 Keyes, C. R., cited on orogenic movements in Mis- souri Coal Measures time..........---------- 4 Kidston, R., correlation of Calamostachys typica-.-. 155 diagnosis of Lepidophloios by-..-..--.--.--------- 202 identification of fungus on Pseudopecopteris BINOE NS 1h? sees coosasenosssonensasscepecesseo9 28 identification of host of Excipulites Callipteridis Ufyscbcaddsocasdcandids cooonuccnenonEsmaqnasoas 15 on distribution of British Carboniferous floras-. 294 on Lepidodendron lanceolatum in the Radstock BIBER) sosc sso snscoadbosadassacoungeascacsoas 195 review of British Palmoxyris --- 274 Kinney’s mine, fossils from...-....--...---.--------- 6 Kittanning flora, relation of Missouri flora to... 288, 289, 293 KN OLLI MS VOLO DOLE cates a cajseeiieese= cee eee meciee st 230, 232 L. Lacoe, R. D., collection of fossil plants of. 2,3 Missouri plants in collection of. --. 276 Lactuca Linneus .. 106 Leiodermaria Sternberg 237 elo Orman wei ateeine miei = elmn ie ie well l= eile == = 237 Lepidocystis Lesquereux.........-.------------- ZIS5-217 Lepidocystis fraxiniformis (Goepp.) Lx-.--.--.----- 217 | Lepidocystis Jenneyi D.W.....---.-..-------------- 215 | Maepidodendres).------- 23. 187-230, 238 Lepidodendron Sternberg. ..----.------------------- 101, 187-201, 203, 205, 221, 230, 272 Lepidodendron aculeatum Sternb --- a5 280 Lepidodendron barbatum F. A. Roem. - -- 230, 237 188-192, Lepidodendron Brittsii Lx...--..-.------------ : 195, 211, 215, 285, 287, 296, 301 Pl. uu, figs. 1,2; Pl. vit, fig. 1; Pl. trv, figs. 1, 2 Lepidodendron Cliftonense Daws -.--.-------------- 192 Lepidodendron clypeatum Lx 201, 220, 221, 223, “207, 286, 288 Lepidodendron cruciatum Lx.......----------------- 230, 235 Lepidodendron cyclostigma Lx .-..---- - 218, 220, 225, 227 Lepidodendron dichotomum Sternb . 200 Lepidodendron dicrocheilus Wood . 196 Lepidodendron dissitum Sauv ---.- 196 Lepidodendron Haidingeri Ett.....--.----.----..--- 191 Lepidodendron lanceolatum Lx ......-----.--------- 187, 192-195, 277, 278, 284, 296, 301 Pi. Litt, fig. 2 Lepidodendron lycopodiodes Sternb..----------- 194, 195, 301 Levidodendron mammillatum Lx ...----.-.+.-+++--- 218 | 461 Page. Lepidodendron marginatum Presl.........-.-..-.-.- 195 Lepidodendron obovatum Sternb ..............-.--- 201 Lepidodendron ophiurns Brongn Lepidodendron rimosum Sternb .... 296, 301 196-198, 286, 296, 301 Lepidodendron rimosum Sternb. recorticatum D.W. 196- 198 PI. iy, figs. 3, 4 Lepidodendron Rhodcanum Sternb........-.....---- 201 | Lepidodendron scutatum Lx...-.-.. 198-200, 284, 296, 301 Pl. XLy, fig.4; Pl. Liv, fig. 5; Pl. LY, figs. 1,2; Pl. Lxxu, fig. 4 Lepidodendron selaginoides L.and H..............- 188 Lepidodendron setifolium Lx...----------------- a0 198 Lepidodendron Sternbergii Brongn ...-...-. 187, 193, 195, 278 Lepidodendron Veltheimanum Sternb........-..--- 201, 227 Lepidodendron Veitheimii Sternb......-. S50 299 Lepidodendron Volkmannianum Sternb ..... 187, 189, 192 Lepidodendron Wortheni Lx..-.-.. - 192, 287, 296, 301 Lepidodendron ( Bergeria) “aacaneet Pres leer 192,194 Lepidophloios Sternberg .--..... 27, 188, 200-20, 213, 235 Lepidophlovios acerosus L. and H.....-...--.----.-.- 204 Lepidophloios auriculatus Lx......-....---.--.- 204, 207, 210 | Lepidophloios crassicaulis Gold.......-.-........--- 209 Lepidophloios dilatatus Lx......--.-..-. 204, 206, 207, 210, 287 | Lepidophloios laricinus Sternb.,.......---..----.--- 210 Lepidophloios macrolepidotus Gold 210 Lepidophloios obcordatus Lx - 226 Lepidophloios scoticus Kidst............-.---------- 209 Lepidophloios sigillarioides Lx. - 239, 240, 241, 278 Lepidophloios Van Ingeni, D.W. 205-2 1 0, 217, 277, 284, 287 Pl. Lv1, figs.1-8; Pl. Lv; Pl. tym, fig. 1?; Pl. LXI, fig. 1e; Pl. Lxu, tig. f; Pl. Lxi, fig. 5 epidophlolosis passes seee esses estes eee 210 Lepidophyllum Brongniart.---.......--- 191, 204, 214-218 Lepidophyllum acuminatum Lx ...-.....-..---..--- 218 Lepidophyllum auriculatum Lx......-.--..-..------ 204, 218 Lepidophyllum brevifolium Lx . a 214 Lepidophyllum hastatum Lx... 214 Lepidophyllum Jenneyi D. W..........-.---.-- 2414- 215, 215, 284, 287, 296, 301 Pl. Lx, figs. 1-3; Pl. yxin, fig. 6. Lepidophyllum majus Brongn ...---...-.--- 204, 218, 280, 296 Lepidophyllum Mansfieldi Lx..-........-.-- 204, 217, 218, 287 Lepidophyllum missouriense D. W.. 216-2 18, 284, 287, 296 ; Pl. vin, fig. 2; Pl. Lx, figs. 1-3; Pl. x1, figs. 1a-b; Pl. LXu, figs. a, b,c, d,e; Pl. vxu, figs. 3, 3a. Lepidophyllum ovatifolium Lx .........--.-.--. 214, 215, 287 Lepidophyllum triangulare Zeill. - 296, 301 Lepidophyllum sp. D. W.-.---------------- 214 Lepidophyllum (Lepidostrobus) minus Lx.--..----- 279 Lepidophyllum (Lepidostrobus) missouriense D, W. 204, 210. 217 Lepidostrobus Brongniart .---...--. 205, 22-204, 215, 217 Lepidostrobus Geinitzii Schimp..-...-.--.------ 296, 301, 302 Lepidostrobus Goldenbergii Schimp -.--.....--. 213, 278, 302 Lepidostrobus Jenneyi D. W...........---.--------- 191 Lepidostrobus latus Lx -..-..-. 213 Lepidostrobus prelongus Lx... Z 278, 286, 296, 301, 392 Lepidostrobus princeps Lx...----..-..---------. 212-213 Pl. uxi, fig.h; Pl. vx, figs. 1,2; Pi. -xtv, fig. a. Lepidostrobus sp. D. W - 213-114 Lepidoxylon Lesquereux 253-256 Lepidoxylon anumalum Lx........-:.-..---- 2IB-ZSIG, 284 Leptocaryon Brongniart...-...--....----.--------0- 259 Lesquereux, L., description of Pseudopecopteris by. 21 list of Missouri plants by....--..- nio-teeseeaenas 276 unpublished MSS. on Paleozoic plants by .... 97,101,171 462 INDEX. Page Lindley and Hutton, types of Cyclocladia by..----- 168 Dine nlaim bonate Coxe een emeenm ies el eisai 7 Linopteris Pres] . 128, 139-140, 251 Linopteris Brongniartii (Gutb.) Pot sec Linopteris Gilkersonensis D. W. 139-140, 277, 284, 295, 300 Pl. XLI, figs. 7,8; Pl. Lxt, fig. 1 f. Linopteris Miinsteri (Eichw.) Pot .-..--- Linopteris obliqua (Bunb.) D. W ...----------------- Linopteris Schiitzei (Roem.) Pot....---..-...--.---- Linopteris sub-Brongniartii (Gr.’Ey.) Pot .-.--.-.-. 140 Localities of collections. .-..-......-.--------..-.--- 2,3 Lomatophloios Corda.---...--.---------------------- 202 Lonchopteris Brongniart ---.....-.----------------- 282 Lower Coal Measures, application of term in this WOM Ee cacadsos bosckdccosccass-soseScostineta 4 compared with Lower Coal Measures of Great Britain 297 relation of Lower Carboniferous to 4 TUR EO LOUGH: an cn aSedocepocsEnCeoonehSacdesSsbonde 251 Tay COP OUTS meee enlace ae sie ele eon 187-247 TCO NOUNCED soe Sos aooc aon sncodoDenesococassdetenAe 227, 228 IME. Machrocheilnsis pas chuchesseesse. pasate aaa 7 Macrostachya Schimper. .---.-...-...-..--....------ 171 Macrostachya Schimper .....---.------------.------- 166, 171 Macrostachya Hauchecornei Weiss. .--------.------ 166 Macrostachya infundibuliformis (Broun) Schimp .- - 168, 170, 295 Macrostachya longifolia Lx..............--------- 171, 284 Macrostachya Solmsii (Weiss) Schimp. --. 170 Macrostachya, relation of Cyclocladia to. ..--- - 167, 168 Marcy coal flora compared with Missouri flora. - 289 Marattiacece 3 124 Wario pteris) Ze len=ecimemletemta = eae eee 30-34, 285 Mariopteris acuta (Brongn.) Zeill..-...----------- 32, 33, 294 Mariopteris latifolia (Brongn.) Zeill.-.....--.-2---- 32,33 Mariopteris muricata (Schloth.) Zeill ........-.-.--- 20, 22, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 299, 300 Mariopteris nervosa (Brongn.) Zeill ---- 20, 30 32, 33, 34, 294, 300 Mariopteris sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill -- - 31-33, , 286, 294, 300 Pl. x1; figs.1,2; Pl. x. Mariopteris sp. 1D: Wi-------------- =. === 33-34, 294, 500 Pl. vu, fig.6; Pl. 1x, fig. 3 Mariopteris, relation of Pseudopecopteris to-...--. 21, 22,23 Wigan GREED s son ceccorisosca aes Sodessmooseatosseseosas 174 Meraloptenidere=e nsec mem= seine annem =e = 113-144 Megalopteris Dawson....-.....-..--------.--------- 128, 129 Megalopteris stock. ------------------- ee 128 Megaphyton Artis .-.....-..-.------ - 102-103 Megaphyton approximatum L. and H......--.-..--. 103 Megaphyton Goldenbergi Weiss ----------- 102-103, 286 Meschinelli, cited on Excipulites Callipteridis-..... 28 Mesocarboniferous of Missouri. --....------ Ss0 4 Mesocarboniferous, stage of Missouri flora in. .----- 305 Mississippian, relations of Lower Coal Measures WO) SoS Sp Spode toa sacocsecsods=scaneeads 6-9 Myriophyllites Artis... 2. <--o nee 171 Myriophyllites Sternberg..-.--.--.------.---.-------- 150 WORN Ty WIE Go sade ce coocc stereo soouscnbtccosciss 125, 129 Morris, Il., coal from Missouri compared with coal WN, Aas segs .-- 292,293 MymiothecayZeilere. co. ce tect ra elciaieleee mel=lereletniniai et 47 N. Page. Nathorst, discovery of Hysterites in Rhetic from .- 13 Nathorst, A.G.,on relation of Sigillaria rimosa and Sacamptotee niaesese sete ne ee ee eee ene 236 Neurocallipteris’Sterzele == <2 5 sees-- 22 eee e eee 129 Neurodoutopteris Potonié .......--..-..---...--- 124, 125, 129 jp Nemropterid eae teen cesses ert eee ee 124 Neuropteris Brongniart..--..-.....---.----.--.. 127-139 Neuropteris acuminata (Schloth.) Brongn-.--..----- 132 Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn ...--.-------..----- 133, 134 Neuropteris angustifolia Brongn. var. hirsuta Lx --. 134 Neuropteris coriacea Lx .-....---....-.--.------.--- 130 Neuropteris cordata Brongn .-.-..--..----------- 133, 134, 278 Neuropteris cordata Brongn. var. angustifolia Bunb. 136 Neuropteris decipiens Lx..--.-.-...-..--..--..----- 127 Neuropteris dilatata (L. and H.) Lx. 132, 137-139, 286, 295 Pi. Xu, fig. 6: Pl. xii, fig.1; Pl. xii; Pl. xiv, fig. 2 Neuropteris fasciculata Lx .......----.--- 127, LB, 286, 295 Neuropteris fimbriata lox 2-2 =< 2 =<. ne on eee 280 Neuropteris flexuosa Sternb - . 131, 279, 295, 300 Neuropteris gigantea Sternb.-..-....-......-.------ 128 Neuropteris heterophylla Brongn . - 128, 130 Neuropteris hirsuta Lx..-..--..-- - 127, 133, 134, 135 Neuropteris Loschii Brongn .--.-.---.---2.-.--.---- 279, 280 Neuropteris macrophylla Brongn ...-..--..-.------- 295 Neuropteris missouriensis Lx --.-.-. 130-132, 284, 295, 300 Pl. xu, figs. 4,5; Pl. xxi, fig.4; Pl. x.y, fig. 3 Neuropteris rarinervis Bunb..-.-..--. 130, 283, 295, 299, 300 Neuropteris Rogersit Kim) -..---.----- peceeee een e ee 134 Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm 132-136, 277, 279, 283, 284, 290, 295, 300 Pl. xxxv1, fig.4; Pl. xuu, fig.3; Pl. uxry, fig. d Neuropteris Scheuchzeri var. angustifolia (Brongn.) dp Peres en eh ais Roe Ra Be Wid oe eee 134, 277 Neuropteris Schlehani Stur-_..-..-..-.......-....... 299 Neuropteris suberenulata Rost .--...---.---.------- 14 Neuropteris tenuifolia Brongn. -........-.------.---- 280, 299 Neuropteris vermicularis Lx....-......-.--..--.---- 131 Neuropteris, supposed fruit compared to Hysterites. i4 oO. Odontopteris Brongniart .-------------- 125-127, 128,129 Odontopteris affinis Lx.-.....-...-.--.---------.---- 126, 127 Odontopteris Bradleyi Lx--..-...-.-..-..--- 125-127, 295 Pl. Xiu, fig. 2 Odontopteris cornuta Lx 126 Odontopteris deformata Lx .......-----..-.--------- 126 Odontopteris gennina Gr.’Ey -..-.------------------ 124 Odontopteris heterophylla Lx...-..--..-.------..--- 279 Odontopteris Lindleyana Sternb -..--..---.--.------ 295 Odontopteris obtusa Brongn .-.-.-.--------..--..--- 302 Odontopteris obtusiloba Naum....-..-.----------.--- 124 Odontopteris sphenopteroides Lx. ---- Spoc oles Odontopteris suberenulata Lx-....-..- =5 279 Odontopteris subcuneata Bunb -- 126,127 Odontopteris Wortheni Lx- ae ablip sey) Oligocarpia Geoppert--..------.----------------- 66-70, 73 Oligocarpia Alabamensis Lx ......---.---. 67, 68, 69, 70, 287 Oligocarpia Beyrichi Stur..-....-..-----.----------- 68 Oligocarpia Brongniartii Stur.-....--.--...--- 67, 68, 294, 300 Oligocarpia Gutbieri Goepp ----------------- 7, 69-70, 286 Oligocarpia missouriensis D. W..66-69, 70, 284, 287, 294, 300 Pl. xx, figs. 1,2; Pl. xx1, figs.1?, 2?,3,4 Oligocanpigisp Da Wise eee ee 66 Omphalophloios cyclostigma (Lx.) D. W. 218-230, 277, 284 Pl. Lxv; Pl. Xvi, figs. 1-5; Pl. uxyu, figs. 1,2; Pl. Lxvul, figs. 1, 2 ————— eee INDEX. 463 Page. Page. Ophioglossaceae 174 | Pecopteris lepidorachis Brongn...----.--..--------- 82, 102 Orogenic movements in Meso | Pecopteris mertensides Lx - SOUL aovobtessredassosoo Redd ctacepdacesones 8 | Pecopteris Miltoni Artis.....-------------.--------- 297 Orthogoniopteris Andrews.....--..------.---+.----- 141 | Pecopteris nervosa Brongn ...-.-.--+----+-+22+-- +222 30 Ovopteris Potonié.-...-.. 37,54 | Pecopteris newropteroides Boulay (non Kutorga) -. 27, 28 Ovopteris Brittsii (Lx.) Pot -...-...-.-- 53 | Pecopteris oreopteridia (Schloth.) Brongn .---...... 82, Ovopteris cherophyloides (Brongn.) Pot - 49 | 83, 90, 287, 295, 302 Ovopteris mixta (Schimp.) Pot ..-..---- 35 | Pecopteris penneformis Brongn ..-..---..----- 77, 78. 79, 287 Owens coal mine, plants from --- 2,6 | Pecopteris penne formis Brongn -....----------+++-+- 76 Ovopteris cristata (Brongn.) Pot ..-..--.-.---+------ 51 | Pecopteris platyrachis Brongn .---.-------.----..--- 82 f Pecopteris plumosa (Artis) Brongn -.--.---------- 77, 78, 284 12), Pecopteris plumosa (Artis?) Brongn ..-..----------- 75 Pecopteris polymorpha Brongn..-.-...--------------- 128, 297 Pachyphleus Goeppert.......--....-05.0-e secre nee 202 | Pecopteris pseudovestita D. W......--------------- 85-91 Pachyphyllum Lesquereux. 103 93, 95, 96, 121, 284, 287, 300 Pacbyphyllum affine Lx .....--.--------. 108 Pl. xxvitt, figs. 1,2, 2a; Pl. xxix; Pl. xxx; Pachyphyllum fimbriatum Lx _--.-------. - 108 | Pl. xxx, figs. 1,2,3?; Pl. XXxu, figs. 1,2 Pachyphyllum hirsutum Lx .....--1-.----+.--+-----+- 108 Pecopteris ptervides Brongn .--.--. == Bo 297 Pachyphyllum lactuea (Presl) Lx......--.---------+- 106 | Pecopteris Serlii Brongn ..-- 117 Pachytesta Brongniart.....-.--..-.----------------: 138 | Pecopteris serpillifolia Lx - 97 Pachytesta gigantea Brongn ...-......-------------- 268) | Pecopterisiserrula Lx.-.--..-------- 2-28 ee 71,73 Pachytesta incrassata Brongn .....----------------- 268 | Pecopteris squamosa Lx .-..-----.-. S4-S5, 286, 295 Pachytesta insignis .-...--.---.--------------------- 302 | Pecopteris triangularis Brongn..-- 5 75 Pachytesta intermedia Gr.’Ey 268 | Pecopteris vestita Lx 85 Paleobromelia Ettingshausen saaacétese auendoce teico 274 | Pecopteris vestita Lx.... 79,85, 91-94, 102, 121, 286, 295, 300 Palmostachya Weiss ...-...-.¢--.-----------5- +2 157 | Pl. xxxu, figs. 1-6; Pl. xxv1, fig.1 Palxostachya pedunculata Will .--..----..----- 157, 295, 300 | Pecopteris villosa Brongn .....--------.--------- 94, 102, 295 Paleoxyris Brongniart....-..------ -. 274-275 | Pecopteris Volkmanni Sauv..-..--..---------------- 300 Paleoxyris appendiculata Lx.-..--. 2ZYA-275, 274, 286, 296 | Pecopteris sp.D. W.---..-.---.--------------------- 72, 80, 85 Palxoxyris carbonaria Schimp...-.----------------- 274,296 | Pecopteris (Asterotheca) Candollei Brongn.-.-.------- 83 Palmacites Schlotheim ....-.------------------------ 230 | Pecopteris (Asterotheca) hemitelioides Brongn?. 79-80, 90 Palmacites variolatus Schloth.....-.--.------------- 241 Pl. XxxV, fig. 5 Palmacites verticillatus Schloth....-.----..--..--+- 179 | Pecopteris (Cyatheides) Candolleana Brongn .-...--- 83 Paromylacris clintoniana Scudder -.-.----.---------- 8 | Pecopteris (Cyatheides) dentata Brongn.--.----------. 75 Pecopteris Brongniart ... 60, 65, 74-97, 115, 125, 129, 251, 283 | Pecopteris (Cyatheites) linearis Gutbeeses eee ccs 70 Pecopteris abbreviata Brongn...--.-.-----.--- 90, 287, 299, 300 | Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) dentata Brongn..-.....-. 75-78 Pecopteris wqualis Brongn. ..---.------------------- 79 Pl. xxiv, figs. 1,2; Pl. xxv; Pecopteris ajinis Brongn .--.-- 83 Pl. xxv, figs. 2-4; Pl. xxvii Pecopteris arborescens (Sehloth.) Brongn - 78-79, | Pecopteris (Diplazites) cristatus Gutb 72 85, 93, 286, 295, 297, 302 | PI. xxxvu, fig. 3; Pl. xutv, fig.3; Pl. xivi, fig. 6? Pecopteris arborescens var. cyathea (Brongn.) Kidst- 295 Pecopteris aspera Brongn....--.-------------------- 299 Pecopteris Brongiartiana Presl.-.-------------------- 75 Pecopteris Candolleana Brongn Pecopteris Candolliana Brongn .-.. S3-S4, 286, 295, 297, 302 Pecopteris cheraphyloides Breuer 49 Pecopteris clintoni Lx ...---.---.-------------+-+--- bye 86, 88, 90, 91, 94-97, 121, 122, 286, 300 Pl. xxxiv; Pl. xxxv, fig. 4 Pecopteris clintoni Lx ....-.----------------------+-- 85 Pecopteris crenulata Brongn. .------------ 65, 66, 294, 299, 300 Pecopteris cristata Brongn --...--------------------- 50 Pecopteris cristata Gutb. (non Brongn.)-.--.--------- 72,13 Pecopteris cyathea (Schloth.) Brongn....-.--.------ 78, 85 Pecopteris Daubreei Zeill..--..----.---------------- 82 Pecopteris dentata Brongn -75, 77, 27 Pecopteris densifolia Goepp Pecopteris erosa Gutb -- 7, 278, 283, 284, 295, 299, 300 Pecopteris euneura Schimp.---- Pecopteris georgiana Lx ......-.-.--------+----+---+ 73 Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn... ----- 295, 297, 286, 302 Pecopteris integra (Andra) Schimp ---..-- 300 Pecopteris Jenneyi D. W .. SO-S4, 113, 284, 287, 295, 297, 302 83 | Pl. XXXVI, figs.1,2 | Pecopteris lamuriana Heer...-...-------------------- 295 Pecopteris sp. indet E 97 IRecopteridesssseepeeraaaet eee sem ecereeeseocaeee 71-97 Phanerogams - - 257-274 Phyllachora 128 Phyllachora, relation to Hysterites suggested by Sas Ssseo coco sso censSoantadceneerconanee doo 14 Phyllites mineralis Luid-. 132 Phytolithus stellatus Martin --- 159 Phytolithus tessellatus Stein --- 241 Phytolithus verrucosus Martin. ...-.-.--------------- 244 Pinnularia Lindley and Hutton ....--.---..-------- 171 Pinnularia capillacea L. and H ........--.-.-------. 172 Pinnularia columnaris , Artis) Zeill.--..--.--..----- 172, 300 Pinnularia palmatifida Lx...-..--..----.------------ 173 Pitcher’s coal mine, plants from..-..--..-.-.-.--.---- 2,6 Pittston coal flora compared with Missouri flora .... 289, 290 Poaordaites Grand’Eury ..-.-.-.---.---------------- 257, 258 Podozamites distans (Presl) Fr. Br.-..-..--..--.---- 13 Polygonum femina Mylius...-----.----------------- 151 Potonié, H., discovery of sheath in verticils of Annu- IWS Ny coscccobetasosocsesos baacadtesocasese 157 genus Neurodontopteris proposed by -..-..----- 129 opinion concerning systematic position of Sphe- nophyllum cited.-.--...---...-..-...-......- 174 researches in structure of Lepidophlois bolsters. 188, 203 Pottsville flora, relation of, to Missouri flora MATIOPFELISHM le stl atte stem clsl-lesimicle= aereleinels to = pl. 22. Sewage Irrigation, Part Il, by George W. Rafter. 1899. 8°. 100 pp. 7 pl. 23. Water-Right Problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead. 1899. 8°. 62 pp. 7 pl. 24, Water Resources of the State of New York, Part I, by George W. Rafter. 1899. 8°. 99 pp. 13 pl. 25. Water Resources of the State of New York, Part II, by George W. Rafter. 1899. 8°. 101-200 pp. 12 pl. 26. Wells of Southern Indiana (Continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 8°. 64 pp. 27. Operations at River Stations, 1898, Part I. 1899. 8°. 100 pp. 28. Operations at River Stations, 1898, Part II. 1899. 8°. 101-200 pp. In preparation: 29, Wells and Windmills in Nebraska, by Edwin H. Barbour. 30. Water Resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by Alfred C. Lane. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. When, in 1882, the Geological Survey was directed by law to make a geologic map of the United States there was in existence no suitable topographic map to serve as a base for the geologic map. The preparation of such a topographic map was therefore immediately begun. About one-fifth of the area of the country, excluding Alaska, has now been thus mapped. The map is published in atlas sheets, each sheet representing a small quadrangular district, as explained under the next head- ing. The separate sheets.are sold at 5 cents each when fewer than 100 copies are purchased, but when they are ordered in lots of 100 or more copies, whether of the same sheet or of different sheets, the price is 2 cents each. The mapped areas are widely scattered, nearly every State being represented. About 900 sheets have been engraved and printed; they are tabulated by States in’the Survey’s ‘‘List of Publications,” a pamphlet which may be had on application. The map sheets represent a great variety of topographic features, aud with the aid of descriptive text they can be used to illustrate topographic forms. This has led to the projection of an educational series of topographic folios, for use wherever geography is taught in high schools, academies, and colleges. Of this series the first folio has been issued, viz: 1. Physiographic types, by Henry Gannett, 1898, folio, consisting of the following sheets aud 4 pages of descriptive text: Fargo (N. Dak.-Minn.), a region in youth; Charleston (W.Va.), a region in maturity; Caldwell (Kans.), aregion in old age; Palmyra (Va.), a rejuvenated region; Mount Shasta, (Cal.), a young voleanic mountain; Eagle (Wis.), moraines; Sun Prairie (Wis.), drumlins; Donald- sonyille (La.), river flood plains; Boothbay (Me.), a fiord coast; Atlantic City (N.J.), a barrier-beach coast. GEOLOGIC ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES. The Geologic Atlas of the United States is the final form of publication of the topographic and geologicmaps. The atlasis issued in parts, progressively as the surveys are extended, and is designed ultimately to cover the entire country. Under the plan adopted the entire area of the country is divided into small rectangular districts (designated quadrangles), bounded by certain meridians and parallels. The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the maps and descriptions of each rectangular district are issued as a folio of the Geologic Atlas. Each folio contains topographic, geologic, economic, and structural maps, together with textual descriptions and explanations, and is designated by the name of a principal town or of a prominent natural feature within the district. Two forms of issue have been adopted, a “‘library edition” and a “field edition.” In both the sheets are bound between heavy paper covers, but the library copies are permanently bound, while the sheets and covers of the field copies are only temporarily wired together. Under the law a copy of each folio is sent to certain public libraries and educational institu- tions. The remainder are sold at 25 cents each, except such as contain an unusual amount of matter, which are priced accordingly. Prepaymentis obligatory. The folios ready for distribution are listed below. ro. | . . | eaten ran | Scat Area, in Price, No. | Nine of sheet. State. Limiting meridians. | Limiting parallels. square in | | | miles. cents. 15 avin & StON gee aoe ieli ee | Montana oh 1109-1119 45°-46° 3, 354 | 25 2| Ringgold ...... ee reat } 850-85° 30! | 34° 30/350 | 980 | 25 3 | Placerville..--. Californ 120° 30/-121° 38° 30'-39° | 932 25 4 | Kingston... .. Tennessee 2s 84° 30/-85° 35° 30'-36° | 969 25 5 | Sacramento-.-- California. .-.-.- 1219-121° 30/ 38° 20'-39° | 932 | 25 6) \'Chattanoorancesse-ieseececneces | Tennessee ------ 85°-85° 30/ 359-35° 30! | 975 | 25 7 | Pikes Peak (out of stock)..--.. Colorado....-..- 105°-105° 30/ 38° 30/399 | 932 | 25 SiINSSWaANBeseercet erence eee aces Tennessee 85° 30/-86° 359-359 30! | 975 | 25 9 | Anthracite-Crested Butte ....- 106° 45’-1079 15/ 38° 45/-39° | 465 | 50 10 | Harpers Ferry--......-....--.. West Virginia -. 77° 30'-78° | 39°-39° 30’ 925 | 25 i Maryland....... ADVERTISEMENT. Ix | Area, in Price, No. Name of sheet. State. Limiting meridians. Limiting parallels. square in & 4 miles. cents. Tl |) WXGA SaS5coersoccesssossoncd California..-.-.. 120° 30/-121° 380-389 30’ | 938 25 Virginia . os | 12) MEIstillvilleseseessjccccsceceoee se {ieentucky = 82° 30/-83° 36° 30/-379 957| 25 Tennessee 54 13 | Fredericksburg...........----- ESE coodo 772-770 30! 380-380 30! 938| 25 5 NN ginia - z irginia. -- ml ‘ 95 TAU EStanntonmeensetemesecs onset eee {west visginiae: \ 79°-79° 30! 380-380 30 938 | 25 15 | Lassen Peak. .......-...-5..... California... 1219-1229 409-419 38, 634 25 ee. ‘Tonnessee ..---- f 12K = on 16 | Knoxville-..-.+2-2+22-01-100+5 {North Carolina /|} 83° 30/-849 35° 30'-36° 925 | 25 fis |PMaryanalle semen ann sneim seco California.-..-...- 121° 30/-122° 39°-39° 30/ 925 25 18 |, Smartsville.---.-.--. 2 es. California. 121°-121° 30’ 39°-39° 30/ 925 25 . Alabama. . TG) || BUG Ge CO coe coeeconeeseeceee so {Georsin : 85° 30/-86° 34° 30'-85° 980 25 Tennessee 20 | Cleveland. . -| Tennessee -. 84° 30/-85° 35°-35° 30/ 975 25 21 | Pikeville .-.-. Tennessee -- 85°.-85° 30! 35° 30'-36° 969 25 22 | McMinnville. Tennessee ----- 85° 30/-86° 85° 30'-36° 969 25 DOT UNGMiniee ses ee os. seaeteces (yorgland. say 76° 30/70 389-380 30! 938| 25 24 | Three Forks------------------- Montana..-..-- 1119-1120 452-462 | 3, 354 50 PB || EOE) Nooo sean soausecodssooses Tennessee 6 849-819 30/ 35° 30/-36° 969 25 Virginia - - =| va | < 9 ' 7 : 26 TROLS JéSh Ss DObSSdOSQ0n600 {west Virginia .. \ 819-81° 30 379-379 30! 951 25 27 | Morristown.......-----..-....- Tennessee 83°-83° 30! 36°-36° 30/ 963 — 25 G Virginia .. be PAS)|| LENGG II) Mierocasosooorsecesacor {aaryland ascscoc 79°-79° 30° 399-399 30’ 925 25 D West Virginia. . 3 i Nevada City- 121° 00! 25//-121° 03! 45’ | 39° 13/ 50//-39° 17/ 16” 11. 65 29 | Nevada City...(Grass Valley.>| California .....- 121° 01! 35/’-121° 05’ 04/’ | 39° 10’ 22//-39° 13’ 50” 12. 09 50 Banner Hill . 120° 57! 05'-121° 00’ 25” | 39° 13’ 50/’-39° 17’ 16” 11. 65 i % Gallatin -- Yellowstone Na- )Canyon... Pein 6) re EAI = 30 { tiooel Bake. Shoshone. Wyoming ...--- 1109-1119 44°-450 3412) 75 ake ..... J | 31 | Pyramid Peak ........-..--.... California .-.-.- 120°-120° 30 38° 30/-39° 932 | 25 32 | Franklin (ereinie sgeaoce 799-799 30! 38° 30/-39° 932) 25 Z peeoe seca occa ooo aoe Cll Wes tiVirziniaes Att Z a) 33 | Briceville-.--- Tennessee ------ 849-849 30/ 36°-36° 30! 963 25 34 | Buckhannon. West Virginia -. 80°-80° 30/ 38° 30/-39° 932 25 35 | Gadsden --.-- Alabama.......- 86°-86° 30/ 34°-34° 30/ 986 25 36 | Pueblo...-... Colorado. . 5 104° 30/-105° 389-38° 30/ 938 | 50 37 | Downieville .-- -| California. 120° 30/-121° 39° 30'-40° 919 | 25 38 | Butte Special... --| Montana. - --] 112° 29/ 30/'-112° 36’ 42” | 45° 59’ 28/460 02! 54!’ 22,80 | 50 39 | Truckee .-...-. --| California......- 120°-120° 30/ 39°-39° 30/ 925 | 25 40 | Wartburg . -| Tennessee -- 84° 30/-85° 369-362 30/ 963 25 41 | Sonora..-.-. California .-. 1209-120° 30/ 37° 30/-38° 944 25 42 | Nueces ..-... ‘Texas -.-..- 100°-100° 30/ 29° 30/-30° 1,035 | 25 43 | Bidwell Bar - California 1219-1219 30! 39° 30/-40° 918 | 25 44 | Tazewell } 81° 30/-82° 379-3792 30! | 950 | 25 (A) TBO) oeoenpoodoodsseossbescds nd'ahowsecceeeee 116°-116° 30’ 43° 30/-44° 864 | 25 46 | Richmond - Kentucky - 849-84° 30/ 87° 30/-38° 944 25 47 | London Kentucky -- §4°-84° 30/ 379-379 30! 950 | 25 48 | Tenmile District Special. - Colorado. -. 106° 8/-106° 16’ | 39° 22’ 30-399 30! 30’ 55 | 25 490 PRosebure -.2--\---5------- nee Oregon ....- ze 123°-123° 30! 43°-43° 30! 871 25 BOM olyokoes <2. 22-.=s4-c.524-25) Korres 722 30'-730 490-490 30! 885 | 25 STATISTICAL PAPERS. Mineral Resources of the United States [1882], by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii, 813 pp. Price 50 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8°. xiv, 1016 pp. Price 60 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technolo 1886. 8°. vii,576 pp. Price 40 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1886, by David T. Day. 1887. 8°. vili,813 pp. Price 50 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8°. vii,832 pp. Price 50 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888, by David T.Day. 1890. 8°. vii, 652 pp. Price 50 cents. ; Mineral Resources of the United States, 1889 and 1890, by David T. Day. 1892. 8°. viii, 671 pp. Price 50 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1891, by David T. Day. 1893. 8°. vii, 630 pp. Price 50 cents. gy. x ADVERTISEMENT. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1892, by David T. Day, 1893. 8°. vii,850 pp. Price 50 cents. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1893, by David T. Day. 1894. 8°. viii, 810 pp. Price 50 cents. On March 2, 1895, the following provision was included in an act of Congress: “Provided, That hereafter the report of the mineral resources of the United States shall he issued as a part of the report of the Director of the Geological Survey.” In compliance with this legislation the following reports have been published: Mineral Resources of the United States, 1894, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1895. 8°. xy, 646 pp., 23 pl.; xix, 735 pp., 6 pl. Being Parts III and IV of the Sixteenth Annual Report. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1895, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1896. 8°. xxiii, 542 pp., 8 pl. and maps; iii, 543-1058 pp., 9-13 pl. Being Part III (in 2 vols.) of the Seventeenth Annual Report. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1896, David Tf. Day, Chief of Division. 1897. 8°, xii, 642 pp., 1 pl.; 643-1400 pp. Being Part V (in 2 vols.) of the Nineteenth Annual Report. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1897, David T. Day, Chief of Division. 1898. 8°. viii, 651 pp., 11 pl.; viii, 706 pp. Being Part VI (in 2 vols.) of the Nineteenth Annual Report. The money received from the sale of the Survey publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the Secretary of that Department declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage stamps; all remit- tances, therefore, must be by MONEY ORDER, made payable to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, or in cuRRENCY—the exact amount. Correspondence relating to the publications of the Survey should be addressed to Tyr DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C., June, 1899. WASHINGTON, D. C. Series. Author. Subject. [Take this leaf out and paste the separated titles upon three of your cata- logue cards. The tirst and second titles need no addition; over the third write that subject under which you would place the book in your library.| LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. United States. Department of the interior. (U.S. geological survey.) Department of the interior |— | Monographs | of the | United States geological survey | Volume XXXVII | [Seal of the depart- ment] | Washington | government printing office | 1899 Second title: United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, director |— | Fossil flora | of the | lower coal meas- ures | of | Missouri | by | David White | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1899 4°. xi, 467 pp. 73 pl. White (David). United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di- rector | — | Fossil flora | of the | lower coal measures | of | Mis- souri | by | David White | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1899 4°, xi, 467 pp. 73 pl. {UNITED States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) Monograph XXXVIT.} United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di- rector | — | Fossil flora | of the | lower coal measures | of | Mis- souri | by | David White | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1899 4°, xi,467 pp. 73 pl. (Unirep States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) Monograph XXXVI.) Cerwrey Genet ee wee oee te reee n= ty perio hater eee retro) ee eae