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Montana Farm RjviewVol. 2
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Montana State Librai
3 0864 1004 5711 1
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
FOR 1923 VOLUME 2
Issued by
THE MONTANA COOPERATIVE CROP REPORTING SERVICE
GEORGE A. SCOTT, Agricultural Statistician, HELENA, MONTANA.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Washington, D. C. H. C. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau
and
MONTANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE I Helena, Montana
CHESTER C. DAVIS, Commissioner Co-operating.
JOINT BULLETIN
This Publication is Issued and Circulated by Authority of the State of Montana.
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Foreword
Volume 1 of the MONTANA FARM REVIEW contains a historical sketch of the state's agriculture, together with compilations of the records of crop and livestock production as far back as available, while this and succeeding volumes contemplate only information for the last current year, with some comparative data.
The information herein contained has been collected and compiled by the Montana Co-oi)erative Crop Reporting Service, which is the Montana unit of the Division of Crop and Livestock Estimates, Bureau of Agricul- tural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture, co-operating with the Montana State Department of Agriculture, and with the Extension Service of the Montana State College.
Except where otherwise noted, the figures given are estimates of this Division of the United States Department of Agriculture. These data are based chiefly upon monthly information submitted by more than three thousand voluntary reporters, the annual farm census taken by the county assessors, records of the movement of farm and range produce submitted by railroads, supplemented by information from many other sources. To these individuals and agencies must be given the credit for making possible the collection of data on Montana's agriculture.
The figures showing the farm values of crops produced and the total values of livestock on hand must not be interpreted to mean the net wealth produced by the farmers and stockmen, nor the amount of cash received, but should be viewed in a relative sense.
In accordance with established practice, the estimates of crop acreages and production for 1923 are subject to final revision in December, 1924. Livestock numbers for January 1, 1924, are likewise subject to revision in January, 1925.
The MONTANA FARM REVIEW^ itself is widely distributed and is intended to serve as an accurate, uncolored source of information concern- ing Montana's agricultural production ; the geographic range and distribu- tion of crops and livestock ; and the trend of changes that are now taking place in agriculture within this state. From it those who are interested or who hope to become interested in agriculture in Montana can secure dependable information on what the state grows, and where and in what quantity its production is found.
CHESTER C. DAVIS. GEORGE A. SCOTT,
Commissioner of Agriculture. Agricultural Statistician.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK 3
Livestock
The trends and shifts in livestock production in the state that were in evidence in 1922 continued in more pronounced fashion during 1923. There was a very heavy liquidation in beef cattle, a continued expansion in sheep, and still larger proportionate gains in milk cows, hogs, poultry, and bees, while the cash income ' from horses was very small compared with several years ago. Grass on ranges was generally abundant, and a large supply of feeds was raised.
(See tables for information as to numbers, values, gross receipts, etc.)
Beef Beef cattle production, the leading branch of the livestock industry
Cattle in Montana, met with severe reverses again in 1923, in the form of
low market values for range cattle, local financial difficulties which would not permit of further extensions of much needed credit, and (comparatively high production costs. Most cattle went on summer ranges in good shape, and ranges were for the most part excellent throughout the season, while the supplies of winter feeds produced were more than adequate for normal requirements. But growers found it necessary to sacrifice many stock cows, calves, and much immature stuff. As a result more cattle were shipped from the state in 1923 than in any other year in the history of the state, except 1918 and 1919, when grass and feed crops were short, and prices very favorable. On the whole, cattlemen are yet in a distressed financial condition, although a ray of hope is seen now and then, and those who have been able thus far to stay in the business hope for an improvement in 1921. The mild winter of 1923-'24 enabled stockmen to winter their herds at about minimum expense and still maintain them in generally splendid shape. More cattle were fattened on corn and other feeds in the state in 1923 than usual, which is encouraging; but it will probably be some time before any considerable percentage of the annual output of cattle is fattened before shipment to markets.
Sheep The production of sheep and wool continued on the upgrade during
1923. Both lambs and wool brought a profit to the growers. The sheep industry is also carrying a heavy burden of debt, but the two favorable years just passed have enabled the sheepman to strengthen his financial holds. There was a moderate exipansion in numbers of sheep in the state last year, but many owners found it expedient to sell practically all of their ewe lambsl. The 1923 wool clip was quite generally satisfactory both as to quality and weight. It seems that sheepmen are drifting away from the custom of contracting their clips in advance of or at shearing time, and are selling more wool through local pools and associations, largely on a con- signment basis.
Hogs The increase in hog production gained momentum in 1923, which is in
line with state-wide diversification tendencies. This expansion was by far the most pronounced in the corn-growing counties. At the end of the year there were as many hogs in the state as ever before, if not more. Most of our hogs are used locally and by packing establishments within the state. The bulk of the shipments out of the state go to markets to the west of us.
Montana leads all the states in avejrage production of surplus honey
and per colony over the ten-jear period 1913-1921, with an average yield
Honey of 82 pounds per colony. Wyoming stands second with an average
of 80 pounds, and the average for the entire country for the same
period is 46.1 pounds. In 1923 the average yield of honey per colony in Montana was
118 pounds, which was exceeded by North Dakota, but compares with the United States
1923 average of 39.1 pounds.
4 MONTANA FARM REVIEW
A steady and healthy expansion in apiculture is in progress. The 1920 census showed t^bout 12,000 colonies then in the state, and the estimated number of colonies for 1923 is 17,000. The estimated income from honey and wax in 1923 was $170,000.
Horses liittle intere§t was manifest in the raising of horses during 1923, due
to very slow demand and low values. Only about enough breeding was done to maintain numbers ; but for light losses on the ranges, there probably would have been a substantial decrease in numbers.
Poultry Montana farmers are raising more poultry than ever before. The
last census showed that about three and one-quarter million chickens were raised in the state in 1919, and more than eleven and four-fifths million dozen of eggs produced. The receipts from the sales of chickens and eggs in 1919 amounted to $2,160,209. In 1923 about 3,500,000 chickens were raised, and over sixteen million dozen of eggs produced. The receipts from sales of chickens and eggs for this year are esti- mated to be $2,591,000.
Prices received for poultry and eggs have generally been unsatisfactory during 1923. Local demands are easily satisfied. More attention is being given to the marketing side of the enterprise, and the State Department of Agriculture has recently established grades for eggs, and, in cooperation with the Extension Department of the State College, has devised a workable plan for producers to have their eggs officially graded at shipping point. The application of such a system should aid in eliminating from market channels many eggs of inferior quality, greatly improve the average quality of eggs marketed, and insure better prices to the producer.
Turkey raising expanded greatly in 1923, most of the increase taking place in the counties east of the Divide. The climatic conditions of Montana and the feeds grown here are important factors favoring the production of turkeys. Much progress was made in marketing the turkey crop, through demonstrations in dressing and grading turkeys, conducted over the state by the State College Extension Service, by the market news service handled by the State Department, and by the functioning of several cooperative marketing associations. Prices received for turkeys were mostly very unsatisfactory. The estimated gross farm income from turkeys in 1923 was $473,000.
MUk Cows Commercial dairying in Montana has received great impetus within
and the last two years. From 1919 to 1922 inclusive, the increase in the
Dairying output of dairy products within the state was not so rapid. The
increase in 1922 over 1919 was about 40% in creamery butter, the output of cheese decreased, and ice cream remained nearly stationary. The year 1923 showed an increase of over 50% in the output of creamery butter over any previous year. Reports from most of the creameries for the first three months of 1924 show an increase of about 10%' over the same period of 1923 in the production of creamery butter. There are si3d;y-five creameries now in oi)eration in Montana, or fifteen more than in 1919. Four county cow-testing associations are reported as organized and functioning on April 1, 1924. Considerable advance registry work is being done by the owners of purebred herds of the Guernst^y, Jersey, Holstein and Brown Swiss breeds. Many dairy cattle are being brought into Montana from outside of the state and a constantly increasing number of farmers are turning to dairying as the principal part of their agricultural operations. A much larger number, however, are limiting their dairy operations, milking enough cows to furnish a sufficient in<'orae for current expenses in the home, and making it a part of their plan for diversification of their agricultural activities.
Best estimates obtainable for the producti(m of dairy products in 1924 would indicate an increase of at least 25% in the production of creamery butter over 1923 with a substantial increase in the production of cheese, and the production of ice cream remaining about stationary. It seems at this time, from best sources of information obtainable, that prices for creamery butter will hardly remain at the level of 1923.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK
NUMBERS AND VALUES OF MONTANA LIVESTOCK ON FARMS AND RANGES
(1920-1924)
|
Montana Livestock on Farms & Ranges |
Total Number |
Average Value |
Total Value |
||
|
Horses : |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
643,000 643,000 670,000 669,000 669,000 |
1 $31.00 38.00 41.00 50.00 61.00 |
119,933,000 |
|
1923 |
24,434,000 |
||||
|
1922 1921 |
27,470,000 33,450,000 |
||||
|
1920 |
40,809,000 |
||||
|
Mules: |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 |
55.00 60.00 69.00 87.00 1 92.00 |
495,000 |
|
1923 |
540,000 |
||||
|
1922 |
621,000 |
||||
|
1921 |
783,000 |
||||
|
1920 |
828,000 |
||||
|
Milk Cows: |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
194,000 173,000 160,000 156,000 153,000 |
1 53.00 55.00 58.00 75.00 .83.00 |
10,282.000 |
|
1923 |
9,515,000 |
||||
|
1922 |
9,280,000 |
||||
|
1921 |
11,700,000 |
||||
|
1920 |
12,799,000 |
||||
|
Other Cattle |
: Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
1,222,000 1,273,000 1,260,000 1,080,000 1,116,000 |
1 27.60 1 30.90 1 27.20 35.40 46.80 |
33,727,000 |
|
1923 |
39,336,000 |
||||
|
1922 |
34,272,000 |
||||
|
1921 1920 |
38,232,000 54,288,000 |
||||
|
All Cattle: |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
1,416,000 1,446,000 1,420,000 1,236,000 1,269,000 |
1 31.08 1 33.78 1 30.60 1 44.78 I 52.85 |
44,009,000 |
|
1923 - - |
48,851,000 |
||||
|
1922 |
43,552,000 |
||||
|
1921 |
49,932,000 |
||||
|
1920 |
67,087,000 |
||||
|
Sheep: |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
2,370.000 2,270,000 2,270,000 1,973,000 2,083,000 |
1 8.70 1 8.70 1 4.70 1 5.80 1 10.40 |
20,619,000 |
|
1923 |
19,749,000 |
||||
|
1922 — - 1921 |
10,669,000 11,443.000 |
||||
|
1920 |
21,663,000 |
||||
|
Swine ■ |
Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 Jan. 1 |
1924 |
270,000 225,000 180,000 160.000 167,000 |
1 11.20 1 13.20 1 13.10 1 16.50 1 20.00 |
3.024.000 |
|
1923 |
2.970.000 |
||||
|
1922 |
2,358,000 |
||||
|
1921 |
2.640,000 |
||||
|
1920 |
3,340.000 |
TOTAL VALUES OF ABOVE CLASSES OF LIVESTOCK IN MONTANA:
1924 * % 88,080,000
1923 96,544,000
1922 : 84.671,000
1921 98,248,000
1920 133,727,000
|
Jan. |
1^ |
|
Jan. |
1, |
|
Jan. |
1, |
|
Jan. |
1, |
|
Jan. |
1, |
MONTANA WOOL PRODUCTION
1919
1920
Wool Produced (thousands of pounds)
Montana's Rank with other States
18,267
3d
16,000
5th
1921
16,400
5th
1922
16,770
4th
1923
17,775
3d
MONTANA CALF AND LAMB CROPS, AND LOSSES OF CATTLE AND SHEEP
Year
Calf Crop» I Per Cent
Lamb Crop* Per Cent
Cattle Losses^ ' Per Cent
Sheep Losses* Per Cent
1922 1923
70
75
73
11
Based upon number of cows and ewes of breeding age on hand at the beginning of the year. Based upon the total number of cattle and sheep on hand at the beginning of the year.
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
NUMBERS OF HORSES, CATTLE AND SHEEP BY COUNTIES.
(As shown by Assessors to State Board of Equalization, 1923)
|
District and County |
All Horses |
All Cattle |
All Sheep |
|
NORTHWESTERN DISTRICT Flathead |
4,004 1,817 4,581 15,829 16,146 5,421 11,689 4.422 11,899 9,784 6,093 10,221 19,223 10,028 • 14,651 27,794 1,383 3,287 559 3,113 3,984 5,727 2,836 4,511 10,375 25.994 5.754 3.941 7.578 5.250 4.993 6.604 5.469 15.406 16,329 17,956 10.936 14.927 6.054 12.594 9.271 1.926 8.485 10.796 6.231 8,801 5.817 12.160 7,274 11.828 10.779 1 9.598 1 12.790 1 9.497 I 2,727 1 |
9,014 2,676 8,119 36,655 25,982 17,669 13,667 5,954 13,564 19.435 6.379 10.352 25.946 13,878 18.636 28,276 4.810 11.254 718 9.123 16.263 19,347 9.332 14.676 29,875 52,016 11.114 14,448 25.319 28.676 22.551 12.600 22.870 20.034 22.455 18.048 13.404 18,202 7.496 81.413 36,608 6.072 18,120 21.394 22.614 20.040 23.531 19.732 60.001 26.313 1 28.038 I 13.751 1 44.809 [ 22.931 1 7.866 1 |
3,287 76 1.256 103,458 35,281 23.475 13.960 5.988 15,632 32,081 26,919 3,668 50,120 900 |
|
Lincoln |
|||
|
Lake |
|||
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NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICT Blaine |
|||
|
Chouteau |
|||
|
Glacier |
|||
|
Hill |
|||
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Liberty |
|||
|
Pondera |
|||
|
Teton |
|||
|
Toole |
|||
|
NORTHEASTERN DISTRICT Daniels |
|||
|
Phillips : |
|||
|
Roosevelt |
|||
|
Sheridan |
7,683 65,446 5,366 8.933 14 |
||
|
Valley |
|||
|
WEST CENTRAL DISTRICT Deer Lodge |
|||
|
Granite |
|||
|
Mineral |
|||
|
Missoula |
1,667 90,416 18,895 |
||
|
Powell .... |
|||
|
Ravalli |
|||
|
Sanders |
2.826 |
||
|
CENTRAL DISTRICT Broadwater |
25.250 74.386 49.201 11.004 1.953 |
||
|
Cascade |
|||
|
Fergus , |
|||
|
Golden Valley „ Jefferson . . |
|||
|
Judith Basin ;.. Lewis & Clark .., Meagher , |
32,632 64.162 128.689 |
||
|
Musselshell Wheatland .... |
9.029 60.200 |
||
|
EAST CENTRAL Dawson , . . Garfield ....!.......;.. McCone * |
10.928 52.850 27.734 |
||
|
Prairie Richland : Wibaux SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT Beaverhead Madison Silver Bow |
10,127 1.501 2.513 156.346 115.457 7.270 |
||
|
SOUTH CENTRAL DISTRICT Carbon Gallatin Park 1 |
24 .^01 16.048 45.735 |
||
|
Stillwater I Sweet Grass Yellowstone |
26.937 76.856 38.246 |
||
|
SOUTHEASTERN DISTRICT Big Horn I Carter ! |
12.123 75.704 |
||
|
Cuatei" 1 Fallon 1 Powder River 1 Rosebud 1 Treasure I |
29.514 8.679 20.762 57.461 7.437 |
||
|
STATE TOTALS 1 |
497,142 1 |
1.114.066 1 |
1.798.582 |
DIVERSIFICATION SIGNS— About 160,000 acres more land were devoted to inter- tilled crops in Montana in 1923 than in the previous year. The acreage growing strictly feed crops in 1923 was 216,000 acres greater than in 1922. The number of milk cows in the state increased 12 per cent in 1023, and the number of hogs 20 per cent. A big in- crease in the number of turkeys raised was noted, and more chickens and eggs were produced than ever before. A part of the increase in the numbers of sheep in the state was due to the establishment of more farm flocks.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK
MILK COWS BY COUNTIES. Estimated numbers, January 1, 1924.
Number of
County Milk Cows
Flathead 5,000
Lincoln 1,300
Lake , 2,200
Blaine 4,200
Chouteau 4,000
Glacier 400
Hill 4,800
Liberty 900
Pondera 3,800
Teton 3,400
Toole 1,500
Daniels 2,700
Phillips ,. 4,700
Roosevelt 4,300
Sheridan 6,800
Valley! , 2,900
Deer Lodge 1,400
Granite 2,600
Mineral 400
Missoula 5,000
Powell ■. 3,300
Ravalli : 9,000
Sanders 2,200
Broadwater 2,200
Cascade 6,000
Pergruq 9,400
Golden Valley 2,700
Jefferson 4,000
Judith Basin 4,200
County Lewis & Clark.
Meagher
Musselshell
"WTieatland
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux :
Beaverhead
Madison .—
Silver Bow
Carbon
Gallatin
Park
Stillwater
Sweet Grass .... Yellowstone ......
Big Horn
Carter?
Custer
Fallon
Powder River ..
Rosebud)
Treasure
Num Milk
ber of Cows
3,800 1,900 4,000 3,800 3,500 1,800 1.600 2,100 5.300 3,000 2,00Q 4,700 3,800 4.800 7,600 4,000 4,400 3,200 8,400 2,400 1,000 3,000 3,300 800 2,700 1,800
STATE TOTAL 194,000
D/sfr/bufion nf MILK COIVS January t, I9Z4-. Loco f ion of CffEAMERIES and CHE£^E:r/ICTOR/E5 I9ZS.
LIVESTOCK GRAZED ON NATIONAL FORESTS— For the year 1922, the U. S. Forest Service reports that 644,000 head of sheep and over 165,000 head of cattle and horses were grazed on the National Forests in Montana. ■'•
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS. (Data supplied by Dairy Division, Montana Department of Apiculture.)
Year
Number of Creameries Operating
Butter Made (pounds)
Number of
Cheese
Factories
Operating-
Ciieese Made (pounds)
1921 1J22 1!)23
Ice Cream Made
(gallons)
53
57 66
7,464.679
7,815.847
10,721,595«
158.559 188,889= 250,000*
481,160 355,041* 711,762»
» Estimated about 50,000 pounds were not reported.
•Reports of cheese manufactured for 1922 were very incomplete.
" Reports incomplete.
♦Estimated that only about one-half of Ice Cream manufactured was reported for 1922.
•Probably about 100,000 gallons not reported.
CATTLE SHIPMENTS FROM MONTANA. (Data fumiohed by Secretary of Livestock Commission of Montana.)
Average Number
of head
shipped out
1885-1894 ave. 10 yrs.
1895-1904 ave. 10 yrs.
1905-1914 ave. 10 yrs.
1915-1923 ave. 9 yrs.
-168.117 .219,000 .222.496 .303.366
Number of
head shipped out
1919 641,337
1920 211,242
1921 147,413
1922 246,000
1923 342,687
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OUTPUT or CATTLt FROM MONTANA Bu Years -1885 to 1923 |
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CROPS GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION— The acreage of irrigated lands devoted to tame and wild haj's exceeds the combined acreage of all other crops under irrigation. More than 90 per cent of the wheat acreage is not irrigated. Less than one-fifth of the oats acreage, about one-third of the barley acreage, and a small percentage of the corn licreage, are under irrigation. Sugar beets for sugar are grown only under irrigation, and this is largely true for seed peas.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK 9
Relative Farm Receipts from the Sale of Montana Livestock and Livestock Products for 1923>
v-^
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Hogs 7.1%
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Livestock Stockmen have asked the Department of Agriculture for a long time
Reporting for current reports regarding the livestock situation, so that they
might have definite information upon which to base necessarily fre- quent decisions concerning time of marketing, whether to increase or decrease their holdings, and related problems. Accordingly, late in 1922 this Division began issuing monthly reports on livestock. In this work advance estimates are made of the supplies of the different classes of stock that will be available for market at various times from different sections of the country; monthly reports are issued on the condition of stock and ranges in the seventeen western range states, and on feed supplies in various sections; and other items of value and interest are covered briefly, in order that stockmen may have a general view of the livestock situation over the entire country. These reports are based mainly upon information received direct from thousands of stockmen, from records of rail movements, and from several other sources.
10
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
D>strit>vf>on oT fJFEF CATTLE 'Rffa/ numer Jon. I. /dZ^a- /,ZZ2.000.
|
t |
% |
'mmsm |
|
ZX : : /■ ■■■■■^■■■■■■■■■- |
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|
fiach idof represenh JOO head |
D/sfr,buf/on nf SHEEP Tbfo/ nt/mber January /, /S24 — B.SVO.OOO.
Each dc^ represents 600 Mead.
IRRIGATED AREA IN MONTANA— The Montana Irrigation Commission, in 1920, reported 2,136,974 acres of land actually irrigated, with 885,543 acres more to be ir- rigated soon under plans or works completed at that time. The Commission estimated that an additional 2,266,000 acres were feasible of irrigation. The irrigated area within the state is steadily being enlarged by the completion of new projects, and by the exten- sion and improvement of many older ones.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK
11
|
Tofof |
D^sfr>bu/fon ar HOGS number January f, t92'^ - 270,000. |
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|
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ESTIMATED GROSS FARM RECEIPTS FROM MONTANA FARMS AND RANCHES, 1923.
INCOME FROM CROPS SOLD:
Winter wheat % 8,200,000
Spring- wheat 27,838,000
Oats 1,510,000
Barley 161,000
Rye 190,000
Flax 1,496,000
Corn 400,000
Hay 3,930,000
Potatoes 940,000
445,000 880,000 506,000 210,000
50,000 300,000
70,000
Apples I
Beans ^
Peas (seed & canning)
Alfalfa seed
Misc. seed crops
Truck crops sold
Misc. fruits
Sug-ar beets 2,725,000
Wood products sold (from farms) 550,000
TOTAL INCOME FROM CROPS $50,401,000
(Estimated total farm value of all crops prdouced in 1923, $95,917,000)
INCOME FROM LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SOLD:
Cattle (for meat) $20,930,000
Sheep and lambs 7,117,000
Wool 7,643,000
Milk and milk products 6,753,000
Hogs 3,600,000
All poultry and eggs 3,153,000
Horses 400,000
Honey and wax 170,000
TOTAL INCOME FROM SALE OF LIVESTOCK AND THEIR PRODUCTS $ 49,766,000
GRAND TOTAL $100,167,000*
•There is a small percentage of duplication of income here, since it includes the value of some hay and other feeds sold by farmers to feed stock which are later sold by others.
MONTANA'S HAY CROP — ^Hay ranks second in importance among all the crops in the state, both of acreage and in value. Approximately 25 per cent of the total cropped area in 1923 was devoted to tame and wild hay combined. Practically all of the hay grown is used in the state; less than three per cent is usually shipped out.
12
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Estimated Receipts by Counties of All Livestock and Livestock Products Sold in 1923.
(In millions of dollars)
Beoi^erheod ....
Fergus
Modison
Blaine
Meagher
Cascade
Big Horn
Valley
YellokV'Sfone
Lems Si Clark..
3\^eefgrass
Carier
Phillips
Powell
Potyder Piver..
Wheatland.
Posebud.
Gallalin
Ravalli
Park
Chofeau
Garfield
Judiih Basin
Custer.
Stillwater.
Carbon
Teton
Sheridan
McCone
Richland
Dav\/son
Broadyvater.
Hill
Pondera _
Flathead.
Musselshell.
Glacier.
Poosevelt —
Missoula
Prairie
Fallon
Jefferson
Golden Vol/ei^...
Granite
Daniels.........
Toole
Wibaux.
Treasure
Silver Bo^v.
Sanders.
Liberty
Deer Lodge.
Lincoln
Mineral.
MONTANA LIVESTOCK
13
Estimated Combined Receipts from Livestoclc and Livestock Products Soid and Value of All
Crops Produced in 1923— By Counties.
(in miiiions of dollars)
4
Fergus
Yelloyyzfone.. Beoi^erheod.
Cascac/e
Ga/hf/n
Sheridan
JudHh Basin....
Madison
Valley
Blaine
Fai/alli.
Tefon
Phillips
Flathead
Big Horn
Carbon
Chateau
Richland.
3fillv\/aler
Pondera
Parh
Roose\/elf
Missou/a
Daniels
Lem's Si Clark.
Datv<5on
3h<eefgrass
Potvell
Wheatland
Garfield
Meagher.
Rosebud
McCone
Hill
Cusfer.
fhtvder Ri\/er...
Carter
Broady\^ter.
Fallon
Musselshell
Prairie
Golden Valley- Granite
Jefferson ....
Wibaur...
Glacier.
Treasure
Sanders
Deer Lodge
Tba/e
Liberty
Silver Boiv...
Lincoln
Mineral
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14
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Estimated Total Farm Value of All Crops Produced in 1923 — By Counties. (In millions of dollars)
Go//af/n Cascade Sheridan Judifh Basin Beoi/srhead
Teton
Flathead.
Rov^alli
Vat/ey
fr'ichland.
Carbon
Mod/son
Phi//ips
Missoula
Roose\/e/t.
ChoteaU
Pondera
Daniels
Blaine
StUlyyater.
Bighorn
Pork
Dawson .
Mc Cone
Hill
Garfield.
Wheatland.
Leivis $, Clark
Powell
Sweeigrass
Fallon
Broadwater.
Rosebud.
Musselshell
Prairie
Custer
Golden Valley...
Wibaux
Granite
Jefferson
Treasure
Powder River
Meagher.
Sanders
Carter.
Glacier
Deer Lodge
Lincoln
Liberty
Silver Bow.
Too/e
Mineral
MONTANA CROPS 15
Montana Crops in 1923
Largest The farmers of Montana in 1923 produced the largest total crop ton-
Total Crop nage in the history of the state. This includes the second largest Tonimge wheat crop ever raised, one of the largest hay crops, and by far the
biggest harvest of corn, while the production of oats, barley, sugar beets, apples, beans, and a few other minor crops was above the average for recent years. This great tonnage was harvested in the face of not a few adverse factors which seriously operated against normal yields in parts of the state.
Net Farm Considering the state as a whole, the year 1923 may be regarded as
Returns a fairly successful one so far as yields and production alone are
Low concerned. But from the standpoint of net returns to farmers it
furnished great disappointment, mainly because of the low market
value of wheat. One can realize how seriously this has affected our farmers, when
It is recalled that more than 70 per cent of the cash crop income of Montana farmers
normally comes from the sale of wheat. In addition to this, practically all other
products of the farm had a very low purchasing power in terms of other commodities,
including labor. It is noteworthy that low market values particularly applied both to
wheat and to cattle, which are the two most important products of Montana's farms
and ranges.
The total value of all crops produced in 1923 exceeded by about two and one-third million dollars that of the 1922 crops, the decreased value of wheat being more than offset by the increased total values of corn, oats, flax, sugar beets, barley, apples, beans and a few others.
More General tendencies toward diversification and the attempts of farmers
Diversification to find lines of profitable production were reflected in the shifts be- tween crop acreages that took place in 1923. Wheat acreage was cut down to make room for more feed crops, such as corn, oats, barley and hay; while more flax, sugar beets and beans were grown as sources of cash income. In line with such changes in crops, farmers increased their holdings of milk cows, hogs and poultry. These changes indicate definitely that Montana farmers are growing into diver- sified farming steadily, and probably as rapidly as they should under prevailing conditions.
Total The estimated total area in crops in 1923 was 6,848,000 acres, which
Cropped is about 90,000 acres more than in 1922. The total acreage has more
Area than held its own despite the fact that quite a number were forced
to leave their farms after the 1922 crop season, due to the continued low prices for farm produce following several years of adversity. Several factors con- tributed toward maintaining the total area in crops. The average acreage of wheat and corn per farm was larger than ever before, more summer-fallow and com ground were available for seeding in 1923 than in former years; corn took the place of much summer-fallow ; there was more tame hay, mainly on non-irrigated lands ; and there was some new land broken out, mostly for flax.
Crop Growing A late spring delayed seeding of crops. Moisture conditions were Conditions, generally favorable up until June, although not entirely so for all 1923 localities. Short periods of drouth and hot winds during the grow-
ing season injured the prospects for small grains in about the eastern fifth of the state, and caused poor average yields in that section. Black rust was responsible for some additional loss in the eastern counties. Heavy June rains over practically all of the state were extremely beneficial, but were excessive in places, and
le
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
caused local losses from floods. Later rains furnished quite generally adequate moisture for growing crops. Hail took a heavier toll of crops than usual. Grasshoppers pre- sented a serious problem in localities in every district of the state. This pest did the greatest damage in the north central "Triangle," where they appeared early in the season and made almost a clean sweep over a considerable part of that section, after which most of them left. Poisoning campaigns in several counties were effective in sav- ing crops from ruin. In all, the hoppers caused a heavy loss in both crops and in grass for stock, most of which was scattered in various parts of the state. Unusually heavy fall rains in the counties along the Yellowstone River and in those along the Wyoming line caused quite large losses in unthreshed small grains, hay, alfalfa seed, and other crops, and resulted in severe losses to the bean crop.
Crops were generally good in all districts in 1923, except in approximately the eastern fifth of the state, in part of the north central districts, where hoppers were bad, and in various scattered localities, due to conditions which prevailed only locally.
Relative Crop Acreages in Montana, 1923.
zO'O
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a
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All ^^3
MONTANA CROPS
If
GENERAL SUMMARY MONTANA CROPS Acreage, Production and Farm Value, 1923, 1922, 1921, 1920,
|
Year |
Acres |
Yield Per Acre |
Production |
Farm Value Dec. 1 |
||
|
Crop |
Per Unit |
Total |
||||
|
Winter Wheat Spring Wheat Oats |
1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1921 1920 1923 1922 1923 1922 1923 |
738,000 768, OUO 800,000* 780,000* 2,793,000 2,850,000 2,990,000* 3,100,000* 673,000 660,000 618,000 533,000 97,000 92,000 75,000 64,000 192,000 240,000 116,000 80,000* 110,000 84,000 110,000 407,000 365,000 228,000 190,000 184,000 1,087,000 1,045,000 1,045,000 1,105,000 653,000 660,000 657,000 652,000 36,000 45,000 41,000 40,000 |
17.0 15.2 14.0 12.0 14.3 14.4 12.0 10.0 33.0 32.0 24.0 22.0 25.5 25.0 20.5 18.0 11.0 14.0 11.2 8.0 8.2 7.2 5.0 2.6 26.0 24.3 20.0 12.1 1.88 1.89 1.80 1.80 .91 .90 .80 .95 110.0 126.0 115.0 110.0 li75 13.0 2.5 2.8 13.6 |
12,546,000 Bus. 11,674,000 Bus. 11,200,000 Bus. 9,360,000 Bus. 39,940,000 Bus. 41,040,000 Bus. 35,880,000 Bus. 31,000,000 Bus. 22,209,000 Bus. 21,120,000 Bus. 14,832,000 Bus. 11,726,000 Bus. 2,474,000 Bus. 2,300,000 Bus. 1,538,000 Bus. 1,152,000 Bus. 2,112,000 Bus. 3,360,000 Bus. 1,299,000 Bus. 640,000 Bus. 902,000 Bus. 605,000 Bus. 550,000 Bus. 1,058,000 Bus. 9,490,000 Bus. 5,540,000 Bus. 3,800,000 Bus. 2,226,000 Bus. 2,044,000 Tons 1,975,000 Tons 1,881,000 Tons 1,989,000 Tons 594.000 Tons 594,000 Tons 526,000 Tons 619,000 Tons 3,960,000 Bus. 5,670,000 Bus. 4,715,000 Bus. 4,400,000 Bus. 990,000 Bus. 610,000 Bus. 975,000 Bus. 825,000 Bus. 265,000 Bus. 49,000 Bus. 16,000 Bus. 20,000 Bus. 253,000 Bus. |
1.82 .89 .85 1.28 .82 .89 .85 1.28 .38 .37 .34 .51 .48 .50 .60 .65 .51 .54 .53 1.08 1.93 1.97 1.40 1.75 .65 .53 .67 .80 8.90 9.00 8.70 12.00 8.00 8.00 8.60 9.00 .73 .40 .80 1.05 1.30 1.00 1.50 1.80 3.40 3.20 13.65 11.00 1.58 |
$10,288,000 10,390,000 9,520,000 11,981,000 32,751,000 36,526,000 30,498.000 39,680,000 8,439,000 |
|
7,814,000 5,043.000 5,980,000 1,188,000 |
||||||
|
Rye |
1,150,000 923,000 749,000 1,077,000 |
|||||
|
Flax |
1,814,000 688,000 691,000 1,741,000. |
|||||
|
Corn* |
1,192,0001 770,00Q| 1,851,000 6,168,000 |
|||||
|
Tame Hay |
2,936,000 2,546,000 1,789,000 18,192,000 |
|||||
|
Wild Hay |
17,775,000 16,365,000 23,868,000 4,752,000 |
|||||
|
Potatoes |
4,752,000 4,524,000 5,571,000 2,891,000 |
|||||
|
Apples |
2,268,000 3,772,000 4,620,000 1,287,000 610,000 |
|||||
|
1,465,000 |
||||||
|
1,485,000 |
||||||
|
Beans^ |
23,000 3,800 6,400 7,200 18,600 |
901,000 |
||||
|
Alfalfa seeds Seed Peas^ |
157,000 218,000 220,000 400,000 |
|||||
♦Tentative Revisions.
* Corn production based upon total acreage, but not all harvested for grain, and figure should
be used accordingly. ' Yield and production include marketable beans only. 3 Data incomplete for previous years. °
VALUE FIRST ELEVEN CROPS ABOVE.
1923 $ 88,774,000
1922 87,227,000
1921 76,114,000
1920 98,265,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED VALUE ALL CROPS.
$ 95,917,000
93,580,000
81,430,000
105.700,000
ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES SOLD OF MONTANA MAIN CROPS, 1923
Crop Per Cent Sold
Wheat -. 82
Oats 17
Barley 13
Rye 18
Flax 85
Crop Per Cent Sold
Corn 7
Hay 18
Potatoes 40
Apples — 45
All crops combined 53*
•Based upon total crop values, and not tonnage.
18 MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Relative Importance of Montana Crops in 1923 According to Gross Farm Values.
/Ill Wheaf
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MONTANA'S RANK WITH OTHER STATES
|
Crop |
Rank in Production 1923 |
Crop |
Rank in I>roduction 1923 |
|
|
Spring Wheat Winter WTieat All Wheat Oats |
2 16 5 17 17 4 |
Potatoes Apples (Commercial) Corn Hay, Tame Hay, Wild Beans |
27 27 _ 31 18 |
|
|
Barley Plax .. |
|
Montana ranked 22d with other states in the total acres in crop in 1923, and 30th in the total value of crops produced. The area cropped in Montana exceeds that of the ten other far western states except California, which leads by only a few thousand acres. Of this western grroup of states, California, Colorado, and Washington lead Montana in total crop values.
In the total value of all livestock on farms and ranges, Montana ranks 17th among the other states, and stands second to California among the eleven western states.
MONTANA CROPS
lb
|
u 5800 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
i |
\ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3600 |
/ |
\ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3500 |
/ |
- |
► All WhcO< |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3400 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3300 |
I |
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|
3200 |
i |
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|
/ |
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|
3O00 |
/ |
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|
2900 |
/ |
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|
2800 |
1 |
1 |
.J~^ |
- |
1 |
1 |
i |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2700 |
SHOWING THE TRENDS OF /iCREAQE OF MONTANA PRINCIPAL CROPS Al50 shows relative ACREAGt OF THESt CROP^ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2600 |
/ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2500 _ |
/ |
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|
2*00 |
r |
1 |
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|
2500 |
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|
2200 |
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|
2(00 |
/ |
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|
2000 |
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|
1900 |
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|
1800 |
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|
1700 |
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1600 |
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|
1500 |
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|
1400 |
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|
1300 |
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|
1200 |
1 |
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|
1100 |
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1000 |
i |
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"— TbmeH«i, |
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|
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800 |
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|
600 |
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AVERAGE ASSESSED VALUATION OF MONTANA LANDS.
Irrigated Lands
Non-Irrigated Agricultural Lands
Grazing Lands
1923 1922
$51.08 51.38
$12.76 12.65
$6.24 6.51
MONTANA'S TIMBER RESOURCES— The estimated timber stand in the state it' 59,509 million feet. Approximately two-thirds of this is under the jurisdiction of tlife"' federal government, about four per cent is owned by the state, and about twenty-nine' per cent is privately owned.
20
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
|
1 too |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
All WhMt 1 |
P< |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- 1 ILLUSTRATING THL CHANGES IN THE AVERAGE ACREAGE PFR FARM OF CERTAIN CROPS IN MONTANA |
- |
/ |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
90 |
/ |
^^■' |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
>^ |
/ / |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
ntt |
Based upon farms ^rowin^ each crop, |
/ |
/ f |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
and not upon total number of farms in the state. |
// |
^-x |
rfVyin |
1 ter Wheat |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
TO |
/>' |
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|
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/. |
1 ■iog Wheat |
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|
GO |
/ |
/' |
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|
36 |
y^ ' |
;/ |
. |
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||||||||||||||||||||
|
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^ ^ |
^^ |
/ |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
45 |
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■^ |
/ |
/ |
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||||||||||||||||||
|
40 |
|
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T~' |
— 1 |
"1 |
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|
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|
30 |
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|
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— 1 |
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^ — ■ |
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|
to |
X-Oats |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
X |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
t-Corn |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
c |
— - |
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/ |
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|
^l |
1 I |
\ i |
* 1 |
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1 |
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> i 2 |
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H i |
■ 2 |
This graph is presented to illustrate the trends in the average size of fields of the main crops, but is not an absolute measure of them. Bureau of the Census figures were used for 1899. 1909. and with some modifications for 1919. As no data are available for the periods between census years, it is assumed that changes were more or less gradual. For the past three years, the annual farm census returns through county assessors and surveys of individual farms covering representative portions of all farms, furnish the bases for state averages. The averages for tame hay for the past three years were partly estimated, since our form of returns do not permit of accurate computation of average per farm for this crop.
AVERAGE VALUE OF PLOW LANDS PER ACRE. Poor Plow Land Good Plow I^and All Plow Land
|
March |
Mon- Iowa tana |
United States |
Mon- tana |
Town United ; ^^^* , States |
Mon^. Iowa |
United States |
|||
|
1924 |
$13 14 21 |
$107 115 129 |
143 45 51 |
130 31 45 |
$169 181 196 |
$82- 85 92 |
$21 22 34 |
$143 163 169 |
$64+ |
|
1923 |
67 |
||||||||
|
1919 . |
74 |
||||||||
FLOUR MILLING IN MONTANA— This is one of the most important state in- dustries from the standpoint of agriculture. The Montana Trade Commission reports for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, that there were 66 flour mills in operation in the state, having an aggregate rated capacity of 12,053 barrels of flour per day. These mills ground 8,692,825 bushels of wheat in that year, or about 16.5 per cent of the 1922 wheat crop of the state.
MONTANA CKOPS
21
SPRING WHEAT BY COUNTIES — 1922 and 1923.
|
1922 ! |
1923 |
|||||
|
District and County |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
' Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
|
NORTHWESTERN Flathead |
1 50,000 1 3,000 1 71,000 1 99,000 1 29,000 1 152,000 1 43,000 1 102,000 1 112,000 1 27,000 117,000 78,000 1 155,000 243,000 154,000 |
1 1 12.4 1 7.2 1 13.8 9.8 1 8.9 1 15.7 1 13.0 1 8.0 i U.8 1 12.6 1 17.3 1 16.9 1 15.1 |
530,000 17,000 855,000 718,000 400,000 1,490,000 382,000 1,600,000 1,456.000 216,000 2,200,000 982,000 2,680,000 4,107,000 2,325,000 |
I 1 1 47,000 1 2,500 69,000 1 88,000 1 31,000 1 130,000 1 34,000 1 98,000 1 115,000 1 22,000 1 112,000 73,000 150,000 235,000 147,000 |
21.1 20.0 17.0 10.2 13.6 7.7 8.8 19.2 22.5 6.0 14.5 12.0 10.0 10.2 11.8 |
990,000 |
|
Lincoln .... |
50,000 |
|||||
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine Chouteau _ Glacier _ HiU Liberty Pondera Teton Toole . |
1,173,000 900,000 420.000 995,000 300.000 1,880,000 2,595,000 1 132.000 |
|||||
|
NORTHEASTERN Daniels . . .. |
1,630,000 |
|||||
|
Phillips |
876,000 |
|||||
|
Roosevelt |
1 1,500,000 |
|||||
|
Sheridan |
2,397.000 |
|||||
|
Valley |
1,730,000 |
WEST CENTRAL
Deer Lodge
Granite
Mineral
Missoula
Powell
Ravalli
Sanders
CENTRAL
Broadwater
Cascade
Fergus
(jolden Valley...
Jefferson
Judith Basin... Lewis & Clark
Meagher
Musselshell
Wheatland
EAST CENTRAL
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux
SOUTHWESTERN
Beaverhead
Madison
Silver Bow
SOUTHEASTERN
Big Horn
Carter
Custer
Fallon
Powder River
Rosebud
Treasure
SOUTH CENTRAL. I
Carbon I
Gallatin I
Park 1
Stillwater I
Sweet Grass I
Yellowstone I
3,000
6,000
400
18,000
8.000 11,000
2,200
17,000 90,000
176,000
32,000
9,000
110,000
14,000
8,000
21,000
34.000
104,000 28,000 63,000 64,000
130,000 62,000
10.000
20,000
400
31,000 42,000 24.000 41.000 22,000 55,000
18.000 15,000 17,000 72,000
8.000 23.000
6,000
26.7 23.3 15.0 10.0 20.0 27.3 13.7
17:9 16.1 13.7 8.8 19.0 11.3 16.5 12.0 10.1 13.0
13.5 14.3 15.4 13.4 15.2 14.3
18.6 24.5 20.0
23.1 20.6 20-7 12.0 16.4 15.3
16.0 14.5 15.1 15.0 13.6 15.7 16.3
80,000 140,000 6,000 180,000 160,000 300,000
30,000
305,000
1,444,000
2,416,000
281,000
171,000
1,232,000
231.000
96,000
212.000
442.000
1,404,000 400,000 970,000 857.000
1,976.000 887,000
186,000
490,000
8.000
716.000 865,000 497,000 492,000 360,000 838.000
288.000 217.000 257,000 1,080.000 109,000 361,000 98,000
3,000
5,500
400
15,000
7,000 11,000
2,400
16,000 101,000 164,000
29,000
8,500
100,000
15,000 8,000
25,000
36,000
110,000 30,000 64,000 68,000
126,000 63,000
10,000
18,000
400
28.000 42,000 25,000 50.000 22.000 59,000
23.000 17,000 20,000 78.000
8.000 25.000
6.300
25.0 21.8 25.0 24.7 20.0 27.4 22.5
22.2 22.9 19.5 11.6 19.0 22.3 20.7 17.0 16.2 22.2
8.8 13.8 10.1
7.8 8.0 7.9
23.0 26.2 20.0
20.9 23.5 25.3 15.0 19.8 18.0
17.0 9.5 10.0 7.5 14.0 10.4 12.0
I STATE TOTAL. I 2,850,000
14.4 I 41.040,000
I 2,793.000 I 14.3
I
75,000 120,000
10,000 370,000 140,000 301,000
54.000
355,000
2,314,000
3,198,000
337,000
161,000
2,230,000
310,000
136,000
406,000
800.000
978,000 445,000 648.000 530.00C 1,008,000 498,000
230.000
472,000
8,000
586.000 987,000 633,000 750.000 435.000 1.062.000
391,000 161.000 200,000 585.000 112,000 260.000 76,000
39.940.000
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
SPRING WHEAT.
Moisture conditions were quite favorable for the start of the 1923 spring wheat crop, but more than the usual proportion was sown late, because of lack of labor and a back- ward spring. Average yields per acre were reduced about fifty per cent in the eastern counties by several temporary hot dry periods, and by black rust Grasshoppers devas- tated a considerable acreage in the north central district, and reduced the average yields greatly there. In all other sections the yields were generally better than any year since 1916, and brought the average for the state up to within a tenth of a bushel of the average for 1922. The quality of the spring wheat was not as good as usual, due to light chaffy grain in the eastern sections, and to some injury from rains after harvest, espe- cially in the central and southern portions. Prices for the crop were very disappointing, and farmers produced wheat at a loss except where yields were unusually good.
Dafnbofion or ^PRiNQ mC^T A:reaffe Tofol S/(7/e acrvu^e /92^ - Z, 793. OOO.
LcJch dot represcTTti COO ceres
WINTER WHEAT.
Winter wheat for 1923 was seeded under unfavorable conditions, and the young plants made a very poor start before winter set in. Abandonment was unusually heavy in the following spring, but that remaining for harvest yielded much better than was expected earlier in the season, the average yield per acre for 1923 being the best since 1916. As very little winter wheat is grown in the eastern counties, the average yield was not adversely influenced as was that of spring wheat. In the fall of 1923 a big reduction in the acreage sown to winter wheat took place in the central and north central counties, partly on account of farmers being occupied by delayed harvesting and threshing, and partly by the intention to replace it by spring wheat. This reduction was partially offset by increased seedings in the eastern fourth of the state and in the northwestern part
MONTANA CROPS WINTER WHEAT BY COUNTIES — 1922 and 1923
23
1922
1923
District and County
NORTHWESTERN
Flathead
Lincoln
NORTH CENTRAL
Blaine
Chouteau
Glacier
Hill
Liberty
Pondera
Teton
Toole
NORTHEASTERN
Daniels
Phillips
Roosevelt
Sheridan
Valley
\v:est central
Deer Lodge
Granite
Mineral
Missoula
Powell
Ravalli
Sanders
CENTRAL
Broadwater
Cascade
Fergus
Golden Valley .
Jefferson
Judith Basin ... Lewis & Clark
Meagher
Musselshell Wheatland
EAST CENTRAL
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux
SOUTHWESTERN
Beaverhead
Madison
Silver Bow
SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon
Gallatin
Park
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Yellowstone
SOUTHEASTERN
Big Horn
Carter
Custer
Fallon
Powder River
Rosebud
Treasure
Acreage
22,000 400
6,000
106,000
200
9,000
1,000
3,000
12,000
500
600 1,000
500 1,000 1.000
400 2,000 400 18,000 3,000 2,000 5,000
5,000
43,000
156,000
30,000
5,000 60,000
4,000
3,000 21,000
7,000
500 2,000 1,400 1,000
700 4,000
1,500
5,000
200
14,000 44.000 7,000 53,000 10,000 46.000
29,000 1.500 1,200 5.000 1.000 7.000 4.000
Acre Yield (bu.)
16.4 15.0
13.3 10.2 10.0 10.8 10.0 17.0 13.0 10.0
13.3 13.0 14.0 14.0 14.0
12.5 15.0 12.5 11.7 14.7 17.0 15.0
19.4 17.9^ 17.9 10.2 17.0 17.4 16.0 17.0 14.3 14.0
12.0 13.5 14.3 15.0 14.3 15.0
I 16.0 I 21.0 I 15.0
14.0 21.9 18.3 11.9 16.0 14.8
15.4 14.0 15.0 16.0 16.0 14.7 16.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
360.000 6.000
80,000
1,081,000
2,000
97,000
10,000
51,000
156,000
5,000
8.000 13,000
7,000 14,000 14,000
5,000 30,000 5,000 210,000 44,000 34,000 75,000
97,000
770,000
2.800,000
306.000
85,000 1,041,000
64,000
51,000 300,000
98.000
6,000 27,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 60.000
24,000
105,000
3,000
196,000 940,000 128,000 630,000 160,000 680,000
448,000 21,000 18,000 80,000 16,000
103,000 64,000
Acreage
30,000 500
4,000
97,000
200
5,000
1.000
3,000
16,000
500
1,000 1,000 800 2,000 1,600
300 2,000 500 22,000 1,000 2,000 5,000
2.500
43.000
151.000
22.000
6,000 64,000
4,000
2,000 15,000
5,000
1,500 4,500 2,000 2,500 1,200 7,000
2,000
8,000
200
5,000 46,000-
8,000 44,000
7,000 40,000
27,000 2,300 1.500 7,000 1,000 4.400 5,000
Acre Yield (bu.)
27.0 26.0
8.0 11.1 10.0
8.0
8.0 13.3 16.0
8.0
12.0 12.0 8.8 12.0 11.2
23.3 20.0 22.0 26.6 17.0 28.5 27.0
18.0 23.0 16.6 12.0 18.0 17.0 15.7 17.0 16.5 17.0
8.0 11.5 8.5 7.2 9.2 7.1
25.0 26.8 25.0
16.6 26.8 25.0 15.0 19.0 16.5
17.4
11.2
8.0
7.1
14.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
14.8 I
810,000 13,0U0
32,000
1,078,000
2,000
40,000
8,000
40.000
256,000
4,000
12,000 12.000 7,000 24,000 18,000
7,000 40,000 11,000
585,000 17,000 57,000
135,000
45,000
989,000
2,507,000
264,000
108,000
1,091,000
63,000
34,000 247,000
85,000
12,000 52,000 17,000 18,000 11,000 50,000
50,000
213,000
5,000
83.000 1,232,000
20.000 660,000 133,000 662,000
470,000 26,000 12.000 50.000 14.000 41.000 74.000
STATE TOTAL
768,000
15.2 I 11.673,000 !
738.000
I 17.0 I 12,546,000
I
24
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Distr-flM/fior, of tVINTLR WHEftT oceoge Toio/ StofB tycreooe /9£3 - 7Se, CX)0
£o>ch alof reforestnis 300 ocr^s
OATS.
More oats were sown in 1923, mostly to produce more local feed. The crop was \
generally good, except in the east and north central portions where dry weather and J
hoppers seriously reduced the yields. The yield per acre was the best since 1916. \
Disff/bufion of O/ITS acreage Tofa/ Stoic cxreoqe I9Z:5 - &73.000
£cfch c^of represents SOD acres
MONTANA CROPS
25
OATS BY COUNTIES — 1922-1923.
1922
1923
District and Couhty
NORTHWESTERN
Flathead
Liincoln
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine
Chouteau
Glacier
Hill
Liberty
Pondera
Teton
Toole
NORTHEASTERN
Daniels
Phillips
Roosevelt
Sheridan
Valley
WEST CENTRAL
Deer Lodge
Granite
Mineral
Missoula
Powell
Ravalli
Sanders
CENTRAL
Broadwater ...
Cascade
Fergus
Grolden Valley...
Jefferson
Judith Basin... Lewis & Clark
Meagher
Musselshall
Wheatland
EAST CENTRAL
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux
SOUTHWESTERN
Beaverhead
Madison
Silver Bow
SOUTH CENTRAL
Carbon
Gallatin
Park
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Yellowstone
SOUTHEASTERN
Big Horn
Carter
Custer
Fallon
Powder River
Rosebud
Treasure
Acreage
18,000 4,000
17,000 15,000
4,000 23,000
3,000 10,000 11,000
4.000
26,000 21,000 26,000 48,000 33,000
2,000 3,300 400 9,000 7,000 7,500 2,000
21,000 14,000 16,000 9,000 25,000 14,500
,000 ,000 800
7,700 17,000
8,000 15,500
6,400 16,500
7,000 8,000 8,600 17,000 2,000 7,000 2,000
Acre Yield (bu.)
Produc- tion (bu.)
22.2 12.5
26.4 22.3 33.3 22.5 21.6 35.5 24.8 22.0
30.1 25.8 36.2 36.0 28.0
55.0 55.8 52.5 37.6 45.6 55.5 35.0
400,000 50,000
448,000 334,000 133,000 518,000
65,000 355,000 273,000
88,000
783,000 542,000 941,000 1,728,000 924,000
110,000 184,000
21,000 338,000 319,000 416,000
70.000
|
9,000 |
35.0 |
315,000 |
|
12,000 |
32.7 |
392,000 |
|
48,000 |
25.2 |
1,210,000 |
|
13,000 |
18.2 |
237,000 |
|
3,500 |
. 40.0 |
140,000 |
|
13,000 |
28.0 |
364,000 |
|
5,500 |
37.0 |
203,000 |
|
4,200 |
33.3 |
140,000 |
|
11,000 |
26.0 |
286,000 |
|
6,600 |
31.1 |
205,000 |
31.8 27.7 30.0 31.6 38.6 32.9
37.1
42.0 29.0
26.7 51.4 49.6 26.4 36.6 35.5
36.0 41.0 33.4 38.0 36.0 37.4 39.0
668,000 388,000 480,000 284,000 965,000 477,000
297,000
378,000
23,000
206,000 875,000 397,000 409,000 234,000 582,000
252,000 328,000 287.000 646,000
72,000 262,000
78,000
Acreage
18,000 4,000
15,000 12,000
4,500 17,000
2,300 10,000 13,000
3,000
28,000 21,000 25,000 47,000 32,000
2,500 3,400 400 9,000 7,000 10,000 2,200
9,800 13,000 52,000 12,000
3,200 12,000
6,300
5,200 12,000
6,600
21,000 15,000 17,000 10,000 26,000 15,500
9,000
9,700
800
7,000 19,000
9,000 16,000
6,800 16,600
8,300 7,600 9,400 19,500 2,400 7,000 2,000
Acre Yield (bu.;
42.2 43.0
34.5 29.6 27.5 21.3 27.0 33.5 33.4 22.0
33.4 33.8 27.4 27.1 28.1
51.2 46.2 45.0 50.0 38.0 61.0 45.4
46.4 37.1 38.1 23.8 48.1 41.7 33.3 35.6 29.0 35.3
24.6 31.0 24.0 21.0 23.2 25.2
47.2 49.2 32.5
51.4 50.0 48.7 27.5 37.2 34.0
33.0 29.2 21.0 21.0 29.2 26.3 36.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
764,00(> 172,000
518,000 356,000 124,000 362,000
62,000 335,000 436,000
66.000
935,000 710,000 684.000 1,275,000 897,000
128,000 157,000 18,000 450,000 266,000 610,000 100,000
455,000 482.000 ,984,000 286,000 154,000 500,000 210,000 185,000 348,000 233,000
516,000 465,000 408,000 210,000 604,000 390,000
425,000
477,000
26.000
360.000 950,000 438,000 440,000 253,000 564,000
266.000 222,000 197,000 410,000
70,000 184,000
72,000
STATE TOTAL,
660,000
32.0 1 21,120.000
I
673,000
33.0
22.209,000
26
MONTANA FARM REVIEW BARLEY.
With the intention of raising more feed, the farmers planted more barley in 1923, and the average yield and total production was the largest since 1916.
BARLEY BY COUNTIES — 1922-1923.
|
• |
1922 |
1923 |
||||
|
District and County |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
|
NORTHWESTERN Flathead |
13,000 500 1,800 800 300 2,200 300 3,600 1,500 200 800 700 1,400 2,600 1.600 200 500 100 1,800 400 1.600 300 1,400 2,800 7,000 800 400 3.700 700 800 600 800 1.600 800 700 1.100 2,300 900 2.200 1.700 100 1.200 5.000 5.200 1.400 1.100 2,400 2,000 1.000 700 3.700 700 600 400 |
18.0 14.0 19.5 15.0 26.7 15.4 20.0 19.5 20.0 20.0 25.0 22.9 25.7 26.0 23.1 25.0 30.0 20.0 18.8 20.0 36.3 23.3 33.0 26.1 22.0 18.7 35.0 23.8 22.9 27.5 23.3 25.0 23.2 22.5 1 22.4 1 25.0 25.6 1 26.7 29.0 29.3 25.0 40.0 37.4 1 35.7 1 22.2 1 24.5 1 25.8 1 29.0 1 29.0 1 23.0 1 29.6 1 23.0 1 21.6 1 25.0 |
234.000 7,000 35,000 12,000 8,000 34,000 6,000 70,000 30,000 4,000 20,000 16,000 36,000 70,000 37,000 5,000 15,000 2,000 34,000 8,000 58,000 7,000 46,000 73,000 154,000 15,000 14,000 88.000 16.000 22.000 14.000 20.000 37.000 18.000 16.000 27.000 59.000 24.000 64.000 50.000 2.000 48.000 187.000 186.000 31.000 27.000 1 62.000 58.000 1 29.000 1 16.000 1 110.000 1 16.000 I 13.000 1 10.000 |
14,000 500 1,600 600 400 1,800 300 4,200 2,000 200 600 600 1,300 2,900 1,700 200 500 100 1,900 400 1,600 400 1,200 3,000 7,500 800 400 3,800 800 800 700 900 1,700 900 800 1,100 2,500 1.000 2.200 1.800 100 1.500 5.000 5.500 1.600 1 1.100 1 2.500 2.200 1 1,100 1 800 1 4.000 1 800 600 500 |
35.3 26.0 21.9 16.7 25.0 13.3 13.3 29.0 26.0 15.0 20.0 21.7 16.5 20.0 20.6 30.0 28.0 30.0 31.5 27.5 33.8 30.0 28.7 28.0 21.2 27.5 28.5 25.0 20.0 22.9 22.2 :3.5 16.7 16.2 14.5 15.2 13.0 29.6 30.0 30.0 32.0 32.0 29.0 20.0 23.6 23.2 16.4 15.5 16.3 13.0 16.3 15.0 20.0 |
494,000 13,000 35.000 10,000 10,000 24,000 4,000 122,000 52,000 |
|
Lincoln |
||||||
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine |
||||||
|
Chouteau |
||||||
|
Glacier Hill |
||||||
|
Liberty . . |
||||||
|
Pondera |
||||||
|
Teton |
||||||
|
Toole |
3.000 |
|||||
|
NORTHEASTERN Daniels ' ....: 1 |
12,000 13,000 21,000 58,000 35,000 6,000 14,000 3,000 60.000 11.000 54.000 12 000 |
|||||
|
Phillips Roosevelt Sheridan Valley |
||||||
|
WEST CENTRAL Deer Lodge |
||||||
|
Granite |
||||||
|
Mineral Missoula |
||||||
|
Powell Ravalli Sanders - ...~. |
||||||
|
CENTRAL Sroadwater |
32 000 |
|||||
|
Cascade |
86.000 |
|||||
|
Fergus . |
210.000 17.000 |
|||||
|
Golden Valley |
||||||
|
Jefferson |
11.000 |
|||||
|
Judith Basin |
107.000 |
|||||
|
Lewis & Clark |
20.000 |
|||||
|
Meagher |
16.000 |
|||||
|
Musselshell |
16.000 |
|||||
|
Wheatland |
20.000 |
|||||
|
EAST CEINTRAL Dawson |
23.000 |
|||||
|
Garfield |
15,000 |
|||||
|
McCone |
13.000 |
|||||
|
Prairie |
16.000 |
|||||
|
Richland |
38,000 |
|||||
|
Wibaux |
13.000 |
|||||
|
SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead |
65.000 |
|||||
|
Madison |
54.000 |
|||||
|
Silver Bow |
3.000 |
|||||
|
SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon |
48.000 |
|||||
|
Gallatin |
160.000 |
|||||
|
Park |
159.000 |
|||||
|
Stillwater |
32,000 |
|||||
|
Sweet Grass |
26.000 |
|||||
|
Yellowstone |
58,000 |
|||||
|
SOUTHEASTERN Big Horn |
36,000 |
|||||
|
Carter |
17,000 |
|||||
|
Custer |
13,000 |
|||||
|
Fallon |
52,000 |
|||||
|
Powder River |
13.000 |
|||||
|
Rosebud |
9.000 |
|||||
|
10.000 |
||||||
|
STATE TOTAI> |
1 92,000 |
1 25.0 |
1 2,800.000 |
1 1 97,000 |
25.6 |
2.474.000 |
MONTANA CEOPS RYE.
27
Rye was a disappointing crop in 1923. The acreage sown in the fall of 1922 was much smaller than the previous year, and the crop made a very poor start. Stands were very spotted in the main rye counties of the north, and average yields obtained were low. Unsatisfactory market prices for this crop during the last three years have caused it to be largely dropped as a cash crop. Com is replacing some rye acreage.
RYE BY COUNTIES — 1922 and 1923.
1922
1923
District and County
Acreage
NORTHWESTERN
Flathead
Lincoln
NORTH GENTRALi
Blaine
Chouteau
Glacier
Hill
Liberty
Pondera
Teton
Toole
NORTHEASTERN
Daniels
Phillips
Roosevelt
Sheridan
Valley
WEST CENTRAL
Deer Lodge
Granite
Mineral
Missoula
Powell -■.
Ravalli
Sanders
CENTRAL
Broadwater
Cascade
Fergus
Golden "Valley
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Lewis & Clark ....
Meagher
Musselshell
Wheatland
EAST CENTRAL
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux
SOUTHWESTERN
Beaverhead
Madison
Silver Bow
SOUTH CENTRAL
Carbon
Gallatin
Park
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Yellowstone SOUTHEASTERN
Big Horn
Carter
Custer
Fallon
Powder River
Rosebud
Treasure
3,400 600
55,000 14,000 2,000 20,000 2,400 1,600 3,500 2,000
5,300 13,000 16,000 14,000
4,400
200 500 100
1,300 500 800
1,600
900 2,000 14,000 2,500 3,500 1,400 1,100 1,000 2,500 700
1,200 6,000 3,000 1,800 2,700 1,700
500
600
1,400
1,500 3,000
800 2.600
800 3,500
1,200 3,200 2,300 4,800 1,400 3.000 1.200
Acre Yield (bu.)
16.0 13.3
13.2 10.0 17.0 11.0 10.9 20.0 18.0 10.0
17.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 14.5
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.3 14.0 15.0 11.9
14.4 15.0 15.0 10.0 17.4 16.2 15.5 16.0 11.2 15.7
I 15.8
I 15.0
I 15.0
I 15.5
I 14.0
I 14.1
I 18.0 I 18.2 I 15.0
I 11.3
I 20.7
I 17.5
I 15.0
I 12.5
I 17.1 I
I 18.3
I 16.0
I 15.6
I 18.1
1 18.5
I 13.3
I 15.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
54,000 8,000
726,000 140,000 34,000 220,000 26,000 32,000 63,000 20,000
90,000 169,000 240,000 210,000
64,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
16,000
7,000
12,000
19,000
13,0j00 30,000 210.000 25,000 61,000 23,000 17,000 16,000 28.000 11,000
19.000 90,000 45,000 28,000 38,000 25,000
9.000 11,000 21.000
17,000 62,000 14.000 39.000 10,000 60,000
22,000 51,000 36.000 87,000 26.000 40,000 18.000
Acreage
3,200 600
42.000 10,000 2,000 16,000 1,400 1,400 4.000 1,500
5,000 10.000 15,000 13,000
3,600
200 400 100
1,200 500 700
1.200
800
1.500
11,000
1,200
2,000
600 1.000 1.000 1,600
600
1,600 4.000 2,500 1,200 2.500 1.000
600 700 800
600 4,000
600 2,000
600 1,800
1.000 2,800 1,500 3,500 1,000 2,000 1.400
Acre Yield (bu.)
23.7 21.7
8.0
11.7
9.0
6.0
5.7
13.6
14.5
8.0
10.0 9.0 9.7 9.7
10.6
20.0 20.0 20.0 23.3 18.0 21.4 20.0
12.5 16.7 14.0 12.5 18.0 16.7 21.0 16.0 17.5 16.7
10.6 10.2 11.2 11.7 10.4 9.0
21.7 24.3 17.7
18.3 18.5 18.3 14.0 23.3 16.6
15.0 11.5 12.0
8.6 13.0
8.5 15.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
76,000 13,000
336,000 117.000 18.000 96,000 8,000 19,000 58,000 12,000
50,000
90,000
146,000
126,000
38,000
4.000
8,000
2,000
28,000
9.000
15.000
24,000
10,000 25.000 154,000 15,000 36.000 10,000 21.000 16.000 28,000 10,000
17.000 41,000 28,000 14,000 26.000 9.000
13,000 17,000 15-.000
11,000 74,000 11,000 28,000 14,000 30.000
15.000 32.000 18,000 30,000 13,000 17.000 21.000
STATE TOTAL
I 240.000 I 14.0
1
I 3.360,000 I
I
I 192,000 I 11.0
I
2,112,000
28
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
CORN.
The corn acreage in 1923 was 60 per cent greater than in 1922, the larger part of this expansion taking place in the eastern half of the state. Corn has been planted almost entirely for use as local feed, although not a little of the 1923 crop is finding its way into state marketing channels. Growing conditions were quite favorable for corn, and, although much of it was planted late, delayed frosts in the fall permitted most of it to mature. It is worth noting that corn yields in the eastern counties were little affected by the factors which cut down small grain yields so materially. In the counties which had a considerable acreage of corn, the increase in numbers of hogs and milk cows is most pronounced, and there more stock, including lambs and cattle, is being fattened for market than ever before. About 53 per cent of the 1923 crop was harvested for grain, 2 per cent for silage, and 45 per cent cut for use as fodder, or grazed off in the fields by stock.
CORN BY COUNTIES — 1922 and 1923.
1922
1923
District and County
NtJRTHWESTERN
Flathead
NORTH CENTRAL
Blaine
Chouteau
Hill
Liberty 1
Pondera
Teton
Toole
NORTHEASTERN
Daniels
Phillips
Roosevelt
Sheridan
Valley
WEST CENTRAL
Missoula
Ravalli
Sanders
CENTRAL
Cascade
Fergus
Golden Valley
Judith Basin
Lewis & Clark ...
Musselshell
Wheatland
EAST CENTRAL
Dawson
Garfield
McCone
Prairie
Richland
Wibaux
SOUTHWESTERN
Madison
SOUTH CENTRAL
Carbon
Gallatin
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Yellowstone
SOUTHEASTERN
Big: Horn
Carter
Custer
Fallon
Powder River
Rosebud
Treswure
OTHER COUNTIES.
Acreage
3,400
5,800
4,400
400
800
500
1,900 9,000 9,600 8,000 5,300
400 300 400
1,200 13,300
4,100 300 500
6,800
1,500
12,400
11.700
9,500
9,300
17,500
4.800
3,800
300
3,500
500
16,000
3,800 7.600
13.000 8,400 9,000
11,600 4,000 2,500
STATE TOTAL
228.000
Acre Yield (bu.)
900 I 22.
22.1 20.0 20.9 20.0 20.0 20.0
21.1 23.0 23.5 23.0 21.9
22.5 26.7 22.5
22.5 22.3 19.3 23.3 18.0 21.8 20.0
27.9 22.2 27.1 27.3 27.0 27.1
23.1 23.3 22.3 22.0 23.5
24.2 25.5 26.3 27.3 26.0 25.0 24.0 20.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
24.3
20,000
75,000 116,000 92,000 8,000 16,000 10,000
40,000 207,000 226.000 184.000 116.000
9.000 8.000 9,000
27,000
297.000
79,000
7,000
9,000
148,000
30,000
346,000 260.000 258,000 254.000 472,000 130.000
88,000
7,000
78,000
11.000
376.000
92,000 194,000 342.000 229.000 234.000 290.000 96.000 50.000
Acreage
I 5,540,000 I
I
1,500
8,000
10,000
6,400
800 2,500 1,600
400
2,700 30,000 16,000 14,000 15,000
1,000 400 500
5.000 25,000
6.000 900 800
8,400
2.000
16,000 14,000 13.000 11,500 27,000 6.000
6,000 500
8,000
800
23,000
6,400 10.000 18,000 11.000 10,000 18.000 5.500 1,000
365,000
Acre Yield
(bu.)
26.6
25.7 25.6 23.4 18.7 21.2 25.0 20.0
24.8 25.7 25.3 24.6 25.7
26.0 30.0 26.0
26.6 27.2 23.0 22.2 23.7 22.6 23.0
28.1 25.5 27.3 28.0 28.2 25.7
400 I 20.0
30.4 28.0 26.2 25.0 26.8
23.8 27.0 25.0 25.0 27.3 23.6 25.0 20.0
Produc- tion (bu.)
38.000
206.000
254.000
148,000
15,000
53.000
40,000
8,000
67,000 770,000 420,000 345,000 385.000
26,000 12,000 13,000
133,000
680.000
138,000
20,000
19.000
190.000
46,000
450,000 371,000 355,000 322,000 760,000 154.000
8.000
184,000 14.000
210,000 20.000
616.000
152.000 270.000 450.000 275.000 273.000 422.000 138.000 20.000
I 26.0 I 9.490,000
J.
MONTANA CROPS
29
|
1 |
3 |
Di^frtbufion of CORN ocreooe T<^o/ ocr^aof /SZ3 - JSS.OOO. __ |
_ |
|
|
•'■'""« Teen |
1 |
- S: ^ • |
' ' * ' " '. 1 "^'.'^ '. . ■ Tl ■• ° .' i'.'. |
|
|
V -^l— |
H |
M _ L,l |
.^yy-r-y^ |
• •^^i^^' • f-JiWkily-''*-Sl*d |
|
ffl |
||||
|
J L-^ \-r-^"""M I . |
» oa t 0 y o ,• |
W^ |
•] 1 • 1 |
|
|
v,^ |
El |
|||
|
r |
y- ■'■.'■ |
1 |
||
|
\oJ^ |
^ |
t |
r^>cf*Boy — . ■. • /, |
|
|
£och dof^ repr-esenh 300 acres |
HAY.
A moderate increase in the hay acreage was noted in 1923, due mainly to more sweet clover, alfalfa, millets, and other hay crops being seeded on non-irrigated lands. In some irrigated sections there were also indications of more land being put into alfalfa and timothy. The production of more hay is in line with the desire to produce more feed crops for local use. The wild hay acreage is fairly constant, moisture conditions in non-irrigated localities controlling to some extent the acreage cut, as well as the yield.
Di:iti~,t»/fion of combined TAME and iVILX) Hfiy acneaxir- Total 31ate acreage /9 23— I. 7^40.000.
£^ach c^ot represents SOO acres
90
MONTANA FARM REVIEW TAME HAY BY COUNTIES— 1922 and 1923.
|
1 |
1922 |
1 |
1923 |
- |
||
|
District and County |
Acrea«re |
Acre Yield (tons) |
Produc- tion (tons) |
Acreage 24.000 10.000 i 1 19.000 13.000 800 6.300 2.000 16,500 8,000 1,300 I 6,000 ! 24,500 ! 9,000 1 15,000 16,500 7,400 32,000 1,800 41,000 40,000 37,600 14.000 19,400 40,000 55,000 8,400 13,400 26,000 33,000 16.800 7,600 16,600 9,200 15,000 14.500 4,500 22,000 6.000 47.000 55,000 5.400 43,000 53,000 41,000 23,000 22,000 45,000 23,000 4,500 1 19.000 1 5.000 1 19,500 1 20,000 1 8,600 1 |
Acre Yield (tons) 1.74 1.38 1.63 1.43 1.20 1.70 1.68 1.15 1.50 1.72 1.40 1.50 1.63 1.82 lit 2.54 1.68 2.13 2.00 2.37 1.73 1.76 1.70 2.00 1.65 1.70 1.55 1.32 1.50 1.10 1.33 1.34 1.31 1.55 1.20 2.43 2.44 1 1.82 ] 2.68 1 2.40 ; 2.00 1 1.50 2.00 1 2.00 l.,7 1 1.22 ! 1.18 1 1.36 1 1.38 1 1.30 1 1.88 j |
Produc- tion (tons) |
|
NORTHWESTERN Flathead Linnoln |
22,000 9.000 20,000 16,000 700 7,000 2,000 14,000 7,000 1,500 5,000 22,000 8.000 14,000 16,000 7,000 29,000 1,400 37,000 39,000 36,000 12.000 18,000 37,000 52,000 7,600 13,000 25,000 30,000 16,000 7,000 16.000 8.000 15,000 13,000 4,000 22.000 6,000 1 46,000 1 54.000 1 5.200 1 1 . 44,000 1 52,000 1 41,000 1 22.000 1 22,000 1 43,000 1 23.000 1 5.000 1 19.600 1 5.000 1 19.000 1 20.000 1 9,000 1 |
1.36 1.45 1.65 1.26 1.29 1.37 1.22 1.87 1.57 1.00 1.50 1.96 1.47 1.52 1.70 1.86 2.00 1.72 1.80 L84 2.42 1.70 2.08 1.62 1.44 1.65 1.86 1.60 1.80 1.69 1.43 1.60 Ut 1.51 1.82 1.51 I 1 1.93 2.15 1 1.85 ! 2.30 1 3.12 1 2.13 1 1.92 1 1.94 1 2.02 1 «2 i 1.54 1 1.68 1 1.88 1.84 1.83 1 1.80 1 |
30.000 13.000 33.000 20,100 900 9,600 2,400 26,200 11,000 1.500 7,500 43,000 11,700 21.200 27,200 13,000 58,000 2,400 66,600 71,700 87,000 20.400 37,400 60,000 75.000 12,500 24.200 1 40,000 ! 54,000 27.000 10,000 25,500 12.000 20,800 ' 18.400 ! 6.000 1 40.000 1 9,000 1 89.000 1 116.000 9.600 ! 1 101.000 162.000 1 87,300 ' 42.200 I 42,700 1 87,000 1 1 51.000 7.700 I 33,000 ' 9.400 1 35.000 I 36,600 1 16,200 1 |
40.800 16.000 33,000 9.000 2.400 28.000 13.400 1.500 9.000 42.000 12,600 |
||
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine Chouteau Glacier Hill ^ „ Liberty . „„ Pondera Teton Toole NORTHEASTERN Daniels |
||||||
|
Phillips „ Roosevelt |
||||||
|
Sheridan |
22,500 |
|||||
|
Vallev |
27.000 |
|||||
|
WEST CENTRAL Deer Lodgre „ Granite |
13.500 64.000 |
|||||
|
Mineral |
4.000 |
|||||
|
Missoula |
104,000 |
|||||
|
Powell . . . „ |
67.000 |
|||||
|
Ravalli |
80.200 |
|||||
|
Sanders |
28.000 |
|||||
|
CENTRAL Broadwater Cascade |
46.000 69,000 |
|||||
|
Fergus . . |
97,000 |
|||||
|
Golden Valley „ Jefferson |
14.300 26.800 |
|||||
|
Judith Basin |
42,800 |
|||||
|
Lewis & Clark |
56.000 |
|||||
|
Meag-her |
26.000 |
|||||
|
Musselshell |
10,000 |
|||||
|
Wheatland |
25,000 |
|||||
|
EAST CENTRAL Dawson |
10.000 |
|||||
|
Garfield |
20.000 |
|||||
|
McCone Prairie Richland „ |
19.500 5.900 34,000 |
|||||
|
Wibaux |
7.200 |
|||||
|
SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead Madison Silver Bow 1 1 SOUTH CENTRAL | Carbon I Gallatin Parte Stillwater |
114.000 134.000 9,800 115.000 127,200 82,000 .'14.500 |
|||||
|
Sweet Grass 1 Yellowstone - . I |
44.000 90,000 |
|||||
|
SOUTHEASTERN 1 Big Horn „.....! Carter 1 Custer ^1 |
43.000 5,600 22.500 |
|||||
|
Fallon ^1 Powder River „| Rosebud 1 Treasure 1 |
6.800 27.000 26.000 16.000 |
|||||
|
1 STATE TOTAL 1 1 |
1.046.000 1 |
1.S9 1 1 |
1,975,000 1 II |
1,087,000 1 1 |
1.88 1 1 |
2.044,000 |
IVtONTANA CROPS WILD HAY BY COUNTIES— 1922 and 1923.
31
|
•- |
1922 |
1 |
1923 |
|||
|
District and County |
Acreage 13,000 1.400 23,000 8,000 12,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 18,000 500 5,000 34,000 20,000 16,000 20,000 5,000 4,500 200 2,500 26,000 1,500 2,000 6,000 5,000 16,000 2,700 8,000 12,000 12,000 16,000 4,000 9,000 9,000 4,000 11,500 4,000 17,000 5,000 184,000 22,000 5,000 2,000 16,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 3,500 9,000 9,000 8,000 10,000 6,000 1,200 |
Acre Yield (tons) ,50 .55 1.04 .60 .63 .70 .62 .72 .72 .60 .90 .94 .85 .90 .90 • 1.04 1.11 1.00 .88 .92 1.07 .70 1.12 .90 .82 .85 1.00 .85 1.00 1.10 .85 .90 .90 .85 .92 .90 .85 .90 .90 1.05 1.00 .90 1.06 1.00 .75 1 1.00 .86 1.11 .78 .81 1.00 I 1.04 1.00 1 1.00 |
Produc- tion (tons) |
Acreage 1 14,000 1,600 23,000 7,500 11,000 4,000 3,600 5,000 21,000 500 4,400 32,000 19,000 15,800 20,500 5,000 4,600 200 2,600 26.000 1,800 2.000 6,500 5,000 16,000 3,000 7,700 12,000 12,000 16,500 3,500 9.700 9,000 4,000 10,000 3,600 16,400 4,600 1 1 184,000 23,000 5,000 2,000 1 16,000 1 4,000 1 4,000 1 3,000 j 3,500 1 8,500 I 7,000 1 7,000 ' 6,000 1 9,000 1 5,400 1 1,000 1 |
Acre Yield (tons) .80 .81 .93 .76 .75 .75 .56 .84 .80 .80 .68 1.00 .79 .82 .78 1.00 1.00 1.00 .89 .97 1.06 .90 1.15 1.00 .90 .80 .91 .90 .95 1.12 .69 .93 .78 .70 .65 .56 .58 .57 1 1.05 1.06 1.00 .90 1.04 1.05 .75 .93 .86 ■ .68 .64 .50 .67 .61 .56 .90 |
Produc- tion (tons) |
|
NORTHWESTERN Flathead |
6,500 800 24,000 4,800 7,500 2,800 2,500 3,600 13,000 300 4,500 32,000 17,000 14,400 18,000 5,200 5,000 200 2,200 24,000 1,600 1,400 6,700 4,500 13,000 2,300 8,000 10,200 12,000 17,500 3,400 8,100 8,100 3,400 10,600 3,600 14,400 4,500 165,000 23,000 5,000 1,800 17,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 10.000 7,000 0,500 6.500 10.400 6,000 1,200 |
11.200 1.300 21.400 5,700 8.200 3,000 2,000 4,200 16.800 |
||||
|
Liincoln i |
||||||
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine Chouteau Glacier Hill Liberty Pondera Teton |
||||||
|
Toole . |
400 |
|||||
|
NORTHEASTERN Daniels ... ... |
3.000 |
|||||
|
Phillips |
32.000 |
|||||
|
Roosevelt |
15.000 13,000 |
|||||
|
Sheridan |
||||||
|
Valley |
16,000 |
|||||
|
WEST CENTRAL Deer Lodge |
5,000 |
|||||
|
Granite |
4,600 |
|||||
|
Mineral |
200 |
|||||
|
Missoula . |
2,300 |
|||||
|
Powell |
25.200 |
|||||
|
Ravalli |
1,900 |
|||||
|
1,800 |
||||||
|
CENTRAL Broadwater |
7,500 |
|||||
|
Cascade |
5,000 |
|||||
|
Fergus „ Golden Valley |
14,400 2,400 |
|||||
|
Jefferson |
7,000 |
|||||
|
Judith Basin, |
10,800 |
|||||
|
Lewis & Clark .. .. |
11,400 |
|||||
|
Meagher |
18,500 |
|||||
|
Musselshell |
2,400 |
|||||
|
Wheatland |
9,000 |
|||||
|
EAST CENTRAL Dawson |
7,000 |
|||||
|
Garfield McCone |
2,800 6,500 |
|||||
|
Prairie |
2,000 |
|||||
|
Richland . . . |
9,500 |
|||||
|
Wibaux |
. 2,600 |
|||||
|
SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead Madison |
193,000 24.400 |
|||||
|
Silver Bow |
5,000 |
|||||
|
SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon Gallatin |
1,800 16 600 |
|||||
|
Park Stillwater |
4,200 3 000 |
|||||
|
Sweet Grass Yellowstone |
2,800 3,000 |
|||||
|
SOUTHEASTERN Big Horn Carter . . ... |
5,800 4,500 |
|||||
|
Custer |
3,500 |
|||||
|
Fallon |
4,000 5,500 3,000 900 |
|||||
|
Powder River Rosebud Treasure |
||||||
|
STATE TOTAL |
660,000
|
.90 |
594,000 |
I 1 653.000 |
.91 |
594,000 |
32
MONTANA FARM REVIEW TAME HAY BY VARIETIES — 1919-1923.
|
Acreage |
Yield Pro- per duction Acre Tons Tons |
Acreage |
Yield Per Acre Tons |
Pro- duction Tons |
||
|
ALFALFA HAY 1923 |
-.505,000 ..486,000 ..466,000 ..4:j4,000 -.374,000 .. 83,000 .- 83,000 -. 81,000 .. 90,000 -. 81.000 & TIMOTI -156.000 -.150.000 154.000 |
2.15 1.08( 2.20 1.06J 2.25 l,04i 2.15 91i 1.70 63e 1.63 13£ 1.50 12^ 1.40 11-3 1.50 13£ .80 6£ iY HAY 2.00 3U 1.90 28£ 1.70 262 1.80 252 1.10 12i |
J.OOO >.000 1 i.OOO 1 |
GRAIN cut green for hay 1923 197.000 |
1.37 1.40 1.20 1.15 .45 1.80 1.80 1.60 1.60 1.05 Lme Hay 1.54 1.64 1.37 1.44 .87 |
270.000 |
|
1922 |
1922 ,. |
195,000 |
273,000 |
|||
|
1921 |
1921 |
.. 202,000 |
242.000 |
|||
|
5.00i >,000 >.000 l.OOO 1.000 >.000 J.OOO 5.000 >.000 ,000 ,000 .000 |
1920 |
313,000 467,000 Y 52,000 45,000 44.000 42,000 |
360,000 |
|||
|
1919 |
1919 CLOVER HA 1923 1922 1921 |
210.000 |
||||
|
TIMOTHY HAY 1923 1922 |
94.000 81,000 |
|||||
|
1921 |
70.000 |
|||||
|
1920 |
1920 |
67.000 |
||||
|
1919 |
1919 |
38.000 |
40,000 |
|||
|
MIXED CLOVER 1923 |
MILLETT and Miscel. Te 1923 94.000 |
145,000 |
||||
|
1922 1921 |
1922 1921 |
86,000 98,000 96,000 82,000 |
141,000 134,000 |
|||
|
1920 |
..140.000 |
1920 1919 |
138,000 |
|||
|
1919 .. .. |
.-116.000 |
71,000 |
||||
|
FLAX BY |
ecu NTI ES^1922-1923 |
|||||
|
1922 1 1 |
1923 |
|||||
|
District and County |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine |
3,200 400 500 700 700 1,100 900 1,100 11,200 1,800 4,200 21,000 9,100 200 700 400 "300 3.600 2.800 3,400 1 1.800 5.100 2.500 600 400 600 1 800 1 2.200 200 600 2,000 |
1 1 1 i 5.0 16,000 1 3.2 1,300 1 6.6 3.300 1 4.8 3.400 1 4.7 1 3.300 1 7.5 1 8.200 1 6.7 1 6.000 4.8 1 5.300 6.2 69.500 5.3 9.500 1 7.8 1 32.800 1 8.3 1 174.000 1 5.4 1 49.400 t 1 8.0 1.600 1 7.6 1 5.300 1 6.7 1 2.700 1 7.6 1 2.300 I I 1 8.5 1 30.600 1 7.8 1 21.800 1 8.4 1 28.600 ' 1 7.4 1 13.300 1 7.5 ! 38,300 1 7.6 1 19.000 i 1 1 7.0 1 4.200 1 7.5 1 3,000 ! 1 1 10.0 1 6.000 ' 1 9.0 I 7,200 I 1 9.4 ! 20.700 1 8.0 I 1.600 1 1 7.6 1 3.800 1 1 1 1 1 6.6 1 13,000 1 1 1 1 |
1 4,Q00 17400 500 300 1,700 1,000 1,000 13,000 1,700 5,400 30,000 9,500 '900 300 400 400 6,000 1 3.500 1 7,000 1 2,500 1 6,300 3.500 1 600 400 1 1.000 1 1.400 1 3.600 1 400 1 500 1 1.800 1 |
9.5 576 6.0 5.3 7.0 8.5 4.5 9.0 7.5 7.7 8.8 8.6 l6!'5 6.7 10.5 8.7 7.0 12.0 8.2 7.1 7.5 T.S *., 6.0 5.3 8.5 9.5 8.2 |
38.000 |
|
|
Chouteau |
||||||
|
Glacier |
7,000 |
|||||
|
Hill |
3,000 |
|||||
|
Liberty |
1,600 |
|||||
|
Pondera |
12.000 |
|||||
|
Teton |
8.500 |
|||||
|
Toole . - |
4.500 |
|||||
|
NORTHEASTERN Daniels |
117.000 |
|||||
|
Phillips |
12.700 |
|||||
|
Roosevelt |
41.600 |
|||||
|
Sheridan |
264,000 |
|||||
|
Valley |
82.000 |
|||||
|
CENTRAL Cascade |
||||||
|
Fergus . . |
9.500 |
|||||
|
Golden Valley... Musselshell Wheatland EAST CENTRAL |
2.000 4.200 3.500 42.000 |
|||||
|
Garfield McCone Prairie Richland |
42.000 57.400 20.000 40.000 |
|||||
|
W^ibaux |
25.000 |
|||||
|
SOUTH CENTRAL Stillwater |
4.500 |
|||||
|
Sweet Grass.. .. |
3.000 |
|||||
|
SOHTHEASTERN Carter |
6.800 |
|||||
|
Custer |
8.400 |
|||||
|
Fallon |
19.000 |
|||||
|
Powder River ... Rosebud OTHERS |
|
3.400 4.700 14.700 |
||||
|
STATE TOTAL. |
84.000 |
1 7.2 1 605.000 1 |
1 110.000 1 |
8.6 . |
902,000 |
|
|
|
1 1 |
. . - |
MONTANA CROPS
33
FLAX.
Favorable market values and the farmers' need for cash caused an expansion in the acreage devoted to flax in 1923. Most of the state's flax is grown in the northeast quarter of the state, but a small amount is scattered over most of the plains area, except the central and south central sections. The factors which affected wheat so adversely in the east did less injury to the flax, and yields w^ere fairly good, in fact the best since 1916. Market prices held up so that some profit was realized from flax sales, and there promises to be a heavy increase in the flax acreage in 1924.
Distnbufion of fL
' f92J-l/0.000
POTATOES.
A decided reduction in the acreage of commercial potatoes occurred in 1923, less marked in Ravalli, Flathead, and Blain counties than in others. The major part of the commercial potato fields are located in the western counties. Average yields in 1923 were not up to average, even on irrigated lands. Growers are giving more attention to the use of good seed, and to the production of certified seed for local and outside markets. The results of the past two years indicate an expansion in this field.
CARLOT SHIPMENTS OF MONTANA POTATOES.
1923 574 (to Apr. 12, 1924)
1922 1061 (to Apr. 14, 1923)
1922 _ 1412 (total shipments)
1921 1838 (total shipments)
1920 : 932 (total shipments)
34
MONTANA "FARM REVIEW POTATOES BY COUNTIES — 1922 and 1923.
|
1922 |
1923 |
|||||
|
District and County |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
Acreage |
Acre Yield (bu.) |
Produc- tion (bu.) |
|
NORTHWESTERN Flathead |
4,500 900 600 600 200 450 100 550 500 150 350 700 600 850 900 1,100 350 150 1,500 1.600 3,200 900 450 1.200 1,700 350 1.400 500 1,900 1 bOO 1 400 j 400 700 700 i 600 1 300 ! 1,400 1 500 I 1 600 1 1,600 1 200 1 1 1,600 1 1,300 1 600 1 500 1 450 1 1,600 1 1 1 450 1 250 1 750 1 550 1 250 1 500 1 350 |
127 112 97 99 115 94 90 111 108 93 108 114 112 110 105 148 132 134 103 144 1 150 116 136 120 1 83 1 86 150 1 88 1 152 1 104 1 95 1 95 1 110 1 96 1 103 1 107 1 140 1 120 1 142 1 178 I 90 1 130 1 153 1 150 I 146 1 140 1 134 1 120 I 112 1 120 1 116 I 111 1 112 1 115 |
571,000 101,000 58,000 59,000 23,000 42,000 9,000 61,000 54,000 14,000 38,000 80,000 67,000 94,000 95,000 163.000 46,000 20,000 155.000 230,000 480,000 105,000 61,000 144,000 141.000 30.000 210,000 44.000 290,000 31,000 38.000 38,000 77,000 67,000 62.000 32,000 196.000 60.000 85.000 1 285,000 I 18,000 1 208.000 1 199.000 1 90.000 1 73,000 1 63.000 I 214,000 1 54.000 1 28.000 1 90.000 1 64,000 1 28.000 1 56.000 1 29.000 |
3,500 700 600 500 200 400 100 500 500 150 300 600 550 800 700 900 300 150 1,100 1,100 2,100 800 1 1 450 1 900 1 1,400 1 300 1 1,000 1 500 1 1,400 1 250 1 300 1 350 I 1 600 1 600 I 600 I 300 1 1,000 1 400 1 1 1 500 1 1.200 ! 200 I 1 1.150 1 800 1 450 I 450 1 350 1' 1.300 ! 1 1 350 1 250 1 600 1 500 1 250 1 500 260 |
100 90 120 90 100 90 100 130 120 80 90 92 69 70 74 138 133 120 90 110 140 100 145 I 114 1 121 1 107 1 145 I 110 1 124 1 100 1 83 ! 100 72 1 79 1 75 1 73 I 85 1 75 I 146 1 155 1 100 I 130 1 144 1 178 I 122 ! 150 ' 134 1 109 I 76 ! 67 1 56 1 72 1 94 1 112 |
350,000 63,000 72.000 45,000 20,000 36,000 10.000 65,000 60,000 12 000 |
|
Lincoln |
||||||
|
NORTH CENTRAL Blaine Chouteau Glacier . |
||||||
|
Hill ^ Liberty |
||||||
|
Pondera |
||||||
|
Teton |
||||||
|
Toole |
||||||
|
NORTHEASTERN Daniels Phillips Roosevelt Sheridan Valley WEST CENTRAL Deer Lodge Granite .... |
27,000 55,000 38.000 56.000 52,000 124,000 40,000 18,000 99.000 121.000 294.000 80,000 65,000 103.000 169,000 32,000 145,000 55.000 174,000 25,000 |
|||||
|
Mineral |
||||||
|
Missoula . |
||||||
|
Powell |
||||||
|
Ravalli Sanders CENTRAL Broadwater Cascade Fergus Golden Valley Jefferson Judith Basin Lewis & Clark |
||||||
|
Meagher |
||||||
|
Musselshell Wheatland EAST CENTRAL Dawson Garfield McCone Prairie Richland • |
25,000 35.000 1 43.000 47,000 45,000 22,000 85.000 |
|||||
|
Wibaux SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead Madison Silver Bow SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon Gallatin |
30.000 73,000 1 186.000 1 20,000 150,000 1 115 000 |
|||||
|
Park Stillwater . ... |
1 80,000 1 55 000 |
|||||
|
Sweet Grass Yellowstone . . .. |
1 52.000 1 174 000 |
|||||
|
SOUTHEASTERN Big Horn |
1 38.000 1 19.000 1 40.000 1 28 000 |
|||||
|
Carter Custer Fallon |
||||||
|
Powder River |
1 18 000 |
|||||
|
Rosebud Treasure |
1 47.000 1 28,000 |
|||||
|
STATE TOTAL |
1 1 45.000 1 |
1 126 1 |
I 5.670.000 |
II II 36.000 1 |
I 111 |
1 3.960.000 1 |
MONTANA CROPS 35
APPLES.
About 90 per cent of our apples are produced west of the Continental Divide, and there conditions favored the production of a large crop in 1923. But there is a considerable number of neglected orchards ; diseases were worse than usual, and rare hail storms did a great amount of injury to the fruit in Ravalli county, so that the amount of fancy and high grade apples was comparatively small. Most of the apples sold from Carbon county orchards are now sold locally or trucked out to nearby towns.
MONTANA COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTION.
|
Crop Year |
Total Crop (bushels) |
Commercial Crop 1 (boxes) |
Cars Shipped of this Crop |
||
|
1923 |
990.000 610,000 975,000 |
1 369,000 1 300,000 1 521,000 1 |
I 1 1 |
440* |
|
|
1922 - |
351 |
||||
|
1921 |
687 |
||||
|
1 |
•Partly estimated.
OTHER FRUITS.
Next to apples, cherries constitute Montana's most important fruit crop. Practically all of them are raised in counties west of the Divide. The large sweet cherries of the Flathead region, and the canning cherries of the Bitter Root Valley, are worthy of mention as important sources of farm income. A considerable expansion in the number of cherry trees of both types took place in 192S.
Small fruit and pears are locally important in the western counties also, and some are shipped out.
BEANS.
The acreage planted to beans increased several hundred per cent over that of 1922. The Great Northern variety is grown almost exclusively for sale. Most of the 1923 acreage was in Yellowstone, Carbon, Big Horn and Stillwater counties, but many other counties give promise of having comparatively large bean acreages in 192i. The beans are grown on both irrigated and non-irrigated land, and the 1923 average yields were very good. Market prices were such that growers would have realized a very satisfactory profit on the crop had not unusually persistent fall rains caused severe injury to most of the crop which was not yet threshed.
SUGAR BEETS.
The sugar beet acreage in 1923 was increased greatly over that for 1922. Montana beets are grown chiefly in Yellowstone, Carbon, Stillwater, Big Horn, Treasure, and Richland counties. Approximately 25,000 acres were grown in 1923. The average yield per acre was close to 11 tons, and the returns netted a profit to growers. Several thousand head of cattle, sheep, and lambs were fattened during the past winter around Billings, the wet pulp from the Billings sugar factory forming the basis of the fattening ration. This feeding industry is only one of the direct advantages resulting from sugar beet production. There apparently will be considerable expansion in the acreage for 1924, including more extensive trial plantings in the Milk River Valley and on the Sun River Project which were begun in 1923.
ALFALFA SEED.
The alfalfa seed crop for 1923 was fairly satisfactory in the southeast fourth of the state, both as to yield and prices received. The production in the northern counties along the Milk River was cut down on account of the June floods and grasshoppers, while the conditions were unfavorable to good yields in Sanders county. Most of the crop last year was produced in localities more or less distant from shipping points, such as in Garfield, Big Horn, Rosebud, and Powder River counties. This crop possesses a distinct advantage for such localities, because of its relatively low bulk and high value. Under continuing favorable markets alfalfa seed production will probably increase.
36
MONTANA FARM REVIEW
SEED AND CANNING PEAS.
Several companies contract with farmers to grow seed peas each year, and this is one of the important crops in some counties. Most of the seed peas are grown in the irrigated valleys of the south central, southwestern, and western districts. Growing conditions were not the best in 1923, and hail damaged peas in several localities, so the average yield per acre was much lower than usual. There are several advantages to farmers in growing this crop, and the excellent quality of seed produced seems to insure a moderate increase in acreage.
Peas for canning were grown in Gallatin and Ravalli counties, and good profits were generally reported from this crop, besides the obvious value resulting from growing it in rotation with other crops. There are also indications of expansion in the canning pea acreage. i#i
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS.
Among the miscellaneous crops of importance that are grown should be mentioned sweet clover seed, timothy seed, sunflowers for silage, melons, cucumber seed, vegetables and truck crops. Not a few farmers secure the main part of their cash income from the seed crops.
ESTIMATED AVERAGE YIELDS PER ACRE ON IRRIGATED, NON-IRRIGATED LANDS,
AND FOR ENTIRE STATE — 1923.
MONTANA.
UNITED STATES
|
Crops |
Irrigated |
Non -Irrigated |
Ave. for |
State |
Average |
|
Winter Wheat Spring- Wheat |
26.0 Bus. 24.0 Bus. 46.0 Bus. 35.0 Bus. 16.0 Bus. 12.0 Bus. 38.0 Bus. 147.0 Bus. 23.0 Bus. 3.00 Tons 2.30 Tons 1.15 Tons 7.50 Tons 11.0 Tons |
16.9 Bus. 14.1 Bus. 30.0 Bus. 23.0 Bus. 10.9 Bus. 8.2 Bus. 25.5 Bus. 90.0 Bus. 11.5 Bus. 1.30 Tons 1.50 Tons .75 Tons 4.10 Tons ! Tons |
17.0 14.3 33.0 25.5 11.0 8.2 26.0 110.0 18.0 2.15 1.88 .91 5.00 11.0 |
Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus. Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons |
14.5 Bus. 11.4 Bus. |
|
Oats |
31 8 Bus |
||||
|
Barley |
25.1 Bus. |
||||
|
Rye . - |
12 2 Bus. |
||||
|
Flax |
8.5 Bus. |
||||
|
Corn |
29.3 Bus. |
||||
|
Potatoes |
108.1 Bus. |
||||
|
Beans |
12.1 Bus. |
||||
|
Alfalfa Hay |
2.63 Tons |
||||
|
All Tame Hay |
1.48 Tons |
||||
|
Wild Hay |
1.11 Tons |
||||
|
Com Silage |
Tons |
||||
|
Sugar Beets |
10.59 Tons |
||||
AVERAGE WAGES OF MALE FARM LABOR IN MONTANA
Per Month
With Board
Without Board
Per Day at Harvest
\\ Per Dav Other Than 1 Harvest
With Board
1910 II $38.00 I $50.00
1922 II 42.20 I 63.00
1923 II 48.00 I 65.50
United States 1923 M 33.18 I 46.91
$ 2.05 3.60 3.60 2.45
Without Board
With Board
$ 2.80 4.40 4.52 3.03
$ 1.77 2.40 2.70 1 93
Without Board
$ 2.66 3.20 3.55 2.47
MONTANA'S AREA — Montana ranks third in area of all the states. It averages 275 miles in width from north to south, and 535 miles in length. It contains 94,078.080 acres, of which 589,440 acres are water surface. The land of the state has been roughly classified into: Farming land, 80,000,000 acres: mountain and forest lands, 26,000.000 acres; and grazing land, 37,000,000 acres.
MONTANA CEOPS
37
38 MONTANA FARM REVIEW
Index
Pages ACREAGE 16,19,20
ALFALFA — See crops
APPLES— See crops
ASSESSED VALUATIONS 19
BARLEY : 26
BEANS 35
BEEF CATTLE 3,8,10
Shipments from Moutaua 8
Output of (graph) ._ : 8
Distribution of 10
BEES AND HONEY 3
CALF AND LAMB CROPS 5
CORN : '. 28-29
CROPS 15-36
Alfalfa Seed 35
Apples 35
Average yield per acre 36
Barley 26
Beans , 35
Changes in average acreage per farm of (graph) 20
Corn 2&-29
Flax 32-33
General Summary of 17
Hay :... 29-32
Miscellaneous crops 36
Montana's rank with other states 18
Net returns from 15
Oats - 24-25
Other fruits 35
Percentages sold of, 1923 17
Potatoes 33-34
Relative acreages of, 1923 (graph) 16
Relative importance of, 1923 (graph) : 18
Reporting districts, map of Inside front cover
Rye 27
Seed and canning peas 36
Sugar beets 35
Total cropped area ^ 15
Total farm value of all crops produced, 1923, by counties (graph) 14
Trend of acreage of principal crops (graph) 19
Wheat 21-24
INDEX 39
Pages
DAIRYING - 4,7,8
Distribution of milk cows (map) 7
Location of creameries and cheese factories (map) : 7
Manufactured dairy products 8
Milk cows and dairying 4
Number of milk cows by counties 7
FLAX : - 32-33
FOREWORD :: — - 2
HAY 2»-32
HOGS : 3
Distribution of : 11
HORSES 4-«
IRRIGATED AREAS 37
LABOR, wages of, on farms 36
LANDS - : '..... 19-20
Assessed valuation - " 19
Plow lands, value of 20
livestock; 3-13
Beef cattle 3
Beef cattle, distribution of (map) 10
Bees and Honey 3
Calf and lamb crops, and losses of cattle and sheep 5
Cattle shipments from Montana 8
Cattle output 1885-1923 (graph) 8
Combined receipts from, and products sold and value of all crops produced
in 1923, by counties (graph) 13
Farm receipts of (graph) 9
Gross farm receipts from farms and ranches, 1923 11
Hogs 3
Hogs, distribution of (map) 11
Horses 4
Income from and products sold , 11
Location of creameries and cheese factories 7
Manufactured dairy products 8
Milk cows and dairying 4
Milk cows, distribution of (map) 7
Montana wool production 5
Number of milk cows by counties 7
Numbers and values of 5
Number of horses, cattle and sheep by counties 6
Poultry 4
Receipts by counties of, and products sold, 1923 (graph) 12
Sheep 8
Sheep, distribution of (map) 10
40 MONTANA f'ARM REVIEW
Pages LOSSES OF CATTLE AND SHEEP 5
MILK COWS— See Dairying
MONTANA—
Rank in crops 18
Relative importance of crops 18
OATS 24-25
ORCHARDS : 38
POTATOES 33-34
POULTRY 4
PRODUCTION, See livestock, crops
RYE ■ 27
SEED CROPS 36
SHEEP 3
Distribution of (map) 10
SUGAR BEETS : 35
WHEAT 21,22.23,24
WOOL 5
MIttOULUN PUB. CO <iUiM> MIStOULA MONTANA
mm
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