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STATE DOCUMENTS

Farm Review

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MONTANA ST
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Helena, Mont

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MONTANA

1927 FARM REVIEW EDITION

By

The State-Federal Crop Reporting Service

JAY G. DIAMOND, Agricultural Statistician

and RICHARD C. ROS'S, Assistant Agricultural Statistician

U. S* Bureau of Agricultural Economics

L. S. TENNY, Chief
Co-operating with the Department of

Agriculture, Labor and Industry

Published by

DIVISION OF PUBLICITY

A. H. BOWMAN BARCLAY CRAIGHEAD

Commissioner Publicity Division

Entered as Second Class Matter May 25, 1926, at the Postoffice of Helena,
Montana, under the Act of June 6, 1900.

VOLUME II NUMBER 6

This Puhlication Is Issued and Circulnted By Authority
of the State of Montana

APRIL, 1928

Published Six Times a Year

State Capitol Building Corner, Sixth and Montana

HELENA, MONTANA

FOREWORD

The 1921 Farm Review marks the sixth edition of this an-
nual summary of crop and livestock estimates with compara-
tive data compiled hy the State and Federal Crop Reporting
Staff.

From these Reviews it is hoped that those people who are
interested in the yearly agricultural progress of the state may
obtain useful basic material.

These annual Reviews are m<ide available to Monta/na pro-
ducers by reason of the cooperation between the Federal
Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Publicity Division
of the State Department of Agriculture , under which agree-
ment all the Federal crop and livestock reporting work of
the state is conducted.

The Farm Review is deeply indebted to Dr. W. J.
Butler. State Veterinarian, E. A. Phillips, Secretary of the
State Livestock Commission, and to the State Railroad Com-
mission, the State Board of Equalization^ the office of the
State Bank Examiner and the State Land Office for much
valuable statistical information relating to Montana Agricul-
ture. Members of the State Extension Service, especially the
County Agents, have contributed much valuable information.

For the basic data upon which the estimates are made the
crop reporting service is indebted to upivards of 3,000 Mon-
tana farmers and stockmsn whose loyal cooperation in report-
ing work has made possible considerable improvement in
estimates and forecasts in recent years.

The bulk of the text of the present bulletin was prepared
by Richard C. Ross, Assistant Agricultural Statistician for
Montana. All of the graphs were prepared by the Office of
the State Engineer without cost to the publication. County
computations were made by Robert Sharpies and Mildred R.
Cossey. The cover was suggested by Ray Bowden, Publicity
Director of the State College.

JAY a. DIAMOND,

Agricultural Statistician.
Helena, Montana
March, 1928.

GENERAL REVIEW

Montana farmers broke all their pre-
vious records for crop production in 1927
when, with numbers equal to less than
one per cent of the nation's farm popula-
tion, they cultivated a little over two per
cent of the nation's total crop acreage to
produce 1.8 per cent of the total crop val-
ue of the UnitedStates, Over nine per
cent of the nation's wheat, the most im-
portant single item of cash income for
the Montana farmer, was produced in this
state. Increased gross production of
crops was noted in all counties in the
state, but total value of crops in a few
sections was slightly less than in 1926,
due to lower prices.

In contrast with 1926, there was no
section of the state which experienced
crop failure. The apple crop was consid-
erably lighter than usual and certain
other minor crops as alfalfa seed and clover seed suffered decreases in production,
but the state as a whole record the best agricultural year in its history to date.

AGGREGATE PRODUCTION LARGER IN 1927

The estimated aggregate crop production of all crops for 1927 season was the
greatest the state has ever known, exceeding the tonnage of the previous record
crop of 1924 by nearly forty per cent. The total crop production for 1927 was
over sixty per cent greater than that of the 1926 crop and a little over sixty per
cent greater than that of the 1925 crop.

Conditions favorable for major crop yields were very uniform over the state,
as contrasted with 1926 when the east central and southeastern counties suffered

TOTAL. TONNAGE

OF ALL IMPORTANT CROPS OF MONTANA

£:a2-,ato3

CM

a varying amount of yield damage by a general early summer drouth in that area.
Some of the minor crops did not fare so well. Apples, due largely to unfavorable
weather conditions in the spring, produced only about half a normal crop and
the production of alfalfa seed was spotted throughout the state, because of a late
spring and injurious local rains that damaged the crop in many areas.

GROWING SEASON GOOD IN 1927

In spite of a continued lateness of the growing season progress of most
crops throughout the whole season proved to be the best in years. The reason
for this lay in the excellent moisture supplies that characterized the entire growth
period. Such late crops as did not mature at usual dates also were favored by
very favorable weather for maturity that came at the end of the season.

The spring was a "slow" one. Temperatures were below normal until June.
Precipitation while below normal part of the time, was very evenly distributed
over the whole state and because of the lower temperatures was sufficient to
maintain the supply of reserve soil moisture. There was, furthermore, a supply
of soil moisture that had penetrated to great depth before freezing in the previous
fall which started the new crop under the best moisture conditions in years.
Plant growth was retarded until late May or early June in nearly all parts of the
state, but progressed rapidly from that time on. In fact, the fine growing
weather in June and the favorable soil moisture reserves encouraged the farmers
to plant the largest acreage in total crops that the state has ever known. At
the time prospects appeared good for all crops except those which need the full
growing season in Montana to come to maturity, in particular, sugar beets, corn,
and beans.

Weather during the remainder of the growing season continued in the fav-
orable trend that was observed in June. Temperatures continued generally
slightly below normal and precipitation averaged above normal, coming in well
distributed general showers and light rains. Hail damage occurred in local areas
but was not unusually severe in any large sections of the state. Absence of hot
wind damage carried the grain crops through the critical period of July in excel-
lent shape.

By the first of August most crops had somewhat overcome the late start.
Winter wheat and rye were from ten days to two weeks later than usual in
ripening, but the bulk of the spring grain acreage appeared to be approaching
maturity not much later than normal. August frosts caused some damage to
wheat and flax in isolated areas in some of the northern border counties. The
total effect of this damage, however, was small.

In spite of local light showers throughout practically the whole harvesting
season threshing progressed at a rapid rate and except in a few sections where
crops were very late was finished ahead of the fall snows. . Killing frosts were
reported in different parts of the state from September 15 to September 25, but
the temperatures did not stay below freezing for any length of time and very
little damage was done to crops. The long Indian summer resulting from this
holding off of cold weather allowed corn, sugar beets, beans, and much late
wheat to mature. The percentage of mature corn in the state was about norm-
al. The bean crop developed to be by far the largest the state has known.

MONTANA RETURN ON FARM INVESTMENT HIGHER

That Montana wheat farmers enjoy a rate of income from their investment in
land that is probably higher than for many other states is shown in the accom-
panying table. In 1927, good plow land in Montana that was planted to spring
wheat, the most important single item of farm income in the state, returned to
the farmer 71 per cent on the 1925* estimated value of the land. Comparison
with other states is shown in the table.

These figures are estimates derived from averages of reports of farmers
themselves. The land value, that of good plow land in all instances, is reported
in March of each year. Yield per acre data is the final estimate for each state.
The price used is the price per bushel received by the farmers on December 1.
Land value estimates are for March 1, 1925.*

PERCENTAGE INCOME FROM FARM INVESTMENT

arpArnr Value of Good Acre Value of Percentage of Value

^^^^^ Plow Land Spring Wheat Returned by 1927 Crop

Montana $28.00 $19.98 71.4%

North Dakota 37.00 13.21 35.7

South Dakota 68.00 15.69 23.1

Washington 102.00 21.80 21.4

Iowa 162.00 17.82 11.0

Illinois 153.00 21.06 13.8

* 1925 Values used for reason that comparable data on land values was not available for all states
compared here for either 1926 or 1927.

PRODUCTION TRENDS UPWARD IN 1927:
PRICE TRENDS DOWN

Accompanying the large increase in crop production in 1927, the trend of
prices was steadily downward through the season for practically all of the crops
grown in Montana. In fact, prices for most of the crops this past season averaged
lower than in any year in the four year period of 1924 to 1927. The compensating
factor for the farmer this year was chiefly the higher yields per acre that in-
creased the value per acre for most crops above that of other years when prices
were much higher, but lower yields were harvested.

TREND OF TAXES

AVERAGE TAXES
IN CENTS PER ACQZ OF FARM LAND
AND PER HEAD OF CATTLE S'SHEEP

LEGEND

t Avg tax peracre
Avg.tav per head coHle
Avg tax per heod sheep.

Data from the State Board of Equal-
ization shows the trend of taxes per acre
of all farm lands in Montana continuing
downward in 1927. Since 1924 the gen-
eral trend of taxes per head of cattle and
of sheep has been upward but while the
average tax per head for 1927 was higher
than last year for cattle, it was lower for
sheep.

Comparison of the taxes per acre on
farm lands, as shown in this table, with
the table of land values as estimated by
crop reporters indicates that tax values
have decreased almost proportionately to
the decrease in land values.

It is interesting to note that taxes on
land are slightly less than in the war
year of 1918, while the 1927 taxes on
cattle and sheep were only a little more
than half what they were in 1918.

TREND OF TAXES

1918

Cents

Average Tax per Acre Farm Land 14.5

Average Tax per Head Cattle 104.0

Average Tax per Head Sheep 28.3

1919

1920

1924

1925

1926

1927

Cents
18.0
94.8
16.7

Cents
19.3
87.1
18.6

Cents
15.4
45.5
11.9

Cents
14.5
44.5
14.3

Cents
14.1
53.6
17.6

Cents
14.0
56.2
16.2

AVERAGE ASSESSED VALUATION OF MONTANA LANDS

A decrease in the average assessed valuation of all classes of Montana lands
except dry lands was noted in 1927. This difference probably reflects the 1926
drouth situation over much of the state. Comparison of the assessed valuation
by years for irrigated land, dry land, grazing land, and all land is shown in the
accompanying table.

AVERAGE ASSESSED VALUATION OF MONTANA LANDS

1923 1924 1925 1926 1927

Irrigated Land $61.16 $62.87 $50.95 $60.80 $48.90

Dry Land 18.47 18.97 13.44 12.90 13.20

Grazing: Lands „ 6.08 6.89 4.96 4.80 4.70

All Agricultural Lands 9.59 9.30 9.10

TREND OF LAND VALUES

TREND OF LAND N^O-UES
IMPROVED FARM LAND

Reports of March 1, 1927, show that
Montana land values had dropped even
Icwer than the 1925 values, which were
the lowest since 1918. The low valuation
of March 1 reflects the absence in the
land situation in Montana as yet of any
strong outside inquiry for farm lands.
While some increase in land values may
be expected to follow the general trend
of better crops during the past five years
and some improvement in local demand
is noted, such demand as yet has not been
sufficient to meet the heavy offerings of
land on part of those who acquired Mon-
tana farms during the early part of the
depression period. Most observers of the
farm land situation believe that present
values are very low in comparison with
what the land is worth under present con-
ditions. This however is a healthy con-
dition in that Montana can offer the new
settler an opportunity to buy good farm
lands at a relatively low price compared with earning capacity under the present
condition of agriculture generally.

MARCH 1 VALUE PER ACRE OF MONTANA FARM LAND

1919 1920 1924 1925 1926

Good Plow Land _ $46.30 $60.60 $30.00 $27.90 $29.60

Poor Plow Land 20.00 21.80 12.50 13.00 13.50

All Plow Land _. _ 33.60 36.00 21.50 18.50 22.50

All Farm Land (Improved) 40.00 42.20 25.50 23.50 27.00

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All Farm Land (Unimproved) 32.50

35.50

19.00

15.00

19.00

1927
$26.50
12.80
19.70
23.80
16.61

IMPORTS OF FARM IMPLEMENTS

Although no complete records of sales of farm implements in Montana are
available, reports of railroads to the Montana Railroad Commission show con-
siderable increase in 1927 in the shipments of all farm implements. From these
records one can judge roughly the trend of sales of this commodity in the state.

The table shows that from 1919 to 1925 there was a decided downward trend
in farm implement shipments. The data indicates a reversal of this trend in
1926, however, when shipments increased over both 1925 and 1924. The shipments
for 1927 show a continuation of this upward trend. It is generally expected that
sales of farm implements in 1928 will exceed those of last year.

Increased sales of farm implements in 1927 were mainly of certain types of
machinery. Sales of combine-threshers were increased heavily over all previous
years. There was also an increase in sales of tractors and of field cultivators.
Estimates of State College officials place the number of tractors sold in Montana
in 1927 at about 3,500, the number of combines sold at over 900 and the number
of duckfoot cultivators sold at over 2,300. These figures are taken to mean a
considerable increase over sales of this item in 1926 for which data is less com-
plete.

IMPORTS OF FARM IMPLEMENTS IN 1927

Year
1919
1920
1924
1926
1926
1927

Cars

....671

,...642

....249

.196

,271

-...J28

BANK DEPOSITS 1927

TOTAL RESOURCES
OF ALL MONTANA BANKS

D£C€MB£R ^

\ % %

M/LL /<j>/V^ 0/-| POL L4*ftS

%

Reports from Montana's banks on De-
cember 31, 1927, showed that total re-
sources of banks in the state were $193,-
127,975, an increase of about $17,000,000
over the previous year, and that total
deposits in the state were $171,232,374
as compared with $150,969,000 on Decem-
ber 31, 1926, and with $114,135,768 in
1925. In a state like Montana where a
good share of total banking transactions
are contributed in some manner by agri-
culture this higher physical condition of
banks may be assumed to reflect better
financial condition of the agricultural
interests of the state.

There were 205 banks in the state at the end of 1927, including 132 state, 71
national, and two private banks. At the end of the previous year, there were 137
state banks and of the five banks which went out of business during the year there
was only one failure. One bank underwent voluntary liquidation, paying 100 per
cent dividends at once and the other three were consolidated into other banks. In
1920 there were 288 state banks and 142 private banks in the state.

Population per bank has increased steadily since the war deflation period
until in 1927 each bank in the state served an average of 2,663 persons, compared
with 2,177 in 1926, and 1,276 in 1920.

Total deposits on December 31, last year include $106,150,303 in demand
deposits and $65,032,070 in time and savings deposits.

Total deposits per capita average over $313, for every person in the state,
compared with $272 at the beginning of 1926 and $279 at the beginning of 1927.
Per capita demand deposits are $194 and per capita time and savings deposits
are $119.

The average deposits per bank amongi the national banks are $1,237,225 and
among the state and private banks $622,308. The average for all banks is $835,-
279.

TREND OF FARM LABOR WAGES

AVERASe MONTHLY FARM WAGES
WITH BOARa FOR MONTANA

I
OBO-

75-

O 0»

The average wages paid to farm labor-
ers for 1927 reached the highest levels
they have touched since the peak year of
1920. Since the decided drop, immediate-
ly following that year, the trend has been
slowly upward. In October, 1927, the
average wage per month, with board,
paid to the Montana farm laborer wa«
$60.25. This figure compares with $52.50,
the wage paid in October, 1926, and
$56.50, the wage paid in October, 1925.
The average monthly wage for October
this year, with board, for the eleven west-
ern states was $56.39 and for the United
States was $35.68. Farm wages are
ordinarily higher in Montana than in
most other parts of the country.

Crop correspondents throughout the
state report average farm wages for their
communities quarterly, in January, April,
July, and October and from these reports
are computed the state averages.

—7—

AVERAGE WAGE PAID MONTANA FARM LABOR

Wage By The Month Wages By The Day

With Board Without Board With Board Without Board

1920 $75.40 $105.00 $5.20 $6.20

1921 42.10 63.00 2.92 3.65

1924 48.70 69.10 2.50 3.60

1926 49.10 69.30 2.70 8.52

1926 ; 60.10 70.60 2.76 8.50

1927 52.10 72.70 2.88 3.71

PRICE MOVEMENTS IN 1927

PRICES OF FIVE MONTANA CROPS

3SO
525

300
273
250
2Z5
200
175
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73
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32S
300
273
230
22S
200

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It is important for the farmer to know
the trends of the prices of both agricul-
tural products and non-agricultural prod-
ucts, because he must exchange a large
portion of his production for non-agri-
cultural products. High prices for farm
products are discounted if prices for the
non-agricultural products, or those things
that the farmer buys, are relatively high-
er. Following the close of the war, when
the drop in prices came, it was the farm-
er's products which suffered the greatest
decreases. This was unfortunate for the
farmer, for though he was still getting
higher prices for his products than before
the war he had to pay relatively more
for the things he bought than he received
for the things he was selling.

For several years there has been a slow
improvement in this situation. During
1927 the purchasing power of the farm
dollar for the nation as a whole has in-
creased from 81 in January to a high point
of 92 in September and October and to
91 for November and December.

INDEX NUMBERS OF FARM PRICES AND WHOLESALE PRICES OF
NON-AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

Index numbers of farm prices (August, 1909-July, 1914=100)

Relative
Index Purchas-
VflOY. Fruits Tkoj^, -P/^^u^r Cotton of ing

«^Y rr»?n, and Meat pjfi^t, P.rSn^« ^^ All Non- Power

Mnnth Vegeta- Animals Products Products Cotton Groups Agricul- of

^**"^*^ bles ^^^ ^^^ Seed tural Farm

prices Prod-
ucts

1919 231 189 206 173 206 247 209 199 106

1920 231 249 173 188 222 248 205 241 85

1921 112 148 108 148 161 101 116 167 69

1922 105 152 113 134 139 156 124 168 74

1923 „ 114 136 106 148 145 216 135 171 79

1924 129 124 109 134 147 211 134 162 83

1925 166 160 139 137 161 177 147 165 89

1926 129 189 146 136 156 122 136 161 85

November 121 142 142 141 202 88 130 161 80

December 120 137 140 144 212 81 127 158 80

1927

January 120 140 140 144 173 85 126 156 81

February 122 142 143 143 146 94 127 155 82

March 121 140 144 139 115 102 126 153 82

April 119 147 143 140 114 101 125 151 83

May 127 158 137 136 112 113 126 150 84

June „ 140 201 129 132 102 119 130 150 86

July 189 195 131 130 112 125 130 151 87

August 188 172 136 129 122 136 132 151 88

September 184 146 142 135 143 179 140 152 92

October 128 138 145 139 167 169 139 151 92

November 120 'ISO 141 141 189 162 ♦137 151 91

December 123 141 138 145 195 153 137 151 91

(1) Prices of milk and farm butter. Source : U. S. Department of Agriculture, Crops and Markets

(2) Prices of chickens and eggs. Index of dairy and poultry products — December 158 ; November,
168; and December, 1926, 161. * Revised.

The method of determining the comparison between prices for farm products

and non-agricultural products uses index numbers. In computing the farm price
index number of an item, the average farm price of the years 1909 to 1913, is
taken as a base, or 100 per cent, and is divided by the farm price for any month,
or the average for any year to obtain the price index of that month or year.

The purchasing power is obtained by dividing the index of agricultural prices
by the index of non-agricultural prices.

In the accompanying table it will be noted that the average price index of
all agricultural commodities, after some fluctuations during the early spring
months, mounted steadily from 126 in January to the high point of 140 in Sep-
tember, with a final index of 137 for December. This is in contrast with the index
of non-agricultural products which, beginning with 156 in January, dropped
steadily to 151 at the end of the year.

The table shows that the level of cotton prices was raised decidedly during
the year, that fruit prices remained practically unchanged, that meat prices stayed
at about the same levels (though prices for beef were considerably higher than
1926,) that grains showed a slight increase over last year, and that other
commodities remained at about the same levels.

MONTANA PURCHASING POWER

PURCHASINe POV/ER

NOV^EMBER.

A/<5A

(TANAX

■1 UNITED STATES 1 1

-9cy

-70

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The relative November purchasing
power of the Montana farm dollar in-
creased from eighty-one per cent in 1926
to eighty-nine per cent in 1927, but did
not keep pace with the United States
purchasing power, which increased from
eighty per cent in 1926 to ninety-two per
cent in 1927. Both purchasing powers
were computed as of date November 1 of
each year.

This purchasing power of eighty-nine
indicates that one dollar on November 1,
1927 was equal in buying power of manu-
factured commodities to the buying pow-
er of eighty-nine cents for the average
of the years 1909 to 1914. The purchas-
ing power of the United States farm dol-
lar is obtained by dividing the price index
of thirty of the most important farm
commodities by the index of wholesale prices of non-agricultural products. That
for Montana is obtained by weighting the United States purchasing powers ac-
cording to the relative importance of the groups in Montana.

That the purchasing power of the Montana farm dollar should fail to gain
in proportion with that of the United states in the year of the biggest crop in
Montana history may seem strange. However, it must be noted that cotton, which
has the highest purchasing power of any of the agricultural commodities for the
United States must be omitted in weighting the Montana purchasing power. Last
year the purchasing power of cotton was low, raising the purchasing power of
the Montana farm dollar compared with the national average. It will be noted
that though the farm dollar in Montana now is not worth as much as is the
United States farm dollar, the Montana dollar is now worth more than during
four previous years.

The prices received for grains, from which Montana receives 54 per cent of
her farm income, were much lower in 1927 than in 1926 and while prices of cattle
and other meat animals were higher than the previous year, shipments to market
were lower than in 1926, failing to offset the loss in case of the grains. The
other commodity groups used in computing the purchasing power constitute only
18 per cent of the total income value of the state for the past year.

NOVEMBER PURCHASING POWER IN CENTS

ALL GROUPS 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927

Montana 68 84 82 81 89

United States 83 86 87 80 92

Purchasing Power U. S.
Averi^e November

GROUP 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927

Grains 68

Meat Animals 61

Dairy & Poultry 102

Fruit & Vegetable. 70

Cotton 288

Unclassified 69

92

83

75

84

72

82

88

96

94

98

97

97

67

117

88

91

79

87

59

112

6«

57

60

55

Montana Weights

i
(Percent-

age of Montana Farm

in- •>

come from each item.

1923 1924

1925

1926

L927 i

40 53

37

39

64

34 26

37

38

28

11 9

11

11

10

3 2

3

2

1 1

0 0

0

0

0

12 10

12

10

7

DISTRIBUTION OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK
VALUES FOR 1927

TOTAL CROP VALUES
DECEMBER /, f927

VALUE OF CROPS
MARKETED 1927

VALUE OF L/VE370CK
AND OF LIVE570CK
PRODUCTS MARKETED
)Q27

HORS£S-0.^%

-10—

FARM INCOME 1927

Total value of crop and livestock sales
from 1927 production is estimated to be
nearly 20 per cent greater than 1926.
The estimated total cash value of farm
income for 1927 is $156,812,000. The re-
vised estimate for last year is $131,522,-
000, which up to that year was a record
for farm income value in the state. The
total farm income in 1925 was $123,732,-
000 and in 1924 $124,474,000.

The largest increases in total income
for 1927 occurred in crop items, due to
unusually large production. Total in-
come from these sources was over 50 per
cent greater than 1926 and several mil-
lion dollars greater than for any year
since 1922. In spite of unusually high
prices for cattle and better than average
prices for most other classes of livestock,
income from livestock sources was nearly
ten per cent less than last year, but
larger than any other year since 1922.

Estimates of total farm income were
first made in 1923, but judging from all
available information, it is not believed
that income for any previous year ex-
ceeded that of 1924.

HOW THE ESTIMATES ARE MADE

The estimates of farm income, which are made by the statistical division of
the State Division of Publicity, are based on the official estimates of crop pro-
duction and the prices received by producers on December 1 as applied to that
portion of each crop which is actually sold for cash. It has been found that while
these estimates are not entirely accurate they are comparable from year to year
and form a very good basis of comparison to show the relative changes that occur
from year to year in total farm income.

The estimates of total crop production have proven to be relatively accurate
in estimating the actual total production of crops. While an attempt is made to
estimate the percentage of the crop that is actually sold for cash from market
receipts, records of railroad shipments and other data, it is difficult to estimate
the amounts of the crops that are sold and traded locally.

The prices received on December 1 are not averages for the whole season for
any year, but it has been found that the prices on this date are better than those
of any other single date in approaching the actual average price. Again, these
prices are comparable and valuable to showing price trends from year to year.

Duplication of value for crops that are fed to livestock and later marketed
as livestock products is eliminated by estimating the proportion of each crop that
is actually sold for cash.

ESTIMATES OF FARM INCOME BY YEARS

Income from Income from Total

Crop Soiirces Livestock Sources Income

1923 $46,784,000 $50,872,000 $ 97,656,000

1924 74,343,000 50,131,000 124,474,009

1925 - ™ 57,877,000 65,855,000 123,732,000

1926 (Revised) 58,171,000 73,351,000 131,522,000

1927 (Preliminary estimates)-.. 89,763,000 67,049.000 156,812,000

—11—

ANALYSIS OF INCOME SOURCES

DISTRIBUTION OF MONTANA FARM INCOME

1924

1925 1926

■ 927

Sales from the 1927 crop constituted
over half, or 56.9 per cent of the total
farm income for the year. In other
words, of every dollar received by Mon-
tana farmers from crop and livestock
sales in 1927 over half, or 57 cents, was
derived from crop sources. This is un-
usual for Montana. In fact, insofar as
records are available this is the second
time that crop sales have assumed great-
er importance than livestock sales in
Montana. In 1924 the income from crop
sources represented 59.7 per cent of the total farm income.

Such a condition was to be expected for 1927. Crop production for all crops
taken together was by far the largest in the history of the state. Even with
prices below the level of 1926 the total value of the crop was greater than
for any previous year. In contrast, following the heavy selling, due to drouth and
shortage of feed a year ago, shipments of livestock in 1927 were much reduced.
Prices that averaged well above those of last year did not bring the total value
of livestock sales up to the level of last year.

Relative trends of livestock and crop sales values are shown in the accom-
panying graph.

SOURCES OF FARM INCOME

Wheat, the most important single source of cash income to Montana farmers,
is expected to return to the state nearly 45 per cent of the total cash farm income
for 1927. The estimated cash value of the crop this year is $70,274,000, as com-
pared with an estimated cash value of $40,985,000 last year, $39,904,000 in 1925,
and $55,879,000 in 1924. The wheat crop this past year represents close to 78
per cent of the total cash crop value of the state.

The second highest farm income factor for 1927 was cattle, the estimated
sales value of which is $29,299,000. The cash value of cattle sold in 1926 was $31,-
185,000.

VALUE OP CROPS PRODUCED AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK MARKETED IN 1926 AND 1927

1926

1927

FROM CROPS
All Wheat

Total Value
$ 50,123,000

Sales
$40,985,000

6,150,000
550,000
126,000
135,000

1,115,000
184,000

1,168,000

316,000

28,000

910,000

2,815,000
371,000
622,000
715,000
210,000
865.000
706,000

Total Value

$ 76,623,000

30,192,000

10,490,000

3,861.000

1.761,000

4,266,000

5,161,000

3,510,000

360,000

57,000

2,805,000

2,941,000

445,000

557,000

260,000

375,000

617,000

4,700.000

50,000

$149,031,000

Sales

1927

$29,299,000

12,725,000

6,761,900

10,807.000

2,734,000

4,188.000

267,000

268,000

Sales
$70,274,000

All Hay

24,644,000

5,150,000

Oats

8,833,000

622,000

Barley

2,304,000

221,000

Rye

963,000

270,000

Flax .i»~

1,282,000

4,004,000

Com

3,633,000

259.000

Potatoes

3,570,000

798.000

Apples

390,000

291.000

Miscel Fruits

51,000

32.000

1,204,000

2.155.000

2,815,000

2.941,000

387,000

425.000

822,000

557,000

Alfalfa Seed

837,000

234,000

Clover Seed

400,000

180.000

1,080,000

550,000

Farm Gardens

3,800.000

800.000

Other Crops ...

50,000

$107,188,000

Total

$58,171,000

Sales

1926
...$31,185,000
... 14.590.000
... 8,855,000
... 10,028,000
... 3,896,000
4,221.000

$89,763,000

Cattle

Sheep

Wool

Milk a

Hogs

Poultrj

Horses

Honey

To

FARM LIVESTOCK
and Lambs

nd Dairy Products

265.000

and
tal

Wax

... 311.000

$73,351,000

$67,049,000

-12-

COUNTY TABLE OF VALUE OF CROPS AND VALUE OF LIVE-
STOCK PRODUCTS SOLD 1926-1927

It will be noted that in the following table estimates of county income are for the total cash
value of crops and for sales value of livestock actually marketed during the year. In using this
basis it is assumed that that portion of the crops that is not actually sold is fed to livestock, used
for seed or other farm purposes, thus constituting a market for the product, while no income
is derived from livestock other than those sold on the markets.

Crops

DISTRICT AND Produced

COUNTY 1926

NORTHWESTERN

Flathead $ 1,560,455

Lincoln 365,950

Lake 1,616.555

Sanders 627,294

NORTH CENTRAL

Blaine 2,357,309

Chouteau 4,354,986

Glacier 401,945

Hill 2.298,810

Liberty 653,919

Pondera 3,321,114

Teton 4,402,441

Toole 771,050

NORTHEASTERN

Daniels 3,919,485

Phillips 2,168,430

Roosevelt 2,846,155

Sheridan 4,816,260

Valley 3,726,316

WEST CENTRAL

Deer Lodge 332,062

Granite 549,365

Mineral 149,710

Missoula 1,165,320

Powell 1,040,200

Ravalli 2.085,542

CENTRAL

Broadwater 1,264,520

Cascade 4,258,835

Fergus 5,762,887

Golden Valley 923,635

Jefferson 952,810

Judith Basin 3,269,785

Lewis & Clark 1,336.485

Meagher 864,960

Musselshell 853.580

Petroleum 96.550

Wheatland 997,306

EAST CENTRAL

Dawson 1,477,949

Garfield 1,029,795

McCone 967,241

Prairie 663,592

Richland 2,269.182

Wibaux 634,152

SOUTHWESTERN

Beaverhead 2,026,250

Madison 1,901,557

Silver Bow 228,110

SOUTH CENTRAL

Carbon 4,042,565

Gallatin 4,941,734

Park 2,152,375

Stillwater 2,984,835

Sweet Grass 1,773,376

Yellowstone 4,835,290

SOUTHEASTERN

Big Horn 2,291,309

Carter 926,532

Custer 990,440

Fallon ...„ 1,220,895

Powder River 1,255.538

Rosebud „ 1,266,746

Treasure 797,121

STATE TOTAL $106,788,610

—13—

Livestock

Total

Crops

Livestock

Total

Marketed

Value

Produced

Marketed

Value

1926

1926

1927

1927

192T

$ 694,200

$ 2,254,665

$ 1,873,775

1 634,500

$ 2,508.275

272,400

638,350

472,555

249,000

721.655

860,300

2,476,855

1,957,988

786,300

2,744,288

1,092,400

1,719,694

659,712

998,500

1,658,212

2,162,000

4,519,309

3.452.801

1,976,100

5,428,901

1,734,100

6.089.086

6,430,422

1,585,000

8,015,422

1,125,000

1,527,745

734,740

1,029,000

1,763,740

1,148,200

3,447,010

5,464,725

1,049,500

6,514,225

528,600

1,182,519

1,218,665

483,200

1,701,865

879.100

4,200,214

3,724,055

803,500

4,527,555

1.006.700

4,409,141

4,632,625

920,200

5,552.826

920,600

1,691,650

1,540,030

841,500

2,881,530

501,700

4.421,185

4,683,895

458,500

5,142,395

1,853,400

4,021,830

3,424,278

1,694,100

5,118,378

1,456,300

4,302,455

4,270,080

1,331,100

5,601,180

852,300

5.668,560

6,476,196

779,200

7.255,396

2,140,500

5,866,816

5,137,041

1,956,500

7.093,541

203,200

535,262

459,964

185,700

645,664

872,600

1,421,965

566,798

797,600

1,364,398

129,000

278,710

186,130

117,900

304,030

775.800

1,941,120

1,190.235

709,100

1,899,335

1,058,300

2,098,500

1,409,975

967,300

2,377,275

1,403,300

3,488,842

2,190,604

1,282,600

3,473.204

641,700

1,906.220

1,464,060

586,500

2,050,560

2,659,400

6,918,235

4,703,350

■ 2,430,800

7,134,150

3.228,400

8,991,287

7,308,890

2,952,100

10,260,990

548,600

1,472,235

1,829,740

501,400

2,331.140

465,600

1,418,410

1,062,710

425,600

1.488,310

1,516,900

4,786,685

4,113,480

1,386,500

5,499,980

1,803.800

3,140,285

1,755,600

1,648,700

3,404,300

1,169,100

2,034,060

1,059,312

1,068,600

2,127,912

1,352,800

2,206,380

1,989,240

1,236,500

3,225,740

672,100

768,650

235,390

614,300

849,690

1.451,100

2,448,406

1.110,580

1,326,300

2,436,880

1,775,600

3,253,549

3,816,405

1,622,900

5,439,305

1.417,900

2,447,695

2,085,250

1,296,000

3,381,250

1,378,500

2,345,741

2,986,693

1,259,900

4,246,593

1,311.900

1,975,492

1,721,605

1,199,100

2,920,705

1,405.100

3,674,282

4,864,560

1,284.300

6,148,860

690,100

1,324,252

1,656,128

630,700

2,286,828

3,750,000

5,776,250

3.170.352

8.429,500

6,599,852

1,373,500

3,275,057

1,659,522

1.255,400

2,914.922

554,300

782,410

245,933

506,600

752.533

1,131,800

5,174,365

3,836,071

1,034,500

4,879,671

1,503,500

6,445,234

4,936,270

1,374,300

6,310,570

1,545,400

3,697,775

2,003,520

1,412,500

3,416,020

1,432,400

4,417,235

3,763,870

1.309.300

5,073,170

1,737,000

3,510,376

1,784,934

1.587.600

3,372,534

3,318,000

8,153,290

7,367.160

3.034,000

10,401,168

1,584,000

3,875.309

3,104,233

1,447,800

4;552,033

1,540.900

2.467,432

1.537,110

1,408,400

2,945,510

1,850,800

2,841.240

1,508,309

1,691,700

3,200,009

935,100

2,155,995

2,831,275

854,700

3,685,975

1,442,200

2,697,738

1,248,400

1,318,200

2«666,600

1,913,400

3,180,146

2,842,649

1,748,900

4,591,649

579,300

1,376,421

1,172,045

529,500

1,701,545

$73,351,000

$180,139,610

1148.931.935

$67,049,000

$215,980,935

IRLUEOF CROPS AND LIVESTOCk:
MARKETED BT COUNTIES IN J927

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—14—

MONTANA'S CROP PRODUCTION 1927

Montana's greatest crop year, judged
on the basis of quantity, was in 1927.
Combined yields per acre of Montana
crops showed a greater increase over the
average of combined yields for ten years
than did those of any other of the states
or of the United States as a whole.
Weights per bushel of important Mon-
tana grains equalled or surpassed the
bushel weights for the same grains for
any of the past five years. For the first
time Montana ranked third in wheat pro-
duction among the states and in most
other crops ranked higher than last year.
Measured in tons, the 1927 crop was the
largest in the state's history.

This record mass production of crops
was due to increased acreage for most
crops, and higher yields per acre than for
many years for a large number of crops.
Greatly decreased crop failure was noted
in 1927 as well as increased acreage de-
voted to summer fallow lands, in pre-
paration for the 1928 crop season.

MONTANA'S RANK IN CROP PRODUCTION

For the first time, Montana reached third place in wheat production in the
United States in 1927. The spring wheat crop ranked second in the United States
and the winter wheat crop thirteenth. Last year Montana ranked fourth in the
country with a rank of second place in spring wheat production and nineteenth in
winter wheat. In none of the important crops did Montana rank lower than last
year, while many of the crops ranked higher than in 1926.

CROP 1924 1925 1926 1927 CROP 1924

All Wheat 4 4 4 3 Potatoes 29

Spring Wheat.. 2 2 2 2 Beans, dry 7

Winter Wheat 14 23 19 13 Sugar Beets

Oats - 16 16 17 16 Annies 42

1925

24
6

43

"6
17

[NS

1926

29

7

8
39

5
17
11
17

1927

22
6

8
38

Barley

16 14 1R 10 f!hArri*»«

4

Rye

10 9 9 7 All Kny ,,

14

Flax ....

4 4 4 4 Wild Hay 6

0

Corn ..

31 31 29 22 Tame Hay 16

16

BUSHEL WEIGHTS OF MONTANA GRA]

Montana exceeded the 5-yr. average weight per measured bushel in spring
wheat and oats in 1927, and equalled the five year average in winter wheat and
barley. Statistics on the bushel weights of the various grains are obtained from
crop correspondents throughout the state on November each year. Comparison
of the weights of various grains by years is shown in the accompanying table.

ESTIMATED WEIGHT PER MEASURED BUSHEL OF MONTANA GRAINS

(Pounds)

1923 1924 1925 1926 5 Yr. Av. 1927

Winter Wheat 59.4 60.3 58.0 59.5 59.5 59.5

Spring Wheat 59.8 59.5 58.0 58.5 59.1 59.4

Oats 37.2 36.5 36.0 35.0 36.1 37.0

Barley 49.0 50.0 49.0 47.0 49.0 49.0

—15—

MONTANA LEADS IN COMPOSITE OF CROP YIELDS

COMPOSITE OF CROP
YIELDS BV STATES

Montana's record crop year expressed
as a composite of all crop yields, as a
percentage of the 10-year average was
157.2 per cent. This was 30.5 per cent
greater than that of Nebraska, which
ranked second with 126.7 per cent. The
composite of all crops for the United
States was 102.5.

This means that, "combining the yields
of all crops in proportion to their 10-year
averages, the composite of yields per acre
in Montana was 57.2 per cent greater
than this average.

A study of the accompanying table will
show that the states surrounding Mon-
tana all had a comparatively high com-
posite of yields. Only 27 states had a
composite that was greater than the ten
year average, or in other words, greater
than 100 per cent.

COMPOSITE OF CROP YIELDS BY STATES

Montana 157.2

North Dakota 123.2

South Dakota 115.8

Wyoming 106.8

Idaho 120.7

Nebraska 126.7

Illinois 86.4

Pennsylvania 104.9

Minnesota 94.0

California 106.0

The United States 102.5

The following table, a yield index, shows crops that are important in Mon-
tana compared with the same crops in the United States. In this index the 1927
yields are expressed as percentages of the 10-year average yields per acre of each
crop.

COMPOSITE OF CROP YIELDS BY CROPS

Corn

Montana
142

United
States
101.8
98.0
125.2
89.0
114.8

Rye

Flax

Montana

163

212

United
States
118.5

Winter

Wheat

167

128.2

Wheat..-

193

Tame Hay

129

116.0

Oats

163

Wild Hay

Potatoes

144

131

119.4

Barley

166

109.8

PERCENTAGE OF CROPS MARKETED

The accompanying table shows the percentage of Montana crops that are sold
for cash. A study of the table will show that the amounts of crops retained on
the farm for seed, feed, or other purposes remains fairly constant from year to
year.

Thus, crops grown primarily as cash crops show a larger percentage for
sale in years of big production, while crops grown mainly for feed show about
the same or smaller percentage for sale in such years. Of wheat, a cash crop, 92
per cent was marketed in 1927 in contrast with 82 per cent for 1926 when the crop
was considerably smaller. In 1926, twenty-five per cent of the hay crop was sold,
while but 17 per cent of the large 1927 crop was reported sold.

PERCENTAGE OF CROPS MARKETED

CROP

1926

1927

CROP

1926

192

All Wheat

82

92

Misc. Fruits

.... 55

56

All Hay

25

17

Beans

.... 76

77

Oats

6 •

6

Sugar Beets

.... 100

100

Barley

54

54

Truck Crops

.... 96

96

Rye

14

. 15

Canning Peas ...

.... 100

100

Flaxseed

87

98 .

Alfalfa Seed

.... 85

90

Com

....... 61

50

Clover Seed

.... 58

48

Potatoes

88

23

Seed Peas

.... 80

89

Apples

81

81

Farm Gardens ....

.... 19

17

—16—

ACREAGE CHANGES IN 1927

TREND or ACREAGE

-^roeojeeo-

-it:see;eee-

-s^eeheeo^

■♦♦♦♦

'♦•*

Increases in acreage of most Montana
crops were noted in 1927. The exceptions
were corn, oats, seed and canning peas,
alfalfa seed, and sugar beets. Crop fail-
ure was much smaller than usual.

Total acreage in all principal crops was
increased nearly 12 per cent in 1927 over
1926. The highest relative increase was
in wild hay, which increased 120 per cent
over the small acreage cut in 1926. Flax
acreage was 49 per cent greater than
last year, and beans show an acreage 28
per cent larger than 1926. Acreage de-
voted to all grains increased a little less
than five per cent over 1926, the increase
for all wheat being over seven per cent.

Acreage of grains cut for hay was
only about 50 per cent of the acreage cut
last year, due to better stands of grain
and the good yields of other tame and
wild grasses.

Acreage of crop failure in 1927 amounted to only a little more than 25 per
cent of the previous year. Surveys in 1927 also indicated about 49 per cent in-
crease in summer fallow acreage over 1926.

Spring iVheert'^^'
Winier >K/

'Hoy*

ACREAGE CHANGES 1927

1924
Acres

TOTAL LAND AREA 93,582,840

Land in Farms 32,735,723

Pasture Land 22,714,811

Improved pasture land 4,144,050

Wild 17,249,146

Woodland 1,311,615

Other Land 1,546,688

Total Crop Land 8,650,000

Total Acres in Crops 6,595,000

Grain Crops Total 4,526,000

Corn 420,000

All Wheat 3,163,000

Winter Wheat 620,000

Spring Wheat 2,543,000

Durum Wheat * 39,000

Oats 550,000

Barley 104,000

Rye 80,000

Other Crops Total 320,000

Beans 25,000

Seed Peas 24,000

Flax Seed 246,000

Clover Seed 3,000

Alfalfa Seed 19,000

All Hay and Forage 1,879,000

Timothy 100,000

All Clover _ 51,000

Timothy and Clover Mixed 157,000

Alfalfa Hay 598,000

Grain cut for hay 190,000

All Other Tame Hay 110,000

Wild Hay (Cut) 673,000

Potatoes 34,000

Other Vegetables 5,000

Sugar Beets 31,000

Canning Peas 1,900

Crop Failure 308,000

Idle and Fallow Land 1,750,000

Fruit Crops (acres) 8,000

Apple Trees (number) 712,000

Plums 19,000

Durum wheat included in Spring Wheat.

1925
Acres

1926
Acres

1927
Acres

8.691,000

8,710.000

9,486,000

6,797,000

6,817,000

7,606,000

4,490,000

4,827,000

5,057,000

399,000

359,000

305,000

3,250,000

3,570,000

3.827,000

224,000

521,000

625,000

3,026,000

3.049,000

3,202,000

32.000

14.000

15,000

605,000

641.000

596,000

156,000

150.000

195.000

80.000

107.000

134,009

347.000

263,000

324,000

37,000

43,000

55,000

28,000

27,000

14,000

244,000

165.000

239,000

7,000

5,000

5,000

28,000

23,000

11,000

1,882.000

1,644,000

2,139,000

100.000

101,000

101,000

55,000

50,000

56,000

157,000

140.000

154,000

604.000

592.000

710.000

211.000

274,000

140,000

105.000

94,000

113,000

650,000

393,000

865,000

35.000

35,000

46,000

5,000

5.000

5.000

30.000

32.000

30,000

3.100

2.000

2.800

373.000

785,000

210.000

1,800.000

1,100,000

1,640,000

8,000

8,000

8,000

650,000

577,000

577,000

19,060

19,000

19,000

-17-

TOTAL TONNAGE OF 1927 CROP WITH COMPARISONS

Expressed in tons, the 1927 crop production exceeded that of the best preced-
ing crop by more than 37 per cent. Gross tonnage of the principal crops was
7,510,531 tons for 1927 compared with the gross tonnage of 5,398,550 for the
same crops in 1924, the year of the heaviest preceding crop. The total for 1927
was 60 per cent greater than for 1926, when the tonnage was estimated at $4,-
662,477. The tonnage in 1925 was 4,702,440 tons.

Wheat, for the first time in this state, passed the two million mark in tonnage
production with a total of 2,391,060 tons. Oats, barley, rye, flax, all hay, potatoes,
beans and sugar beets all surpassed in tonnage, the production for any previous
year. The hay crop was especially heavy, aggregating more than three and a
half million tons. The tonnage of rye and barley were both almost double that of
previous high records.

In contrast with the crop of last year, production of nearly all principal crops
was uniformly high. Such crops as show a decrease in total production found a
general decrease over the entire state and not a spotted condition, as last year.
Com had an unfavorable year, due to the cold wet spring and the consequent late
start in growing. In spite of this handicap, however, the crop was greater than
that of the previous two years. The apple crop suffered from unfavorable weather
during pollenization and shows a tonnage smaller than 1926 or 1924. Alfalfa seed
alone reflects a spotted condition, due to a poor start and rains at the time of
maturity of the seed.

These estimates do not include all the minor crops grown within the state,
but the total figure used is very close to the real total for all crops.

The following table shows the production estimates of the important crops
in tons for the current year, compared with the estimates for the previous three
years.

TONNAGE PRODUCTION OF MONTANA CROPS

CROPS 1924 1925 1926 1927

Corn 226,800 197,520 118,470 200,704

All Wheat 1,553,970 1,050,630 1,387,064 2,391,060

Oats 259,600 217,792 266,656 381,440

Barley 62,400 78,624 186,400 154,440

Rye 33,600 30,000 35,952 67,536

Flax 59,920 30,744 19.404 68,264

All Hay „ 2,708,000 2.631,000 2,263,000 3,689,000

Potatoes 89,760 113,400 89,250 162,000

Beans 16,800 12,936 12,900 29,700

Seed Peas 11,760 15,630 16,200 9,450

Canning Peas 2,100 3,984 3,792 2,679

Alfalfa Seed 1,410 2,340 1,860 600

Sugar Beets 365,000 315,000 352,000 346.000

Cherries 200 260 325 260

Clover Seed -. 270 660 900 750

Apples 6,960 1,920 8,304 6,648

TOTAL TONNAGE 5,398,550 4,702,440 4,662,477 7,510,531

TREND OF YIELDS

-zo-

♦'►♦»♦»<*

-«5i

\ 1

LjEGEND.
Spring Whrnat-"
Winter n7»eo^ — — -.

Ffax*

AVERAGE YIELDS PER ACRE

That the 1927 yields of Montana's prin-
cipal crops were greater than ever before
is shown in the accompanying table of av-
erage yields. The average yield per acre
of every crop in the table, with the ex-
ception of sugar beets, is substantially
higher for 1927 than for any of the pre-
ceding three years or than the five-year
average of 1920 to 1924. This was caused
by the lack of crop failure for any of the
field crops in any part of the state dur-
ing the past season. Wheat, the most
important single crop in the state, aver-
aged higher this year than since 1911,
records show.

-18—

AVERAGE ACRE YIELDS

In Units of Bushels Except for Hay and
Sugar Beets in Tons.

CROP

Spring Wheat
Winter Wheat
Com
Oats

Barley ^ „ 26.00

Rye

Flax

Potatoes ..
Tame Hay
Wild Hay „...

Beans

Sugar Beets

1924

1925

1926

6- Year Av.
1920-24

1927

16.20

10.50

12.20

13.30

20.60

17.10

14.50

14.00

15.10

22.00

18.00

16.50

11.00

20.10

23.50

29.50

22.50

26.00

28.10

40.00

25.00

21.50

24.00

22.80

33.00

14.00

12.50

12.00

11.60

18.00

8.70

4.50

4.70

6.30

10.20

88.00

108.00

85.00

108.80

135.00

1.71

1.65

1.59

1.76

2.12

.90

.90

.80

.89

1.15

12.00

12.50

10.00
11.00

12.20

18.00
11.40

ACRE VALUES

(Average Yield Per Acre times farm
price per bu. or ton.)

Acre values, as determined by multi-
plying the average yield per acre by the
price per unit of the crop, were gener-
ally higher in 1927 than they have been
for many years. This condition is brought
about by the yields per acre of all crops,
which have been among the highest the
state has experienced. Prices were some-
what below the level of last year but were
more than offset in acre values by the
acre yields. Comparison of this year's
acre values are shown in the following
table in comparison with those of pre-
vious years.

ACRE \SiUAM:S OF WHEAT

Winter lYheaf <

Spring Wheat ^ -• -■ i«

ACRE VALUE

CROP

(Average yield per acre times farm price per bu. or ton.)
1924

Spring Wheat $20.09

Winter Wheat „ 21.20

Corn 17.82

Oats 13.82

Barley 17.25

Rye 12,74

Flax 19.22

Potatoes 76.56

Tame Hay 17.64

Wild Hay 8.10

Beans 39.60

Sugar Beets

* Records for less than five-year period.

1925

1926

5-Year Av.
1920-24

1927

$14.70

$13.90

$13.48

$19.98

19.29

14.90

15.18

20.24

15.68

10.12

14.13

16.92

11.92

13.78

11.52

17.60

15.12

15.36

13.19

19.80

9.25

9.00

8.10

13.14

9.90

7.77

12.16

17.85

172.80

102.00

81.19

87.75

16.61

16.59

17.62

17.81

8.10

7.60

7.60

8.63

38.13

28.00

*

51.00

70.87

86.13

♦

96.90

SHIPMENTS OF MONTANA WHEAT BY MONTHS

As Shown

by Reports of Montana Railway Commission

(Car loads)

MONTH

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

January

360

1622

1818

3321

1560

1972

1376

1244

February

300

1027

1638

2057

1836

1659

1575

1550

March _

218

901

1027

1939

1338

969

1106

1256

AprU „

314

971

843

1398

902

835

1145

817

May

333

1095

863

1462

1084

1055

1289

1133

Jtme „

349

1408

981

1480

1196

1403

1363

1174

July

313

649

857

1156

993

960

1022

1028

August

813

2236

1692

1519

2078

2721

4068

3425

September

3087

4645

4305

5041

6393

3626

4085

12147

October

4522

4869

5699

5192

7704

1969

5879

9853

November

4435

2201

5199

5056

4366

3314

2635

4630

December

2838

1740

3298

2883

2116

2507

1336

2321

— 1»—

ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION; UNIT VALUE
TOTAL FARM VALUE WITH ACRE VALUE OF
MONTANA'S IMPORTANT CROPS

AND

Dec. ]

L Farm

Acre

YEAR

Acreage Acre Yield

Production

Unit

Value

Value

Price

$

$

ALL WHEAT

1927

3,827,000

20.8

79,702,000

.96

76,623,000

20.02

1926

3,595,000

12.3

44,665,000

1.12

50,095 000

13 92

1926

8,250,000

10.8

35,021,000

1.39

48,802,000

15.02

SPRING WHEAT

1927

3,202,000

20.6

65,952,000

.97

63,973.000

19.98

1926

3,049,000

12.3

37,450,000

1.13

42.318,000

13.78

1925

3,026,000

10.6

31,773,000

1.40

44.482,000

14.70

WINTER WHEAT

1927

625,000

22.0

13.750,000

.92

12,650,000

20.24

1926

448,000

14.0

6.272.000

1.07

6,711,000

14.98

1926

224,000

14.5

3,248,000

1.33

4,320,000

19.^9

ALL HAY

1927

2,139,000

1.73

3.701.000

8.16

30,192.000

14.92

1926

1,884,000

1.32

2,484.000

10.29

25,566,000

13.57

1925

1,882,000

1.40

2,631,000

9.78

25,725,000

18.67

OATS

1927

596,000

40.0

23,840,000

.44

10,490,000

17.60

1926

635,000

26.0

16,510.000

.53

8,750,000

13.78

1925

605,000

22.5

13.612,000

.53

7.214,000

11.92

BARLEY

1927

195,000

33.0

6.435.000

.60

3,861.060

19.80

1926

150.000

24.0

3.600,000

.64

2,304,000

15.36

1925

156,000

21.0

3,276,000

.72

2,359,000

15.12

RYE

1927

134,000

18.0

2.412,000

.73

1,761,000

13.14

1926

107.000

12.0

1,284,000

.75

963,000

9.00

1925

80,000

12.5

1,000,000

.74

740,000

9.25

FLAXSEED

1927

239,000

10.2

2.438,000

1.75

4,266,000

17.85

1926

171,000

4.7

804.000

1,85

1,486,000

8.69

1925

244,000

4.5

1.098.000

2.20

2,416,000

9.90

CORN

1927

305.000

23.5

7.168,000

.72

5,161,000

16.92

1926

359.000

11.0

3,949,000

.92

3,633,000

10.12

1925

399.000

16.5

6.584,000

.95

6,255,000

15.68

POTATOES

1927

40,000

135.0

5.400.000

.65

3,510,000

87.75

1926

35,000

85.0

2.975.000

1.20

3,570,000

86.70

1925

35,000

108.0

3,780,000

1.60

6,048,000

172.80

APPLES

1927

277,000

1.30

360,000
390,000

1926

325,000

1.20

■

1925

80,000

1.75

140 000

■

BEANS

1927

55.000

17.0

935,000

3.00

2,805,000

51.00

1926

43.000

10.0

430.000

2.80

1,204,000

28.00

1925

37.000

12.5

462,000

3.05

1,411,000

38.13

SEED PEAS

1927

14.000

21.0

294,000

2.10

617,000

44.10

1926

26.000

20.0

520,000

2.00

1,040.000

40.00

1925

28,000

20.0

560.000

2.10

1.176,000

42.00

SUGAR BEETS

1927

30.000

11.4

346,000

8.50

2,941.000

96.90

1926

30.000

11.6

348.000

7.82

2,724,000

•0.71

1925

30.000

10.5

315,000

6.75

2,126,000

70.88

ALFALFA SEED

1927

11,000

1.8

20,000

13.00

260,000

23.40

1926

23.000

2.7

62,000

13.50

837,000

36.45

1925

28.000

2.8

78,000

12.60

983,000

86.40

CLOVER SEED

1927

5,000

5.0

25,000

15.00

375,000
400,000

65.00

1926

5,000

5.0

25,000

16.00

80.00

1925

7.000

3.1

22,000

20.45

450,000

63.40

CANNING PEAS

1927

C&ses of pens packed

222,800
316,000

@ $2.50 Per case
@ 2.60 Per case

$557,000
822.000

1926

Cases of peas packed

1926

Cases of peas packed

332,000

@ 2.96 Per case

984.000

TOTAL VALUE 16

PRINCIPAL CROPS

ABOVE:

1927

$143,779,000

$104,173,000

1925

$106,829,000
$122,251,000

1926

1924

—20—

ACREAGE, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, FARM PRICE

PER UNIT ON DECEMBER 1, AND TOTAL FARM

VALUE FOR THE UNITED STATES

PRODUCTION p^g7^„ ?l^ll^J2^

CROP AND YEAR Yield ^otal ..nit Pe'u^it Fa^Price

Acreage per Production ^nit

^^^^ cents Dollars

CORN

1926 99,713,000 27.0 2,692,217,000 bu. 64.2 1,729,457,000

1927 98,914,000 28.2 2,786,288,000 " 72.3 2,014,725,000

WINTER WHEAT

1926 36,987,000 17.0 627,433,000 " 121.2 760,406,000

1927 ^ 37,872,000 14.6 652.384,000 " 116.8 645,091,000

SPRING WHEAT

1926 19,350,000 10.5 a 203,607,000 " 115.7 235,548,000

1927 20,711,000 15.4 a 319,307,000 " 103.2 829,603,000

ALL WHEAT

1926 56,337,000 14.8 831,040,000 " 119.8 995,954,000

1927 58,583,000 14.9 871,691,000 " 111.8 974,694,000

OATS

1926 44,177,000 28.2 1,246,848.000 " 39.8 496,582.000

1927 42,227,000 28.3 1,195,006,000 " 45.0 537,276,000

BARLEY

1926 7,970,000 23.2 184,905,000 " 57.5 106,237,000

1927 9,492,000 28.0 265,577,000 " 67.8 180,127,000

RYE

1926 3,578,000 11.4 40,795,000 " 83.4 34,024,000

1927 3,670,000 16.0 58,572.000 " 85.3 49,945,000

FLAXSEED

1926 2,907,000 6.7 19,335,000 " 194.0 37,510,000

1927 2,907,000 9.1 26,583,000 " 185.7 49^373,000

COTTON

1926 47,087,000 d 182.6 17,977,000 bales e 10.9 982,736,0«0

1927 40,168,000 d 152.3 12,789,000 " e 19.6 1,253,599,000

ALL HAY

1926 71,702,000 1.34 96,065,000 tons 13.68 1,314,478,600

1927 75,983,000 1.63 123,512,000 " 10.69 1,320,524,000

CLOVER SEED

1926 530,000 1.37 728,000 b«. 17.71 12,895,000

1927 1,208,000 1.44 1,738,000 " 15.25 26,499,006

BEANS, DRY EDIBLE

bf 1926 1,649,000 10.5 17,396,000 " 2.93 51,005,000

1927 1,605,000 10.5 16,872,000 " 2.89 .48,732,000

POTATOES

1926 3,122,000 113.5 354.328,000 " b 141.4 501,017,000

1927 3,505,000 114.7 402,149,000 " b 96.4 387,870,000

SUGAR BEETS

1926 677,000 10.7 7,223,000 tons b 7.61 54,964.000

1927 722,000 10.7 7.737,000 " b 7.78 60,198,000

APPLES

(Total Crop)

1926 246.524,000 bu. 74.5 178,233.000

1927 123,455,000 " 138.6 171,078,000

a Including DURUM (production 4 states 43,981.000 bu. 1926, 76,155,000 bu. 1927).

b Principal Producing States.

f Including Lima Beans. •

d Pounds.

e Per Pound.

^"^ ' ^^77_ ' _ i

.4

—21—

WHEAT

It is significant that wheat, which is
one of the most important crops in the
world, as well as the United States,
should occupy a high place in rank of in-
come to Montana farmers. In fact, this
crop contributed more to the cash income
of Montana farmers in 1927, than sales
of all other crops combined. About half
of the total acreage devoted to crops in
the state is planted to wheat. Over
eighty per cent of the farms in Montana
grow greater or lesser acreages of the
international bread crop.

More than three fourths of the total
crop sales income for 1927 came from
the wheat crop, the total value of which
was estimated at $76,623,000 and from
which the cash income is estimated at
$70,274,000. Total value of the 1926 crop was estimated at $50,123,000 and the
cash income from wheat that year at $40,985,000.

Increased acreage over past years, combined with higher yields per acre than
for many years, gave Montana the largest wheat crop in her history in 1927.

Montana's disadvantage in marketing wheat due to high freight rates ac-
companying the long hauling to market is partially offset by the premiums re-
ceived by Montana farmers for protein content.

MONTANA'S POSITION

^CRE YIELD OF WHEAT 1927

SPRING

W/NTER.^

There is no gainsaying that Montana wheat growers are situated somewhat
unfavorably in respect to marketing their product at the established markets.
Were it not for some other factors that react more favorably it probably would
be difficult to compete with the Dakotas, Minnesota and other important wheat
growing sections.

It is a fact that Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming were the only states in the
country. in 1927, where wheat, on the basis of the prices received by farmers
on December 1, was valued at an average price of less than a dollar per bushel.
Montana's wheat was valued at about 2
cents a bushel more than that of Wyom-
ing, but somewhat less than the Idaho
crop. In Montana, at least, this low price
is due to the long freight haul necessary
to transport wheat to milling centers and
to deficit producing states.

The bright spot on the Montana farm-
er's horizon is the fact that on land that
is cheaper than in other wheat areas,
with lower taxes and lower production
costs than in most states he can produce
wheat that commands a premium in any
market in which it is sold. Too, new
markets are being found for the state's
wheat crop. About ten per cent of the
wheat exports of the state go to the west
coast annually, necessitating shorter
freight hauls than to eastern milling
centers. A considerable portion of the
wheat crop is now being milled in the
state. In 1925 this amounted to 22 per
cent of the state production, aod in 1924
it was 20 per cent.

-2Sj
2Ch

^

-s-

1

^ ^ ^ Z XI

I I I t \

I ^ ^ \ I

TREND OF WHEAT PRODUCTION

Wheat production in Montana last year
was the largest in the history of the state
by nearly thirty million bushels, surpass-
ing the previous record crop of 52,714,-
000 bushels of 1922. Although the trend
of wheat yield per acre in the state, when
charted, presents a somewhat broken line,
the trend has been upward since 1920.
Before 1910 yields were fairly stable
from year to year, due to the fact that
the bulk of the acreage was irrigated.
Since then with the great expansion in
dry land wheat acreage the yield trend
has been uneven, depending more upon
the character of the season.

United States wheat production in 1927
was the highest since 1919 standing at
just a little above the level of recent
years.

Further expansion of wheat acreage is
expected in many sections of the state.

MONTANA WHEAT YIELDS HIGH

It was largely because of the high yields per acre of both winter and spring
wheat in 1927 that Montana farmers were able to call the past crop season the
biggest one in their history. S'pring wheat yielded at the rate of over 60 per cent
greater in Montana than in North Dakota, the only spring' wheat state that pro-
duced more wheat than did Montana in 1927. Of the twelve winter wheat states
which exceeded Montana's winter wheat production last year only two, Washing-
ton and Oregon, exceeded Montana's crop in yield per acre.

Comparative yields per acre of winter and spring wheat for important wheat
states are shown in the accompanying table.

YIELDS PER ACRE OF WHEAT

STATE Spring Wheat Winter Wheat

Montana 20.6 22.0

North Dakota 12.7 ....*

South Dakota 14.8 18.0

Minnesota 10.9 21.4

Kansas 4.4 11.2

TRENDS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION

UI^ITED •

STATES

g'^sV,?;'! 1 1

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It

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- \Ai--

ijt:::::::

ffMlii !-

iiiir>i]it h

Practically no winter wheat grown in North Dakota.

AVERAGE YIELDS MONTANA SPRINS WHEAT

L

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—28—

PROTEIN PREMIUMS HIGH IN 1927

By E. J. Bell, Jr., Agricultural Economist, and Clyde McKee, Agronomist)

Data compiled by the departments of Agricultural Economics and Agronomy
of the Montana Experiment station show that in 1927 higher premiums were paid
for high protein spring wheat at Minneapolis than ever before in the history of
that market. The average premium on No. 1 Dark Northern Spring with 14 per
cent protein was 19 cents per bushel in August and 37 cents in December. The
average premium for the same grade of wheat with 13 per cent protein rose from
13 cents per bushel in August to 26 cents in December; and the average premium
for wheat with 12 per cent protein advanced from 7V2 cents in August to 12 cents
in December. Individual sales, however, have brought premiums much higher
than these averages. On January 16, a car of No. 3 Dark Northern Spring Wheat
containing 16.75 per cent of protein from Colorado sold at 70 cents over the price
of May future.

It must be understood that "premium" means the amount paid over the future
price for a particular lot of actual wheat and not the amount paid over the card
price by the local buyer. If a miller pays a premium of 20 cents per bushel for
a car of wheat he pays 20 cents more than the future price. If the future price
at the time he makes his purchase is $1.25, he pays $1.45 for the wheat. This
is merely a convenient way of computing prices and has become a custom on
most of the large wheat markets. It is also well to note that protein is not the
only factor which determines the premium. Test weight, moisture, damaged
kernels, foreign material, variety mixtures, and other factors also have a marked
effect on the premium paid.

The exceptionally high premiums which have been paid for quality wheat this
year are due largely to the low average protein content of the 1927 crop. Out of
8121 cars of Montana wheat received at Minneapolis last fall only 4 per cent
tested 14 per cent or over, while 45 per cent of the cars tested below 12 per cent
protein. The low protein wheat from Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota
was marketed earlier than the Montana crop and this large supply lowered the
premiums paid for Montana wheat containing 12 per cent or less.

Thus, a large portion of the 1927 wheat crop was shipped and sold before the
premiums started to rise. Of 32,376* cars of wheat shipped from Montana points
from August 1 to December 31, 1927, 15,672 cars, or 45 per cent were shipped
before October 1 when premiums for 13 per cent protein were less than 20 cents
per bushel. In the latter part of December, after the heavy movement of grain
had ceased, premiums on wheat of the same quality rose to 30 cents per bushel.

A plausible explanation of this December rise in premiums for wheat of high
protein content would be that the grain trade had not previously realized the
relatively small supply of wheat containing 14 per cent protein and over. Another
explanation offered is that terminal elevator buyers needed this high protein
wheat to mix with the large supply of low protein grain already accumulated.

Although the average protein content of the Montana wheat received at Min-
neapolis last fall was slightly over 12 per cent, the average premium has been
estimated at nearly 10 cents per bushel. Only 10 per cent of Montana spring
wheat this year has sold at higher premiums than 20 cents and 7 per cent has
sold at no premiums at all.

The material gathered shows premiums for hard red spring wheat only. No
adequate figures have been made available to show the premiums on hard red
winter wheat of different protein content.

*Data from Montana Railway Commission.

MONTANA PROTEIN LOWER IN 1927

The hard red spring wheat produced in Montana in 1927 averaged 12.21%
protein acccording to data collected on over 15,000 samples. The tabulation below
will show that the crop of 1927 averaged lower in protein than any other
crop during the past five years.

—24—

YEAR

Number of

Testa

Average Per Cent
Protein

1923 1322

1924 2394

1925 9271

1926 10101

1927 15826

5-year Average

13.12%
13.55%
14.29%
18.91%
12.21%

13.41%

The protein content of wheat is influenced chiefly by the amount of nitrogen
which is available for the use of the growing crop. Therefore, factors which
affect the supply of available nitrogen in the soil have a rather direct influence
on the protein content of the wheat.

Excessive rains during the spring months of 1927 accompanied by rather cool
temperatures not only washed out of the soil some of the available nitrogen, but
retarded the action of bacteria which aid in nitrate formation, thus resulting in
a low average protein content for the state as a whole. However, there was some
variation in the protein content of wheat from the different counties and even
more variation between farms within any one county. This suggests that the
protein content may be affected by other factors than seasonal conditions.

For example, the process of summer tillage or "fallowing" increases the
availability of nitrogen to such an extent that it is now generally known that
wheat produced after fallow will contain more protein than wheat after crop
under identical conditions. Likewise wheat produced after leguminous crop such
as alfalfa, sweet clover or peas may show a higher average protein content than
wheat on the same kind of soil which has not grown a legume. Furthermore, a
soil which contains an abundance of organic matter usually produces wheat with
a higher protein content than soils in which the supply of organic or vegetable
matter is becoming exhausted.

The experience of the past few years indicates that farmers who employ ap-
proved methods in the production and marketing of their wheat crops are the
ones who profit mostly by the premiums paid for high protein wheat.

NUMBEB OF CARS SHIPPED FROM MONTANA AND AVERAGE PREMIUMS BY MONTHS
AUGUST TO DECEMBER, 1927 f

Number of cars shipped Average premium over prevailing
MONTH from Montana points. * future at Minneapolis

August 3,425 7.6c

September 12,147 9.2c

October 9,853 8.8c

November 4,630 10,5c

December 2,321 14.7c

ALL CARS 32,376 9.8c

t Data compiled by Montana Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana.

* Data from Montana Railway Commission.

AVERAGE PROTEIN CONTENT HARD SPRIN6 WHEAT 1927

MONTANA

OVER 13, 'i

AVERAGE PREMIUMS ON NO. 1 DARK NORTHERN SPRING WHEAT
1927 CROPt

MONTH 12% Protein 13% Protein 14% Protein 15% Protein

September 7.5 12.6 21.2 25.6

October 6.2 18.0 26.8 31.4

November 6.7 19.8 30.0 34.4

December 12.0 25.8 37.3

t Quotations from Bureau of Agricultural Economics in Miles City Daily Star.

DISTRIBUTION OF CARS OF MONTANA WHEAT ACCORDING TO PROTEIN CONTENT
AND AVERAGE PREMIUM BY PROTEIN TESTS AUG. TO DEC, 1927*

Protein Content

Percent of Cars with
each protein content

Average premium at

Minneapolis August to

December, 1927

Under 11 per cent, 7.4

11.00 to 11.99 per cent 39.0

12.00 to 12.99 per cent 39.0

13.00 to 13.99 per cent 11.9

14.00 to 14.99 per cent. 2.6

15.00 per cent and over 1.2

Average premium

Average Protein Content

0.0

3.6
12.8
21.7

27.7
31.7

9.8 cents
12.18 per cent

Data compiled by Montana Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana, from Records of Minnesota
State Railroad and Warehouse Commission.

YEAR

1882 „

1883

Total

Acreage

All Wheat

42.812

57,796

76,240

83,864

88,896

97,786

121,255

85,000

87.500

92,803

41,761

43,431

44,828

44,570

45,443

69.792

71,188

69,764

72,555

88,807

90,583

98,735

108,608

119,469

137,389

139,000

153,000

259,000

415,000*

609,000*

1,055,000*

1,300,000*

1,596,000*

2,415,000*

2,440,000*

2,884,000*

3,485,000*

3,621,000

2,787.000

2,715.000

3.618.000

3.274,000

3.163.000

3,250,000

8,595,000

3,827.000

ALL WHEAT BY YEARS

1882-1927

Average Total
Yield Per Production
Acre (bu.) (bushels)

16.0 685,000

16.3 942,000
18.0 1,372,000

20.4 1,715,000
17.0 1,509,000

18.0 1,760,000

16.5 2,001,000

18.1 1.539,000
17.0 1,488,000
20.0 1,856,000
21.5 898,000
21.5 933,767

24.8 1,111.735

23.9 1.065.223
26.5 1.204.240
32.5 2.268.240

29.5 2.100.046

25.7 1,792,935

26.6 1,929,963
26.5 2,353,386
26.0 2,355,158

28.2 2,784,327
23.9 2,596,731

23.8 2,843,362

24.0 3,297,336
28.8 4,003,000

24.2 3,703,000

24.1 6,252.000

21.4 8.885.000

24.5 14.935.000
20.3* 21,417,000
20.1* 26,088,000
16.8* 26,821,000
18.4* 44,413,000
15.4* 37,632.000

7.3* 20,934,000
9.5* 33,385,000
2.7 9,889.000

10.3 28,690,000

12.3 33.430,000

14.5 52,714.000

14.6 47,708,000

16.4 51,799,000
10.8 35,021,000
12.3 44,i{J5.000
20.8 79,702,000

Farm Price

Per Bushel

Dec. 1

$1.45

.92

.70

.77

.75

.76

.85

.75

.80

.84

.69

.60

.54

.73

.66

.68

.58

.61

.61

.67

.62

.66

.89

.71

.64

.81

.86

.87

.86

.77

.64

.66

.91

.78
1.61
1.92
1.94
2.35
1.28

.85

.89
1.82
1.24
1.39
1.12

.96

Farm Value
Dec. 1

$ 993,250

866.640

960,400

1,320,550

1,131,750

1,337,600

1,700,850

1,153,875

1,190,680

1,559,090

619,525

560,260

600,337

777,613

794,798

1,542,403

1,218,027

1,093,690

1,177,277

1,576,769

1,460,198

1,837,656

2,311,091

2,018,787

2,110,295

3,243,000

3,185,000

5,639,000

7,541.000

11,500,000

13,707,000

17,218.000

24,407,000

34,642,000

60,587,000

40,193,000

64,728,000

23,239,000

36,723.000

28,416,000

46.916.000

39,121,000

64,230.000

48.802,000

50,095.000

76.623,000

1884

1885

1886 ..-.

1887

1888

1889

1890

1891

1892

1898

1894 „

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899 .

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

1906

1906

1907

1908 ~.

1909

1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1916

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1928

1924

1926

1926

1927

• Tentative revlBions.

-26—

FLAX

The Montana flax crop of 2,438,000
bushels in 1927 was the largest since
1916, when over 3,000,000 bushels were
produced, in direct contrast with the crop
of last year which was the third smallest
in the past ten years. Flax production,
being confined almost entirely to un-
irrigated areas of the state, fluctuates
widely from year to year depending
largely on moisture supply, weeds and
frost danr'age.

The 1927 yield per acre of 10.2 bushels
was the largest in this state since 1915
and was more than double the yield of
either of the previous two years. Wis-
consin and Iowa were the only flax
growing states to exceed Montana's acre
yield in 1927 and neither of these states
is of major importance in national flax
production.

FLAX JPRODUCTION

2,500,000

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-Z500.000

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CORN IN MONTANA

f^OJ^TAAsf^ COflN acreage:

Corn acreage in Montana continued to
decline from the high point that was
reached in 1924. Acreage devoted to com
in 1927 was estimated at 305,000 acres,
compared with 359,000 acres in 1926 and
the record acreage of 420,000 acres in
1924. In spite of the decrease in acreage,
the production was greater than in either
1925 or 1926 and was only a little smaller
than in 1924. The yield per acre was
over double that of the previous year
and was the highest since 1923.
The bulk of the corn crop in Montana is cut for fodder or hogged off, sixty-
two per cent of the 1927 crop being consumed in that manner. A little over a
third of the crop was husked for grain last year and the percentage of husked
grain was the greatest since 1924.

METHODS OF HARVESTING CORN IN MONTANA

(Based on averages supplied by Crop Reporters for their various localities)

£Mr/i DOT K£Pfl£5SA^T3 M}OACR£S

YEAR
1923

For Grain F
53.0

or Silage

2.0
4.0
2.9
3.0
4.0

For Forage, Cut for Feeding
Grazed or Hogged Off.
45.0

1924

.. . . 35.0

61.0

1925

30.1

67.1

1926

23.0

74.0

1927

34.0

62.0

POTATOES

Montana's potato crop in 1927 was the third largest in the state's history
and was also the third crop in the state exceeding five million bushels. The price
received by Montana growers was the lowest since 1923. However, the price was
higher than was received for either of the other two crops that exceeded five
million bushels. Montana ranked twenty-second among the United States in
potato production in 1927 and twenty-ninth in 1926.

Montana's yield per acre of potatoes of 135 bushels in, 1927 was the largest
since 1918 and was exceeded by only ten other states. Of the 21 states which
surpassed Montana in total production in 1927 only 7 had a higher yield per acre.

Montana certified potatoes have found a market among growers in southern
states and many Montana growers have specialized in supplying seed potatoes
for the demand in those states.

—27—

SUMMARY OF POTATO SHIPMENTS BY CROP YEARS

Total
Crop Production

1923 3,960,000

1924 -. 2,992,000

1926 3,780,000

1926 2,975,000

1927 5,400,000

• Movement to March 16, 1928 — Shipping season from September 1, to June 30th.

No. Cars
Shipped

Percentage of
Total Crop Shipped

Price
Dec. 1

757
420
1.609
886
660*

11.4

8.4

28.9

17.8

$0.65

0.87

1.60

1.20

.65

TREND QFHA^ACREASE

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HAY

With the largest hay acreage ever
grown in Montana and yields per acre
that averaged higher than usual, the
state produced for the first time a crop
of hay to total over three million tons.
A large crop of hay was needed by Mon-
tana farmers to restore reserve stocks,
depleted in the winter of 1926 and to pro-
vide against winter needs in 1927.

Acreage devoted to tame hay in 1927
was decreased from that of 1926 due
chiefly to smaller amounts of grains cut
for hay. A higher acre yield than for
years, however, was sufficient to produce
the largest total crop of tame hay in the
records of the state. The total crop of
wild hay was also larger than ever be-
fore because of both greatly increased
acreage and higher than usual yields.

APPLES

The commercial apple crop in 1927 suffered early damage from unfavorable
weather during pollination and from a heavy June drop, resulting in a crop
that was smaller than the 1926 crop by almost 50,000 bushels. Poor weather for
maturing caused the quality of the crop to average below normal.

However, apples were also scarce in other apple growing sections and the
Montana producers received higher prices for their product in 1927 than in 1926.
Comparative data for the past five years is shovm in the accompanying table,
which gives the total production by years and carlot shipments of apples from
each crop.

MONTANA APPLE PRODUCTION 1923-1927

YEAR Total Production Cars Shipped

1923 990,000 451

1924 290,000 173

1925 80,000 29

1926 325,000 343

1927 277.000 145*

* Total to February 4, 1928 ; total to same date 1926 was 341 cars.

BEANS

Bean production in Montana in 1927
more than doubled that of 1926. This
crop, composed almost entirely of the
Great Northern variety which was de-
veloped from a native Indian-grown bean,
has grown from practically no import-
ance in 1909 to a place in 1927, where it
was valued at nearly three million dol-
lars. The Great Northern bean is a white
dry bean of good eating quality that has
met with favor in eastern markets.

Commercial production of this bean in
Montana is chiefly centered in Yellow-
stone county and in counties adjoining \ i

Yellowstone. Beans grow successfullyon either irrigated or unirrigated land.
Montana ranked sixth in production of dry beans in both 1926 and 1927. The
average yield per acre of 17 bushels was surpassed by only two other states.

—28—

BEAN PRODUCTION BV YEARS

TjREndqfqats production

MILLIONS

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OATS

Oats production in Montana in 1927
was 23,840,000 bushels, the largest since
1916, ranking sixteenth among the states.
Most of the oats in this state is grown
for farm feed, only a small percentage
being sold on the markets. The yield per
acre last year was higher than for any
year since 1915. Only four states had
oats yields per acre which equalled or
exceeded Montana's yield.

The price received by farmers for their
oats in 1927 was about nine cents less
than was received in 1926. However, the
proportionate decrease was smaller in
Montana than in many states as is shown
by the fact that in 1926 there were 26
states in which prices were as low or
lower than in Montana, while in 1927
there were only nine such states.

Oats acreage in the state this year was

decreased moderately due to the late

spring and the shift from oats to barley

for feed purposes that has developed during the past few years in some sections

of the state.

BARLEY IN MONTANA

Acreage devoted to barley in 1927 was the greatest in the history of the
state and continues the upward trend that has been evident steadily since 1921.
The yield per acre of this crop in 1927 was the largest since 1915.

Barley is becoming a feed crop on Montana farms, and evidences, by in-
creases in acreage in nearly all counties, a steady growth. Gallatin county led
in barley acreage in 1927, followed by Fergus, Flathead, Park and Pondera. In
some sections, particularly the Gallatin Valley, a part of the crop is shipped to
markets. Barley production in 1927 was almost double that of 1926.

ALFALFA AND CLOVER SEED

Alfalfa and sweet clover seed produc-
tion have become important in sections
of the eastern third and in the central
and south central parts of the state. Al-
falfa seed production decreased consid-
erably in 1927, but clover seed was estim-
ated at the same amount as in 1926.
Prices of both crops were lower in 1927
than in 1926.

The alfalfa seed crop was spotted in
1927, due chiefly to unfavorable weather
in local areas over the whole alfalfa seed
section at the season when the seed was
forming and developing. Considerable of
the alfalfa seed production is of certified
seed, about half the reported acreage in
1926 being devoted to the growing of
certified seed.

^£:ED I^RODUCTIOJ\i

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- 70. OOO

—eo, OOO-

—so, OOO

—40, OOO

—30^ OOO-

—20, OOO

L£(S£ND:

C/over*

YEAR Acreage

1924 19,000

1925 28,000

1926 23,000

1927 11,000

ALFALFA AND SWEET CLOVER

ALFALFA SEED

Acre Yield Production

(bu.) 8 (bu.)

2.5 47,000

2.8 78,000

2.7 62,000

1.8 20,000

PRODUCTION

SWEET CLOVER SEED

Acre Yield Production
Acreage (bu.) (bu.)

5,000
5,000

5.0
5.0

25,000
25,000

—29—

TREND OFmrACREAeE

-eso,ooo
-200.000
-/so,ooo
-/oo,ooo
—30,000

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RYE

Rye produced its second largest crop
in Montana in 1927 when production was
estimated at 2,412,000 bushels. The larg-
est crop, 3,360,000 bushels, was grown in
1922. Rye is popular as a feed crop in
the state, especially in the unirrigated
areas. The crop is grown in nearly all
parts of the state, but the bulk of the
acreage is located in the north central
and northeastern parts of the state. Rec-
ords show that the yield per acre of this
crop in 1927 was the largest since 1916.

SEED AND CANNING PEAS

Acreage devoted to seed and canning peas was still further reduced in 1927.
Total pea acreage in the state was estimated at 16,800 acres, compared with
29,900 acres in 1926. Seed pea yields and prices, however, were both slightly
higher than in the previous year.

The total value of the pea industry to the state in 1927 was estimated at
$885,000, a decrease of almost half from the estimated value of $1,535,000 for the
1926 crop. Of the total values, seed peas were worth $617,000 in 1927 and
$1,080,000 in 1926.

Montana peas for both seed and canning purposes are recognized as of very
high quality. Unfavorable marketing conditions are somewhat of a handicap
to the development of the canning pea industry. Seed peas not used in this state
are marketed in other pea growing areas, several out-of-state seed companies
maintaining branch offices in this state for the purpose of buying seed.

CHERRIES

Certain varieties of sour cherries, chiefly Morello and Montmorency, have
proven to be adapted to parts of the state west of the mountains. It is estimated
that production in the state in 1927 was 312,000 boxes, valued at $31,000 as com-
pared with the production of 390,000 boxes the previous year, valued at $39,000.
Corresponding decreases in production due to unfavorable spring weather were
noted in the more important cherry regions.

SUGAR BEETS

SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION

r-400,000

300,000

200.000-

Sugar beets have come to be one of the
most popular crops for the irrigated val-
leys of the state, ordinarily paying good
dividends and working well into crop ro-
tation. In 1927 there were three fac-
tories operating in Montana, the pioneer
Great Western Sugar Co.rpany at Bil-
lings, the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company at
Chinook, and the Holly Sugar Company
at Sidney. Quite an extensive acreage of
beets was grown in Big Horn County for
processinfr in Wyoming.

A new factory is now being constructed
at Missoula by the Amalgamated Sugar
Company, to serve beet growers in the
western part of the state. It is said that
the Big Horn beet growers are attempt-
ing to develop interest in the construction of a refinery at Hardin.

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COUNTY STATISTICS

The following tables show acreage,
yield per acre, production and farm value
of principal crops for each county of
Montana as estimated by the State-Fed-
eral Crop Reporting Service for 1927 and
1926.

These estimates are based on the cen-
sus of 1924 and sample data as to acreage
yield and price changes for 1926 and
1927 with reference to that base.

Farmers, grain men, bankers and
county agents were extensively circular-
ized to secure the necessary basic mater-
ial for these estimates.

They serve not so much as an absolute
measure of the production and value in
any one year as they do as indicators of year to year relative changes.

BEAVERHEAD COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 3,000 19 57,000 64,410 3,000 26 78,000 75,660

Winter Wheat 1,000 15 15,000 16,050 1,000 29 29,000 26.680

All Wheat 4,000 18 72,000 80,460 4,000 26.7 107,000 102,340

Oats 7,000 32 224,000 118,720 7,000 53 371,000 163,240

Barley 1,700 20 34,000 21,760 2,200 48 105,600 63,360

Rye 500 12 6,000 4,500 600 24 14,400 10,512

Potatoes 400 85 34,000 40,800 500 110 55,000 35,750

Seed Peas 1,200 209 25,100 50,200 575 21.4 12,300 25,830

All Tame Hay 44,000 1.80 79,200 831,600 44,000 2.1 92,400 776,160

Wild Hay 95,100 .90 85,600 813,200 212,600 1.20 255,100 1,913,250

Farm Gardens 62,000 76.600

Truck Crops 2,200 2,500

Other Crops 810 810

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,026,250 $3,170,352

Livestock Marketed .... 3,750,000 3,429,500

Total Value 5,776,250 6,599,852

BIG HORN COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 32,000 16 512,000 578,560 32,000 20 640,000 620,800

Winter Wheat 25,000 12 300,000 321,000 31,000 18 558,000 613,360

All Wheat 67,000 14.7 812,000 899,560 63,000 19.0 1,198,000 1,134,160

Oats 10,000 31 310,000 164,300 9,000 40 360,000 158,400

Barley 4,200 18 75,600 48,384 5,400 34 183,600 110,160

Rye 1.000 10 10.000 7,500 1,300 20 26,000 18,980

Flaxseed 3,900 3.5 13,800 25,530 5,600 7.5 42,000 73.500

Corn 8,000 12 96,000 88,320 7,000 21 147,000 105,840

Potatoes 400 100 40,000 48,000 500 130 65,000 42,250

Beans 5,700 11 57,000 175,560 7,600 17 129,200 387.600

Sugar Beets 2,250 10.9 24,475 198,005 2,000 10.5 20,925 177,863

Alfalfa Seed 200 3.1 620 8,370 100 2.5 250 3,250

All Tame Hay 31,000 1.50 46,500 488,260 31,000 2.5 77,500 651,000

Wild Hay 7,300 .90 6,600 62,700 16,300 1.20 19,600 147,000

Farm Gardens 70,400 87,000

Truck Crops 5,500 5,800

Other Crops 930 980

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,291,309 $3,104,233

Livestock Marketed .... 1,584,000 1,447,800

Total Value 3,875,309 4,552,033

—31—

BLAINE COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- , Acre Produc-

CROP Acrei^e Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 64,000 12 768,000 867,840 68,000 22 1,496,000 1,451,120

Winter Wheat 1,000 15 15,000 16,050 1,000 18 18,000 16,560

All Wheat 66,000 12.0 783,000 883,890 69,000 21.9 1,514,000 1,467,680

Oats 17,000 23 391,000 207,230 20,000 45 900,000 396,000

Barley 1,700 18 30,600 19,584 2,200 38 83,600 50,160

Rye 16,100 12 193,000 144,900 20,200 16 323,200 235,936

Flaxseed 5,800 4.9 28.400 52,540 8,400 12.5 105,000 183,750

Corn 7,000 11 77,000 70,840 6,000 25 150,000 108,000

Potatoes 900 .90 81,000 97,200 1,300 150 195,000 126,750

Beans 600 8 4,800 13,440 400 20 8,000 24,000

Sugar Beets 1,500 11.0 16,500 133,485 1,800 8.25 14,850 126,225

Alfalfa Seed 200 2.00 400 5,200

All Tame Hay 26,000 2.05 53.100 557,550 25.000 2.10 52.500 441,000

Wild Hay 9,700 .80 7,800 74,100 21,700 1.00 21,700 162,750

Farm Gardens 87,200 107,800

Truck Crops 14,200 16,400

Other Crops 1,150 1,150

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,857,309 $3,452,801

Livestock Marketed .... 2,162,000 1,976,100

Total Value 4,519,309 5,428,901

BROADWATER COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 12,000 24 288,000 325,440 13,000 27 351,000 340.470

Winter Wheat 9.000 19 171.000 182.970 11.000 20 220,000 202,400

All Wheat 21,000 21.9 459,000 508.410 24.000 23.8 571.000 542.870

Oats 7,000 39 273,000 144,690 7,000 50 350,000 154,000

Barley 1.700 35 59.500 38,080 2,200 30 66,000 39,600

Rye 600 21 12.600 9,450 800 20 16,000 11,680

Potatoes 600 106 63,600 76,320 700 110 77.000 50.050

Seed Peas 150 21.3 3,200 6,400 100 21 2,100 4.410

All Tame Hay 19.000 1.9 36,100 379.050 18,000 3.3 59,400 498.960

Wild Hay 4.200 1.4 5.900 56.050 9,500 1.5 14,200 106,500

Apples 2.100 2,520 18,000 2.340

Farm Gardens 41,700 51.500

Truck Crops 800 900

Miscellaneous Fruits 500 700

Other Crops 550 5S0

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,264,520 $1,464,060

Livestock Marketed 641,700 486,500

Total Value 1,906,220 2,050,560

CARBON COUNTY

CROP Acreage

Spring Wheat - 41,000

Winter Wheat 8,000

All Wheat 49,000

Oata 11,000

Barley 2,500

Rye 500

Flaxseed 200

Corn 6,000

Potatoes 700

Beans 3,500

Seed Peas 5,500

Canning Peas 50.000

Alfalfa Seed 50

Sugar Beets 4.300

All Tame Hay 47.000

Wild Hay 600

Apples

Farm Gardens

Truck Crops

Miscellaneous Fruits
Other Crops

CROP TABLE

1926

1927

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

27

1,107,000

1,250,910

43,000

28

1,204,000

1,167,880

24

192,000

205,440

9,000

23

207.000

190,440

26.5

1,299,000

1.456,350

52.000

26.1

1.411,000

1,358,320

48

528,000

279.840

10.000

42

420.000

184,800

34

85.000

54.400

3.200

30

96.000

57,600

18

9,000

6.750

600

17

10,200

7,446

3.5

700

1.295

300

7.0

2,100

3.675

17

102.000

93,840

5.000

25

125.000

90.000

110

77.000

92.400

800

155

124.000

80.600

11

38,500

107.800

4,100

22.5

92.000

276,000

25.5

149,100

280.200

2.800

23.3

65.200

136.920

cases m 52.60

130,000

35,250

cases @ $2.50

88.126

3.8

190

2,570

25

3.0

75

975

11.5

49.450

400,050

4.700

12.5

58.750

499,875

2.00

94.000

987,000

45.000

z.s

103.500

869,400

1.00

600

5,700

1.300

1.10

1.400

10.500

13,650

16.380

113.000

13,000

500

1,490

11,650

15.145

140,000

15,000

700

1,490

—32-

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,042,565 $3,836,071

Livestock Marketed .... 1,131,800 1,034,500

Total Value 5,174,365 4,870,571

CARTER COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 17,000 8 136,000 153,680 18,000 19 342,000

Winter Wheat 1,000 10 10,000 10.700 1,000 19 19,000

All Wheat 18,000 8.1 146,000 164,380 19,000 19 361,000

Oats 10,000 28 280.000 148,400 9,000 40 360,000

Barley 1.700 14 23,800 15.232 2.200 32 70,400

Rye 2.000 7 14,000 10,500 2,500 17 42.500

Flaxseed 1,900 3.2 6,000 11,100 2,800 10.5 29,400

Corn 12,000 11 131,000 120,520 10,000 28 280,000

Potatoes 300 70 21,000 25,200 300 125 37,500

Beans 400 9 3,600 10,080 550 18 9,900

Alfalfa Seed 800 2.2 1,800 24.300 400 2.0 800

All Tame Hay 17.000 1.5 25,500 267,750 16.000 2.2 35,200

Wild Hay 17,000 .5 8,500 80,750 37,800 1.0 37,800

Farm Gardens 47,500

Truck Crops 200

Other Crops 620

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 926.532 $1,537,110

Livestock Marketed .... 1.540,900 1,408,400

Total Value 2,467,432 2,945,510

CASCADE COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 65.000 18 1.170,000 1.322.100 68,000 25 1,700,000

Winter Wheat 44,000 24 1,056.000 1,129.920 54.000 23 1,242,000

All Wheat 109,000 20.4 2,226,000 2,452,000 122,000 24.1 2,942,000

Oats 13,000 36 468,000 248,040 13,000 36 468,000

Barley 3,000 30 90,000 57,600 3.900 25 97.500

Rye 3,000 13 39,000 29,250 4,000 16 64,000

Flaxseed 200 3.5 700 1,295 400 10 4.000

Corn 6.000 16 96,000 88,320 5,006 25 125 000

Potatoes 1,300 80 104,000 124.800 1,400 135 189 OOO

Beans 400 10 4,000 11,200 400 10 4 000

Seed Peas 120 21.7 2,600 5,200 50 22 1,100

Sugar Beets 600 8 4,800 38,830 200 7.0 1,400

Clover Seed 800 5.0 4.000

All Tame Hay 58,000 1.66 96,200 l,01f,100 57,000 2.14 121 800

Wild Hay 6,700 1.25 8,400 79,800 14,800 1.20 17*800

Apples 100 120 100

Farm Gardens 102,400

Truck Crops 8,500

Other Crops 1.360

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,258,835 $4,703,350

Livestock Marketed .... 2,659,400 2,430.800

Total Value 6.918,235 7,134,150

CHOTEAU COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 146,000 15 2,190,000 2,474.700 150,000 25 3 750 000

Winter Wheat 56,000 14 784.000 838.880 71,000 25 l'775'oOO

All Wheat 202,000 14.7 2,^74,000 3,313,580 221,000 25 5'525'eoo

Oats 13,000 23 299,000 158,470 12,000 38 '456*000

Barley 1,700 22 37,400 23.936 2.200 25 55*000

Rye 5,000 11 55,000 41,250 6,500 15 97*500

Flaxseed 300 5.3 1,600 2,960 400 9 3*600

Corn 13,000 15 195,000 179,400 13,000 18 234*000

Potatoes 400 75 30.000 36,000 500 120 60*000

Sugar Beets 75 9.0 '675

All Tame Hay 22,000 1.85 40,700 427,350 20.000 2 3 46 000

Wild Hay 4,200 .90 3,800 36,100 9,100 1.20 lo'900

Farm Gardens 131.600

Truck Crops 2,600

Other Crops 1,740

Value

331,740

17,480

349,220

158,400

42,240

31,025

51,450

201,600

24,375

29,700

10,400

295,680

283,500

58,700

200

620

Value

1,649,000

1,142.600

2,791,640

205,920

58,500

46,720

7,000

90,000

122,850

12,000

2,310

11,900

60.000

1,023,120

133,500

130

126,600

9,800

1,360

Value

3,637,500

1,633,000

5.270,500

200.640

33,000

71,175

6,300

168,480

39,000

5,737

386,400

81,750

162,700

3,000

1.740

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Crops

Value
$4,35^

1926 Value 1927
1,986 $6,480,422
1,100 1.586.000
>,086 8,015,422

TABLE

1927
Acre Produc-
Value Acreage Yield tion
181,930 24,000 19 456,000
19,260 3,000 17 51,000
201,190 27,000 18.8 507,000
85.860 9,000 39 351,000
16.000 3,200 31 99,200
2,700 800 16 12,800
9,620 2,800 10 28,000
143,520 12,000 23 276,000
48,000 900 125 112,500
8,960 550 18 9,900
50 10 500
149,850 1,875 2 3.750
226,800 17,000 1.6 27,200
55,100 13,500 1.1 14,800
41,000
1,800
540

N 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
KETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

1926 Value 1927
3,440 $1,508,309
),800 1.691,700
1,240 3,200.009

Livestock
Total Vah

>UNTY

Acreage

28,000

3,000

26,000

Marketed
le

.... 1,784
fi.ORc

CUSTER CC

CROP

Spring Wheat
Winter Wheat
All Wheat .

CROP

1926
Acre Produc-
Yield tion

7 161,000
6 18.000
6.9 179,000

18 162.000
10 25.000
6 3,600
2.7 5,200
12 156,000
50 40,000

8 3,200

2.9 11,000

1.2 21,600

.95 5,800

)PS PRODUCED 1
PRODUCTS MAR

Value

Value
442.320
46.920
489.240

Oats

9,000

154.440

Barley ....

Rye . ~

2,500

600

59,520
9,344

Flaxseed

1,900

49,000

Com

13,000

198,720

Potatoes

800

73,125

Beans

400

29,700

Sugar Beets ....

4,250

Alfalfa Seed

3,800

48 750

All Tame Hay

18.000

228,480

Wild Hay

6,100

111,000

Farm Gardens

50,700
1,500

Other Crops ....

540

V

ALUE OF CRC
LIVESTOCK

Crops

Livestock Marketed
Total Value

1,85(

2,84]

DANIELS COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 167,000 15 2,505,000 2,830,650 175,000 19 3,325,000

Winter Wheat 3,000 14 42,000 44.940 5,000 12 60,000

All Wheat 170,000 15 2,547,000 2,875,590 180,000 18.8 3,385,000

Oats 31,000 29 899,000 476,470 29,000 40 1,130.000

Barley 3,400 25 85,000 54,400 4,400 30 132,000

Rye 3,000 18 54,000 40,500 4,000 19.5 78,000

Flaxseed 18,300 5.8 106,400 196,840 26,200 9.2 241,000

Corn 5,000 12 60,000 55,200 4,000 26 104,000

Potatoes 400 90 36,000 43.200 500 125 62,500

Alfalfa Seed 150 3.0 450 6,075 75 2.0 150

All Tame Hay 6,000 1.40 8,400 88,200 6,000 2.1 12,600

Wild Hay 3,000 .50 1,500 14,250 6,700 .60 5,400

Farm Gardens 65,600

Truck Crops 2,300

Other Crops 860

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $3,919,485 $4,683,895

Livestock Marketed .... 501,700 458 500

Total Value 4,421,185 5,1421395

DAWSON COUNTY

CROP Acreage

Spring Wheat 101,000

Winter Wheat 3,000

All Wheat 104,000

Oats 25,000

Barley 3,400

Rye 1.000

Flaxseed 17.200

Corn 16,000

Potatoes 800

Beans 600

All Tame Hay 17,000

Wild Hay 8.500

Farm Gardens

Truck Crops

Other Crops

Value

3,225,250

55,200

3,280,450

497,200

79,200

56,940

421,750

74,880

40,625

1.950

105,840

40,500

81,100

2,600

860

CROP TABLE

1926

19 2 7

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Produc-

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

6

606,000

684,780

105,000

18

1,908,000

1,850,760

7

21,000

22,470

3.000

19

57.000

52,440

6.0

627,000

707,250

108,000

18.2

1,965,000

1,903.200

16

400.000

212,000

22,000

37

814.000

358,160

9

30.600

19.584

4.000

36

144,000

86,400

7,000

5,250

1.300

15

19.500

14,235

3.2

54,300

100,455

24.500

12

294,000

514,500

9

144,000

132,480

15,000

28

420,000

302,400

32,000

38,400

800

150

120.000

78.000

6

3,600

10.080

900

15

13.500

40,500

.70

11,900

124,950

16,000

1.9

30.400

255,360

.65

5,500

52,250

72,200

2,100

950

19,000

1.20

22,800

171.000

89,800

2.400

950

-34-

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OP
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,477,949 $3,816,405

Livestock Marketed .... 1,775,600 1,622,900

Total Value 3,253,549 5,439,305

DEER LODGE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 1,000 14 14,000 15,820 1,000 18 18,000 17,460

All Wheat „... 1,000 14 14,000 15,820 1,000 18 18,000 17,460

Oats 2,000 28 56,000 29,680 2,000 45 90,000 39,600

Barley 800 31 24.800 15,872 1,000 40 40,000 24,000

Rye 200 16 3,200 2,400 200 19 3,800 2,774

Potatoes 700 80 56,000 67,200 700 1,75 122,500 79,625

All Tame Hay 11,000 1.30 14,300 150,150 11,000 2.3 25,300 212,520

Wild Hay 3,000 .80 2,400 22.800 6,700 1.0 6,700 50,250

Apples 900 1,080 750 975

Farm Gardens 20,000 24,700

Truck Crops 5,300 6,100

Miscl. Fruits 1,500 1.700

Other Crops 260 260

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 332,062 $ 459,962

Livestock Marketed .... 203,200 185,700

Total Value 535,262 645,664

FALLON COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 73,000 7 511,000 577,430 77,000 17 1,309,000 1,269,730

Winter Wheat 17,000 5 85,000 90,950 21,000 17 357,000 328,440

All Wheat 90,000 6.7 596,000 668,380 98,000 17.0 1,666,000 1,598,170

Oats 15,000 18 270,000 143,100 13,000 35 455,000 200,200

Barley 5,500 11 60,500 38,720 7,200 31 223,200 133,920

Rye 4,000 5 20,000 15,000 5,000 18 90,000 65,700

Flaxseed 4,800 2.25 10,800 19,980 6,900 11 75,900 132,825

Corn 10,000 10 100,000 92,000 8,000 22 176,000 126,720

Potatoes 400 50 20,000 24,000 500 14.5 72,500 47,125

Beans 700 19 13,300 39,900

Alfalfa Seed 50 2.6 150 2,025 25 3.0 75 975

All Tame Hay 9,000 1.40 12,600 132,300 19,000 2.0 38,000 319,200

Wild Hay 5,500 .82 4,500 42,750 12,200 1.25 15,200 114,000

Farm Gardens 41,000 50,700

Truck Crops 1,100 1,300

Other Crops 540 640

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,220,895 $2,831,275

Livestock Marketed .... 935,100 854,700

Total Value 2,155,995 3,685,975

FERGUS COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 172,000 15 2,580,000 2,915,400 180,000 20 3,600,000 3 492 000

Winter Wheat 56,000 14 784,000 838,880 63,000 24 1,512 000 l'39l'040

All Wheat 288,000 14.8 3,364.000 3,754,280 243,000 14.9 5,112*000 4'883'040

Oats 28,000 27 756,000 400,680 26,000 35 910,000 '400*400

Barley 6,100 29 176,800 113,152 7,900 32 252,800 151 680

Rye 4,000 12 48,000 36,000 5,000 18 90,000 65 700

Flaxseed 1,000 3.9 3,900 7,215 1,400 10.5 14,700 25 725

Corn 12,000 16 192.000 176,640 10,000 25 250,000 18o!oOO

Potatoes 1,100 70 77,000 92,400 1,300 130 169,000 109 850

Beans 350 11 3,800 10,640 550 15 8,250 24 750

Seed Peas 150 20.7 3,100 6,200 100 21 2,100 4*410

Alfalfa Seed 200 4 800 10.800 100 2 200 2*600

All Tame Hay 74,000 1.30 96,200 1,010,100 74,000 2.0 148.000 1 243*200

Wild Hay 6,100 .65 4,000 38,000 11,500 1.00 11,500 86*250

Apples 50 60 50 ' 65

Farm Gardens 100,000 123 700

Truck Crops 5,400 6!200

Other Crops 1,320 1 820

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $5,762,887 $7,808,890

Livestock Marketed .... 3,228,400 2,962,100

Total Value 8,991,287 10,260.990

tLiAina^AU KAJ

urNi I

CROP TABLE

1926

1927

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Produc-

CROP

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Spring Wheat

25,000

12

300,000

339,000

26,000

21

646,000

529.620

Winter Wheat „

8,000

14

112,000

119,840

10,000

27

270,000

248,400

All Wheat ™

83,000

12.6

412,000

458.840

36,000

22.7

816,000

778,020

Oats

8.000

26

208,000

110,240

8,000

40

320,000

140,800

Barley

7,000

24

168,000

107,520

10,000

33

330,000

198,000

Rye ...

700

9

6,300

4,725

500

18

9,000

6,570

Corn

1,000

11

11,000

10,120

1,000

25

25,000

18,000

Potatoes

2,900

93

269,700

323,640

3,200

140

448,000

291,200

Seed Peas _.

200

21

4,200

8,400

200

20

4,000

8,400

Alfalfa Seed

500

2.5

1,300

17,550

300

.83

250

8,260

Clover Seed

200

200

1.25

250

3,760

All Tame Hay

25,000

1.35

33,700

353,850

12.000

2.0

24,000

201.600

Wild Hay

5,000

.70

3,500

33.250

7,000

1.25

8,800

66,000

Apples

7.300

8.760

6,250

8,125

Farm Gardens

94.800

117,200

Truck Crops

26,500

29,400

Miscl. Fruits

2.000

2,200

Other Crops

1.260

1,260

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,560,455 $1,873,775

Livestock Marketed .... 694,200 634,500

Total Value 2,254,655 2,508,275

liAL-LiAllIM «^t

CROP

Spring Wheat

Winter Wheat

All Wheat

Oats

Barley

LF U rN 1 I

Acreage

47,000

33,000

80.000

15,000

9,200

1
Acre
Yield
23
23
23
38
33
22

17
110

15.9
cases (

2.05
1.00

CROP TABLE

926

Produc-
tion Value
1,081,000 1,221,530
759,000 812,130
1.840.000 2,033,660
570,000 302,100
303,600 194,304
66,000 49,500

17,000 15,640
132,000 158,400

181,300 362,600
@ $2.60 592,800

104,600 1,098,300

600 5,700

1,000 1,200

108,600

17.000

500

1.430

Acreage
52.000
41,000
93,000
13,000
11,000
2,500
100

1,400

200

5,700

160,550

300

49,000

1,000

1927
Acre Produc-
Yield tion
25 1,300.000
28 1.148.000
26.3 2,448,000
60 780,000
34 374,000
20 50,000
10 1.000

150 210,000

22 4,400

20 114,000

cases @ $2.50

6.0 1,800

2.5 122,500

1.30 1,300

850

Value

1,261,000

1,056,160

2,317,160

343,200

224,400

36,500

1,750

136,500

Rye

Flaxseed

Corn

Potatoes

3,000

!"".'. 1,000
1,200

Beans

Seed Peas

Canning Peas

Clover Seed

All Tame Hay

"Z 11,400
228,000

51,000

13,200

239,400

401.375

27,000

1,029.000

9,750

1,105

134,800

19,600

600

1.430

Wild Hay

Apples

Farm Gardens

Truck Crops

Miscl. Fruits

Other Crops

600

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927
Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,941,734 $4,936,270

Livestock Marketed .... 1.503,500 1,374,300

Total Value 6,445.234 6,310,570

KxAnt irjL,U K^UL

JI> 1 I

CROP TABLE

1926

1927

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Produc-

CROP

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Spring Wheat

39,000

5.5

205,000

231,660

41,000

20

820,000

795,400

Winter Wheat

2,000

4

8,000

8,560

2,000

15

30,000

27,600

All Wheat

41,000

5.2

213,000

240,210

43,000

19.8

850,000

823,000

Oats

13,000

19

247,000

130,910

12,000

38

456,000

200,640

Barley —

800

10

8,000

5.120

1,000

26

26,000

15,600

Rye

2,000

7

14,000

10,500

2,500

22

55,000

40,150

Flaxseed

9,600

4.1

38,900

71.965

13,700

10.3

141,100

246,926

Corn

16,000

6

96,000

88.320

14,000

21

294,000

211.680

Potatoes

500

38

19,000

22,800

600

120

72,000

46.800

Alfalfa Seed

1,900

2.9

4,900

66,150

925

1.0

925

12,026

All Tame Hay

25,000

1.10

27,500

288,750

24,000

1.6

S8,40d

322,560

Wild Hay »..

2,400

.35

800

7,600

5,400

1.15

6,200

46,500

Farm Gardens

85,400

106.600

Truck Crops

11,000

12,700

Other Crops

1,070

1,070

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops ....$1,029,795 $2,085,250

Livestock Marketed .... 1,417.900 1,296.000

Total Value 2,447,695 8.381,250

GLACIER COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat „ 21,000 8 168,000 189,840 22,000 15 330,000

All Wheat 21,000 8 168,000 189,840 22,000 15 330,000

Oats 4,000 25 100.000 53,000 4,000 40 160,000

Barley 800 25 20,000 12,800 1,000 30 30,000

Rye 1,000 10 10,000 7,500 1,300 20 26,000

Flaxseed 200 4.5 900 1,665 300 10 3,000

Potatoes „ 200 65 13.500 16,200 200 86 17,200

All Tame Hay „. 2,000 1.25 2,500 26,250 2,000 1.8 3,600

Wild Hay 13,400 .51 6,800 64,600 29,800 1.0 29,800

Farm Gardens 29,700

Other Crops 390

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops _ $ 401,945 $ 734,740

Livestock Marketed .... 1,125,800 1.029,000

Total Value 1,527,745 1.763,740

GOLDEN VALLEY COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 38,000 6 228,000 257,640 40,000 22 880,000

Winter Wheat 18,000 9 162,000 173,340 22,000 15 330,000

All Wheat 56,000 7 390,000 430,980 62,000 19.5 1,210,000

Oats 8,000 20 160,000 84.800 7,000 36 252,000

Barley 1,700 30 51,000 32,640 2,200 30 66,000

Flaxseed 200 4.5 900 1,665 300 9.5 2,800

Corn 10,000 12 120,000 110,400 8,000 23 184,000

Potatoes _ _ 300 85 25,500 30,600 300 120 36,000

Beans 250 8 2,000 5,600 350 12 4,200

All Tame Hay 9,000 1.80 16,200 170.100 9,000 3.3 29,700

Wild Hay 1,800 .60 1,100 10.450 4,000 1.40 5,600

Farm Gardens 45,800

Other Crops 600

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 923,635 $1,829,740

Livestock Marketed .... 548,600 501,400

Total Value 1,472,235 2,331,140

GRANITE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 1,000 15 15.000 16.950 1,000 19 19,000

Winter Wheat 1,000 20 20,000 21,400 1,000 21 21 000

All Wheat 2,000 17.5 35,000 38,350 2,000 20 40 000

Oats 2,000 28 56,000 29,680 2,000 50 100 000

Barley 1,700 30 51,000 32,640 2,100 35 73'500

Rye 100 19 1,900 1,425 100 21 2,100

Potatoes 400 90 36.000 43,200 500 150 75 000

Seed Peas 150 20.7 3,100 6,200 100 21 2,100

All Tame Hay 24,000 1.40 33.600 352,800 21,000 1.8 37,800

Wild Hay 1.800 .9 1,600 15,200 4,000 1.1 4,400

Apples 2,200 2.640 1,850

Farm Gardens 25,000

Truck Crops 900

Miscl. Fruits 1.000

Other Crops 330

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 549,365 $ 566,798

Livestock Marketed .... 872,600 797,600

Total Value 1,421,965 1,364,398

HILL COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 185,000 7 1,295,000 1,463,350 194,000 23 4 462 000

Winter Wheat 3,000 14 42.000 44.940 3,000 24 72*000

All Wheat 188,000 7.1 1,337.000 1,508,290 197.000 23 4,534*000

Oats 20,000 22 440,000 233,200 17,000 42 646 000

Barley 4,000 19 76,000 48,640 6,000 33 198*000

Rye _ _. 4,000 9 36,000 27,000 5,000 13.3 66,'500

Flaxseed 1,900 4.5 8,600 15,910 2.800 10.8 30 200

Com 10,000 9 90.000 82.800 5,000 18 90 0^

Potatoes 700 65 45,500 54,600 800 130 104000

Beans „ 250 10 2,500 7,006 300 18 5)400

—37—

Value

320,100

320,100

70,400

18.000

18.980

5.250

11,180

30,240

223,500

36,700

390

Value

853,600

303,600

1,157,200

110,880

39,600

4,900

132,480

23,400

12,600

249,480

42,000

56,600

600

Value
18,430
19,320
37,750
44,000
44,100

1,533
48.750

4,410

317,520

33,000

2,405
30,900

1,000

1,100
330

Value

4,328,140

66,240

4,394,380

284,240

118,800

48,545

52,850

64,800

67,600

16.200

All Tame Hay 12,000 1.50 18,000 189,000 12,000 2.3 27.600 231,840

Wild Hay 1.200 .40 500 4,750 2,700 1.37 3,700 27,750

Farm Gardens 123,000 152,600

Truck Crops 3.000 3,500

Other Crops 1,620 1,620

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,298,810 $5,464,725

Livestock Marketed .... 1,148,200 1,049,500

Total Value 3,447,010 6,614,225

JEFFERSON COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 9,000 23 207,000 233,910 9,000 23 207,000 200,790

Winter Wheat 5,000 20 100,000 107,000 5,000 21 110,000 101.200

All Wheat 14,000 21.9 807,000 340,910 14,000 22.6 317,000 301,990

Oats ».... 2,000 32 64,000 33,920 2,000 28 56,000 24,640

Barley 1,700 35 59,500 38,080 2,200 40 88,000 52,800

Rye 3,000 14 42,000 31,500 3,800 20 76,000 55,480

Potatoes 700 90 63,000 75,600 800 145 116.000 75.400

Seed Peas _. 500 20.8 10.400 20,800 300 21 6.300 13,230

All Tame Hay 13,000 2.00 26,000 273,000 13,000 2.2 28,600 240,240

Wild Hay 1 6,700 1.20 8,100 76,950 14,900 2.00 29,800 223.500

Apples 1,400 1,680 1,200 1,560

Farm Gardens 50,800 62,800

Truck Crops 8,400 9,700

Miscl. Fruits 500 700

Other Crops 670 670

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 952,810 $1,062,710

Livestock Marketed .... 465,600 425,600

Total Value 1,418,410 1,488,310

JUDITH BASIN COUNTY ^rop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 95,000 17 1,615,000 1,824,950 100,000 23 2,300,000 2,231,000

Winter Wheat 34,000 12 408,000 436,560 42,000 20 840,000 772.800

All Wheat 129,000 15.7 2,023,000 2,261,510 142,000 22.1 3,140,000 3,003,800

Oats 9.000 36 324,000 171,720 8,000 39 312,000 137,280

Barley 4.900 31 152,000 97,280 6,000 35 210,000 126,000

Rye 2,000 14 28,000 21,000 2,500 20 50.000 86,500

Flaxseed 100 5.0 500 925 100 9.7 9,700 1,750

Corn 1,000 10 10,000 9,200 1,000 20 20,000 14,400

Potatoes 500 71 35,500 42,600 600 120 72,000 46,800

All Tame Hay 36.000 1.40 50,400 529,200 35,000 1.7 59,500 499.800

Wild Hay 7,300 .80 5,800 55,100 16,300 1.20 19,600 147.000

Farm Gardens 79,500 98,300

Truck Crops 700 800

Other Crops 1,050 1,060

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $3,269,785 $4,113,480

Livestock Marketed .... 1.516,900 1,386.500

Total Value 4,786,685 5,499,980

LAKE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 18,000 14 252.000 284.760 19.000 19 361.000 350,170

Winter Wheat 22,000 17 374.000 400.180 27.000 24 648,000 596,160

All Wheat _. 40,000 15.7 626,000 684.940 46,000 21.9 1,009,000 946,330

Oats 7,000 27 189,000 107,170 7,000 45 315,000 138.600

Barley 2.500 28 70.000 44,800 3,200 35 112.000 67.200

Rye 900 15 13.500 10,125 1,100 16 17.600 12.848

Flaxseed 200 4.5 900 1,665 300 10 3.000 5,250

Corn 1,000 15 15,000 13,800 1,000 30 30.000 21.600

Potatoes 600 110 66.000 79.200 700 150 105,000 68,250

Beans 150 9 1.300 3.640 200 18 3.600 10,800

Seed Peas 2,100 21.8 45,800 91,600 1,000 21 21,000 44,100

Sugar Beets 50 10 500 4,045

Alfalfa Seed 50 2.5 130 1.750 25 2.0 50 650

All Tame Hay 25.000 1.70 43,800 459,900 25,000 2.3 57,500 483,000

Wild Hay 1.200 .60 700 6.650 2.700 1.35 3.600 27.000

Apples 21,500 25,800 18,300 23.790

Farm Gardens 94,800 100,400

Truck Crops 5,200 6,000

Miscl. Fruits 1,000 1,100

Other Crops 1,070 1,070

—88—

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OP
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926

Crops $1,616,550

Livestock Marketed .... 860,300
Total Value 2,476,850

Value 1927

$1,957,988

786,300

2,744,288

LEWIS & CLARK COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP . Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 12,000 21 252,000 284,760 14,000 20 280,000 271,600

Winter Wheat 4,000 17 68,000 72,760 4,000 25 100,000 92,000

All Wheat 16,000 20.0 320,000 357,520 18,000 21.1 380,000 363.600

Oats 5,000 39 195,000 103,350 5,000 39 195,000 85,800

Barley 1,700 35 59.500 38,080 2,200 34 74,800 44,880

Rye _. 2.500 9 22,500 116,875 3,200 18 57,600 42,048

Corn 1,000 9 9,000 8,280 1,000 20 20,000 14,400

Potatoes 1,500 85 127,500 153,000 1,700 123.2 209,400 136,110

Seed Peas 630 21.7 13,700 27,400 375 21 7.900 16.590

Sugar Beets 50 6.3 325 2.762

All Tame Hay 34.000 1.40 47,600 499,800 34,000 2.7 91,800 771,120

Wild Hay 12,800 .65 8,300 78,850 28,400 1.00 28,400 213,000

Apples 250 300 200 260

Farm Gardens 47,800 59,100

Truck Crops 4,600 5,300

Other Crops 630 630

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,336,485 $1,755,600

Livestock Marketed .... 1,803,800 1,648,700

Total Value 3,140,285 3,404,300

LIBERTY COUNTY ^rop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 53,000 7 371,000 419,230 56,000 16 896,000 869,120

All Wheat 53,000 7 371,000 419,230 56,000 16 896,000 869,120

Oats 3,000 21 63,000 33,390 3,000 45 135,000 59,400

Barley 800 22 17,600 11,264 1,000 40 40,000 24,000

Rye 200 8 1,600 1,200 200 20 4,000 2,920

Flaxseed 1,000 4.3 4,300 7.955 1,400 8.5 11,900 20,825

Corn 1,000 10 10,000 9,200 1,000 20 20,000 14,400

Potatoes 300 60 18,000 21,600 300 130 39,000 25,350

All Tame Hay 6,000 1.20 7,200 75,600 6,000 1.8 10,800 90,720

Wild Hay 1,800 .60 1,100 10,450 4,000 1.10 4,400 33,000

Farm Gardens 63,200 78,100

Other Crops 830 830

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 653,919 $1,218,665

Livestock Marketed .... 528,600 483,200

Total Value 1,182,519 1,701,865

LINCOLN COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 3,000 13 39,000 44,070 3,000 23 69,000 66 930

All Wheat 3,000 13 39,000 44,070 3,000 23 69,000 66,930

Oats 2,000. 24 48,000 25.440 2,000 45 90,000 39.600

Barley 800 30 24,000 15,360 1,000 37 37,000 22,200

Rye 400 8 3,200 2,400 500 17 8,500 6,205

Potatoes 300 100 30,000 36,000 300 130 39,000 25,350

Tame Hay 12,000 1,45 17,400 182,700 12,000 2.3 27,600 231,840

Wild Hay 600 .67 400 3,800 1,300 1.25 1,600 12,000

Apples 1.100 1,320 900 1,170

Farm Gardens 50,000 61,800

Truck Crops 3,200 3,700

Miscl. Fruits 1.000 1,100

Other Crops 660 660

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 365,950 $ 472,555

Livestock Marketed .... 272,400 249,000

Total Value 638,350 721.555

MADISON COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acie Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acrea£:e Yield tion

Spring Wheat 9,000 22 198,000 223,740 9,000 28 252,000

Winter Wheat 4,000 19 76,000 81,320 5,000 20 100 000

All Wheat 13,000 21.1 274,000 305,060 14,000 25.1 352,000

Oats 7,000 38 266.000 140,980 7,000 41 287.000

Barley 1,700 29 49,300 31,562 2,200 48 105,600

Rye 1,000 22 22,000 16.500 1,300 28 36.400

Flaxseed 100 3 300 555 100 12 1.200

Com 1,000 12 12,000 11,040 1,000 22 22,000

Potatoes 900 120 108,000 129,600 900 120 108,000

Canning Peas 400 20.7 8,300 16,600 200 19 3.800

Alfalfa Seed 50 4 200 2,700 25 2.4 60

All Tame Hay 53,000 1.9 100,700 1,057,350 500 1.7 85,000

Wild Hay 12,800 1.0 12,800 121,600 28,400 1.0 28.400

Apples 1,100 1,320 900

Farm Gardens ~. 61,000

Truck Crops 8,900

Miscl. Fruits 1,000

Other Crops 800

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AJO) 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,901,557 $1,659,522

Livestock Marketed .... 1,373,500 1,255,400

Total Value 3,275,057 2,914,922

McCONE COUNTY ^rop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 74,000 4 296,000 334.480 78,000 18 1,406,000

Winter Wheat 6,000 5 30,000 32,100 6,000 25 150,000

All Wheat 80,000 4.1 326.000 366,580 84,000 18.5 1.556,000

Oats 21.000 12 252,000 133,560 18,000 33 594,000

Barley 1,700 7 11,900 7,616 2,200 31 68,200

Rye 1,000 8 8,000 6,000 1,300 27 35,100

Flaxseed 16,400 2.7 44,100 81,585 23,600 9.8 231,200

Corn 15,000 7 105.000 96.600 14.000 21 294.000

Potatoes 300 35 10,500 12.600 300 130 39.000

All Tame Hay 19,000 .85 16,100 169,050 18,000 2.2 39,600

Wild Hay 4,900 .40 2,000 19,000 10,800 1.12 12,100

Farm Gardens 72.200

Truck Crops 1,500

Other Crops 950

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 967,241 $2,986,693

Livestock Marketed .... 1,378,500 1 259 900

Total Value 2.346,741 4,246,693

MEAGHER COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 6,000 17 102,000 116,260 6,000 18 108,000

Winter Wheat 1,000 20 20,000 21,400 1,000 25 25 000

All Wheat 7,000 17.4 122,000 136,660 7,000 19 133*000

Oats 8,000 38 114,000 60,420 3,000 40 120'000

Barley 2,500 33 82,600 52,800 3,200 36 112 000

Rye 300 20 6,000 4,500 300 23 6 900

Flaxseed 200 5 1,000 1,850 300 10 3 000

Potatoes 400 90 36,000 43,200 500 125 62*500

All Tame Hay 30,000 1.40 42,000 441,000 28,000 2.3 64*400

Wild Hay 9,600 1.00 9,600 91,200 21,700 1.10 23^900

Farm Gardens 26,000

Truck Crops 8,000

Other Crops 330

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 864,960 $1,059,312

Livestock Marketed .... 1,169,100 1,068 600

Total Value 2,084,060 2,127,912

MINERAL COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 1.000 14 14,000 15,820 1,000 20 20 000

All Wheat 1,000 14 14,000 15,820 1.000 20 20'000

Oats 2,000 27 68,000 30,740 2,000 52 104^000

—40—

Value

244,440

92,000

336.440

126.280

63,360

26,572

2,100

15,840

70,200

7,980

780

714,000

213,000

1,170

75,400

4,500

1,100

Value

1,363,820

138.000

1,501.820

261.360

40,920

26.623

404.600

211,680

25,360

332,640

90,750

89,300

1,700

950

Value

104,760

23,000

127,760

62,800

67,200

5,037

5,250

40,625

540,960

179,250

30,900

9,200

830

Value
19,400
19.400
45,760

Barley 800 35 28,000 17,920 1,000 42 42,000 25,200

Potatoes 200 90 18,000 21,600 200 160 32,000 20,800

All Tame Hay 2,000 1.40 2,800 29,400 2,000 1.8 3,600 30,240

Wild Hay 600 .9 500 4,750 1,300 1.1 1,400 10,500

Apples 4,600 5,520 3.900 6,070

Farm Gardens 20.000 24,700

Truck Crops 2.200 2,500

Miscl. Fruits 1,500 1,700

Other Crops 260 260

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 149,710 $ 186,130

Livestock Marketed .... 129,000 117,900

Total Value „.. 278,710 304,030

MISSOULA COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 11,000 15 165,000 186,450 12.000 20 240,000 232,800

Winter Wheat 3,000 17 51,000 54,570 3,000 23 69,000 63,480

All Wheat 14,000 15.4 216,000 241,020 15,000 20.6 309,010 296,280

Oats 6,000 42 252.000 133,560 5,000 46 230,000 101,200

Barley 1,700 35 59,500 38,080 2,100 37 77,700 46,620

Rye 2,000 20 40,000 30,000 2,500 23 57.500 41,975

Potatoes 600 85 51,000 61,200 700 140 98,000 63,700

Beans 100 22 2,200 6.600

Seed Peas 850 20.8 17,700 35,400 200 24 4,800 10,080

All Tame Hay 20,000 2.1 42,000 441,000 21,000 2.3 48,300 405,720

Wild Hay 1.800 .8 1.400 13.300 4,000 1.0 4,000 30.000

Apples 57,500 69,000 49,000 63,700

Farm Gardens 73.000 90,300

Truck Crops 27,300 31,400

Miscl. Fruits 1,500 1,700

Other Crops 960 960

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,155,320 $1,292,235

Livestock Marketed .... 775,800 709.100

Total Value 1,941.120 1,899,335

POWELL COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre ProdHC- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 3,000 15 45,000 50,850 3,000 16 48,000 46,560

Winter Wheat 2,000 19 38,000 40,660 2,000 24 48,000 44,160

All Wheat 5,000 16.6 83,000 91,510 5,000 19.2 96,000 90,720

Oats 5,000 33 165,000 87,450 5,000 40 200,000 88,000

Barley 1,700 30 51,000 32,640 2,100 27 56,700 34,020

Rye 300 24 7,200 5,400 300 25 7,500 5,475

Potatoes 800 85 68,000 81,600 900 130 117,000 76.050

Beans 150 20 3,000 9,000

Seed Peas 150 20.7 3,100 6,200 100 20 2.000 4,200

All Tame Hay 41,000 1.3 53,300 559,650 39,000 2.99 81,400 683,720

Wild Hay 14,600 .95 13,900 132,050 32,500 1.50 48,700 365,250

Farm Gardens 38,000 47,000

Truck Crops 3,700 4.300

Miscl. Fruits 1,500 1,700

Other Crops 500 500

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,040,200 $1,409,975

Livestock Marketed .... 1,058,300 967,300

Total Value 2,098.509 2,377.275

MUSSELSHELL COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 44,000 5 220,000 248,600 46,000 19 874,000 847,780

Winter Wheat 16,000 7 112,000 119,840 20,000 21 420,000 386,400

All Wheat 60,000 5.5 332,000 368,440 66,000 19.6 1,294,000 1,234,180

Oats 9,000 13 117,000 62,010 8,000 35 280,000 123,200

Barley 1,700 20 34,000 21,760 2,200 24 52,800 31,680

Rye 2,000 10 20.000 15,000 2,500 22 55,000 40,150

Flaxseed 200 4 800 1,480 300 10 3,000 5,250

Corn 11,000 9 99,000 91,080 10,000 20 200,000 144,000

Potatoes 500 50 25,000 30.000 600 130 78,000 50.700

Beans 300 6 1,800 5,040 550 12 6,600 19.800

All Tame Hay 17,000 1.10 18.700 196,350 16,000 1.9 30,400 255,360

Wild Hay 1,200 .50 600 5,700 2,700 .75 2,000 15,000

Farm Gardens 55,000 68,000

Truck Crops 1,000 1,200

Other Crops 720 720

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 853,580 $1,989,240

Livestock Marketed .... 1,352,800 1,236,500

Total Value 2.206,380 3.225,740

PARK COUNTY

CROP

Spring Wheat

Winter Wheat

Acreage

20.000

2,000

22,000

7,000

5.000

300

700

1.500

47.000

1,800

CROP TABLE

1926

Acre Produc-

Yield tion Value

25 500,000 565,000

15 30.000 32,100

24.1 530,000 597,100

40 280,000 148,400

33 165.000 105,600

15 4,500 3,375

125 87,500 105,000

20.8 31,200 62,400

2.10 98,700 1,036,350

1.00 1,800 17,100

2,450 2,940

69,400

2,800

1.000

910

Acreage

21,000

2,000

23,000

7,000

6,500

300

800

725

45,000

4.000

1927

Acre Produc-

Yield tion

26 546,000

25 50,000

25.9 596,000

60 420,000

34 221,000

20 6,000

150 120,000

19 13.800

2.8 103,500

1.20 4.800

2.100

Value

529,620

46,000

575.620

184.800

132.600

4,380

78.000

28,980

869 400

All Wheat

Oats

Barley

Rye

Potatoes

Seed Peas

All Tame Hay

Wild Hay

Apples

36,000
2,730

Farm Gardens ^

Truck Crops

Miscl. Fruits

Other Crops

85,800

8.200

1,100

910

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927
Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,152,375 $2,003,520

Livestock Marketed .... 1,545,400 1,412,500

Total Value 3,697,775 3,416,020

PETROLEUM COUNTY

CROP

Spring Wheat

All Wheat

Potatoes

Farm Gardens
Other Crops ...

INTY

CROP '

FABLE

1926

1927

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Produc-

Teage

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

9,000

5

45,000

50,850

11,000

17

187,000

181.390

9,000

5

45.000

50,850

11.000

17

187.000

181,390

100

60

6,000

7,200

38,000

500

100

100

10,000

6,500

47,000

500

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 96,550 $ 235,390

Livestock Marketed .... 672,100 614.300

Total Value 768,650 849,690

PHILLIPS COI

UNTY

CROP

TABLE

1926

1927

Acre

Produc-

Acre

Produc-

CROP

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Acreage

Yield

tion

Value

Spring Wheat

.... 75.000

12

900.000

1,017,000

80,000

22

1,760,000

1,707.200

Winter Wheat

1,000

13

13,000

13,910

1,000

16

16,000

14.720

All Wheat

.... 76,000

12

913,000

1,030,910

81,000

21.9

1.776,000

1.721.920

Oats

... 22,000

28

616,000

326,480

24,000

40

960,000

422.400

Barley

2,500

20

50,000

32,000

50,000

31

155,000

•93,000

Rye

5,000

10

50.000

37.500

7,000

20

140,000

102,200

Flaxseed

2,900

5.3

15,500

28,675

4,600

10

46,000

80,500

Com

.... 22,000

12

264,000

242,880

10,000

23

230.000

165,600

Potatoes

400

90

36,000

43,200

600

150

90,000

58,500

Beans

300

5

1,500

4,200

300

10

3,000

9.000

Sugar Beets

700

9

6,300

50,965

550

9.25

5,075

43,138

Alfalfa Seed

1,100

2.42

2,660

35,100

250

1.7

425

5,525

Clover Seed

50

3.3

165

2,475

All Tame Hay ..

16,000

1.00

16,000

168,000

16,000

2.5

40,000

336.000

Wild Hay

.... 15.100

.50

7,600

72,200

35,400

1.0

36,400

265,500

Farm Gardens

91,900

113.600

Truck Crops

3,200

8,700

Other Crops

1,220

1.220

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,168,430 $3,424,278

Livestock Marketed .... 1,853,400 1,694,100

Total Value 4,021.830 5.118,378

PONDERA COUNTY

CROP Acreage

Spring Wheat 115.000

Winter Wheat 1,000

All Wheat 116.000

Oats 11.000

Barley 5,400

1926
Acre Produc-

CROP TABLE

Yield

19

16

19

30

29

tion

2,185.000

16,000

2.201,000

830,000

156,600

Value

2,469.050

17.120

2,486,140

174.900

100,224

Acreage

121,000

1,000

122,000

9,000

7.000

19
Acre
Yield
24
25
24
46
39

27

Produc-
tion
2,904,000
25,000
2.929,000
414.000
273,000

Value

2.816,880
23,000

2,839,880
182,160
163,800

Rye 300 17 5,100 3,825 300 25 7,600 6,476

Flaxseed 1,000 4.3 4,300 7,955 1,400 10.5 14,700 25,725

Corn 3,000 11 33,000 30,360 3,000 21 63,000 45,360

Potatoes 800 105 84,000 100,800 800 140 112,000 72,800

Sugar Beets 50 7.0 350 2,975

All Tame Hay 17,000 1.70 28,900 303,450 15,000 1.6 24,000 201,600

Wild Hay 4,200 .50 2,100 19,950 9,400 1.00 9,400 70,500

Farm Gardens 74,500 92,100

Truck Crops 18,000 20,700

Other Crops 980 980

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $3,321,114 $3,724,055

Livestock Marketed .... 879,100 803,500

Total Value 4,200,214 4.527,555

POWDER RIVER COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produe- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acres^e Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 9,000 10 90,000 101,700 9,000 18 162,000 157,140

Winter Wheat 1,000 13 13,000 13,910 1,000 20 20,000 18,400

All Wheat 10,000 10.3 103,000 115,610 10,000 18.2 182,000 175,540

Oats 7,000 25 175,000 92,750 7,000 40 280,000 123,200

Barley 1,700 11 18,700 11,968 2,200 35 77,000 46,200

Rye 500 10 5,000 3,750 600 20 12,000 8,760

Flaxseed 1,000 3 3,000 5,550 1,400 10.2 14,300 25,025

Com 8,000 12 96,000 88,320 7,000 26 182,000 131,040

Potatoes 500 81 40,500 48,600 600 125 75,000 48,750

Beans 900 9 8,100 22,680 1,300 12 15,600 46.800

Alfalfa Seed 6,400 2.9 18,900 255,150 3,150 1.5 4,725 61,425

All Tame Hay 31,000 1.5 46,500 488,250 30,000 1.5 45,000 378,000

Wild Hay ...: 7,300 .95 7.000 66,500 16,300 1.1 17,900 134,250

Farm Gardens 54,200 67,000

Truck Crops 1,500 1,700

Other Crops 710 710

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,255,538 $1,248,400

Livestock Marketed .... 1,442,200 1,318,200

Total Value 2,697,738 2,566,600

PRAIRIE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produe- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 61,000 3.5 214.000 241,820 64,000 13 832,000 807,040

Winter Wheat 4,000 5 20,000 21,400 4,000 14 56,000 51,520

All Wheat 65,000 3.6 234,000 263,220 68,000 13.1 888,000 858,560

Oats 11,000 13 143,000 75,790 10,000 32 320,000 140,800

Barley 800 6 4,800 3,072 1,000 30 30,000 18,000

Rye 400 6 2,400 1,800 500 16 8,000 5,840

Flaxseed 6,700 3.0 19,600 36,630 9,600 10.3 98,700 172,725

Corn 13,000 10 130,000 119,600 11,000 23 253,000 182,160

Potatoes 300 42 13,600 16,320 300 130 39,000 25,350

Beans 1,800 6 10,800 30.240 2,700 13 35,100 105,300

Alfalfa Seed 1,250 1.5 1,800 24,300 600 1.75 1,050 13,650

All Tame Hay 5,000 .70 3,500 36,750 5,000 2.1 10,500 88,200

Wild Hay 3,000 .35 1,100 10,450 6,700 1.10 7,400 55,500

Farm Gardens 39,400 48,700

Truck Crops 5,500 6,300

Other Crops 520 520

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 663,592 $1,721,605

Livestock Marketed .... 1,311,900 1,119,100

Total Value 1,975,492 2,920,705

RAVALLI COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produe- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 10,000 17 170,000 192,100 11,000 27 297,000 288,090

Winter Wheat 1,000 28 28,000 29,960 2,000 25 50,000 46,000

All Wheat 11,000 18 198,000 222,060 13,000 26.7 347,000 334,090

Oats 6,000 36 216,000 114,480 6,060 58 348,000 153,120

Barley 3,400 32 108,800 69,632 4,400 41 180,400 108,240

Rye 200 22 4,400 3,300 200 24 4,800 3,504

Com 1,000 14 14,000 12,880 1,000 25 25,000 18,000

Potatoes 1,700 101 171,000 205,200 1,800 155 279,000 181,350

Seed Peas 1,200 24.75 29,700 59,400 875 21 18,400 38,640

Canning Peas 38,000 cases @ $2.60 98,800 27,000 cases @ $2.50 67,500

All Tame Hay 40,000 2.1 84,000 882,000 40,000 2.5 100,000 840,000

Wild Hay 1,200 1.0 1,200 11,400 2,700 1.25 3,400 25,500

—43-

Apples 191,600 229,920 163,300 212,290

Farm Gardens 81,000 100,900

Truck Crops 60,400 69,000

Miscl. Fruits 34,000 37,400

Other Crops 1,070 1,070

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,085,542 $2,190,604

Livestock Marketed .... 1,403,300 1,282,600

Total Value 3,488,842 8,478,204

RICHLAND COUNTY crop tablb

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 115,000 6 690,000 779.700 121,000 21 2,541,000 2,464,770

Winter Wheat 10,000 6 60,000 64,200 12,000 15 180,000 165.600

All Wheat 125,000 6 750.000 843,900 133,000 20.5 2,721,000 2,630,370

Oats 25,000 16 400,000 212.000 24,000 35 840.000 369,600

Barley 4,900 12 58,800 37,632 6,500 29 188,500 113,100

Rye 3,000 9 27,000 20,250 3,800 20 76,000 55.480

Flaxseed 9,600 3.1 30,200 55,870 13,700 10 137,000 239,750

Corn 22,000 11 242,000 222,640 20,000 27 540,000 388,800

Potatoes 700 50 35,000 42,000 800 .135 108,000 70,200

Beans 2,300 9 20.700 57.960 3.300 13 42.900 128.700

Seed Peas 300 21.7 6.500 13.000 150 21 3,100 6,510

Sugar Beets 4,350 9.6 41,560 336,220 2,760 10 27,500 233,750

Alfalfa Seed 950 2.3 2,100 28.350 475 1.75 830 10,790

All Tame Hay 30,000 .9 27.000 283,500 30,000 1.7 51,000 428,400

Wild Hay 4,900 .30 1.500 14.250 10.800 .8 8.600 64.500

Farm Gardens 91.900 113,600

Truck Crops 8,500 9,800

Other Crops 1,210 1.210

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,269,182 $4,864,560

Livestock Marketed .... 1,405,100 1,284,300

Total Value 3,674,282 6,148,860

ROOSEVELT COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 146,000 10 1,460,000 1,649,000 152,000 17 2,601,000 2,522,970

Winter Wheat 4.000 10 40.000 42.800 4.000 16 64.000 58.880

All Wheat 150.000 10 1.500.000 1.692,600 156.000 17 2.665.000 2.581,850

Oats 28,000 25 700,000 371,000 25,000 35 875,000 385,000

Barley 2,500 19 47,500 30.500 3,200 26 83,200 49.920

Rye 7.000 14 98.000 73.500 9.000 15 135.000 98,550

Flaxseed 10,600 3.4 37.900 70.115 15.200 9.5 144,400 252,700

Corn 18.000 12 216.000 198.720 16.080 21 336,000 241,920

Potatoes 500 90 45,000 54,000 600 120 720.000 46.800

Beans 250 8 2.000 5.600 350 18 6.300 18,900

Alfalfa Seed 200 3.0 600 8,100 100 2.0 200 2,600

All Tame Hay 12,000 1.20 14.400 151.200 12.000 1.9 22,800 191.520

Wild Hay 14,500 .70 10,200 96,900 32,500 1.17 38,000 285,000

Farm Gardens 85,400 105,600

Truck Crops 7,500 8,600

Other Crops 1,120 1,120

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,846,155 $4,270,080

Livestock Marketed .... 1,456.300 1.331. lOO

Total Value 4,302,455 5,601,180

ROSEBUD COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 43,000 5 215,000 242,950 45,000 19 855,000 829,350

Winter Wheat 12,000 9 108,000 115,560 15,000 15 225,000 207,000

All Wheat 55,000 5.9 323,000 358,510 60,000 18 1,080,000 1,036,350

Oats 12,000 13 156,000 82,680 11,000 39 429,000 188,760

Barley 1,700 8.2 13,900 8,896 2,200 29 63,800 38,280

Rye 8,000 8 24,000 18,000 3,800 21 79,800 58.254

Flaxseed 1,000 3.4 3,400 6.290 1,400 10 14,000 24,500

Com 19,000 10 190,000 174,800 18,000 27 486,000 349,920

Potatoes 600 50 30,000 36,000 700 138 96,600 62,790

Beans 4,400 8 35,200 98,560 5,750 15.7 90,000 270,000

Sugar Beets 300 11.1 3,330 26,940 800 12 9,600 81,600

Alfalfa Seed 1,100 2.8 3,100 41.850 550 2.25 1,225 15,925

All Tame Hay 25,000 1.1 27.500 288.750 25,000 2.2 55,000 462,000

Wild Hay 9,000 .7 6,300 59,850 20,300 1.15 23,300 174,750

Farm Gardens 47.500 58,700

Truck Crops 17,500 20,200

Other Crops 620 620

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,266,746 $2,842,649

Livestock Marketed .... 1,913,400 1,748,900

Total Value 3,180,146 4,591,549

SANDERS COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 3,000 17 51,000 57,630 3,000 24 72,000 69,840

Winter Wheat 1,000 20 20,000 21,400 1,000 23 23,000 21,160

All Wheat 4,000 17.8 71,000 79,030 4,000 23.7 95,000 91,000

Oats 2,000 27 54,000 28,620 2,000 46 92,000 40,480

Barley 1,700 29 84,100 53,824 2,200 37 81,400 48,840

Rye 300 8 2,400 1,800 300 17 5,100 3,722

Corn 1,000 10 10,000 9,200 1,000 25 25,000 18,000

Potatoes 500 85 42,500 51,000 600 130 78,000 50,700

Alfalfa Seed 500 3.0 1,500 20,500 200 2.8 560 7,280

All Tame Hay 16,000 1.70 27,200 285,600 15,000 2.2 33,000 277,200

Wild Hay 600 80 500 4,750 1,300 1.15 1,500 11,250

Apples 9,100 10,920 7,800 10,140

Farm Gardens 76,000 94,000

Truck Crops 4,300 5,000

Miscl. Fruits 1,000 1,100

Other Crops 1.000 1.000

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 627,294 $ 659,712

Livestock Marketed .... 1,092,400 998,500

Total Value 1,719,694 1,658,212

SHERIDAN COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 222,000 13 2,886,000 3,261,180 231,000 19 4,389,000 4.257,330

Winter Wheat 1.000 12 12,000 12.840 2.000 15 30.000 27.600

All Wheat 223,000 13 2,898,000 3,274,020 233,000 19 4,419,000 4,284,930

Oats 41,000 27 1,107,000 586,710 38,000 37 1,406,000 618,640

Barley 4.200 25 105,000 67,200 5,500 23 126,500 75,900

Rye 7,000 14 98,000 73,500 8,700 16 139,200 101,616

Flaxseed 25,200 5.8 147,000 271,950 36,000 10.5 378,000 661,500

Corn 14,000 11 154,000 141,680 12,000 24 288,000 207,360

Potatoes 500 95 47,500 57,000 800 110 88.000 57.200

Beans 250 8 2,000 5,600 300 18 5,400 16,200

Alfalfa Seed 150 2.0 300 4,050 75 2.0 150 1,950

All Tame Hay 16,000 1.10 17,600 184,800 15,000 1.6 24,000 201,600

Wild Hay 8,500 .6 5,100 48,450 22,500 .75 16,600 124,500

Farm Gardens 98,500 121,800

Truck Crops 1,500 1,700

Other Crops 1,300 1,300

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,816,260 $6,476,196

Livestock Marketed .... 852,300 779,200

Total Value 5,668.560 7,255,396

SILVER BOW COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Oats 2,000 35 70,000 37,100 2,000 50 100,000 44,000

Rye 1,000 15 15,000 11,250 1,300 27 35,100 25,623

Potatoes 300 90 27.000 32,400 300 90 27,000 17,550

All Tame Hay 5,000 2.0 10,000 105,000 5,000 1.9 9,500 79,800

Wild Hay 3,000 .8 2.400 22,800 6,700 1.1 7,400 55,500

Farm Gardens :. 12,000 14,800

Truck Crops 7,400 8,500

Other Crops 160 160

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 228,110 $ 245,933

Livestock Marketed .... 554,300 506,600

Total Value 782,410 752,533

STILLWATER COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat „ 77,000 15 1,155.000 1,305,150 75,000 21 1,575,000 1,527,750

Winter Wheat 31,000 14 434,000 464,380 35,000 23 805,000 740.600

All Wheat 108,000 14.7 1,589,000 1,769.530 110,000 21.6 2,380,000 2,268,350

Oats 12,000 24 288,000 152,640 13,000 38 494,000 217,860

Barley 5,000 25 125,000 80,000 6,500 38 247,000 148,200

Rye 1,000 11 11,000 8,250 1,200 20 24,000 17,520

Flaxseed 800 4.3 1,300 2,405 400 11 4,400 7,700

Corn 6,000 15 90,000 82.800 7,000 20 140,000 100.800

Potatoes 600 90 54.000 64,800 700 135 94.500 61.425

Beans 2,000 12 24,000 67,200 400 25 10.000 30,000

Seed Peas 300 21.7 6,500 13,000 100 30 3,000 6,300

Sugar Beets 1,100 11 12,100 97,890 1,400 13 18,200 154,700

Alfalfa Seed 50 2.4 120 1,620 150 5.0 750 9,750

Clover Seed 800 6.0 4,800 72,000

All Tame Hay 31,000 1.6 49,600 520,800 33,000 1.8 59,400 498,960

Wild Hay 1,800 .95 1.700 16,150 4,000 1.3 5.200 39.000

Apples 1,800 2.160 1,550 2.015

Farm Gardens 98.000 121,200

Truck Crops 5,800 6,700

Misc. Fruits 500 600

Other Crops 1,290 1,290

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $2,984,835 $3,763,870

Livestock Marketed .... 1,432,400 1,309,300

Total Value 4,417,235 5,073,170

SWEETGRASS COUNTY ^rop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 28,000 17 476.000 537,880 30,000 21 630.000 611,100

Winter Wheat 4,000 15.25 61,0S0 65.270 4,000 22 88,000 80,960

All Wheat 32,000 16.8 537,000 603,150 34,000 21.1 718,000 692,060

Oats 8,000 45 360,000 190,800 8,000 43 344,000 151.360

Barley 800 33 26,400 16,896 1,000 38 38,000 22,800

Rye 1.000 15 15,000 11,250 1,300 16 20,«00 15,184

Corn 1,000 15 15.000 13.800 1,000 22 22.000 15,840

Potatoes 300 120 36,000 43.200 300 155 46.500 30,225

All Tame Hay 38,000 2.0 76,000 798,000 37,000 2.3 85,100 714,840

Wild Hay 3,000 .9 2,700 25,650 6,800 1.1 7,500 56,250

Apples 1,700 2,040 1,450 1.885

Farm Gardens 67,400 83.300

Truck Crops 300 300

Other Crops 890 890

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $1,773,376 $1,784,934

Livestock Marketed .... 1,737,000 1,587,600

Total Value 3,510,376 3,372,534

TETON COUNTY ^rop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 132,000 22 2,904,000 3,281,520 139,000 26 3,614,000 3,505.580

Winter Wheat 3,000 20 60,000 64,200 3,000 22 66,000 60,720

All Wheat 136,000 22 2,964,000 3,345,720 142,000 25.9 3,680,000 3.566,300

Oats 12.000 42 504.000 267,120 10,000 45 450,000 198,000

Barley 3,400 31 105,400 67,456 4,200 36 151.200 90,720

Rye 2,000 16 32,000 24,000 2,500 20 50,000 36,500

Flaxseed 200 4.5 900 1,665 300 9.5 2,800 4,900

Corn 2,000 18 26,000 23,920 2,000 25 50,000 36,000

Potatoes 500 90 45,000 54,000 500 130 65,000 42,250

Alfalfa Seed 50 2.6 140 1,890 25 3.0 75 975

All Tame Hay 17.000 2.0 34.000 357.000 16,000 1.6 22,400 188.160

Wild Hay 16,500 1.00 16,500 156,750 36,500 1.25 45,600 342,000

Farm Gardens 100,200 123,900

Truck Crops 1,400 1.600

Other Crops 1,320 1,320

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,402,441 $4,632,625

Livestock Marketed .... 1,006,700 920,200

Total Value 5,409,141 5,552,825

TOOLE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion

Spring Wheat 54,000 8 431.000 487,030 57,000 20 1,140,000

All Wheat 54,000 8 431,000 487,030 57,000 20 1,140,000

Oats 6,000 19 114,000 60,420 6,000 40 240,000

Barley 1,700 15 25,500 16,320 2,200 35 77,000

Rye 1,000 8 8,000 6,000 1,300 20 26,000

Flaxseed 200 5.0 1.000 1,850 300 9.0 2,700

Com 2,000 9.0 18,000 16.560 2,000 22 44,000

Potatoes 300 75 22,500 27,000 300 135 40,500

All Tame Hay 5,000 15.0 7.500 78.750 5.000 1.8 9,000

Wild Hay 2,400 .60 1,400 13,300 5,400 1.15 6,200

Farm Gardens 62,400

Truck Crops 600

Other Crops 820

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 771,050 $1,540,030

Livestock Marketed .... 920,600 841,500

Total Value 1,691,650 2,381.530

Value

1,105,800

1,105,800

105,600

46,200

18.900

4.726

81,680

26.325

75,600

46,500

77,100

700

820

TREASURE COUNTY crop table

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion V-alue

Spring Wheat 15,000 9 117,000 132,210 14.000 22 308,000 298,760

Winter Wheat 7.000 9 63,000 67.410 9.000 20 180,000 165,600

All Wheat 20.000 9 180.000 199.620 23.000 21.2 488.000 464,360

Oats 4.000 25 100,000 53,000 4,000 50 200.000 88.000

Barley 1.700 17 28.900 18,496 2.200 28 61.600 36.960

Rye 1.000 8 8,000 6.000 1.300 20 26.000 18.980

Flaxseed 300 3.3 1,000 1,850 400 10.5 4.200 7,350

Corn 4,000 10 40,000 36,800 3,000 21 81,000 58,320

Potatoes 300 90 27,000 32,400 300 140 42,000 27,300

Beans 500 9 4.500 12,600 700 13 9,100 27,300

Sugar Beets 1,850 12 22.200 179,595 1.500 12 18,000 153,000

Alfalfa Seed 1,100 2.9 3.200 43.200 550 2.25 1,225 15.925

All Tame Hay 12,000 1.5 18,000 189,000 12,000 2.3 27,600 231,840

Wild Hay 600 .6 400 3,800 1.300 1.75 2.300 17.250

Farm Gardens 19,700 24.300

Truck Crops 800 900

Other Crops 260 260

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 797,121 $1,172,043

Livestock Marketed .... 579.300 529,500

Total Value 1,376,421 1,701,545

VALLEY COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 147,000 13 1,911,000 2,159,430 162.000 20 3.240.000 3.142.800

Winter Wheat 2.000 13 26.000 27,820 4.00O 18 72.000 66.240

All Wheat 149.000 13 1.937.000 2,187,250 166.000 20 3,312.000 3.209.040

Oats 38.000 27 1.026,000 543,780 29,000 35 1.015.000 446.600

Barley 4.800 23 110.400 70,656 6,000 25 150,000 90,000

Rye 2,000 12.5 25,000 18,750 2,500 15 37,500 27,376

Flaxseed 11,600 6.0 69.200 128,020 18.800 10 188,000 329,000

Corn 15,000 9.0 135,000 124,200 12.000 25 300.000 216.000

Potatoes 600 90 54.000 64,800 700 100 70.000 45.500

Beans 400 6 2.400 6,720 350 20 7,000 21,000

Sugar Beets 450 8.5 3.825 30.950 75 6 450 3.825

Alfalfa Seed 2.200 2.4 5,300 71,550 300 1.0 300 3.900

Clover Seed 50 7.0 350 5.250

All Tame Hay 21.000 1.2 25,200 264,600 23.000 2.3 52.900 444.360

Wild Hay 11.500 .75 8.600 81,700 15.100 1.20 17,500 131.250

Farm Gardens 124.900 154,500

Truck Crops 6.800 7,800

Other Crops 1,640 1,640

VALUE OF CHOPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $3,726,316 $5,137,041

Livestock Marketed .... 2,140,500 1.956,500

Total Value 5,866,816 7,093,541

-47-

WHEATLAND COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 38,000 11 418,000 472,340 40,000 13 520.000 504,400

Winter Wheat 2,000 15 30,000 32,100 2,000 15 30,000 27,600

All Wheat 40,000 11.2 448,000 504,440 42,000 13.1 550,000 532,000

Oats 7,000 28 196,000 103,880 7,000 38 266,000 117,040

Barley 800 28 22,400 14,336 1,000 30 30,000 18,000

Rye 600 9 5,400 4,050 800 20 16,000 11,680

Flaxseed 100 4 400 740 100 10 1,000 1,750

Corn 2,000 10 20,000 18,400 2,000 21 42,000 130,240

Potatoes 300 60 18,000 21,600 300 100 30,000 19,600

Seed Peas 200 22 4,400 8,800 150 20 3,000 6,300

All Tame Hay 20,000 1.25 25,000 262,500 18,000 1.7 30,400 255,360

Wild Hay 3,000 .54 1,600 15,200 6,700 1.30 8,700 65,260

Farm Gardens 42.800 52,900

Other Crops 560 660

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 997.306 $1,110,580

Livestock Marketed .... 1,451,100 1,326,300

Total Value 2,448,406 2,436,880

WIBAUX CX)UNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Produc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 58,000 3.5 203,000 229,390 61,000 12 732,000 710,040

Winter Wheat 6,000 6 36,000 38,520 7,000 12 84,000 77,280

All Wheat 64,000 3.7 239,000 267,910 68,000 12.0 816,000 787,320

Oats 14,000 12 168,000 89,040 12,000 40 480,000 211,200

Barley 4,200 9 37,800 24,190 5,600 32 179,200 107,520

Rye 500 6 3,000 2,250 600 16 9,600 7,008

Flaxseed 7,700 2.7 20,800 38,480 11,000 9.5 104,500 182,876

Corn 6,000 10 60,000 55.200 5.000 19 95.000 68,400

Potatoes 400 40 16,000 19,200 500 145 72,500 47,125

All Tame Hay 10,000 .80 8,000 84,000 10,000 2.3 23,000 193,200

Wild Hay 600 .35 2,100 19,950 1,300 100 1,300 9,750

Farm Gardens 32,900 40,600

Truck Crops 600 700

Other Crops 430 430

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $ 634.152 $1,656,128

Livestock Marketed .... 690,100 630,700

Total Value 1,324.252 2,286,828

YELLOWSTONE COUNTY

CROP TABLE

1926 1927

Acre Prcduc- Acre Produc-

CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value

Spring Wheat 63,000 12 756,000 854,280 66.000 22 1,452.000 1,408,440

Winter Wheat 39,000 9 351,000 375,570 48,000 25 1,200,000 1,104.000

All Wheat 102,000 10.9 1,107.000 1,229,850 114,000 23.3 2,652,000 2,512,440

Oats 17,000 27 459,000 243,270 16,000 45 800,000 352,000

Barley 4,500 20 90,000 57.600 5,500 36 198,000 118.800

Rye 2,000 9 18,000 13,500 2,500 18 45,000 32,850

Flaxseed 1,000 4.3 4.300 7,955 1,400 8 11.200 19.600

Corn 23.000 11 253,000 232.760 20.000 24 480.000 345,600

Potatoes 1,100 116 127,600 153,120 1,400 147 205,800 133,770

Beans 17,000 11 187,000 523,600 21,950 17.9 393,150 1,179,450

Seed Peas 200 20 4,00» 8,400

Sugar Beets 14,550 11.2 162,960 1,318.345 14,000 12.1 169,400 1,439,900

Alfalfa Seed 200 3.5 700 9,450 500 3.0 1,500 19,500

Clover Seed 900 7.7 6.920 103,800

All Tame Hay 40,000 1.95 78,000 819,000 40,000 2.4 96.000 806,400

Wild Hay 1,200 1.00 1,200 11,400 4,000 1.10 4,400 33,000

Apples 3,600 4,320 3,100 4,030

Farm Gardens 167,400 207,500

Truck Crops 41,000 47,200

Miscl. Fruits 500 700

Other Crops 2,220 2,220

VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1926 AND 1927 AND VALUE OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1926 AND 1927

Value 1926 Value 1927

Crops $4,836,290 $7,367,160

Livestock Marketed .... 3,318,000 3.084,000

Total Value 8,153,290 10,401,160

LIVESTOCK SECTION

In spite of higher prices for most
classes of livestock in 1927, Montana
livestock men received a smaller total in-
come from their products last year than
for 1926. The total livestock income for
1927 is estimated at $67,049,000 as com-
pared with an estimated income of $74,-
451,000 in 1926. All items of livestock
incoir.e showed decreased values with the
exception of small increases in the cash
value of milk and dairy products and
horses.

Cattle and horse numbers on Mon-
tana farms on January 1, 1928, continued
to decline, while numbers of sheep and
hogs were increased over the previous

year. Numbers of mules were estimated to be the same as at the beginning of

1927.

TOTAL LIVESTOCK INCOME

Year Total Value

1924 $50,131,000

1925 65,855,009

1926 73^351,000

1927 67,049,000

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Montana Meat Packing Plant.

COUNTY LIVESTOCK INCOME

In the belief that estimates by counties of value of farm sales of livestock
and its products would be interesting and valuable to Montana agriculturists the
following tables have been prepared for this publication. These estimates have
not been published in detail before, only the totals for all cl?.sses of livestock and
livestock products being shown. However, tentative county estimates by items
have been made each year since 1923 and compared annually with such check data
in form of marketing records, shipments, etc., as became available after the
estimates were made.

This comparison has shown that such relative inaccuracies as have occurred
have not been serious enough to destroy the value of the county item estimates
for general comparative purposes especially as a relative measure of change from
year to year.

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-52—

CLASSIFICATION OF MONTANA LIVESTOCK JANUARY 1, 1870-1928

„„.„ Milk Other All

YEAR Cows Cattle Cattle Horses Sheep Swme Mules

1870 12,400t 24,000t 36,400 5,300t 2,000t 2,600t oOOt

1880 ll,500t 162,000t 173,500 36,00Ot l85,0O0t 10,500t 900t

1883 14,000 590,000 604,000 89,900 405,000 17,000 900

1884 14,200 672,000 686,800 45,900 466,000 17,500 1,000

1885 23,000 615,000 638,000 105,000 625,000 19,000 2,800

1886 25,300 725,700 751,000 120,700 719,000 19,000 8,900

1887 29,000 812,800 841,800 129,000 755,000 20,000 9,200

1888 31,000 934,500 965,500 187,000 1,265,000 22,000 5,500

1889 31,400 962,600 993,900 200,000 1,391,000 23,000 5,300

1890 33,000 981,800 1,014,800 216,000 1,990,000 29,000 2,400

1891 34,000 932,700 966,700 152,000 2,089,000 35,000 1,800

1892 35,700 1,026,000 1,061,700 197,000 2,089,000 35,000 1,200

1893 36,400 1,036,000 1,072,400 207,000 2,528,000 39,000 1,200

1894 36,400 1,057,000 1,093,000 197,000 2,781,000 39,000 900

1895 39.000 1,078,000 1,117,000 198,000 2,809,000 46,000 900

1896 42,000 1,154,000 1,196,000 183,000 3,061,000 52,000 900

1897 43,000 1,177,000 1,220,000 175.000 3,123,000 51,000 900

1898 42,700 1,082,000 1,510,000 171,800 3,248,000 47,000 900

1899 44,000 953,000 997,000 165,000 3,378,000 42,300 1 000

1900 48,500t 926,500t 975,000t 347,000t 6,170,000t 50,000t 2,800t

1901 49,400 960,200 1,009,600 302,000 6,417,000 47,000 3,400

1902 50,000 998,000 1,048,000 275,000 5,081,000 49,000 3 400

1903 52,400 1,048,000 1,101,000 246,600 5,120,000 51,700 3,400

1904 53,900 1,059,000 1,112,900 244,000 5,270,000 54,800 3,400

1905 55,000 1,048,000 1,103,000 236,800 5,639,000 57,600 3,400

1906 61,600 965,000 1,026,000 239,000 5,752,000 59,900 3,600

1907 66,000 916,300 982,300 292,000 5,637,000 62,900 4,000

1908 69,000 879,000 948,000 292,000 5,524,000 66,000 4,000

1909 75,000 905,000 980,000 304,000 5,634,000 68,000 5,000

1910 80,000 842,000 922.000 319,000 5,747,000 75,000 5.000

1911 80.000* 818.000* 898,000 344,000 5,230,000* 124,000 4 500*

1912 91,000 732.000 823.009 350.000* 4,926,000* 145,000* 5,000*

1913 95,000 950,000* 845,000 385,000* 4,675,000* 168,000* 5 500*

1914 104,000 826.000* 930.000 440,000* 3.850,000* 187,000* 6 000*

1915 114,000 836,000* 950,000 485,000* 3,340.000* 245,000* 6 500*

1916 125,000* 1,035,000* 1,170,000 520,000* 3,020.000* 270,000* 7 000*

1917 140,000* 1,114,000* 1,254,000 580,000* 2,670,000* 260,000* 7.500*

1918 150,000* 1.310,000* 1,460,000 640,000* 2,380,000* 202,000* 8,500*

1919 163.000* 1,447,000* 1,610,000 720,000* 2,530,000* 180,000* 9,000*

1920 178,000 1.192.000 1,370,000 669,000 2,450,000 167,000 9 000

1921 181.000 1,088,000 1.269.000 669,000 2,328,000 160,000 9,000

1922 185,000 1.195.000 1.380,000 650,000 2,561,000 180,000 10,000

1923 192,000 1,168,000 1,360,000 643,000 2,408,000 225,000 10,000

1924 209,000 1,151,000 1,360.000 611,000 2,480,000 292,000 11,000

1925 223,000 1,117,000 1,340.000 596,000 2,579,000 280,000 11,000

1926 225,000 1,055,000 1,280,000 576,000 2,880,000 250,000 11,000

1927 216,000 936,000 1,152.000 547,000 3,053,000 240,000 11,000

1928 209,000 908,000 1.117,000 536,000 3,206,000 264,000 11,000

NOTE: Many earlier estimates were made to exact figures. In the above table figures have been

rounded to even thousands or even hundreds.
t Based upon Census Data.

* Tentative Revisions. All other figures are United States Department of Agriculture Estimates.

TREND OF ALL CATTLE

NUMBERS ON UANUAR.^^ 1

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-/, 300, OOO

-1 ^^■/O /O/VO.

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-/, lOO OOO-

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CATTLE

All classes of cattle except beef cows,
steers, and bulls showed a decrease in
numbers from the previous year on Jan-
uary 1, 1928, and all classes showed a
decrease from the numbers reported on
January 1, 1926. Numbers of all cattle
are now reported at the lowest mark
since 1915.

High prices were received for good beef
in 1927, encouraging sales of many cattle
that ordinarily would have been kept for
breeding stock. On the other hand, high
prices for breeding stock has exerted a
discouraging effect on the building up of
herds.

—53—

CLASSIFICATION OF MONTANA CATTLE

Jan. 1, Jan. 1,

CLASS 1925 1926

Cows & Heifers 2-yrs. and over, for milk 187,000 190,000

Heifers, 1-2 yrs. for milk 86,000 35,000

Heifer Calves For Milk 37,000 37,000

Cows & Heifers, 2 yrs. and over, not for milk... 420,000 410,000

Heifers, 1-2 yrs. old not for milk 120,000 110,000

All steers - 195,000 141,000

AH bulls 22,000 23,000

All calves except heifers 323,000 334,000

TOTAL CATTLE 1,840,000 1,280,000

Jan. 1,

Jan. 1,

1927

1928

181.000

175,000

35.000

34,000

38.000

30.000

340,000

357.000

90,000

80,000

110,000

130,000

20,000

22,000

838,000

289,000

1,152,000

1,117.000

BEEF CATTLE IN MONTANA

Since 1870 the trend of beef production in Montana is indicated by the trends
in numbers of cattle, other than milk cows, as estimated by the U. S. Division of
Crop and Livestock Estimates as of January 1st each year since the year 1870.
This data is summarized as follows:

Number on Farms

YEAR (Head)

1870 24,000

1880 162.000

1883-1889 Seven Year Average 773,000

1890-1899 Ten Year Average 1,048,000

1900-1909 Ten Year Average 970,000

1910-1919 Ten Year Average 971.000

1920-1924 Five Year Average 1.148.000

1926 1,117.000

1926 1,055.000

1927 „ 936,000

1928 908,000

ANALYSIS OF CATTLE EXPORTS

1920-1926

771END OF CATTLE EXPORTS

soo,ooo
-^oo, ooo

-300,000
-200,000
-fOO.OOO

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1

A study of the records of the state of-
fice of Brand Inspection shows that there
were more cows than steers shipped out
of the state in 1926, probably for the first
time. The reason was the forced sales
of 1926 of many cows that ordinarily
would have been kept for breeding stock,
due to feed shortage in many parts of the
state. An increase is noted in percentage
of sales of calves, resulting from the
same cause.

CLASSIFICATION CATTLE EXPORTS

Steers

Cows

Calves

Bulls Total Classes Total Expo

YEAR

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%) (Head)

(Head)

1920

54.5

40.7

3.1

1.7 190,614

211,000

1921

78.5

16.9

3.4

1.2 111,739

147.000

1922

65.2

29.8

4.0

1.5 217,821

246,000

1928

55.0

37.2

6.0

2.0 258,040

343.000

1924

58.0

35.0

5.0

2.0 266,678

321,000

1925

51.4

41.1

5.7

1.7 835,408

407,000

1926

44.7

45.4

8.6

1.8 402,608

504,000

1927

62.2

41.9

4.5

1.4 254,755

330,000

CATTLE MARKETINGS LOWER IN 1927
During the calendar year of 1927, the state Brand Inspection Records show
that 330,262 head of cattle including all classes were shipped from the state, a
decrease of about 35 per cent from marketings in 1926. These export shipments,
however, were greater than any year preceding 1924 back to 1919.

Had not the state inventories of cattle been depleted to such a great extent
in the winter of 1926-27, the higher beef prices during the 1927 season undoubt-
edly would have encouraged more extensive shipping of beef stock.

A PERSPECTIVE OF THE CATTLE SITUATION

While cyclical swings in the profitableness of the cattle industry are gener-
ally accepted phenomena, their existence is often overlooked and their possibilities
as guides to production on part of the range breeder are seldom appreciated by
many cattlemen who might be in a position to adjust their breeding power profit-
ably to these swings.

Since records have been available the cattle industry has been subject to high
and low periods of production, prices and of purchasing power. The time between
periods of small supplies or between the peaks of high prices has averaged from
14 to 16 years.

Following the low point in market supplies in 1914 the high prices and war
demands for beef greatly stimulated production and at the end of the war potential
production was at a peak. Since 1921 with slaughter exceeding production as a
result of low prices there has been a steady tendency to reduce herds. As early
as in 1925 the turn in the cycle had become apparent. In January 1926 this de-
partment made the following prediction:

Montana cattlemen in common with those of the rest of the country have seen
cattle prices working through a slow cycle reaching comparatively low prices in
recent years. Cattle prices are now generally believed to be in the upward swing
of that cycle with the peak still several years in the future. Marketings of range
cattle in 1926 are expected to be materially less (than in 1925) but the number
of grain finished cattle may be larger, A marked decrease in steers, not grass
fed, and feeders, is indicated and calf slaughter in 1926 is expected to be less than
in 1925.

Drought during 1926 forced more range cattle to market from the north-
western and north central states than was anticipated as a normal turn-off. The
only effect of this situation on the general outlook as was stated at the beginning
of the year was to hasten the time when short market supplies would have a
marked effect on price. This occurred during the last half of 1927 and carried
prices even higher than was expected. With the advance in cattle prices occurring
without a general increase in the whole price structure of other commodities, the
gain to cattlemen was substantial. In other words the higher cattle prices were
accompanied by an increase in purchasing power of the cattle dollar.

The general situation now in the cattle industry is one wherein considerable
re-stocking will be necessary before any material increase in marketings can take
place. In fact sone further reduction in market supplies may result in the next
year or two as stock is held back for increasing breeding in response to the high
prices of the cycle.

In the national outlook it was stated that beef cattle for slaughter and as
stockers and feeders seeemed reasonably certain to meet a market in 1928 that
will average higher than in 1927. In fact, depending upon the attitude of beef
producers with respect to restocking, the lowest market supplies of the present
cycle may be two years away, which, other things being equal, would mean that
the highest average prices may not be realized this side of 1929.

As regards production it is to be expected that the trend of production will
be gradually upward for several years to come. As this situation becomes a factor
in market supplies, prices may be expected to gradually turn downwards. Look-
ing beyond the high point, therefore, of the present cycle, Montana cattlemen
should in their more distant plans, have in mind the recurring nature of such
situations in the cattle industry out of which they have just come.

MONTANA DAIRY INDUSTRY IN 1927

(By B. F. Thrailkill, Chief of the Dairy Division
Dept. Agriculture, Labor & Industry)

The manufacture of butter in Montana has increased from 14,178,938 pounds
in the year 1924 to 16,534,892 pounds in 1927. The manufacture of cheese in 1924
was 934,065 pounds and in 1927 was 1,556,539 pounds, while the manufacture of
ice cream increased from 564,676 gallons in 1924 to 741,804 gallons in 1927. Con-
verted into the equivalent of whole milk sold by farmers for manufacture in the
state the year 1924 shows 356,157.900 pounds of whole milk sold for manufacture
against 419,956,000 pounds so sold and processed in 1927.

These figures alone would indicate the substantial gain in importance of the
dairy industry in the state during the past four years although the gain in manu-
factured dairy products does not necessarily mean that there has been a corre-
sponding increase in the total production of milk, since the proportion of the total
milk produced that is sold for manufacture may vary itself from year to year.

However, estimates of the state-federal crop reporting service as to the num-
bers of cows kept for milk and the numbers milked each year furnish valuable
indications that the gain in manufactured dairy products has partly come about
through an expansion in the dairy industry itself during the past four years.
From the number of 167,967 cows milked in 1924 as enumerated by the federal
census of agriculture the estimate of the state-federal crop reporting service
shows 173,000 cows milked in 1927. Although the 1927 number milked fell slightly
below the numbers milked in both 1925 and 1926 due to the heavy marketings of
old cows with the high 1927 meat prices, it is noted from the milk production re-
ports of the crop reporters that there has been a steady gain in the average pro-
duction of milk per cow each year since 1924. This indicates "better" dairying
which is fully as important in a young state like Montana as is "more dairying."

Reliable statistics relative to dairy production beyond the statistics of manu-
facture and shipments which are actual records are difficult to obtain except in
form of estimates. On the other hand it is essential that all possible statistics
relative to dairy production be assembled if we are to intelligently analyze and
evaluate its development. With this thought in mind the state dairy division has
been cooperating with the state-federal crop and livestock estimating service with
a view of securing the best possible estimates relative to dairy production. Out
of this work in the past four years we have been able to make some measure of
the total dairy industry of the state from year to year. In the following table
the estimates of total milk production are arrived at through estimates of the
number of milk cows and heifers two years old and over on hand at the end of
each year together with the estimates of the number milked and the average
yearly production per cow. These yearly estimates are based on the census
enumeration of 1924 of the actual number of cows milked and the total production
of milk in that year. The amount of milk used on farms either for making butter
or as fluid milk was actually enumerated by the census in 1924. The difference
between these totals should then check with the amount of milk manufactured in
state creameries and shipped out by farmers to plants outside the state.

In the table following it will be noted that beginning with 1926 there has
been a rather marked decline in the amount of milk or its equivalent sent out of
Montana to outside milk plants. With much of this milk originating in eastern
Montana the dry season of 1926 probably accounts for most of this decrease. In
1927 in this area it is not believed that milk cow numbers were restored suffic-
iently following the 1926 sales, to prevent a further decrease in shipments of
butterfat and cream from eastern Montana to outside plants for manufacture.
Out of a total milk production in the state in 1927 that was slightly less than in
1926, creameries and other processors of dairy products within the state increased
their out-put over 1926 indicating that the Montana dairy producer is now favor-
ing his local market more strongly than before.

1924 1925 1926 1927

(census) (Final est.) (Revised) (Prelim, est.)

No. cows Dec. 31 174,000 192,000 181,000 175,000

No. Cows Milked 167,967 176,300 175,000 173,000

Prod, per Cow (gals.) 436 433 438 441,000

Total Production (gals.) 72,233,612 76,208,000 76,650,000 76,293,000

Total Production (lbs.) 629,809,063 655,388,800 667,790,000 656,120,000

Milk used on Farms (lbs.)

For making Butter 131,308,200 131,400,000 130,500,000 131,100.000

As fluid Milk 85,835,063 86,100,000 85,200,000 85,800,000

Milk Sold on Farms (lbs.) 412,665,690 437,888,800 452,090,000 439,220,000

Butter Fat Basis 299,564,800 317,924.800 336,900,000 318,620,000

Cream Basis 61,847,870 65,480,000 67,120,000 66,100,000

Whole Milk 51,253,020 54,484,000 56,104,000 54,500,000

Equivalent Whole Milk Manufactured

in State (lbs.)* 365.157,950 378,342,000 414,263,000 419,956,000

As Butter 343,731,800 358,942,000 393,417,703 400.806,000

As Cheese „ 8,193,550 13,892,000 15,804,000 13.586.000

As Ice Cream 4,232,600 5,708,000 5,042,000 5,564,000

Apparent Export from State by

Farmers, Pounds Equivalent 56,507,740 59,546,600 87,828,000 19,264,000

• Records of the State Dairy Division converted to pounds whole milk equivalent.

—56—

TREND OF MILK COWS

C>'3>C /O^/Tj

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If Montana is to continue the develop-
ment of her dairy industry and continue
the expansion of her manufacture of
dairy products, it must be for export. In
fact Montana is already a surplus pro-
ducing state and is now facing the prob-
lem of competing in the export markets
on a quality basis. States now competing
with Montana in these markets are tak-
ing steps leading to compulsory cream
grading to assure the higher quality of
finished product necessary if their ex-
ports to outside markets are to make
profitable returns to their producers.
Whatever these states do in the way of
compulsory cream grading, Montana will
be forced to do if she is to hold and develop her outside markets.

The past year has also witnessed the establishment of the first official cream
testing district in the Bitter Root valley where such work is now done by the state
dairy division in cooperation with Ravalli county creameries.

For a little more than a year the state dairy division has been cooperating
with the federal dairy division of the United States Bureau of Agricultural Eco-
nomics in the matter of securing quarterly reports of creamery production. Real-
izing the importance of such information^ the Montana dairy division has under-
taken to secure this information monthly with the result that it is the first dairy
state cooperating with the federal department to secure such statistics on a
monthly basis.

MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS

(From records of the state dairy division)

1924 1925 1926 1927

Butter, lbs 14,178,938 14,807,836 16,230,062 16,534,892

Cheese, lbs 934,065 1,561,027 1,810,053 1,556,539

Ice Cream, gals 564,676 761,638 672,724 741,804

SHIPMENTS OF MONTANA BUTTER TO CALIFORNIA MARKETS IN PAST FOUR YEARS

Butter lbs. Butter lbs. Butter lbs. Butter lbs.

MARKET 1924 1925 1926 1927

Los Angeles 1,934,838 1,047,534

San Francisco 770,000 1,896,000 2,331,098 2,172,866

Total 770,000 1,896,000 4,265,936 3,220,400

ESTIMATES OF DAIRY PRODUCTION 1927

Total estimated production of Montana dairymen in 1927 as estimated jointly
by the state dairy division and the state-federal crop reporting service was the
equivalent of 19,881,700 pounds of butterfat compared with 20,235,400 pounds
revised estimate of 1926; 21,628,000 pounds in 1925 and 20,784,000 pounds in 1924.
Estimated farm value of this production was $9,364,000 in 1927 compared with
$9,065,000 in 1926; $8,603,000 in 1925 and $7,282,000 in 1924.

MILK COWS IN MONTANA

Cows & Heifers
JANUARY 1 2yrs. andover

kept for milk

1920 148,000

1921 148,000

•1922 ...: 155,000

1923 162,000

1924 174,000

1925 187,000

1926 192,000

1927 181,000

1928 175,000

Compiled by the U. S. Division of Crop and Livestock Estimates cooperating with the State

Department of Agriculture.

Heifers 1-2 yrs.

Total

kept for milk

30,000

178,000

33.000

181,000

30,000

185,000

30,000

192,000

35,000

209,000

36,000

223,000

35,000

227,000

35.000

216,000

34,000

209,000

Data for the milk production study is gained from regular crop reporters
who each month are asked the following questions relative to milk production on
their farm on a specific day: (A) Number of cows milked on your farm yester-
day. (B) Number of all milk cows, dry or in milk, in your herd yesterday. (C)
Total production of milk by your herd yesterday, either in pounds or gallons.

—57—

While this monthly survey has been in operation but little over three years
and much of its value will lie in comparisons that will be built up as the records
increase, the results of the 1925 and 1926 reports will be of interest to reporters
cooperating in this study and are, therefore, summarized as tentative figures, for
such months as the data was found to be representative. It is expected that the
representativeness of the data will increase, since reporters have shown con-
siderable interest in this survey in number of returns made each month.

RESULT OF MILK PRODUCTION STUDY

No. of Farms

Cows in

Cows

Production

MONTH Reporting

Herd

Milked

Pounds

Jan.

1927 337

1926**

1925** „

2,730

1,545

28,140

Feb.

1927 813

2,188

1,222

23.117

1926** _

1925**

Mar.

1927 221

1926**

1,626

859

15,895

1925**

Apr.

1927 „ 250

1,846

1.062

20.419

1926 294

2,356

1,392

26,872

1925 263

1,903

1,050

19,022
22,435

May

1927 232

1,741

1,117

1926 . 221

1,862

1,186
1,471

23,966

1925 298

2,439

31,619

Je.

1927 287

1,984

1,356

31,442

1926 271

2,267

1,473

32.411

1925 250

1,829

1,183

25,449

Jly.

1927 237

1,833

1,278

30.800

1926 265

2,014

1,413

32,356

1925 257

2.221

1.541

31,236

Aug.

1927 251

11773

1.227

28,296

1926 226

2,013

1.391

28,401

1925 300

2,303

1,540

30,354

Sept.

1927 267

2,045

1,393

31,164

1926 250

2.002

1.399

26,938

1925

1,943

1.168

20,582

Oct.

1927 276

2,132

1.279

24,593

1926 270

1.981

1.281

21,506

1925

2,110

2.132

21,561

Nov.

1927 273

2,111

1.419

27,123

1926 332

1,687

1.020

15,995

1925

1,962

1.049

18,809

Dec.

1927 289

1926**

1925** :.„

2,028

1,167

20,996

TOTAL 1927 2,073

15,465

10.131

216,272

1926 2.147

16,092

10.441

208,445

1925 2,139

16,710

10,283

198,532

Average per head 1927 7.46

4.89

104.40

(For farm reporting) 1926 7.50

4.86

97.08

Aprli

to Nov.) .... 1925 7.81

4.80

92.81

Average per day for cows milked (April to Nov.)

1927

21.30

1926

19.96

1925

19.30

Herd

average 1927 (12 months)

7.43

4.62

94.2

Avera

lire oer dav for cows milked (Jan.-Dec.)

20.40

** Data for these months unavailable.

SHEEP

The importance of sheep to Montana's agriculture is indicated by the income
that is derived from sheep and wool sales in the state. Cash value of sheep and
sheep products in Montana in 1927 is estimated at $19,486,000 and at $14,590,000
in 1926. Only two other items of farm cash income in the state (wheat and
cattle) exceeded that of sheep. In contrast with cattle, the inventory numbers
on Montana farms on January 1, 1928, showed a definite increase over the pre-
vious .year.

A marked tendency to restock sheep among established sheepmen and a de-
mand for breeding stock from farmers who do not own sheep were noticed in
the fall of 1927.

-58-

MONTANA SHEEP NUMBERS ON INCREASE

Sheep numbers have been increasing
steadily in Montana since 1923 and with
a population of 3,206,000 on January 1,
1928, are at their highest point since
1915. The peak of sheep numbers was
reached in 1901, when 6,417,000 sheep
were reported on farms and ranges in the
state.

That Montana farmers and sheepmen
are steadily increasing their flocks is
shown in the accompanying classification
of she€p on January 1, It is seen that
the number of both old ewes and of ewe
lambs kept for breeding on January 1,
1928, was the greatest in four years.

TREND or SHEEP

r3,ZSO.OOO-^
-3, 000,000-

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SHEEP ON MONTANA FARMS

1925 1926

On feed for market 105,000 100,000

Ewes 1 yr. and over for breedine: 1,880,000 2,079,000

Ewe lambs for breeding 526,000 627,000

Other lambs 10,000 10,000

Rams and wethers 58,000 64,000

2,880,000

TOTAL SHEEP 2,579,000

1927

1928

110,000

110,000

2,208,000

2,344,000

662,000

677.000

12,000

11,000

61,000

64,000

3,053,000

3,206.000

SHEEP OUTLOOK IN MONTANA

The principal factors affecting the immediate outlook are (1) A prospective
1928 lamb crop larger than in 1927 based on a 6.5 per cent increase in present
(January 1) numbers of sheep compared with a year ago and assuming lambing
conditions to be at least as favorable as last year. (2) A consumer demand for
lamb during 1928-29 that is not likely to improve sufficiently to offset the pros-
pective increase in production. (3) A favorable outlook for wool based on light
present stocks in this country with a strong foreign market outlook for wool.

Taken by and large, and considering the importance of lamb prices from the
standpoint of the Montana producer, the outlook for sheep and wool is not a
bullish one. If the welfare of the Montana sheepmen in the future may be ex-
pected to vary with the welfare of the sheepmen of the country, as it has done
in the past, then the conclusion that "the outlook" indicates the need of consid-
erable caution in regard to further expansion of the production of "marked lambs,"
becomes as good advice for the Montana sheepman as it is intended to be for
sheepmen generally.

Returning to the lamb production outlook, it is noted that despite the 1927
losses of Western lambs in the spring storms last year the total lamb crop held
up close to that of 1926 due to the increased production of native lambs. Inspected
slaughter of sheep and lambs during 1927 was fully as large as in 1926, while
the number of sheep and lambs on feed on January 1, 1928 was about 450,000
head, or 10 per cent larger than a year ago. In the feeding situation last winter
it was noted that the corn belt states, particularly those east of the Mississippi,
fed fewer lambs while feeding increase came very largely as a result of the
operations in northern Colorado and western Nebraska.

The 1928 crop of early California lambs is expected to be a record crop and
under present conditions indicate a heavy movement to eastern markets in April
and May. A spring movement of grass wethers and yearlings from Texas as
large as or larger than 1927 is also indicated. All of which points to a supply of
all sheep and lambs for slaughter during the first half of 1928 considerably larger
than a year ago, and the largest for the period since 1914.

The size of the 1928 lamb crop will determine the supply of lambs for the
last half of 1928 with the probabilities now favoring a larger supply than for this
same period in 1927.

Yearly slaughter since 1924 has continued to steadily rise to a point in 1927
that was 7.5 per cent larger than in 1924, or an average yearly increase during
the four year period of 1.9 per cent.

On the other hand, total sheep numbers have risen 9.1 per cent during this

—59—

same period. This means that the increased lamb production during the period
1924 to 1927 has been primarily for expansion of total sheep numbers.

Analysis of this situation shows that while sheepmen have added on an aver-
age of 1,130,000 to their total sheep numbers each year since 1924, they have
added only an average of 294,000 head to the yearly inspected slaughter during
this period. There is thus the likelihood that, if for any reason sheepmen should
reverse the recent trend of production, the slaughter market will be immediately
called upon to absorb a much larger total supply than the average of recent years.
In fact slaughter market will be obliged to absorb at least the average increment
to total sheep numbers that has been added each year since 1924 as soon as the
point is reached where the present expansion curve in total numbers flattens out.

If the total number of sheep had remained stationary between Jan. 1, 1927
and Jan. 1, 1928 there would have been available for slaughter supply the differ-
ence between the two inventories minus the difference between the January num-
ber on feed both years or about 2,247,000 more sheep and lambs for slaughter
than were slaughtered during 1927.

With this background we can consider the relatively large increase in sheep
numbers again on January 1, 1928 when they were 6.5 per cent larger than Jan.
1, 1927. Compared with 1924 they were 16.5 per cent larger whereas, on Jan. 1,
1927 they were but 9.1 per cent larger than the 1924 base year.

The average annual increase from 1924 to 1928 was 1,540,000 whereas, the
average annual increase up to 1927 had been 1,130,000 head.

It is on this trend of production that the national outlook report predicates
its statement that "lamb production in this country is tending upward and ap-
proaching the peak of the cycle" and that "the outlook for the next few years
indicates the need of considerable caution in regard to further expansion in pro-
duction of lambs."

Montana is now in the second expansion period of her sheep industry. The
first expansion saw a rapid and substantial increase in total numbers of from less
than half a million head in 1880 to morel than six million head between 1900 and
1906. Numbers held fairly well until 1910 and the next decade witnessed a sharp,
steady decline until a low point of close to two million head in 1920. From 1920
to 1928 total numbers have increased to slightly over three million head.

For the United States as a whole, the trend of sheep numbers was irregu-
larly upward from 1900 to 1909 and downward until the war expansion between
1915 and 1919. The low points during the whole period of 1900 to 1928 were in
1915 and 1922 with high points in 1909 and the present year 1928 and the high
point of the war period in 1919.

Since 1900 the trend of average yearly lamb prices at Chicago have been
about $5.90 per 100 pounds in 1900 to $16.60 per hundred pounds in 1918, and by
1921 they reached a low point of less than $10.00 in the present cycle.

It has been in response to improving prices from 1922 to 1925 that sheepmen
have greatly increased their total holdings, carrying their increase strongly
through 1926 and 1927 during which period prices have reacted somewhat from
the high 1925 point.

Montana sheepmen in general have followed the main production trend of
sheepmen of the country and if a peak in the production cycle, now being ap-
proached generally, is to be attended as in the past by price re-adjustments,
Montana sheepmen should carefully consider the general situation in their pro-
duction plans during the next few years.

SHEEP NUMBERS IN UNITED STATES

Sheep have also been increasing in numbers over the whole United States
since 1922, but not at such a great rate as in Montana. Numbers in the United
States are seen in the accompanying table with Montana numbers alongside for
comparison.

SHEEP AND LAMBS IN THE UNITED STATES AND MONTANA
NUMBERS ON FARMS JANUARY 1ST.

(1920-1928)

YEAR Montana United States

1920 2,450,000 40.243,000

1921 2,230.000 38,690.000

1922 ^ 2,460,000 36,186,000

1923 2,370,000 36,212,000

1924 2,441,000 38,876,000

1925 2.579,000 38,112,000

1926 2,880,000 39,730.000

1927 3,053.000 41,846,000

1928 8,206.000 44,545,000

— €0—

UNITED STATES WOOL PRODUCTION

The United States wool production in 1927 was the largest since 1923 and
was also larger than the average production for the years 1909-1913. Production
in 1927 was estimated at 272,543,000 pounds, in 1926 at 260,976,000 pounds, in
1925 at 253,907,000 pounds, 242,405,000 pounds in 1924, 224,330,000 pounds in 1923
and the average for the years 1909-1913 was 272,248,000 pounds. Increased pro-
duction last year was due to increases in the numbers of sheep shorn more than
offsetting the decrease in the average weight per fleece.

MONTANA WOOL PRODUCTION

The Montana wool clip in 1927, estimated at 24,299,000 pounds, was the
largest since 1916 and substantially larger than the clip of 1926 which was estim-
ated at 23,320,000 pounds. It is estimated that 2,824,000 sheep were shorn at an
average weight of 8.6 pounds per fleece to produce the 1927 wool clip.

MONTANA WOOL PRODUCTION

(1886-1927)

Production

YEAR (pounds)

1886 5,031,000

1887 5.283,000

1888 Unknown

1889 9.740,000

1890 13,929,000

1891 14,471,000

1892 15,670,000

1893 17,697,000

1894 17.642.000

1895 _ 19,032,000

1896 21,530,000

1897 20,110,000

1898 20,935,000

1899 30,438,000

1900 26,020,000

1901 30,554.000

1902 35,567,000

1903 30,600,000

1904 37,773,000

1905 „ 37,700,000

1906 35,815.000

Production

YEAR (pounds)

1907 30,820.000

1908 „ 32,200,000

1909 35.000.000

1910 33,600.000

1911 34,875,000

1912 31,175,090

1913 31,500,000

1914 30,177,000

1915 26,950,000

1916 24,570,000

1917 23,342,000

1918 18,685,000

1919 18,267,000

1920 16,000,000

1921 16,400,000

1922 16,770.000

1923 17.775,000

1924 19,314,000

1925 20,967.000

1926 23.320.000

1927 „ 24.299.000

1927 HOG PRODUCTION SMALLER

Hog production in Montana decreased
in 1927 although the end of the year wit-
nessed some strengthening of inventories
compared with the beginning of the year
and December plans of breeders indicated
some increase in production again for
1928.

In general hog raising in Montana has
been increasing faster than state con-
sumption of hogs during the past twenty
years and exports have seemed to find
a ready market in the north Pacific coast
cities. Unfavorable corn crops during
1924, 1925 and 1926 appear to have cur-
tailed production somewhat from the
high peak of marketings reached during
the calendar year of 1925. During 1926
and 1927 marketings declined, reaching a low point of about 109,000 head for
1927 compared with 166,000 head in 1926 and 225,000 head in 1925. Unfavorable
spring farrowing conditions in 1927 also operated to curtail production.

—61—

-300, OOO
-27S.OOO
-2S0,000
-22S,000

-200, OOO

\

\

^^

^

I f

HORSES

JSnJMBER or MORSES

■000,000

rSOO.OOO

■400,000

^00,000^

-200.000

%

%

Horse numbers continued to decline in
1927 in Montana, a total of 536,000 horses
being reported on Montana farms and
ranges on January 1. 1928, compared with
the 547,000 reported the previous year.
Horse numbers in the state are now at
the lowest ebb since 1916. At that time
the horse population was on the increase
and the total of 520,000 reported at the
beginning of 1916 established a record to
that time.

During the war there was a marked
demand for Montana horses, but since
then the demand has practically ceased.
Growth of automobile and truck power
and of motor power in farm machinery
have tended to decrease the demand for
horses further.

There are great numbers of wild horses
on Montana ranges that have been de-
clared nuisances to the state and are

gradually being eliminated by both natural decrease in the winter seasons and

slaughter for canning.

Number

YEAR

(head)

1870

5,300*

1880 .

36,000*

1888 ... . .

39,900

1884

45.900

1886

105,000

1886

120,700

1887

129,000

1888 . ..-

187,000

1889

200,000

1890

216,000

1891 -

152,000

1892 .._

197,000

1893 ._..

207,000

1894

197.000

1896

198,000

1896

183,000

• Based upon Census Data.

♦• Tentative revisions ; all others

NUMBER OF HORSES IN MONTANA
JANUARY 1, 1870-1928

Number

YEAR (head)

1897 175,000

1898 172,000

1899 165,000

1900* 347,000

1901 . 302,000

1902 275,000

1903 247,000

1904 244,000

1905 237,000

1906 239,000

1907 292,000

1908 292,000

1909 304.000

1910 319,000

1911** „... 344,000

1912** 350.000

Number

YEAR (head)

1913** 385.000

1914** 440,000

1915** 485,000

1916** 520,000

1917** 580.000

1918** 640.000

1919** 720,000

1920 669,000

1921 669.000

1922 650,000

1923 643,000

1924 611.000

1925 ..._ 690,000

1926 576,000

1927 547,000

1928 536.000

are U. S. Department of Agriculture estimates.

MULES

An estimated total number of 11,000 mules in Montana on January 1, 1928,
is the same estimate as for the past four years. This total would allow for less
than one mule for every four farms in the state. The trend in mule numbers in
the state has been slowly upward.

NUMBER OF MULES IN MONTANA

JANUARY 1

, 1870-1928

YEAR Number

YEAR Number

1870 500*

1880 900*

1885 2,800

1890 2,400

1895 ..- 900

1900 2,800*

1905 ^ 3,400

1910 _ 5,000

1915 - 6,600'

1920 ...- 9,000

1925 11.600

1926 ...„ 11,000

1927 11.000

1928 11.000

Based on Census Data.
Tentative revisions ; all others are U. S. Department of Agriculture Estimates.

— «2—

TREND OF POULTRY INCOME

r^,2S0,00O-

,000,000-

3,7^0,000-

3,soo, ooa-

■^,zso,ooo

POULTRY

The estimated total income from poul-
try sources of $4,188,000 is a slight de-
crease from the estimated income in 1926
of $4,221,000, but is greater than the in-
come for either 1924 or 1925.

Montana turkeys have proved profit-
able in many parts of the state and in-
creased interest in turkey production is
becoming evident.

819,000

4,059,000

861,000

4,221,000

854,000

4,188,000

ESTIMATED SALES OF POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS

YEAR Chickens & Eggs Other Poultry Total

1924 $2,926,000 $718,000 $3,644,000

19?5 3,240,000

1926 3,360,000

1927 „ 3,334,000

EGG PRODUCTION STUDY

A study of ^^% production is made through monthly inquiries to reporters
of the United States Division of Crop and Livestock Estimates. The following
questions are asked: (A) Number of hens, including pullets of laying age, that
were in your flock yesterday. (B) Number of eggs produced by your flock yes-
terday. Results of this survey for 1927, 1926 and 1925 are given here for the
information of the reporters cooperating. Much of the value of such surveys will
arise from comparison with past years and will develop with length of records.

1927 EGG PRODJUCriON ON REPORTERS' FARMS WITH 1926 AND 1925 FOR COMPARISON

No.of Hens & Pullets

Per Cent of Whole

No.

of Farms

in Flock*

No. of Eggs Produced

Flock Producing

Month

1927

1926

1925

1927

1926 1925

1927 1926

1925

1927

1926

1925

Jan.

355

477

495

22,691

33,565 27,105

2.805 5,768

3,110

12.4

17.2

11.6

Feb.

341

21,328

3,947

18.5

Mar.

233

14,069

4,007

28.5

Apr.

294

324

282

18,041

20,555 18,243

9,271 11,777

7,283

51.4

57.0

39.9

May

254

220

333

13,285

15,281 23,569

7,882 9,140

13,090

51.6

57.0

58.0

June.

299

285

271

15,336

15,646 16,405

8,154 7,998

8,875

53.2

51.1

53.7

July

261

280

276

12,399

15,079 16,480

5,605 6,642

7.532

45.2

44.0

45.7

Aug.

255

222

300

12,033

11,004 16,036

4,826 4,374

6.248

40.1

39.8

38.9

Sept.

232

245

262

11,734

12,622 11,645

4,775 5.180

4,532

40.7

41.0

88.9

Oct.

286

275

278

14,402

15,987 15,710

5,550 4.257

4,709

38.5

26.6

29.9

Nov.

275

229

262

15,490

12,750 14,580

3,234 2,275

1,956

20.9

17.8

13.4

Dec.
Avg.
10 Mo.
Avg.

302

360

311

19,508

21,624 19,348

2,067 2,307

1,865

10.6

10.6

9.6

281.3

291.7 307.0

15,491.9

17,411.8 17,912.1

5,416.9 5.965.8

5,920.0

36.5

34.3

33.1

1927
12 Mo.

338.7

19.031.6

6,212.3

41.2

♦Number of hens and pullets in

flock of laying age

on last day of preceding month.

BEES AND HONEY

Production of honey in 1927, from what facts are available is indicated to
have fallen about 15 per cent below that of 1926. Oh the other hand a better
organization of growers and of marketings resulted in better prices to producers.

BEES HONEY WAX

v„.„ -T „ ,, XT- Produced Value Produced Value

YEAR No. Farms No. Hives (pounds) | (pounds) %

1909 , 795 6,313 135,510 21,802 394 133

1919 1.199 11,918 630.608 157,656 7,682 2,614

1926 (est)* 1.800 37,000 3,150,000 302,000 23,000 9,000

1927 1,800 37,000 2,500,000 262,000 20,000 6,000

* Estimates based on records of state bee inspector which showed 19,202 colonies licensed in 1926,

on 1300 farms.

INDEX

GENERAL:

AgrsTre^ate Production

3

Bank Deposits

7

6

Farm Labor Wages

Growing Season in 1927

4

Investment Return

4

6

5

8

Purchasing; Power

9

Taxes

5

FARM INCOME:

13

Estimates _ .

11

How Estimates Are Made

. 11

Sniirftes of Farm Tnoom© (Tahl#»)

12

CROP PRODUCTION STATISTICS:

Acreage Changes

... 17

Acre Values of Crops

19

Bushel Weights of Grains

15

16

PRODUCTION TABLE:

20

United States

21

Rank in Crop Production

. ... 15

Total Tonnage of Crops

. 18

Wheat Shipments by Months

19

Yield Per Acre

18

CROPS:

Alfalfa and Clover Seed

29

28

Barley ...

29

Beans

.. . 28

Com

27

Flax

27

Hay

28

Oats .

29

Potatoes

27

Rye

30

Seed and Canning Peas _

Sugar Beets .

30

30

Wheat Yields

22-26

23

MONTANA'S POSITION

22

Production Table by Years

26

24

Trend of Production _

23

COUNTY STATISTICS OF CROP PRODUCTION

(Listed alphabetically) 31-48

LIVESTOCK

Bees and Honey _ 63

CATTLE :

Beef Cattle 54

Exports 54

Situation 55

Dairy Industry 55

Milk production study 68

Estimates 57

Classification 54

Hogs _ 61

Horses and Mules 62

Poultry 63

Sheep 58

Outlook 59

Wool Production 61

CROP WEIGHTS FOR MONTANA DISTRICTS

(Per Cent of Crops Produced in Each District)

I

ALL LAND IN FARMS 2.6

ALL CROPS 3.

CORN 1.

WINTER WHEAT 5.

SPRING WHEAT 2.

ALL WHEAT 3.

OATS 3.

BARLEY 7.

RYE 1.

FLAX 0.

HAY, ALL TAME 6.

HAY, WILD 1.

HAY, ALFALFA 5.

BEANS, DRY 0.

SEED PEAS 0.

ALFALFA SEED 5.

POTATOES 15.

APPLES (TREES) 32.

SUGAR BEETS 0.

CROP DISTRICTS BY NUMBERS

II

Ill

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

18.3

12.1

3.9

19.7

10.7

5.1

10.7

16.9

17.

18.

3.

18.

14.

5.

12.

10.

9.

20.

0.

12.

27.

0.

10.

21.

15.

2.

1.

36.

5.

1.

23.

12.

26.

26.

1.

16.

15.

0.

8.

6.

24.

22.

0.

20.

13.

0.

11.

n

12.

21.

3.

16.

20.

2.

12.

11.

18.

10.

5.

16.

10.

2.

20.

12.

42.

24.

2.

7.

8.

0.

4.

12.

5.

42.

0.

1.

42.

0.

1.

9.

8.

5.

11.

23.

8.

8.

20.

11.

13.

13.

6.

14.

8.

27.

2.

16.

7.

3.

6.

23.

4.

11.

26.

15.

3.

3.

0.

4.

12.

0.

62.

16.

0.

0.

8.

6.

1.

6.

70.

0.

0.

16.

0.

1.

18.

0.

1.

59.

11.

8.

14.

20.

10.

4.

10.

8.

0.

1.

47.

2.

1.

0.

15.

2.

10.

2.

0.

1.

15.

0.

58.

14.

MONTANA CROP REPORTING DISTRICTS

To facilitate tabulation and analysis of data in crop reporting work, counties
with generally similar farming conditions are grouped into districts as shown
above. In most county tables herein, grouping has been on this plan, instead
of alphabetically.