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London ¢ PRINTED TOR RICHARD PHILLIPS, No, 6, BripcE-SrReor;, By whom Communications (Post-paid) are thankfully received, a (Price Twelve Shillings half-bound.) Printed by J. ApLARD, Duke-street, Smithfield, ahs awe M Shrtusan ie ary if ‘ ove ries Twit es WE WIA TO TevAgIL I ATADWTANaOD i a ehOT MI CKA euaOa Wax 30 TH i eet resanuea . ~ aes Soe re ; weYOIPAr. SAGE TIA “9 on: é Rs . « % Ere hr ae eae Ko PROCOMET Mi dieenéra 10 e2veina ad SION! me Cheah LOM aeY 4. Or 24 Ye msy ~~ ; “227, Graz Py @ nO eatemm a A : Ag i ghee Mer Ad JE Ga OST TI ARRAS. Ro Hel) , a eee ha! ieOexares ye TT OUOSHA ane rex Bye) ae Ee Pk gegen bod > IT2aMoe a ie A 7 4 ee: a +93 : th rare .ShTOLor TE ote ria oh r- - ripe: che Bey Ti Ware.” cy ee iss VATHTAIW ane TOT Z09nw eddies eer ne Ris? ; ye Jar SENS RII 6b caw Ps oe ae \ S neGHOE Se ae “i mia te PS) Pu: 3 ot ¢ ~ 2G : a Ulner ¥ Aeitctomsd 9 oh ~ 24g Catatonia. ner af nead +> © Badioads yllotgans Pe a . 14 dont 1 og Wieggy-seu) ectoiz aoleneiene) moe 5 ’ | ee a te Latte th apni ' Ne, 2m oy wiv), : Es m tee > ee stds? creumeied (aaad@a % ye tat | U y ’ Mae a) a 1 rat < 7 ‘ i , ae a a Ae On the 30th of July was published, the SupPLemENTaRY NumBeR to our Twenty-fifth Volume, contuining—Hatr Yearty Rerrosrecrs of Domestic and Frencu ITERATURE, Account of the PrcrurRes in the Marauis of Starrorp’s GaL- _ ERY, with copious [nDEXES, TiTLE, §c, Vie MONTHLY No. 174.] AUGUST 1, 1808. MAGAZINE. [tof Vou. 26. “e As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converrs, and of giving to their Opinions a Maximum. y “+ Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greate effect \ ** Curiofity of thofe who read either for Amu(ement or Inftruktion.” JOHNSON, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. For the Monthly Magazine. «© Plante numerosissime quibus obvestit flobum terraqueum Deus optimus maximus, sunt totidem documenta infinite sapieutie, nate in gloriam sui creatoris, et in commo- dum hominis, cujus est eas intueri.” men. Acad. v. 6. p. 40- WRITER under 'the signature of E. N. in your Magazine of May Vst, p. $05, on the subject of Tea, opens hismessay by disclaiming the trathe with China, under “ the enlightened ideas of the commercial part of the community ;” and with this*impression expresses “ his woader that this plant has never. been cultivated insome of our numerous settle- ments in the latitude of China;” and asks, “ why, then, among the many spe- culations of te present age; is not this attempted?” . le concludes with inqui- ries, whether the Europeans are possessed of the genuine tea-trec, and whether it is cultivated with success in any country except China?” sine In your magazine for July, page 518, a writer, subscribing Phytophilus, resumes the subject in answer to E. N, and affords ample evidence that this vegetable grows in many gardens in England, and asserts that its more “‘ extensive cultivation is en- couraged in the West Indies, and. parti- cularly. in Jamaica, by the offer of pre- miums.” He then exhibits many sub- Stitutes for exotic tea; and, after some remarks on the mfluence of fashion, pre- dicts that this prevalent one of drinking tea will cease, and concludes that “ the great Tchien Long may then chaunt his Mooley-wha, tll he: is weary, before a British keel cut the Pekaing in quest of it.” When I first perused E. N.’s letter, I entertained a hope, that, on a subject so interesting as tea, in diet, morals and commerce, some of your correspondents would have calmly considered it, and elucidated it by a clear higtorical and commercial history. Monrury Mag, No. 174, But whatever may be ascribed to the, communication of Phytophilus, I presume to think, that the subject is not exhaust- ed. With respect to the opinions of both the writers [ have alluded to, of the com= mercial disadvantages of the tea-trade with China, I totally differ: but I shall defer its discussion till the conclusion of this essay. In the mean time, I hope you will not deem me tedious, in treading in some degree on the same ground with Phytophilus, in tracing the first introduce tion of the tea-plant into England. The Evoropeans were long anxious to procure this exotic ; and the Chinese who were dexterous in deception, employed various means of imposition, as Mocquet* exemplifies, and Osbeck+ confirms, which might have contributed to the mistake of Dr. Hilly and from him adopted by Linné,t who described the Green and Bohea-teas as two distinct species. Kaempfer,§ how- ever, who embraced this opinion, has certainly depicted and very accurately described this genuine exotic. * Voyages and Travels, an.-1606, 1. 4, ps 264, which is truly diverting, in the imposi« tion of a factitious duck. é ; T Voyage to China, 1, 2. p. 17. respecting the Tsubakki. Two specimens of this plant were introduced into the physic garden at Upsal. About the year 1755, they were brought over by M. Lagerstrom, a director of the Swedish East India company, under the supposition of being tea-plants, till they ap- peared in blossom, when they proved to be the species of Tsubakki, callee by Linné, Cas mellia. Spe. Pl. p, 982. This celebrated na> turalist says, ‘* that the leaves of his Camellia are so like the true tea-tree, that they might deceive a skilfal botanist,” - } Hill, Exot. t. 22. Ameenit, Acad. Upsal. v. 7. p. 248, AlsoBreyn. Exot. Plant. Cent. i.p. 111. Hist. de 1” Academ. desSciences, 1776, p. 52. This wasconfirmed to me by a letter I was honored with from Linné himself, who, speaking of the British nation for science, defines it, the punctum wit@ in witello orbis. § Amenit, Exot. p, 6y7. 8B I readily , by —. = 2 On the Cultivation of, and Substitutes for, Tea. * T readily confirm Phytophilus’ infor- mation of John Ellis, Esq.* having pos- sessed the first tea-plant in Europe ; and the history of this acquisition is curous. Prior to the year 1768, [ was intimately acquainted with him, aud atteuded many _ of his ingenious experiments on. Animal- ‘cule. several tea-seeds, seut to him in a canis- ter, in pots, which he placed in the open- ing or garden of his lodging in (I think) Gray’s-mu, One plant only was raised, which he presented to Kew Garden, 30 that the first tea-plant that vegetated in Europe, was raised in the center of London ! y About this time, if I mistake not, the late Duke of Northumberland received a plant from China, which was the first that flowered here, at his seat at Sion- house. From this plant Miller} engraved his Icon, which embellished his grand il- Justration of the Sexual System of Linné, since imitated by Dr, Thornton: but the largest tea-plant which flowered soon af- ter this period was at Upton, the seat of Dr. Fothergill. I measured it a yard and half high; it was planted in the open air, and matted in the winter: it did not long survive its original proprietor. On the subject of tea-plants in Eng- land, I would add nothing further, than to thank Phytophilus for his information respecting the plants cultivated in the environs of London; except that of re- ferring him to a useful paper by Sir Jo- seph Banks, in the Memoirs of the Horti- cultural Society, on themeans of iiuating exotics to the climate of England, a sub- ject, which I noticed nearly torty years ago. Upon the article of tea, the authors amount te about 150, the simile enume- ration of which would occupy too many useful pages of your Magazine; but I would, however, observe that K:empter’s ‘Ameenitates, Staunton’s China, and “ an Account of the Tea-tree” by Frederick # This great naturalist, with Dr. Fother- gill and Peter Collinson, to whom might be added Sir William Watson and Franklin, formed the great school of Naturalists after the decease of Sir Hans Sloane. Are there any memoirs of John Ellis? J fear that this ingenious ‘naturalist has not yet found a bio- grapher. His works on Corals and Corailines place bim high in the ranks of science, + Miller, or- Miiller, drew the Hortus Upton. of Fothergill. I think this col- lection was sold to the Ethpress of Russia for 1,501. ; es “sess cousiderable He informed me that he sowed i ai, ey, Se ee u “f [Aug. 1, Pigou, Esq. Asiatic Register for 1802, page 1, of Miscellancous ‘Tracts, pos- information on this: oriental vegeiable. The last is par- ticularly minute respecting the varieties of commercial teas, places of growth in China,* and methods of preparation; dif- ferent in many respects from every other author, Ls Many writers on tea, particularly the early ones, either pretended to have dis- covered it, or proposed substitutes for it. Simon Pauli, an eminent physician at Copenhagen, was the first who assumed the discovery of tea in Europe, in the Myrica Gale,t who was afterwards re- futed by Dr. Mentzel of Berlin, in con- sequence of specimeis received from the East Indies by Dr. Cleyer.{ Father Labat§ next thought he had discovered the tea-tree in Martinico, in a species of Lysimachia, As a substitute for tea, Lochner§ particularly recommended ye- ronica, besides which sage,{{ myrtle,** betony, tf sloe, tf agrimony, &§ wild * The tea-plant is indigenous in China and Japan; and some authors add also Siam. Per- cival in his account of the island of Ceylon ob- serves that he was informed by an officer in the 80th regiment, of his having found the genuire tea-plant in this island ; but I doubt the information. Compare Mason’s Costume of China. + Linné Syst. Natur. v. 5S. p. 651. Wilhel. Seyl. Epist apud Simon. Pauli Comment, Hud- son’s fl. Ang. p. 368. + Acta Haffniensia and Ephemer. Dec. 11. Ann. iv. § Nouveau Voyage aux Iles de l’Ame- rique, Paris 1721. j | De novis Thee et Coffez Succedaneis, 4to Hall. 1717. Veronica oflicinalis, Flor, Suec. p. 12. Veronic. Chamed. Fl. Suec. p, 18. Pechlin Theophilus Bibaculus, Francfort, 1684. Francus de Veronica; Cobourg, 1690, 12mo. 1700, Paris, sub titulo, le The de lEurope, 1704, and 1707, 12mo. Fred. Hofim. de infusi Veronice efficacia preferenda herb Thee, 4to Hall. 1694. §| Fr. Afforry & Jos. de Tournefort, Ergo potus ex salvia salubris, 1659. Wedel, de Salvia, 4to. 1707. Jena, Paulini Nobilis Salvia, Aug. Vindel. 1658, 8vo. ** Simon Pauli de Abusu Thex; Strasburg, 1663. Lond. 1746. t+ Hence the Italian proverb Vende la tonica, &. compra la Betonica. : jt Withering. Act of Parliament, 17 Geo, ii, ch. 29. om Act. 4. Geo. 2. §§ Joseph Seres, Lettera sopra la bevanda, &c. Veron. 1730 Thomasius, Thea ex Rosa, in Cent: iii. Nat, Curios. p. 199. . Also Cent. vii, Obs, 15, auctore Fischer, _ros¢ + io a era re es eee 4 1808.] Correction of a Mis-statement relative to M.de Luc. $$ ‘y " J < rose,* and many others,} have been pro- posed as succedanea. Whether any. of these are really more salutary or not, 1s perhaps undetermined; but we now find from the palace to the cottage, every her substitute has yielded to the ge- nuine Aiatics tea.j i So many of your valuable pages have been already devoted to an individual plant, that the history of its introduction into Europe, and the remarks on its in- fluence on morals, health and commerce, shall be the subjects of a subsequent let- ter, Ly your correspondent, TsJAAPHILUS. London, Fuly 4, 1808. eet Scene To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, TAKE the liberty of asking you to insert two letters of Dr. Millar as soon as it can be done, in order to etlace as soon as possible the calumny spread against me, Dr. Millar, when aware of it, did what remained in his power, by retracting it-himself in the Encyclopadia Britannica, and consenting that his letters should be published, pointing out your Magazine as the best channel for the pur- pose. Butsuch is the evil produced by false reports, that the refutation never follows the calumny through all its chan- nels. It is therefore well tor me, (though not a complete security against a certain class of people) that a long life spent in many countries, has fixed my character in the opinion of the world. Your's, &c. Windsor, De Lec, April, 16th, 1808. Letter of Dr. Millar, Editor of the Ency- clopedia Britannica, addressed to a Friend of M. De Luc. “Srr—Some time ayo I received two letters on the subject of a mis-statement, im the account ef Dr. Black, published in the fourth edition of the Encyclop. Britan. relative to M. de Luc; in which the latter '® Slevoget, de Thea Romana, et Selesiaca, An.1721, Aignan, Le Pré.re medecin. avec un Traité du Thé de France, Paris 1696, 12mo0, Faber de Thea Helvetica 4to Basil. 1715, Siegesbeck de Thee Succedaneis, in Kanaldi- ana Collectione, 1728 ‘ Zanichelli Obzervation! intorno abuso della coftea, & della vertute di nuovo Te-Vene- ziano, Venez. 1755, 4to, “+ K. Collegii medici Kundgiorelse om den misbruk som Thee, och Caffe drickande, &c, Stockholm, 1746. 4to. is charged with claiming, as his own, dis- coveries of the former concerning the doctrine of heat. But as neither of these letters had any specific date, or contained any information to admit of communica- tion with the writers, I had no opportu- nity, till your letter was put into my hands a few days ago, of delivering my senti- ments with regard to that mis-statement ; and of pointing out to the friends of M. . De Luc, in what way I meant to have it corrected, Before your letter arrived, the correc- , tion was made in the best way I could think ‘on, agreeably to the nature and , plan of the work. It is inserted in the form of a note, the first time the name of the venerable philosopher is mentioned ; whose character, I will acknowledge, was - unjustly, but permit me to say, also by me unintentionally, aspersed, in giving cir- culation to a charge which appeared to have been rashly and_inconsiderately brought forward. I have the most per- fect recollection of feeling some reluc- tance in introdncing the charge alluded to; but Prof. Robison having been the pupil and successor of Dr. Black of Glas- gow, and having been his colleague and intimate friend for a long course of years at Edinburg, I regarded his authority as above all suspicion, and I could not there- fore entertain the slightest doubt of the truth of what he had so deliberately and so circumstantially detailed. I do not mean however to insimuate that Prof, Robison has asserted any thing which he believed to be false; and it would be useless to inquire into the motives, if it , could be done, which led him into that . mistake. He cannot now answer for himself, and I trust we shall not forget that his memory is entitled to the indul- gence which is claimed in the old adage, De mortuis nil nisi tonum. The warinth of attection for his deceased friend, an excess of jealousy for h‘s reputation, or perhaps the indistinct recollection of ° some vague conversation on the subject, may have given birth to the groundless - charge. Your surprise at the mis-state- ment having been introduced into the Encycloped. Britan. after M. de Lue’s -exculpation of himself appeared in the 12th number of the Edinburgh Review, will, 1 presume, entirely cease when I in- form you, that the carly volumes of the Encyclopedia were printed before any part of it was published; and that tie volume which contains the biographical sketch of Dr. Black was printed before the publication of the 12th number of that od \y y t 4 Correction of a Mis-statement relate to M. de Iuc. | [Aug. that Review; otherwise, as I see the Review regularly as it is published, the error which is the just cause of com- plaint, would have most assuredly been avoided.—To render the correction more conspicuous, I shall take care to note the Mistatement with a proper reference, in the list of corrigenda, which will be given at the end of the work, ‘The above explanation, I hope, will be received by M. de Luc, and his friends, asia sufficient apology for the injury to his character, which I have to regret ex- ceedingly I have been the innocent cause of propagating. I am, Sir, your most obe- dient humble servant, James Miurar, M.D. Editor of the Encyclop. Britan, Fountain-bridge, Edinburg, Fan. 24, 1808. P.S. If you will favor me with your name and address, I shall transmit you a copy of the note ; and perhaps with permission to publish along with it the above in any perio- dital work, if it should be any additional satis- faction for the injury. Letter of Dr. Millar, to M. de Tuc. Srr—I wow address you in consequence of an anonymous correspondence which I have had with some of your friends, re- lative to a mis-statement which | inadver- tently, or rather on the authority of Prof. Robison, introduced into the Life of Dr. Black inserted in the Ency- clopedia Britan. in which you'are charged with claiming the discoveries of the latter concerning heat. The letter which I ad- dressed to one of those anonymous cor- respondents, and which I understand by the answer returned, has heen put into your hands, fully explains my views with regard to the circumstances and grounds of the mis+statement. By his desire, Inow give you full permission to publish that letter in any way you shall judge proper ; but only on this condition, that it shall be addressed to some respectable person. This was the only stipulation I required ef your friend, who still (unnecessarily I think) conceals his name. The letter is not written in such a way as it would ap- pear to the public to be addressed to yourself, aud I should not wish that it sliould' appear merely with myown name, If, however this should net be convenient, it o¢curs to me this moment, that it may have the title of “ addressed to a friend of M. de Luc ;” for as I have every wish to do ample justice to your character, for which I trust you will not think it flat- tery when I say, that I entertain the highest respect, L would not be scrupulous about the mode of making reparation for tr the unintended injury, ‘The Monthly Magazine, which has the most extensive circulation, might perhaps be a proper channel; and if you shall exs press a wish to that purpose, f would have it introduced in our Scot’s Magazine ; in which case it may be taken from the Monthly, which we see regularly, I have. the honor to be your most obedient hum- ble servant, James Mitrar, Note referred to in the Letler, extracted JSrom the Encyclop. Britan. vol, xiii. p. 706. “Tn again mentioning the name of a Philosopher so respectable as M. de Lue, we embrace the first opportunity of doing him justice, and of vindicating his cha- racter against an unfortunate misconcep~ tion of the Jate Prof. Robison; a mistake | which we have inadvertently contributed to disseminate by quoting Dr. Robison’s statement in our Account of Dr. Black, where M. de Luc is accused of having arrogated to himself Dr. Black’s discovery of latent heat. “M. de Luc’s vindication of himself in the 12th Number of the Edinburg Review is before the public. We owe it to can- dour and justice, to acknowledge our conviction, that Dr, Robison was too hasty in his assertion; and that M. de Luc, so far from arrogating to himself the doctrine of latent heat, has in various parts of his numerous writings expressly mentioned Dr. Black as the author of that doctrine. This will appear from the following citations. In his “ Intro< duction a la Physique terrestre,” p. 102, M. de Lue thus expresses himself: “ Ne connoissant point le feu latent dans la vapeur aqueuse, dont la premiére décou- verte est due au Dr. Black.” Again, p, 252 of the same work; “ Ce qui dévelop-, poit Pidée de chaleur latente, par laquelle le Dr. Black aooit designé ce phénoméne.” And at p. 385. “ Le Dr. Black ayant découvert qu'une certaine quantité de cha- leur dispafoissoit quand la vapeur de eau bouillante se forme, nomma ce. phé- noméene chaleur latente-dans la oapeur.”: We trust that these quotations, with M. de Luc’s own justification of ‘himself < above referred to, will be sufficient to:ex- culpate him from the charge of literury felony so warmly brought against him by Prof. Robison, and we have no doubt the Professor himself, were he still alive, © would, under such evidence, retract his accusation,” For r . 4 1808,] For the Monthly Magazine. MONUMENT 10 THOMSON. VUE first appearance of Tuomson, as the author of “* The Seasons,” was honoured with the distinguished attention of the most eminent literary and political characters of his age, and is now univer- sally acknowledzed to have formed an #ra in the Annals of Poetry. Destined to become the model of future descriptive poets, le at once formed a style peculiar- ly his own, and carried it to a degree of perfection hitherto unrivalled. Before the publication of ‘* The Seasons,” the description of natural objects, thongh it served the subordinate purposes of orna- ment and illustration, was scarcely thought _ capable of constituting the whete, or even the principal part of a long poem, It was reserved for THomson to shew to the world, what genius and taste like his can accomplish. With a mind capable of attending alike to what is vast, and to what is minute, he has traced in’ his *¢ Seasons,” (the earliest and noblest pro- duction of his Muse,) a progressive series of descriptions, as parts of the wonderful and interesting whole, formed by the an- nual vicissitudes of Nature. To the charms of poetic diction and picturesque imagery, this composition adds the more commanding graces of philosophic thought, and religious con- templation. By connecting the progress of arts and sciences, with the delineation of rural manners, and the description of external nature, as well as by his frequent allusions to characters and events in an- cient and modern history, Thomson has diversified his Poem in a manner equally new and delightful: while, by the sub- lime conceptions of the Author of Nature, which pervade his work, he has caused his descriptive poetry to rival the highest efforts of the Epic Muse. His ‘ Seasons” may as truly be said to be a religious as a descriptive: Poem; and, while ‘his de- votioaal sentiments ate in perfect unison with the subject of his work, being equal- ly remote from enthusiasm and super- Stition, they tend at once to elevate the mind, and to improve the heart. The sublime Hymn, which closes the Poem, and which may be regarded as bringing into one point of view, the wonders of Nature, and their great author, is a pro- duction of such transcendent merit, and so admirably calculated to awaken the noblest feelings of our nature, that had he never written another line, we should have conceived him to merit the gratitude aud admiration of posterity. Proposed Monument to Thomson the Poet. 5 Congenial with this devotional spirit, is the gentleness and benevolence with which his heart overflows towards man, and the whole animal creation, These qualities are so exquisitely interwoven, with every part of the Poem, as to give to, it the most tender interest in the minds, of readers of taste and sensibility ; ‘and, the concurring testimony of those who knew him, affords reason to believe, that, in this respect, the productions of the, Poet were a genuine transcript of the, character of the Man, Nor ought we to, omit to mention, as a striking excellence, in his dramatic and other poetical works, the spirit of manly independence which he inculcates, and, his ardent Zeal for the liberty and happiness of bis country, The reputation of THomson, as the au-. thor of ‘The Seasons,” has been found, to increase with the lapse of years. This fact, while it is the surest test of the truth, of that judgment which his contempora- ries formed of his merit, is also the best, pledge of the continuance of his fame. It cannot, therefore, be doubted, that his, works will form the most permanent me- morial of his genius, and that the poem, of ‘' The Seasons,” in particular, which. is founded on, the unfading beauties of. nature, will be read and admired so long as the language and literature of our country shall remain. It has been long a subject of regret to the admirers of the Poet, that no public monument has been consecrated to his memory in the vicinity of Epyam, his na- tive village: and, as “ The Seasons” con- tinues to be one of the most popular po- ems in the English language, after having. stood the test of criticism for the greater part of a century, this regret is still felt with undiminished force. The pleasure enjoyed by cultivated minds in visiting classical ground has often been remarked: and the glow of admiration is felt in its full force, when we approach the spot where the Hero, the Philosopher, or the Poet, first gpened his eyes to the light of heaven. Tuomson has himself expressed the influence of this association of ideas, when, near the, opening of his poem of “ Liberty,” de- scribing himself as contemplating the ruins of ancient Rome, he says, “¢ Musing I lay, warm from the sacred walke, Where at each step imagination burns.’* There is a more than ordinary foundatio for this feeling of the mind in the case o the descriptive Poet; for as it is his bu- siness to adorn with the cliarins of poetia » diction, ai wre on (nee): 6 Proposed Monument to T homson ¢ he Aug. 1, Several eminences in ‘tha nego ‘ diction the images borrowed from exter- } nal nature, and the sentiments connected with these, so it may well be supposed, that the characrer (as gay, picturesque, or snblime,) of those scenes whicli first at- tract his attention, may, in some measure, give their own colouring to his fancy, and regulate the current of his genius, Wile, therefore, we contemplate such scenes as these, and view in them the objects which first inspired the youthful Bard, we are more sensibly affected, than by a narration of his life, or even a perusal of his com- positions. When the mind is in a frame like this, how delivbtful is it to observe, that the memory of the Bard is preserved from oblivion amidst his native haunts, and that public sympathy is there pre- sented with an object to rivet its atten- tidn, and to command its respect ! We feel, therefore, peculiar satisfaction i announcing to the public, that a sub- scription is at length opened, for the pur- pose of erecting a Monument on some commanding situation in the immediate vicinity of Ednam. The accomplishment of this design, which has been contem- plated for several years by the Society of Gentlemen, who met annually at Ednam to celebrate the birth of the Poet, will now, it is hoped, proceed without further interruption or delay. But it is obvious, that to render a proper tribute of respect to his memory, cannot be expected to he the work of the limited circle of indivi- duals, who are either members of that Society, or whose residence happens to be in the neighbourhood of Iduam. These may indeed be expected to feel the ‘ warmest interest in the success of the plan, and to take the most active part in conducting it to its completion ; but the assistance of the Public is indispensably necessary. To the opulent inhabitants of Scotland, therefore, and to the friends of genius through the United Kingdom, they feel’ themselves obliged to apply for pecuniary aid; and, in doing so, they cherish a de- gtee of confidence in the success of their application, which naturally arises from their having observed, that the disceri- ing liberality of the public has, in this enlightened age and country, been pro- portioned to the occasions which have required its exercise. No specific plan for the Monument has yet been adopted, thongh several sketches have been made; uid it would indeed be premature to fix. upon any, till the amount of the sums subscribed may enable the Society to- proportion the undertaking to the meas of electing it. hood of Ednam command a prospect. richly diversified with nateral beauties, and would afford a most appropriate.situ= » ation for a Monument to the Poet of the *€ Seasons.” We have the satisfaction also of being assured, that more than one proprietor will most cheerfully set apart _ sucha portion of ground as may be re-— quisite for this purpose. The accom- plishment of the object may now there- tore be anticipated, in a manner, which may render it worthy of being associated with the name it is meant to honour, and of being regarded as a lasting memorial of the gratitude and respect of the British public, mS ¥ Lists of the Committee appointed to - conduct the business, and of the Sub- scriptions already received, are annexed ; and such additional information will, from time to time, be communicated as the public have aright to expect. The Names of Subscribers will be received at the Otfice of the Monthly Magazine, — No. 6, Bridge-street, London. Members of the Committee. Sir Alexander Don, Baronet; 7 Sir Henry Hay Macdougal, baronet ; Sir George Nouglas, baronet 5 George Baillie, esq. M. P.; Walter Scott, esq. Lieut--Col. Robertson ; George Waldie, esq. Hendersyde ; Robert Walker, esq. Wooden; = Dr. Douglas, Kelso ; ; Rev. Robert Lundie, Kelso, Secretary. Names of Subscribers, in the Order in which they have been received. George Waldie, esq. of Hender- u yaaoe ave (id ras Ae ates 10 10 0 Robert Walker, esq of Wooden & 5 O Robert Davidson, esq. of Pinna-2 , cheat’ bcuetis sien ig i. Fux Lieut.-Col. Robertson... . . ted Qi vB, 0 Oven James Potts, esq. KelsoBank -. 5° 5 0 Mr. Haldane, Broomlands....- Fiori Diy Trev. R. Lundie, MinisterofKelso 5 5 0 A. Thomson, Minister of Sprous- - ton, (now one of the Minis-@ 3 $3 O tersor Perth) ot : R. Robertsan, Minister of Ednam 2 2 0 John Waldie, esq. younger, of Hendersyde shoenagn sawn Su. 20 Mr. P. Robertson, Ednam. 2.2. peg GF James Douglas, M.D. Kelso.-.. 55 50 Sir James Pringle, baronet ----. 10 10 045 S# H. H. Macdouegal, baronet... 10 10 0+ Sir George Douglas, baronet..-. 1010 0, George Baillie, esq. of. Jerris- t wood, A ei ge! bt Walter ScGbeesdoiiainc «pears Pet a) Anarew Wilson, M.D.'Kelso -- 3 °3 0° Mr. James Ballantyne, Edinburgh 5 5 O Francis es 1808.) Popular No Francis C. Scott, esq. Rosebank 3 3 0 William Waite, esq. Castlelaw.. 5 5 O Thomas Mein, esq. Greenwells 5 ARTO John Seton Karr, esq. Kippilaw Si 3) 40 Mr. W. Riddell, Jedburgh .--. Li nds0 Mr. Alexander Ballantyne, Kelso 1 1 0 Sir William Forbes, baronet... 1010 0 Mr. John Ballantyne, Edinburgh 1 1 0 Dr. Brewster, Edinburgh..-.-- rTM apt 8 Sir Richard Phillips....------ "Tia: Ral a Sir Alexander Don, baronet.... 10 10 0 The Hon. Gilbert Hlliot,of Minto 10 10 0 Sa To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE public having experienced the happy effects which have resulted from the adoption of a popular Opinion, by Dr. Jenner; and it being a known and obvious Fact that neaily all great dis- coveries have been the result of accident, of random Experience, or of fortuitous observation, I conceive that I shail render an important and Acceptable Ser- vice to mankind, by inviting information relative to all vulgar or popular Remedies. With this view, I fornially address niy- self to the faculty in particular, and to your intelligent, inquisitive, and pub- lic-spirited readers of every description ; and shall be glad to have accounts of popular opinions aud received notions, relative to the Origin, Cause, Prevention, and Cure, of Diseases; and also of the composition of efficacious fainily Receipis and Nostrams which differ essentially in their ingrediewts from: the prescrip- tions of the materia nedica. j I am perfectly sensible that such re- medies and opinions must abound in nu- werous absurdities and in gross errors of every kind; yet amidst the mass, 1 do not fear but 1 shall find some Facts and Hints,which,whensubinitted to the ordeal of regular Science, and to the accurate Investigation of the Faculty, will reward me forany trouble, and prove of the highest service fo the human Race. I may indeed be able, by these means, to advance the art of Pliysic more within afew Months, than it could be improved in a Century, without drawing together such an aggregation of experience, - Fpr obvious reasvns, 1 request that y communication may be signed by the Name and Address of the writer, and authenticated by as many actual refer- ences as convement, Once in two or three months, with “the aid of some medical friends, [ wiil arrange the whole in a form suited to the public eye, and so as to occupy as small a portion of your valuable mus- Rape ee ee cay tions of Diseases hae ATSRA Ki Family Nostrums, Kc. . 4% cellany as possible. Perhaps in some, cases of consequence, you may be induced hereafter to atturd’ oppor- tunity to your correspoidents to dis- cuss the subjects of communication more at large, and thereby add to the stack of facts which I may be, able to accumulate. . y For the present, I shall assume the anonymous signature by which 1 have Jong been known to the readers of your miscellany, and shall request that) ali ‘communications may be feft for me at your office, No. 6, Bridge-street, Lon- don, free of postage, Yours, &c. London, ‘ Comper Sense. June 15, 1808. ™ N.B. have addressed a similar commu- nication tothe Gazette of the Faculty, well / known under the gitle of the Medical and Physical Journal, and shall avail myself of both works as uccasion may require. 4 a For the Monthly Magazine. REPORT of @ COMMITTEE of te BOARD of AGRICULTURE, relative to the WASTE LANDS of the KINGDOM. T would certainly have been extreme- ly desirable, had it been in the pow- er of your commitiee to have furnished the Board with an exact statement of the extent of waste lands in the kingdom: that, however, could not be effected, without-an expence to which the funda, » of the Board were totally inadequate. It is a subject, however, which is well entitled to the consideration of Parliaz ment, whether a survey of them ought not to be. made, either at the public ex- pence, or at the charge of those to whom the property of such wastes belongs. In the interim, a general, though not an ac- curate idea of their magnitude and ex- tent, will be given in the following state- ment, partly founded on the. reports transmitted to the Board by its different surveyors; partly on calculations made from the county maps, where they have: distinguished the waste from the culti-- vated land; and pardy, where both these sources of information failed, from such other means of ascertaining. their extent, as your committee could have access to. it may be necessary, however, to pre- mise, that under the general namie of waste lands, your committee compre- hend not only commons, where there is an intermixture of property, but also such lands as lie open, uncultivated, and, unenclosed, yielding nothing but coarse and common herbage, heath, furze, and 1 “ a other ) 4 r : As ee - “— oy. 8 Quantity of Waste Lands in Great Britain. [Aug. 1, other productions of little value, though _ as early as possible, some general idea of No right of commons has ever been exer- the total extent of the unproductive lands cised thereon. It was impossible for in the kingdom, reserving it for future your committee to distinguish the one inguiry to ascertain the distinctions be= from the other: and they naturally ima. tween them. gined, that the Board might wish to form, General View of the Quantity of Waste Layvs in the Kincpom of Great Britatn. I. ENGLAND Number of Acres. County. Statement, on what founded Distinction of Lands. Bedford* ....-..|County Report, p. 11 -..-]Commons and, waste lands . . Berks 2 gemcw. A DIttosip. BN < wwe bee od Forests and commons .....- 40,000 Biches: Pome, oats Dittopepe BZ, care ale ie « 5] WV ASEGEE Neate ae ate ails O10 6,000 Cambridge ...... DILEOs N21 9G mm mere wees Wastes and commons ...... 185,300 Wastes, including peat, Chester ......-. Ditta,p. Bd. --e SOE is: Sg Palin ge te t 60,000 . 8 Wastes, including f Cornwall 50... [Ditto, p..56, 57 22 5-..- f Crofts, &e. + a " nae t 505,655 Cumberland ..... Buttoy py G4). «cite k ote u Wastes and commons .....- 492,000 Wastes, and not employed ; betnaad.0. Sp. Witte; (pS. 2. ui cts. } in husbandry, one-third t 239,492]. OF CHE COUNEY ees. ooo DEVOm tee ees 2S FLIECO; P65. =. csee oa~': Rta ae “ja POON Sees s.cte ne TOME Os Ped ai ae, wx sn ailnle Waste larids. 225 oRb oo ste 86,000 Wathen. 22... POS py SO are 2 = wane ee Waste lands, about ...... 130,000 Essex. .......- { cae fromthe coun- t Waste lands and forests .. } 27,695 Gloucester ..-- -- County map ........../Wastes and forests........ 28,500 Ce ae a Reports Pe S212 Waste lands and forests f 188,65 7 9) Fh Ss oped fee ee Hereford ....--|County Report, p. 27 WASte, Onde Me a hid ss 6 nine 20,000 cy? a Maree ae 2 ne aie alae = WWSUCE fe ein sitll anata, whee a 4,500 Hunts .-....--]General information. ....|Wastes, including fens 1... 20,700 Kentt os<<.%-..JConnty map), ....en=0-- Wastes and commons.....- 12,220 Lancastert,......'- County Report, p. 52 Wastes, moors, and marshes 108,500 Leicester -.. .8.: BEC Ds AG | » seyeiess a mee Waste lands .. 20... < awed 20,000 ‘ ~~ Commons, wastes, and un- Daim betes ce AD tOy p, 112 5 os one acd ceabestieatae eile lied \ 200,000 Middlesex .....- } Calculated: ftom. the Commons and heath. ...- i 13,080 county map .....- J : Monmouth .-... - General information ..../One-fourth waste. ....... F 67,520 Norfolk .....-.. County Report, p. 5,13 |Wastes, including warrens - . 143,346 Northampton .... |General information. ....|Commons and fens.....-.. 45,000 . Wastes and mountainous Northumberland... |County Report, p. 7 -.-- Sarncs See oe Wotts’: 225..0222- Calculated from. the t Waste lands and forests... Sf Unenclosed land, one-third Rutland .-....--/County Report we Lie 50,000 L. of the county ..-..... Saas + 2- <8 }From the county map... -]Wastes and commons ....- - 151,612 peiesict Gain iae County. Report, p. 22 { ban commons, ae t 100,000 * The common fields and meadows, the commons and waste lands, of the county of Bed- ford, are stated by the surveyor at 217,000 acres; of which, it is supposed, one-half is waste or common, + By the County Report, since printed, 20,000. ‘ } The quantity of waste land in the printed copy of the Report of Lancasbire ought to be akered to 108,500 acres. Stafford =e SS . m4 il Me edt ‘ West ditto Bute, and the rest Caithness Statement, on what founded. County Report, p. 22 Ditto, p 19 Ditto, p. & ‘ General information County Report, p. 17 General information County Report, p. 140 Ditto, p. 140 : ‘Bast Riding ‘North ditto Total wastes and commons in England... . Il. County. County Report Ditto, p. 39 Ditto, p. 30 Ditto, p. 21 General information Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto County Report, p. 12 Ditto, p. 21 Ditto, p. 16 Anglesea Brecknock ° Cardigan Carmarthen Caernarvon Merionethshire Montgomery © Pembroke Radnor County. |Statement, on what foundec if »jCounty Report, p. 127 General information Ditto Ditto : County Report, p. 19 {Hebrides Rep. p» 60 County Report of the Hebrides* * Exclusive of 1000 square miles, or 640,000 acres, of rock and sand. c Monrury Mag. No, 174. Quantity of Waste Land in Great Britain. Statement, on what founded. II. SCOTLAND. ‘ * kHDel JS D stinction of Lands. deres. Waste lands, &c. Waste lands Commons and wastes Wasies and commons Wastes an. commons Three fourths of the coun ty uncuitivated land Wastes and downs Waste lands 141,760 100,000 96,000, 90,000 120,000) i Wastes and commons Wastes and commons Wastes and commons aa 6,259,671 WALES, » Number of Distinction of Lands. Acres. Wastes and commons Ditto Ditto Ditto 1-34 of the county waste 1-4th of the county waste i-4th waste 1-4th waste 1-3d waste Wastes and commons Ditto Ditto Total in Wales...- & 1,629,307 ae 5s Lumber of Distinction of Lands. | Acres. (Inimproved lands ' | 374,400 Me dacs and a ft 787,735 istricts vioorish waste 218,451 Wastes and hills 290,000) Vioor, moss, Sc. 126,000 2,880,/ 00 368,000 Moors, wastes, é&c. Wastes and commons Clycesdale aa. 1 ME has UE A Seth ad Ht tay ya Raid Nwnber of Acres in England. 40 [Aug. 1, : a Distinction of Lands. Statement, on what founded Clydesdale County Report, p. 71 Moors, &c. 250,006 Cla¢kmanan General information Wastes and moors 95,006 Dumbarton Ditto Wastes 164,266 Durhfries Ditto Wastes and commons 200,000 Elgin Ditto. Ditto 850,00( Fife County Report, p. 4 Gill, moss, éc. 64,00 Forfar Ditto, p, 1 Nastesy in English acres 71,872 Inverness General information 5-6ths waste 4,694,936 Kinross Ditto Wastes 25,000 Kirkcudbright Galloway Report, p. 1 2-3ds waste, in English acres 366,734 EASt wos General intormation Wastes 55,006 West i Lothian } gas Report, p. 5 Ditto, in English acres 14,356 Mid Ditto, p. 7 {-Sd waste 76,800 earns General information Wastes and commons 164,266 Nairn Ditto Ditto 10,000 Orkney Ditto Ditto 700,000 erth. Ditto 5-6ths waste* 1,321,600 Renfrew Ditto 1 6th ditto 94,585 Ross and Cromarty Ditto 5-6ths ditto 1,480,000 Roxburgh County Report, p. 58 Heath and hill pasture 250,000 Selkirk Ditto, p. 15 Ditto, in English acres 145,000 Stirling General information Wastes and commons 120,000 Sutherland Ditto 5-6ths waste 1,252,006 Tweedale County Report, p. 1 Wastes, in English acres 169,560 Wigton Galloway Report, p. 1 Moorlands, ditto 198,934 Total in Scotland... . 14,218,294 The following will be the total amount of waste lands in the united kingdom :— Acres. In England aves eeceeces cae evens 7 oO 6,259,470 ial emis. bake ct sc pe. mers t 7,888,777 ] 1,629,307 Scoglandje® s!ssehate oe Sate itn se almale cree waoe 14,218,294 22,107,004 Acresin the Counties of England and Wales, as detuiled in the Returns to Parliament of the Poor-rates, drawn up under the Inspecti m of the Right Hoa. Grorse Ross. a Board of Agri Mr. Rose. Board of Agri- Mr. Rose. culture. culture, Bedford 307,200 275,200. Northampton 550,000 617,600 Berks - 438,977 476,160. Northumberland 1,267,200} 1,157,760 Bucks 518,100] 478,720 Notts 480,000} 495,360 ee a 445,300 439,040 Oxford 450,000 474,880 Chester 676,000 650,880 Rutland 105,000 128,000 Cornwall — 758,484] 900,480 Salop 890,000] 897,920 Cumberland 970,240 958,080 Somerset 1,000,000 991,360 Derby 720,640 689280 Southampton 1,212,000} ~~ 981,120 Devon" -"}--1, 600,000] 1,592,320 | Stafford 780,800) ~~765,440 Dorset _ 775,000 722,560 Suffolk 800,000) 1,002,240 Darham 610,080 665,600 Surrey a 947| ~ 519,040 Essex — 1,240,000} 976,000 Sussex 933,360| _ 935,040 Gloucester 800,000 718,080 Warwick 618,000 629,760. Hereford 781,440 621,440 Westmoreland 540,160 462,080 Hertford 451,000 385,250 Wilts 878,000 821,120 Hunts: 210,000) 290,800 - Worcester 540,000 431,360 - Kent 832,000} 935,680 York, East Riding 819,000 811,520 Lancaster 1,120,600] 1,555,840 « North Riding | 1,511,187) 1,551,680 Leicester 560,000} = 522,240 West Riding | 1,568,000) 1 7685, 120 Lincoln 1,893,120) 1,183,680 Wales 4,705,400} 5,200,000 Middlesex 217,600) 190,080 ——— — a Monmouth -. - - 852,000} 330,240 viel -Detal: 37,909,455] 37,334,400 Norfolk 1,094,4001 1,288,320 Reports to the Reports te the TER There must bean errorhere, Total of the county, 4,068,640 3 5-Gths of this wane Be 3,390,530. . Bi ye Ver.) ee Ae 4 b . 1808.] _ Yo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. , STR : : T has sometimes been a matter of ‘ doubt with me, whether animal food is natural togman, or whether originally esigned by nature for his subsistence; and there are three questions on this subject, which 1 submit to the conside- ration of your numerous readers$ some of whom will, perhaps, have the gooduess to furnish me with satisfactory answers, rink why in the early part of life an unequivocal preference is always given to fruit, vegetables, &c. Secondly, why maukind should tecl a repugnance either to kill themselves, or to see killed, those animals of whichthey partake; especially as this repugnance is not known to exist among any of the carnivorous animals? Vhirdly, why animal food is not eaten in @ raw state, (if natural to man,) without its undergoing the disguise by roasting, boiling, seasoning, &c. which quite de- stroys and changes the original taste and paabty? Your’s, &c, ~ Woburn. leg pin FO, To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, \ His office of correcting errors is an . unthankful office, but whilst I con- sider the value of truth, and the injury of false impressions, 1 trust you will not spurn my attempt to set you right, Since your Commercial Report was written, ({ suppose) we have had an ar- rival of about two hundred bales of silk from Italy, via Holland. You observe the quantity cf silk consumed in this country is 11,460 bales; you likewise ob- ‘serve the silk if the market from India, is only 4793 bales, which you deduct from 11460, and state the deficiency at 6667 bales. Lsuppose you are not infor- med that the Italian bales weigh from 200 pounds ta 250 pounds per bale, and the Indian only from 100 pounds to ~ 140 pounds; thus it appears to me you would have made an error by calculating » per/bale, instead of per pounds: for, sup- posing we consume the half of the 11,460 i. iba Italy, (I do not know the exact quantityyat 200 pounds per bale, ~ it will be 1,146,000 pounds, the other in — Indian, at 100 pounds per bale, will be _ 573,000 pounds: total 1,719,000 pounds, To supply this, you state silk in the mar- ket from India is only 4793 bales, or 479,300 pounds, deficiency in pounds 1,239,700, or bales weight of Italian silk, 6198. Perhaps f may not be quite cor- ‘rect, for want of knowing the quantity _ of Italian, and Indian consumed; but it Md 7 _ - Animal Food—State of the Silk Trade. 11 ‘will, I trust, appear to you, that reck- oning all silk at one weight per bale must produce a false calculation, I apprehend that the Act of Parlia- ment will chiefly be of avail by allowing the importation of the coatser sorts of Organzine, which was before prohibited. Icis to be hoped, however, that a sufli- cient supply will find its way hither, notwithstanding the decree of Buona- parte to prevent it.- The late arrival, I am told, was effected by the ports being open to export butter from Holland, and a douceur to the amount of 6000 gui- neas, being paid, before a skein was shipped. If there were a consumptton for slik goods, which Iam very sorry is not ihe case—trade never was worse ! —-we should before now have been en- tirely at a stand for want of the raw material, and this small importation would not last one month. ; There appears to be another error in the same Number, vol. xxiv. p. 517; for I cannot perceive how Callowden ean be 148 miles from London, There is the re- mains of an old building which formerly had a moat round it at Callowden, just two and three quarters miles east from this city; but fram the bye roads into the London road, I much question if there is any difference between London and Coventry, or London and Callow=- den, viz. ninety-one measured miles. ‘ Wishing these observations may be of use to you, | am, Your's, &e. A Risron Manuracrurer Coventry, Fuly 18, 1808. aa ‘ ‘or the Monthly Megazine. On the iieories of MR. MALTHUS and DR. JARROLD, On the PRINCIPLE of" | POPULATION. at being to Europe as a new country, and one which little more. than two centuries ago she commenced the re-peopling of, presents to the phi- losopher and the economist many facts, which could notbeso distinctly contein- plated in Europe. Mr. Malthus has very judiciously taken advantage of this cir- cumstance, and has founded. his theory of the principle of population on a fact drawn from this source. The tact I allude to is one which is mentioned by Dr. Franklin, and is unquestionably true. It is this: In America, the population for several successive periods, exclusive of emigrants, has doubled itself in twenty- five years : now it stems but fair,to infer, cand Mr. M]. does infer it, that what ac- tually did take place in America, is the ratio of the increase of the human race, 89 ” so thatein every part of the globe a dou- bling in twenty-five years ought to take place. Supposing this to be accomplished, @ question naturally arises, how are the means of stibsistence to be provided? The increase of population is geometrical, if there are mulligghgipeonie to day, in twenty-five years there will be four, in twenty-five years more there will be eight, so that in two hundred years, two millions will increase to five hundred and sixteen. It is absolutely impossible that an increase in the means of subsis- tence should go on at the same rate, but lowing that by breaking up fresh land, nd by such an improvement in the sys- tem of agriculture, that even the desert shall be made to reward the husband- man, yet the periud must come, when the remotest corner shall be cultivated, and the whole produce no more than suflicient for the existing population. An- other. double, and the world is too full, the means of subsistence for only one half can be obtained, of course the other half must die of want. Such Mr. M. con- cludes is the necessary consequence of the natural increase of the human race: but this increase is checked; one person dies before his natural term of life, by war; another by famine, another by pes+ tilence; a fourth lives in celibacy, a fifth cuts his life short by excess ; and thus by vice, misery, and moral restraint, the po- pulation is kept down to the level of sub- sistence. Such are the, laws of nature, that a nation has one of two alternatives, either to suffer from war, pestilence, or famine, or for a considerable portion of its population to live in celibacy. I have here given a fair representation of a theory which Mr. Malthus professes, and which many otver philosophers believe to bewnanswerable. There are some, however, of a contrary oj isin; the fore- most me is. Dr. Jarrold, This gen- tleman, in his answer to Mr. Malthus, is of opinion, that Mr. M. formed a the- ory, and then endeavoured to bend the history of mankind to itssupport: in doing which, he says, Mr. M. brought forward many facts which are in direct opposition to it; for instance, Mr. M. hus taken the rate of increase in america, as the na- tural rate for the whole world: but unfer tunately for his theory, he proves as a leading fact, that the number of childreit born to a marriage, are not the same on, an average in any two considerable na- tions ; the Indians in America and else- ‘ where, have not so many as three, while ‘the Scotch have more than six. If the pe Ties number of children to a marriage be not equal, it is impossible that two nations should multiply at the same rate. Again, Mr. M. contends, that population inva- riably increases where the geaus of sub- sistence increase. iow is it then, says Dr. J. that some countries for ages ex- ported corn, and yet the population has remained stationary; how is it that the Chinese have not increased? Dr. J. having pursued Mr. M. step by tep, at length advances a theory of his | says, that population is not regulated by the quantity of corn, but by the state of civilwation ; no enlightened or enterpri- sing people has, at any time gpepilly increased, neither has any people sunk in barbarism, Freedom from care is es- sential to a rapid increase of population ; the influence of the mind upon the body, ~ as it respects the capacity of propaga- tion, is the sum of Dr. J’s. theory, which he exemplifies hy a variety of evidence. Such are the two theories,the one frowns in blackness, dragging vice and misery in its train; the other smiles upop man, aia bids him be happy: but which theory is true? The question is important to the politician, and the moralist. Any observa- tions will greatly oblige, at least a pare of your readers, Your's, &c. ~ Juntus. For the Monthly Magazine. | ACCOUNT OF PROPESSOR DAVY GRAND GALVANIC BATTERY, With an Engraving. x HIE galvanic troughs which compose this battery are arranged round SOME . * + a 12 ‘" Mr. Malthus and Dr. Jarrolt, on Population. [Avg. ty # 1 five tables, which are too saith “4 a shewn in the engraving to require any letters of reference; the trough @ is the ~ first of the positive end of the battery, the wire a coming from it, conveys the efreet of all the battery to the place where the experiments are made, which is in the clear space upon the centre table, the next trough is 6 connected with a, by means of apiece of thin sheet ~~ lead y; the troughs then follow round the tables in the order of the Tetters. of reference, cde fghikimno pqrst w, each being connected with the ad- jacent one by a piece ot lead y, until we artive at ¢ and 0, where two troughs cor~ © responding with @ and 6, are placed in the middle of the tables, the trough v is the first of the negative, and has a cop- per wire w proceeding from it, which is wrapped round the end of a small probe of platina; the positive wire 2 is con- nected with a small platina dish or sau- cer; the piece of potash which is to be 4 decomposed, ge? it 7 ay , e Pia a % “ , a ‘a rs ” 4 . ** Professor Davy’s vat | } by which fi ~¥ Profe ssor Day's PANES ANIC APPARATUS were Royal Institution, by whic he lus ettected the decomposition of the Mhalies. a _\ et ® Dibbished Aug? Lod, by RIN ips Deidipe Servet, Blacktrinrs, Lowskon. ul ig ad ns thirty-six square inches. unber. ce str, ~ hand Ura a ge i ae decomposed, is placed in this dish, and being touched by the platina probe, it Feceives the shock of the whole battery, and very quickly the metalloid begins to _ Appear upon the disb¥in small globules, - exactly similar in appearance to mercury. ne of the troughs is shewn on a larger Seale at 6 ; it is a mahogany box twenty- two inches long, and five and a_ half _ within side: it has a number of grooves r fi one of the cells, formed be- in the plates and the next; in putting lates together they must be arranged, © be alternately zinc and copper, that 5, t ve zinc side of one plate opposite the ‘copper side of the next. The troughs have _ €ach two pieces of glass tube stuck upon the bottom of the trough, as shewn at d to support it; hy this means the troughs are | asiilated, ‘so that the galvanic fluid nnot escape to the earth when the bat- is in use. The cells betwecn the tes are filled with sulphuric acid, di- duted with water, and in order to connect the effect of two or more troughs together, _two plates similar to z are joined to- gether by a thin piece of sheet lead, ‘sol dered to both ; one of the plates z is ‘cor per, the other zinc. One of the plates “is put into the last cell of each trough, and the lead conveys the electric flu.d ) From one trough to the other; as the lead ty “vlan bent, the trough can be set own without’ any particular regard to position, and the Jead bent to reach into them both. There are twenty troughs with twenty-five plates in each, making ay Hi hundred plates; the superficies of each _ plate exposed to the action of the acid, For particulars of the late important d. ighly interesting experiments und iscoveries of Professor Davy, see our last he Editor of the Monthly Magazine. a Lk. Newton, in his Life of Milton, mentions a copy of Bentley’s Mil- which had belonged to Pope, and hich Pope had all along, in his own set some mark of approbation, r &, ben’, pulchré, &c. in the margin, er against such emendations of the octor’s, as seemed to him just and rea- “sonable. “It was,” Dr. Newton says, satisfaction to see what so great a 08.]. Galvanic Battery.—Pope’s Copy.of Bentley's Milion. 13 ‘ genius thought, particularly of that edie tion;” and no doubt I shail not at this day stand single in wishing’ to enjoy such asatisfaction. My question is, in whose possession is this book? It is not with Pope’s mauuseripts in the British Museums When Dr. Newton wrote, Mr. Warbur« ton had it; it was he who lentit tothe editor, My next inquiry relates to the contract made by Milton with Samuel Simmons the printer for the copy of the Paradise Lost. Tt was dated April 27, 1667, and was inthe possessionot Jacob Vonson, This Dr. News ton informs us, and further that Milton's receipt for the first 51. instalinent, dated April the 26th, 1669, was then“ still im being.” -Are either, [ would ask of these original documents still existing? and if so, where may curiosity be gratified by the inspection of them? I have stated my queries as concisely as I could, and yet fear that [ have encroached more than my subject warrants. Your's; &c. London, J. M. July 11, 1808. i For the Monthly Magazine. DISCUSSION in FAVOUR of LIBERTY Of CONSCIENCE. By the REV. CHRISTOPUER WYVILL. T is evident that a favourable impres- sion has been made on the publi¢ inind, by the jate debates in parliament on the claims of the Lrish Catholics. To the old and well-known arguments for concession, drawn from the po. licy of conciliation, and from the increased liberality of the times, new force has been added by the weighty character, the probity, the wisdom and diberality of Mr, Ponsonby, and by the genius and eloquence and especially by the mode- rauion of Mr. Grattan, so signaliy dis- pluyed in the House of Commons; and not less powerfully, perhaps, were those arguments reinforced in the upper house of parliament, by the vigorous and con. prehensive reasoning of Lord Grenville, and by the nuld but dignified conduct ef the Bishop of Norwich, whose wisdom and truly Christian spirit of candour and penengence have done bonour to the mi- tre. Yet, from the terms of the petition then before the two houses, the advocates for concession, if not precluded virtually from touching on the right of al! men te enjoy perfect liberty of conscience, were naturally led to be sparing of arguments drawn from that right, and to press their point chiefly, if not entirely, on princi ples of Jess extent, ‘Lhis was natural, and 14 and almost unavoidable, on that occa- sion: and the good effect of the pru- dence and caution manifested in that in- stance is, as it ought to be, most gratefully acknowledged even by those persons, whose ideas of duty oblige them to main- tain that every species of intolerance is @ criminal interference in the province of God; and that all laws whatever en- eroaching on that unalienable right, ought to be removed without delay from our statute-book; in which at present they stand the disgrace of our legislature, and in a more eminent degree the reproach of our superior churchmen. But will it be prudent to dissemble with ourselves, and to deny what appears evidently true, that more than by all the wisdom of Mr. Ponsonby, the genius of Mr. Grattan, the comprehensive reason- ing of Lord Grenville, and the singula- rily virtuous conduct and affecting address of Bishop Bathurst, fresh force was added to the usual pleas for toleration, by the fearful state of Ireland, and the general danger of the empire? IJnsuch a stateof Jreland and the empire, have we not reason to fear ultimate disappointment, unless the aid of other and more power- ‘ful arguments than have yet been insisted on, shatl be called in, when we consider the great majority of the peers, and the still greater majority in the Commons House of Parliament, who could bring ‘themselves to refuse any concession whatever to four millions of aggrieved fellow-subjects, whose just complaint at such acrisis was thus powerlully supported by the most signal exertions of eloquence and wisdo Would not a peace with France, on other accounts the most aux- lous wish of every good man, at once an- nibilateall hope of obtaining further con- cessions of religious freedom, or at least remove the hope of coinpletely destroy- ing intolerance to an immeasurable dis- tance? Considering therefore the cause of re- ligious liberty to have been much ad- vanced by the late debates, but seeing reason to fear final disappointment from the event ofa peace, and from other con- tingencies, which may be foreseen and are noteven improbable, ought not the friends of religious liberty to seize the fae - vourable opportunity now offered by the circumstances of the country to extend the field of discussion, and to re-inforce the arguments which seem calculated ‘only to obtain, from the prudence or the humane feelings of the legislature some sinall and partial boon, by representing e oii, had, " the grand considegitions of religious duty; by which, when clearly stated, every at- tempt to bias men in the choice of their religion, whether by terror, or by sordid motives of emolument, must be con- demned?. And as it isthe acknowledged duty of all men diligently to examine the doctrines of religion, and openly to pro- fess what may appear to them to be the truth, it surely ought to be considered a hopeless and impracticable enterprise to which they are invited; neither could their conduct be justly construed es en- gaging in a mode of argument disrepect- ful to our parliament, should they pro- ceed still further to state with all becom- ing deference that from such premises the just consequence is, that it is thelduey of the legislature to repeal every law hy which the misguided zeal of former ages, has infringed that most sacred right to the free choice and free profession of reli- gion; thisis the ground on which, sooner or later, Christian liberty will be restored; and on any narrower principles it were unreasonable to expect it. And never inay the advocates of this imestimable right, in this country, hope to find a fitter occasion than the present, for entering into this most arduous, but necessary, controversy ! Already a small but truly respectable band of persons have declared their ap= probation of the proposed attempt, and — testified their adherence to the princi- ples on which it will be conducted. To more, the plan has been communicated; and by them it has been very generally approved, though they have not yet borne that testimony in its favour which has been given by others. They who have at this early period thus generously stood forward with the proposer of this attempt, are members of our established chureh ; and such is he also himself. Among them one exception alone is known; one dissenter* only from the church” has sizued the paper alluded to, whom for his own ereat character, and that of his ve- nerable father-in-law+, it was their ho- nour to admit among them, And ‘he, who now stands before the nation, to in-' vite the truly liberal Christians of every sect and denomimation to contribute their assistance, does it, he trusts, with all due deference and respect for the opinion of the public: but he does it fearlessly, and with perfect satisfaction of * The Rev. Dr. Disney. : ®;, + The Rev. Archdeacon Blackburne. — # mind, . ~ eee. ae ae Discussion in favour of Liberty of Conscienee. [Aug. ne ‘ a, Oe at al Le mS - mind, because he is conscious he is act- ing on the best principles of our holy re- ligion. ‘ney are the principles so nobly maintained by Hoadly, Clarke, and Locke; they are the principles on which alone Protestants can justify their sepa~ + yation from the church of Rome; on which alone Christianity can accomplish the gracivus purpose of its divine author, can become the religion of the. world, and the source of continual. ,improve- ment in virtue and happiness to all man- kind, _ To the liberal, among their brethren ef the established’ church, he and his friends look with confidence for their con- currence; end in whatever proportion they may be found to give it, their assist- ance will be highly valued; their con- ~ duct will be marked by the generosity _ which prompts them to extend that redyess _ to others, which they want not for thein- selves; and it will at least be creditable tothe church, whose members, in any considerable number, manifest this truly > Chistian spirit. ‘Yo the numerous class of Catholics, and the almost equally nu- erous sects of Protestants who differ - from our church, they look with not less _ confidence for their approbation and cor- dial co-operation: and, thns supported, they trust, their plea for unlimited tole- ration will not be offered to parliament in vain, in the succeeding session. _ And since nothing which can tend to promote the acquisition of religious free- m ought to be deemed an unimportant » matter, or unworthy of attention by per- ‘sons of competent ability and of honest Beal Yor the restoration of that invaluable right, let it be considered, whether it would, or would not, be advantageous to . this best of causes, if the subject were to receive amore extended discussion than as yet been given it, in papers which are widely circulated through the country, “In magazines, &c. Numerous classes of “the pevple most liable to be prejudiced Against every measure for restoriny the ts of conscience, would thus find that information which they want, and would be prepared to maintain against the arts _ and efforts of intolerant men, the justice * ang piety as well as the policy and hu- — Manity of repealing every law which re- ains or discourages the free exercise of n in matters of religion, till at Tast what all men feel would be owned by all, that religion is every man’s grand con- ern, and ought to be eft to his free aud ssed choice, And hence parlia- ae ‘ 1808.] “Discussion in favour of Liberty of Conscience. 15; ments also would feel that they have ex- ceeded their just power when they have attempted to terrily men by any punish- ment, or to seduce them by any emolu- ment held forth by the laws, as induce~ ments to prevaricate and to stifle the de- cisions of their conscience in the choice and profession of religion. And when these most salutary impressions shalt have been made on the mind of the pub- lic and of the parliament, then, and not ull then, shall we behold the rights of consciencewwillingly restored to all men, and the spread of rational religion pro- moted by the free exercise uf reason ; then, andnottiil then, will hypocrisy and the false zeal of bigotry and fanaticissa be effectually beaten down by the pre- valence of the true gospel spirit of can- dour, sincerity, and benevolence. But it must not be expected that this will be found an easy task, or that much can be done towards its accomplishment in # short time, and by a few short letters or essays, however forcibly they may be written, The contest will undoubtedly be long andarduous ; and it is much to be feared that no cogency of argument will convince the bigots of intolerance that they are wrong; and not less to be feared perhaps that no degree of unildness aud candour in the whole course and conduct of the intended discussion, on the part of those who may maintain the cause of universal toleration, will prevent those caiumnious | misrepresentatkyns, — those bursts of rage and rancour which in simi- lar disputes have been before experienced froin the advocates of intolerance. Un- der circumstances of such extreme diii- , culty, the writer trusts it may be allowed toa man aged asheis, and not altogether unexperienced in debates, sometimes re= specting civil affairs, and sometunes re- specting these also which concern reli+ gious liberty, to suggest his counsel to per- sons younger, and far abler than himself to bear a part in the projected contro- versy. What he would most earnestly represent to them is, that they must be temperate, or they will do more harm than good; that they must persevere, or better would it be that they should not begin; they never must forget that the weapons they have to fight with are those furnished by reason and the gospel 3” and it will be their first duty so to press their antagonists in the true spirit of re- Jigion, that Th the course of their dispute not a word, if possible, may escape them, which prudence would wish to recall, or . . benevolence M0) by. —_ - s - . oak ee i ee De) es 16 Experiments with the Leaves and Prunings of the Vine. Aug. 14 benevolence would disown. The times are truly critical; perils on every side surround us; but fortunately for the friends of toleration the danger of a revo- tution so insidiously insisted on before by a late great and inconsistent minister, as the sufficient reason for our acquiescence* in measures destructive to national liberty, cannot be apprehended now by the most timid, as a consequence likely to result from their virtuous endeavours in favour of the rights of conscience. Whatever danger may justly be apprehended to arise in the prosecution of this discussion lies allon the side of jntolerance. If the clamours of bigots and the calumnies of corrupt politicians should too long pre- vail over the pleas of sound poucy and humanity, and against the Christian rule of justice, to do to others as we would that others should do to us, then indeed Jet the fawning sycophants of power, who support that injustice which they con- demn, look with fearful apprehension to Treland; for therethey will have much to dread ; then let this misguided nation tremble at the near approach of that re- volution, which may with reason be ex- pected to explode from the rage of dis- appointed millions. May God in his mercy avert those dreaded eviis: may his providence ordain that far better, far’ wiser dispositions shall be found to influ- ence, before it be too late, those who go- vern and those who are governed; and may that conduct which is calculated to conciliate our exasperated brethren, to secure this widely extended empire from internal convulsions and from forgign sub- jJugation, and at last to establish Chris- tian peace, benevolence, and liberty. for ever among us, be the happy result of those better and wiser dispositions. But should the event prove far otherwise; should every attempt to promote the be- nign disposition of the gospel too long prove unsuccesstul, should repeated dis- appointments and repeated insults at last goad the Irish to desperation and mad- ness, and should confusion be the unhappy consequence in their part of the empire ; in that situation of extreme peril and dis- tress, it would be the utmost con- solation to the early declared friends of unlimited liberty of conscience to reflegt, that their conduct as churchmen engaged * The laws alluded to were not acquiesced ry . ot in by the nation; by the minister, at that time, they were suffered to expire; and it may be hoped that sweh measures will not again be resorted to. in the support of that cause had been uniformly marked by a truly Christian spirit; by tbe constant candour of their controversia) writings; and by their im- partial endeavour that justice might be done to all who differ from the religion of the state. And should their virtuous ef+ forts be assisted in the course of this dis- cussion by any considerable proportion of those persons who adhere with them tu that religion, the generous zeal of chnrchmen hike themselves co-operating with them to diffuse the true principles of gospel benevolence and Christian li- berty, would afford to tKeir then-distracted country the best or only ground of hope, that wiser counsels and a happier tem~ per might even then prevail; that the impending revolution, and dismember- ment of Treland, with their inseparable train of crimes and calamities, might even then be averted by a perfect reconcilia- tion with their Irish brethren. a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, Y the last Number of your Maga- zine, | find that Mr. Hall has made a number of experiments respecting the prunings of the vine, and the economi- cal purposes to which they may be ap- plied. Iwas just about to prune mine, when your highly useful Miscellany ar- rived; and having for these eight days past tried a variety of experiments, I be- lieve there is a good deal of truth in what Mr. Hall says. Indeed, as the idea is sa natural, [am surprised that the discovery ~ was not made sooner. The flavour of the tea of the vine Jeaves is, however, to some, I find, not quite agreeable: but flavour, it is well known, is, in ninety- nine instances out of a hundred, alto- gether an acquired idea. Your readers . will find that rather more than «an ordi- nary quantity of sugar is necessary to tea made of the vine-leaves; and thatit is a high improvement to put sugar among the juice of the bruised prunings, whe- ther it be intended as a substitute for beer, or for distillation, The sugar tends much to correct the natural acidity of the juice proceeding both from the leaves and the whole prunings. The juicey I easily see, will make excellent vinegar, without the least mixture of any other ingredient. Several of my acquaintances are also trying experiments. I would have sent my name in full, but that the excise officers, some of whom know little more of*politeness, and the laws of their country, than a cow does about coining a . shilling, hd r . 7 1808.] Glaziers not subject to Gout. Political Romances. shilling, might give me trouble in the course of my experiments with my still, though it does not exceed a gallon. AsI mean to continue my experiments, partly on Mr. Haill’s plan, you will, perhaps, hear from me again. In the mean time TI remain, Sir, Your's, &c. Hammersmith, James ManesHatt. July 9, 1808. Ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, f HEN Iread, in your Magazine for May, the enquiry of your Correspondent “ Sitwell Sitwell,” re- specting the glaziers being in general sub- ject to the gout, it appeared to me that the information he had received upon that subject was not correct; and that glaziers (as such) were not more troubled with that complaint than others. To give him the best information in my power, from whence to draw his own conclusions, I copied from my ledger the names of one hundred and twenty-one persons of that business, in the counties of Warwick, Worcester, Stafford, and Leicester, with whom I ain personally ac- quainted; and the greater part of which number I have (in the course of my busi- ness) had the pleasure of visiting at their own houses, since I saw his enauiry. Of these 1 find but eight that have, or ever have had, that complaint. IT conjecture further, that there is in the employment of the above number from one hundred and fifty to two hun- dred, as journeymen, many of whom I also kuow ; but do not recollect amongst them more than one that has ever been afflicted with the gout, If it would convey any useful informa- tion to S. S. or any other of your readers, to know the apparent age, and particular residence of the above number, the sheet on, which my remarks were made will he much at their service, by a line addressed to, Your's, &c. Birmingham, W. Beare. June 20, 1808, ———— " To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, N the extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters (vol. xxiv. p. 160) reat Britain is said to have produced only two political romances, “ The ad- ventures of Gaudentio di Lucca,” and “The Listory of the Sevarambians.” The former I always understood to be a ‘translation from the Italian, as the latter certainly is from the French. Ihave a Montury Mac., No. 174, 17 copy, stated in the title page to be, “Nouvelle edition, reviie & corrizée,” printed at Amsterdam 1716, Hume speaks, of it in his Essays (I think in that on Polygamy).as a very entertaining work, The “ Argenis,” of Barclay, is, how- ever, of British origin, though written in Latin; and is as distinguished for the eles gance of the style, as, the just and ingeni- ous reflexions on government which it contains. A translation of it was pub- lished a few years ago by Clara Reeve, under the title of “ The Phoenix.” Your's, &c. Lincoln’s- Inn, July 6, 1808. Se kes ——-==2 Lo the, Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, T is, I believe, a pretty generally re- ceived opinion, that the English lan- guage is spoken no where in so much perfection, as it is in London and inits vicinity. The inhabitants of the metro- polis are apt to despise and ridicule the pronunciation of those who live on the banks of the Humber,. or the Tweed, as uncouth, harsh, and barbarous, while they have self-conceit enough to fancy themselves the standards of just and ele- gant elocution. Now, though I shall not attempt to vindicate in every instance the colloquial language which is frequent- ly used in the north, yet I must beg leave to enter my protest, through the medium of your excellent Magazine, against the latter opinion, and to declare for the in- formation of those among my countrys men who are yet ignorant of the fact, that when the citizen of London ima gines he speaks the English language in its utmost purity and perfeetion, his idea is erroneous. It is high time to’call the attention of the nation to this subject, especially as this idea is not confined to the London citizen, but is growing very gpperal, and if not impeded in its progress y critical animadversion, will, [ am ap- prehensive, soon become universally ens tertained throughout the Jand. | know. some country persons who when they hear « Cockney speak, think it very fine and are ambitious to imitate him. They have not yet attained the art of expressing their thoughts in the London dialect, but they adimire it, and strive to acquire it. ‘The inhabitant of a northern county.’ gives indeed every letter a full and broad sound; but full and broad as it is, the sound is proper; if sach a mode cf proe nunciation seems harsh and unharmonie ous, that is not his fault, but the fault, if th ; ist) 18 it be one, of the language itself. Wheres as the Cockney (this appellation is used only for the sake of distinction) does not, as [ shall soon endeavour to shew, give the letters their just, natural, and dis- tinct, sounds. By him, the sounds, espe- cially of the vowels are confounded. The writer of these remarks has been in the habit of taking particular notice of the accent of those persons with whom he has conversed, and has observed that this mistake is very frequently made by the inhabitants of the south-east counties, eckoning from Huntingdonshire as far as the Thames. For as to the dialect of those who live between the latter river and the English channel, he has had no opportunity of observing it. The citi- zens of London, aud the inhabitants of Cambridgeshire, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Saffolk, err chiefly in their manner of pronouncing the vowels a, 0, and w. The first is sounded by them, when short, as if it were long, or almost as € short; the _ second like the proper sound of a short; and the letter «, when short, sometimes like a, and sometimes like 0. To illus- trate these remarks by particular in- stances, 1 have examined young scholars in the most simple parts of speech, the sounds of ub, «b, &c. and found that they articulated ab like eb, or rather longer, as aib, or abe; ob, as ab should be sounded, and ub much the same, or a little like ob. any words also may be enuyerated, in which the sounds of the vowels are in like manner perverted, The common word butter is spoken batter by some, and by others botter. Man is sounded mane, or mdin, and sometimes as nearly like jnen as possible. At Bury, in Suffolk, 1 once heard a person speak the words “ our house,” like the letters 7s: and another time I heard a female, who lived within the sound of St. Paul’s clock, use the short phrase—* I must have some,” and thongh she spoke like her neighbours, I will maintain that out of the four words three were pronounced wrong. She said, I most hed sam. Back, bail, baa, can, cat, catch, dam, fun, fut, ham, hat, lad, lamb, mad, pan, ran, Sam, Juck, are pro- riounced bake, bade, &c. giving the letter ain each word a long sound, sometimes, indeed, speaking it more like short e, but seldom or never giving it its natural and * proper sound. According to them it is always long, which is certainly not the case, every vowel having a long and short sound, and the vowel a as well as the rest. One example of the usual false . yw. F/ae5 ws On the erroneous Pronuneiation of the E nglish [Aug. 15 sound of o will be sufficient, and that is the word come, pronounced kam. A sin- gle instance of the sound of w will also be enough for a sample. The word duck is pronounced as if it were written dack, or dock. The reader will observe that it is always in the sound of the vow- els, when really short, that the mistake is made. Many other instances of false pronunciation might be adduced, ‘but those that have been already given will be thought sufficient as a specimen. This incorrect method of speaking is not peculiar to a few individuals, but is very common in the middle and lower ranks of society. Whether it be prevalent like- wise in the more genteel and fashionable circles, it is not for me to determine: but as it is well known, that all people - are prone to imitate their superiors, in dress, in every article of luxuriows and extravagant expenditure, and, in fact, in every thing else separate from every con- sideration of propriety; it may reason- ably be supposed, that persons in inferior and middle stations have contracted the erroneous habit here denouneed, partly from’ an injudicious, apish imitation of those who move in the higher walks of life. If so, it would appear that the gay, the polite, and the opulent, are nbt altogether exempt from this error, But there is no doubt that the bourgeois have carried their mimicry to an excess, similar to a certain officer belonging to Alexander the Great, whese head was alittle awry; the officer having a mind to compliment his master, laid his head fairly on his shoulder, for which exag- gerated and gross complaisanee he is re- lated to have received a smart box on the ear. And though my countrymen have no cause to apprehend a smnilar castigation, yet I should have thought a priori, if I had not so often witnessed the contrary, that the good understand- ing of Englishmen would teach them the folly of such ridiculous affectation, I appeal’ to my readers, if the practice here censured be not general; and, whatever other persons may think, I, for my part, am fully convinced, that it is as improper as it is general. Not one grammar that I have seen gives rules for such a pronunciation as that above no- ticed; nay, they all teach the contrary. Whence then does it derive its autho- rity? Has it received the sanction of any eminent. speaker or writer? How any schoolmaster.or critic can vindicate the practice, I am at a loss to conceive, It has” ¥808.J has never yet been done publicly; nei- ther has the error to my knowledge ever yet been publicly exploded, which is the reason why I have now ventured to ex- pvse it to the world, and to warn the good people of England to be on their guard against it. If any schoolmasters, or conductors of academies, should, on perusing this éssry, hear their consci- ences saying to each of ghem, “ Thou art the man;” (although moral turpitude is entirely out of the question) let them not be displeased at the writer’s animad- versions; and instead of attempting to vindicate what admits of no excuse, let them candidly begin without delay to re- ferm their practice in this respect, and teach their pupils a more correct mode of speaking. Whatever may be the faults of the inhabitants of the more northern counties in their colloquial style, they pronounce the words above enumerated properly, which the citizens of London and the inhabitants of Cam- bridgeshire, &c. do not. In the fastidi- _ ous ear of the latter, the pronunciation of the former may perhaps sound rough and disagreeable, whilst they imagine “that their own is softer and smoother, more harmonious, more delicate, and more refined; but I am sure the good sense of the people of London will con- vince them of the justness of this obser- vation, that nothing can he elegant which is improper. Itis aspecies of false taste, false delicacy and false refinement, which leads any person to entertain a contrary sentiment. Should it be urged, that the softest and smoothest sound is always the most proper, I must take the liberty to deny the position. The different lan- guages of Europe are by no means susceptible of equal harmony. Some are “naturally soft, and others naturally ner- vous and sonorous, As well might the ’ people who use that endeavour to incor- porate into it the force of this, as those who speak the latter strive to naturalize the soft sounds of the former, The lan- goages of the southern countries are more harmonious than the languages of the northern nations. Euphony is the distinguishing excellence of the former, and strength is the characteristic per- feetion of the latter. The one is not ca- pable of much force, and the other is not susceptible of much euphony. Every oue ought to take the language of his country as he finds it, and not distort and pervert it: he should speak it according t@ its own genius, which, in the opinion Language, by the Citizens of London, Ke. 19° i ts ofable philologists, was originally adapted to and formed from the genius of the people. That of the English is mascu- line and intrepid. To cashier all such sounds then as mark this spirit, would be to destroy the nature of the English lan- guage, and render it puerile and effemi- nate. Let every one that speaks Eng- lish, speak it as an Englishman, and not aga native of Italy or France. [fhe pre- fers their languages to his own on account of their superior softness, then let him adopt the language of one or the other according to his fancy; but if he con- tinues to speak our Janguage,, he ought to take care to speak English, and not a la frangoise, as some persons do, when they say no, and pronounce it hke the French word non. Iam not sure that» the harsh and strong sounds, which occur so frequently in the English and German languages, are such great imperfections ‘as some gentlemen seem to suppose. If euphony be an excellence in_one lan- guage, why should not a rough guttural sound which constitutes strength in ano- ther, be accounted a beauty? Besides the question rs not about the propriety of re- taining or rejecting the harsh sounds of our language, it respects rather the true pronunciation of the vowels, which are all soft, and perhaps equally so. The sole object of these critical remarks is the confusion made in the different sounds ofthevowels [have not observed, that any of them are discarded altogether, though people seem to like the right sound of the short a least of all. I have sometimes thought they wish to banish it out of the language, for what reason L know not. But yet when they come to articulate words in which the vowel w occurs being short, they, by a strange inconsistency, substi- tute the right sound of the vowel a, for u. Itis this absurd substitution of one vowel for another that is here censured ; and of the fact I am confident. I once heard a sermon preaciied from the pulpit of St. Mary’s Church, at Cambridge, by a gentleman belonging to the university, in which one of the sentences closed with the words unto us; which, as com- mon as they are, I did not at first under- stand, and it was not till after I recol- lected the connection that [ knew what he said. The words sounded in my ears like, and lo ass, for so he actually spoke them. He certainly deserved a reprimand for it from the heads of the colleges. At that illustrious seat of learning such an error was almost un- pasdonable ae 20 Queen Katherine Parr—Preservatives against Moths. [Aug. }, pardonable; but I am not without my apprehensions, that it is pretty current even there, and passes without animad- version. But, why a transgression of the rules of orthoepy should be suffered to pass unnoticed any more than a devia- tion from the rules of Syntax in their compositions is a question which exceeds my ability to solve. That the instance just now mentioned, is a violation of the rules of orthoepy, as they are given in our most apprdved English, Grammars, the very learned’ gentlemen who, adorn that university will not, I presume, be disposed to controvert. Having given them this hint, it would not become me to say any more on the subject. I hope they will not be offended at what has been already said, or think that I have meddled with matters that lic out of my province. Surely no gentleman will con- tend, that it is contrary to the duty of any one, however humble his station may he, to endeavour to refurm abuses, to cor- rect errors, and to promote the improve- ment of his vernacular tongue to the ut- most of his power, provided in the pro- secution of such a design he cautiously refrains from personal reflections, intem- perate language, and all other unwar- rantable means. I profess to understand English, and to be able to teach it gram- matically; but I do not, like some gen- tlemen, pretend to be wiser than the learned men who composed! the gram- mars that are noW in general use. If they are right, the grammars are wrong, and ought to be corrected; but, if the grammars are right, then those gentle- men who deviate from them are wrong. It has often excited my surprise, that in this great metropolis, where every book: that is published, every article in the numerous periodical works, and every advertisement that appears in the news- papers, is written with singular elegance, in a highly polished style, so little atten- tion should be paid to a just elocution. Ihave long wished to communicate to the public my sentiments on the subject. I have now pointed out what I conceive to be errors, and leave it to my country- “men, either to avoid. them in future, or try to justify them as they may think proper. These remarks will undoubtedly, meet with opposition, There are per- sons who pertinaciously retain what they have once incautiously embraced; but the more candid and reflecting part of mankind are always ready to relinquish error, when it is clearly discovered. sii LOU'S, Hey Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ¢ BEG leave to return my grateful ace | knowledgment to your correspondent N. Y> for the very interesting informa- tion which he so kindly communicated - through the channel of your Magazine for April, I was before aware that Dr, Nash had detailed in the ninth volume of the Archologia, the particulars of the discovery of the body ofKatherine Parr in 1786; and annexed thereto a brief memoir of her life, extracted chiefly from Ballard. He mentions her death as hav- ing occurred on the seventh day after the birth of her daughter; and then adds, that this child was committed to the care of the Duchess of Suffolk by Lord Sey- mour before his execution. Iam igno= rant from what source Dr. Nash drew this information; but am certain that when the grave of the Queen was vio~ lated, no remains were discovered to confirm the conjecture that her child was buried either with or near her; nor is the death of ber daughter mentioned in the circumstantial account of her funeral copied from the “ Boke of Buryalls-of trew Noble “Persons” in the Herald’s College by Dr. Nash. My present researches are confined to circumstances individually connected with Katherine Parr; and I am sorry that ne documents relative to other branches of the family, have fallen in my way. Should T at any future time be fortunate enough to discover any thing that may be likely to prove acceptable to N. ¥. I shall with pleasure requite his obliging attention by immediately communicating it> May 12, 1808. Your’s, &e. H, — To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, BEG to suggest three modes of presery~ ing woollens from the ravages of the moth; namely, 1. Ground black pepper scattered in the bottom of the drawer or trunk; 2. Pieces of Russia leather, (the refuse of the bookbinders; 3. Tobacco leaves, folded up with the different gar- ments; observing that the leaves of to- bacco should be renewed every three years, A friend of mine has also proved the complete efficacy of the first mode, in respect to furs. ' The tobacco leaves I have adopted for many years past, and have in consequence not found any trace of a moth, he “Your's, &c.. A Constant Reaper. June 11, 1808, Ke 1808.] On the frequency of Accidents by setting Clothes on Fire. 2% To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. of carnage; but to the man who feels SIR, anxious for the peace and prosperity of CONSIDER it of much importance _ his felluw-beings, and contemplates their to enquire the cause to whichis to be felicity with glowing pleasure, such attributed, the unexampled number of scevesare painfully disgusting. He turns fatal accidents which have lately occur- from them with horror and indignation, red, by persons setting their clothes on is equally astonished at the wickedness fire? Secondly, what are the best means which could contrive, and the ferocity : of preventing these fatal accidents in fue that could execute purposes su destructive ture? And lastly, enquire of your medi- of the human species, and hails with tens cal readers, on the occurrence of acase fvld raptare the blessings arising from of this dreadful nature, in the absence social intercourse and domestic happiness. of all medical assistance, what is the best Similar to these were my reflections af- instant application ; or the most proper ter conversing with a loquacious old wo- means to be taken to relieve and save the man who passed me in the street the other - guberer 2 day leading a female ass, followed by her The importance of this subject, Ithink, foal; the latter was rather playful, and *must be evident to every one, fromthe she was stopping tll it came up. I de- ‘alarming increase of these domestic tra~ manded of her the price of the young \ gedies. Within the short period of six one, ‘Tis not to be sold,” she replied, months, scarcely a week has. past with- “ my husband means to keep it to do the out the public prints having recorded work of this poor old creature,” patting one or two accidents of this sort, attended her upon the back, and in the tenderest with the most distressing particulars, tone of concern ; “she has been the best 1 ein aware, it will be said by some, creature in the world: when she first be- who glance over these matters superficial- came the property of my husband, she ly, that the majority of victims, which had been used most cruelly; her back perish in this way, are women and chil- was hurt, she was all over sores and dren; and therefore, the cause must evi- bruises, and could scarcely walk; but we _ dently be sought for, in the cobweb dra- nursed her up, and by good treatment pery, with which capricious fashion adorns and well-keeping, soon got her about, her votaries. 1 admit, one of the causes She has amply rewaided us for our painss may be found here; but how does this for in Midsummer time we make a good account for their frequency at this period? deal by her milk,’and she serves well for 7 particuiarly, when we consider, that mus- my husband to bring fruit and other lins, gauses, and other light combustible things out of the country: in winter too articles, have been worn by our females she does all that is required of her; but and children for these several years past; poor thing her feet begin now to fail, and with but a very comparatively small pro- she must soon give up working, but a portion of accidents having occured, better-tempered quieter creature. never And what is still more extraordinary, in lived ; and as for that poor little fellow, France, Germany, Holland, and imleed though he be a little playful occasionally, every other part of Europe, where the he means no harm, but is so gentle you female attire Is composed of equally com- may do any thing with him, and see how bustible materials, and where the habits well he looks. This (said she, in a tone and manners of the people equally ex- of affection and pleasure) is all from good pose them to similar danger, such ca- treatment; and shame on those, for many tastrophes (if my information be correct) there are, who behave with cruelty te’ are almost unknown. poor dumb animals!” Yowr’s, &c. I confess I was singularly affected by E, Lypsart, the feeling concern expressed by this as good woman for her asses; particularly Fo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. when I contrasted it with the barbarity SIR, with which these unfortunate animals are ‘ NY trait characteristic of humanity too often treated : and as they are much to the brute creation, will not, [ used, and found very serviceable im this presume, be deemed unworihy your no- town and vicinity, the unpleasant spec« tice, though apparently of a trifling na-_ tacle of their sufferings too often obtrudes ture. Politicians may contend for the itself to escape observation, . utility of barbarous sports to the people — Whilst we have so many advocates for of a country, in giving them a warlike the slave trade, the policy of keeping the cast, and fituing them fox the hormid work poor in ignorance, the disgraceful disci+ pline 22 pline of whip and the Jash, and the cruel sports of bull-bating, cock-fighting, and man-bruising, we shall not see the re- formation of manners go on with much tapidity ; but let not this consideration deter us from using all our endeavours, however humble they may he, in endea- vouring to convince mankind of these palpable mistakes, and prevent them passing without some amelioration at keast, from generation to generation. Your's, &c Pes Ipswich, Fuly 15, 1868. ——e—— ACCOUNT Of RECENT TRAVELS a” SPAIN, in which particular aTTENTIUN was paid to the awrrqurties of that coun- TRyY.—Continued from p. 20, vol. 25. + : PRINCIPAL evidence of the im- «A portance of Clunia, under the Ro- guans, is the theatre, of which very re- markable vestiges still remain, Advantage had been taken of a natural recess, on the northeastern slope of the hill on which the town stood, to scoop out a seinicircalar theatre, whose diameter in the open space or orchestra is 287 Eng- Kish feet, and its radius 118% feet. The semicircle for the spectators is divided by five concentric and horizontal precinc- ézones or passages, about 54 fect broad, into six ranges of three seats each, the seat being 22 inches in height and breadth, so that the whole horizontal breadth of the plan for spectators, was about 60 feet; consequently the diameter of the whole theatre about 357. Besides these five semireircular passages, at ‘each end of “the semicircle is a stair, and nine others in the circular interval, communicating from the upper to the Jower seats, and formed of steps about 11 inches high and broad. aig The whole of these seats, passages, and stairs being excavated in the solid roek, and the theatre being accessible as well from the ground behind/the upper row of seats, as from the orchestra below, no vomitoriesy or stairs and passages from Aehind, to convey the spectators to their several places in the theatre, were either’ necessary or practicable; and according- ly no traces of such parts of the edifice are to be discovered. The depth down from the bottom of the lower row of seats, to the floor of the orchestra, which has likewise been dug out of the rock, is about 8 feet; and the floor slopes gently away from the seats, for about 147 fect, that is, 283 feet beyond a diameter join- ing the two ends of the semicircle, to a wall which formed the scena, and separa-. : Account of recent Travels in Spain. [Aug. I,” ted the orchestra and stage from the apart- ments on the outside, destined for the ac- commodation of theactors; of which apart- ments the walls may still be traced. This wall, which has been ornamented with pi- lasters, extends parallel to che diameter of the theatre, about 182 feet, and therefore falls short of the diameter of the orchestra by 271 feet at each end. The wall is composed of stone and lime, being about 4% feet thick, and in general about 12 feet high: at each end is a wall running in 7 or 8 feet, towards the theatre.” In the middle wall are three doors, the.centre one being 28 feet wide, and the two others 14 feet wide each. From the frag~ ments ou the ground it appears that the two side doors have been arched; but: the centre door seems to have been either open above, or covered only with long beams. Such are the remains of the an- tient Clunia, once the capital of a district, and the seat of a conventus juridicus, or court of justice, (in the provineia Tarra- conensis) whose limits extended over a tract of country reaching from the coast of the Bay of Biscay to the Southward, 180 miles, and from west to east, 195 miles. ‘ Soria being situated towards the north- ern extremity of the celebrated sheep- walks of Spain,an accident brought me an instance of the well-known sagacity of the sheep-dogs of that country. 1 badmade an excursion, alone and on foot, across the fields, which ave entirely uninclosed, to a hill a couple of miles off, to procure a view of the environs; and on my return after sun-sét, J discovered near the foot of the hill, as if there had been a circular fall of snow on the ground, and a light glimmering in the centre. This appear- ance drew me towards the spot; but long before I reached it, I found close to my side one of the large mountain sheep-* dogs, who, in going,pis rounds had dis- covered me, and was resolved. to see what my purpose was, in approaching the flock; for the whitish appearance was produced by a large flock of sheep, already Gn the beginning of September) assei- bled and preparing to set out on their annual progress, to pass the winter in the southern provinces. These flocks are un- der the management of two, three, or four shepherds, according to the number of sheep, who are furnished with small mules or asses to carry their tent utensils and other necessaries, In the day-time the sheep spread over the open grounds, but are constantly in motion to the south- ward, the shepherds with their asses and» baggage 1808.} baggage travelling in the midst, while ther dogs are posted on the vutside, to keep the sheep from wandering at too great a distance, or mingling with other flocks, in a similar state of progress. When night approaches, the shepherds pitch “their tent in some convenient spot, make their fire, and prepare their supper, while the sheep come and arrange themselves inacircle round the tent, and the dogs patrole on the outskirts of the camp, to watch the approach of strangers or ene- inies, but without making any idle noise ; ‘taking care, however, when danger to the flock is apprehended, not only to at- tack the invader, but by their voice to alarm the shepherds and call them to their assistance. The approach of the dog explained to me the white appearance on the ground; I therefore gradually “changed my course away from the flock ; and it was not until [ had gone to a eon- siderable distance, that the faithful and Sagacious aninal, walking all the way by my side, between me and the sheep, satis- fied that Ehad no evil intentions against his charge, silently quitted me and return- ed to his post. Having, in a general way, satisfied my Curiosity respecung Numantia and. its environs, I resumed my tour, returning to Aguda, but paying a second visit to Muro, where I received from the curate of the parish a couple of brass coins of Trajan, and some of those ancient vitrified rings, of a blue colour with whitish spots, found in varions parts of Europe, called in some places snake-stones; but in Spaili Cuentas, that is counters, because they in some manner resemble the beads, by which Roman Catholics count the num- ber and order of the prayers and saluta- tions recited in running over the ehaplet er rosary. These cuentus and the coins had been found siace my former visit to to the place. By the word curate in the preceding paragraph, I do not vive a correct idea _ of the corresponding Spanish term cura; for the cura in Spain, like the curé in France, means properly the rectur of a parish, that is, the person charged with the cure of souls; and the English word curate should in French be rendered by vicaire, the title of the person appointed to discharge the duties of the parish~ in the room of him who enjoys the benefice, Tn Spain where the non-residence of the clergy is a thing’ unknown in the church, from the very dignified Cardinal-Arch- bishop of Toledo, down to the humble curate of Muro, thé ecclesiastical functions ; 2 Account of recent Travels in Spain. 23 are so seldom performed by substitutions that the term vicar is scarcely understood, and the incumbent is constantly stiled e¢ sen or curd. Don Quixote’s bosom-friends and ca- binet-counsellurs have at all times beea styled by us, by the French, and by other nations, the curate and the barber: and these titles have received a sort of clas- sical authority. it would therefore be absurd to attempt to change them:,bue ° neither of them convey the idea of the Spanish terms used by Cervantes. The person we call the curate, was, in fact, the benificed incumbent of the parish; and he, named the barber, was, in fact, the surgeon-barber of the place. It is not a thing out of mind, since there ex- isted, even in London, the worshipful so» ciety of barber-surgeous; and in Spain, and in the South of Ttaly, it was, and in many places still is, usual for the person who was entrusted with the care and management of the beard, to be charged with the’ care and management of the more noble parts of the human body. In this country we are apt to confound the idea ofa barber with that of a hair-dress- er, called by the Spaniards a peluguera (corrupted fim perruguier) whose oc- cupation is held in so little repute, that, excepting in large towns where French fashions have been adopted, a Spaniard would think dimself highly insulted by bes ing supposed to exercise the trade. I should make an apology, Mr. Editor, for this long digression from the proper subject of my communication: but.as in describing countries with which we are but little acquainted, the slightest varia- tions from our own modes of thinking and acting, become of importance; and’ as indeed it is by remarking such discri+ minating shades of difference, that a true idea of such modes can. be formed, or couveyed to others; this digression will, [ trust, uot appear entirely unnecessary. I now resume my tour.—In the evena ing L arrived at Agreda, already men-, tioned, where I passed the night, and on’ the following morning pursued my jour= ney for Saragossa.» From Agreda the road runs easterly, for five leagues, (that is, five hours joure ney, at the step of the mule,) to Tara- zona, a town romantically situated on the sammit and st6pes of alittle hill, over’ the river Quelles, which running’ northe erly, falls into the Ebro. The country consists chiefly of a succession of smait eminences, covered with beath and other sluubs, but affording pasture for num- “Bers : ~ Englis O4 ‘bers of sheep: the environs of Tarazona, however, are fertile and well cultivated. This is an ancient town, having been known to the Romans. by the name of Turiaso, and by them was endowed with the privilege of coining money, as early ‘as in the time of Augustus. The town is now much decayed, but fraginents of columns, pedestals, &c. attest its former splendour: indeed, few oman remains can well be expected at Tarazona, as it was besieged aud entirely overthrown by the Moors, about the year 723. The cathedral, a venerable gothic structure, and the bishop’s palace, are the only buildings worthy of notice. From Tarazona, the road continues in fhe same easterly direction for the other five leagues to Mallen, situated about a couple of miles south from the Ebro. The first half of the road lies over an un- even, uncultivated tract, like that on the west side of Tarazona, and then enters the yast plain of the Ebro, naturally much more productive, but very thinly inhabited. Mallen is « small place, with an ancient castle belonging to the Order of Malta, of which it is a commandery. The castle forms a quad-angle, with a court in the middle, and square towers at each corner: it is now used for the courts of justice, and the prison of the Surrounding district. ~ From Mallen, I travelled six leagues still eastward to Alagon, situated on the west bank of the river Xalon, the ancient Salo, which rising in the mountains se- garating the kingdom of Arragon from that of Old Castille, flows northerly by Calatayud, the representative of the an- cient Bilbilis, the birth place of the Epi- grammatist Martial, and discharges it- self into the Ebro, a mile below Alagon. _ About two leagues before arriving at Alagon, I came upon the great canal of — Arragon, or of the Ebro, which takes its: rise on the south side of that river near Tudela, and is continued down the vale below Saragossa, but not nearly comple- ted to rejoin the Ebro, before it falls into the Mediterranean, as was originally in- tended by a course of about one hundred thiles. This canal was begun under the Emperor Charles V. in 1528; but the work made little progress until the reign of the late King Charles II. The depth of the water is to be no less than ten feet; but the canal has hitherto been very little used for navigation, the chief use of the water having been for irrigation of the vast fertile plain, be- tween the canal and the Ebro, For the Account of recent Travels in Spain. ; [Aug. I, purpose of drawing off the water from the canal, sluices are constructed at tlie dis- tance of about a mile asunder, and the water is conveyed to the grounds in small channels. For the use of this water, the inhabitants were to pay to the king, a rent equal to the tenth part of that paid to the proprietors of the soil: but from the contrasted appearances of the lands below, and of those above the canal, the contribution to government seemed to bear but a very small propor- tion to the vast benefits received from the water. . i. Before entering Alagon, the canal crosses the road, running southward for a mile up the west bank of the narrow valley of the river Xalon. This valley the canal traverses from west to east, on an elevated ‘aqueduct, the middle of which is a bridge of three arches for the ty c oF ae > i. : passage of the Xalon, flowing briskly under the canal, from south to north. After this passage of the valley, and river, the canal is carried along the edge of the high grounds, bordering the vale of the Ebro, and is no morale by the x heleimal Saragossa; altliough its be- neficial effects on the plain are. easily discernible. ° From Alagon, to Saragossa, is a course of four leagues, over the same flat vale of the Ebro, now better peopled and more carefully cultivated than the tracts gone over. The productions are corn, with a large proportion of wine and oil; and the ap- pearance of the inhabitants and their dwellings gradually improves, on ap- proaching Saragossa, which presents a magnificent prospect of a's and stee- ples, seated.in the mids 0 Fthe plain, Saragossa, oras it is written in Spanish Zaragoza, the capital of the kingdom of Arragon, and an_archbishop’s see, is si- tuated on the south or right bn the river Ebro, in the concave part of a. bend.of the river, which there forms the segment of a Jarge circle to the north. ward, so that the buildings along the sYiver, are but partially seen, from any one point. “The Ebro is large, but na- vigable in general only for small boats, on account of the many sandbanks in its hed, which frequently change their po- sition, Over the river is a stone bridge - of six arches, and about six hundred feet in length, communicating with a suburb on the north side: and a little, lower down is a wooden bridge, for fdot pas- sengers. The town is above 4 mile long, by three quarters of a mile in its greatest ‘breadth, 1808. ] and the population is calculated at forty-five thousand. The old town isstill easily distinguished from the new, being an oblong of above half a mile along the river, by one third ofa leg breadth, It is surrounded by ancient walls, with gates in the middle its four sides, in all of which, vestiges man architecture may be traced. ie stone bridge over the Ebro leads “into the middle of this old town : and in these circumstances it bears some resem- es - ~ blance to the city of London, with its 4 ’ y . r% My : ‘ x » we “ae unless it be the remains of theinner 7 so ha picee in the midst of the present capi- al. That part of the old wails which ran along the river, is either hidden by mod jouses, or entirely removed : on the outside of the three other parts of the old walls, runs a broad open street in the manner of the boulevards of Paris, beyond which the new town spreads in all directions, but chiefly to the west- ward ; the ground being confined on the south and east by the little river Huerva, which falls into the Ebro at the east end of the town. The streets of both the old and the new town are tolerably straight, crossing ch other at right angles; but they are generally narrow, particularly within the old or Roman town. Saragossa is very ancient; the present name is a gradual corruption of Cesarau- gusta, 2 name given to it by Augustus Cesar, who repaired and beautified a ace called Salduba, situated on the ‘same spot. “Pliny mentions both towns, aying, * Cxsaraugusta was a free colony on th of the Ebro, where formerly stood a toy -ealled Salduba,” Tt began ‘In the reiga of Augustus to coin money; and many of its coins sull remain, com- anemorating the signal favours it received from that emperor. ‘Saragossa has undergone so many changes from the various incursious of Goths, Moors, and ocher foreign nations, alls and gates, no antiquities of Roman times are now to be seen. The churches, palaces, the town-house, the exchange, “are, however, well worthy of observation. The town possesses no less than two cathedrals in whieh divine service is al- ternately performed by the same chap- ter; the one is a venerable gothic buil- ding, supported by four rows of clustered pillars; the other is a modern structure of Greek architecture, in the form, not of a cross, but of a parallelogram, about five hundred feet long, by two hundred feet broad, It is built of brick, but the Montury Mas., No, 174, Account of Recent Travels in Spain. 25 intention was to case it entirely over with some of the valuable narbles with which Spain abounds, The pan was, to erect a square tower at each angle of the paral- lelogram, a grand dome in the centre, and five other domes towards the east end; a design certainly singular and different from what we see adopted for other christian churches. The interior is divided by two rows of massy square pillars, ornamented with pilasters, The chief object in erecting this extraordinary structure, was to provide a suitable man- sion for the miraculous image of the vir- gin, there preserved and celebrated far and wide, in ancient as in modern tines, under the designation of owr lady of the pillar, The origin ef this appellation was this, that soon after the ascension of our Saviour, but during the life ime of Mary, when St. James the Elder was employed in preaching the gospel in Spain, and had yet made but very few converts, the virgin, transported by a choir of angels, passed from Jerusalem to the neighbourhood of Saragossa, and appeared to James, seated on a marble pillar, brought by the angels for the pur- pose; when encouraging him to continue his apostolic labours, which would, ulti+ mately be crowned with success, she di- rected him to erect a chapel to her ho- nour, and to place in it the pillar on which she sat, for an everlasting memo- rial of her appearance. The virgin was immediately wafted back to Jerusalem, and a chapel waserected at Saragossa by St. James and his eighé disciples, (for his converts were not more numerous) in which the sacred pillar was deposited 5 and this identical pillar it was, which without intermission has been, and still is, venerated in Saragossa. Under the centre dome of the five on the east end of this new: cathedral is erected a magnificent chapel of Greek arclitecture, and of the most precious marbles the country affords, in the form ofa tittle temple, in the centre of which stands the sacred, pillar supporting an ancient image of the virgin, with her ine fant son, of wocd now as black as ebony. The riches appertaining to this image are beyond calculation; and on account of the miracles performed at this shrine, the resort of pilgrims from distant. parts, not only of Spain, but of Europe, is even at this day very great. This new cathedral was founded in the end of the 17th century, and in 1753, Ferdinand VI, directed the chapel of eur lady oF the pillar to be cunsirugteds at Pa 26 is probable, however, that this prodigious edifice will not soon be brought to a con- clusion. © The ancient castle or fortress on the west side of the town, now converted into barracks for troops, contains several noble halls, part of the palace of the kings of Arragon, enriched with very delicate Sculpture and. gilding. When arg VII. of England married Catharine of : ‘Arragon, amongst. other presents were Sent to him from this castle various arms, particularly swords marked with the boar and dog, aud the name of Andrew Fer-_ fara, then a celebrated artist in sar anes small open place or square, in the western part of the old town, stands de- tached ‘from other buildings, an octa- -gorial tower of fourteen feet aside, and thirty-four feet in diameter, by one hun- dred and forty feet in height: it is con- &tructed of brick like the greater number 6f buildings in the town, with sundry ornaments, formed by the projection of the bricks in-particular places beyond the fest of the walls. The windows appear ata distance to be gothic, but they are fiot arched, the gradual contraction at the’ top being produced by advance each superior row of bricks a little yond the inferior row, as is seen in some df the thdst ancient edifices of Egypt. . The itiside Of this tower contains a stair or ramp, resembling that in St. Mark’s tower, at Venice; and the ascent is so gentle, that a man on horseback may iount to the top. ‘Phe tower is not perpeidicular, having a visible bend t one side, in the manner of the famo hanging tower at Pisa: bee from the vertical line is not so consider- able as that of the latter building. The date of this tower is 1504; and itis called — the new tower, although its construction be commonly ascribed to the Moors. © Tn Saragossa, is one of those patriotic stitutions which first took their rise in seay, called Ea soéiedud de los amigos _ del pays, the society of the friends of the country. The object of these institutions, now numerous in Spain, is the general nstruction of youth, independently of he established schools and universities C maintained partly by Sine a " Dertoation of the word yclep’d. usp? its deviation ge true record of this my faithful s 4" It follows hence that a god was a, or invoked, by his adorers; and, urs ‘All subjects that “come home he © bosoms” of mankind in general, meet” with prompt ; ae in your Magazine ; eer: resent the followin® addi- |. to the communication of a corre~ i (Auge, they are established, To’ the society of Saragossa, the late king granted one thousand pounds at first, with a y revenue of fwo hundred pounds, The students at the universi gossa, in the year 1769, aino hundred and seventy-six: b ber was much increased in some follow} years, by the influx of young men 4 the country, whoj Ba Avoid he’ seevice of the militia, flocked to the university, them- ider the pretence of deyytin % Selves to the service of the church. “The ~ miliria seve in Spain ‘called the guinta, because every fifth mau of community, oppdistrict, is? obliged serve, if not attached to the ecc i life, or otherwise legally exempt (Lo be continued.) —— a Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine: ok SIRs. C ice AN’ any of yourypeaders inform the writer, if any part of the construc+ tion oan slife-boats, has been adopted in the building of fishing boats; uid what has been the additional expen Many valuable nets are yearly lost,» sher- dicrous word yclep'd, acci * suggested itself to pada abey effectual search in common di , tr OR * F ries fe language, and_ hilological Diversions. P mS cle dorms signified to appeal; s, i the old play of Gorboduc, by Sack- ille, Earl of Dorset, Porrex says, *¢ To the gods II elepe $i og Pj a Vv suance of the old adage, purvis componere magaa, the vetable, perhaps, graduall assumed its present burle 1eaning. © spondest in your last, respecting inflam- mation of the eyes. We eva fin Sonnini, (vol. iii. ch. 44, p- 70, edit. 1799, of his Travels in Egypt) that, during his residence in the sultry climate of Africa, he was afflicted with a terrible chemosis, oy swelling of the inter- _ CY - ast a onal es ages] 7 _ part of the eyes, so as hi cause the rotrusion of the ball beyond the socket. rg i ppearance was frightful; and, in- ore aggravated distress can with y be conceived. From tlis con- e was lieved, on finding his intment in several prescriptions, by théexpedient of poppy-heads boiled in » This a on brought on a le- of fourteen or fifteen hours; at jon of a time, he v éuches * ti =" 7 or hi |parative , and the speedy 2s ure th mae’. _I mean not to dispute the efficacy B | m, but to one ibute to alent obj of Cor whose d on Sense, of A PRroMorer. <2 a ioe the Monthly No a EDUCATION OF THE POOR. [The following corr dence claims the at- 7 tention of every one who feels aninterest in £ well-being of Society and wil trust €. Some decisive at areal leasures, ’ aie education of t children rland, Esq. to Sir Ay * the Sheriffs of London, Georg: wi Philips on LuSPR, HEN a late visit to London, you surprised me with a view 0 g the prison of Newvate in a state of cle Tiness that would have revived the gy spilt of foward, I asked ome questions lative to the state ie liter be acquire ersa kn ee account so much enga dge of reading, wr At addi you din takia® the amount of d to take their children with the y, as not to be able to find eto satisfy my curiosity. I suspected, r, from what I a and have in- ed; tha we owe wany spgiigen: Stern produce to their estate of extreme i ignorance; and well meaning pedple here were the time we at as W ed Taud ted to ose blish Lancaster’s schools in Bristol, he | entertain the directly opposite ‘opinion, _ to think that that sort of education to the increase of cri actions, I have been desirous of availing myself . ot your ‘knowledge of the characters and r | e S “Slate F; Education among Criminals. lents of the gene~ lity chamglene and iP it 9 1 on Mo fin ongst those of the bier tial , ‘dressed to th 27 habits of the prisoners under your carey from observing how intimately you seem» : ed acquainted with the different interests, and how kindly you endeavoured to ame- liorate their condition as far as was com~ patible with the discipline that secures their safe custody. ’ You will therefore greatly oblige me and some friends of mine in this city, b¥ stating what is the average number of the prisoners confined for criminal cases who have had a decent education, aud if the majority are even able to read, allows ing mé to muke public your reply, as no= ards the be-. thing can, in my opinion, be of more im- portance to the community in the present pais yebagmnaitf in com- moment, than the decision of this moe mentous question. Lam, Sir, your obedient servant, G, CuMBERLAND; Bristol, June 14, 1808. : From Sir Richard Phillips, to G. Cuniber- land, Esq. DEAR SIR, You do me justice in supposing | that I have not been inattentive to the state of education amongthe numerous criminals who fill the prisons of the metropolis, LEhave always considered that the result oliflich an investization would afford a - certain criterion sby which to decide finally on the question, Whether the poor ought, or ought not to be edueated 2? and 1 nae therefore bestowed a constant attention to this subject since [ have had the honour to fill my present office. The first opportunity which presented itself to me of forming some general con- usion was by means Sof a memorial ade. eriffs, signed Ly 152 of the criminals 1 Newgate ; of these 25 sizned their own names in a fair hand, he poor women’s pledges, distributing »26, in a bad and partly. illegible hand, a nd noticing the desires of such and the remauning, 101 were marksmen (persons who sign itha cr 98S) having ne-. ver learned to writ On «nother occasion having applied to the various excellent institutions which exist in this metropolis for a supply of - Bibles, Testaments, and yeligious tracts, to circulate in the various wards, and thereby to enable criminals to take ad- vantage of the idle hours spent in a pri- son, it found, on superintending myself the distribution of th books, an almost general indifference about the n ipt of. the Upon inquiry it appeared that. as few of the prisoners could read with) facility, and as more ‘than half of them =. o. eoule om. 28 could not read at all, a large majority were altogether) insensible of the uses of such presents, and were totally igno- rant of the ndture, object, and end of re- ligion itself! I have often interrogated a’ groupe of these persons as U have seen them stand- ing together ii their yards and wards, and I have found generally that about three in ten unite the qualifications of reading and writing, and one or two others in every ten are able to read, but unable to - write. At the present ume, of the men’ ~ Nothing can shew this abgatfity more in the condemiied cells, under sentence of death, five can neither read nor write; and the three women now uider the same sentence can neither of them either read nor write. } [have thus answered your questions, and Ihave no doubt but, on the average the same state of ignorance will be found to exist in other prisonsnow, and in New- gate at all other times. ‘I shall forbear to specify the conclusions which cannot fail to be drawn from these facts, but I should hope they will tend to shake the confidence of those who oppose plans for the general education of the poor, and in due time be the means of diminishing the number of anfortunate persons WHO COM- MIT Crimes in perfect ignorance a LAWS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SOCIETY, AND IN THE TOTAL ABSENCE OF ALL MORAL AND RELIGIOUS FEELING. rd Tam, Dear Sir, faithfully, your obe= reading that author Ll was obliged to re- dient servant m y R. Purtires. Bridge-street, June 29, 1808. —ast To the Editor of the Monthly Mugazine, a SIRS N absurdity in livggure, the com- mencement of which is scarcely known, and the inconvenience of which most remarkable; I allude to the custom formerly so prevalent, and in my opinion so very ridiculous, ¢ f translating the pro- er natnes of places and persons. ’ Both the Roman and Grecian histo- rians were addicted to this fault, and have contributed not a little by their ractice to confound and perplex chrono- Wsbers: in the arrangement of events. In modern times, the Italians having been the first translators at least, into the vulgar vpn ad all the other na- tions, (who are in ‘Some degree their imi- tators) into a continuance in the error, and at this day, they are the last who re- main in it. ; f catried this di- The French have is generally felt; has often struck me as), for instance, the town of Roche ‘Yon ri ahiite: im Ve Absurdity of Translating proper Names. # [Aug. 1, which the 4A Lod “, o, ty nearly as far’as the Italians: the En- glish imitating the French, adopted the custom for a long period, but ite years nae mei a reformation in this respect, which I hope to see happi ly coig plete: In the days “of Boliee. broke, we used perpetually to hear of Tully the orator, instead of his proper appellation of Cicero; but Horace Virgil, have gained too strong a. our soil, for us to attempt move them. ‘ clearly, ae ridiculous manner in ench have prem orphodi the classic nan of Tits Polybius, Aulus Coe into Vite Live, Po- lybe, Aulu Gelle, &c. But venience arising from this castom, is nat so much felt in reading or treating of clas= tented themselves with altering the termi- nations Only, according to the genius of their respective lay ves. But modern historians in treating of other countries besides their own, particularly t i and Italians, have not been nt with pe merely termination have stually translated proper names’ altoge- ther, consult D’Avila’s Storia delle Guerre Ci- vile di Francia; ee ¥ “this practice carried to extremes, and I felt the incon- venience very forcibly, insomuch that in tentalthe for these translators have cons fer to scme other treatise on the in order to find aut real nam most every town he has occasion to tion... The names of capital citi : translated in almost cverg lange, a it would. pegs to attempt to eradi- n evi! inveterate: but D’Avila a step further, b rules himself to translate the name of every yillage: e translates, Rocca Su there is an an ancient the place, he makes use of to the Italian language, instead of th proper one. ~~ » The absurdity has no! ted here, it has found its way into maps also;!inso- much that an Englishman ignorant of the German lan e, purchasing ap of Europe, at any town i Germany, would ~ have considerable difficulty in finding out any place he had’ occasion for; being used to translated names, he would hardly disgover Austria and Saxony, in Oesterreich and Sachsen, or the Dutchy of Deux Ponts in Zwey-Briicken, and per- haps would not be able a ie; name for yh 4 i t neon- _ Having lately had occasion, to” t adapted = *" fica : ~s » ‘ts a hs " : a od : on mm tM Wien and Warschaw meant Pe ‘and 7 , or that the rivers Vistula and Pate! were cieeuaee | in Weichsel and Donau; - si for him to know that Regensburg an , will not. it would be utterly impos- bon were the same place. respondent, who d any thing to the absur- yh { have already enumerated; but it to some able correspondent of “ pout out th means proper to to re the grievance, % Pe at myself with calling to notice, “ strange, and I fear ‘almost irremedi- - sble, custom, p lam, yo Cc, ee ig eee : 2} _— ! ¢. the Biiitor of the Mor Y Magazine, 7... SIR, 7 WAVING observed a paragraph in the Morning Post of the second instant, announcing the discov of a chain of mountains, commencin the river Savannah in North America, com- cae" entirely of th caries of marine Pad shells, &c.) hould glad Pad mong ie re Fextessv rre- perclen ou had recei red any it on this sghieee oe es ee eC, Sept. 1 16. 1808.9. Piss 9, a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR; N reply to your pe an enquiry in yourlast Number ting the ravag Pmoths amongst s, I bave to observe that ‘s moth endl foun found most destr tye about autumn. lgppes Ae tracts for p tion, whic) ae mu i seit 1. “ Ifyou seeth the ey or mother, foam of oil to~half, and therewith iin Be bottor ttom, comers, and feet sny-4 hes press, the cloaths that you ; shall never be hurt} with bike, so that it be dry before you put a clothes therein.” @ Rit e branches or leaves of tes tree w p or laid among cloth or Ks, it will keep the same free from ; » Moth orms pad oth rruption,.” ? i. is urs, &C, _ June 6, 1908. * a; A. “ still cule in this neigh. 7 To the Editor of the “the Month Moacine SIR, INCE the most unq le evi- - mt | Ravages of Moths. bs J 29. hourhood (the testimony of her contem- poraries and. rig caer: the reaiity of the existence of Mrs. Bridget Bostock, Itake.the liberty to send for the pratifi- cation of your readers, the folk owing facts, if you should deem them won thy a place in your Magazine; though I cane, not see any just reason why the names of peeone who have imposed upon the credulity of the world, should be rescued from that oblivion hae they so well me-~ rit: and to which it is probable, many of them, were they now alive, would. be ‘compelled by shame, to wish themselves to be consigned. Mrs. Bridget Bost ock was, born of ob- scure parents, who lived in the parish of Coppenhull, about four miles’ from this place, where she lived her whole lite, and died there at a good old age, about‘haif a century ago. She was long famous, not only within her own native * hor izoa, but through many of the surrounding coun- ues, tor elfecting, by the most simple me- thod (her fasting spittle), many extraore dinary cures, beyond the reach of profes- se skill; in which, though her powers were then pel haps universally believed, few will now deny, that a blind er edulity, and other accidental circunistances, were a chief agents. It would now be deem- diculous to recite many of the mar odlbas and supernatural instances of her commissioned powers, performed upon the eighbouring inhabitants, which well de- serve tobe buried with them in the dust; and 1 thinkyour correspondent will be satisfied with the following letters, which Ihave carefully copied from the originals, ae in the possession of a gentleman of e greatest respectability in this place, Ge whose wey fell in the fullow- ing manner, partly related in the letters themselves. Mis. Bostock’s fame bein »far extended, one Sir John Price, of uckland, Brecon, having lost, by death, a beloved wife, wrote.to. her, hoping by her prayers, to have leg restored to him; but not obtaining ally satisfactory answer, and not being acquainted with any per- son in the neighbourhood, was induced to make a second application to her, through the medium of the post-master, with whom, as it appears, he interchanged many letters on the subject, which justly Pipe him to the severest ridicule, as of the most remarkable instances of blind fanaticism which is to be met vith. At the death of this post-tnaster, they descended to the present possessor ‘a who bad | miarried his daughter, by $ ar " 0" by whose kindness they “fe now oy, lished. i Nantwich MB rcshiiva;s Your’ ., &e. July 15, 1808, J.E.B. To Mrs. Bostock. Mavam—Being very well assured by va- rious accounts, both public and private, that you have performed several wonderful cures when physicians have failed, and that you do it by the force and efficacy of prayers mostly, if not altogether (the outward means you use being generally supposed to be inadequate to_ the effects produced) ; I cannot but look up- on such operations to be miraculous; and if — 80, why may not an infinitely goed gracious God enable you to raise the dead, as well as to heal the sick, give sight to the blind, and hearing to the deaf? Fur, since he is pledud ved to hear your prayers in some cases so be- Neficial to mankind, there’s the same reason to expect it in others, and consequently in that I’ve particularly ‘mentioned, namely; faising the dead: now, as [ve lately lost a wife, whom I most deatly loved, my ¢hil- dren one of the best of step-mothers, all her — mear relations a friend they greatly esteemed, and the poor a charitable benefactress ; I en- treat you, for God Almighty’s sake, that you will be so good as to come here, if your actual presence is absolutely necessary ; or if not, that, you wili offer up your prayers to/the Throne of Grace on my behalf, that God would graciously vouciaae to raise up_my dear departed wife, Da Eleanor Price, from the dead; this is one of the greatest acts of charity you can possibly do, for my heart ready to break with grief at the consideration of so great a loss. This would be doing my- self, and all her relatiotis and friends, such an extraordinary kindnéss as wou'd necessarily ‘engage our daily prayers for your preserv oe as the best gratuity we could make you for ae great a benefit, tho’ were any other ‘compati- ble with the nature of the thing, and durst we offer, and you accept it, we shou’d thik nothing too much t6 give tothe utmost of éven to attempt 5 and wish the bare mention of it is rot offensive both to God and you. If your immediate presence is indispensably necessary, pray let me know it at the return of the post, that I may send a coach and six, and servants to attend you bere, with orders to defray the expences in a manner most suit- able to-your own desires ; or if your prayers will be as effectual at the distance you are from me, pray signify the same in a letter directed, by way of London, to, Bood Madam, your sink nate and. afflicted petitioner and humble servant, % brats Price, at Buckland, in 2} agp South “Wales. December 2, 1748. our abilities ; but I suppose this is not. ge qualities as ~-_ he ew Application ta Mrs. Bostock:to raise the + hace bea fit o _mankind,.a ‘nobody can disput alone, OHN Pai L Pray direct ‘your letter to Sir Jo God Almighty prosper t taking, and all others intended e lon an useful fron othe earth, ae mor you with e:ernal glo Kingdom of heaven ‘for Jesus Christ’s sake. ‘To Mrs, Bostock, Free—F. Bist. Nant wich, Cheshire. rs. acotagy Saint as a lepondence dill "not. be scimti ie that red to wi first ag tain agents 5 fini were yet as she athe red a’womuan, exe Sive grief was brought almost a ith’s e notwithstanding the advice of two. good phy- sicians for a considerable length of t'me, aud» the frequént use of medicine. One man who labo severely under an asthma and wind- chol e usual attendants on a broken cons stitution ; and anotliiy ho fron from his infancy had. prodigious tumors about neck and throat(three facts Iam well ig are true), byt three applications of fas anda little liquor of a red co seemingly inadequate duced; I cannot but conclude that she uses these as mere signs and symbols, and that it is by the efficacy of her ptayers alone that so many people as daily relftro her are healed ; and therefore, if God Almighty is es ° grant her requests in theseand many more similar instances, who .knows but he may do so in the particue For graciously condesce lar case 1 am so so) s about? power herein, it is infinite. these conser I Gesi a va the favor to il with her to a vent pray o the Throne bee Toathe reson dear, dear » who was not only one of the finest wo- men upon earth, but was endowed with ‘ane er per t you will be so goo ie Sioa uccess of this cA Bostock, who certainly (asa christian) ot ref to pray, in a case so important to, sed sll earnestly recommended to her, by your oblige humble servant, in HN PRICE. Buckland, March 25, 17 P.S. You ma assure er ith the strict- est truth, a ia a Ge io mae a _chirurgeon, » who nts to “make a joke of ae t oh unfortunate man om I sohailipe myself. te To the same. Sir—, re so kind to promise me the continuance of your good offices with Mrs. Bostock, pray do me the favor’ to acquaint 2 i, her ow Dial ” bi, e at Til not trouble her, " seech -Almighty God, whose power «is illi- tye and‘to whom a thousand ‘years are but “= yesterday, that he woud be now pleased to " rdise my dear deceased wife: upon which _ consi tion, the length of time is no cir- at ali; forhe canas asily raise our it, Eve, as any of her «laughters ta moment ago. above 1600 years after..his de- e. 17th Matt. 9th Mark, and 9th Luke, | her likewise revise the 37th of Ezekiel, colcerning the resurrection of the dry bones, ich being a type of the restoration of the _ Jewish State then in captivity, must therefore ¥ be real, and not visionary ; and also the 27th of Matthew and 52d verse, where it is re- eorded. that the graves were opened, and many i bedies which slept arose. But how long they ~ slept, is not mentioned ; and therefore, pro- bably,a long while (some of them at least), as they are be many in number. From) s 31 desires it, as I most sincerely do; but if she does not think this to be her duty, there’s an endofit, She must shut her‘Bible, and ne- vert pecp into it again, Since there is not one precept there more legible than that which commands us to pray for one another, even for our enemies as well as friends; andif she shuts her Bible for ever, she may as well give aver her prayers at the same time too; but] hope the poor old woman is of a better stamp ; and yet if you will befriend’ me so far as to labour. the point seriously with her, I don’t question your success so far as to prevail with her te pray : this is all I desire of her, and it is all T am persuaded she can doj and if she cou'd do more than all.the sons and daughters of Galen and Hippocrates ever did in the medicinal way, she could no more raise a dead persony than inspire a stone by that art: and I am thoroughly convinced, that she has really done such things as medicine can’t possiby. effect ; and at the same time without the commission or power of working miracles, I do, nay I must, conclude that whatever she has done in that way, was by the efficacy of her prayers alone ; for let her be ever so poor or stupid, she may be honest and religious too, and her prayers as acceptable in the sight of God, as ever Solomon’s were in the greatest id to all which Baila, appears from Scripture, purity of his heart ; may more so, since we possibly proscribe against God’s power. But if this be an objection now with Mrs. ostock, sure it could not be urged as such at the ‘first wrote'to her; ‘and therefore, Fconclude it to be her fear of undertaking so ny a journey, which induced her to deciine her compliance with my request. But to ob- i is impediment, pray tell her, that I k her presence here so very mate- her prayers at home, or at any dis- : may be as effectual, as ifthe re upon the spot. If she refuses this, sh not be that,good womai which e is nerally reputed i, ~ Pray let me hear soon what success this ne ts. with, and you will add to the ob- A } he aed conferr’d, on Sir, your hum- servant, Y* Joun Patce. 22, 1749 ‘ Buckland, April i ) in » ct +] a= & To the same. hs = : Sin—My he ing very precarious ever ce my poor d¢ ee death 3 it is but now ‘then that I ndertake the fatigue of writing, or else you had been troubled here- « With much Sooner, fo desire” will do me “the favour (a great one, ever t esteemed by me) to use your ttmost endeavours to pre- vail with Mrs. Bostock to pray for that whicl: L have so often’requested of her, as I have ful- Jy answered all her objections , agai rays for the restoration of the dead, whicl: if ” forgotten by hes I desire you to refresh hex Rees with, ope she will think it her duty to pray fora fellow’ christian when ‘he a d from reason both, that no length of time have now more than he had, viz. an adwecate with the Father, Fesus Christ the righteous whoa birth we on this day MiP Be oy and we cannot celebrate this great Festival aright, unless we testify our good will towards men} for this day was proclaimed from heaven by a choir of angels, singing aloud, Glory be ta God on high 5 on earth peace, good-will towards men. This corroborative argument must needs prevail with the old woman, if you will be | so good to use it, and if you are, at any ex- pence in visiting her, I will readily reimburse’ it, and satisfy you for your pains with all. Net that I think the old woman takes any presents (which if she did, her prayers would \not avail), but on the contrary I am assured she never did ; and therefore I am the more sur- rised that you report it of her, ebat she bas been found ont 3 what can she be detected in? — present. you with the compliments*of the season, and am your’s, Joun Parrce. | Buckland, Christmaz-day, 1749. ‘ To the Editor of the Monthly Magazin, SIR, es AVING perused with the greatest attention, the defence of only arrived in time to receive his last breath. , ; Such were the life and death of Paulus Manutius, the honour of his family and of his art; universally regretted, because he wags universally esteemed, He was in great favour with the rich and power- ful, but derived very little benefit from their patronage, of which, however, du- ring his whole life, he received continual assurances, His literary productions are nume- rous, and in particular remarkable for, their pure and elegant dictios#, formed upon the style of Cicero, which he made his constant study; as well as for their erudition and justness of criticism, ‘ ar- gutum judicis acumen.” by which he is eminently distinguished from the multi- tude of editors and commentators. Among the principal are, the collection of his Latin Letters and Prefaces; which rank among the very best modern writings in that language; his Italian Letters; Commenkaries on Cicero’s Epistles, Rhe- torical, and Philosophical works, and on his Ovations; Notes on Virgil; four treas tises of Roman Antiquities, viz. De Legi- bus, De Senatu, De Comitiis, and De Civitate Romana, Healsotranslated the Philippics of Demosthenes, and wrote other treatises which accompanied sone of his editions. rer THE LIFE OF ALDUS THE YOUNGER, THE SON OF PAULUS. LDUS the eldest son of Paulus Ma- nutius was born February 18, 1547; his father, who earnestly desired to make him a skilful and learned printer, paid the greatest attention to his educa- tion. The genius of the younger Aldus unfolded itself at a very early period, and promised that he would even excel his father and grand-father. At the age of eleven years, he published a work, probably not entirely his own, called, “ Eleganze della lingua Toscana e Lati- na.” This work met with yery great suc- cess ; it wastwice printed in 1558, again in the following year, and has appeared several times since, with additions and corrections. He continued, his labours «with a perseverance truly astonishing. In 1561, at the age of fourteen, bis “ Or- thographia Ratio,” was published. This valuable work furnished ah excellent system of Latin Orthography, derived from monuments, inscriptions, medals and manuscripts, Aldus being sent for to. Rome by his father in 1562, profitably employe 1508.] employed the time which he passed in that city, by visiting its libraries and mu- seums. Ile neglected none of the ancient monuments with which that city abounds, knowing the study of them to be so ne- cessary in those pursuits which engaged liis attention, and particularly in render- ing valuable his work on orthography. After the appearance of this work, Daus- quius, Cellarius and otber learned men, wrofe upon the same subject; but they have not supers:ded the work of Aldus, which indeed is amongst the most useful of his various publications. ire In 15638, during the stay of Aldus at Rome, a Sallust with notes and fragments -collected by him, appeared from his ta- ther’s press. He prefixed a dedication to the Jesuits of that city, which, however, is not found in some copies, dated from Venice 1563. Paulus Manvtius beheld with the most lively satisfaction, that li- ferary pursuits engaged the attention of his son atso early an age; which, at the ame time that they reflected upon him much honour, were laying the foundation of his future greatness, and. preserving him froni the evils inseparable from idle- yess and dissipation. At what time Aldus returned to Ve- nice is unknown, but certainly several years before his father, who, as we have seen, continued at Rome till 1570, du- ring which period the press at Venice, which was in a great measure under the ‘direction of Aldus, produced few new works; it was principally engaged in re- rinting those which had, before issued trom the Aldine press. In 1571, Aldus published a ‘** Velleius Paterculus,”* which his family had not yet printed, and whicht Fr. Asulanus, at the time that the first edition was printed at Basle in 1520 by eatus Rhenauus, iguorantly believed to be a modern work, or one posterior to In his preface to | the time of Augustus. Livy 1513, he thus expresses himself: * Basilccnes impressores aliud genus sce- leris commiserunt: hi enim historiam quandam rerum Romanarum sub pomine Paterculi ediderunt, cum aibil fere Lati- num in ea legatur quod Auyusti tempora jredoleat, quibus illum foruisse aiunt,” Ge ane Dam ae ano Tren Faber. * In this edition of »Velleius Paterculus Aldus widely departed from the just and lau- dable practice of his predecessors of publicly acknowledging the aid whch they. received from others. The learned Puteanus gave to Aldus his notes on this author, from which he tock as much only as he thought fit, and gave it to the world as his own. Memoirs of Aldus the Younger. 37 In the year 1572, Aldus married Francesca Lucrezia of the family of the Giunti of Florence, a branch of which had been a long time established at Venice, and there exercised the art of printing with considerable reputation, In 1574, having, by the death of his father, be- come proprietor of the press, which he had for some time solely conducted, Al- dus did not abandon his private pursuits, and in 1575 he published “ Le Locutioni dell’ Epistole di Cicerone,” 8vo. “ Epi- tome Orthographiz,’” 8vo. and also in the following year a Commentary upon Ho- race’s Art of Poetry, and a small~buat learned volume, “ De Quaesitis per Epis- tolam,” in which he discusses thirty ques- tions of antiquity; which dissertations have since been reprinted in several col- lections. ; , About this time he was chosen pro- fessor of belles lettres, and reader in the schools of the chancery, where young men were instructed, who aspired to offices of state in the republic. In 1580, he reprinted his “ Eleganzé,” &c. with many additions. A. short journey to Milan, which he undertook in 1582, where he was kindly received by Cardinal Charles Borromeo, gave him an opportunity of forming a friendship with Goselini, who, in one of his letters, says, that when Aldus quitted him, he went to Ferrara, where he saw the unfortunate Torq. Tasso in the most deplorable condition, “ non per lo senng, del quale gli parve -al lungo ragionare ch’egli ebbe seco, intero e sano, ma per Ia nudezza e fame, ch’egli pativa pri- gione, e privo della sua liberta,” &c. Tn 1588, Aldus published his complete edition of Cicero in. 10 vols. folio, with very ample commentaries. This is the most voluminous work that has appeared from this press; but it must not be sup~ posed that it was the production of one year. Since 1578, several of the works of Cicero had been successively printed in folio, and in 1583, Aidus completed in four volumes his philosophical and, ora- torical works, whicli alone were wanting, and gave new titics to six other volumes in order-to form a complete and uniform edition. His professorship of eloquence and of the belles lettres at Venice, could, not fail to attract a number of auditors, among whom were some young Vene- tian noblemen, for whose use he drew up a sinall treatise, entitled “ Il Perfette Gentilhuomo,” which he printed in 1584, nearly at ihe time that he was deprived of 33 ‘of the employment of secretary to the se- mate. : j These various occupations, and the small income which his press, though it hac latterly declined, stil] afforded, would have enabled him to live respectably in his own country, had not the hope: of Better fortune, determmed him in 1585, to quit his house and his printing office, and to bid his country an eternal adyeu. €. Sigonio who had so long been profes- sor of cloguence at Bologna, died the preceding year, and the Bolognians were desiauus that Aldus should be his succes- so, /Advantageéous offers were mage and atlength accepted. The first of his “Le tere Volgari,” dated May 25th, 1585,ad- dressed to Monsig. Gio. Angelo Papio de Salerne, who had greatly exerted Hinself on this occasion, proves that at this pe- viod he was already at Bologna. The last work which he published at Venice, was his collection entitled ‘¢ Lo- eutioni di Terentio, 1585, 8vo. an author whom he had Jong and attentively stu- died; and the first which appeared at Bologna, was a Commentary upon the Ode of Horace, “ De Laudibus Vitz Rustice, 1586,4to. which hededicated to Julius, the son of George Cuntarini. I the same year he printed in folio very elegantly, “ La Vita di Cosimo de’ Medici,” the tirst of the grand Dukes of Tascany, and dedicated it to Philip IT. king of Spain. It appears that this work was very much esteemed by Francisco de’ Medici, the reigning duke, and son of Cosmo the Great, and that Aldus was -midebted to its publication for the offer which this prince made him of the pro- fessorship of belles-lettres in the Univer- sity of Pisa, an offer which was accom- _panicd by so many advantageous condi- tions, that he thought it not prudent to refuse it. But he had scarcely accepted this appoiitment, when he received an invitation not less honourable from Rome; it Was a nomination to the professorship which had so long been enjoyctl with de- served renown by the famous Mare. Ant. Muretus, who had been his own and his father’s faithful friend, and who died in June 1585, in his sixtieth yeat But Aldus, determining to continue at Pisa, refused the offer of the Romans: yet such was the reputation he had acquired, and so great was the respect paid to his talents and person, that, notwithstanding his refusal, his name was inserted in their hst of professors and the vacant chair was not supplied by any other person. Tn Aptil 1587, he quitted Bologna, re- Memoirs of Aldus the Younger. [Aec. 1, paired to Florence, and from thence to Pisa, where he took the degree of Dod tor * in utrogue jure,” and in November following he delivered the funeral osa- tion on Francisco, Dake of Tuscany, who died the preceding October. This has been printed under the title: ‘ Oratio de Prancisci Medices Magni Etrurie Ducis laudibus, habita ab Aldo Mannuccio in’ augustissima aede Pisana XI. Kal. De- cembris, 1587, 4to.” About this ume, he was received, into the Academy at Florence, and was in- vited to meke a public harrangue, at the ensuing carnival, which he did on the 28th of February 1586, in the hall of the Medici. This oration has also been printed. In the following autumn he passed the holidays at Lucca, that he might be en- abled to collect the necessary materials for the Life of the famous Castruccio Castracani, who, at the commencement of the 14th century, was only a private individual, but who succeerted in render- ing limself the sovereign or rather the tyrant of Lucca and the adjacent coun~ ty. "3 His history had been written in Latin by Nic. Tegri:ni, and in Italian, by Nic, Machiavelli; but Aldus being dissatis- fied with these two works, had for some years meditated the design of writing upon the same subject. With this view, in 1588, he undertook his joarney to Lucca, where from the public archives, and from Bernardo’ Antelininelli, one of the descendants of this family, he re- ceived ample and satisfactory documents. With this assistance, he published a_his- tory of this extraordinary man, who, by some has been styled a great prince, and by others a perfidious and cruel usurper. It appeared at Rome 1590, under the title: “Le Azionidi Castruccio Castracane degli Antelmineili signore di Lucca, con Ja genealogia della famiglia, estratta dalla, nuova Descrittione d’ Italia, di Aldo Man- nucci.” j ; The professorship at Rome, which had been offered to Aldus in June 1585, had, since his refusal, been snffered to remain vacant, from the hope that he would de- etermine to accept it; at length, after having resided at Pisa about two years and ‘being intreated by his friends and even by Pope Sixtus V. he resolved to’ accept this oflice, the emoluments of which were far more considerable, while its celebrity gave him the prospect of ex- tending his reputation. Upon his arrival at Rome the new professor delayed re . the 1808.] the publication of two small tracts which had been composed some time before. “One was: “ Instruttione politica di Ci- cerone scritta in una pistola a Quinto il fratello, nuovamente tradotta in lingua volgare. In Roma, per il Santi e com- pagni, 1588, 12mo.” which work was de- dicated to Alessandro di Sangro. The other, contained: “ Varie descrittioni di Ville di Cy Plinio secondo, volgarizzate da Aldo, a petizione di Carnillo Palesito,” The account of these two works was given hy Zeno. Aldus continued the duties of his office, after the death of Sixtus Vv which hap- pened in 1590; and fis condition was aineliorated onder Clement VIII. by whom he was entrusted with the care of the Vatican press, which had been founded under the direction of Domenico Basa, a good Venetian printer, with whom Aidus was te act as fellow-labourer. Zeno observes that during these last years the presses of Aldus at Venice were nut inactive, but continued at work, under the direction of Nic. Manassi and other skilful foremen; but itis more probable that this establishment became the ex- elusive property of Manassi, either in 1585, the year in which Aldus took a final leave of Venice, or a short time after. Indeed the style of Manassi in his prefaces, and ‘the manner in which his correspondence was conducted with learned men, sufliciently prove that he was proprietor and not merely conductor of the press. Tn 1592, Aldus published at Rome his “ Lettere Volaan, presso il Santi e com- pagui, 4to.” aud dedicated them to Lodo- vico Riecio, a Milanese gentleman. Du- ring the five years which preceded his Weath, Aldus published no new work; his attention was principally directed to his public lectures, and the cares atten- dant on the Vatican press, the manage- ment of which he shared with Domenico Basa. In closing thelist of his numerous eworks, it is necessary to mention one which did not appear till after his death, in 1601, appresso Guyliclmo Facciotto, © Venticinque Discorsipolitici sopra Livio della seconda guerra Cartaginese, 8vo,” He proposed publishing a revised edition of Plautus, with commentaries, and like- wise an accurate Déscription of Italy, with the outline of every city; a work, which if completely executed, would have beenat once a generaland particular history. In the tenth year of lis residence at Rome, ou the 25th of October 497, Al- 7 Memoirs of Aldus the Younger. 39 dus died at the age of 50 years, eight months and twenty-two days. He wag the last of a family that did honour to learning and'to the art of printing, and whose reputation will exist whilst one vo- lume shall remain of the many excelleat ones which they printed in the course of acentury. The younger Aldus had se- veral children, all of whom died in their youth, and left him no posterity but his writings. Being the successor of bis ta- ther and grand-father, who were men of extraordinary industry and learning, he enjoyed a celebrity, for which he was perliaps as much indebted to the high respect which had been entertained for them, as to his own personal merit. Lis youth had been brilliant, and the great success which some early literary pro- ductions had met with, acqmred hin @ premature reputation, which diverted his attention from the desire of that charac- ter, which although less flattering to self- love, would have proved more lasting and secure, He yielded to the pleasure of composition, and neglected the profes- sion which had established the reputation of his father and grandfather. fnstead therefore of obtaining, like them, the first rank in the list of printers, he was a writer, excelled by many others far more learned than himself. It must, however, beacknowledged, that circumstances were much more favourable to the success of Aldus the elder, and of Paulus Manutius ; the former lived at a period when the best works of ancient literature required only the skilful and laborious hand to pre- serve them from destruction, With pro- found knowledge and” perseverance, he engaged in the labours of the press, and found the learned world desirous uf ob= taining his editions. Few ancient writ- ings were left to engage the attefition of Paulus Manutius. The°stores of Greek literature were nearly exhausted, but the revisal of them had hitherto been néglect- ed, and the numerous editions which he published with important corrections in the text, had an equally favourable recep- tion, with those printed by his father. Their sucCessor, was the younger Aldps, who perhaps considered that he might be more suitably and usefully employed in commenting upon the works which had so frequently been reprinted by his fa- ther and grandfather, than in publishing new editions.. He was also more cele- brated for his industry and researsh, than for any striking proofs of genius. Me possessed the qualities of a map of. erudi- tion, rather than those of a ian of taste; bi at ~ 40 ; ‘ at least his literary labours were defi- cient in that judgment and feeling, which . so eminently distinguished those of Pau- lus Manutius. The numerous events of his life are proofs, that a certain incon- stancy of mind, prevented his being con- tented for any length of time in one place, and precluded a steady perseve- gance in the same labours; we have seen him a printer, a secretary to the senate, a professor of the belies-lettres, and suc- Original Poetry. [Aug. 1, cessively established at Venice, at Bo- logna, at Pisa, and at Rome, although he died at an early age. His works are in general those of a learned man, and par- ticularly of a grammarian, one who well understuod the* subjects which engaged his attention, and the language in which he wrote; but the contrast is great be- tween his style, and that of Paulus Ma- nutius, which was never less correct, and always more elegant. ORIGINAL POETRY. a SCOTTISH SONG. Tunr.—** 0 a the airts the win’ can blaw.” A BONNY lass I dearly like And feel a tervent flanie, Aftthinkin’ of ber form I rove But dinna ken her name. Luve’s darts are in her twa blue een, _ Her form is grace itsel’; Whane’er she smiles her beauty’s seen An’ mair than I can tell. A something that I canna name Comes drizzlin’ thro’ my bluid, An’ strives for vent thro’ a’ my frame, I'm thinkin’ it’s nae gude. But I’ve an inklin® what it’s now It’s nae witchcraft ill thing, But just lve’s darts are shootin’ thro” An’ that’s the verra thing. What if she'd gie a chidin’ frown, Or.-cast a jeerin’ ce, Wi thoughs o’ that 1’m dizzy grown, I think *twad gar me die. We aukwait glee I'd sing her charms, An’ tout her beauty’s ‘ame 5 But I maun dumb and dowie be, I dinna ken her name. Edinburgh. ALEXANDER SCOTUS. ee eee , SONNET, WRITTEN IN YOUTH, By MISS STARKE. WHERE are the fancied joys which erst cou’d show’r On this young head ineffable delight ? Where are the fancied woes whose freezing pow’r * The op’ning bloom of happiness coud blight? ; Where are those hopes which led me to de- sire Love’s rosy chain, or Grony’s proud ar- ray? Awhile they flam'd, a fierce and dang’rous Lot ef AXES F ; Then, like some transient whirlwind, died away. & Strong-pinion’d Fancy, hence! delude no more 3 My brightest hopes were nought but fragile glass ; ‘No longer their destruction P’ll deplore,’ But, of the scatter’d fragments form a mass ; Which, by the furnace of Experience join’d, Shall prove henceforth, a mirror for my mind. SE ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF A LADY. By Mr. PENWARNE. AT sober eve I'slow ascend the hill, And view where glorious sinks the orb of day, Gilding the distant track of yonder rili, That down the valley holds its devious way. Along whose pleasant banks TI oft have stray’d With Anwa, peerless maid, whose loss I mourn 3 And mark with pleasing’ pain, amid the shade, The lingering light still hang upon her urn The fairest gem that Nature ever form’d; The loveliest fowerthatadorn’dher wreath; Virtue the brightest that e’er bosom warm'd; Lie in the sullen cold embrace of Death. Yet Nature mourns not—not for ANNA fall Those pearly tears that glitter on the ground: Unheedful she to sorrow’s gentle call, Unmov’d, pursues her fix’d eternal round. Yet not unheedéd, let her lessuns pour, Sweet consolation with her ever dwells 5 Observe her well in every varying hour, And this important truth she ever tells, ‘¢ All things have end, but to begin again.—= ‘6 The babbling brook which seems not to _ return, s¢ But hastens headlong to the boundless Main 5 66 Rais'd by the sun shall fill again its urn. 4 Ripe- 4 1808.1 Original Poetry. 4 41 “ Ripe for the sickle, see yon smiling plain; «6 Gay in her waving vest of yellow corn. ' #€ Know pensive mortal, that the golden a grain, ‘ “ Perish’d inearth, ere it again was born. The sun itself, now sunk beneath the wave, Again’ shall light this world—again sball rise ; And from the ocean spring,as fgom his grave, And run his course of glory in the skies. ie | THE DAYS THAT ARE GONE. By Mra. TOMLINS, OF SHREWSBURY. THE sun was departed, the mild zephyr blowing, Bore over the plain the perfume of the flowers, : : In sot undulations the streamlet was flowing; * And ‘calm Meditation led orward the hours. I struck the full chord, and the ready tear & started, -___-Isung of an exile, forlorn, broken-hearted ; Like him from my bosom all joy is departed, And sorrow has stol’a from the lyre all its powers. I paus’d on the strain, when fond memory 2 tenacious, Presented the form I, must ever esteem, . Retrac’d scenes of pleasure, alas! how fal- .. “ -lacious t Evanescent all, all, as the shades of a dream ; Yet still as they rush’d thro® oppress’d re- collection The silent tear fell, and the pensive reflec- tion, ~ Immers’d my sad bosom in deeper dejection 5 On-which cheering Hope scarcely glances . 2 beams In vain into beauty all Nature is springing, In vain smiling Spring does its blossoms unfold, In. vain round my cot the wing’d choristers singing, ‘When each soft affection is dormantand cold, As the merchant is sad, when bereav’d of his treasure, . $0 slow beats my heart, and so languid its ‘ measure Sodreary,so luncly, a stranger to pleasure, Around it Affliction her mantle hath rol?’d. But meck resignation supporting the.spiriz, Unveils a bright scene to the uplifted eye ; A scene which the patient and pure shall in- herit ; Where hearts bleed'no more, and the tegr shail be dry. There souls which on earth in each osher delighted, By friendship, by honor, by virtue united, Shall meet, and their pleasures no more shall be blighted, But perfect and pure as their love be their ; Joy. Monrury Mac, No. 174 IMITATION OF A BEAUTIFWL ODE OF SAPPHO, Daivelas root xivog toos Sectoiy Sc, By JAMES HORATIO RUDGE, a.B. THE youth who sees thee sweetly smiley And fordly listens all\the while, Just like the Gods is he ; And, as thy numibers smoothly flows His breast with Jove begins to glowy As close he sits by thee, *T was this that rais’d, with subtile art, Vhe fever of my jealous heart, And wither’d every grace ; For while Iview'd, in transports tost, My roseate charms were gone, were losty The dimple of my face, Ah! while I gaz’d, my colour fled, A paleness o’er my cheeks was spread, The livid hue of death ; Swift stole within asubtile flame, “That fast consum’d my vital frame, The just-expiring breath. Cold chilling damps around me grew, My trembling limbs were chill’d with dew, My eyes forgot to play; With hollow sounds my ears were thrill’d, -My breast with ianguor then was fill’d*, I fainted, died away. Bigods, April, 1808. EEE IMITATION. TEMPLE OF GNIDUS. By JAMES HORATIO RUDGE, A.B. HIS lovely Gnidus cyarms the goddess? sight, Attracts her presence, and her looks delight, ’Tis there she lovesto dwell; celestial queen! And sport with rapture o’er the Gnidiaz ~ green: - No more can Paphos now impart delight, Nor Amathonian groves enchant her sight. She ne’er descends from proud Olympi seat, : But e’er she visits Gnidus’ soft retreat. The happy Gnidians, accustom’d tu her view, Ne’er struck with t@rror, do her presence rue3; Unlike the mortal race with awe inspir’d, The goddess view, and are with transport fird: Whene’er she comes, from o’er the bending skies, = To charm with raptures her lov’d Gnidians* £¥es 5 She oft descends, in cloud-like. form array’d, And leads her Gnidians thro’ each flow’ry mead. r > Her auburn locks with heav’nly odours crown’d, E’er soft diffuse ambrosial sweets around 5 The goddess’ presence then is owned by all, All teel her pow’r, as all obey her call. EE SSE OO eae * In she original yrwporéga de mains Epcpite G - *Midst 42 | “Original Poetry. *Midst Doris’ plains, see mantles Gnidus fair, ©n which the Gods bestow'd their earfest care, E’er tis adorn’d with mild eternal spring, Ever flowers blossom, and e’er linnets sing 5 With fertile wealth e’er smiles the happy ground, Each wish is humour’d, is each desire crown’d. Flocks e’er innumerous o’er the plains are seen, And frisk and wanton on the verdant green : The whisp’ring breezes seem alone to blow, To make all Nature with luxuriance glow ; Alone the flow’rs their brightest beauties yield, ’ To breathe their perfume o’er the enamel’d field. Here warbling choristers attune their song, Trees seem list’ning, as they their notes pro- long: . ; And oft, you'd say, the woeds themselves they sing; , And with one soft harmonious echo ring. E’er limpid streams remurmur thro’ the scen¢, While cooling zephyrs play along the green: The Sun’s mild lustre beanis on all around, See flowers rise, and verduresdeck the ground. ‘The, air tea breathes with true voluptuous fire, : y The sense to charm, and all the soul. in- spire*™, Bigods, May, 1808. sectoral ss TRANSLATION OF THE)FIRS/T ELEGY OF TIBULLUS. L=t others grasp of shining gold a heap, Or their well-cultivated fields increase } Altho’ the trampet’s ¢lanyor banish sleep, And iears of neighbouring foes allow”no peace. Me Poverty to idler scenes confines, While’ my small hearth illumes a feeble blaze ; Content with care to train my cufling vines, And with nice hand the glowing apple raise. Come smiling Hope,a plenteous harvest yield, And bid my racy wines in streams o’erflow 3 Low I adore the land-mark of the field; Over highway stone, where votive chaplets blow. The choicest fruits the early year can give, Thou God of rural industry, be thine ; Ceres a spiky crownet shall receive OF wheat-ears form’d, an off’ring.at her shrine. Plac’d where the garden's liberal storés abound,’ Priapus with his hook the birds shall scare; Ye Lares too, where plenty once was found, Tho? steril now, display your kindest care. * Wair ne s'y respire qwavec Ja-voluptés [Aug. 1, A calf to bless my numerous herds then bled, Now a small lamb my tribute must dis- charge 5 Yet o’er the pealing crowd your bounties shed, A flowing vintage, and a harvest large. If my low state shou’d fail content to give, No better wou’d more distant fields supply ; But I was born in rural ehades to live, ‘* And listen to the brook that babbles by.” Nor wou'd I deem it shame the prong to bear, And goad the ling'rig oxen on their way, To take the lamb deserted to my care, Or kidling when its heedless dam’s astray. From my small flock ye thieves, ye wolves retrain, Let larger herds your depredations rue 5 Yearly I purify my shepherd swain, And gentle Pales with new milk bedew. Attend ye gods, nor scorn our willing dues, From frugal board, and earthen dishes paid, And bowls, such as our swains are wont to use, Of plastic clay by their fore-fathers made. No parents’ gather’d wealth, no grandsires’ hoards ‘ Task, enough my little farm bestows ; Enough the shelter that my roof affords, And of m* accustom’d "bed the sweet ree pose. And there reclin’d to hear the tempest roxn, Securely resting on my fair one’s breast, And sleep while wintry storms their torrents pour, A Lull’d by the pattering rain tu balmy rest. Be this my lot, let those who plough the seas, And brave the storm be*rich, it is their due; Perish the glittering gold, the diamond’s blaze, Ere one fair weeping maid my deeds shalt rué. °° War, war, be thine, by land or on the main, May hostile spoils, my friend, thy hall adorn 3 Icrouch beneath my much-loy’d.fair one’s chain, , And sit and watch th’ unyielding door for- Jorn, With thee, my Delia, I cou’d fame despise, And smile when call’d inactive or supine; Wouldst thou attend to close my dying eyes, And clasp my clammy clay-cold hand ia thine. : When on the bier my last sad relics rest, Kisses and.tears shall speak my Delia's moan j; wa Deeply she'll grieve, for in her gentle breast Dwell not the nerve of steel, the heart of stone, ' With tearful eyes each youth my tomb shall ‘ leave, ©- With tearful eyes each virgin home repair; Yet wound me not sweet maiden inthe grave, Thy roseate cheeks thy glossy ringlets Spare. , But now, while fate allows, let Love preside 5 Death, wrapt ia murky clouds pujsues his wa > Te , / 1808.] To creeping age love’s feelings are deny’d, “Nor suit his blandishments with locks of ‘ gray. Then let us bow at laughing Venus’ shrine, “Let fun and frolic, j=st'and joke abound! A soldier brave in these soft wars J shines ; Ye trumpets, ensigns, quit this peaceful ground! The wounds in honour’s cause, to others bear, The splendid meed ‘let Others too enjoy ; In humble competence I smile at care, And wealth despise, and penury defy. ‘ Seen eee TRANSLATIONS FROM THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE ZNEID. IV. Tortures of the Damned. Now on the left, beneath a: mountain’s shade, The prince a spacious citadel survey’d, _ Girt with a triple wall, where, all around, A flaming river foamed with thundering sound, Tartarean Phlegethon, and roaring wile Rolled mighty rocks in its tremendous tide. A massy gate across the stream appear’d, On solid adamantine columes rear’d, Which all the world combin’d, and ‘these that reign In heay’n’s high mansions, would assault in vain. Where high an iron tow’r ascends in state, There; night and day, before the enormoys ate, In bloody robe, with eyes that never sleep, _ The fury sits, eternal watch to keep. _ Deep, dismal, groans, the fatal sound con- tains, The savage echdings of inflicted pains 5 ; The crush of steel; and heavy clank of / chains. The infernal noise with horror filled his breast, While thus the Trojan prince his guide ad- drest, ‘© What micerable crimes, oh holy seer, *¢ What dreadful tortures strike upon mine ear? What mean those groans, and that appal- ; ling cry ?” Then, thus she said, ** Illustrious chief of Troy, «© No holy sou! can o’er this threshold go, * Nor vee the abhorred land of sin and woe ; _ € But when the God that rules the night * above '. First made me priestess of the Avernian grove, € She taut me all the modes of torture, shed By nears’ 8 high vengeance on the guilty ead * Crete’s Rhadamanthus. fills the gloomy throne * Of these dire realms, unenvied, and alone. Orig ginal Poetry. + 43 ** Qn treason’s hateful front to him ‘tis given ** To guide the thunders of offended heaven. «© Whoe’er on earth hath rioted secure In sin, here feels that vengeance, late, but sure, *€ Which Jove, insulted, but defers, to shew ‘© Th’ omniscient power that governs all bee low. ‘‘ Armed with immortal wrath, the Fury shakes ‘¢ For ever from her hair th’ avenging snakesy. « And calls the savage sister-band, to share ‘© With her the torturing scourge, and office pf despair.” Now, with tremendous sound, the sacred gate Slow on its hinges turned its massy weight. s* See, what a spectre sits, the porch before, ‘What form infernal guards the dreadful door ?” ** Fierce Hydra lies within those gloomy caves, (‘© And opens wide her fifty yawning graves, ) S¢ Those caves, whose-depth beneath the’ world above “Is twice the distance from that world. to Jove. €* The Giant-race, whch Earth to Titan bore,, “ The ancient race which scaled high heaven of yore, *« Hurled by celestial thunders from on high, *¢ There, rolling in the deepest cavern, lie. ‘© Neptune’s enormous sons I saw, who strove *¢ From his yast throne to drive immortal Jove. © Tsaw Salmoneus, writhing with his pains, “ Who, monarch once of Elis” fruitful plains, ‘* Prophan’d the Olympian thunders, and the fire, («In impious madness) of heaven's awful Sire. ‘¢ Borne by four steeds, rejoicing in his might, s¢ Thro’ Elis’ streets he flashed his torches’ light, ** And, with resounding triumph as he rode, 6¢ Claim’d the high hanoyrs of th’ insulted God. ‘ Madman ! with brass and sounding steeds who strove *€ To mock the thundering clouds that crash above, ‘¢ And the inimitable fires of Jove ! ‘« But, vailed in night’s impenetrable shrowd, ‘© The almighty Father thundered from his cloud 5 "No flaming torch or glittering brass he sent, «© But the fierce lightnings of the firmament. *¢ Strack by his bolt, the self-erected God ‘¢ Fell from his lofty saat to Pluto’s deep abode. *« Tityus I saw, whom earth’s all-fostering womb «* Brought forth, there fixed by fute’s relen& less doom, 66 Over b 44 Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. [Aug. 1, £¢ O’ernine vast leagues the unwieldy giant lay, 66 While the-fierce vulture, fastening on her preys ‘ &¢ For ever his immortal liver tore, «6 His growing entrails gnawed, and drank his gore 5 % Fixed in his heart her seat, and there re- “mains ; » 66 To feast her thirsty beak with everlasting pains. . & Why. should my tongue Ixion’s woes relate, « The Lapithe, or bold Pirithoiis’ fate, #6 O’er whom the rocks black shade for ever ‘ spreads, 4¢ Yn hideous ruin trembling o’er their heads? «¢ The feast, prepared in oriental state, «¢ The'couch, infgilded pomp, before them wait, 4¢ While the relentless Fury round them va stands, é¢ And guards the banquet from their eager hands, ¢¢ And, as they draw the tempting vision near, 46 Darts forth her flaming torch, and thunders in their ear. « Here lay, expecting direful torments, those ¢¢ Who held, inlife, their brethren as their foes, 4¢ Who drove their aged parents from the door, 4& Whose fraud deceived, or force oppress’d , the poor, 46 And that vast tribe, whose selfish harden’d breast, a Extracts from the Port-folio of [Communications to this Article are alway ¢¢ The love-destroying thirst of gold possess’d, ¢¢ And those who died in foul adultery ta’en, ‘¢ And those in treacherous arms and base . rebellion slain, *€ Seek not their various, punishments to know, “‘ Their different fates, and torturing modes of woe. 6 Some roll for ever the rebounding stone ; 6 Some on the wheel's eternal motion groan. *¢ Unhappy Theseus sits in silence there, ‘¢ For ever sits, upon histocky chair. - “© There, the most miserable Phlegyas laid, *¢ With warning voice cries loudly through the shade, «© (A dreadful witness!) Every mortal hear ! «¢ Learn justice! and the heavenly powers revere !” 6¢ This wretch enslaved his native land for gold, ‘6 By that his country’s honour’d laws were - sold. <¢ With love incestuous this his daughter press’d. ¢¢ AJl dared some monstrous crime, and what they dar’d possess’d. s* Not tho’ I had an hundered different tongues, «¢ An hundred mouths, and adamantine lungs, « Could I each various form of guilt and woe «¢ By man atchiewd, and heav’n inflicted, shew” === lan of Letters. kfully received. J hs ALMATEO. VERY pretty girl who was blind of the right eye, had a brother blind~ of the left. Upon these circumstances Almateo wrote the following distich. * Blande puer! lumen quod habes contede sorori; Sic tu cecus Amor! sic erit illa Venus. Tt is a most elegant thought and would not have disgraced the pen of an Ovid or a Catullus. WHITFIELD. This remark is very admirable. When some gentlemen blamed Mr. Whitfield for having set the hymns which were supg in his chapel to profane tunes, he made the following smart repartee : Would .you wish, gentlemen, that the Devil should keep all the good tunes to himself. _ __ SIR THOMAS ROBINSON, Sir T. R..was @ very tall and thin man. He one day asked Lord Chester- _ held to»make some verses on him. Lis Lordship instantly made the following distich: Unlike my subject now shall be my song, It shall be witty, and it sha’n’t belong. FOOTE. Foote was extremely happy in repar~ tee. Lord Sandwich once said to him, “Foote, you will certainly die of some bad disorder, or be hanged some day.” That, indeed, I may, my Lord, replied Foote, if I embrace either your Lord- ship’s mistresses, or your Lordsbsp’s prit- ciples, SOBIESKI, KING OF POLAND. When the Turks besieged Vienna, as the King of Poland mounted his horse to succour that town, his Queen looked him in the face, burst into tears, and em- braced a young child she had in her arms. When the King addressed her in the following manner: “ Madam, what is the cause of your tears?” She answered him, “ Sire, I lament that this infunt is not in a state capable of follow- ing 1808.] Lxtracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. 45 ing you asthe rest of your subjects are.” Immediately after the. King addressing himself to a messenger that was stand- ing near him, said, “* Tell the Pope, that ou saw me on Horseback, and that jenna is released.” When he had raised the sieve; he wrote to the Pope, “I came, I saw, but God conquered.” Alluding to -Cesar’s expression of “ Veni, Vidi, Vici.” THE DILEMMA OF PROTAGORAS. Protagoras maintained that all is illu- sion and that there is no such thing as truth. But Aristotle refuted him by the following dilemma: ‘“‘ Your proposition is true or false; if is false, then you are answered ; if true, then there is some- thing true, and your proposition fails.” CARDINAL MAZARINE. . Cardinal Mazarine ‘said to Villeroi a few days before his death, which hap- pened in the year of our Lord 1661; §¢ Villeroi, in thie state in which I am at present, we do many things which, were we in health, we should not even think of doing.” The day after he saw Monsieur the King’s (Lewis 14th) brother, and had along conference with him. He after- wards found out that the Cardinal had not told him one single word of truth. gi" THEODORE BEZA: He died at Geneva, in 1605. He had been married three times, on which ‘sub- ject Stephen Paynier wrote the following lines: Uxores ego tres vario sum tempore nactus, Cum juvenis, tum vir factus, et inde senex; Propter opus prima est validis mihi juncta sub armis, Altera propter opes, tertia propter opem. FROM PIECES INTERESSANTES ET PEU - CONNUES. — . George II. on his return to Lon- don, after the battle of Dettingen, could with difficulty bear the sight of Lord Stair. He could not forgive his Lordship’s reproaching him for the dan- ger which threatened the English army, in case the King had obstinately persisted in learing it iv the camp which it occu- pied, and where it would have been com- pletely defeated, if the Duke de Gram- mont by his rashness had not saved it. Lord Stair, ‘as proud as he was skilful in war, having soon perceived the King’s dislike, and being little disposed to bear the shame of a: formal-disgrace, was on the point of retiring to bis estate in Scot- land, when he received the following letter. “MY Lomp, © Yourbravery is wellknown: hut will you have the courage to go, to-morrow night, to the entrance of Somerset-house, where you will meet one who' (if you dare follow him) will conduct you to a part of the town not much frequented, but where you will find one who is impatient to see you, and to discover secrets which are of more importance than you imagine, and which cannot be disclosed ina letter. If you are afraid this should be a plot on your purse, bring nothing valuable about you.” We may conceive his Lordship’s sur- prise at the reading of this note. At first be took it'for a trick of some secret enemy ; or some affair ofgallantry, the heroine of which had probably her reasons for so acting: howevershe determined to go. He therefore, after providing him- self with a sword and a brace of good pistols, went to Somerset-house, . and found there a man,who,without speaking,’ made him a sign to follow him: after walking for about an hour, they came in- to a street almost empty, where the con- ductor knocked at the door of a small old house: when it was opened, he said, Walk in, my Lord, and the door was shut upon them. The intrepid noble- man, holding his sword in one hand and a pistol in the other, went up the stair- case and entered a room; the furniture of which seemed very ancient, “Come in, my Lord, (said a faint voice issuing from’ a bed) come in, you ‘have nothing to fear: pray sit down in the chair near my bed, and we will converse together.” Very well, said Lord S.; but make haste and tell me the reason of this odd adventure. You are hasty, my Lord, but “have patience: Jay down your arms ; take that seat, and come and look at me.” His Lordship, sur- prised at such’ authoritative commands, to which he was little accustomed, got up, took the lamp, went to the bed, and.re- mained stupified at the sight of an old man, pale and thin, with a long white beard, and whose eyes were instantly fix- ed upon him, Look at me, my Lord,” said he, “Iam still alive, I owe to you the only true pleasure I have tasted these many, many years. Age and misfortunes have they entirely effaced the marks of one who 1s nearly related to you, and wha is delighted to find in you features which are most dear to him?” His Lordship, — still more astonished, looked at the old man, and unable to account for the dif- férent emotions ‘which agitated him, spoke not a word. “ Stoop,” said the old man, “ and you will find under my bed a box which contains papers capable of amply repairing the losses. which your family has suffered by the civil wars.” - His 46 His Lordship having placed the box en the bed, sat down again on the chair. ‘Here, my Lord,” said the old man, “here are copies of the sales .of three of the principal seats belonging to your, ancestors, which your great grand- father sold, or rather pretended to-sell, during the troubles. Here are also the letters of the pretended buyers, by which you may immediately recover the estates on your arrival in Scotland, Precautions have been taken to prevent any dis- putes.” What was his Lordship’s astonish- ment when he saw these three contracts of estates, which he knew formerly be- longed to his house: “* Ah!” cried he with transport, “ Ah! who are you, re- spectabie and benevolent old man, to whom I owe more than to my own father? speak, I beg of you! favor me with the name of so generous a benefactor in whom [am so singularly interested, and whose days heaven seems to have pro- Jonged, that he may find in me, the most tender and respectable of friends, and the mostjgrateful of men!” ‘“ Leave me, my dear Lord,” said the old man, in haste, “ I am too weak to bear a longer coversation, leave me, I beg; take that box and bid adieu to an old man, who thinks himself less unfortunate since he has had the happiness of holding you in his arms.” “ Ah! whoever you are,” said Lord’S. “ and whatever reasons you may have to conceal the name of so ge- merous a man, can you have the cruelty to oblige me to obey you? To abandon you in sucha situation, without friends, Without help, without —,” “ Stop, my Lord! it is with pleasure I see in you such generaus sentiments ; but know that your friend (since you think him worthy of that title) however unfortunate he may be in other respects, is still free from want; therefore, if you wish to oblige me, leave me, my Lord, instantly; nay, do more, and believe me I have a right to demand it: swear to me that you) will never come here again, nor ever search after me, unless I send for you.” His Lordship seeing by his tone of voice that he would not be refused, promised to obey him; once more embraced him, and then left him with tears in his eyes. On his return home he immediately opened the box, and found a great number of pa-. pers which he judged would be of great use to him. Next morning, as he was preparing (notwithstanding his promise) to return to the old man, he was sudden- ly stopped by the following letter, sealed XN Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters, (Aug. 1,» with his own arms,'and to his extrém surprise, sicued George Stair. a “Do ‘not return to me; my, lear Lord, for you will not find me. Tt it had been only to tell you who Tam, that is, your great grand-father, who has so long been supposed dead, and who justly deserved to be so; I should not have opposed your just desire of knowing your benefac- tor; but the consequences whieh fF fore- saw of so interesting a scene, too much so for my weak age to bear, made me dread to satisfy your curiosity, upon circum- stances, which far from offering to you so dear and respectable a relation as you imagined, would only have shewn to you a wretch—a monster less worthy of pity than horror! “ My father died a few months after my birth; my mother soon followed him ; I was left to the care of an aunt, sister to my father, who brought me up so tender- ly that (though she was the cause of my crime) I still retam-the most grateful re- membrance of hey in my heart. I was scar, seventeen, when, struck with indig- naif; ab seeing my countrymen armed aga) |, their lawful Sovereign, I formed’ they. sign of tendering to King Charles F. the oxer of my fortune and sword: but what was my astonishment»when at dis- closing my ‘atebeita to my good aunt, Tf saw her trembling lift her hands to hea- ven, and look at me with a kind of horror, Surprised and afflicted at the state she was in, and turning with im- patience to know the reason, “ You force me then to tell you,” cried she, bursting into tears, “ know then that the Prince you are so desirous of serving, is the author of ny shame and of your father's death, I was about fifteen, and among the at- tendants who waited on his mother, when the wretch, imposing on my age atid ere- dulity, by the most sacred oaths, con- trived to seduce me—in short, [ was ru- ined. The perfidious Prince, soon after, . went to Spain, in hopes of marrying the Infanta, I should have been entirely lost, if your father had not come to Lon- don: to hin I was obliged to own my misfortune and the consequences ‘which I dreaded.. ‘That dear brother, afflicted even to tears, ran immediately to the ‘Queen, obtained permission to take me away, and sent me to one of his seats near Edinburgh, where I remained till I was perfectly recovered. Alas! (added’ she) I was doomed to see him no more: The grief which he conceived for my un- doing, soon killed him; and his worthy ‘ t Re J - wite, . Oe eh ne ! 1808.] wife, who after bringing you. into the world, survived only a month. Such, my dear nephew, were the seezets and de- lorable motives which reduced me to that obscurity in which I have since lived, and of which you are alone ac- quainted. Judge now, my friend, if after the care I have taken of your infancy, and the education I have procured you, “say, can you devote your fortune’ and ‘arms to the author of so many calamities, to a barbarian who has carried death into the breasts of your parents, and into mine eternal remorse?” No! cried 1, by God! ‘no! the wretch is unworthy of life, and he shall die by my hand! To tell you, ~~ ‘my Lord, by what means as refined as ‘dangerous, my fury against the King con- tinually increasing, was at last’ able to fulfil my revenge and execrable oath; to tell you all the events, and the excess ‘of remorse’ which soon fullowed my crime, would be now too grievous in my weak state to relate. Be satisfied with knowing, that you may abhor me as much as I detest myself; that the execu-- Proceedings of Public Societies. 47 tioner of King Charles I. who appecred on the scaffold under a Mask, was in, fuct no other than your unworthy too guilty great-grandjather, Sir George Stair.” From 1649 (when Charles I. was be- headed) and 1743 (when the battle of Dettinghqe was fought) there is an ia- terval of 94 years, On a supposition that Sir George Stair was 20 years old when he committed his crime, his age in 1743 ‘mnst have been 114 years. The anonymous author of these Me- moirs, adds; that whatever were the emotions of Lord Stair at reading this letter, fis first care was to look for the street and bouse where he had seen his great grand-father ; but finding the house empty, he had learnt from the) neigh- bours that it had only been occupied “since eight days; that it was never, known ‘by whom ; that since the preceding night , the servants had abandoned it, furnished | as it was; that they could not tell of whom the tenant held the house; the proprietor being long since settled ia America, aaa PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. eee ADDRESS to the BOARD Of AGRICULTURE, by stR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART. the PRE- SIDENT, at the conciusion of the SEsston, on the 7th of JUNE, 1808. GENTLEMEN, Shas N conformity to the usual practice, at the termination of the meetings of the Board for the year, I now beg leave to submit to your consideration a short detail, of the various particulars which have principally occupied our attention, during the session about to terminate, and which it is impossible to reflect on for a moment, without a deep conviction of the many public advantages which must necessarily be derived from this institution. 1. County Reports—The idea of as- certaining the agricultural state of every district in the kingdom, and of printing each survey, according to one uniform model, is the greatest undertaking ever aeempred by any institution; and though carried on with funds extremely inadequate to such an attempt, yet it is at last in a fair way of being happily ac- pomplished ; all the counties in fingland will be completed in the course of this year. Several will remain to be done in Seodaud, for the execution of which, fit persons can be procired, as soon as - adequate funds are obtained for that pure pose. In the course of this year, five Reports have been already printed, and eight transmitted ta the Board in a state ready for publication; so that the pro- gress has been considerable, and the ter- mination of this most important underta- king, by which so large a proportion. of the funds of the Bozrd has hitherto been absorbed, is probably at no great dis- tance. The advantages to be derived from these Reports, are universally recognized in foreign countries ; for the same plan has been already adopted in France ‘and Russia, and wiil probably be imitated in every other civilized country. A letter has lately been received from a celebra- ted agriculturist in France, in which he states his opinion, “ that such a measure is the most useful that can be underta- ken, for bringing, in a short space of time, agriculture to a high degree of per- fection.”* Indeed the information. fure, nished by the various reports and. com- * The French expressions are, ** Je crois que ce travail est Je plus utile de tous ceux qu’on peut entreprendre, pour amener, dans un trés court espece de temps, lagriculture a un grand degré de perfection, . ee munications 43 munications published by the Board, far exceeds what is generally apprehended. Dr, Coveutry, professor of agriculture in the University of Edinburgh, who, from his situation, is led to examine every work connected with the subjects en wnich he lectures, has recently decla- ted, “‘ that in these late reports and pub- lications, there is detailed more useful and distinct’ information, ‘on yarious branches of agriculture, and on rural con. cerns in geneyal, than was in print before these were drawn up.”* What then ma not be expected, when all these reports are completed, for little more than one half of them were printed, when this idea of their merit and utility was form- ed by Dr. Coventry! II. Machinery.—There is no object to which the Board can direct its attention, of more importance than to improve the machinery employed in agriculture. In many cases, by such improvements, the Same quantity of work can be better exe- cuted, or can be performed by fewer horses, and consequently at a cheaper rate. By such means, therefore, the increasing price of human labour, and, as ai necessary, consequence, a higher price for’human food, can best be coun- teracted. The improvements in machines tratismitted to the Board, withii these few months past, are numerous and im- portant. Among these are to be enu- merated, 1. Mr. Andrews’s Expanding Axle-tree, by which the breadth of va- rious descriptions of carriages employed in husbandry, may be altered at pleasure ; also a waggon invented by the same me- chanic, so well constructed, that it can turn in almost any situation, and can be drawn in any direction; consequently, is peculiarly well.calculated for narrow lanes, for drawing timber out.of forests, and would probably be of singuiar utility in another department, namely, in con- veying artillery. 2. An Auger, said to have been invented in North America, on an ingenious principle, which clears itself, and which will probably be found applicable to Mr. Elkington’s mode of draining, and other agricultural purposes, 3. Garnet’s Patent System, made at Bris- tol, by which the friction in churns, and other agricultural instruments, is greatly reduced.t 4, A Gorse*Mill, used “on Proceedings of Public Societies. . a rs nn * See Discourses explanatory of the Object, and Plan of the Course of Lectures on Agri- culture and Rural Economy, by Dr. Coventry, 1 vol. octavo, printed at Edinburgh, 1808, p- 187. + A churn thus improved, may be seen ‘at the Board of Agriculture, [A uge ? r the late Lord Penrhyn’s estate in Wales, by which furze is bruised in such a man- ner, that horses and cows can eat it with pleasure; and with such a machine, where furze can be had from waste grounds, it must be a valuable resource for cattle, more especially in- times of scarcity. 5. An Improved Thrashing- mill, invented by Mr. Moodie, an inge-" nious mechanic near Edinburgh, at a price which will not exceed 60/. which is uncommonly strong, will require but lit- tle repair, takes up but little space, and by means of which, two horses will thrash a considerable quantity of any species of grain, without working harder than if they were at plough: and, 6. A Swing Plough, made on the principles recom- mended by Mr. Jefferson of America, by the late Mr. Macdougall, whose merits, in the department of agricultural me- chanism are so universally acknowled- ged, and which bids fair to bring that valuable instrument of husbandry to all the perfection of which it is capable.* ' TIT. Domestie productions.—The poli- tical situation of Europe at this time, the convulsed state of its commercial rela- tions, and the general combination of the Continent against these kingdoms, must necessarily be productive of cir- cumstances, in some respect unfayourable to the agriculture, and in other respects to the commerce, of the country. Among the Agricultural’ productions which the war has tended to depreciate, that- of long wool is one of the most important, and the fall in its price has been consi- derable. An ingenious. farmer, (Mr. Whitworth, near Doncaster), was thence led to try, how far such wool might be made applicable to the making of sacking, of ropes, and a variety of other articles, and the plan is likely to be suce cessful ; in particular there is reason to believe, that wool will be found peculiarly well adapted to be employed in making cots or.hammocks for our seamen, not being so liable to take fire. Tents made of wool, also, must be better calculated for resisting wet, than when canvas is used for that purpose. By these means, SO Mieke tered clita Newell Seer Sn 5 oes * Under this general head may be mene tioned, the whalebone sieves, and nets for confining sheep, invented by Mr. Bowman, which are evidently much more durable, and “fn-other respects are greatly to be preferred, to any article of the same sort in now in use. It is certainly desirable alsoy by increasing the consumption of whalebone; to plomote our fisheries, which, like other branches of domestic industry, cannot be too much incou- . raged. a double —_ 1808.] Procezdings of Public Societies, 49 louble object may be attained; that of per also to observe, that by cutting the ‘increasing the value of ourown produc- blossoms of the potatoes, the roots are tions, and of diminishing theconsumption greatly improved, and the quantity of the ‘of articles imported from a country now — produce considerably augmented.* unfortunately at variance with us, V.. Foreign productions.—The present Here it may be proper to observe, that, circumstances of this country, and of the in consequence of an application from rest of the world, renders it extremely the commissioners of naval revision, the difficult to import any articles of foreign attention of the Board has been particu- growth, to be cultivated here. The “larly directed ‘to the cultivationot hemp. Board, however, has not been inattentive ‘Every information upon that subject, to so. great a source of improvement, * which the, records of;the Board could Understanding that a species. of barley furnish; has been viven to that useful ine had been brought by an ingenious travel- stitution; and with aview that the growth ler from Greece, which- was extremely 4 of hemp might not interfere with. the productive, and peculiarly calculated for _ production of human food at home, and feeding horses, (by which, if found to an- _> that its’ cultivation might be.promoted in» swer, the importation of many'thousand » eurcolomes abroad, premiums have been quarters of oats would be rendered un- offered, to the persun who shall cultivate ecéssary), means have been taken to * the greatest number of acres, (not Jess + try that article, even in the remote parts than four), with hemp, or drained peat . of the kingdom, as the grain seems to re- * ‘bog, and to those who shall report to the semble the bear or big now produced ~ Board, the best means of promoting the there. Application has also been made _ cultivation of that article, in our Ame- to Colonel Williamson, whose long vesie ~ _rican coloniés. dence in America has given him a thoe IV. Potatocs.—This most valuable ar- rough knowledge of the productions of | ticle cannot be tuo much recommended, that part of the world, to exert his influ sas an excellent source of human suste- _ ence, to procure several articles likely to _ mance. Thicre were two obstacles to its be ef use here, in particular the seeds of "extensive cultivation; 1. The disease the pitch-pine and. of the swamp-pine, Aid the curl, to which it is frequently which he has promised to procure, and gs iable ; and, 2. The supposed (liliculty of which will probably be fotind valuable > prsstving the root beyond one season. acquisitions. ay er _ Under the auspices of the Board of Agri- VI. Rouds.—The inquiries which have - culture, both these objections to the” been carried on in parliament, on the re- extensive culture of potatoes, are likely commendation of the Board of Agricul- _ to be removed. Jn regard to the curl, it . ture, regarding roads, wheel catriages, ~ would appear from the experiments. of «and all the variety of particulars therewith _ Mr, Crozer, of Alnwick, in Northum- . connected, are likely to prove in the high- ___ berland, that it canbe effectually pre- est degree advantageous to the couftry. ier «vented, by sowing the potatoes intended A committee for prosecuting those import- oe wv seed, later, and taking them up, ear- ant inquiries, was appointed in the course » Jier, than when intended for food. Se- ofthe present session, by whom two re- _veral bushels of potatoes, treated in this ports have been already presented, which manner, have been purchased by the are now in the press, and a third is pre- ' Board, and distributed in the neiglbour- paring. The effect of these inquiries, — “hood of London, so as to give the expe must be of infinite consequence, if _ Fiment a fair trial, In regard to preser- © zealously acted upon; and if any thing ving potatoes beyond one season, itis as- effectual is done, it must, in a great mea- med by the experiments of Mr. sure, be attributed, to thie exertions of » of Betshanger, in Kent, that by the Board of Agriculture. If carriages ing them in thin slices,anti by drying weré*properly. constructed, fewer horses 1 ina hop, or other kili,* they may would be necessary “to convey the ept for years, even at sea, either in’ same quantity of goods; and if the ose slices, or ground into meal. By 9 —_———__—______»_____ ky? s€ means, no part of the potatoe is “* “This useful practice of, cutting off the Yost, the solid matter is all retained; the ,jocgonas of the potatoe, has only been re= oe only being evaporated, and the cently discovered in. the west of Scotland, ~~ meal may be consumed in various modes, "J¢ can be done by boys and girls, at no great a8 human stistenance. It may he pro- expénce. The nourishment that would Igy em ' otherwise goto the apple, is thus transferred a # In hot climates they might be dried in. to the root. Itis to be hoped that. many will (the sun. Potatoes thus dried, may answer try the experiment, in the course of this sea- . fox feeding stock, instead of oats or beans.’ ‘son, and will report the résult to the Buard. » Moxracy Mac., No. 174° H *-Foads : 50 roads were formed on heiter principles, the carriages would last longer, the horses wWoulf be Jess injured, the roads them- selves would require less repair, and, from the various expences which would:thus be saved, there is every reason to believe, thac the nation would be enriched, or rather its annual expenditure would be Gininished, on the smallest computation, to the amount of ttom five to six nullious per anuuny ‘Such are the advantages re- sulting from an attention to objects con- nected with internal mnprovement, fr is by such measures alone, that a nation can become permanently creat, wad truly happy. By themits streagth, and ethe felicity of its people, may be hourly in- ~ creased; whilst foreign congtests are, too-often, the fatal sources of boundless expence, and of domestic debility. VIl. The Colonies —The Board of Agri= > eulture has always been most anxions, to” promote eo ig of the colonies, and other distant appendages of the em- pire, wherever it was consistent with the paramount interests of the mother coun- try. With that view, the seeds of Sucern and Guinea crass were sent to the ‘Fast Indies, where they have been pro- ‘ductive of the most important conse- quences. ‘he culture of potatoes, also, was first extended inthe Bast, under the auspices of this Board. To ‘promate the advantaye of the West India colonies, severalsecds were procured in the East, and sent to the West Indies, where they are likely ‘to produce much benetit. cembankments, andother useful improve- Theye being every reason also to hope iméuts, 1 various parts of tlie kingdom. that sugar might be advantagevusly em\ ployed in feeding live stock, premiums have been offered by the Board, for aseer- taining the value and effect of suzar, ap- plied for that purpose, and for «iscover- Ing any admixture, that will preveat sn gar, intended to be applied in feeding stock, from being fraudulently employed for common purposes. >. VIN. Cuttle,—It is 6f infinite import- - ~ance to ascertain the feeding qualities of - the different breeds of cattle, respecting ‘ which, no accurate comparative experi ments ha¥e hitherto been made. ‘The expence would beso considerable, that, it could not be undertaken by thelimited finds which the Board are-possessed af; but the object was so material, thatthe Board resolved to offer a preminm of 100 guineas, tu -pramete so important an exs periment; and various smaller aummapte been voted for the same object, by Seve- ral public-spirited agricultural societies, who are anxious te promote any useful object, which the Board has. resolved to patronize. Lortunately alse, avery re- ’ Proceedings of Public Societies. rendered’ fit for use, which otherw “-~ éctahle member’ of this’ J, (Mr. urwen, member for Carlisl¢, rut clared his intention, of becoming a can didate for the premium in question. OF his. impartiality, judgment, aud “zeal, in the cause, there can be put one opinion, IX. Miscellaneous Articles.—It ts diffi enlt to enumerate the variety of other objects, to which the attention of the. Board has been directed, in thecourse of the prescut session Experinents are trying, fron plant's transmitted by Lord Redesdate, with the Florin. gfass of Treland, So strongly recommended in # valuable casay, communicated by Dr. Richardson. Au - intelligent” practical paper on the use uf Gypotomtys a ma- nure, has beer ingerted. ine the volume of communications, with a view of lay- ing afoandation, for ascertaining the ad-~ vantage of using it in this country, aud the soils and siturtions to wHieh it is ap- pheable. En. the sane volume wi . found, the plan of & house, calcula for the residence of a country geuppinan of moderate fortune, bros ony ) aud convenience are. equally consulte - wy Measures have been take to recommend a mode of recovering, corn damaged “by bilge watey, which cannot be effeetually* cured hy any practice formerly known, © - and by means of which it is supposed, thet. considerable quantities of grain may ber Mast have been thrown away, Various. prefniuinshave been given for irrigation, “ An important fact has also been ascem — tained, regarding the feeding of horses with tares, and which it is.applicable (©, grect food im general. Ttis well known, » what v Lere the ground is tired of clover,® tiwes are the best substitute: indeed, in. p the optuion of Mr Arthar Young; they are as usefulias clover tor feeding stock, and «pity be advantageously succeeded by a erop of wheat, ifthe ground is mere] sonrihed after the tares, and not-plot ad, x which wonld make it too loose for that. ‘crop... Ir has been objected to tares, s i - a ie’ * Fron a philosophical chemist, however, . great hjs talents, we cannot, reasonably ex=" -pect. the practical application of his ow _hints ; but Mr. Davy. in a late Lecture, _amobservation, which may prove of great jm- -portance. It is well! known, that. in those distr cts where cloyer has. been long culti- vated, that crop. is almost suse to fail, if re- peated in @yery course of four or five years + and this failure das had had effects on the pro- ductivenese of the wheat crops. The far-— mers have, in such cases, been obliged to sow itne oftener than once in two courses. Mr. b @ | leanne 1608.) that they would not answer if horses were ery hard worked, oremployed in post- ing; Mr. Wood, of Ingateson, in Essex, however, has, for many years, soiled all his post-horses upon tares, with no other precaution, than that of keeping them from-water. This furnishes a most va- Twable bint to owners of postchorses, Cy when hay is scarce or dear, andit points out the ddvantage, of giving little water with greén food of any deéscription.* ~ &. Lectures—4n, the course of this _ sessgién, several lectures ou most interest- ing subjects have been delivered to the ‘meiubers of the Board, which must be too tres ‘in the memory of the gentlemen re present, to render at nécessary for bie wd ell pn em. It way be pro- per, © eC nig ; lowéver, to observe, »that these A dectures, are not intenced ‘solely sor the ~ members of thie Board; bat that AS&UON . ey are matured, they are to be piint- the infoymation of the: public, he attention of those intellizent lemen, by whom they were dcliver- directed to other olyects. As,ittle ‘wally be strongly excited, to read the sen- Stiments of Dlr,~Young, ov tillage and fara yards; and of Mr. W alker on ‘the ‘ ~~ experiment deserves atrialby every practical ; | a aia who has had experience of any failing crops of this plant.. pe ts f - % Mr. Wood, who is remarkably attentive to the management of his horses, has ob- | . e) + only chance cf a cure, if it bea bad ene, is fewe: him from water. He had sume cases “& ; 50 bad, that cures were despaired of ; but by ‘an absolute prohibition of water, till the — wounds run good matter, “he has effected sc- ral surprising cures. May netothisfarnish a hint applicable tu other cases? , * Proceedings of Public Societies: ae iiidioe an example of the practicabi- & t ! and to remove every obstacle hostile to ey 7 come a source of 2 served, that when any horse has a woundy the. . a ’ garding other branches of-art and scicnce. Such a work could not be drawn UP, until a foundation was laid, by a careful examination of the agricultural practices of every district. in the kingdom. Ag soon as that work is acconiplisied, the code of agriculture will be carried on with energy; a specimen of which has been printed and cweulated by the Board, on the subject of inclosures. It is pro- posed, when the work is undertaken, to give distinct heads or chapters, to those individuals, who are the most conversant in each departinent of husbandry. This great undertaking will, I trust, be sance uoned by the peculiar approbation, both of the legislature, and of the government of the country, as likely to promote, in a high degree, the most Mpporlant nae tional improvements, ~ XIL—dinportence of A gricultural Pursuits.—No country can have strong~ er inducements, to attend to its azricul- tural. interests, than Great Britain, at the present momeat. Secluded trom so Jarge a proportion of the giube, and its commerce crampt in every direction, it Must M1 -awrepal measure rely -on its own, anternal resources for its “security and strength. Fortunately, in these resour- ces iw has ‘a mine of wenlth; which can~ not be exhausted. We have only to pay “the necessary attention to the improve- ment ef otir own soil, aud we may de- Spise the etforts of our Suemies, however Numerous or powerful, We are told, indeed,“ that from the state of our fo- reign relations, and the consequen: proe bability that our usual supply of grain trom foreign countriesmay failus, tatmeasures _ot precaution are necessary, which may eventitally ward off so great an evil, as a “searcity of provisions.”* But the best “precaution | , to extend: our avriculture, to increase the productions of our sojl, icliosate the mode of its cultivation, > its im rovement, By these means, judi- ciously applied, instead of importing from foreign coun: nes, we might soon again ‘become au exporting country; and the commerce of grain, instead of being the ‘Means of impoverishment, would be- alth. Conclusion. "Before coticluding this address, I cans not deny myself the pleasure, ‘of present- ing to the board, the proof of an engra- a ale | ring,t executed from the bust of that _ ™ dee tae Report of Wie Su Committee, p. 13.° + The drawing is executed by Mr. Bure gar Distillery ney, andthe engraving by Mr. Anker Smith, m* manner that docs credit to both theseartivte, . distinguished re 52 Proceedings of Public Societies. [Aug 1, distinguished personage,’ (fhe late Duke attachimerit, to the. cause of Husbandry: of Bedford), who, whilst be was alive, In the nietabrable words made use of by — took so warm an interest in all our pro- Mr. Fox, when he moved a new writ for. ceedings. An engraving from ‘that bust,’ Tavistock, ‘Lo contribute to the wele cannot fail to be acceptable to every fare of is fellow eitizens, was the con-: true friend to rural improvement; and stant unremitted pugsuit of his life; and, indeed I hope that the Board willapprove! by his example, and his beneficence, to of the idea, that a certain im unber of co-" render «theni bette r, wiser, and bape pics, shall be placed at the disposal of pier.” How few are there, who have any, » the noble Duke, by whom that bust was just claims toa sinmilé prev gium ! i presented, and that every member of the I shall conclude + xpressing my: ‘Board, and indeed every individual dis. sificere hopes and w 5, that w é shall tinguished by lis zeal for, and devotion meet nextsession, in health aid S| ritsy’ to, “agricultural pursuits, ‘shall receive a and as auxious as ever to promote the. copy, as a memorial of a character, sO, improvement and | ‘hla tae of tte lustrious in Various respects, but pecu- country. Karly distinguished for his determined State of the County Reports, which contain a Detailiof the A itil “al and Politi. cal Circumstances of the several Counties in England and Scotland, and which ure _ drawn up, attcr one uniforin model, for the consideration of the, Board of de Agri- culture, as the foundation of a GrnERat Reror’ tT, intended to be laid. his Majesty and both Houses of Parliament, for the purpose of explaining: the general| State of the Country, so fur: as regards its te "ers ‘Resources. i See ak = a Carrying on, fad to mpleted in the Not ial eee e of < Yeat. Bedfordsh, aA Berksh. ‘ Bucks Cambridgesh. & Hunts : Reports pub- Printing or ready for | lished, : the Press. * uh ed Ay ne, anfish, : douse wee AOuitnoeeh bse Notthamptonsh. » |Dunbartonsh. ~ Satie ¥ _5|Dumfriessh. _ “arwicl ', Elgin and"Nai reptile Forfarsh. 2 ® P Kirkendbright +” ae North W itles We-t Lothian’ i South Wales — 10} Ross and Cromarty. Monmouthsh. Surlisgsh. %,: Herts flerefordsh. Kent Lancashire Lincolnshi Middlesex Worfolk W igtonsh . 4 12 Northumberland Aberdeensh. agile " Notts rwicksh. General Statement.) ». Salop 15 Cineardines h. iteports published 82 ? ainerset Kinross and Clack-|Printing” or ‘ready, | manansh, 45 Orkney & Shetland Carrying on + 18 Renfrewsh. Not finally arran- Sutherland “48 gedty - ay cf &c, t i Clydesdale BA ® To be added. Bast Lothian 2 pt Ng The Hebrides ~ t * | Isie of Man Lo “tInve {sles of Jersey, f/ ‘|Mid Lothian oy Guernsey, &c. Perthshire {Roxburgh 80} . Selkirksh. Tweedale pps 4 i ARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL. ‘Hand, Domejiic and Foreign. Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received. « es ee | es fss ah 7 ass - _* VARIETIES, Lit | f° Including Nolices of Works in i yi 4 *« at ¥ t ; WHTE consider the literary part of the 4 i W public as being deeply interested "in the doctrines lately maintained in the Re cow ts of law;on matters of Criticism,and we therefore feel it to be our duty to nu- ‘tice them in this lace. Every’ uyan of ttersmust be sdhsible of. the growing hike of anonymous literary Criti- ‘ism, and will find it no difficulty in cing from this abuse of an use- art, the decline of literature, and the apparent deficiency. of genius in -. Elid We givef the. gentlemen of ‘zhe log robe credit ‘for not” being ) ‘aivare’ of the vile: practices of? tradets : t ) intiterary criticism in “this metropolis,’ » and we thérefore are nat sdrprized to h em confound the invectives f i ¥ hived‘anon ymous reviewers with ynak pap avowed answers Of Mice to i | Filther, and’of “ Newton to Descartes!” 4 Te atlur s 1s the ‘bighést satisfaction to / discover among them so laudablé a ten- erness forfreedom of discussion, and for he liberty’ of the press; but we hope stat now they have pee te this "matter, they will not push it to the’same H _ dengtlis as they do the liberty of the / tongue. We invite thet, ‘howeyer, 40 apply their accustomed perépica to the evil complained of, and) to” 2 ai v a broad line of ‘demarcation be-— -~ tween an author,who- avows his observa- 1s on any Subject, or even an’ anony- Tih» ’ 4 ' - a a oy city ~ dai u6l 1 ous writer who defends or attacks any _ dogma in the language of good manners, and’ the concealed writer in‘an anony- mols review, who, at a givert price Ly | the sheet, iends himself to support 0 A tions, and to insult the most hong ble” ' delicacy, Ought not conceal- _ ment in a writer of invective to be as \ sumed as prima facie evidence of bad- “ness of intention? Is it not evidence of “a guilty mind, equivalent to that against tan who runs away when there is a_ ® ery of Stop Thief? For our partywe _ deprecaie the present doctrines of the 4 courts, in regard to trading eritics, fully ‘eohvincedthat periodical criticism which al 4 4 a 2 aie author, has operated as a bliuliton the genius of the country, has been made. _ Subservient’ to the gratitication of the worst passions, and bas bafiled and’ re- tarded the progress af truth agd science.* “* Lo piove the justhess of thee remarks, ‘we shal! quote from the best conducred «our od See - “or delicacy _, France as ani does dot possess the responsibility of a. i The public will observe: with satise faction that Parliament has voted 3,000k to. the Board of Agriculture, to ene able it with greater rapidity> to ‘com= plete the Surveys of the Kingdom. “A full account of the labours and ‘progress of this highly important Board will be found under the head Proceedings of Pub- lic Societies. As soonas the whole of the County Reports have been printed, it is intended to publish an “Analysis of the whole, to lay before his Majesty and both Houses of Parliament, a work which, Reviews, and the one which deserves the most to be considered as an authority in mat- ters of criticism, THE MONTHLY, its opie nion on two well-known books of established character and opposite descriptions, > Memoirs of Fanny Hirs.—VideMonthly Review,vol. li, p. 451:— This isa work of the Novel kind, thrown into the form of Letters from a reformed woman of the towa to “her friend, containing memoirs of her past lire, and describing the steps by which she was led into the paths of vice and infamy. It doés' not appear to us, that this performance has any thing in it more offensive to deceney of sentiment and eXxpressiong — than our novels and books of entertainment ea have ; for in truth they are, most of them, but too faulty in this respects The ' author of Fanny Hill does not seem to have expressed any thing with a view to counte- nauce the practice of any immoralities, but ‘merely to exhibit truth and nature to the world, and'to lay open those mysteries of iniquity, that, in our opinion, necd oily to be exposed t) view in‘order to their beine ab- horred and shunned by those who might otherwise u warily fallinto them. As to the step lately | to'suppress this book, we newspapers inform us, that the celebrated History ef Zom Tones has been suppressed ig mmoral work.” The Vicar ef Wakerrretp, by Cr. ie en, without the stightest regard to de+ Teadly are ata loss to account for it. The it *:. a ency or SP ae SE: Vol, xxxiv. page 407. % Through the whole course of our travels in the wild regions of romance, we never met it /any thing more difficult to charactérize, than ‘the Vicar of Wakefield ;) a performance which contains beatities sufficient toentitle it othe highest applause, and defects enough O put the discerning readet out of all patience with an author capuble oj so strangely under- writing himself.” rx 4 Volumes mizht easily be filled with speci« mens of equal degradations of the critical art; abundantly sufficient to deter any man of common intelligence from surrendering his jedgament of An author to the mercy of anony- mes revic cre. for oe ae ee 44 Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. — [Aug: 1, for useful and authentic information re- lative to the actual stave of the empire, is likely to prove tever to have bad its equal i any country.* : A School for 150°boys has been open- ed at Woburn, chieffy at tne expence of the Duke of Bedford. It is ou the plan the noble and: generous manner in which the Duke has patronized Mr. L. he has from gratitude paid it a personal atten- tion, which already renders it one of the most excellent schools on his system in the nation, We sincerely congratu- late the public on the extension of Mr. ‘Laneaster’s popular schools in different parts of the country, and we anticipate the best effects from them, on the mo- rals and happiness of the rising gene- Fation. A school has been opened at Cam- bridge by one of the young men trained by Joseph Lancaster, to spread his new system of edueation, under royal patron- age. Above 240 children have been ad- mitted, and are alteady in high order. The schoel at Cambridge, we are happy ta state, has the approbation, sanction, aint support of the whole University, as the subscription lists clearly shew. The eominitteecousists of a number of the most iatelligent and respectable persons ty that seat of learning. ‘Ihe school is about to be extended to fifty additional children. One of Joseph Lancaster's young men has opened a school for 300 boys, undcr the patrouage. of many. of the wost benevolent citizens of Bristal. It was proposed to him not to take solmany ja at once, butto admit thenr indirisions. His reply was, “ No, it is 6uly one trou- We; and he has brought them into the most complete order, without rod or cane 1 the school. tend the sehool to a thous: 2 a * It may not-be improper in this place to. motice a late extraordinary publication of a Mr. Marshall, which professes to divide the counties into Departntents, and. give the)sub- stance of the County Reports of each Depart- ment in a single volume, It ae ae tor unis work that its author should, tn bis first volume, have included some. of the first Proof Reports of the Board, which it is well known were printed merely as skeletons for completion and improvement, and these he gravely analyses, and introduces as. the basis of a regular abstract of the acknowledg- ed reports of the Board. Of course such an nalytical view of its own Jabours will be fhe vines of the Board itscli, ‘as soon as ‘those labours are finished. &. of Mr. Lancaster, and in consequence of to write; and 120 made considerable “Constitution ef England will’ fe is imtenmed to. ex-— d children, or A report of the committee of “the medium of this and other journals, hast Canterbury” Royal’ Laneastrian Free School, held iu the Archbishop's palace, Cumerbury, represents that within the — last six months 32% children had been ad- mitted. Above 100 did not know a let~ ter, but have learwt to read since theit admission; above 250 have heen taught progress in arithmetic. It passes many encomiums on the master, whase instruc tions’ in’the plansWweve recciveuk at ond of Lancaster’s scl » and the school itself organized by. one of his boys. The al save boy has-organized the sehool near Windsor, which’ the Toyal family visited some time ag” Gi A schol is tlso) establishing in Dube lin on the Laneustrian plan. Gs his young mev has-been there some time for that purpose.” — eee ae ee. Mie Cos ixew’s Concise View of the - ar in ~ ter! er. ) x, % - m br. Het Wis apth of the.’ ’ mur " of Di “ey inserted regularly im this: Sige, tends te PM, se which have appeared hitherto’) small vor lume, ‘t 4 published carly in’ the wil ter, pF rex vii yA iis Treatise | ‘On SUA PTIO RS) hi nad ‘ re 4 Wen NS, jou. MAWjFA ) ‘aus thor of the Antiquities of Marna Gkcia, has aiiourtced a translation of . Civil Ayehitecture of Vitruyius, “comprising, those books of the author which relate ro the public and private edifices of the an- - cisuts, illustrated by numerous: engrav- ings, exhibiting a parallel of ancien at>” chitecture, with an introduction, con? taining the history off the “ode ogress, and declme, of amchitecsuiippa tgs the Greeks, ; * Sie Vhe Séciety for the Relief of the Rup- t sed Poor, upon a plan some tinve ago mmended to the public through the length assumed a regtilar’ form. The Lorp Mayor for the time being is Presi- dent, and the committee for managing the’ alfiirs of ‘the Che a ‘consists of uventy-four governors, among whom are some of the first. medical eharacters in the metropolis. “The governors of the City Dispensary have generously. per- mitted the affairs of the above Society to be conducted at their establishment in Grocer’s Hall court, Poultry; and the — strgical and other officers accept of no gratuity whatever for their services. By_ this laudable economy the whole of the funds being exclusively devoted to the- « purposes of the Charity, every contribu tor of a guinea annually will Pea op- of recommending three patien's oe each of “whow wills me- The second volume of Mr. Gepauie Cuarmens's Caledonia, or aa historical and topographical account of North Bri- e tain, from the most ancient to the pre- sent times, with a dictionary of places, chronological and philosophical, is in the a ea ‘It will be accompanied with en- sof innps, plans, &c. tie Rev. J. 8, CraaKe proposes to ish a work, entitled Naval Records ofthe late and present Wars, consisting va series of eng grav ings from original ns, by Mr. N ack, illustrative of wpa g gave geen at sea, since e cot faa mento ‘the war in 1793, a “ae ied. with histurical accounts. Sn eray ice will be ex ed by Fiut- audseer, and other sminent ants 0. cba Mr, Wah yaaok Pa leat ses of D Cire. th Ob-- His’ Rt is i and. y respects the reverse of what has ; een so gener ally” followed of late years. heaeark wa ill algo eontain cases allied to pebetss, in whieh o sim ence een succe a . » 4 ‘7 “i Ane volui aft igs rap phical f the late” Tex, T ee ee ay by themMev. OuN Woo nite Hye eerie, from his poetical v ee. literary. correspondence: between ie lent persons, leit by him for pub- aa shortly mike its appear- pepe f Lie of Rbiiney, by Mr. Bayrey, ea finished. This is expected to be av interesting work, that will tend to” nuke that eminent painter more uni~ yersally known:—he to whom H ae hd paid so classical @ tribute ion. : letter (transmitted to the “Navy 30 » by Cxptain Hodgson, of his Ma= ty ss P ‘Yrusty, tates, that the appa atus dite atentee of an inven- jon Tor lst g fresh water ‘from sea 7" ci used in the above vessel, pertorm- ved very w il, and consumed fess fuel one before in use tor the same pure at the operation of distillation t inthe least interfere with the of the ship’s company’s meat ; at when three byilers are in use, from wt wity to twenty-five gallons of fresh rater per hour are produced ; and that tho gh the water at first.is not perfectly roe eable to the taste, thongh 3 ye fy et.) bk + 4 ‘ a : Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. cs, 55 when exposed to the air for a short time, it becomes yery goud. The apparatus for the Trusty was of the size calculated for a fifty gun snip. The Rev. Dr. Eowarp Crarke, of Cambridge, ‘has in the press an account of his Travels through Russia, the terrie tories of the Don Cossacks, Kuban Tar tary, the Crimea, &c. in one volume, quarto, with numerous engravings. The following method is recommended for clearing fruit-trees of moss:—Sprin- kle or dust the mossy limbs, when their leaves are off them, in damp, foggy wea- ther, with common wood-ashes; and in the course of two or three months the moss will disappear wherever:the wood ashes have touched; perbaps a large wooden dredging-box would be the best instrument for this operation. sale Mr. Lawrence Dunpas CaMpaern is preparing for the press an Account of the Kingdom of Nypal, in the Kast fn- dies, from a memoir of the embassy de- puted in 1793, by the Marquis Corne -wallis, then governoy-general of British Tidia, to the court of CAtmonda, writ- fen originally by Colonel Kirkpatrick, the British « envoy on that occasion. Nypak is a country singularly interesting not only from the beauty of its scenery, the uncommon salubrity of its climate, the variety and value of its physieal produc- tions, the character, and customs. of its people, ‘and the peculiarity of its govern inent, but also froma its contiguity to the British dominions) in Bengal, and more particularly fromthe: circumstance. of its being at present.a blank in our maps ef Asia. be, work will appear in the course of next spring, in one volume royal and imperial Guarto, andswill be ile, tustrated with a map aud engravings. _AnA is tothe Poetical works of. a we s‘Little “esq. being att exe ~ posure of ‘the Bits mos plagiarism of thal stication, 1 isin press. first part ¢ fF #-€lironological series “of te wa, st val table, - searce, “anil ‘faithe fal: elish ranslations in’ Poetry and aad rom the Greek Poets and) ‘Prose authors, with selected, and vew notes, corrections, pre es, lives, ‘maps, and heads from antiqnes, will soon make its . appearance in royal octavo, and printed in double columns. » The first part con- ‘tains Mesiod’s works, by the Rev. Fran- cisirr, “A new translation of the whole of Pindar's Odes will be the second work of this series, A new edition of the rocks text of Herodutus, cavefully iis from the , edition Be ole i 56 Literary and ale huchiecnte (Ag edition of Wesseling and Reitz, is now relieved by the elasticity of thes printing at the University press, Oxford which, by yielding, allows the i and probably will appear early in Octo- to be heaved up a little wa ; ber next. This will be’ speedily followed being driven from its situation. eit by. Porti Levicon Ionicum, a work which success of the experiment isthus secured; bas long been extremely scarce and ex- and-all danger of aceident to the appara ensive. It is intended to he printed tus is effectually prevented. eniformly with the Herodotus, and to be Tt has been asserted by most writers adapted to the various editions of that and experimentalists, that silver burns author, with a bright enidtald green light. In Mr. Jonrs has in the press 2 work, in. Mr. Davy’s late lestures at the Royal one voluine octavo, illustrative of the Institution, the defla ration.of silver leaf four gospels. In this performance, he was attended by the emission of a bril~ endeavours to connect the language of ant white light, which the professor ‘as- Christ on every occasion, with the ¢ir- cribed to the ered it ‘purity of the. silver cumstances peculiar to his situation ; and employed; aud hee ox pressed an opinion — - ghus to untold in a brief and perspicuous thatthe green Piusuallp observed, mauner its propriety and De eniing, Oc- — arose from the ad isture of co ith)" casioual notes contain critical aiid philo- the'silver. Mr.G, B. SINGER, s how- sophical remarks, which are intended for ever discov ered. that, this ply ‘nomenon the learned; but the text is adapted, to Pra. dak from a different: cast, Having those who pune only for religious im- bserved) ” Mr. Davy’s provement. LHe has avoided noticing ires were terminated Bache Da the peculiarities of modern sccts, and has fa the. aM with < endeavoured to furnish matter in which, nas angemen pty and app mng the ¢ reonk all are interested, without controverting. pure sil is | ee ate burns the tenets af any party. The doctrine ed with abe autiful dite li : eof of the association of ideas is often aps the .same portion: of silv ~ plied in this publication; and the faci- before e ployed w he reen flame lity with which it solves the most “pers was pro at it bagpeiefenadgnt dent that plexing difficulties, appears: to evince, its: the white lig tin C9 jooMr. Davy’s utility ‘and importance as a prince ple in ataan t m the charcoal; biblical enquiries. ‘and that this ail ‘the " cxscy appears. q Mr. Accum has in the press ‘' System eo mn the immediate 6 ar Re WFereen 4 of Mineralogy and Mineralogical Che- ligh when thé ppt wis. ence eae ; mistry, with Applications to the “Arts, metallic wire. By appli licath ton Of) q This work will be formed chiefly. after charcoal to Rede rs a wire, so #1 J Hatiy and Brougniart, and_ will form bent that either the wi ine or the charcoal three octavo golumeae nay touch the silver at pleasure, the Mr. R. Knscur has Sublatieas de- white and the green flame may bealter scription of anew Fudiometer] mace nately produced; and a conclusive e~ » on the ‘suggestion of “Mr. Davy,, for ‘the “monstration of the fact, with a pleasi more commodious display ef the forma- variation ofa brillant experiment w at: tion of water by the ¢ combustion xy- be aay at once afforded. ven and hydrogen BAS, means 0 ‘the .. Mr. Accum having recently atialysed - electric spark. ee snseayeent c neists the © water of the different springs at Chee of a strong cylin vical g glass tub _te- tenhath, gives the following paiticulars xa ceive the gases, open at the. wre: snd, respecting die’ Chalybeate strong’ ae of the capacity ‘ar, onbic jaches, and well.—The water taken isp Fac graduated i into decimal partes» ond” a punip, has a disti vincb Saline Bevit ae stand to, which the ‘tube is attach d by Slight impression irae bitte It is tolor- * a clasp and screw, and of a strong, aan OSS, pet! feetly a witdue sinell, cylinder, agen ‘ rong Spiral spring, vf £4 possesses a strong fefnactive “power. P| -on the principle | 1¢ pocket stéel- Irs temperature was 53° at O95) barome- | 9 yard, the spindle or tatu bar of which trical aught the rem pyr a Pe the ds fixed on three fect, in erder that it, air ‘being 65° Pahr. Lts asec ‘gravi- ‘ may-be firmly Sec red on. the side te ty was as 2 039 to *2,086. On en mererial bath, wit 2 the mouth of-t the water at the fountain-head from one. tube immerged in quicksilver. By this _vessel'into another, and leaving it. ae +3 arcangement, the sudden and violent ex- sed to the air, ‘tr emits a multitude’ of | pansion, which takes place at the mo- ceedingly minute air-bubbles, wh ch ment of the: -eomibustion ot the gases, ia firmly adhere-te the inner surface of the: t ey . Oe vessel 4 oe" 4888] ] Literary ad Pre sdphteal Yrbetitgence. “Ba Eee re SEO Bt Be Po EY or @ ihitny RGR, dat 4 ‘ u it Suffered iio material cliange. tions and’ Belles Lettres of. Toulouse, “his Sprig yields upwards of 600 gallons ,has recently been re-established by, a de- "Of water in 24 hours in every. season of ‘cree of government, with gearly the the year. en a _. Same regulations as tormerly.~ ey ‘GERMANY. es a derail «ind M, Morfau DF LA SARTHE has Jate= iva Rirrer, a frember of the atade- ly published at Paris, in eight volumes my of Minich, has Jately been éigascd ociavy, ane edinon ot Lavater’s Phy. Gn the investigation of a, new instrument siognoimy With notes and addiuans, ana= Which. possessés the remarkable pigper- fauudal, physiological aud medical.: .. , pet being aifected by the smallest de- °, M! Perrerss. apothecary. at Azilles ca ae s of electricity, _Itis object was to has published sume curious experiments unt for the marvellous circumstances for the pucpose of ascertaining the nature ribed to the divining rod. as jit was of the acid formed inindiestion, . From } and to reter them to the clectric them he deduces the following, results: ‘ .. His instrument is nothing more 1, That the distension of the stomach ia ut es in ‘Of his fingers, coinmouly the longest fin- from a commencement of decoimposi« 3 Bb of the let ead, Wold this vertical, tion, which the nutritive substances tas shutting the others, The bar is so ken as food, enietly when they are of the sed, that one eid isnext to the person ‘auylaceous vegetable kind, have under- 10 holds it, and the other poinnng di- gone. 2, That the buruiuy pain which a m him. This instrument which the digestive organ experiences, aud iti — M. Ritter calls the balance, varies by which sometimes extends to.the wesopha- pos a “Substances, | _ and eve i contact of metals, or other gus, is owing to a quantity of acetoug re 5G, : aes - a jane . bs . . 2 4 y . sta the person holding it, acid, tormed by the complete disuxyee- he persc CINE 1b, j ; p Ys 7 u nd even b contact of persons hold- nization of the,aliment. 3, That eight t _by or iistance, the one ounces’ of roasted chesnuts -produced oe : - = ‘ a 7 aa ases but ‘ac~ mach anvhour and a half. 4. That the .-Lescutxacty De Latour, who “trom others. id..the. foruy of its, bowl, med from a.voyage,to, the whichis butdintle concave; the front of at Jaa, Madura, Beh, &c. has. it-forming a segment of a circle, and 1017 extensive collections of a to the size-of xthe matrass. ects Hejonging: to the three kinadoms ‘rom the observations of M. Planche, if tire: also appears that. yarnish-makers): withou€ ‘the ia ’ any alteration in their proéesses or ap pas - arts " yatas, may collect a considerable quanti« ~ ty of succinic acid, which has hitherto bedi BOnsiied fo wGGiba Uses bur pays: oon. 4 SO bos he iene) anager iby (Tt waht oe , ities Leia Deaeh Me Hens el “Exposed to the Spen air for _ The Academy of Sciences, Inscrip- ys, ” 58 soon be found beneficial in other arts. Various trials which he has made, give him reason to think that its solution in alcohol may be employed to initate the color of some valuable woods. The following very remarkable fact re- lative to the fecundating principle of the palm date-tree, is attested. by M. Mi- chaux. ‘This naturalist travelled in Per- sia, when several usurpers were in arms contending for portions of that vast em- pire. The diferent parties alternately victorious, 1) order the more speedily to reduce the inhnbitants of the provinces into which they penetrated, burned all the male date trees. The most dreadful fainine would have desolated these uv- happy countries, had not the Persians taken the precaution to preserve a great quantity of the pollen of the antherz, for the purpose of fecundating the femate in- dividuals. ‘This observxtion proves that the dust of the date tree preserves its fecundating property for a long time ; for it appears that they kept it eivhteen years, without its having fost this virtue. AMERICA. Mr. S. Dewitr, surveyor-general of the state of New York, has lately disco- vered that the magnetic necdle is rapidly chan sing ina direction contrary to that in which it has heretofore moved. The Connecticut Academy of Arts and ‘Sgiences is engaged in proc uring a com- plete Statistical account of that states Some progress has been made in the col- jection of materials. A specimen of this work comprehending a Statistical Account of Newhaven, from materials collected by the members belonging to that town is preparing for the press, Pand is expect- ed to appear in the course of next spring. The academy have a snvall collestion of papers.on other subjects, which will pro- bably be published durmg the. present year. _ List of New Publications. [Aug. 1, The Rey. Dr. Dwicnt, president of Yale College, is preparing "for the pre Observations on @ Series of Jourties through the states of New Holland and New York, intended to illustrate the to- pography, agriculture, commerce, go- verninent, literature, manners, morals, and religion of those countries. A Theological Library has lately been established in Boston. One of the prin- cipal objects of this institution is to col- lect critical, controversial and scarce publications 1 in divinity, many of which are difficult to be found, and too expen- sive for an individual te possess. By the subscriptions of proprietors and several donations, # considerable and very valua- ble collection or books is already made. Another theological library on a still farger scale, is also collecting at Philips’s Academy, at Andover, tor the accommo- dation of the theological seminary lately established, and attached to that: re- spectable literary institution. | Proposals have been issued for prévent- ing at the university press at Cambridge, Massachussets, Griesback’s edition of the Greek Testament, with a $e ection of the most important various readings, The ‘edition trom which the American is to be exactly copied, was published at Leipsic in 1805, and_by its SIZ is inten- _ ded for common use. Mr. Dosson, of Philadelphia, has an- nounced his intention of publishing by subscription, a new Translation of the Sacred Scriptures ;—the Old Testament from the Greek of the Septuayint, and the New from the most correct Greek text, with occasional notes; by Charles Thomson, esq. late. Secretary to the Con- ‘gress of the United States. It will be comprised in two large quarto volumes, and the subscription for onc copy is fixed at ten dollars. ’ ‘ —— - a Se Th Ry, LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN JULY, — #,* As the List of New Publications, contained in the Monthly Migaisine, is the ONLY COMPLETE LIST PUBLASHED, and consequently the only one that cun be whit 2 to the Public for Purposes of general Reference, it is requested that Auihors and Publishers will continue to communicate Notices of their Works ' (Post paid), und they witt-ulways be faithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENCE. ae By Ed- No. il. ARTS, FINE. BeItsH Gallery of Engravings. ward Forster, A.M. F.RS, 21. 21. Proofs, 3}. 13s. 6¢. . AGRICULTURE, A Review of the Reports of the Board of Agriculture from the Northern Department ef England. By Ms. Marshalh @yo. 12s. BELLES LETTRES, — Letters on Literature and Composition, ad- dressed to his Son. By the Rev. George Gregory, D. D. late vicar of West Ham, do- mestic Chaplainto the Bishop of Llandaff, &c. 2 vols. 12mo. 15s. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The Librarian, containing Analyses of | va- Iyable and aseful Books, &. No. I. 28. 1808] z | “- BIOGRAPHY. An Account of the Life and Writings of James Bruce, of Kinnaird, esq. F.R.S. Au- thor of Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile.. By Alexander Murray, F. A. S. E, 4to. 21. 12s. 6d. BOTANY. Practical Botany, being a new Illustration ofthe Genera of Plants. By Robert John Thoraton, M.D. vol. 1. 11. CLASSICS. D. Junii Juvenalis Aquinatis Satire XVI. _ad optimorum exemplarium fidem recensitz, perpetuo commentario illustrate, atque pro- emio et argumentis instruct, a Georgio Alex. Ruperto. Secundum editionem Got- tingensem. 19s. Hy EDUCATION. A Sequel to the Useful Arithmetic. Adam ‘Taylor. 4s. bound, Petit Tableau, ou £lemens de la Constitu- tion, des Lois, du Gouvernement du royaume unide la Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande, mis a Ja portéee des jeunes gens. Par N. 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Written by a Spanish Nobleman. 8vo. 63s. ° The Harleian Misceliany ; a collection of scarce, curious, and interesting pamphlets, _ selected trem the library of Edward Hurley, second Earl of Oxford. Interspersed with historical, political, and critical Annotations 5 by the late William Oldys, esq. and addi- tional Notes by ‘Ihumas Park, F.S.A. vol. 1. Ato. 31. 33. A more extended Discussion in favour of ' Liberty of Conscience, recommended by the Rev. Christopher Wyvill. 15. _ _ Tke Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Wol. 1. Wrart 1. 93,” Table of Annuities granted on Single Lives by Government at every age from 35 to 75 * List of New Publications. » Duck and Snipe Shooting. 59 for each 1001. stock at the price of Sl. per cent consolidated or reduced Bank Annuities from 60 to 80; also a Table calculated to shew what Annuity upon the terms of the Government Table can be purchased for 1001. sterling. - 1s. Philosophical Transactions, abridged by Drs. Hutton, Shaw, and Pearson. Vol. XIV. Sermons and Tracts by the late William Paley, D.D. now first collected, yo. Remarks on a Letter addressed to the Bishop of London, on his having prohibited the Rev. Dr. Draper from preaching in any of the Churches of his Diocese; to which are added, Observations on the Bible Society, anda few Hints to Evangelical Clergymen, ds. 6d. _ Practical and Descriptive Essays on the Art of Weaving. By John Duncan, invene tor of the spatent Tambeuring Machinery. 8vo. 16s. Pathetic.» Tales, Poems, é&c. Fisher, Cumedian. 12mo 7s. The Conjuror’s Repository ; or the whole Art and Mystery of Magic Displayed. 9s. 6d. The Beauties of Tom Brown. Selected fram the Writings of this satirical and lively Writer; together with a Life of the Author. By the late Charles Henry Wilson, esq. of the Inner Temple. Price 4s. in boards. © By J. B. NOVELS AND ROMANCES. The British Admiral. $ vols. 12mo. 16s. 6d. The Welch Peasant Boy. By an Irish- man. 3vols 12mo. 12s. The Murderer, or the Fall of Lecas. By J. 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To which ate suhjoined, a succinct Expression of the Bishop of LandafMs Opinion relative to the policy and expediency of the Question, and?the Jast FrenchyDecree respecting the Papal Dorninions. With preliminary Obset- vations hy,'a Protestant Layman, 5s. | * John Bull, or Prophecy applied té passing Events, 1s. i ; : A. Letter from Mr, Whitbread to Lord Holland, on che present Situation of Spain. ~ ‘An ;Attempt to shew by what means the United Kingdom and the World gt. large may be saved from the suojection to France, with- out the Abglitiin *in’ Gredt Britain afd Ire- Jand of “all distinctions on ‘acégunt of /Reli: gion. 7s. Gdy The Claims of the Roman Qatbolics con- hn a a ag in a, Letter’ to thé Bishop of Norwichs By the Rev, T.Baseley, A..Mae a f POLITICAL ECONOMY; Indian Recredtions; consisting of Thoughts on the Effects of the British Governthént on the State’ of “Invia.. By the Rev. William ‘Tennant. Vol:3 8vo 9s.” ae, Meets: “THEOLOGY, Christian Doctrine opposed to Heresy, a Visication Setmon preachtd at Bedford, May 19;°1808 “By the Rey’ Joshda Morton, Vicar.of Risley. 1s. 6d.. ‘ X Pléa for Religion and.the Sacred Writ- ings, addressed to the’ Disciples of ‘Thomas Paine, aiid” wavering Christians of every per- suasion. With an Appendix, containing’ the Author’s determination to have relinquished his"Charge in the Established ‘Church, and. thé'Réasons on wiiich that determination was vs founded. By the late Rev. David Simpson, [Ange ty, M. A, Minister of. Christ-Church, Macclege field. Fifth edition, 8v6, &. "boards infty niof edition, 12mo."48. boards. "> Religious Education, “as it constitutes one branch ‘of the Discipline’ of the Church of, of England, considered in a Charge Wipers to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of St. Al-"" ban’s, at the Visitation holdén June 8, 1803, By" Joseph Hofdéa Pott, A.M." "9s. 6d. °° Sermons on several Shbjects: By the late, © Rev. William Paley. ~Svo. Jos Gd. °°" A Charge deliveréd to the’ Clergy. ae Diocese Of Lansait, in June 1805." By R. Watson, D.D. Lord Bishop of Landaff. 1s. 6de ; A Second Letter to' the Author of Remarks on the Bisliop of Durham’s Charge, 6cta= sidned by the Vindication of those’ Remarks, lately republished. By a Clergyman of the’ ’ Djocese of Durharh. “1s. > ' ‘A Sermon preached: before the Duke of Bediord, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Prési-’ dent, and the Members 9! the Association for _discountenancing Vice, iy Broaiane. ty the Christian Re- ligion, April 9, 1807. ° By the Rig Rev, Khowledge and Practice of Christopher, Bishop of Clon ert. 25." Sermons, jor. the usé of Families. Selects ed by James Hews Bransby. 2 vols, 12mo, 10s 6d. , . Fruits of Christian Love, or a Letter to the Society of Friends, ‘called Quakers, on the _ religious ‘Instruction “of ‘their ‘Youth, By Abita eiaoy woe ce he (MID “TOPOGRAPRY, 9” An, Account of Jamaica and’ its Inhabj- tants. By'a géntlemun’ fopg resident in the Weir Thgies. ‘Sve. 7itoa. ee ee Memoir of the Musquito, Territory; ree, spécting the voluntary cession of it to Great’ » Britain, pointing out'some of the many Ad- vantazes to be deriv. d from the ‘Occupation “or that Country. ‘By Jolin Wright, esq, 1a e Commander of his Majesty’s ship Swift, and Senior Officer of the NaVal’ Forces at_Hon-~ duras, and on the Musquito Shore. “1s. ‘6d. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, Travels, throuy! Spain and aay Te- cently petorined by an English Gentleman * containing accurate’ Delineations of the Mans’ ners and Domestic Condition of that Couns try, with Anecdotes of'the Prince of the Peace, &c. Estimates of the Power'and’ Re an A Yy) ohels Ul eprteaee sources of the Spanish Monarchy, and: other inteéies'ing and authentic particulars. ” In one large volume smali 8vo ‘Wlustrated with a. “Map of Spain and | several other engravings, 105. 64. ey NEE e wtaie A wal +e pre 5 * 1808,],_ Ro a ‘REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. —~ era inuar, Lady Heron’s Song, in. Marmion, a Haier ee ee Field, . Glesgesed adi deck: cated to Walter Scott, Esq. ty Fobm Clarke, “Bsqg. Mus. Doc.” _ OCHINVAR. is, composed: for two trebles and a bass; 1s. interspersed wath solos, and accom panied, with. a, part for the piano-forte. However high Dr Clarke’s abilities, may, rani in, our esti- niation, the merits, of the. present pra- *. duction, aye such as, towel) maintain, the, ofeir te have, giyen him, The imove- ents of this piece are conceived witha Beta yet elezant, simplicity, and the combinations, are scientific and mas- terly. One accidental lapse of his, pen the ingenious composer will, however, allow.usito notice: in- passing from the last.quaver of the firat. bar to. the first of the-sut:ceeding bar, are introduced two perfect fifths in thie same direction, Three Duetts Se a Violin and Vi ioloncello. Cow- posed and al Buys by F. G. C. Sebethy. 85. “Mr, Schetky has exhibited,in these dus etts a considerable portion of well-regu- Jated fancy, and mach of the real master. The powers and characters of the instru- jnents fog which he writes are properly eonsulted, and the two parts are judis ciously incorporated: © The style, though elegant, and. raised. above. the ordinary productions of.the day, is still-so far fa- yniliar as to come within the pale of gex neral. practice, and:to render the work highly useful to those who have made a _ tolerable progress in execution. Number Three of Masquerade Sonatas for the Piano-forte or Harp, with an Accompaniment , for the Flute or Violin, Composed and dedi- tated to Miss Pemberton, by’ ‘fames Hook, Esq. As. This sonata is wyitten on the same plan as the former two, and comprizes some well-chosen airs both as subjects and occasional digressions, The whole 380 judiciously blended and interwoven, a8 to assume the form of a regularly con- pee Piece, and reflects much credit of Mr. Hook’s taste and ingenuity, s¢ Sul Margine d'un Rigy? a Duett for the Flute And Piana fate, 2 Gentes acy, Ledeated $0 sbi, Friend ir. Minasi, by P Lansa 58: The, elegaves . of» style, {veedom.. of ancy, mppy: junction of the parts, inthis sonata, do great credit to. the com- Toexp » gongrally speak ‘detlicated 10 Archibgld Borhevell, » Perforgned by Mrs, Ash: ing, rise ont of each other easily and na» turally, and the movements are so. judi- ciously contrasted asto. produce.that rex. lief which the cultivated eap, alycays. ex- pects im compositions, of length, aed by which it never fails to be gratitied. Sie, Sonatinas for the Piang-foxte,. Dedicatedt@n Miss De Gontauts, by We. Slapp. 5s. These. sonatas, ta which are intreduced: some popular and pleasing: airs, are writ. ’ tenin a style as familiar. as. agreeable; and we venture to say, that: they. will not’ fail to interest, the: lovers: ofi simple and unaffected. composition, Many. of tle. passages are marked. with novelty. Tha, whole of each movement exhibits, con- nected trajn. of; ideas,, and, the. general eifect bespeaks considerable genius. aided by successful study. A Third Divertimento for, the, Piang-for tes with an Accompaniment, for a, Flutes Violins and. Violoncello. Compssed and dedicated to, Miss Acbard, by Lonjs Von Esch; tytq : Mr. Von. Esch_has, displayedssp much: ingenuity, and science, in, this, diverti-+ mento as. to.claim,our highestspraises Ab warm and-florid style pervades the:come . position; and, the, union of the, aceompar niments with the principals so masreriv.: in its management. aud. happy in its e ¥. 4 ~ . w fect as to mark the superior powers of the author, © The, part agsigued, ta"each in- strument is so appropriate, and the com- bination is so full and perfect, that the piece almost assumes the dignity, of a— quartett, > L\ Aagurio. Felice, a Sonata for the: Piano-force. Composed and dedicated1a. Miss Dering, by P, Anthony Corris As. j We have perused this sonata with much pleasure. Mach freedom and bold- ness of tancy, aided by wellstudied ar~ rafigement’ and- scientific. modulation, serve to distinguish the, work. and’ raise Mr. P. A. Corri far above mediocrity as. a piano-forte corhposer, Students sul- ficiently advanced for the praetice of this piece will find it a highty pleasing as. ‘well as a greatly improving exercise.“ ” ‘ Sonata for the, Pians,forte. Composed and,dedi» cated to Miss Bain, and Miss Eliz. Aldersony. by T, Haigh,, 2s. 6d. This. sonata. consists of three move- ments; an andante introduction, a po- lonoise, and*'a rondo.: ‘The subject of: the polonoise is’ prettily imagined, and - the. ronda- ig lively: and" striking. The yO) i passages 62 passages for the most part, have a unity of character, and lie so well for the hand as to suit the practice of the young per former. . Six Canzonettas, with an Accompaniment for the.Piano-forte. “Dedicated to the Countess of Besborough, by W. H. Pollard. 8s. The style and general merit of these eanzonettas entitle then to our favoura- ble report.. An easy, unconstrained fancy characterises the various melodies, while the sentiment of the poetry is suc- eessfully consulted, and the basses and accompaniment prove the taste and sci- ence of the composer, who,we understand, isa young candidate for public favour. Al French Air, arranged with Variations jor the Piano-forte. Composed and dedicated to his Pupil Miss Fane Cassels, of Winyaw, by SF. Fay. 2. Gd The variations Mr. Jay has given to this air are engaging and ingenious, and cannot but do him credit with piano-forte students, who will find init muchimprov- ing practice. With the third variation we are particularly pleased: yet Mr. J. will excuse our noticing a fault in the motion of the upper part in passing from the sixteenthto theseventeenthbar. Mr. Jay,we are certain, does not require to be told, that when the melody forms a se- New Patents lately enrolled. [Aug. 1, venth tothe dominant, it should not con- tinue to ascend. charging to carelesness. —* Number VIL. of the Cabinet, consisting of Ron- dos, Airs with Variations, and Military Pieces for the Piano-forte. Composed and ar~ ranged by F. Woelfl, Esq. 45. 6d. The present number of this useful and pleasing little work consists of “ Fair El- len was a gentle maid,” composed by Mr. Hook, which Mr. Woelfl has arranged as arondo. As an agreeable piece for the piano-forte, and a proper and improving exercise for young practitioners on that instrument, we feel ourselves warranted in recommending it to the noticé of mas- ters and pupils, Grazd Sonata for the Piano-forte. Dedicated to Lady Blayney, by Signor Domenico Brisco~ li, Composer and Director of Music to the Louth Regiment, Master of the Reyal Callege of Pieta di Torckini of Naples. 3s. The subject of this sonata is bold and spirited, and the passages follow each other with an animated and happily-va- ried effect. The rondo with which the piece concludes is light and airy in its style, and calculated to please the genes rality of hearers, re . NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. a 4 MR. JEWEL'S, (STRATFORD LE BOW,) for a ‘Method of preparing or reducing Calo- mel to an impalpable Powder, by which the Process employed in levigating it is rendered unnecessary. {ALOMEL as usually prepared, is a » hard crystalline substance, that re- quires various and rather tedious opera- tions to bring it to a state adapted to yodical purposes. The object of the in- vention before us is to produce the effect of the grinding and trituration in a more perfect and at the same time in a more simple way. The calomel is to be broken in pieces, and put into an earthen cruci- ble of a peculiar form. “I place,” says Mr. Jewel, “ the crucible on its side in a furnace with an opening through which the mouth of the crucible projects about aninch. I then join to the mouth of the erucible an earthen-ware receiver, having an opening at its side to receive the open end of the crucible: this receiver is about half filled with water, The joint is luted, and the receiver has a cover, which cover has a side continued upwards for contain- ing water, with a chimney or tube in it to allow the escape of steam from water be- low. I then apply a fire round the cru- cible sufficient to raise the calomel in va- pour, and foree it through the mouth of the crucible into the receiver, where, by the water while cold, or assisted by the steain when it becomes hot, it is instantly condensed into an impalpable powder,” This patent does not rest upon the sliape or composition of the apparatus ; but Mr. J. claims, as his own jnvention, the method of rendering calomel fit for me- dical purposes, by sublimation or distil- lation so conducted as suddenly to con- dense the vapours, and prevent the con= cretion or crystallization of the product. a 5 MR. CHARLES DIBDIN’s, (CRANFORD,) for a Method of facilitating the Learning of Music. rm ; ‘This invention consists in substituting _ the letters of the alphabet for the charac- — ters hitherto used for designating the notes named by certain letters of the al- phabet, The notes at present used in 4 musig What then we cannot. impute to ignorance, he must pardon our ° 7 aaa ll - _Trepeated. 1808.] music are the semi-breve, the minim, the * crotchet, and the quaver. Instead of these are to be substituted the period, the colon, the semicolon, the comma. In the pre- “sent notation, the notes are placed on lines and spaces, and by this means the scale is described, which consists of the first seven letters of the alphabet five times to be the letters themselves, they will completely do away the cliffs. The first seven letters are to be large Roman ca- ‘pitals ; the second seven Italic capitals ; the third seven small Roman capitals ; the fourth seven small. Roman; and the fifth seven small Italic. For the sharp and flat will be used the acute and grave ‘accents: instead of the bars are to be used dashes —— and the marks used to distinguish sections §; these and other alterations are to be introduced, which we suspect musicians will not very wil- -lingly sanction. Teachers do not readily -become leamers; nor will it be an easy task for Mr, Dibdin to persuade adepts in the musical world that the proposed alterations are indeed improvements. We remember some years ayo a mathe- ‘‘matician attempted to prove that the words plus and minus, and other algebraic terms, were not only barbarous, but ought to be discarded by the English stu- ‘dent. As we predicted, the terms which had been sanctioned by ages and the ‘most respectable authority, still remain, while the book that would have excited ‘a needless innovation is well nigh forgot- ten. We suspect Mr. D.’s invention will experience a similar fate. ——— MR. EDWARD WEEKS, (DENBIGH, WALTS,) Sor a new and improved Frame for for- cing Cucumbers, &c. This is a-double frame, of which the external one is nearly similar to that which is already in use. The internal frame is made without covering, aud with a boarded bottom sufficiently strong for sustaining the weight of the earth placed on it for the growth and sustenance of lants, and not on the dung or hot-hed. ‘Lhe bottom of the external frame being farger than that of the internal, a space is left between the two for the admission of the heat to the plants, which passes to them from the hot-bed through such ‘spaces or cavities, and not to the roots of the plants through the earth as in the minon way. ‘The internal frame is so contrived, by means of rack-work, &c, shat it can with the earth upon it, and a Op SPs - New Patents lately enrolled. The substitutes are intended 63 the plants growing thereon, be raised or drawn up altogether within the external frame nearer to the glass lights, and by that means the plants or fruits may be made to receive a greater and more be- neficial. influence from the rays of the sun; it may likewise be lowered at plea- sure, and be suspended at any distance between the glass and hot-bed, by which a due degree of temperature may be re- gulated. ‘The admission of the heat from the hot-bed through the cavities or spaces between the frames to the plants or fruits, is also an advantage, as It pre- vents the roots of the plants from being burnt or damaged by a superabundant heat arising from the hot-bed througly the earth. a MR. DANIEL DERING. MATHEWS, (MARY LE BONE,) for Improvements in. the Construction of Watches and Chreno- meters. Mr. Mathew has annexed to his speci- fication drawings explanatory of his in- vention ; but as we have no means of in- troducing these into this work, it will be difficult to render our account intelligible, The escapement is of a new construction, depending however on the number of teeth in two equal and similar wheels, which number is to be regulated by the number of beats to be produced in a given time. The arms of the pallets ter- minate in distinct centres of motion, but so disposed as to cause the motion of the arms to be concentric with each other, and with the balance itself: in other words, the pallets and the balance move in different planes upon onc and the same imaginary line or virtual axis. There is a piece by which the pallets and balance are supported, and back-springs which urge the pallets towards the wheels; and to each lever there is opposed a stop which prevents the pallet from advancing so far as to touch the rim of its corre-* spondent wheel, The back-springs may be respectively adjusted, with regard to their strength and action upon the said levers, by means of a screw applied to each, or by setting ar bending, or by taking down the thickness thereof, and thus by their action upon the -baiance, supply the place and office af the pendus lum spring. ‘To etfect these purpures, & compensation for heat and cold may Le applied in any of the usual methods to the springs, instead of a compensation (o the balance itself; and the strength aud action of the springs may be regulat a, Phen an Gt and’ rendered Yhore equable, in the se- veral angtlar positions f /the levers, by the interposition of a piece equivalent to the timibler in a igtin-lock, of to the jointed” connection between the main- spring anda lever from the ‘axis ‘of the Gack, ass Sometimes done in the sameé iistrument. “the patentée next deserifes the method of making the &¢- veri parts of the machine, declaring that call hig tmproévements are capable of being “varied, disposed ‘ahd applied in and to the construction of watchés and chiond-_ New 4éts of the British Leststarure. “meters, ‘in Several afferent fiatinerss * both ) “wheels, and the balances may raise thein, rin ty aridin partictlar, that the pallets niay be placed On the Sime Sidé of the and Yeceive their maintaining reaction,by ‘means of pallets proceediny'trofn a straight verge. And tie adds, ‘that he improves his watches and chrononieters, by Stop- ping’the ‘holes with platina, itistead of - using hard brass or jéwelling in Move-+ ments or the parts theréof, whierein the — “improvement Of ‘stopping with platina may be'preferred. ‘ABSTRACT OF THE PUBLIC LAWS ENACTED BY THE BRITISH LEGISLATURE. rehash Passed in the last Session of Parliament, 48 Geo. III, anno 1808: ° \ a en FUNIUE attention of Parliament in the . late Session, was so. repeatedly oo- eupied in the discussion of the justice of the late Expedition against Denmark, and ihe consideration of the policy of the orders in council, that the, most im- portant business. was obliged to be de- ‘ferved until near the close of the Sessiam. This, therefore, bas occasioned us to de-. Jay our usual notice of the New Acts a til now; and, of thase, we shalt only give such as are of general concern, or which present some new feature in legislation, omitting all of an. official or temporary nature, 2s well as those which annually pass in the ordiupary course of Parliamen- tary business, “¢48 Geoi 1H. c. 1. An “Att for regulating the issuing and paying off of Exchequer Bills,” s«Passed 27th Feb, 1808. The “reenlations i this Act™ aré chiefly of an official natufe; but there i$ one provision iti it hy Which there will be Sonie saving to the public, in respect oF “the dfiterest On sdme of thé Bills, afd Which it inay not be improper to notice: | Out readers may be aware that hitherts the reveitets and collectors of the publié tixés Have bécti at libefty to pay in thei colléctidns in Exehiedticr Bills; and také interest therediy’tp fo tlie ‘time; but it is now provided by fis Act, that thé ine terest shall ease after they come tS theit Kands, viz. 'Vliat no interest shall run ¢ be paid upo atiy ‘seh Bills during the time any such Bills ghall remain’ in thé hands of amy of clie said receivers or col- léctors, or inthe ‘lifinds of any Teller of the Excheqtier, but’ for ath time the in- té¥est shail ceate. § 5, « 48 Ceo. HI. c. 15. An Act for Punish. ing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the bet- ter.Payment of the Army and their, Quar- ters.” —Passed Uist March, 1608. The following appeat to be new clauses. Yow introduced, fer the first time, into this annual Act, ‘atid nay bé proper to be feneraily known, TP any apprentice shall inlist and State to the justice that he is not ai ap- prenticé, he shall We wuilty of & wiisdés Meador, and may be kept to hard labour for two years, and at the expirdtion or his apprenticeship be liable to sétve as a soldier; and; if be do ot déliver himself tp for that purpose, He may be taken ts 4 deserter. § 74, ° y hn “ Masters, to éfititfe them to claim npprentices whd have been bound for Seven years, “aré, withih ohe month of their absconding, to go before a justice’to ¥erify on oath, the Binding. § 75. “ Masters of apprénticés enlisting, coh- senting thereto, are to receive such par of the bounty as shiall ot have been paic to the réeruit, except two guineas for ne- cessaries. § 77, ating"; ot j ‘“« And dpprenticés claimiéd by théit masteis shall bé taken before a justice ad committed, §78, ahd tried at the fext Quarter Sessions. §80. °° “ But ho servant, except an apprentice, is liable to'be taken out of the Service for” breaclr of contract. §82, 9° * “And sefvants enlisting aré to be en= titled to sic wages up to the trie Of their enlisting, as’ the magistrate nay ead. foo MEPS hatte ~ The next Att which we have'to notice; is one which underwent considerable - discussion i* iv . 1808.) discussion in both Houses of Parliament, and may, if it should be ultimately ren- dered permanent, either by an absolute Act or an annual continuance thereof, be the means of preventing offices from being bestowed, in future, on corrupt or incompetent persons. This Act is as follows: s* 48 Geo. III..c. 50. An Act to suspend the granting of Offices in Reversion, or for » Joint. Lives. with. Benefit of Survivorship, for one year after the passing of this Act, and from thence until six weeks after the Commencement of the then next Session of Parliament.—”’Passed 27th May, 1808. During the time as above, “ novoflice, place, employment, or salary, within his Majesty’s dominions, nor any emolu- ments arising therefrom, shall be grauted in reversion or.forjoiut lives with benefit of survivorship, or. for any two or more lives in succession by his Majesty, or by any board or department of government _ or by any chief judge or officer of any court of Jaw-or equity, or ecclesiastical or adwiralty court, $1, Aud every vrant contrary, hereto shall be void, § 2. and the selaries forfeited to the king. §.3. ut this is not to extend ty’ grants made by any chief judge or officer of any court of law or. equity, or ecclesiastical or ad- miralty court,, or. by apy archbishop or: bishop, in relation: to any office which before the passing of this Act might be, granted in reversion, or for lives, nor'to prohibit appointments of assistanis and successors to the parochial clergy of St. Maud, § 4.” 6°48 Geo. UL. c. 55. An Act for repeal- .ing the Duties uf Assessed Taxes, and granting new Duties in lieu thereof, and eertain additional Duties to be consolidated _ therewith, and also for repealing the Stamp _ Duties on Game-Certificates, and Priating . mew Duties in licu thereof, to be placed under the management of the Commis- _sioners for the Affairs of Taxes.” Passed Ast Jane; 1808. Tiss Act is certainly of considerable , importance to the public, particularly as the assessed taxes are not merely conso- lidated by it, but in many instances in- creased : it-is however too long for inser- tion. here, and our readers will find an ample detail of its contents in the several Tax-Lables which are published. _ The next Act which we have to no- tice, is one which was brought in by the Taw officers, aud which met with consi- erable opposition from the members generally oppose the minister, but * Mentiyy “Mac., No, 174. New Acts of the British Legislature. 65 there certainly was no novelty in the Measure, notwithstanding what was ur- ged against it; for in common law pro- ceedings, there is a sitnilar practice for the furtherance of justice between party and party, to let a plaintiff in to hile a common appearance for a defendant ac cording to the statute; and im the case of offences against the customs and ex- cise. This precise regulation was some ears since introduced without any ob- jection: the Act is as follows: 6¢48 Geo. II. ¢. 58. An Act for amend~ ing the. Law with regard to the Course of Proceeding on Indictments and In’orma- tions in the Conrt of King’s Bench in cere tain Causts; for authorizing the Execue tion in Scotland of certain Warrants issued for Offences committed in England, and for requiring Officers, taking Bail in the King’s Suit, to assign the Bai! Bonds to the King,”——Passed ist June, 1808, “ Whenever any person shall be charged with any offence, for which he may be prosecuted by indictment or in- formation in the court of king’s bench, not being treason or felony, and the same shall be made appear to any judge of the same court by atidavit, or by certificate of the indictment, or information being filed, it shall be-lawful for such judge to isste his warrant, and cause the party to be apprehended, and bound in a recog- nizauce with two sureties to appear and answer; and when they are detained for want.of bail, the prosecutor may deliver them a.copy of the indictment, or infor mation, with notice to appear and plead, within eight days, which if they do not do, the prosecutor may enter an-appear- ance for them, plead not guilty, and pro- ceed to trial.” § 1. ‘The next clause authorizes the execu- tion in Scotland of warrants issued in England. § 2. And the last authorizes the assignment to the prosecutor of bail bonds taken on arrests at the king’s suit, on writs of capius ad respondendum. § 3. “48 Geo. IIL. cap. 59,” enable his Majesty to settle an annuity of 10,0001. on her Royal Highness the Duchess of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel ; passed June 1): 1808. : “48 Geo. IL. cap. 60,” enacts, that no person using the trade of tanning of leather, shall by himself, or by any other during the time that he shall use the said trade, carry on the trade of a shoe- maker, currier, leather-cutter, or other artificer, exercising the gutting or work- K i ing i4 Koghian John, Liverpool, victualler, ing of leather upon pain of forfeiting every hide and skin by him wrought or— tanned, during the time he shall ue the trade of tanning, to be recovered b action, with full costs, half to the king and half to the informer. § 7. 66 Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. [Aug. 15 . “ 48 Geo. IIT. cap. 70,” enacts, from October 1, 1808, no Brit uilt vessel captured by the enemy, shall afters wards be registered as a British vessel, but though owned by British subjects,” shall be deemed prize-built. AxpHaseticat Lrst of Ban RuptTcies and Divipenps announced between the 20th of June, and the 20th of July, extracted from the London’ Gazettes. ee eel - BANKRUPTCIES, (‘The Solicitors? names are between Parentheses. ) ALeCOTT William, Gofport, Southampton, haberdah - . ere (Compipne, Gofpert, and Tarrant and Grey, Chancery lane ‘ Andrews Garret, Mark Jane, fhip broker. (Healing, Lawrence jane, Cheapfide Ball William Corbin, Wolverhampton, baker. (Biddle, . Walverhampron, or Williams, Staple inn - Bell John, late of Souchwood lane, Haetgate, underwriter (but now @ prironer in his Majesty's prison of the Fleet). iJackton, Garden'court. Femole . Bel) Robert, Newcafle upon-Tyne, linen draper. (Clen- nell, Staple’s inn, f-ondon, and Saul, Carlisle 4 Best Benjamin, Great St Helens, Sithopfgate ttreet, With- = jnbmerchatt railor,- (Wilce, jun. Castle freet, Fal- con fquare Birch John, autt Robert Rubinfon, Broughton Lodge. Lan- cater, cotton fpinners. (Milna, Sergeant, and Milne, Manchefter, and Mijne and Parry, Temple Bloom Vanicl. of Vrowse Miligate, Norwich, merchant. © (Poster, Son, and Unthank, Norwich Bradbury William, small Sridge, Hundersfield, Lancatlter, woolien clothier. (Shephard and Adlington, Bedford Tow, and Milne, Rochdale d Bucknall Juhn, Newcaftle u der Lyne, Stafford, liquor merchant. (Plant, NeWwcaiile, and Whalicy, Sraple wma Bul'en Robert. Weymouth, butcher. den. ani Bayley, Weymouth Calvert Thoma:,. Lancatter, grocer. and Clark, Laneatter ae Cafe Tonk, ncarborough, Yorkthire, cabinet maker. . (Bousfield, Bouverie treet, London, or Woodall, Scar- ordu-h Cawley Allen. Milton, Derby, grocer. court, Temple, and Pitas, Stockport Chandler Nathaniel, Fleet market, butcher, . Touk’s court, Curfitor freee Cocking Richard, Golgate, Ellel, Lancafter, hatter. (Blakelock and Makinion, Elm. court, Temple, Eon- don, and Atkinfon, Lancafter (Sige, Hatton gar- (Hurd, Temple, (Huxley, Pump (Fletcher, (Pennington, Li- verpool, and Windle. John ftreet, Becfurd row Cotten \Thomas, Grove, Mackney, infurance broker. { Bourdiilan and Hewitt, Cheapfide Crofts Jofeph, Great ‘rill, Axminster, Devon, horfe dealer, (Stokes, Golden fyuare Dauvers fohn, Woolwich, furgeon. TempleJjane. | Davey John, Curtain road, Shoreditch, (Bond, Leaden- hall treet : Davies Evan. Cloth fair, West Smithfield, woollen draper. (Pullen. Fore ftreet, Cripplegare / Davis, Nathan. Lillon Green, raddingtou, dealer and chap- man.) (Keys, somerfet treet, Aldgate Davis Samuel, the younger, Ilford, Effex, fhopkeeper. ° {Payand Kamerton, Fencivurch ftrect Delahoyde Charles, Efher. Surrey, and Naymarket, Mid- diefex, rectifying diftiler. “ (Humphries, Clement's 7 : (Lansdown, Inner ann Do-ey James, Hereford, wine merchant. (Chilton, Chancery lane, and Okey, Gloucefter Doyle Fhomas, lete of Threadneedie itreet, (but now a prifoner'in the King’s Beuch), marier. (Dawes, Angel court, J hrogmorston Mi ecet Dryer Benjamin, Execér, fluor cloth ‘manufacturer. (Mortimer, Exeter, or Wiliams and Darke, sedford row, Lordons Ela ho. Brighthelmfone, carpenter. (Evatt. Bright fone, o: Wide, jn. Faicou fquare, London Falcoger John, Bernard ttreet, Ruficl fyuare. (May- hew, Symond’s inn Francis Phomas, Goodman Francis, and Thoma‘ Francis, the younger, Canbeidgey Merchants, (Wood, Cem- bridge, and Goodw on. King's Lyne Frankland Francis, Bow jaucy Cheagfide, warchoufeman. (Lee, Theee Crown court. Southwark Fricker Robert, Portfea, builder. {Compigne, Gofport, ¢ or Tarrant and Grey. Chancery lane Gate Joleph. Ficet free, paltry cook, Randall, Cattle treet, solhorn Gatty Jofeph, Oxford Greet, ironmonger. Cooper's hall, bafingia: tiveet f Gilbert Witham, Porrfea, cabinermaker, (Matthews and {Edifon, (Sandys and » Horton, Grane court, eieet street, or Suapers Portfea Gill 8lafhfurd, Manchetler. draper. (Rewitt, Manchef- ter, or Ellis. Shancery lane Goodenoveh Witliam, Hanpiead © (Benton. Fleet Greet ' Green Richard, Kithopfeate freer, jeweller. Holborn court, G@rvy's im road, coachmaker. (Spurr, Green William, Kingfland road, dealer and chapm: (Haydon. Great Trinity lane Grey Robert, Portfea, builder (Naylor, Great New street, Long acre, and Glendening, Portiea “ Guroey Charles, Liverpool. co.fectioners (Griffith, Lie verpool, and Windle. John ftreet, Bedford row Hallett William, Mereford, cordwainer. ~(Chilron. Exe chequer Office, Tincoln’s inn and Ward, Gloucefter Ham William, and William Auft, Cow crofs freeet, Mid- dlefex, brafs founders, (Ellifon and Dawfon, Lom- b rd treet " Harmer Samuel, Aldboraugh, Suffolk, innkeeper. {De- bary and Derby, Lanfield court, Temple, and Bohun, Weccles j s John. Aberdare, Glamorgan, builder, runfwick fuare A : Harrifoo Luke, Wavertree, near Liverpool, joiner. reft, | iverpodl,or Windle, Bedford row, London Henry Henry, Liverpool, tailor. | (Windle, Jobn Greets Redford row, and Griffith, Liverpoo! Hirft Jofeph/Suffolk lane, Cannon treet, Monument yard > Hobfon William, Stockport: Chefter. grocer, (Edmonds, Exchequer Office of Pleas, Lincoln’s inn, and ‘Yadde- ley, Stockport 5 Holehoufe. Ann, Union ftreet, Shadwell, fugar refiner. (Gatty and Haddan, Angel court, Throgmorton greet Hullah Robert Ainold, Moorfields, auctioneer. (Trick- cy, Fitzroy {quare ¢ Jacob Samuel, Portfea, flopfeller. (Ifaacs, Minories Joel Mofes, High treet, Shoreditch. dealer in glafs and earthenware. (Sparrow, Newcaftie-under-Lyne, or Wilfon, Temple ‘ Jones Henry, Northwich, Chefhire, draper, (Ellis, Cure fitor ftreet, London Kerrifon fhomas Alday, Norwich, banker. (Simpfuns_ Norwich, and Windus, Son, and Holtaway, Chaucery lane King George, King’s place, Newington, Surrey, builder. (Maddock and Stevenfon, Lincoin’s inn . a> Ledwell Richard, Cleveland ftrect. New road, St, Pancras. (Freame, Great Queen freet,Lincoln’s inn fields — Lee Thomas, Liverpuo', innkeeper. (Dawfon, Livers pool. and Shephard andAylington, Bedford row, London — Levy Samuel, Little Paternolter row, Spitalfields, furnie ture broker, (Ifaacs, Mitre court, Aldgate ' Lomas John, che elder, John Lomas, the younger, and Jofeph Holdfworth Lomas, Ceicefter, woolltaplers. (Lawton, Leicefttersand ‘laylor,sSouthampton buildings, Chancery lane £ 3 Lovell James, Houp@fditch, London, baker. (Parnther- (Crump and and Son, London ftreet, Fenchurch ftreet Mainwaring William, Liverpogl, tailor. Lodge, Liverpool, and Battye, Chancery lane ‘ Mafon Edward, Great Swan alley, Coleman ftreet, carpen- rer, (Palmer, Yomlinfuns, and Thompfon, Cops thall court, Uhrogmorton ftreet May. James, Decham, Efiex, maltfer. (Hulme, (For- (Sudiow, (Denton an@ arker. Gray’s int i M'Gbiian William, Prelton, Lancafhire, linen -drapers (Blanchard and Carry Prefton, or Blikelock and Mae kinfon, Temple ‘2 Meeker William Parfons, Basinghall ftreet, merchafts (Walton, Girdler’s Hall, Bafinghall freet Mulliner John, Birmisgham, mealman. (Egerton, Gray's ion fguare, and Spurrier, Birmingham Newcomb) George, Bath, jeweller. (4urit, Lad line, Loedon. f - Orchard. George, otherwife George Tryon Orchard, Co-_ penharen houfe, Ifiagton, vittualier. (Loxley, . Cheapfide w s Parker George, Chenies ftreet, Oxford road, Britis wine maker. |. (Druce, Billiter fquare Sa Parr Robert, Watling ftreet, wholefale haberdaters (Fither, Bread’ treet, Cheapfide Peacock Richard, Turomill treet, Clerkenwell, currier. (Vandercom and Comyn, Cannon {treet - Phillips Joho, Urinter’s ttreet, Blackfriars, and of the Strand, Middletex, dealer in glafs and earthenware, (Henfon, Dorfet firett, Salisbury tquare Z ; Popplewell John, Hull, anctiqneer. (Exley and Stocker, . Furnival’s inns and Codd and Garlana, Aull Pugh William, Machynleth, Montgomery hire, thopkeeper. (Orred, Liverpool, or Cooper and Lowe, Southampton buildings, Lendan : ital Raynel! Ncnryy #riftel,linen draper. — (James, Gray’s — ino fyuaré, and Morgan and Livett, Briftol : Ryley George, Salford, Lancafter, builder, (Redhead acd Brothsr, Manchefter, and Midne and Parry, Temple Salter ‘Thomas, Trinity fquare, Tower hill, broker. - (Crowder, Lavie, aid Garth, Frederick’s place, Oid Jewry / Sanders John, late of Canterbury, and nowa prifoner ia the Fleet, curn merchant. (Mayor, Broek treet, Holbora Sanders | ai ‘4 Papeery samuel, Abchurch lane, vintners (Drute, Bil- er square Sattocthwsice ‘Thomas, Kendal, Weftmorland, tanner {Richardfon aud Fell, Kendall, and Jackfou, Garden core, Atiddle Temple . 1 Gecretay John James, Winchelter freet, infurance broker. (Pearce, Dixon, and Allen, Cheapfide Shee John, Bloomsbury square, wine and brandy mer- chant. (Hughes, Sear yard, Lincoin’s inn feids Shenton Thomas, Market Sofworth, Leicefier, draper ~ (Berridge Wood treet, Cheapfide, and Thorney, Hinckle Sintzenich : ; mae trees, printfeller. ur. Seannate Richard, North Witham, Lincolnshire. beaft job- ber. {White Grantham Withaw, Uamb’s Conduit Mreet, or Taylor, Chancery lane Stokue Gorge, Sun ftreet, piane maker. (Aubrey, Tooke's court, Curfitor ftreet, and Pullen, Fore treet Stretton William, © adenhoe,~Northameton, butcher. (Sherard, Thraptton, or Oundic, Northampton, and Kinderley. Long, andi Ince, Gray's dan Swallow Richard, Atterciiffe Forse. ShefReld, ironmafter. (Sykes and Knowles, New inn, and ‘rookheld heficid Thornber James, Colney Lancathire, calica manufacturer, (Hardacre, Colne. or Laycock. Aldermaubur | Tongue Chrisopher, Runcorn, Chefhire, and Liverpool, ale and porter dealer. (Crump and Lodges liver- pool, or fatnye, Chancery jane Uthaw Witiim, Beverley, Yorkshire, corn merchant. : (Duesbery, aevericy, or Lambert, 4atton Garden Warkins James, “ Cowithaw Charles. Afhborne. Derby. July 9 Cra ot Jahn, Royal Spa Gardens, Bermondfey, vidtualler, rt: 2 s “Ero Jenner 3 Gioucefter, wine merchant, and John, Liverpool, curriers, Augult 19 her. erpool, milliner, o.uguit 17.» tiv ixun Jonn Wood. Crefcent, Minories, thip and infurance er, Augult 6 ‘ fh Georg, Kendal, grocer. Auguft 6 mes. Buih | ane, Lond .n, merchant, July ig a} en Wiliam, Lancalter, merchant, july 15 otherwife Yeadon, George, Becmondfey ftreety fdrefier, July 23-0...” : a) i is Thomis Vucksfoot lane, Upper Thames ftreety. &. manufacturer, Augutt z re Charles, Hull woollen draper, July 26 ; e Henry, Manchefter, tea dealer. psugutt 2 “ empoipdanshatter, cotton ipo Juiy 12, 23, — 7p John James, Yoxford suffuik. draper, Auguk _ Gear tamuct, Hull, cabinet maker, *uguit iz or Gi Giles, Sandwich, |ineu draper. July 03 Y avid, Nottinguam, vidtuallcr, July 14 f 6, Tower Royal, merchant. Augut gy i 3, aud Patrick Dempfey Feley, Tower Royal, ‘eK . Ye ¥ 2 & + DF Mi agp if oer i Antik Tai i iam, Briftel, fugar refin uly t ih fully ax farefier, foe ne Bn oe am, the younger, Maiditonc, ue cha Man, July 36 : i é y 3808.) if Alphabetical Tat of Bankrupteies and Dividends. c noe John, €pfom, thopkeeper, july 16 ‘ bal Pp pkeeper, july i Ditkens Bait Gascener itreet, Hoxton, baker, Auge2-~ 67 beaux _ Green. Valentine and Rupert, Percy itreet, Tottcnham court road. engravers, \ugult 2 Greenock Thomas, Drayton in Hales, Salop,. Mercer, uly 26 2 Grifiih John Yew, broker, Auguft 6 Grimes Gcorge, Great Warner @reety Cold Bath fields, Auput * kee Ham in Rinhetdd Tottenham court road, victualler, July 23 Hancock William, Sheficls. grocers July a3 Hare Mofesy Ex-ter, cabinet maker, July si Harrifan George, Globe ftreet, Wapping carpenter, and James Gibfoay the elder, deceafed aAuguft 2 ’ Rarrifun Sanpiel, Manchefter, and William-Harrifon, Shef- field, hak rs, Auguit9 Hart William, and Sainuel Turner, the younger, Loth- bury, warehoufemen, July 19 Hebert John and George, Grange road, ners, Augtit9 Henfhaw William, St, Catberine’s, near the Tower, merchant, Juy 23 Northampton terrace, City road, ftock Southwark, tan coal Hepp-lt. fohn, Monkwearmouth, Durham, fail maker, Augue 4 ys Herbert Phomas, Barnard ftreet, Buffel qiuares merchants Augut 9 Hetherington, Joha, Carlifle, inn keeper, Augult’s Hill. Stephen, Fishopfgate ftreet, oil and colourmans, July t9 Hill Tfaac, Strand, hattery Augut 2 . ’ Hod-fon John, the younger, Coleman ftreet, merchants July 16 r : Horn Rviliamy and Richard Jackfon, Redcrofs fireety Sourhwark. rectifying diftiliers, July 76 Hor, Nigholas, Martin's lane, merchant, Auguft 16 Houghton William and John, Pretton, Lancalter, cotton manufacturers, AugUIt 5 Hndfon James, Watling lireet, merchant. July 30 Jackion’ Richard, Redcrofs ikreet, Sourhwarky rectifying dittiller, July 26 9 Jackfon Jobn. siverpool. merchant, Augut 12 Jacob John, Stratford Efex, miler, Auguit g Johisfon John, Holborn hill, linen drapess july 23 * Jones James, Bilhop’s Stortford, Herts. fhopkeepers uly 76 oa Thomas, Gloucefter, horfe dealer, July 29. + Kirkpatrick ‘Thomas, Oxford road, filk mercer, sept. 3 Lambert George, Holbor), vidtuaher, jaly 16 ; Lewis Jacob and Silvefter Cohn, of Liverpool, and Maue rice De Jongh, of Manchefter, merchants, July 15 - Lewis John. Old Jewry. warenoufeman, July 30 Lioyd Johns Woolwich, vistualler July 26 a Loge John, London wail, carpenter, July 16, Nov. § Markham William, Cottingham, York, merchant, July 19 Marfden William. Mauchetter, merchant, June24 Martinvant Peter, St. James's ftreet, warehoufeman, ; Auguit 6 t Mafon Robert, late of Purleigh, Effex (but now of the King’s euch), dealerin catle, July 23 Matthias john, Brighthelmftone. flater. Augult 2 Meadiey Richard, Hull, patten maker, July 2: Merreheld Johu, Grantham, money fcrivener, Augut & Micklam John, Strand, tob cconift, Apguit 27 Mockitt Thomas. Deal, miller, July) Morley William, Drury lane, warehou Newoerry Edward, Old Broad ttreet, builder, Augut 25 23 . ; Pearfoa John, Maryport, Cumberland, mariner, Juty 20 Poole Robert, Ratcliffe Sighway, linen draptr, July 264 feman, July 2 Novemberis Poe ME Edward, Drayton in Hales, Salop, curricry uly 25 ‘; Potter Chritopher, Parliament ftreet, sight makers October 20 > Potts George, Newcattle upon-Tyne, linen draper, Aug. 2 Prior Jofeph, Prince’s ftreet, Randall William, Pope’s Head alley, broker, July 22 Reachead Waniel, St, Margaret’s hull, Soushwark, tin plate _worker, July 23 : Reid James. broad treet, Rigby fohn, Wigan, Lancafter, currier, Roberts Samun, Giucefter, bruh maker, july 29 Roberts William, Urittol, inewdraper, july 10 Roper Thomas, Ilington, rope maker, Auguit 2 Rowe Mark, Vruro, hhopkeeper, Julyat Rowton Zaccheus, Northampton, factor, July 13 ; anderwriter, Augnt 70 Auguks ; ‘ spitalfields, dryfalter July 16+ Roxburgh James, Wiuchelter frrect, infurance broker, ; Augutt 6 Sawyer John, Sayer Jotny Paternotter row face merchante Senior John, Broad court, Drury lane, December 17 Leeds. merchant, Aueguft to 3 Thy 77 ve > money ferivenety » F ey Simpfon Thumas, and Nottingham Simpion, Northaller- > ton, York, merchants, July 23 Smith Wiliam, Cheapfide, warehoufeman, Augult 27° ~ Spicer Howard, Walden, Effex, malciter and araper, July 26, Avgult 6 : ¥ Spittle Joho, Darlafton, Starey Thomas, Newgate Auguitg : we Stuart Thomas, Bermondfey ftreet, hat manuf turer, Stafford, vidtualier, July 30 ; {treet, wholefale linen drapery uly 23 ee Tetley Jo\ua, Leeds, brandy merchant, and John Hucksy July 22 moilinton Richard, Leek. Stafford, liven dtapet,; Auguft a Towers Thomas, Blackburo, Lascafhire, ironmougery wiys | tad Trea Gd *enomass Exeter, and John Hall, Alphington, Devon, merchants, July 28 : Wilcock ®oberr, Irlam, Lancashire. cotton fpinner. July 28 Wiilimott James sebaltian, stamford, Lincoln, tinen dra per, July 25 we Bs Wood Tah. Manchefter, cotton fpinner, July 16 Wrigicy James, Pitt treet, Blackfriars’ road, hat manu- facturer, July ig - BSPORP * 4 Ee —————ee -————— . REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the care of the late senior Physician of the fiasbury Dispensary, from the , 20th of June, to the 20Ln of July. : , —Ee PEBRIS .- cece reer cere cenr esses 12 » Catarrhus PRthysis: |. sais cele cece enw seca son ones Opthalmia .0,.---- eene erence npeerce Dyspepsia ...- erecerecercasdcorcesrs Hypochondriasis ..ssseeecereeseeeees Menorrhagia «0... 22 cece cs ceoeverers Levcotrbuta «ess cee cree rece encees Epilepsia ..-..... Diarrh@a ct Cholera ..,e,-eeerecerers Morbi Infantiies Morbi Cutangi 2... 5 cece cece eeaeeeee The extreme intensity of the recent heat, has of course produced a general disposition toward disedise, and in a great number of instances its actual farmation. Febrile complaints have been the most prevalent. In a greater or minor de- gree, there ave few persons that from the beginning of their lives have been free from affections of this character. With many, existence from its first commence- ment is a protracted fever. Where the blood in its cireuit through the sys- tem, although it flow in its ordinary channel, preserves not the usnal and healthy pace of nature; where the wte- ries coniract and relax either with a ca- pricious irregularity, or akind of ivascible rapidity; where the temperature et the body, although not vulgarly regarded as morbid, stands in fact above or below the wholesome point of the thermometer ; and in alliance with these indications of distemper, there isgenerally observed an imperfect capacity for, or anindispesition toward, mental or corporeal exertion: this eee eee weer ee eee eee ease eater ee eeweseerere sere rear ecereseereras mt Oo om OO HOON OS Sr je nesais guoifceling of uncomfortableness, the being out of sorts without being deci- dedly ill, this tatermediate and equivocal anomalous or anonymous state, which involves all the disasters laying claim to the denomination of disease, is asubject of particular compassion and of profes- sional care. Few require so much deli- cacy of attention as those who receive none from an idea of their not needing any. What are deemed nervous com- plaints, ere in fact not only the most real, but the most deeply rooted in the constitution. Nothing can be more un- philosophical or inhuman, than an at- tempr to ridicule a patient out of any mo- dification of hypochondriasis, It would not be more absurd to think of dissipa- ting a dropsy of the abdamen, than a distemper of the imind, by sar- éasm or levity. Hypochondriasis, of all complaints, is particularly deserving of a philanthropic tenderness. The nerves aré the chords of feeling, and should not be touched with-a mde or boisterous hand. Wine, of all things, oucht to be avoided by the nervous.. The strongest liquors are the most weakening: in proportion to the strength which the draught possesses, is that which it de- duets from the :person who drinks it. A suddeu blaze-is inevitably succeeded by chronic darkness. Joun Resp. Grenville-street, Brunswick-square, Juty 26. 1808. f < a ee A LC ae : STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN JULY. Containing official und autientic Documents. ee ‘ % AUSTRTA. TE measures now in execution inthe Austrian dominions are two-fold; one for organizing a national levee ex musse by calling out tie entire male papilation of * the country capable of bearing arms; and the other for establishing. by bailot, an army of reserve of fifty two battalions, or 59,800 men, to be exercised at given pez riods, and to recruit the regunents of the Jine, Tiese arrangements were executed with such promptitude, that the contri- bution of Vienna to the army of reserve, ~ amaunting to 750 men, was raised in a week.—The following Proclamation was at the same time issued on the sub- ject: ‘* We, Francis 1. by the Grace of God, Eatperorof Auftria, King of Hungary, Bo- hemiz, Gallicia, and Lodomeria, é&c. &c. Archduke of Auftria, Sc. ge. ‘© We have disclosed to our beloved fi jeéts, io our Letters Patent, of the rzth ult. our deligns attending the organization of the referves, namely, the defence of the Ma- natchy, which is to be founded on fuch meang as to afford us the poflibility of facilitating the finances of State by a reduétion of the regular army. ‘« In this defign we have found it good to organize amational /evy ea maffe, tending to defend the country. — ee We 1808.) 6¢ We do, for this end, choofe a period when we are in friendly relation with all the Powers of the Continent—for only then, if fuch meafures are ripely adopted, and ce- mented by time, can fuccefs be expected from them, in cafe they fhouid become needful. . 6 To execute thefe meafures, we have ap- pointed Plenipotentiaries, whofe knowledge, ' zeal, and attachment to our Perfon and the State, have been repeatecly tried. —They ‘have received definitive inftru&tion as to the “snanner and time of execution, and will take the other requifite meafurcs accordingly. «6 We expeét our beloved fubjects, who thave «}ways fhewn, in a moft Jauceble man- mer, their unfhaken devotion and fidelity towards us, will acknowledge in that regu- Jarion the full meafure of our paternal de- figns, and aflift to carry them into effect with all their might, as a meafure infepa- rable from their welfare. The activity and _ prudence difplayed in this bufinefs fhall ob- tain our fpecial approdation, and recommend those who fhail laudably diftinguifh them- felves in this particular. ¢¢ Given in our capital and place of refi- dence, Vienna, June gth, in the year 1808, and of our reign, the eighth year. ( ** FRANCIS.” tt ‘3 at ROME. |. Answer of his Eminence Cardinal Gamnievtt, , First Scerctary of State to the Pope, to the _ Wate of his Excellency M. CHamPpacny, fram the Empersr of France, dated April 19: | € After your Excellency had made known ' tothe Holy Father, that it was the decided _ wish “of his Majesty the Emperor and King, that he should enter into an offensive and de- fensive league with the other Powers of Italy, as had been declared by M. Champagny, to - the Cardinal Caprara, ‘by' note of the 3d cur- _ fent, the dispatch of the Cardinal has. been received, which brought the original note of the above minister. ; “©The Holy Father, after having atten- tively read and considered the said document, ~ hap ordered Cardinal Gabrie|}i, First Secretary of State, to make known to your Excellency his Holiness’s sentiments on its contents; be- Binning with that which forms the cardinal _ pnint among all the ochers. His Holiness } has seen with pain, that even the final propo- r ? Sition therein contained, of the-offensive and defensive league, should be accompanied with the threat of depriving him of his temporal dominions, in case of his non-compliance. If worlaly considerations had at all influenced the conduct of the Holy Father, he would from the firse have yielded to the wish of his Ma- jesty, and not have exposed himself to suffer ‘$0 many calamities; but the Holy Father is + segulated alone by the consideration due to his duty, and bis conscience: both have pre- vented him from agreeing to the federation, m7 and they equally binder him from consenting % + a ‘ State of Public Affairs in Fulys 69 to the offensive and defensive league, whica differs but in name; its nature, however, does not except any Prince, to whom the Pope, according to the circumstances of the times, might not become an enemy. | €© His Holiness feels, moreover, that this article, far from improving, detratts from his situation. In the articles presented to Cardinal de Bayan, the federation was pro- posed as alone against heretics and the Eng lish. But this is couched in general terms, pointing out no people as an enemy, yet ex- cluding no government, no nation, from the contingency ef becoming one. IF, then, his Holicess declined, from conscientious mo- tives, to be a party to that federation, 80 is he equally withheld from this league The Holy Father would not merely hind himself fo a defence, but to an aggresson. Then would be seen the Minister of the God of Peace placing hinfself in a state of perpetual warfare; then would be seen their common father in arms against his children, and the Head of the Chusch exposing himself, by his own act, toa deprivation of his spiritual cons net jen with the Catholics of those Powers against which the league would make it im- perarive on him to act hostilely. How then can his Holiness shake off his power and nae tural character, and sacrifice, as must be the ‘consequence, the interest of religion ? «: His Holiness, unlike other Princes, is ine vested with a two-fold character, namely, of Sovereign Pontiff, and of temporal Sovereign, and has given repeated evidence that he cane not, by virtue of this second qu lification, enter upon engagement which would lead to results militating against the first aad mast import- ant office, and injuring the religion of which he is the head, the Prop»gator, and the Aven- ger. is Holiness, therefore cannot enter into any offersiveand defensive league, which would, by a permanent and progressive system, drag him into hostility against all those powers upon which his Majesty may think proper to make war, since the Itsl:an States, now de- pendent upon his Majesty, can never ayoid taking part insuch wars. His Holiness would consequently be onliged to become a party in them by virtue of this league. Such an en. gagement must begin to be acted upon by the Pope from this moment, and against any Catholic Prince ; thus waging war against him without 4 motive Fartlier, it must be waged against all- those powers, whether Catholic or not, who may, upon whatever grounds, be the enemies of any Italian Prince. *¢ Thus is the Head of the Church, ace customed as he is to rule his estates in peace, driven in a moment toa state of warfare, ofa fensive against hostile powers, and defensive of the others. This engagement is too ree pugnant to the sacred duties of his Holiness, and too injurious to the interests of religion, to be entered into by the Head of that reli- gion, His Holiness feels that it would be a dereliction of truth to enter the leaguemhe would 70 would announce, by such a sea eiehe Bu’ yefusal of any accommodation, any peace with marks, that primitive the Emperor, and would even declare hosti- lities against him. supposed, that his Holiness should-be capable of declaring war aga.nst any power? He has long’ been enduring the most hostile treat- “ment, and is therefore prepared to endure the threatened loss of his temporal dominions. «© Heaven is witnefs of the purity of his *Holinefs’s idtentions, and the world will judge If it was poflible to. have conceived fo exira~ ordinary 3 fcheme. Ardently defiring to compromife, and to be in peace with his Ma- jetty,” ‘he manifefted, in his note of the 28th of January Jaft, his compliance, as far as it was yeMible to comply —his Majesty, however, does: not praciife al] chofe, condeicenfions which he might practife towards the Holy See 5 he po shifts inflexibly in demanding what bis Holinefs neither can nor will accede to, mamely, in bipding him to a war, and toa “perpetual arid ag spreflive War, under the pre- “tence of feeurin: his tranguillity, What can Italy have to fear if his, Holinefs {ould not enter into the propwfed Jcazue, “ Sotiptinded as the Papal dominions are by phofe of his Majefty, no rational fear eobld te entertained but of the ports ; yet his Holinefs having offered to fhut them during the prelent war againft the enemies of France, and to guard the coaft, he thus propofed to corttibute, a5 far as was in his power, with- out betraying his facred duties, to the fecu- rity and tranguillity of Italy. JF, in fpite of ail this, his Majefty thal] teke pofféflion, as he has’ thrcatened, of the Papal dominions, refpeéted by all, even the moft powerful mo- narehy, during a e of tem centuries and upwards, and fhall overturn the government, his Hovinels will’ be unable to prevent the fpoliation, apd can. only, in’ bitter afliion of heart, lament the evil which his Ma- jefty will'commi in the ght of God; tru&- mE in whofe protection, his Holiness will re~ main in pérfcet tranquillity, enjoying the confcioafnefs of not having brought on this difafter by imprudence or by obftnacy, but to preferve the independence of that Sove- reipnty which he ougit to tranfmit unin yjored. to hi§ fucteflors, as lie received it; and to’ maihtiin, in ifs integrity, that conduct which aay fecure the univer(al concurrence of all ‘Princés, fo ‘neceffery te the welfare of reli- gion. For this fidelity to his focred duties, his Holinefs will receive confol tion frdm the words of his’ Divine Maffer, ‘* Bleffed-are they who’ are perfecuted for righteoufnefs fake » ‘State of Public Dhiirs é in BS R soa ad e xe domicile of many years, his Holinefs re- allegiance cannot avail againft the sacred obligations .under- How could it ever be :taken by the Cardinals of the Church of God, the oaths they take on receiving the purple, and their eminent office of Council- lors to the Sove:cign Pontiff in his fpiritual concerns; and thar, Ehesefanee they cannot be torn from his bofom. «© With regard to the eeffation of the fune- tions of the Legate, and to his departure, his Holinefs could hardly have expeéted that they would have been attributed to the moe tive afligned in .M. Champagny’s note. His Holineis will repeat them once more. After having tried every method to recal his. Ma- jefty to his previous fentiments towards the Papal See, and to, concert the defired repay ration of fo many religious innovations—af> ter having endured, for fuch a length of time, with unfubdued patience, and with une alterable meeknefs, fo. mony ‘outrages and infults—after having feen how fruitiels were all the remonfrances urged againft the hoftile proceedings of the French—safter having peaceably burne the homiliation of imprifon- ment, and feeing thefe infults, thefe con- tempts, thcfe violations, increafe with every hour, his Holinefs found it neceflary, though — with the deepest regret, 40 determine on the recal of his Legate, in order to overthrow, - at Jeast'in the face of the world, the falfe and fcandaious opinion, that whatever might occur, even the moft flagrant wrongs, would receive his tacit confent. ‘* In this very recal, the precife period of which could not have been anticipated hy his Holinefs, he profefied, along with thofe con- ftant affeGtionate regards which he enter- tained for his Majefty, that could he but cons fent to the demand of the evacuation of Rome, and be satisfied with thofe conceffions which are compatible with the duties of bis Holi-: nefs, the Legate might continue in confor-: mity with his inftru@ions, to exéreife hier fon@ions. But his Majefty proved inflexible, and inftead of receding a fingle ftep, preferred> the difcontinuance of the, Legation, and the depart vre of the Pontifical Reprefentative. ‘¢ It is not, therefore, hie Holinefs, who by this hypothetical recal of his Legate, has declared war againft the Emperor—it is the.’ En. peror who chufes to declare war againft his Holinefs—and, not content with de- clating it againk , his temporal Sovereignty, he threatens to raife in his Spiritual, a wall: of civifion between the Catholics of France» and the Sovereign, Pontiff, in the afiurance, » according to M. Champagny’s note, that the 4 ¥ fi 4 { “ With refpe&t to the articles relating to _ Cardinal Legate having given up his fundtions, wood the difmiffal of the Cardinals, his Hblivels, in the complaints alledged, had'no nee Mis examining the principle of their allegiay Pyefuming on that freedom which the BREE of nations allow to every. nian, to. live under that iky which is mioft congenial to hinr 5 prefumiog on that néw amen acquired ey " sage i the Gallican Church refumes its peer d in ali its integrity. ' *© His Holinefs has too good an opinion of tie illuftrious Clergy of France to doubt that the Gallican Church, however jealous of its prerogatives, is yet fo attached to the chair of « St. Peter, that it will maintain itfelf un- Shaken aed phy . * ° 1808) “State of Public Affairs, im, July en in its true principles, without affert-. t rights which it does not and cannot pof~ $ mor become fchifmatic, by feparating tfelf from the Catholic Unity. ry Tt is not then—the repetition is im- " poytant—it is not bis Holinefs who fecks the i pert: A ‘pacific Prince, notwithitanding he was obliged to witnefs the fpoliation, in t ince of all right, of his ftates of Bene- Vento and Ponte Corvo—-notwithfanding his ehormous expepfe in maintainingFrench troops —notwithfianding the ufurpation of his ca- rs the ufurpation of almoft all his fove- feign rights—not with ftanding the violent dif- miflal of fo many fpiritual perfons, com- pofin this Holy Senate—and notwithftand- Pg ail the other acts, by which his dignity _ has been degraded, all that his Holinefs did, “was to command his people, when the ° pence ey entered Rome, to fhew it re- fpe&t—-all that his Holinefs did was to re- ceive it inthe moft hofpitable manner, and implore of his Majefty, in the mean time, relief from fo many aggravated evils—and all that his Holinefs now does in this extremicy, Ki pee meer between the veftibule and the altar, invoking the pity of Heaven upon his people, and that by a return to better coun- fels, the moft potent. Emperor Napolron will tfufler the inheritance of the Roman See, en by Providence to the Plead of the Ca- _ tholic Church in full enjoyment, to be loft "and rooted out. ee Thus has his Holinefs made war ! Thus ” has he conduGed fimself to the prefent hour _ towards his Majefty however diftrefling the re- ~ fale. Still bis Holineis will cherifh the hope that his Majefty, rej:@ing the counfels of the ye jemies of the Holy See, who have had re- uurfe to every art to change his dilpofition, ‘will revert to their former friendly corre- fpondence, and be {atisfied with the concef- fions made in the note of the 28th of January. Tf, by the hidden purpofes of the Moft High, this fhould not take place, and his Majefty, __ regardlefs of his own glory, and deaf to the } cls of juftice, thould put his threats in ex- “ecution, and take poffeffion of the ftates of the Church by right of conqueft, overturning the Government in confequence, his Holi- _ mefs will be unable to remedy fuch fatal oc- currences ; but he folemnly declares, that the ~ firft will not be a conqueft, as his Holine(s is fin peace with all the world, but will bean ‘wfurpation more violent than hiftory can fur- | nif; and the second will not be the refult of eonqueft, but that of ufurpation. He de- clares, atthe fame time, that it will not be if work of political genius and illumination, but an “awful vifitation of God, from whom | oy? Sovereignty is derived, and efpecially that _ given to the Head of the Church, _ Bowing in that event, with profound adoration to the decrees of Heaven, his Ho- will find confolation in reflecting, thac ator and Redeemer willed thefe things, that all concurs to accomplith his pur- when his appointed time arrives. _ €§ This-is the answer which the under. : 1 vi G figned is: commanded by. his’ Holisefs to give to the note of M. Champagny, and to com- taunicate to your Excellency. ; |. © Cardinal Gasraizirtr.” . The Pope continued at Rome early in the last modth, when he was occupied in the beautifieation of three female Saints, but the French have usurped tlie Govern- ment. SPAIN. We noticed in our last Number the advices which had* been ‘received {rom Spain of a general Tnsutrection in that country against the usurpation and ty- ranny of France. Those advices have since been fully confirmed, and Spain has exhibited one of the most honourable ° positions recorded in history. Its whole population has risen jn. support of its tment, and of Ferdinand the Seventh, son of Charles the Fourth, -Pros clamations have been published in every province, but the foliowing is a specimea of the whole, and it eloquently describes the merits of the Spanish cause: Proclamation of Leon. “ SPANIARDS,—1To the excess of your fidelity you have heen sacrificed. It is not ne- cessary to remind you of the blunders, and perfidy of your government. .During twenty long years, you have ‘suffered in silence, while in open day the august palace of your sovereigns has been outraged, your grandeur has been degraded, ‘your nobility has been, prostituted 5 every man of charactet and me- rit has been proscribed, and the cignities and employments of this extensive monarchy have been bestowed upon contemptible flatterers. All this has been done in the sacred name of mz2jesty; and you, loyal even to weakness an@ crime, have suffered and groaned, without uttering yeur complaints, : «+ The detested insirument of these calami- - ties, who, by intrigue, has just efcaped the _ national vengeance, was selected by the most, treacherous of all usurpers, to accomplish his vain project of universal conquest. His arti- fice foresaw, that although his dominions exe tended from the base of the Pyrenean moun- tains, to the remote sheres of the Vistula, yet that the Spanish empire, wisely governed, might, at some. future day, oppose.his de- signs, and give assistance to nations oppressed by his tyranny. Under this apprehension, he entertained Che plan of dexterously seizing on this entire peninsula, and with that view, he availed himself of the assistance of the most odious, tle most ungrateful, and the most ferocious of human beings; he resorted to Manuei Godoy, the opprobrium of our species, who is now in France, insulting his country and his king. makes kfown unto all] the fubjects of the faid Prince, thae the French Goverament is entirely abolished and exterminated from this country, and that the Royal Authority of our levitimate Sove- reign is teftored, which will be exercifed fully and independently by the above-mentioned Junta, until the Government eftablifbed in this kingdom by bis Royal Highnefs thall be Feftured: in, confequence of which the faid Junta order, that his faid Royal @ighnefs fhall be proclaimed, and his Roya) arms dif- played and refpected as they always have been, and fhall be; and that all conftituted authorities fhall aét in conformity thereto, publithing all their orders in the name of bis faid Royal Highne(s. ‘* The Brsnov, Pretident and Governor.” Proclamation ’ ““Portucuese!—By Heaven, and by Jefus Chrift! You have a Governot wo loves you, who is anxious for your happinefs, and who will exert himfelf to ebtain it. What avail your turbulence, your exceffes, yourswant of that order and fubordination to which he would’ cohdué& you, anxious to preferve your lives? What opportunities have you not lott, of which you ought to have availed jonsieyes againft the enemy, fince you have neglected your own refources ) What fignals do you not éxhibit ro the enemy, that he miy entrap and furprife you !—Portu- guefe! Lifen ta one who loves you. The French intend to trke a blow, fatal to you, ano you are loft.if you are guilry of infubordi- nation, or cifregard the Councils of your Gow vernor, ‘Wour firing, your beat of drum, your bells, give to your enemies the know- ledge of where- you ate, where your force, and where vour weaknefs. From your enemy conceal your power, that you may ttrike the blow with the more fuccefs; and that you May encounter him when be leaft expects your approach. By thefe means you may conquer him. Subjett yourfelves to your fuperiors in all and through all, if you are defirous of vidtory 3 otberwife, be affured you will meet only difgrace. From neceffity.: after this Manner, the migbry bull yields to vigilance, dexrerity, aad the little cloak, -By whatever is facred in Heaven or in earth, by the facred name of Jefus Christ, the Governor implores you, that you maintain fubjection -to your chiefs conforming to the regulations of your refpective companies If you are ordered to a polit, chere you ought to remain until the moment of combat and glory fhall arrive. To you who are in the van we firft commit our caufe, and by valour diminifh the number of our enemits. You who are next in order, when your turn comes, fulfil your duty by dealing deftryuction around you: and.you whe form the rear guard, deftroy the reft. Wour energy muft be guided by intelligence ; > you muft be conduéted by wifdom, in order to be sonquerors. _ *€ Long live the Prince Regent ; Rortugal ; long live the Portuguete ! “The Brsxop, Governor and Prefident.” INGIDEN tB, ton live . me Mak 20h - ; Be: ‘ INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, axp DEATHS, mv any NEAR ane: 2 Trith Biographical Memeirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. ore! ith Biographite Soh guisl pial ly ‘ he’ quan- HE fotlowing is a statement of th brewed by tity of porterland table beer, ‘the twelve princip:l Hous*s im each line, be- ‘eldest daugh’er of Join ey of tween the 5th of July, 1607, and the Sth of July, 1808. Tee PORTER. Bargets. 5 Meus and Co) - = - 199,169. re Barclay and Perkins - 184,196 ~ Brown and Parry - = 153.647 Hanbury and Co. a foe Whitbread and Co./-")+ | 111485) = * Combe and Co. - =) 70,61 Goodwynand Co: =. =y70;252 F. Calvert and Co. = Dido Eliott and’Co. - & 48,669 Biley and Co. 36.230 P. Calvert and Co. Taylor and Co. - - - "32)600 a TAULE BEER. Barrels. * Rarrels. Kirkman —-¥0,350"] Hale, -7) 43, Charrington 20,252 | Cape. -10, Edmonds . 18,450 Stretion ‘ 3 Sandford”= 16,094 eet BPs Poullaine 14,441 | owell - G73 Satchel! 11,503 | Eves - §)8)103° MARRIEDS 4s At St.) James’s, “Lord Arthur Somerset, brother of the Duke of Beaufort, to the Hon. Miss Boscawen, sister of Viscount Falmouth. At the ‘Tower chapel, the Rev. ‘LC: Wil- kinson, rector of Ail Saints, Stamford,’ Lin- colnshire, to Miss Eliza Porrctt, second daugh- ter of Robert P. esq. of the ordnance office’ At Camberwell, Mr, Re Reid, Mile-end-road, to Miss Owen, daughter of Georze O. esqvo Camberwell Terrace. ‘The Rew. krodsham' Hodson, fe bw o: Bra- zen-nose College, Oxtord, to Wer 2 ossley- hill, near Liverpool. ‘Ar Lambeth, Alezarider Jehyl Chalmers, esq. of Chelsea, to Miss Richards, of Brixton, At St. George’s, Hanover-square, Charles ‘ ultency, Countess » Halse, esq. eldest son of Sir Edward H. bt Wun s Pol fay a Baron liss Maria of Breamore-house, Hants, to Buller, second daughter of the late john B, “ef Morval, in the county! of: Sornwahi, esq. She 4 At St. ye : Captain Richardson, of the has left to"Sir JamesPulteney the it fcc aie 5thigarrison ba * James Moore, esq. oF Pe y street.—TI.Swele, f - ‘ z a -Sharpe, After ‘his deceate esq. of on Lodge, Suffolk, tof relict ot Geo. L. esq. of che Views, Hunting- don. don, esq:to Mi Covent-garden. ” te - 39,002 Anird Mary te f At Mi on ee eldest son of Sir 1H surgeon, » n, to Miss Dent, niece of his life, of all n AtSe. cowie Covent-Garden, Jobb Gu- unstable, of Charles street, + re. a Oe ea eg — fAng. 1, RAN y sind, ee sitiaghe er-streut. ry-square, ee-house, _of Clapham-common, to Sarah, sec ‘ter of A. Cooper, esq. of Upper’ Danie! Davis, .esq. of "Bloom g Mrs. Ginm, of the Pi ‘ovent-gardem > xs “+ John Bache, esq: of Wyken, Shropshire, to Miss Ann Haslewood, of Bri north, “ » AtBethnal- recn, Ben | Parkchurst,esq. to Miss Dixon, buth*at SWICh.” ER. aps At Mary-le-bonne, George Sparkes, esq. of Baldwin's Park, Ke to Wiple, late of Winningtén. ; va y » At St. Gearge’s, Hanover-squares ay Robertson, esq. of Qld Bond-street, to fiss melia HelewClar daughter of the Rey. " w- 3 Spry, esq. of ~ ‘At St. Botolph’s, J to Miss Biges 6 Tre Revs H. N Aspley School,eto: _ Lieut. colonel Ra anmer, bart. to Aral) Dr. Henr raser, to Charlotte, Cha tte Dye Bucknall, ¢ the late Fis yor, sq: | a daughter: 1¢] Welles, esq. Castle-hi Wycombe, ucks. & : f - » 113) a Sakae Fa “ “— A, caer ae Lady of» Thomas Plummer, esq. f 4 At Soutliwood, Highgate, Mrs, Lon \ widow of Thomas L. e Feachurch-street, : Mol- I PF oweattehity. Gregory, widow of G. esq. late beingipal of Clitturd?s-i inn, 74. Aged 73, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Kerti/by, ’ fSr. Bartholomew’ Less sa of Sutton, fordshire. llingdon- heath, near Vinten rds. €Sq, maby years,eminently istin- ; fe his talents surgeon, “bur i hair sora pe _ business, - a vgn Res. % Trebecky vicar £S t. Michae}’ $ Queen- e am ins his mas Ys ES ives, es Pd Gar , wife Wm. f me it a eiisaee savick, of the ro tiliery. . Reid, . Born to no fortune, he yan | canal eo the ‘attillery, thelagh. i Piola his 74ch Fan apo jectig ft Colés, esq. he pa Majesty” s bed chamn- J thirty- three y ears steward'to the late of Roxburg) pstead, Mat Srbely, wife of Mr, 1s. bookseller, of the Strand, a & « J “< of S.C, Gis + eles oo in Pia » Philadelp one o Ait the hous ¢ ester, 1898) | Deaths in and near Baath At Albany, house,.Piccadi 75 My, Captain: Fols Croft, R.N. son o! Thomas C. esq, of Mure well lodg near Winchester, _ InCh sistreety. Berkeley-square, Lady Anne Wombwell, wite of Sir, George W. and se~ cond daughte r of the late Ea Th Mork- lane, Mr. R. Fo rl.of Fauconberg. nes, brandy mer- chant, ' well-known eccentric character on the Custom house qnays. He his died wo'th half a milion, which he has bequeathed to a in? fewman-stvect, Mrs. PatrickaG. esq. secretary to of St. ‘Patrick. Vt Clapteg )Mrs. Susan AP 8 Of poor relatives. 9f, ‘Goulding, wife of the Benevolent ab Graham, \ate a of Lisk Srnwalle iffy In! athe te Highgate, Richavid gtiie esq banker, 74.-—George Idle, esq. In Lincoln’s inn fields, Lady Eden, Wife of are ivechBie ares he burst Sink vederic E. bart. (She had lain in buta k, wheyshe caught the scaslet fever from tuher sons Who had come home ill from boar ding ee and i ina few days the disesse pr fa f e: eck, i es- sent Groen a Gores» yf * “street, sg Audley-street," Sir - , Aa. ; in ; on Snaw-hi i, ager sally “esteer itn lamented, re Jobn Browne, anda ry and chemist, hey five ped r of ne Law List, Browne’s Mas- tad ter Keys nd other masonic en, ae a trustee and dif tish ssurance Society. works, é&c. and ector of the Bri- ‘Aged 58, Mr. Charles Henry Wilson, late of the Midd'e Te ple He wasa native of the yorth of Ireland, and came to the metropolis ‘about twenty yeas ago. He was for a con siderable time editor “of the: Gazetteer, and there are C4 ee a periodical publications ng wh aa to his co on st ah the. «© Pol Burke,” h have hot been occa- ntributions, He thor of the ‘‘ Wandering Islander,” athea,”” ¢ keana,” ¢* Beauties of * ther original productions, pap pilosiotir a) and translations, tonone of which nd eee of sheeted and Celtic ons! fund of jearni jest, of most ex humour were tru ye the foe Miller wit to ou § lists with him 5 ista al, \s as ner to fail to. *¢ set th doing moragie to provide was passing over his head 5 ws ey Francis ..would he a his name tele refixed. coynty ie was profun ersed in the intiqwities c, Scandinaviah, n inexhaustible | § Mow of infini His wit and: The factitious i pted e wa ecdily ed by a simile or expression of his ri- dicrously apposite to the subject, ¢ in a roar.” reer, without r the day which Fate not oncom. mon comen ente ring the world under similar circumstances, and possessin, imijar endew- ments, joined to a strong relish for ‘social ,pleasares. ‘The intervals of ieisure which fre could snatch from the society of his: friends, oF a“ 16 culations which seldom turn epee account. The resultin this respect strongly exemplified the truth of Milton's observa- tion: e That, not to know at large of things ¢ -From use, obscure and subt.e 5 but: That which before us lies in daily life Is'the prime wisdom. r now a. macy with, Alterman Ba skec iemehs of the East-India Company, procured his young relative phe appuintment. of a river _ in the Company’s. service... In Neti .. 1752, he was placed on the Maaras est. ss oO ment, and about the middle ot the fol} month embarked at Gravesendy on board th Syielk Indsamag, commanded by Captain Wilson, for Hens of bis destination. On his arrival at Madras the badness of the hand he wrote occasiuned him to Mee ut first & e¢, tae only sch under tire store keepets instead. of h ‘ployed imthe secretary's ‘ ol diaman was ‘to have followed. y inheehe ree in, which a general kno ¢ of the Gempa- ainder: but London v ack ny’s attairs can Ge pequire -) Hew > how- rom. England, ever, suum femoved intu the Tatrer, and from the instructivns of Lor Pigot, tectiva lig was particularly zec - fluent dand,. Yo this i in some mea i fisiipagtne public t whatever ng tothe maps and charts wiit n pul lished by Mr. Valeyn oH oO yu obtdinsd the patro- nace ir €y the. celebratedphistorisn, aud Mx.Dupré, tie secretary, who, by his ap plisation, procured him to be “profited hi oilice, Mr. deputy., Witiiijne. was. in this Dalrymple was assiduously suns exa- mining ihe 9 FSi lity hitr- self, by an. antdece ‘with chen, to fill the. office ot secretary, which he’ was ia succes ssingaaippe=nest. While thus em- employed, h und that the commerce.of the Eastern Islauds was an ubject OF great consi- ‘denation with the Company » and he conceived Ay pS Account of A. Dalrymple, "Esq. ‘or the labours necessary to his subsistence, bea earnest desire to recover that important were generally devoted to those a truse spe- “object for this country. A’ favourable opp pose to go in the Cuddal chooner to the < eastward, ona voyage of ge observation, — - and Governor Pigot acceded ¢ plan. He whase pro u oe. d, hele wes follo speedily learned to write asvery. good and” 17.69 (Aug, 1 tunity offered for an attempt to exec design. Mr. Dalrymple was induced ed on’ the 28d: of April, _ accordingly em a Wiache' eon eae ay 17595 on oard: China, ani rama sly ° 4A + th >. al At his house in igh street, Merve. arn a ive hisiphiese bee Me bone, in his 71st year, lex ander ees le, in| nate a in st peo tact esg. who, by his abilities, and tt he ‘in sec tl ee: the Win labour of half a century, Hee eatee ney an board the er vessel, well-earned reputation of ur ndisp pres jore he secret ot rder: emimence,in the important stiemce Pn vu rs ‘not thought paper to'a Cima graphy. This gentleman was born on the the peta uch a@ cargo as Was necessary 4th of July, 1737, at New Hailes, near Edin- countries wh w regu) ar Cor: burgh, the seat of hig fataer, Sir James Pa nitstion, anc ev pie aie could bare of Hailes, His motaer was Lasy Ch _ probably by barté tian, 3 danghter « of the Earl of Hadington, and small ae é put on boi 4 Bey Alexander was the seventh son, out of six- expence of Aor, who e 9 teen children, whom She brough x coftima cae aker, to J egy band... He received his edacation at a cave ng whidiewer p ight ac- of Mr. Dayid Young, o oe crbe bi € three: PAs oe Da he Jefe it t before he was teen, am at tthe age the € lore visite was at the University». hi scholastie attains ‘So ‘age ate A nilla is i where Mr. © _ meatawere gory fimived dis. Judges’ Dzl- Dalryri.p.e Chemitae treaty w as Sulean rymple-died in 1750; und Ge ‘eg Stas Tiled Bontlinacdedandy made a tante who bad. ma:yied his sister, thteagh hig inti. principal i er ac me, be bre htvw, the Kast-lo ageing which pany’: natives ie we sevive at 160 O per cbt profit, and to provide a ¢ wtgo for Shind, which i cogozed cee an ivalent To? fit.there. “Arter am absence 5 hice cad ation ing 3 # d resolved to sé years, Mr. Dalrymple Whe Company's ainiinis proved hiiproceediagsy the stip a i y emp thin hit in expe- oh iby. ie sh t first ine filed choc nim vald tifa proceeded in the Royal Gevrge 9 With part of cargos. ‘and an in-_ reasons, recomme bstituted for i he was ap ed by commission Caps 5 rain of the London. ‘The unfortunate issue of this voyage’ may be asc stance, chnalithd dndi a big London could not find her way ou, and. carriedythe, re va ° China i whence it was | ayathen-in ~ ur possession, and fr ue am where ie. i i, befure 4 the for ccount was settled is ps ‘ fval at Svoloo. Mr. ple fe that small pox { many of the pria- cipal inhabi andealpeved the rést, so. thot very ineffectual sures had been taken) — towards providing the intended cargo: and to this disappointment the death of Bandabars, svon after the former visit of the English, f Contributed perhaps stilt more. ‘These acci- dents, & ~ -¥808.] Actount of 4. Dalrymple, Esq. 17 “dents, however, though they frustrated the The plan was graciously approved, the Ad- hopes of profit built upon this expedition, yes miralty was empowered to appoint 4 proper not prevent Mr. Dalrymple from obtain- person forthe hydrographer, and Earl Spencer grant for the Company of the island of | was pleased to think of Mr. Dalrvimiple. Balambangan, of which he took possession in Having previously obtained the consent of » Jaouary, 1763) on his return to Madras. As ‘the Court of Directors, he’ accepted this Si- , i appeared both to him and his friends, that tuition, which he continued to hold till the & the success of the future intercourse with the 28th of May last, when he was dismis- ustern islands, would»depend onthe Court \sed from thst office; and his death, which Jireetors receivipe full information onthe took place on the 19th of the following subject, Mr. Dalrymple resolved toproceed to month, is attributed by his medical attend- ngland for that purpose. Accordingly, in ants to vexation resulting from that event. tly, #765, he sailed from Mavras, inforder He is said to have left behind him a paper t eed, by direction of the president ané explanatory of the citcumstances which led Se: to/Scolvo and China, where liv was to it; but as these have been the subject of See a ae Europe. ° 7th of Sep- parliamentary notice, we conceive that we © arrived at Sooloo, and during his cannot Close these particulars better than by. stay there obtained a grant for tle’ Comaany the following explanation given in thé House _ of the north end of Borneo and south end of of Commons by Mr, Wellesley Pole, the se- Palawan, with the intermediate islands, Hav- - cretary ofthe Admiralty. He oie that it , i¢ visited Manilla a! ambangan,.he con- was due to the character of the Admiralty 88 els voyage Bi Pie ud thence re- department, to state some particulars gon- 2 turned t0 nglind, where he arrived in July, nected with the dismissal of Mr. Dalrymple’ * * ® a 1765 Youwithstandin the enouragement from his situation of hydrographer to that he had received from the favourable ‘senti- _ board. So far back as the month of Novem- ments expressed by the Company respecting - ber last, an arrangement was ordered by the whis plans, owing fova change in the adminis nobleman at the head of the Admiralty, to ‘gptration of their affairs, he received very lit- sapply the commanding officers of his m- ae i ett) from those persons whum he jesty’s‘ships with charts of the diffetent seas , uad in office.on his return. a this pe- in every part’of the globe. Mr. Dalrymple % riod Mr. ar, = was’ hs ‘constantly was called upon to execute that arrange- "engaged in collectifig-and arranging materials ment; but he declared himself incompetent for a full exposition of the importance of the to its fulfilment, from an ignorance of cer- Eastern Islands aiid South Seas, and was en- tain’seas, and rceommiended that a committee |S d by the Court of Directors to publish of sed officers sHould be convened for the | -Warious maps and charts. In 1769, the sum purpose. Upon this an investigation took “BAS ck I. vane Him by that court for place into the system pursued in the hydro- © att Ast services, being an equivalent for'the grapher’s office, when it was found impossible’ smoluments which he had relinquished in’ to wede through the confusion in which it “) 2759, to procééd on the east ovyage.—— was involved, in consequence of the infirmi- iter’ having encountered a any disap- ties of Mr. Dalfymple. It could scarcely be’ i patie the Company thought fit, on otherwise, from the short time at which he. his application, in 1775, to restore Mr! Dai-. attended. Hé never came until threé o'clock, _-Fymple to his standing on the Madras estab- and it was wefl Known that the hydrogra- « jishm s a member of council, and “he wis ‘pher’s office was closed at four. This State ‘ minted to bé one of the committee of of things induced the boatd to insinuate, ia a p Sige pr ae of the council at manner the most grateful to his’ feelings, the. Mad » ho Man, however Wio'eat in his ani- propriety of Mr. Dalrymple’s retirement ; and _ Mosity ‘OF opposition 1 ever impute to he was requested to make his application in, him any want of integrity or zeal tor what the usual form, which it was their determi- he considered the ‘Company's interest; and nation to support with their interest, and to isfaction to find that hi§ con- procure for him a’ suitable allowance. “His ¢ distinguished approbation answer was, that he disdained to make an ap- irectors. In April, 1779, pliecation—and he would not consent to be he ae ted to the post of superannuated, The question consequently ' to the East-India Company; résolved itself into this, whether che pro- and (94784, the Court of Directors a Sm ae afrangemén‘s for the naval setwice me petigen of 5001, er ania for life, should proceed, or Mr. Dalrymple be “re~ consi ion of theif refusal to allow his, moved? The latter pro, sition was addpted, _ Glaims co that rank which hisstanding in the and the ‘necessary Communication was made _ Cotipany’s servite Seem ntitte him.— to Mr: Dalrymple; yet in two days alter an _ Although it had been long ontemplation. order of council was made in his favour, ua~ __ tohave an hydrographical office attached to “solicited by him, to provide with liberality for ~, the Adairalty, this measure wi not carried the retirement of a man, of Whorh he would _ into effect till the year 1795, when @ memo- ever speak with respect, and of Whose talents _ Wal recommending it to his majesty in coun- ard Services he entertained the highest opi+ Gil was prescaced by the lords commissioners. nion.” ~ : « PROVINCIAL 4 y / is ein : a [\, sad Je es, ' (Augods. _ . PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, »~ WITH att HE] MARRIAGES ayp DEATHS; 9 ‘ta Arronged xcogr anaes y Onin the Order of the bi JSrom North to Sont or be a a iM oP Gishaindiienions for. this Department of, the Monthlh “ah faperty am dt Phentiaated: und sent Tree of Postage, are always thank a Those are a ~ more marticntarly acceptable which Hesceity the Progress @ ae (e wee any Kind, ov which contain Bidgraphical ln ee ps ee 0 er remar kable Cliaracters Sige 8 cased, My is * NORTHUMBERLAND AND Die kane Y ps if At) tad Witton ‘Sonor a! At the late meeting of the Tyne Side Agri- — Mal oe cultural Society, held at Ovingham a a fos ave Rev. say premiums were adjudged as follow ;— ra ters 29:9 rate a ay ith. 5 ri Donkin of Sandhoe,.for the ‘best tu school ithe? than one slicar, and for the best sheari At Sunderland, M Woth to be kept in the district during iy “ La a suing season, 5 guineas each... To Mr. Joba At New cay ling, ‘of Styford, for the best pen of fiye pra “Ar ae er, meis, to be kept in the district for the pur= _ At, Shi ase ‘of breeding, 5 guine: as. ye ars “The first meeting of the ek gpa, hai baili Con.pany was held at the Town-hall, Stack- i ton, on Friday, 17sh June, to put Ae. ao Php tion the act - of | parliament. for mekin na- BG eet of he vigable ‘cut through the neck of land near Portrach, when the committee was chosen it Fe ton, Mar daughter of mas. for tarrying the measure into eftect. ‘The Liddle. » ’ Siiproverhehe made to rhe. dee of the Ashe Fleurs; neaehiGotai ham, tangeher, 4 river by thé intended cut, will be of the wile ‘of Mr. Robert Fearg 636, ped greatest advantage to the port vf Stockholm % RE, and néighbourhood, by cutting off a circuitous UMBE Nn aoe WESTMOF and dangerous navigation, by means of w ch At th niversa vile a facility will be given to.the trading vessel ~ subscribers e Whitehaven | Disp which will be felt ‘by all concerned in Be en see the numbe patie trade of that port. ; d to the ben f harit ‘Married.] At Sunderland, Captain Et th 8th of June, 1307, to the 13th’ mund, ot the Unity, to Miss Jane Richard- 1808, is as, f lows : :-Recommende he € son. "ae ay giste 56:5 children inocylated. fe At Barnard Castfe, Timothy eet, esq. cow po 98; trivial incidentsy - of Bury, Suffolk, to Miss C. A. Hanb di + total, 417 fchese have been cured, ieee ter of the late Joseph H. esq. of £as adilsclieved, 285 nto aye rabley. 9; jdied,, Hall, Yorkshire. beh ae si upon ih ie bk The Rev. William Tate, fellow of Trinity ig total num f pati ait College, site: to Miss. Rodham of ted since opening they se i “ é co the» Ss, 1103. %% ? t Gateshead. : 94,604: Inoculated fi BSD, diss Megas Died.] At arid Mis. Stevenson, widow course of the last four of Mr. Thomas .—Mre Abraham Stouts, ~~ Adurried.] At Whi one of tice counc 4.—Mro&ae Crewdson, of Ma drew Metross, 76.—Mr, Ralph) Farthing, Bragg 61.—Mrs. Ann Dunny 86.—Mr. J Thwaires;: rkby Lon ale, 75.—Mrs. Jane- i ij he he Ann. td Miss Sarah Bateman. Pates, 5900) At Ki 1, Me: aha At Neweastle, - ‘Miss Age Fowler, — Dorothy eae Ans, eldesé perry of Mr. William } aid Tottenbampto } M ac surgeon, 9.— ary Graham, 1 alc x ‘. Miss Boger, eh t dausht.r of Captain, int yf At Wigtiins we - 5 bfeph Palas oe the Royal Artillery ==Mrs. Barbara »Witlox. Miss By Hoda AP er, to, Mis. Jobling —Mrs. Taylor, wifewof Mri Miss Storey, cana; fer rs. S, late-of the” Willie, T.—Mr. Take Barras, 76. Queens Head At Bishop Attiaod. Mr- Banks, many Mr. Richard nie eae : years coroner for Stocato n Ward, Durham, 39. - chant, to.Miss. Frances Hardy, daughter of At Coldpike Hill, Mr, John Jackson, 75. Mr. H. of the Cross Keys Inn, Miilthorp. » / At Haydon Bridge, Mrs. Ege wife of Died.J At Kelton Hill, Mr. - Hutton, ; ang John‘E. daughter of Mr. = Gane: H. Mae! Wi Tay * ~ ie oi ionins: near Kends!; Mrs. Biizateth f er, 90. Be we Alston @Mre Robert Seawes cashier for tlie povernor and ne, Tead mines: in y +B land. **. Al Bank: rotridy ma Hawkshead, oan won; esq. -B4. At Egeemont, Me. Robert Brovsh, bchoate | felict of Carlisle, Mr. Pibeyh Pabitien, Gay 9 ; ae near ree a aghy .. Ar Bro ughton ia ‘Feige, Me | srhomas coe yesq. many: years an a of Hill, Millon, Miles Airy, ec custeins at 4 y 5 paaiee Mrs. elwright, wife a. apesiont; nea e; Miss By Hodg-» i ea ston, ae : i es Bi eldest f the a * surgeon of, 128 — John Bro 68. ays fea ual, abby Lan roost, ‘Mr. itledge 71 —Miss M. Ison. — Mr. “feseph Forster. ee Mi- uy oba R BRagivoc, Mr. Graham. tan el Townley, dr fe gist. g Mr. D¢ At Keswick,: ‘in his 73d year, Peter Q the «stablisher and) proprietor of fat’ that place, a prsting and i stiohs, trom p-wior!ds Mr, yin his» native place, ia V7, come tbiaie aftér, his declinit health. render it sneccssary tor it the service of the, East ; eee iiss itehead, of Wescb, :. unip in i pte o4. i ae Wi. J) >-¥OR » late tuce y the following ed. ai As Hie Wiz.rogks, pigeons, ounced “ase. ce ene- ristsy: ani cir extermina- 0) nei ec. bye ft ihjuri murit by devour. ae not thes egbenchits:, esthie insects, A than 2 corn And woul owe he Bo the advan, f the agticultor ‘tospromote the in- “‘credse of bias ig = high, destroy insects, bot do noc des n, viz. lapwings, star- 4 thrushes, =e eer. gentleman of the yWho has deservedly acquired cons.s, trable reputation in the agricultural world, his well.contrived expegimerts as ty the ee br Ba: vv, t ry Yorkshire. H eonyavife of Mr: Agaac HH. - Lg he At Kendal, eo 3 tia, Clarke; of the {si Mrs. veut illiam Hunter, 75 — " at Leeds, * Min - a: Holler 4 ; “19 most effectual -modz'of destreping the erubor “Jarva of the Tipula; or Tummy Long Legs, deteiledithe result of a very curious expefi- “ment which hesliad instituted for the purpose “of ascertaining the namber of these-inseets Which a nest of rooks may probally consume ‘annually, One of-his servants was station- ed a whole day, ) from one’ o'clock: in the »morning to eight at nights in the netghbour- hoodiof the rookery, and kept an accurate ac- court of the number of times which the old “crows during that interval fed/their young ~ontes, The average result of his observations on five nes:s, was, that sthe o'd crows made Seventy journeys per. day 3 dnd it haviag beea an d by ‘shooting one of them, just be. its entry into phe nest, that it thad TR the bag below its beak, 33 eeabe: it follows, that “supposing thet to feed an these insects throught yeur,a-family of rooks would in thatytime destroy 1,145,300 grubs) And supposing, which is a verv moderate calcula- tion, that grub, previous to its Assuming the. winged state, destroys the herbage of ‘ four square inches, this number would con- sume t 1€ herbage of three roods twenty-sé- ven perches. © Hence the ingenious contriver of this admirable experiment inferred the im- mense, advantage which the farmer derives from this species of bird alone, without whose béniznaat service, added tu those'of its con- geners, she toils of the agriculturist would be inyvain. Another member of t':e society produced the crop tei a)pigeondately shot; ia which were- net more than a iew grains 6f Crosthwuite™ Whe at and abesm or two, its principle con- tents being the seeds.of ketlocks, and other noxious weeds. After an interesting discus- sion, the company agreed in the affirmative, on oth: parts ofthe question. Several spe- cimens of, prepared whalebone, which it fs d“to appiy in the man facture of tiddies, aad sheep- nets, were after- ics éxhibited: ; ted. | “At Northallerton, Thos. Leigh- + to ‘MASS 4 Ann Dighton, second di ah ter 4 Mr. D. surg “deci Grace, merchant, igs Lal +f, tourthda .g ater of the Mec. Sa FOF Little Woodhouse. me Batley John a, Butuey, eldest son of Mr. Jolin Bs ar B yee, to Eliza- beth, eldest daughter of John ister, esq." 7 At Y entworth; Mr, Rio C, Young, of Fiullp meen: ini, to Ann, second dauyliter of seph Storr, ésq. of Owstick, in Holderness. At be ogi dln A. Oates, esq. of Picker- ce) - to mei to Miss Blanchard. tk, Mr. ‘Thomas Aarle, attor 1ey, OF Midslehaiah, to Miss Ann Boulton, youngest daughter of Mr. Bsr, Tate, Ape ldtiney of Leeds; to Catherine, second daughter of the Rey. B. ingrara, vicar of) Wovskirk, near Wakefield, and tector of Cranor, Leicester- shi press r At Kildw a MrT. A, Granuer, sO'ivitor, of of Leeds, to Miss Eliza Frances Marsden, of This veteran, who was in che battles of Det- Sutton, daughter of the late Rev. Thomas M. wicar of Kildwick. ; At Aull, Richard Watt, esq. of Rishep Burton, to,.Miss Burn. At Bridlington, the Rev. Benjymin Hob- #005 of Driffield, to Miss Marshall, daughter qi Mr. Stephen .M. merchant «Pid At Sandioft Grove, John Johnson, $q 53. yer Martomley, mear Sheffield, Thomas Ravkin, esq. ae At Hahitix, Mr. Jonas Nicholson, 38i— Mrs. Braoley, a maiden lady. —Mr. Josish Emmet.--Mrs, Harley.—Mr. Belland, wise gf Mr.John B. * At Ellerker, Mrs. Schonswar, roilte ofiRo- bert S. esq. of Hall. At Masham, John Harrison, esq. At Fryargate, near Yerm, Edward Mey- ell, esg.66. — At Coxwold, Mrs. Sheppard, only daugh- d ter of the late Rev. Robert Veirson, arch- geacon of Cleveland. ta At bt William Dossie, esq formerly a surgeonin the royal navy, 86.—Mrs. Cross- and, wite of Mr. C. lieutenant and adjutant _in the York volunteer infantry, 34.—Mr., Emanuel Todd, 64.—Mr. Francis Jackson, Agrmetly # mastor-printer of this city, 67. At Hull, Mrs. Sarah Neale, wite of Mr. Joseph N., and daughter of the late Captain Cyurser.—-Mrs Holland, wife of Mr. Benj. H.—Lieutenant -Wheelhouse, of the second Foyal Lancashire militia, now quartered at this placc.——Mr. Robert Watson, 28. At Beverley, Mrs. Oxtoby, wite of Thos. Q. gent. 68 —Mrs. Sedman, widow of Mr. John S. of pte ate tg she was several years matron at the general infirmary at this piace. At Elland, Benjamin Walker, esq, - late of Bay-hall, Huddersbeld. At Kirkbymoor-side, Miss Hannah Petch, eldest daughter of Mr. john P. attorn At Mirfield, Mr. George France, | Black Bullinn. | At Leathley, near Mer, Mr. Wm. ae urn, 40. At Wakefield, Mrs. M: ‘Routledge, Wife of Mr. R. engineer —Wm. Swainson ny esq. of Hope, year Haiitax, an eminent attorney and solicitor, and major of the. Hali’ax volunieer iufantry.—Mrs. Earnshaw, wite of Mr. Richard E. . At Leeds, Mr. Vickers. —Mrs. Clapha wile of Mr. John C. jun. merchant. aay Mary Halton, 74—Mrs. Wright, widow of Mr. Henry W.—Mr. Thomas Roysten.— Mary, daughter of Mr. David Rimmingtgn, id —Mrs. Burton, widow of Mr, John B, At Sheffield, Mr. Charles Proctor, opti- cian, 70. | At Northowram, John Edwards, esq. At Doncaster, Wm. Spooner, esq. At Surtun, near Hull, George Ryston, an ut-pensioner vt Cheisca Hospital, aged 94. f the Lancashire: having had no less than thirteed wive “sto Miss Ann George.~-Captai tingen and Culloden, was equeMy celebrated asa votary of Mars, Hymen, and B of whom were living at one time, and the principal part of his subsistence for the last seven years was water, with a due proportion of gin. He twice gave up his pension i ‘to be actively serviceable to his king and vei phi LANCASHIRE. By the annual bill of mortality f Livers pool, just rae Ae for the year 1807, it ap- pears that tl upober of births increased 81 above those of the precedin » and the number of funerals lis increased $73. We cannot Zecount for this augment mor- tality, not having hg! of ai ence of any fatal disease, or vf any other extraordinany cause whicfl op “that year, T number of Ate th en exceeds that of che deaths by ti44—an immens crea e.of popula o short a time. . The marriages, however, have decrease 118! which may! be bad an it icious omen ub Boy Oe Marrie .At Cartmel, John bat esq. of k Hall, near Ulverston, to Miss Margaret Lowry, of ‘the. Jatter place, At Rachdule,. Bentley Scholfield, bs. of Mosley, to Miss Mellor, only aughter and heiress of Jolin M.esq. of Brookho ttom. At Liverpool, the Kev. Thode chen vicar of | ake, Cheshire, to ae Shier on. of Frods aughter of the 4 | WG cmneteCapsoiped “4 P*) Broughton eT relict ce a eos Me, oe Mellor. 4 +. “Turnbuil, of the - ship Intrepid, to. —Cuaptain Cox, to Mrs. Norris... ee a n> Mm Pilling, me, Mr. John Ashton. — a Redvale, near Bone Mr. Openshaw, 70. ‘At Edge Hill, ptain J. Oakes, R..N. 74. pears, 50 a ugh he | <¢nin his maj ty” 3 service. AtM pag ing, 85. Mra ech, wid as Me. —Mr. Sain. Bowers.—Mr. Willia trick Connor, fo a and tor san aos the p book keeper in the, N duties of which he diseh Rery as to render satisfe Aion on t9 hisemployers and obtain him “aan o— Mrs. Rawe ae Mr. ra ‘ merly a ina a ta ee ser- ate h a man- Son, relict of Beajyamii esq. 80, At Lancaster, Mr W Sykes, 36.— Mrs. Smith, wife of Mr. Hilton Thomas S— Mr Juha Armstrong) of Old Sir Sunon’s inns —Mr. James Chadwick. ; At Clevely, near Lancaster, Mr. Benjamin Wilkinson, 84. He was father of 40,chile — drea, grandfather to 89, and great grandfather . to #1, making a total of 120. At Liverpool, the Rey. Dayid Bruce, upe Wards of SO years pastor of the insependent — congregation — ey a> 4808.7 omglaboge at Newington chapel, in that n.—At the advanced age of 110 years six months, Mary Ralphson. She was January ist, 1693, old style, at Locha- cotland, and married Ralph Ralphson, | private in the army of, William Duke ‘ of Cumberland. | She followed the same, and was an attendant on her husbund in several rable engagements, both in England and land.’ On the breaking out of the war ‘ in French Flanders, she embarked with the ~ troeps, and shared their toils and vicissitudes. In the battle of Dettingen, being on the field during the heat of the conflict, and surround- ed with heaps of slain, she observed a wound- Fi 2 fall by her-side, she disguised herself in his clothes, mounted his charger, ms het the retreating army, in which feund her husband, with whom she re- " i ed sto England, and accompanied him in le Subsequent campaigns with Duke William. s s chiefly subsisted Of late years, by the assistance of some benevolent ladies of Liver- pool, have contributed every. thing in _ their power to her comfort and accommoda- on. —Peter Leicester, esq. a gentleman of he most disinterested benevolence, and one fthe must active supporters of the asylum 4d for the blind —-Mr. “W...Gikbons, merchant, eH —Mr. Edward Kenny, master-pilot, 40. CHESHIRE. Married.) At’Great Budworth, Mr. Wm. j me of ‘Northwich, .to' Miss Mar ( eisitage a J yhester, Mr. Samuel Rig) y, of Run- ve Michell of Norton Priory. ; sham, Mr ‘f homas Clarke, of Ne- , to” Miss Coiterall. d.] At-Pernal Hall, near Wilmslow, les Scyart, 73 tA trincham, Mrs. Babington, 83. t Chester, Mrs. Egerton Leigh, relict of e Rev. Archdeacon L. —Mr. James Parry, n, 22. Though so young, he had beea of five years Wholly devoted to the the new connection of Metho- ime his attainments most unparalleled. His 2 jad; ent, setie ‘memory, inde- it of useful knowled; ge, libe- : mplary conducty and pulpit made him»re- and beloved by all who “ % , “ SA. wife of Robert Burton, aida a. > nm the Renato { aica, "Charles, kate be ; in of Captain’ = Leet, of Chester, a Youth of promising abilities, 15. _ At Macclesfield, John Ryle, esq. 66. Every pperty that constitutes a good, useful, and ttueus, character was centered inthis man, d he acquired a large fortune with a charac- te cr that calumpy itself could not stain, - DERBYSHIRE. | Married At Alvaston, the Rey. William ONTHEY Mac., No. 174. Cheshire—Derby—Noittingham—Lincoln. BL Cantrell, of King’s Newton, to Miss Smith, daughter of the Rev. Jus. S. At Derby, Mr. Eld, of Scropton, to Miss Sarah Brewer. At Chesterfield, Mr. John Cartledge, jun, surgeon, to Miss Harveys of Birmingham. Died. | At Chesterfield, Mr. John Frith, 62. AtCubiey, Mrs. Elizabeth Wilson, 101. At Matiock, Edward Hartopp Wizley, esq. of Little Dalby, Leicestershire. At Winster, ‘Mrs. Brittlebank. At Dethick, Mrs. Wathey, wife of Mr. Joha W. ; At Stanton, Mr. Sims, 74. 4 At Belper, Mr W. Barber, 50. At Derby, Mts. Mary Headley, 58. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Married] At Nottingham, [.F. Jackson, esq. of Prescot, Lancashite, to Margaret, second daughter of the Rev. John Braithwaite, of Holland priory, in the same county —Mr,. John Brydone, to Mrs. Blizabeth Foulzham. —The Rey. Mr. Hurt, of Papplewick, to , Miss D. Wright, of Mansfield. At Newark, Mr. Robert Sharpe, to Miss’ Waite. Died.] At Southwell, Miss/Sarah Aldridge, 29. ——Mrs, Leyburn, 83. At Bottesford, Mrs. Dikes, 80. : At Mansfield, Mr. Wm. Leverton, eon At Stapleford, aged 90, John Jackson, gent. late lord of the manor, and whose an- cestors have been inhabitants of that village nearly 400 years. He was a descendant of the ancient family of Sir John Broadbent, ‘formerly of Newstead Priory. ag 44 Nottiggham, Mr. Bowley.—-Mrs. Walker. At Broughton Sulney, Dr. Kingston. He was killed by a fall from his horse. At Néw Sneintoh, Mr. Bryan Northages Wo. 9 ‘At Newstk, ‘Mrs. Sheppard, sister to Mrs, , Paschond, of the Rutland Arms inn. =; 4 ‘LINCOLNSHIRE. The enclosure of Wildmore Fen, below Boston, will bring into immediate cultivation 40,000 acres of inundated, and, consequently, of hitherto unprofitable Jand. It is so rich, that considerable: pai rt of it is now selling at 501. per acre, and he rest is ef equal va- lue. The aggregate amount, therefore, is 2,000,0001, » ¢ expenditure of inclosing, draining, &c. has cost 400,000}. ; so thatthe » net profit to the owners of this great work is ao 9001. sterling. 4 Married] At Louth, Mr. John Henry “Wane, secoud son of the late Morgan V. esq. of Bilby, Nottingham, to Miss Eliza Nichol- ‘son, daughter of Richard N. esq. of Brigg. At Crowle, the Rev. Richard Venavles, B. D. fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, to Sophia, youngest daughter of the late Ceorge Lister, esq: of Grisby-house, in this county. At Brigg, Mr. John Henry Vand, attorney, to Miss Elizabeth Nicholson. At ee Captain James Pickers bibs ——— ‘i gill. of the Thomas and Sarah sloop, to Miss Robinson. Died.) At Great Grimsby, Mr. Smith, wile of George S. esq. 57. _ At Gainsborough, Mrs. Ann Law, -98, re- Vict of Mr. Daniel L. who died at the age of 101.—Luke Martin, esq.—Mrs. Ann Hard- castle, wife of Mr. Matthew H. 72. At Louth, Mrs. Falchett, 78.—Mr. E. Wailesby, 60. , At Lincoln, Mr. Smith, 32. At Holbeach, Thomas Everton, esq: At Tupholme, Mrs. Mary Pell, a maiden lady, 62. At Clecthorpe, Mrs. Chapman, 62. At Waddington, Mr. Stephen Harrison, 84. LEICESTERSHIRE, Exclusive of the numerous premiums for cattle offered by the Leicestershire and Rut- landshire Agricultural Society, for the pre- sent year, the following are proposed :—To the person who shall produce the best esti- mate of the comparative advantage between the use of oxen and horses in’ husbandry- work, 25 guineas. ‘Io the person who shall make the best comparative experiment be- tween the effects of fresb dung and retten dang, arising from the same,species of ant- maland forage, upon grass land, within one yeur, the extent not being less than oneacre for each kind of dung, 10 guineas. To the person who ghall, at the annual meeting of 1808, report ‘the most satisfactory informa- tion, as deduced from actual experim ents, of the soils and situations best adapted for or- chards, and of the means us@l in their plan- tation and subsequent management, 10 gui- neis. To the person who, shall make the best experiment and shortest report on the practical effects of lime upon the various sorts of lund, 20 guineas. To the person who shall state the best manner of forming com- post dunghilis, mentioning their materials, quantity, and place, 5 guineas. For the best Gonducted experiment ascertaining the rela- tive advantages to be derived from soiling or grazing cattle in the usual way, 10 guineas. —The same experiment for sheep, 10 gui- seas.— To the person who shall have cleared not less than 5 acres of land from ant-hills, within one year, in the best and most effec- tual manner, the expence being stated to the committee, and it being understood that no prémium will pe allowed without proof of the efficacy of the measure for three years, 20 guiness. Married] At Lutterworth, George Wart- maby, esq. of Market Harborough, ‘to Ann Maria, fourth daughter of the late Richard Arnold, esq. At Sharntord, Mr. Pinchback, of Hinckley, .to Miss Scotton. Mr. Wm. Webster, of Swinford, to Miss Berridge, of North Kilworth. Died.] At Laughton, Anna = wife of _ the Rey. Charles Humfrey. 7 “—_—? _— all ~ —— 82 Leicestershire—Stafordshire—Warwickshire. m [Aug, ‘t; . At Leicester, Samuel Taylor, gemt. for- merly a grocer, in whicn line he had accu- mulated a great property.——-Susannah King Copson, daughter of Mr. Thomas C.—Mrs. A. Watson, furmerly an eminent milliner of this town, 73. At Stoke Golding, the Rev. R. Jervis. At Gumbley, Mrs. Bingley, relict of Dr. B. and daughter of the Rev. Samuel Pendock, formerly rector of that place. At Cosby, Robert Thirlwall, gent. AE Houghton, the Rev. Richard Coulton, rector of that place. He was formerly of Emanuel College, Cambridge, B.A. 1765, M. A. 1769. y STAFFORDSHIRE. Married. At Sedgley, Mr. J. Green, jun. to Miss Lydia Ann Brain, daughter of Mrs B. of Nortwikhill, Worcestershite. At Handsworth, Mr. James Spittle, to Miss Maria Molesworth. AtTamworth, John Burman, esq. of Light Hall, to Miss Mary Heath, of the Box Trees, both in this county. hey At Hanbary, the Rev. Thomas Cotterill, minister of Lane End, to Miss Robotham, At Uttoxeter, Mr. Thomas Figea e toa Miss Willcock. Died.| At Mayfield, Mrs. Robert Wright. At Stramshatl Cotton Mill, Mrs: Flint. At Uttexeter, Mr. Joseph Summerland, w ARWICKSHIRE, Married.) At Rugby, George Harris, esq. to Christabell, only daughter of rh Chambers. At Yantly, Mr. George Milnery, othe Royal Artillery, to Mrs. Mary So ale of ade Birmingham. ot At Coventry, Mr. Richard Borlerry, € to Miss Munslow.—Mr, D. Shakspeare, a de- ~ scendant of eur immortal bard, to Miss Ana Brodneck. » Died.] At. Birmingham, Miss Louisa iMtatis Spurriery, eldest daughter of Mr. William S. attorney, 14.—MrseNeville-Mr, Thomas Southall<-Mr. Charles Primer O—Mr. i. Clarke.—Mr. John for: 77% At Kenilwerth, Mr. J. Littleton, sen. Tr. In the carly part of fils lafe he established and brought to perfection, the most extensive ~ comb manufactory in England; and although — he had not the advantage of a scholastic edu-_ cation, yet by intense studyshe arrived at the highest degree of knowledge in different” branches of science, pecially mathematics. At Sherbourn, Mrs. Ana Webb, wife of { the Rev. Mr. W. 34. © |) At Warwick, Mrs. Woolley, 63: Mr : Wm. Wright. ‘ At Ashted, Mr. Richard Hawksford, 56. © At Bordesley Turnpike, near Birmingham, j Mr. Lovett. At Edgbaston, Miss Mary Lee, second © daughter of Mr. L. attorney ot Birmingham, © 1€. ae envoy. Nip He, ial . 4 ’ y ; At Coventry, Mr. Stephen Pollard.—Mr. _ Abraham Hopkins, 85. __ At Balsall, Mr. Cattell, wife of Mr. Wm. * At Oldbury, Mrs. Wright. At Rugby, Mrs. D. Smith, relict of the Rev. Thomas S. rector of Clay-Coton, Northamptonshire, 64. At Leamington, Mr. Dale, senior. % SHROPSHIRE. Married] At Shrewsbury, Lieutenant Pritchard, of the Shrepshire Militia, to Miss Anne Bayley, second daughter of the late Mr. B. of Bessford. —John Heathcote, esq. to \ Miss Tudor. . F At Oswestry, John Purser, esq. of Dublin, to Miss Smith. Died.] At Plealey, Mrs. Waring, relict of Dr. W. Lucasian, professor of matiiematics in the Universicy of Cambridge. * - At Pitchford-hall, Mr. Richard Williams, 89. At Shrewsbury, Mr. Moses Crabtree, Mt. Richard Scoltock. At Weilington, Wiiliam Sockett, gent. _ 7 At Claremont-bill, Mrs. Rogers. At the Vesson’s Farm, Mr. Gittins. » _ At Hasbury, pear Hales Owen, Miss Ann Cameron, 18. | At the Shadow Moor, near Stapleton, Mr. Thomas Willing, 31. At Whitchurch, Mrs. Brown, 80. ) ee" eWorcEsTERSHIR EY Married.) At Worcester, Mr. George Os- ob of Cork, Ireland, to Miss Frances Os- i n,éldest daughter of the Rev. George G., ister of Angei-street meeting. ; At Kidderminster, Mr. Harris, to Miss wr he. f tt _. | At Knighton-upon-Team, Mr. Wm. Wa- e dams, of Grafton, Warwickshire, to Miss Elizabeth Good. a eee Died.| At Coney Green, near Worcester, in Simmonds, esq. He went in apparent good health to his bed chamber to change his €s down im achairj"and instantly ; E, >: 5 " = cx + > © At Worcester, Miss Charlotte Jenkins. — _ Mr. A. Green. o> ay ongdon, Mrs. Eckley, sister to the bist Dr. Roberts, of Broadwas, 73. _ At Fladbury, Mr. Quarrell, 55. _ At Dudley, Miss Mary Worge Smith, only patie of the late Samuel S. esq. of Wa- terford, r HEREFORDSHIRE, fordshire Agricultural Society at Leominster, _ the premiums were awarded as follow :—For the best yearling bull, to Mr. Trench, of - Bromfield ; best 3 year old‘ditto, to Mr. Jef- _ fries, of the Sheriffs 5 best aged ditto, unde- cided ; best yearling heifer, to Mr. Gallier, of King’s Pyon ; for the best three years old _ @itto, lots were drawn by Mr. Jeffries and Ms, Gallier, aad was won by the latter j the | -1808.] | Shropshire—Worcester—Hereford—Gloucester. At the late annual meeting of the Here-- 83 competition ran so high between these two animals, that the judges were unable to de- cide which was best. For the best milch cow, to Hugh Price, esq. of Foxley; best fine-wooled rafn, Mr. Kedward, of West Hide ; best boar, Mr. Walker, of Burton- court. The animals shewn were not nume- rous, but far superior to any exhibited at Leominster on a like occasion. Married.| At Hereford, Mr. James Hel- lings, to Mrs. Jones, of the Black Swan. At Kingsland, Richard Heming, jun. esq. of Sivington, Worcestershire, to Miss Wank- lin. ; Died.| A&t Hereford, Mrs. Brace.—Mrs. Garratt.—Mr. Pearce, organist of St. Peter’s church.—The infant daughter of Major Wat- ling. ; ; At Eye, Lieutenant Archibald, of the 8th garrison battalion, 27. ; At Ross, Mr. Charles Trusted, 70. Ac Moakiand, Mr. John Proudman, 99. At Horn Lacey, Mr James Scudamore, 84, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. It must prove satisfactory to the public to be informed, that 11,000 acres of waste land are planted with oak forhis miajesty’s use in the forest of Dean, in this county. and 6,000 acres in New Forest: the whole to be under the management of commissieners. These plantations are to be strictly inciosed from the browse of deer and cattle. ; Married.| At Painswick, Mr. Wells, of London, to Miss S. Cooke, second daughter of Mrs. C. of Birches House, near Stroud. Died] At Upper Guiting, the youngest daughter of George Talbot, esq. at Highnam Court, near Gloucester, Lady Guise, relict of Sir John G. bart. Her lady- ship was in her 64th year, and for a conside- rable period had ‘struggled under a pain‘ul decline ; but the certain assurance of its fatal termination served only to exemplify more strungly that resignation and fortitude, which the consoling recollection of a wel!-spent life canalone inspire. The private excellencies ‘ of this amiable lady, were best understood, and most sensibly felt, by the domestic circle, of whose union and hoppiness they formed the centre ; but her well directedand exten- sive charity claims a more distinguished no- tice, and its memorial is deeply impressed wherever indigence or distress attorded oppore ' tunity for the experience of its beneficial efforts. At Gloucester, Miss Doughton.—-Mr, Hickman.—Mrs. Walker. At Dutsley, Mrs. Elizabeth Gregory. Aa Frampton‘upon Severn, Mr. John Wicks, 50. af . At Coln St. Aldwins, Mrs. Reynolds. At Cranfield Lodge, the seat of the earl of Bekeley, John Heathfield Hickes, M. D, ° of Peddington. At Winchcomb, Mr. Thomas Baldwin, 74. At the Lodge-house, near lroa Acton, Samuel King, esq. 81, ; At val 8&4 At Broadoak, James Lander, esq. formerly - an eminent surgeon at Newnham, 66. At Stow on the Wold, Mr. Thomas Dib- ble, 76. OXFORDSHIRE: Married.] At Bicestér, Fountain Erwin, esq. of Antigua, to Miss Wilson. At Oxford, Mr. Wilson, to Miss Jane Brock. i At Bampton, Mr. Elsworth, of Maiden- head, to Miss Shingleton, daughter of John S., esq. "Died.] At Bicester, Miss Mary Busby, se~ cond daughter of Mr. George B., 22 At Wolvercot, Mrs. Winter, 80. At Cromarsh, Mrs. Powel. At Oxford, Mrs. Mary Davis, many years mistress of the Sun inn, 71.—Mrs. Rose, re- lict of Mr. James R., 83.——Mrs. Morris. — Mrs. Elizabeth Jones. —Mrs. Brumhead, wife of Mr. James B., collector of excise for this city, 44.——-Mr. Edm. Barker,—Mrs Smith. —Mr. Thomas Grub, 36—The Rev. Mr. Owen, one of the chaplains of Christ church, and eldest son of Mr. Wm. O., of Llanrwost, Denbighshire, 26. He put an end to his life by shooting himself with a pistol. It appears that the day before his death he went to a shop to purchase acase of pistols, but appear- ed so agitated, that the muster of the shop refused to sell him them. On this he went to some other place where he borrowed the fatal instrument, under the pretext that he wanted it for the purpose of shooting at a mark. He was engaged as tutor toa young nobleman, and had ordered a chaise to be ready at tle door the same morning to take him to town. He was of a most excellent character, and not the least embarrassed in -his circumstances. nier’s inquest was—Lunacy. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Died.] At Taplow, Mrs. C. Auriol. At High Wycomb, Mrs Carter, wife of Mr. John C. jun.—Mrs. Dewes, of Penton- ville. h At Chenies, Mrs. Jones, widow of the Rev. Mr. J. of flammersmith, 61. At Solbury, the Rev. Edmund Wodley, a justice of the peace for the counties of Buck- ingham and Bedford. At Penn, the Rev. Mr. Middleton, vicar of that piace. HERTFORDSHIRE. The late meeting cf the Hertfordshire Agricultural Society at Cold Harbour Farm, belonging to the earl of Bridgewater, their president, was numerously attended. After viewing the stock exhibited onthe ground, and paying due attention to the ploughs contending for the prizes, the cont pany adjourned to dinner at the King’s Arms, Berkbamstead. Alter the usual toasts, Mr. Flower of Hertford, gave: Mary Bowdell; aged 60, living in Hertfordshire. The rea- son for introducing such a person to their no- tice was, that she had spun 1b, of Merino Oxford—Buckingham—Hertford—Bedford. (Aug. 1, ‘at Woburn. ‘The verdict of the coro-. wool into yarn, so fine, that it was consider= ed by those who were competent judges to excel any ever attempted ; that it measured in length 29 miles 200 yards. He assured the company he was informed, he might challenge all Europe to produce so rare aspe- cimen of skill and industry as that now pro- duced, which was sent for their inspection hy Mr. E. K. Fordham, of Royston. This toast excited mirth and applause, and the yarn was admired for the beauty and silky softness of its texture. The prizes were adjudged to the Earl of Bridgwater for the best plough, which being the invention of Mr, Plenty,.of Hamp- shire, the earl begged him toaccept the prize value 10 guineas, as he considered more merit due to him as the inventor ; the best and second best ploughmi: received a prize of 3 and @ guineas each; Mr. Richard. Flower, Hertford, for the best one-year old ram, of the mixed Merino breed, a cup, value 5 guineas ; to the same for the two best ewes, of the same breed, a cup, value} guineas ; to Joseph Halsey, esq. 3 guineas for the best boar ; tothe best sheep shearer, 3 guineas ; the second best, 2 guineas; andthe third, £ guinea. Married.| At Vlamstead, Mr. Michael Rowed, of Mitcham, Surry, more, only daughter of Georg End. Died.| At ,Market-street, the Rev. G. Smith, rector of Pattesham, and curate of Market-strect, 70. rae Ss i REDFORDSHIRE. r On Monday June 15, commenced the an- nual slicep-shearing of the Duke of Bedford, About eleven o’clock, a nume-= rons company of distinguished agriculturists and gentlemen ,farmers assembled at the Patk-Farm. .Dhe morning was ¢mployed in viewing the South Down and Leicester sheep, the property of his Grace the Duke of Bed- ford, which were to be sold in the evening. At three o’clock the company. repaired to the Abbey, to partake of an elegant dinner, after which the company returned to the Park-Farm, where 13 lots of stock were sold.—» A great number of agricultural implements were exhibited in the rick-yard at the Park- Farm.—-On Tuesday, at eleven o'clock, a_ very numerous company of Agriculturists proceeded to Crawley Heath Farm, to be present at a ploughing match, for asilyer cup, value five guineas, to be given by the Duke of Bedford to the proprietor of the successful plough, and two guineasto the plough-holder. At twelve o'clock five ploughs started, and the ploughing was ended about two. The company then returned to the Park: Farm, and attended at the judge’s examination of the prize Theaves, and Tong and short-wooled sheep. This business employed them until three o'clock, when they repaired to the Ab- bey to dinner, After the cloth was drawn, and the toasts were drunk, Lord-Somerville rose, and presented to the Duke a large silver © walvery” -€sq. of Row to Miss Birch- : TEN Ae Te, oe ‘ A AL 01 al ls yee vr : 4 1908.) 5 m, salver, from the Agriculturists of Great bi itain. This elegant piece of plate weighed 4 about 400 ounces, and was about 18 inches by two feet in size, its border was decorated % wich embossed figures, emblematical of agri- culture, In the centre was the Bediordarms, superbly engraved, with this inscription aa te his Grace John, Duke of Bedford, trom a. veh Agriculturists of Great Britain, Anno ini 1807.". On Wednesday morning company was engaged in viewing the dead prize Sheep, South Down Sheep, Sus- sex and Devon cattle; in Sheep shearing par- ties, and in viewing the Speedwell and Park- Farm crops 5 in the examinatioa of threshing _. mills, and various other implements of lius- ‘bandry exhibited for the prizes; and in the _ > sale of South Down ewes and theaves, some 4 pens of both sorts reaching 3/, 15s. a head.—= i, Te np About three o’clock, the company were again regaled with a plentiful dinner in the great hall.—After the customary toasts, the Duke _ called the attention 6f the company to the adjudication of the prize cups, &c. remarking, that from t e ill state of his health, his _ prefatory observations would'be very short. _ His Grace then distributed the several prizes _ asthey were classed. There were tem prize- _/ ups, and various premiums in money. The > premium of 30 guineas for the best account of ‘comparative’ trials between broad cast and drill husbandry was adjudged to be postponed “after the harvest. For the premium of 0 guineas, for irrigating the largest quanti- be yor land in Bediordshire, there was no pro- a claimant. The judges of the premium tered for the best newly-invented imple- _ Ment, stated that none had been produced “where mefit was so conspicuous.as to deserve 4 the distinction a premium would confer; but : " fo, encourage ingenuity, they recommended ae division of twenty guineas among those who Z exhibited implements, which suggestion q adopted. At six o'clock, the company _ rode down to the Tupshouse, whiere the South wn Rams were let by lottery. Sir W. e drew thé favourite, against 24 WY coos, — ice of 40 guineas for Ss gbe toto. Lastly, there was a sale of De- , fon and Hereford cows, which fetched high prices. And thus closed, for 1808, an in- aa iples of public Ns ~ | NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. © Married.) At Northampton, Mr. William _ James Ingram, to Miss Sharpe.—Mr, Benja- min Stevenson, to Miss Ann Wilkinson, a Disd.] At Corby, Mrs, Susannah Rowlatt, bas __ At Earl's Barton, G. Kemshead, gent. At Northampton, Mr. Thomas Bradbury, pf Addington, near Buckingham, 33. At Ecton, Mrs, Constantia Orlebar, young- t daughter of John O. esq. late of Kinwick- , Beds, - TERK. _ At Wadenhoe, Mr, W. C, Comfeld, ates : WNorehatn alitaene€ mbes — orfolk. itution founded upon the most rational . 85 At Blakesley, Mr. Edmund Kirby. At Irchester, Mr. Green Gascoyne, 21. ’ At Daventry, Mr. Joho Watertield, son of Mr. W. surgeon, 21. At Buughton, Mrs. Frost, CAMERIDGESHIRE,. The late bishop of Worcester, many years fellow of Emmanuel College, has bequeathed to that society the sum of 2,000] stock 4 per cent. conso’s; the one half for the aug- mentation of the mastership, and the other half to augment the stipends to the four se- nior fellows. Two of the members’ prizes, of 15 guineas each, are this year adjudged to Messrs. John Carr and George Furgess, both of Trinity College, middle bachelors, for their disserta- tions:on the fellowing subject :—-** Quanquam Histrionis Artem miremur, quzrendum tamea utrum Meres Hominum emendet magis, aa corrumpat Sczena ?” Married.| At Bly, Mr. William Martiay of Wilburton, to Miss Raynor. At Cambridge, Lieutenant Newton, of the 10th foot, to Miss Dench, of Springfield, Essex. Uh Died.] At Wisbech, Mrs Girdlestone, wife of S, G. esq. and daughter of the late Samuel Sharpe, esq. of Brancaster, Norfolk.—Mr. Re Kilby, merchant, 78. ‘ At Cambridge, Mr. John Whitechurch, 32. _ —Mrs. Wicks. At Elm, Isle of Ely, Mr. John Dow, 59. At Liverington, Mrs. Swaine, relict of Spelman S., esq." 66. ; At Beaupré Hall, Mis. Townley, wife of the Rev. Mr. T. rector of Upwell. Mrs. Morgan, wife of the Rev. Dr. M. ‘rector of Stretham, and prebendary of Ely. WORFOLK. A correspondent of the Norfolk Chronicle offers the following preservative against the insects termed by farmerss green-lice, by which the crops of peas have forseveral years been greatly injured in this county :—Vake a chaldron of fresh burnt lime, univad it in the field where itis to be used, make a floor and spread alternately a layer of lime anda layer of moist sand, or fine earth; when the lime is expended, round up the whole in a heap, and in about sixteen hours it willbe fit toturn over; and if the whole of the lime is found to be slaked, and in a fine powdered state, it is then proper for immediate use, The dressing of the crop is performed by two ‘men,a boy,acart and horse; when the gart is loaded, it is moved slowly in the furrows always against the wind), whilst the two men, with corn shovels, cast the lime right and left, much in the same manner as they cast corn, observing to tale a small quantity in, the shovel at a time. This operation should only be performed garly in the morn- ing upon-a heavy dew, or after a gentle shower of rain, taking care to powder or dust all —~ 86 all the plants slightly over : when it will be found that the caustic quality of the lime will have destroyed tdi insects, without the small- estinjury to the crop, onthe contrary, it will very much improve it.--A chaldron of lime, the writer conceives, would cover several acres. The same application is equally de- structive tothe slug and small white snail on the young clovers, é&c. in the spring, and in- finitely more efficacious than Mr. Vaga’s sys tem of night rolling. A surprising proof of the degree of perfec- tion to which the staple manufacture of this country is brought, was lately afforded at Lei. cester. A gentleman, travelling for a house at Nerwich, exhibited a pair of worsted stockings, of a texture so remarkably fine, that the pair together has been drawn through a wedding ring of an ordinary size. The idea of the singular delicacy of the manufacture will be assisted by the information that an order was given by a respectable whelesale house in Leicester, fora dozen pair, at the price of guinea and a half a pair! Between twelve and one o'clock in the morning of Sunday, the SOth of May, a fire broke out in the right wing of Blickling hall, the seut of the Hon. W. A. Harbord, lieute- nant of this county. It is supposed that it originated from the heating some charcoal which was there deposited. ‘The armory, together with the arms of the Blickliag rife- , stroyed 5 fortunately the powder in store had been recently removed to an-adjacent build- ing. By the assistance of the inhabitants of Aylsham, who immediately repaired to the spot, the damage was confined to the right wing ofthe house. The loss is supposed to amount to near 50001. Married.| Bt Kilverstone, the Rev. James Stuart Mackenzie, rector of Bracon Ash and Quidenham, and perpetual curate of Thet- tord, St. Mary, to Miss Wright, eldest daugh- ter of the late Rev. John W. of Kilverston- Rall. At Yarmouth, Lieutenant Smithers, of his majesty’s brig Bruiser, to Miss Saacroft of Yarmouth, Died.} At Costessy, Mrs. Money, 58. At Beeston, Mr. T. Gooderson, many years schoolmaster there, 49. At West Harling, Margaret, wife of Mr. Alexander Nicholson, 56. At Lopham, Mrs. Smith, wite of the Rev. - Mr. S. 82. At Harleston, Mr. Robert Freshfield. At Cranmer House, the Rev. Matthew ones, rector of Sculthorpe. At Qld Buckenham, Mrs. Peck, wife’ of Mr. James P. of the White Horse. At East Dereham, Mr. W. Burcham, 50. At Ludham; Mrs. Catherine Cuiley, wife of Mr. Samuei C. and daughter of the lase Rev. Thomas Flatke, of Thornage. At Honingham, Mr. James Hipkin, 37. At Wymondham, -Mrs. Ebdorn, 83. See ree: “men, upwards of 400 stands were entirely de-* “At Costessey Hall, aged 65, Mrs. Claxton, housekeeper to Sir Ww. Jeraingham, jn whose family she had lived upwards of fifty years. At Burnham Market, Mr. Robert Over- man, a celebrated agriculturist, 55. At Hedenham, Charles Garneys, esq. who served the office of high sheriff oF this county, | in 1777, aged 85. At Attleborough, Mr. Nathanlel Plump- ton, 68. SUFFOLK, ™ Married ] At Ipswich, Mr. Joseph Free- man, to Miss Clarke, daughter of Mr. Peter Cc; At Bury, Mr. J. signi to Miss Thomp- son. Mr. Mallatt, of Low cate to Mrs. Austin, of rhage Died.] At Hoxne, Mr. Lemon, 50. At Rowsham-hall, Mrs. Kedington, wife of R. K. esq At Seradbribl; Mr. John Seaman, surgeon, At Reedham, Miss M. Tydeman, daugh- ter of Mr. T. of the post-office. —Mr. Je Whistle, sen. At Benacre, Mr. Simon Borrett, 73. _ At Woodbridge, Mrs. “Barton, wife of B, B, and'daughter of 8. Jessup, esq. At Bury, Mrs. Burroughs, wife of Mr. B, of the Magpie inn. At Great Barton, Mrs. Garwood. At Upper Rickingiall, Mrs. Cook. At Eimswell, Mr/ Isaac Jackson, 64. At Rushbrooke, Mrs. Denton, wife of Mr. William D. and daughter of the late John Cay, gent. of Botesdale. Act Mendham, Mr. Thomas Sharman, 60. At Worlingwotth, Mr. J. Cordy, 74. At Barham, Mrs. Neve, 27 years govern ess of the house of industry there, 66. At Norton, Mrs, Elizabeth Grimwade, 59. The Rev. George Ashby, rector of Barrow and Stansfield, 84. He has left his valuable library and museum to St. John’s College, Cambridge, afd the greater part of his pro- perty te a young man “who lived with him ag an amanuensis. " ESSEX. Morried.] At Chigwell, the Rev. W. F.° Spurdons, of North Walsham, Nerfolk, to Miss Gillman, eldest daughter of Daniel G. esq. of Whitehall, Chigweil-row. At Great Dunnwon Nicholas Toke esqe to Sarah, only daughter and heiress of the late John Rayner, esq. Ve At Chelmsford, Mr. Charles Sloman, of Yarmouch, to Miss Elizabeth Malcroft, third- daughter of Mr. M. At Colchester, Mr. Nicholson, of Norwich, to Miss Catherine Silke, youngest daugheer™ ‘of the late Rev. Angel S. rector of Ashendon, At Hockley, Mr. Hilliard, master of the boarding -school, at Writtle, to Miss Hook. Died.] At Kelveden, Thomas Broad- bank, esq. late of Tasburgh. At Hadstock, Mr, John Carr, eldest son of the Rey. John c At [Aug 1, i \ * 1808:] At Upton, John Birkbecle, esq. banker of Lynn, 60. ; “At Boyston Hall, Roxwell, Mr. John Clevely, youngest son of the late George C. esq. 22. iY : ‘At Billericay, Major Joseph Fell, of the ‘third garrison battalion. His death was oc- _ casioned by the injury he received from a fall | | onship board, when going with part of his re- giment to Ireland, in November, 1806. . At Hadleigh Hall, Mr. Thomas Harridge, "eldest son of Thomas H. esq. of Rayleigh, 54. KENT. At the anniversary of the Kent Society for the encouragement of Agriculture and -In- ' dustry, holden at Canterbury on the 10th of June, the following premiums were adjudged: to James Ferry, waggoner to Mr. John Pan- ton, of Milton, next Sittingbourn, twenty- seven years, two gnineas.—To Alexander _. Foad, servant to Mr, Stephen Sayer, of Re- _ culver, seventeen years, two gaineas.—Single. ~ “To John Curling, servant to the late Mr. _ M. Wood and his widow, of Tilmanstone, sixteen years, two guineas —To Hannah Brown, dairymaid to Mrs. Hoile, of Fingles- ham, twelve years, two guineis-——To Mary Austin, servant to Mr. John Adams, of Wye, _ eleven years, two guineas.—To John Kemp, . Jabourer to Mr. B. Taylor, of Langdon- - sourt, forty-eight years, two guineas.—To John Higgins, labourer to Mr, B. H. Leese, be ef Norton, forty-two years, two guineas.—-To + John Danton, sen. labourer to Mr. John _ Bushell, of Nonington, forty-one years, two guineas.—-To William Petman, of Wooines- | borouzh, for having brought up ten of fifteen children to the age of six years, with trifling ~ relief, two guineas. —To George Bennefield, of Patrixhourn, for ten of eleven children, no relief, two.guineas.—-Lo John Pittock, of Mongeham, for eight of twelve children born, with ten shillings relief only, two guineas. —To Ann May, of Fordwick, for _ seven of nine childrén,born, two guineas.——To ' “Thomas Dunk, of Cobham, for eighty-three living stocks of bees, two guineas.—To Mr. | Roalfe, of Canterbury, for his best cart stal- Kion, five guineas.——-To Mr. Francis, of Can- _ terbury, for the best two yearling cart colt or \ filly, five guinezs.—To George Finch Hat- _ ton, esq. of Eastwell Park, for the best short _ woolled ram tag, five guineas.—To Ceorge _ Finch’Hatton, esq. of Eastwell Park, for the _ best pen of short woolled ewe tags, five gui- neas.—To Mr. H. Boys, of Betshanger, far the best boar, three guineas.—Io Mr. H. Boys, of Betshanger, for the best sow, two ‘Bulueas, __ At the late Wool-fair and Agricultural _ Meeting, held at Ashford, al] the five prizes _for long-woolled sheep were adjudged to Mr. Wall, of Ashford. For the short-woolled shecp, two prizes were adjudged to Mr. Boys, of Betshanger ; and fora third, no sheep shewn Were deemed worthy. Mr. Martin, of Great ~ Chart, near Ashford, was adjudged the prize 4 Kent—Surry 87 for the best three-year old bull ; and Mr, Jacob Kingsnorth, of Appledore, the prize for the best pair of Kentish heifers. In the wool trade very little business was transacted ; the buyers offered 10d. per pound for Romney- marsh wool, but the growers expected better prices. : Married.] At Brompton, Mr, Pike, lieu- tenant in the royal navy, to Miss Hooper. At Gravesend, Mr. William Pitt, of the White Hart inn, to Miss Hooper, Captain Holt of the. Royal Artillery, to Frances; yourlgest dayghter of F. M. Aus- tin, esq, of Kippington, near Sevenoaks, At Friendsbury, H. B. Gascoigne, esq. late of the royal marines, to Miss Gibbs. At Hartlip, Samuel Clayton, esq. of Ray- leigh, Essex, to Miss Mary Hannah Wyatt. Dicd.| At Hunton, Mr. William Martin, 66. At Broadstairs, Mrs. F. Philpot, wife of Mr. Edward P.—Mrs. Bayley, of the Fort- house. ; At Rochester, Mr. Ross, ship-builder.— Mr. Weeks, assistant surgeonof the Chatham division of marines, and son of Dr. W.—John Sparks, esq. many years an eminent attorney and chamberlain of this city. At Croom’s Hill, Greenwich, Miss Mary Edmeads, only daughter of Captain Wil- liam E. SURRY, Married.} At Wimbledon, Wiliiam Ray ley, esq. of Christ Church, in this county, to Miss Williams, late of Brighton. At Dorking, Mr. Kelleway, to Miss Wor- nell, both of Downton, Wilts. Died.] At Carshalton, Richard Shipley, esq. At Godalming, on her way to Bognoy, Mrs. Deane, wife of Mr. Robert D. of Ca- versham, Oxon, and eldest daughter of the late Thomas Willis, esq. of Kidmore End. . SUSSEX. .f Married.| At Lewes, Mr. John Freeman, _to Mrs. Sawyers.. ' At Kingstone, Mr. James Hodson, son of A. W. Hodson, esq. of Westmeston, to Miss Rogers, daughter of Thomas R. esq. of Kingstone. : At. Brighton, Captain S. Erridge, to Migs Ackerson. ‘ At Salehurst, C. Kingsley, esq. of Surry- place, Kent-road, to Miss.Jane Mainwaring, of Chester. Y Died]. At Ashcombe, near Lewes, Mr. D. Boys, third son of J. Boys, esq.17. At Chichester, Mr. Wright, verger of the cathedral, 73,—-Mr. Joseph Seagrave, printer, 46, Mr. Seagrave was greatly respected for his urbanity of manners and integrity by his fellow-citizens; and he had been tong pa- tronized by Mr. Hayley, the pact, of whom he was deservedly a fayourite.—Mr. William Cobden, 96 —Mr. Charles Habia, and Mrs, Norris, both of London. : A$ Ditcshling, Mr. Lindfeld, At $3 At Woodmaneote;: Mre. Rideout, wife of the Rev. John R. 41, At Stoneham, Mr. H. Wood, 54. At Auckfield, Mrs. Dench, of the ey Head inn. At Newhaven, Mr. J. Carter: Ac Boxgrove, Mr. J. Barber, 87. Ax Steyning, Mr Stovell, 96. At Worthine, Mr. Stevenson. At Eustergate, near Chichester, Mrs. Col- Ns. HAMPSHIRE, The extensive buildings which are carry- ing on in the suburbs of Portsmouth bid fair fn a short time, of becoming a handsome, re- gular, and very populous place. There have been built, and are now building, between the morass and the road that leads into Ports- mouth from London, one Hundred. and four houses, in the short period of one year; and, within another twelvemonth, it is expected that the range of buildings from Southsea Common will be joined to the half-way houses, by the Wiltshire ‘Lamb 3 which’ will then rival, in point of size and extent, either of the towns within the gurrison. Maurried.| At Winchester, Mr. William Gaiger, schoolmaster, to’ Miss B. Hall.— The Rev. Mr. Acton, to Miss Sharpe, of Ba- “singstoke. At Portsmouth, Mr. Samuel Hill, surgeon to Miss Aljlen.—Mr. Napier, purser of ‘his majesty’s ship Pyramus, to Miss Lawson, of Tipner.—-Lieutenant-colonel Godirey, of the East India Company’s service; to Miss Silver, eldest daugtiter of Mr. Alderman S. At Warblington, Mr. Brent, of Portsea, to “Miss R, Smith, youngest daugiiter of the late Mr. George S. miniature painter of Chiches- ter. At Newport, Isle of Wight, Lieuteaant Edward Guest, of the New ‘South Wales corps, to Miss Louisa Wright, daughter-of Hd- ward W- esq. of Guernsey At Chillard, near Winchester, Mr. Collier, of Bishop’s Sutton, to Miss Neville, eldest ‘daughtér of Benjamin N- esq. of Chilland. Died ] At Southampton, Mrs. Marshall.— Mrs. Colson, 75 —Erssmus Carver, esq. late merchant, of Gosport, but who hud retired for ‘many years from business.—-Mrs. Frances Colchester, 78. At Wade Farm, near Havant, Mr. John ‘Knight. At Portsmouth, Mrs, Turncr, 33.—Mrs. Westmore.—Mr. John Palmer, 8i.—Mrs. Gray.—Mr. Howell, master boat-builder -of ‘this dock-yard.—Mrs. Sharp. At Bedhampton, Tudor Griffiths, esq. Many years the first partner in the firntof* the Chichester old bank, and likewise in the Portsmouth and Hampshire bank. At Kingston, near Portsmouth, Mrs. Miall, ‘wie of Mr. James M. At Ringwood, Mrs. Sharpe, wife of Lieu- tenant 'S. of the Durham militia, and daugh- ter of Mr. Henry Quinton, of-that place, ~ ~~ Hampshire—Wilts—Berk se [Aug. 1, Mr. John Rogers, banker of Newport, Isle of Wight. He had set off in a sailing boat, with ‘his eldest son, from ‘Lymington for Yarmouth. “The ‘boat was upset by one of the men climbing to the top of the mast where something was amiss. By this acci- dent Mr. Rogers, sen. was drowned. His son ‘and the two boatmen were rescued by a boat belonging to the Rose cutter, which immedi ately put off to their assistance. ~ At Har'ford Bridge, Miss Dearsley, davgh- ter of William D. esq. WILTSHIRE. The committee of the Kennet and Avon Canal, meta few days since at Great Bedwin, and proceeded from thence to inspect the works under execution, ‘through the tunnel at Byrbage to Devizes. The next morning they walked down Devizes-hill, (about two miles), to inspect the building of the locks, to Foxhanger, where they again embarked,. and were conveyed by Andras’s patket hoat to their wharf near Sidnéy-garden. “The com- mittee were attended by afew of the very lafge proprietors ; and they had all the high- est satisfaction to find the works already finished in a state of great perfection, an& those under execution rapidly approaching to » completion. It is confidently expected, that - in two years the whole of-this stupendous national concern will be accomplished, and thus afford a direct water communication between Bristol, Bath, and the metropolis. - Married.} At Wilton, Isaac Coats, esq. of Dublin, to Miss Hume. Died.) At Netheravon House, Miss Hicks Beach, eldest daughter of Michae! Hicks B. esq. M. P. : At Mere, in his 62d year, ‘the Rev. Harly Grove, rector of Staplehurst, Kent, formerly fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, after a resident discharge of his duties of upwards of twenty years. “He was a descendant of an ancient and respectable family inthis county, and his great grandfather, Colonel Hugh Grove, sealed his loyalty to his rightful sove- reign Charles the Secoad with his blood, en the scaffold at Exeter. — At Wilton, Mrs. Powel. At Salisbury, Mr. Morris, ‘clerk uf the works in the cathedral, 64. . At Marlborough, Mrs. Perrin. _The Rey, Mr. Edwards, master of the free. Sg school there, BERKSHIRE« Married.| At Reacing, Mr. AWidkworth, to Miss Hoiter,’ of Friday-street, London. At Englefield, T. Chittenden, .e:q. of Lon. i don, to Margaret, youngest daughter of the Rey. ‘Thomas Knapp. At Wallingford, Mr. Palmer, baptist mi- nister of Shrew sbury, to Miss Tovey.- Died.] “At Reading, Mr. Slingsby. —Miss M. Clark. i At Windsor, Mrs, Gurley, of the Star and r . wi “At ’ Garttr*inms 1808.] At Wallingford, Mrs. Wells, 75. _ At Newbury, Miss Arrowsmith, daughter of Mr. A. organist. At Hungerford, Mr. C. Coxhead, 23. At Kingston inn, Mr. Thomas Bamford, “jun, 28. At Finchamstead, Mrs. Cave. At Sulhamstead, the Rev. Mr. Wilson, sector of that place. ° SOMERSETSHIRE. Married.) At Bristol, Robert Andrew - Riddeli, esq. of London, to Miss, Miles, daugh- ter of the late William M. esq. merchant, and alderman of the former city.—-Mr. Geo. Cox, solicitor. to Mrs. Neate; widow of Sam. N. esq. cf Chipp:nham.— W.._L. Nash, esq. ofthe Monmouth and Brecon militia, to Miss Evans, daughter of Mr. Alderman E. _ At Clifton, Edward Hartopp, esq. eldest son of Edward Wigly H. esq. of Daily house, Leicestershire, to Anna Eleonora Wrey, eldest daughter of Sir Bourchier W. bart. of Tavis- tock, Devonshire. ; _ . At Winscombe, Major Stafford, of the 98th ‘fFegiment, ta Franees Maria, eldest daughter » of E. Whalley, esq. of Winscombe court, _. At Bath, Pierce Newton King, esq. to ~ Miss Carroli, youngest sister of George C. sq. of Horton, Yorkshire —]ohn Campbell Blint, M. D. of Gainsvorough, Lincolnshire, © to. Miss Dillon, daughter of the late Captain Ug: of Penrbyn, Cornwall.—Captain Hyde, x lam Green, to Miss Ray. __ At Horsington, the Rey. Thomes Whalley ~ Wickham, rector of that place, to Miss. Ben- ' met, daughter of James B. esq of Cadbury- _ house. vy * — Died.J] At Bath, Colonel Lambert, of La- “Y¥ington, Wilts, formerly in the service of - the East India Company in Bengal.—Daasey _ Dansey, eq. of Littie Hereford, formerly ma- ~ jor ot the Worcester militia—In her 88th yeat, Mrs. Jane Quicke, who had for several years fixed her residence in. this city. She _ possessed great affabilicy of manners, and cheerfulness of disposition; her hospitality ‘was bounded only by the limits of her income: and actuated by a geruine spirit of benevo- “eats contributed liberally to all the “ ritable institutions of the places of her ae idence, of which Bath in particMlar can _ bear ampie testimony ; and her attention to as a. duties was constant, and worthy of imitation. Sbe was the only child of yomas Coster, esq of Bristol, formerly a Feprescutaiive of that city in parliament ; who, by having some concerns vin the tin ines of Cornwall, was the first person to az into botice the copper ore found in that unty, which now makes one of its chief St yple Commodities, and since the application ‘ Fie metabco naval purposes, une of the most / ary and usefy) productions of the king- n» She was first married to Robert Hob- esq. of Nanswhyden, Cornwall, who also Hiaments till the time oF his death, by whom - Moxaxzr Mac., No. 174. Samerset— Dorset. esencei Bristol in several successive par- 89 ste left no issue. She was married secondly to John Quicke, esq. of Newton-Sr.-Cytes, Devon} and became his widew about 32 years Since ; by him she had one’sun, the present John Quicke, esq. ef the same place, who Served afew years since the office of sheriff for Devonshire. : At Bristol, at the Hotwells, the Rev, James Allen, rector of Kens, bester, and vicar of Mansel; Herefordshire, and one of the ma- gistrates of that county. —Miss Harriet, eldest daughter of William. 4H. esq.—Mrs. Oliver, wife of Thomas O. esc. formerly governor of Massachuset’s Bay, North America. . She was a lacy of a superior understanding, mild and amiable manners, highly accomplished, and of a most char:table disposition. she was daughter and soie heiress of —-— Freeman, esq. of the island of Antigua. _ At Ston Easton, William Greenhill, esq. of Puriton, eldest son of P. G. esq.of the for- mer place. i At Wells, Mrs. Brown. At Shirchampton, Mr. Jardine, relict of the Rev, David J dissenting ministcr of Bath, At Sandhill Farm, Withycorzbe, ‘thomas Escott, esq At Lamoridge, James Hooper, esq. in the. commission of the peace for this county.;, the following day, his first cousin, Mr. Joseph Hooper, of Charmey Down ;, and a week af~ tsrwards, Mr. Jon Hooper, of Stanton Priory cousin to the two preceding. At Tintinhuli, Miss Burc, only’ surviving daughter oi the late Jos. b. esq. of Plymouth. At Minenead, Captain John Jenkins, a lauding waiter in the customs at that port. DORSETSHIKE. Died.] At Dorchester, Mr. John C. Mans- field, emisent in his proiession as an attorney, and a most iuithiul.s eward to the many noe ble familiés who petronised his worth. -AtShattesbury. Mr. T. Hanham,sen. At Hanbury, much regretted on account of his.pleasantry and ready wit, William Churchhill, esq. of Hebury, of the same family as John Churchill, Duke of Maribo- rough, and the lineal represe-tative, by his Mother's side, of the original steck trom. which the Lowndes’s of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire are sprung; his muther being Sarah Luowades, the daughter and sold heiress of John Lowndes, esq. of Overton and Léa hall, in’Cheshire, and oy Shepherd's Well, in Kent. He married to his first wife Lady Louisa Greville, sister to the car! of War- wick, by whom he nas left a son and heir; his second wife, now a widow, was the relict of the tate Earl of Stafford. Mr. Churchill was great nephew and one of the . heirs of T. Lowndes, esy. aclerk’in che,treasury, who founded an astronomica) proiessorship at Cam-= bridge, and who at great expence und trouble invented the buy saltthat goes by his name,/but for which invention 25,000l. is still claimed from government, by the representatives of the above T. Lowndes, who died in 1, 48, bY abe At 99 » At Lyme, Mrs. Carter, wife of the Rev. Henry C. rector of Little Wittenham, Berks. ‘ DEVONEHIRE. Married | At Exeter, the Rev. William Gwynn, rector of Denton, Sussex, to Hen- vietta, third daughter of William Augustus Gordon, esq.—Lieutenant Edward Morres, af the Royal Navy, nephew of Lord Frank- fort, to Miss Crab, of Stonehouse. , At Plymouth, John O’Grady, esq. archi- tect, to Mrs, Donhoe, of Friday-stréet, Lon- don. . Died.} At Exeter, Mrs. Saunders.—Mr: Richard Durant.—Miss Kekewich, only daughter of w~- K. esq: of Nori hbrooke- house.—-Captain Mackay, R.N.--Jacub Bartlett, esq. of Mary-church.—Mr. Wil- liarn Brooke:.—Mr. Pullen, , At Bradnich, Mr. George Rossiter. He fe\) down inan apoplectic fit, while super-, intending. his “hay-makets, and instantly &&x-' pired eae At Bampton, Mrs? Sayer. ’ : At Barnstapley Mrs. Roberts; wife of John .R. esq: chief magistrate’ of that town, ° oy ‘At Exmouth, Mrs. Miller, wife of Tho- mas Elton Mi esqvoF Wortestershire: At Tavistock, Mr. Skinner of the Bedford Arms Inn. His death was occasioned by a fall from his: horse. At-Wiveliscombe, Henry Waldron, gent. At Blakemore, Edmund browne, esq. 90.’ At Axminster, Mrs. Whitty, 62. torNwaL. Jéarvied.] At Fowey; Mr. Joltn Higgs, to’ Mise Nickells. ae At Creed» Mr. William Fremayne; of Pad- ston, to Miss ‘Elizabeth Robarts, © At Breage, Captain Matthew Bennets, of Godolphin. Mine, to Miss Mary James, of Ruthdower house. At Falmouth, Mr. Abraham Simon Solo- ron, to» Miss Kitty Jacobs, daughter of the Yee Mr. J. of Redruth. AtSt. Gluvias, Mr, J. Street, surgeon of the Walsingham packet, stationed at Fal- mouth, to Mrs. Nicholas, relict of Thomas N. esq. both of Penryn. Died.) At Bast Loo, Mr. John Rice, sur- geon, who hadresided there upwards of thirty years, and during that time had been a most exemplary pattern of social affection and pri- vategharity. His loss is very sensibly felt by every description of people where his prac- ‘tice and acquaintance extended ; the parishes of. Talland, Lansallos, Pelynt, Duloe, and Saint Martin’s will very long have cause to Jament their loss: for*he was a sound and correct practitioner. In East and West Looe, it may be said in the language of Holy Writ “‘the mourners go about the streets” because their friend is gone home, At Falmouth, Mrs. Carne, wife of John C. esq. merchant. rR HA At Penzance, Mr. John Marshall, © At Goran, -near Mevagissey, Mrs. Bel- fiagz = x ‘Cornwall Breland. [Aug. J , IRELAND. ® : ‘Te every person capable of feeling the In- fluence of patriotism, the preservation of his national music must be « subject! of interest. From remote antiquity has Ireland been cele- brated, ina high degree, for the excellence of its Bards, for the sweet sumplicity and pathos of their poetry, and their superiority on the Harp. Impressed with those reflections; ‘and regretting. thet neglect and decty which the Harp has lately expetienced,-a numer of the inhabitants of the town and neighboyrhoad’of Belfast have associated, ‘or the purpose of rescuing that national instrument from total extinction, For. this. purpose, the Socitty have opened a Subscription,” whieh already exceeds ont hundred guineas. per afinunf, for’ ‘the. instruction of ‘a select ‘number of pupil - On the Irish Harp, and have. ehyaged as * teacher Mr..Arthur G*Neill—a man whose chatacter and talents. qu-lify him ‘higlily for the employment. [t'-is proposed to’ seleet twelve or more persons, of “either sex, fr _such candidates as offer, without -cistinétivin’ ¢ of sect or country ; and the Society call upon! all who delight in the national music, and are fond of coptemplating those remains of Ire~ land, which bespeak the possession of ‘sci ence and civilization. im pertuds of remote ans _tiquity, to co-opérate with them in this’ dé+ sign. It ie hoped that search will-be madés: * especially among the’ habitations off the’ poors for such persons as.,.seem. to te highly’ en dowed with natural musical talents, and Who, | frorn their age afd disposition, may dppear most likely to succeed as “Selrolars.- “it is: hoped, likewise, that such peeuniary aid-witl! 4 he contributed by the generous and enlight- ened, as-shall enable theSociety to extend their views beyond the’mere business of tui4 tion; by giving premiums and support to such’ of the pupils as are ‘likely to”attain eminence. in their profession. The Society ate aware. ~ that they have engaged'in an arduous uodér4 taking, and that the situation of Belfast is not so favourable as that of many.other places, for carrying their views into. effect; “but they have been excited, and almost hurried into* the measure, by a circumstance mélanchdoly* to reflect upon=-that the person, whomi they” have been so fortunate as to procure fora’ master, is already far advanced in life; is the only person they know, now living in the | kingdom, capable of that office; and, that’ should any thing retard the speedy execution of their project, any future attempt must ne-" — cessarily prove abortive:—for in soch*an/ event, the national music must be irfecoves' rably lost, and the Irish’ Harp remain ee .strang for ever! : Died.| At Roseyards, near Ballymoney, the Rey. J. Tenant, 82. He was upwards of fifty-seven years pastor of the ‘seceding cons gregation of that place, during’ whictr peri he never disappointed them of'a sermon; not: was prévented from -preaching through sick=" nessa Single sabbath, ~ MP Te Seg ee Jn Cork, M, Wukces ‘relict oft the tate Ee rt ward 3808, ] 1. ward Duke, of Bandon, aged 105 years;, she enjoyed the happiness. 9} sceing 197 of her ghildren, 'gromdctildren, and» great grand- children, and was perfect in her intellects to the last moment. At Dublin, Mrs. Ford, wife to ——— Ford, esq ot. the county of Down, and eldest dauzhter of the late Right Honourable Wil- ‘Jiam *rownlow. She went, in apparently Monthly ‘Commercial Report. ‘91 position, and being near her accouchement of her twenty-first child, considerabie alarm was excited. Mrs, Tottenham offered every at. comimodation her house afforded ;. but Mrs. Ford, finding berselt much recovered, yielded to the natural impulse of wishing tobe in her own house on such an occasion, and was con- veyed into her eceach, accompanied by her sister, the Countess of Powerscourt, and her periect healt, to the rout of Mrs. Lotcus Tottenham. White seated at the card table, “she found herself seized with a sudden indis- ‘ sou; but before they arrived at the heuse, the vital spark had flown, 3 eeaeaoaoaoeooeeeeeeeeeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeee—e_eee MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. N out last report’ we announced the arrival of the Leeward Island fleet, since which time 4 __™ large fleet from Jamaica has arrived with a considerable quantity of West India pro- duce, and we are happy to siy, to a tolerably good market, as- sugars have edyanced in “conseqience of the distilleries using sugar, instead of grain, as well as the export of large quantities of coffée lately sent to Spain; the ports of thac country being now opened for "our exports, as well as imports thence, We may hourly expect a fleet of 100 sdil from Malta; . they were spoken with about the 1st ult. near Girgenti, by a brig which arrived at Gibraltar /onthe 14th. By this fleet a very large quantity-of Italian-rags, for paper-making-use, may be expected, as also Italian silks, both of which articles thie country stands in need-of at pre- sent, in order to lower the exorbitant prices of all kinds of: paper, as well as to give work to _- our poor silk manufacturers in Spitalfields, who are at the present time greatly distressed for ‘want of'employment. A fleet from Coina is also arrived, namely: the True Briton, “Henry Addington, Cumberland, ‘Britannia, Nottingham, Cuffnells, Scaleby Castle, and Retreat, © _pnaccount of the Unired Company of Merchants of England trading to the Esst Ipdies. Their " Ss consist of 119,795 chests of tea, 420 chests of raw silk, and 97,300 pieces of Hankeen, rs ‘Phe said Company have declared for sale the following goods,-viz, PewBibeay sc. sae Sse aL ae 600,000 Ibs,” : Congou and Campoi..../...4,500,000 " wk: Pekoe and Souchong....-....-200,000 OD ae a ' "| ‘Singloand Twankay.s...._.. -900,000 eRMS ee" ats A) “Hyson skin... .....+-...... 100,000 . ie Bh hae Byson . 06 205 ee 2s eee ede 2505000 ~ =. Gneludirig private trade and prize teas 6,550,000 ‘4 sqeth yw Ln : oe, Tale ne ‘ : > @n Wednesday the 7th of September, 1808. Prompt. the 2d December following. And _ the/Company do further declare, that they will give timely-noticesf what other goods they Will put up at this sale, ( : : 7 We long since anticipated the result of an intercourse with Spanish America, and the value of such acommerce to this country. Qorideasare now; we are happy to say, realized, as alreas dy the Spanish admiral and his noble aly have arrivedin our metropolis: ftom the junta at Ses i % ville, with full:powers to open’a’trade from this country to Méxicoand Peru! Glorious and good news for our manufactufers!.. What source of riches unexpectedly presents itself to our - gountry, and all brodght about by the infamous treachery of Buonaparte towards a people _ ¢perhiays: the’ righest in the world,) that “hitherto. supplied -him with money to carty on the Wat for so muny years against us, as well.as all other party of Europe. The Spaniards and Portaguese, Whe are now nobly protecting their gountry from his infernal Brasp, can never » Rénéetorward Wave any confidence in him, and to England will, we trust, be ever aita¢hed, - Phe Mediterranean fleet has brougit about..1500 bags of- talian rags, mostly séconds and -- thitds.. They were offered dt 2008. bur afterwards, refased at even 84s. which is a heavy pri e for articles oF that quality, in the absence of stronger’and coarser Hambro's; &c. to w. Pe With. »Culiwas r#gsj, clean, have advanced, the, Present-price being from 50s. to bus. " d blaete'Writing papers (from the great price of smaits) has risen within a few days ang- ther 5 per cent. at rae ig os Dana 6 si ’ We may expect a peared with Russia, if not with Denmark ala; but not in time for cone signmeins to this Countiy from thé former before next spring: “This expectation, with the’ arrival of some féw'stips ftom Russia; that had wintered in the Baltic, has already reduced the price’ of Herhp 151. to 201. per ton, and Linseed Oil 121, to 20), per ton. —- Vie article of Cotton Woot has advanced in price, in consequence of the large orders lately --‘Feceived from the Bruzils tus manufactured goods at Manchester 5 and in the last week nearly ST aN : 800 es * albe - g2 “Monthly Botanical Report. [Aug. 1, 8900 bags sold at Liverpoa! market, principally to the trade. Old Bowed sold from 19d. te id. New Bowed 911d. to 22d. Orleans 29d. to 2s. Barbalués 23d. to 2344. Demeraras 28: to %.ud, Brazils@s 1d. to @s 44d, with every appewrance of the market being higher. At Ia chester there has been a demand for Water Twist, and large purchases have been made in weit) Thus we-alreddy begin to find the advantége of our commerce with Brazil, &c. In Yorkshire, ‘arge orders have been received for all kinds of coayse Woollen Cloths for -the Brazils, and at tvis time every hand is happily employed; and in Gloucestershire, the deiriand for sup@rfine ones for the market of Rio de Janziro is alsé very considerable. We have in our former reports hinted at the consequences of this important trade to South America; that snow most fortunately realized: “and in our next report we hope to have it in our power to say-as much o: that co the Spanish settlements in that country. COURSE OF EXCHANGE, Joly 5. July 8. ; July 12 ae) eS ee eee Prices of Hops. . Bamborgh..|85 5 --+-{3: PATON aN! 3.0189"). 6: a aresho te .. [Bags.—~-Kent, 31. 153, to 51. 5s. per ewt. {_ Amsterdam [56 7 ....|96 7 ..456 — Sussex, 41. to4l 12s percwt. Pacis sct.s Bf soins wy [Sd warded bile otek Essex, 41, to 41. 10s. per owt. ‘ Leghorn....|49$....... 493 ....]493 ....|Pockets.—Kent, 41. to 51. 14s. per ewt. 5. » Wahtles ote ) Teace estan, onthe PX ah Sussex, 41. 10s. to 51 53. per cwt. Genoa ..... 45} die ates 154 wi sreye ROR ne +_-——Farnham, 61 to 8}. 10s. per cwte Lisbon’. ...% [O00 seess BAO iso ge, os ROD Tea ha ps; ODEO ss on LOE) 0 cree nie O Fig: bain ee OF -| The average price of Raw Sugar, ending Dublin... {11 oss.eef4l .4.]11 ....4)9ch of July, 1808,, is "38s. 43d, per ewe, Cotk . 4. A11E ve eee. [Llg «2. [1dd .... Jexclusive o: duties : The foliowing are the ‘average Prices of Navigable Cana’ Shares, Do:k Stock, and Fire Offi-e shares, in July, 1808, at he Office of #Mr. Scott, No. 98, New Bridge-street, Black~, friars, London:—Gians Junction, 1201, ex dividend of 21. per share for the last half year.— Elle-mere, 551 to 541.—Kennet and Avon New Shares, 41. 10s. premium.—Ashby-de-lae Zouch, 227} —Chelmer, 571.—West-India Dock: Stuck, 15¢1. per cent. ex diyicend or 51, hait-yearly.—-London Dock Stock. 1151. ex dividend of 2]. 15s. ditto. —Globe Lisurance, 1161. per cent. ex dividend of 31. ditto.—Fast-London Water-Works, 481. per cent. premium — West-Middlesex ditto, 2. to 101. per cent. premium. wa Vhe following are the average Prices of Canal Shares, &c. &c. July 21, 1808, at, the Office of Messrs L. Wolie and Co. No, 9, Change-alley, Cornhill.—Lonion Dock Stock, 1161. por cent —East India ditto 1491. per cent —W ther was exceedingly hot. The high pasture lands, towards the end’ of the month, were beginssing to look brown and parclred; and J am informed that the turhio crops have been Considerably injured by the continued drought. wine June sg. The eggs of sore silk worms which 1 had last’year put into a dark closet, and hac forgotten, began about this day to produce Cheit young. ee “ June8. The following garden plants, amjongst numerous others, are now in flower:—-~ Poplar-leaved Cistus (Cstus populifolius), Waved Cistus-(Cistit laxus), Rose Cistus (Cisem roseus), Gum Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), White-flowered Peony (Pasiia albiflora), Sweet - William (Dianthus barbatus), Tree Primrose (Oxtothera biennis), Perennial Oenothera (Ocwb~ thera fruticosa), aid Grea(-flowered Bellflower (Campanula grandifiora). . In fields I observed the Maiden pink. ( Dianthus deltcides), Emglisti Catehfly (Silene ongelicay, Cross-leaved heath (£rfca tetralia), and fuie-Yeaved heath (Erica cinerea). The deep purple Rowe's cf che fatter give, at this season’of the year, a rich and highly beautiful tint to almost all the waste lands in the neighbourhoud from which J wrives June 16. A great number of persons, chiefly childten, are occhpied in catching leécheg, ~ These they sefl, at the race of about three shillings a dozen, to percons who send them off, in great’number§ ata timé,’to London, In sonic parts of the tiveys the animals-are in such plenty, that a toy has been Known to catch as many ag thitty or forty in a days Those whe are most skilful at the businegs tie tip bundles ‘of weeds (sometimes containing blood, or er other avimil substance) and throw them into ptaces' which the leeches moat frequent, They take these up af certain’ times, and Gn shaking them to pieces, make » pride of such as take shelter in them, Others of the leech-cdtchers get into boats, and, by mbving them ther violently, from side to sidé, amongst the weeds, put into motion spth Of the leeches as happen to be'in the immediate neighbourhood, which they then Catch by means of a small fine net at the erid of a long haridle. @ concéive that ic Would be well worth while-te | attempt the same in other parts, where the rivets or,streams art favorable for the production _ of these,animals. 4 ie i . :e ; 7 2 + FL te “ 2 “5 vat th eet P| June21.. Pie. greatest partiof the chaférs have either léft’Us or béen destroyed. The . toads and foot-paths wré, i Biany Places, thitkly strewed with their: shells. Such of the . trees 4s Huvé bien injured by thelity* aid particularly the oils; “are"beginning to put out new Jeavesy:-ad to regain their lost vérdure. : ‘ On the commons and Waste lancs I observe great numbers of the black horned beetle, Called Bulitcomber (Searabaus typkeus), lying dead, and appearing perfectly dry and pa 1c t 1808.] Monthly Agricultural Report. 95 The Stag-beetles (/ucanus derwus) ate in greater numbers this year than I have generally seem - them; and I have caughe some that were of Unusually large size. ‘i © June 30. une 24. The Woodbine and Milk-thistle (Cardtus marignug) are in flower, I have hitherto seen only two glow- warms. The mackrel fishermen have been at work almost every evening during the fiw month; but, except one night, when about ten thousand were caught, they have noi beea Buckesifol. Myst have tended té fill the ears well. Hampshire. The fish weré'of smaH sizey but of excellent flavour, MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT, E grain crops of all sorts continue to have in general a L promising appearance, especially in : _the midland and/northern districts of the island; where much more rain has jallen than In those of the south during the present month 3 and the fine showers within these few days The Barleys, are every where apparently very full crops; the Wheats in some cases rather thin. aad short im the ear; and the Oats likewise occasionally short in the straw, with a deficient far. _ domi, these crops, and especially’ the Wheits;*are ‘greatly ‘m more forward than in the above, mere. they have in commion scarcely'yet"begun toturn. - Tn the more southern parts.uf the kings . The Bean and Pea crops are not* by any nteaxs'so prontising, the former being in meny Pisifarions short and not well podded, | ‘and the: ae raatty! injured by the excessive heat of |e of the season, and consequently tie defivickcy of hoeing ‘and "dusting up. season’ The Potatoe crops have also inderab dead iedury by the tong continued heat and dryness ‘ It is to be. feared that they will ‘prove d deficieiit crop; ‘at least upon most ofthe drier sorts, of soil. ill vhs and the late hail storms. ++-+s+-0 he iets “$y Beeleccscceees 4 Mutton........° 4 ou, SABE ee POP ees ov eiicies AS ee EArt oo. 5 20/5 hve v5¢) 0" aaocoh Current ‘price: of Gr aim. ee Sl Se) GREG 66 80 0 8? 85 0 45 50 0 aie 50° 0° f _ 68 76 0 145 153 “0! 60 64 O° BGGnGs os coe aa dene "Ti beans (old) 1... Oat i Se ple ote ’ Rape Séed; per last ., Fine Piast SEOORGS «6 ey eeesen ee ad wy An fat stock in Smithfield Market the variations have-nas been great Ta sink the fel, at per ttone-of 816. to to ; to te to. wood 5 0 45 6- ‘ 6.6% 6 Q : 6.6 - Straw sa ersrerenennerese Clever TOP OMe Dee eo Re Oe L. ‘ Hay seEtop > dary tand cove a 6 _ The lands which were sown with Turnips last: month! vthere’ rain hias failen, have the © epops ROW pushing 3 into broad” Teaf? but in'othéitcaies} they. have either been destroyed or are tin 5 much Jand being hited yet to-be'sown with that crop, uit orchards have suftéred ‘Ereatly, A Fa ei i districts 5 rg 6 che: violence of the winds, The fallows of the Wheat crops have Generieae an cecellons preparation, and will uo doubt : i ~ Phough the Hay harvest'is ‘mastly ever in the south, ‘there i is ‘stil much grass to cut in the 1 keeps its ‘evel, theese there hasbeen litle or no advance ia it since t Beasts. . wo ewee hs yah oe 1,750 Sheep.and: Lambs ........ 14,300. 5 MOTUINIR Siro vary Ba gins atl 9 erbiam Rigs. naytnceegeentsennes 309° 2e9 | C96]. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Obsereations.on the State af the Weather, from the 24th of May to the 24th off June, 1808, inclusive, Two Miles N.W. of St. Punl’s, . Barometer. Thermometer. : 7 Highest 30.35, June 28. Wind N. We Higheft 93°. Joly 14. WindS. Ey Lowest 29.74. Jury 20. Wind S.W. “Lowest 53°. July 1. Wiod N. E. The mereury Greatest ) 2 tenths } tah § 29.9 ee Greater 2 variation in { ofaninch. rb “ F artic variation m4 81°, but on the 94th #1 hours buc on the 20th | v4 hours.’ it was uo higher than it was no higher 70°. than 29.7. . ‘ thermometer was at ( On the 934 the 414°. The rain fllen since our account is equal to 4 inches in depth, of which the greater part fell en the 24th and 25:h instant: previously to the 24th we had scarcely more than thiee showers during the month. Never was there a more propitious hay harvest, he rains now com> menc-d (July 26) where the weight and violence are not sufficient to crush the standing corn, will be of much service to the ground, which, hy the late unusual beat, had nearly Bost every trace of verdure. In the metropolis the first heavy showers were on the 21st; at this place, though at so short a distance, we had not rain sufficierit to lay the dust of thie road¢ till Sunday the 24th. - On that and the 25th we had many violent and lasting rains, accom- panied occasionally with thunder and lightning. In different parts of the kingdom, and even at a short distance south of London, the storms have been truly tremendous, and accompanied with much mischief. The leading meteorological feature of this month has been the extreme heat of the 19th, 13th, and 14th days. We have paid much aitention to the state of the atmosphere, as the Reports in this work will shew, since January 1802, and remember nothing approathing to the eat of the days referred to. ; In the summer of 1802 the greatest heat was. 85° July 3. : 1803... cercedceesecees+ BOF" August 30. : 85° Jane 25, TODA 6 sie A wel aidalats 6 « 84° August 3. 1805 wo recececccccccess 79° July 4. *¥ 1BQGrikek 105 Weds sees os BIS". June 14. : 1807 2. eee eececeee ven 89° July 18 and August 13. We have used the same thermometer through the whole period, nor has the place been changed; it hangs on the outside of 2 window frame looking N. E. In this situation on the 22th it was as high as 883°, on the 13th 91°, and on the 14th it was at the astonishing height of 95° at which it continued nearly.an hour. Ac the timber yard near Westminster Bridge we were informed it was at the same height. ‘In ashop in Holborn on the 15th we saw the thermometer at 89%, at a time that the sho appeared to the festings very cool in comparison of the external air, . Mr.Capel Lofft, of Troston, writes, that on the 12th and 13th his thertiometer stood both days at. 91°, and his observations were confirmed by those of a neiglibour; and at Bury St. Edmunds the thermometer was at 95° on the 12th, and at 95° on'the 13th. Mr. Lofft observes, that ‘* twenty-seven years observation, .very little interrupted, bas néver given me an egual resylt in two successive days, or even in a single day.” At Troston the greatest peat was between twelve and two: it was not sointhis place. Here it was the hottest about four o'clock ; and this, as Mr. Lofft observes, is usually the hottest part of the day in this jatitude, inthe months of july and August. The average heat for the month is about 68°, and the average height of the barometer is 30.07. ‘ Astronomical Anticipations. We have full moon on the 6th and new moon on the 21st of August: oa the 7th she ap- proaches the planet Jupiter, and on the 8th Jupiter will rise after the muon, but on this and the next evening they will be interesting objects for the telescope; as is also Saturn, which - is to be Seen in the westetn part of the-heavens. Saturn’s ring makes a fine appearance at present. The Herschel may likewise, with the aid: of a yond glass, be scen in the same quarter. Towards the middie of the month, Mercury will be visible before sun-rise. Venus 33 still an evening star, but too near the sun to be visible. ‘T’o those possessed of good glassésy we may observe that Jupiter's first satellite will be eclipsed, visible here, en the 6th, at 16m. past one in the morning ;. onthe 13th, at 10m. past three; on the 14th, at 39m. past nine in the evening; onthe ist, at 35m. past eleven; and on the 29ch, at 27m. past one in the morning. VErratas—In the quotation from Euripides, No. 172, p 497, tor *< Ao wat Aogsov,” read §6 w gas Ackiov;’? andin the sixth line above, for ‘* siccavit,” read ** exsigcavit s In the Vescription ef Lord Elgin’s Antiquities, p- 519, line 9, for €¢ Dr. Richard Worsl»y, read “ Sir Richard Worslcy.”—-Also, p, 520, line 33, for *¢ Tassier’s,” read Tassic’s.”” ‘ -MONTHLY No.175.]) SEPTEMBE “-Inflyenge and Celebrity, the moft: extenfively circula *©Curiofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or ORIGINAL COM For the Monthly Magazine... LETTER II. ’ ON-THE TEA PLANT, Néc vero terre ferre omnes’omnia ‘possunt. " Fluminibus salices, crassisque paludibus alni - Nascuntur, steriles saxosis montibus orni; Littora myrtetis letissima : denique apertos Bacchus amat colles: aquilonem et frigora taxi. Virgil, G; ii. 1 my first letter, which you deemed worthy of a place in your Magazine - for August, I intimated my intention of resuming the History of Tea, with its in- " troduction into this kingdom. * sf __ So far as authentic accounts afford us ' information, China and Japan are the only countries where it is cultivated for . _ tise, and hence we may conclude, that it is indigenous to one, if not to both, of ~ them.*. whe Im __ About the year.1600 Texeira,t a-Spa- - Niard, saw the dried. tea-leaves “iti Ma- Jacca, where he was informed the Chinese prepared a drink from this vegetable ; and, in 1633, Oleariust found this prac- - tice prevalent among the Persians, who procured the plant under the name of Cha Orchia, from China, by means of the Usbeck Tartars. In 1639, Starkaw, the Russian ambassador at the court of the Mogul, Chau Altyn, partook of the infusion of tea; and, at his departure, was offered a quantity of it, as a present to the Czar Michael Romanof, which the ambassador refused, as being an article for which he had no use. § | ~ * Some authors add Siam also. Vide Sim. Pauli, Comment. et Wilh. Leyl, Epist. apud. | Sim. Pauli Comment. Nich. Tulpii Observ.. - Medicin. libs iv. cap.1x. Lond. 1641. _ + Texeira, Relaciones del Origen de los” 3 ibung, 1633, p. 325, lib. v. cap. xvii. p. - 599, fol. 1656:- Hamburg, 1698. Amstel. | 1666, 4to. ' % | § Fischer, Sibirische Gesthichte, vol. ii. pp: 694, 697. | _.Montuiy Mac., No. 175.. THE MAGAZINE. R 1, 1808. [2 of Vou. 26. ® As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving to their Opinions a Maximum of ted Mifcellany will repay with the grcateh& Effet the Infrution.” - JOHNSON, MUNICATIONS. __ It was first introduced into Europe by the Datch East India Company, early in the 17th century; and a quantity of it is said to have been brought_over froin Holland about the year 1666, by Lord Arlington and. Lord Ossory; and it soon afterwards became known among people of fashion, and its use, by degrees, has become general. Anderson,.in his Chro= nological Deduction of Commerce, re= marks, that the first European author that mentions tea,,wrote.in the year 1590. But this .subject- had. certainly been considered much earlier.+ Tea must, I think, have been intro- duced into England prior to the time as- cribed to Lords Arlington and Ossory’s return from Holland ; for-drinking tea, even in public coffee-houses, was not un< common, as a duty of four-pence per gal- lon was laid on the liquor made and sold in all coffee-houses, so early as. 1660. By an act made this year, the duties of ex- cise on malt-liquor, cyder, perry, mead, spirits, oF strong waters, coffee, tea, sher= bet, and chocolate, were settled on the king during his life. . Then it was that coffee, tea, and chocolate, were first men- tioned in the statute-book.. On the 29th of October, 1675, Charles Ef, dined with the corporation of London at Guildhall. At this feast the king afforded the citi- zens cause. of animadversion, in which they indulged themselves so much to his dissatisfaction, and that of- his cabal mie bistry, that a proclamation was issued on the 20th of Deceinber. of the same year, fur shutting up and suppressing all coffee-houses ; “ because in such houses, ! ‘ 2 ‘-* L. Baptista Ramusio, le Navigazioni e Viaggi nelli quali si concienne la Descrittione dell” Africa, del Paese del. Prete, Joanni del ' Mar Rosso, Calicut, Isule Moluchese, la Navi« gazione intorno il Mondo Vinet, 1550, 1563, 1588. 3-vols, folio, vol.-3, p..15. “In 1590, this was translated into English by Giovanhi Botaro, an eminent Italian au- thor, and it is probably to this that Anderson refere, way mes ~ and 98 and by the occasion of the meeting of disaffected persons in them, divers false, malicious, and scandalous reports, were devised and read abroad, to the defama- ‘tion of his majesty’s government, and to the disturbance of the peace of the realm.” The opinion of the judges was taken on this great point of stopping people’s tongues, when they sagely replied, * That retailing of colfee ahd tea might be an innocent trade; but asit was used to nourish sedition, spread lies, and scan- dalize great men, it might also be a com- mon nuisance.” However, on a petition of the merchants and retailers of coffee and tea, permission was granted to keep open the coffee-houses until the 24th of June next: and here the matter, after some admonition, ended. After this long digression I shall con- clude with some remarks on the cultiva- tion of tea in our colonies, as proposed by your correspondents, E. N. and Phy- tophilus, to supersede the purchase of it from China; and in my subsequent, and perhaps last letter, adyert to it, in a mo- ral and political point of view. This exotic shrub delights particularly in Valleys, and on the declivities of hills, and upon the borders of rivers, where it enjoys a southern exposure to the sun, though it endures considerable variations of heat and cold, as it flourishes in the northern clime of Pekin, as well as about Canton, the former of which is in the same latitude with Rome ; and from me- teorological observations, it appears, that the degree of cold about Pekin is as se- vere in winter aS in many parts of Eu- rope. The best. tea, however, grows in a mild temperate’climate 5 the country about Nankin producing better tea than either Pekin or Canton, between which places it is situated: it is hence proba- ble, that tea would thrive in many parts of the world of a suitable degree of tem~- perature of climate; but how far the price of labour would adinit of its becom- ing an object of trade, may be doubted, as well as, whether its cultivation would not exclude other articles, to greater loss than the gains of tea would compensate, as labour in China does not exceed a penny a day, which suffices to purchase rice for the daily consumption of its tem- perate native. . Phytophilus mentions the cultivation of tea.in Jamaica: with this fact I am other- wise unacquainted, ‘and I imagine that neither the climate, nor the price of la- our, will ever renderit a matter of pro= On the Cultivation of the Tea Plant. fit. and America: but here future experience must determine. About the year 1770 it was introduced into Georgia in America, but I believe its cultivation, as an article of commerce, has been abandoned. The ingenious au- thor of Occalis (Mrs. Morton) in her poem of Beane-hill, in describing the pro- — ducts of this province, introduces the exouc of China: Yet round these shores prolific plenty twines, Stores the thick field, and swells the clus- tering vines ; A thousand groyes their glossy leaves unfold, — Where the rich orange rolls its ruddy gold, China's green shrub, divine Magnolia’s bloom, With mingling odours fling their high per-~ fume. TsJAA-PHILUS. ——_—— For the Monthly Magazine. REMARKS on the POETIC ROMANCE of MARMION. « S no effort ought to be wanting to prevent the vitiation of the public taste as well as morals, I desire, as areader™ of the poem of Marmion, to enter my pro- test against that portentous prodigy. In the general effect of the composition it is unquestionably very inferior to the ‘‘ Lay of the Last Minstrel,” which is itself the pro- duction of a very wild andecceutric genius, Of narrative, whether poetry or prose, the first requisite is perspicuity. But never surely was a tale either of joy or woe, wrapped up insuch a veil of obscure and turgid phraseology. Never were in- cidents so ill-connected or so thinly scat- tered through the immense void of 500 ~ pages. Amid the chaos of description and episode it is difficult to trace the pro-— gress of the story without bestowing upon it much more attention than such a trifle can be supposed to deserve. Let the ad- mirers of this extravagant performance take the trouble of comparing it with the Palamon and Arcite of Dryden, in which every species of poetic excellence is dis- ~ played. An interesting tale is told with simplicity and elegance. The ornamented parts bear a just proportion tothe whole; and the sympathy excited by the narra- — tive gradually increases to the end. In _ Marmion the substance of the story is lost — amidst a profusion of meretricious and — gewgaw embellishments; and it exhibits” much the same analogy to thé finished — and classic production of Dryden as Our | Lady of Loretto to the Venus of Medieis. . The ; [Sept. 1, va . It appears to me best suited for the — climate of the southern -parts of Europe — se ~~ cH a 1808.] _ The modern poet has not attempted to prefix an argument to the different cantos of his work, which might have been of * somé service in assisting his bewildered readers tomakeout hismeaning. But the Opening of the first canto furnishes a good specimen of the characteristic manner of the poet, who employs more than 200 lines in describing the entrance of Lord Marmion into the castle of Norham: and the author exclaims with much self-com- placency *Tis meet that I should tell you now How fairly armed and ordered how The soldiers of. the Guard, - With musquet, pike, and morion, To welcome noble Marmion Stood in the castle yard, &c. This threat, ludicrousas it may be deemed, is literally executed. Dryden, on the con- trary, says, of the triumphal procession of Theseus and Hippolita into the city of } Athens, on the victorious return of the - Athenian prince from his Scythian expe- ‘dition, an incident not less important, certainly than the entrance of Marmion into Norham— ** I pass their warlike pomp, their proud ar- . Tay, Their shouts, their songs, their welcome by the way,” &c. But all these things Mr. Walter Scott would certainly have given usat full length; and there are modern critics who will un- doubtedly applaud the modern poct for i$ superior taste and judgment. Wiiiat can we pronounce of such verses as the following, and much more of the same contexture, but that if they are ad- tmirable, the poetry of the old school must be execrable; *£ They marshall’d him to the castle-hall, Where the guests stood all aside, And loudly flourished the trumpet-call, And the heralds loudly cried— Room, lordings, room for Lord Marmion With the crest and helm of gold, ) Full well we know the trophies won | Inthe lists of Cottiswold,” &c. * Iconfessthat the above passage appears to me to be the rival in burlesque excel- ) lence of another which succeeds it at 110 ‘great distance, as chaunted by a northern harper rude. ‘How the fierce Thirlwalls and Ridleys all, Stout Willimondswick, ‘fe And hard-riding Dick, And Hughie of Jiawdon, and Will of the Wail, Remarks on, the Poetic Romance of Marmion. 99 Have set on Sir Albany Featherstonhaugh And taken his life at the Deadmens Shaw.” Sir Hugh Heron, the governor of the- castle,gzives an invitation to Lord Marmion to bide with him some little space, “I pray you(he repeats) for your lady’s grace, “ Lord Marmion’s brow grew stern.” The governor, by way of diverting the discourse, takes a mighty wassel bowl, and calling upon Lord Marmion to pledge him, asks where he has left that page of his who used to serve his cup of wine, and whose beauty was sorare; and he inti- mates plainly his suspicion that this page was some “ gentle paramour” in disguise.’ Marmion, scarcely able to suppress his wrath, replies, that he left hiin sick in’ Lindisfarn. But, returning taunt for taunt, he inquires whether the fair and sage Lady of Heron was gone on ‘some pious pilgrimage? This was spoken in “covert scorn,” for fame whispered light tales of Heron's “ lovely dame.” The governor answered that she pre- ferred Queen Margaret’s bower, to the darksome fortress of Norham. Lord Marmion then informs Heron, that he is bound to.the Scottish court to demand «¢« Why through all Scotland near and far, Their king is mustering troops for war.” And he desires, what might be supposed very unnecessary, a guide to conduct him to Edinburgh. /This occasions much con- versation. At length it is settled than an antient Palmer, lately from Jerusalem, who arrived the preceding night at Norham, shall be the guide. But how this « holy rambler,” as he is styled, came to know the’ way better than Lord Marmion himself, isnot explained. The Palmer isdescribed as stately in mien, but his gaunt frame was worn with toil, his hair was blanched, his cheek was sunk, and his eye looked hag- gard. Early the next morning, Lord Mar- mion aud his train set forward on his’ journey; and this is the whole of the scanty information we receive from the perusal of the first Canto, containing no less than five hundred andfifty-eight lines, CANTO II. The same breeze which swept away the smoke rolling around the castle of Norham, we are told, bore along the Nor- thumbrian seas a gallant bark, bound from Whitby’s cloistered pile to the abbey of Lindisfarn, situated on the verge of the holy isle of St. Cuthbert. On the deck was placed in a chair of state, the Abbess of St. Hilda, with five feir nuns, all of whom, the abbess herself and one of the nuns, the novice Clara(excepted)“ who ill ; might ? 1c0 might pleasure share,” appeared charmed ' with the delights of their voyage; the ob- ject of which was, in conjunction with St. Cuthbert’s abbot,and the prioress of Tyne- mouth, to hold a chapter of the order of St. Benedict, “ for inquisition stern,” and strict, on two apostates from the faith, and if need ‘* were to doom to death.” Sister Clare is described as young and beautiful, and having been betrothed to one now dead, or worse, who had fled dis- honoured, she was bent to take the ves- tal vow. Those who lay prisoned in Cuth- bert’s isle were charged with practising against the mourner’s harmless life. On their landing at Lindisfarn, council was held in a dark and subterraneous aisle of the abbey “ of life and death.” Before the three judges stood the two de- linquents. Of one it is said, that “ a page’s dress her sex belied.” On her bo- som appeared the badge of blue, Lord Marmion’s falcon crest. This was Con- stance de Beverley, sister professed of Fontevraud, 6¢ Whom the church numbered with the dead, For broken vows and convent fled.” The other was a murderer clad jn frock and cow). The punishment to which they were doomed was to be im- mured in two niches built in the wall, where after consuming their slender meal of roots, water, and bread, they were des- tined to starvein dreadful solitude. Previous to the execution of this horrid sentence, Constance in convulsive accents confessed her guilt “ that listening to a traitor’s tale, she had quitted her convent, and bowed her pride to accompany him in the habit of a page for three long years: till at length he saw young Clara’s face, and knowing her to be the heiress of great estates, he foreswore his faith, and Con- stance was beloved no more. The faith of Clara however was plighted to another lover, who was unjustly accused by the perjured Marmion of treason, and his suceess in a single combat with his rival De Wilton being supposed to prove the charge, the latter was condemned to lose both life and estate. Thus says the wretched Constance :— «6 How false the charge, how true he fell, This guilty pacquet best can tell.” On the issue of the combat, Clara fled to the convent of Whitby, “ the hated match to shun;” but King Henry swore she should be Marmion’s bride: as the only means of préventing which, Con- Remarks on the Poetie Romance of Marmion. [ Sept. ly stance confessed that she had suborned the caitiff monk, destined to perish with. her, to repair to Whithy, and destroy her fair rival with poisonous drugs. Aban- doned to rage and despair, she thus pro- ceeds :— And now my tongue the secret tells, Not that remorse my bosom swells, But to assure my soul that none Shall ever wed with Marmion. Had fortune my last hope betrayed This pscquet to the king conveyed, Had given him to the headsman’s stroke, Although my heart that instant broke,” After this horrid and disgusting recital, the infernal sentence was passed and fur- thermore carried into execution; the shriekings of despair sounding in the ears of the judges as they ascended to the light of day. Such is the strange information conveyed in the six or sever hundred lines comprised in the secoud Canto. It is obvious to remark that the cha. racters of Constance and Marmion are so detestably profligate and abandoned, ~ that no art can repress the glow of indig- nation, or excite the sliglitest interest in their favour. The first 1s left to perish without any feeling of sympathy different from that which attends the fate of the vilest criminal, and the latter pursues his splendid course in defiance of the divine vengeance, and in contempt of human laws, the object of wonder and execra~ tion. The canto is spun out to an immea- surable length by weaving into the scanty narrative, long and tedious descriptions uf a Lady Abbess, a voyage, a monastery, a legend, a trial, a prophesy, and an exe- cution; the far greater part of these de- tails bearing no sort of relation to the fa- ble, which is thus expanded as it were by the bréath of the poet, into an airy no- thing; a sort of gay and gaudy bubble, dazzling to the eye, but vanishing at the talismanic touch of rational criticism. That this canto exhibits some beautiful specimens of the poetic art will indeed not be denied. The following passages may be cited as proofs. &¢ In Saxon strength the abbey frown’d, With massive arches broad and round, That rose alternate row and rows. On ponderous columns short and Tow: Built ere the art was known, By pointed aisle, and shafted stalk, The arcades of an alley’d walk, Yo emulate in stone. On the deep walls the heathen Dane Had pour’d his impious rage in vain. The 1808.] Remarks on the Poetic Romance of Marmion. The portrait of Constance is also highly wrought :— &¢ Her look composed, and. mse eye Bespoke a matchless constancy : And there she stoodso calm and pale, That but herbreathing did not fail, And motion slight of eye, or head, And of her bosom, warranted 5 That neither sensé nor pulse she lacksy You might have thought a form of wax Wrought to the very life was there, Se still she was, so pale, so fair, Ee Sa Ce ee The woeful maid Gathering her powers to speak essayed ; Twice she essayed and twice in vain Her accents might no utterance gain. Nought but imperfect murmurs slip From her convulsed and quivering lip. At length an effort sent apart, The blood that curdled to her heart, And light came to hereye ; And colour dawned upon her cheeky A hecticand a fluttered streak, Like that left on the Cheviot peak By Autumn’s stormy sky. And when her silence broke at length, Still as she spoke she gathered strength, And armed herself to bear. It was a fearful sight to see Such high resolve and constancy, ’ In form so soft and fair.” Had the whole poem been written in a strain equal or similar to the above, it would, to adopt the expression of a great critic, “ have been in vain to censure, and useless to commend.” CaNTO III. At the close of the day, under the guid- ance of the Palmer,Lord Marmion and his train arrived at a village inn, were it was determined to pass the succeeding night. When assembled around the blazing hearth, the dark visage of the silent Pal- mer fixed its constant gaze on Marmion. More than once stern encountering glances passed between them. At length _ Fitz-Eustace, one of the company, was called upon for a song; the accidental subject of which awakened remorse in the breast of Marmion, who remarked, in terror concealed under the mask of Po rmailes, that as Eustace -sung, a death- peal seemed to ring in his ear, and asked what it portended ? To which, the Pal- mer, breaking silence for the first time, replied, “ the death of a dear friend.” Here we are told that something in the tone orlook of the Palmer strack so full upon the conscience of Marmion, that answer he found none, And well might he faulter, for by his aid, as it now comes out most aukwardly and inartificially, ~was Constance Beverley betrayed into 101 the hands of the “ stern priests,” not we are indeed assured, as a victim but a slave. «¢ Dreary restraint, in convent strange Would hide her wrongs and her revenge.” This, however, is a paltry pretext, as her betrayer must have known that a dreadful and fatal punishment ayait- ed her, A dismal conflict ensues in the bosom of Marmion between repentance and re- viving love, like whirlwinds contending for sway on Loch Vennachar. The pro- priety of this simile is not very. striking ; but at this critical moment the host in- terferes, and desires permission to relate a traditionary tale, or hamlet legend. This being granted, he told how in ane cient times the Scottish monarch, Alex- ander-III, came to seek Sir Hugo, lord and founder of the neighbouring fortress. This was a famous wizard, who built the castle by the power of his magic, His errand was to ascertain the result of a~ Norse invasion which threatened his king- dom, The king was directed by the ma~ gician to repair on horseback at mid- night to the neighbouring rampart, and there wind his bugle-horn ; ; and a Gothic foe would appear, whom if the king could conquer with his lance, hé should know his destiny, but if his prowess failed him, his life, as he was given to understand, wonld be the sacrifice. The monarch following this direction, a phantom armed on horseback rose to view, in the form of England’s sovereign, Edward I. who was at this time waging holy war in Palestine. The Scottish king ran against the Elfin knight, and overthrew horse and man, The ‘phantora then foretold the famous battle at Largs, which the king saw in glorious vision. From that time the armed phantom, ac- cording to this marvellous tale, appeared nightly, upon the hill on the same spet “in the charmed ring.” Marmion and his train now retired to rest ; when Fitz-Eustace, who slept amid the hay of a waste-loft, was in the dead of night awakened by Lord Mar-. mion, who told him his determination to repair to the scene of Elfin chivalry de- scribed by the host. Eustace thereupon saddled his master’s steed, and Marmion rode forth on his adventure. After pa- tiently awaiting his return, Fitz-~Kustace heard at a distance the footsteps of a flying steed: and presently Lord Mar- mion swiftly approached him, and silenily dismounting, Fitz-Kustace saw his falcon crest was soiled, and thithe had evident- ly 102 ly been unhorsed, but no explanation was either asked or given. During this canto, the length of which is nearly equal to the foregoing, it can searcely be affirmed, although the poem is increasing so rapidly in size, to an al- most hydropic bulk, that the story is making any progress whatever. We are merely led towards the close of the canto, to expect that progress may in time be reported. The petty adventures of a wretched village hostel, where it is not imagined that an ambassador from Eng- land, with his train, should be compelled to seek a lodging, form the basis of this part of the narrative. The passages in this canto, distinguish- ed for poetic beauty, are of rare occur- rence. The description of the song of Fitz-Eustace is among the most pleasing. ¢° A mellow voice Fitz Eustace had, The air he chose was wild and sad 3 Such have I heard in Scottish land f Rise from the busy harvest band, When falls below the mountaineer On lowland plains the ripened ear. Now one shrill voice the notes prolong, Now a wildchorus swells thesong 5 Oft have I listened, and-stood still As it came softened up thehill, And deemed it the lament of men Who languish’d for their native glen; And thought how sad would be such sound On Susquehana’s swampy ground ; Kentucky’s wood-encumber’d brake, Or wild Ontario’s boundless Igke, Where heart-sick exiles in the strain Recalled fair Scotland’s hills again.” The vision of King Alexander exhibits some nervous lines. ¢ Of Largs he saw the glorious plain, Where still gigantic bones remain, _Memorial of the Danish war ; Himself he saw amidst the field, On high his brandish’d war-axe wield, And strike proud Haco from his car ; While all around the shadowy kings Denmark’s grim ravens cowered their wings.” ( To be continued. ) ~ For the Monthly Magazine. WOMAN was lately seen begging at Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, with a little boy about five years old. From circumstances it appeared evident that the child was not her son; in conse- quence of which he was taken from her, and she sent to prison. The child has light brown hair and light eyes ; he ap- pears, from ill treatment, to have had his faculties impaired; he cannot speak quite plainly ; he seems to have had a fair complexion, but his face has by some A Child suppos:d to have been stolen. [Sept. 1; art been discoloured, and his features are much distorted by his head having been bound up to excite pity ; he already looks much better than. he did, proper care having been taken of him. He calls him- self Charles Smith, also Charles Davis, which is thought to be his real name, as the woman says her name is Catherine Smith. The child says that the woman, whom he calls the old woman, told him not to tell his name; that she rubbed his face with something black ; that she sold his fine cloaths, and put him on rags ; that he had yellow shoes, which she sold. The woman, he says, is not his mother that is in London; that he ‘has a ‘sister Peggy, who is awoman; that his mother washes clothes and keeps chickens; and that his father isin the West Indies. He. mentioned also his having a little wheel- barrow at home. Aug. 3, 1808. | [The name and ‘residence of the person from whom .we received this account, are Jeft at our publisher’s. ] EE ‘ To the Editor of the Monthly Magaeine. SIR, FYNLUL following authentic narrative of the shipwreck at Memel, in which so many valuable lives were lost, I am induced to send for insertion in your in- teresting publication. It was written by. one of the unfortunate sufferers, who was acommon sailor. The facts are detailed with so much truth and simplicity, and the account is drawn up with such feeling and judgment, that the perusal cannot fail of affecting, in the liveliest manner, every reader, and especially those, who, by the melancholy event, have to deplore the loss of a friend, a re~ lative, or acquaintance. London, Your's, &c. July, 1808. JHARs : ‘Ow the 2d of April, at 2p. m. sailed from Liebau, the wind at E. N, E. and very fine weather, the loose ice lying about 1 imiles from the shore; but we got through it without doing the least damage tu the vessel, at the rate of 2 miles an’ hour; then we got into clear water about 3p. m. with the wind at east-south- east. Little wind and fine weather on the . 4tle; at 2p. m. got sight of Oeland, bear- ing, by the compass, 10 north-west, and distance eight or nine miles; at 4p. m. got close in, and perceived the ice lying about amile from the shore. The wind was then about west-south-west, and the colonel came to me, and asked me if it’ Was “ ie bau, came and asked me what place it, ~ 1808. ] was not possible to. come to an anchor under the island? I told him, no; for the ice would drift off with the wind and cut thecables; so he asked the captain what was best to be done, and he said he would stand to the leeward till 8 o’clock, and then come back to the island; but at eivht be would not tack, and at twelve at night he would not tack, It then blew ‘agale of wind -from the west and a very ‘high sea ; the vessel made much water, and the pumps were choaked with the ballast ; by this time the water was partly over the ballast, and the sadors would not bale but very little, by which means the water gained very fast, and the wind was low at west-north-west. At twelve o’ciock on the 6th Mr. Pollen came to me, and asked me, what was best to be done; if the vessel was fit to keep sea or not? [ toid him it was impossible for the vessel to live long if the sailors did not make better use of their baling, for there was already three feet water in the hold, and it still kept gaining on us, sol told him it was best to bear away for some port in Prussia, to save the vessel and lives. Yes, says Mr, Pollen, [ think-that is the best we can do. He then went to the captain, and told him he thought it necessary that we should bear away for some harbour. To which the captain readily complied, and recommended Lie- bau. But Mr. Pollen objected to Liebau, onaccount of Mrv Bening’s coming away without a pass from Prussia. So he agreed to go to Memel; forat Pilau there was too little water, and he said he had never been at Memel in his life. So he told Mr. Pollen, if he would take the ship into Memel he would give me charge of lier as soon as we came to the bar. At twoin the morning of the 7th got sight of land about fifteen miles tu the lee- ward of Memel, and got close in ona lee shore, through the captain’s careless- 3 , g Pp ness of running so far in the dark, we hauled the ship to by the wind on the larboard tack: at four got sight of Me- mel, which the captain taking to be Lie- was. [told him it was Memel, which surprised him very much. into the cabin, and toll Colonel Pollen ITsaw Memel; he immediately came on deck full of vlee, and likewise Lord Roy- ston, and alk the other gentlemen. Mr. Pollen said to the captain, Now will you ive the mate the charge of the vessel? fic told him, Yes, he would, At five I took charge oi the vessel to carry her into Meuiel harbour ; at six came to the bar, « Narrative of the Shipwreck at Memel. I went down , 103 and the sea very high, two seamen at the helm; as soon as the captain saw the sea breaking on the bar, he was afraid, and ran directly to the helm, and put it hard-a-port, and all my striving was in vain against three of them. I begged, for God’s sake, to put the helm the other way, and save our lives, but all was in vain, for in ten minutes she was on the south sand; the third time she struck she was full of water, and a dreadful sight soon presented itself to our view, The wind was then at west-north-west, a gale of wind. There wasa wooden house oa deck. Lady Pollen aud Mrs. Barnes, and her three children, and likewise three gentlemen, a servant man, a Prussian boy, and a servant girl, got into this small place to save themselves from the sea. Colonel Pollen and I immediately began to clear the boat, and the sailors would not assist us; he soon got the small boat out, and three sailors got into her with the captain. Lord Royston would have got into the same, but I stopped him, and the captain came out again, and as soon as they got away from the ship she turned over, and the three sailors were all drowned. Then we cleared the large boat, but before we got her out she was washed away from us by the sea.. Then we could do nothing more than trust to God to send us some assistance. About 9 p. m. cut the mast to ease the: vessel, but -could not see the life-boat come out of the harbour, which gave the gentlemen a bad heart; for the sea was very high, and ,breaking right over all our heads, and it was so very cold, that it was impossible for any man to hold himself fast. Colonel Pollen asked me if the round-house, where the lady was, would stand fast. I told him it would stand as long as the bottom of the ship, and he said, That is right, we must. all hold as fast as we can, for the boat will soon behere. I then left them and went aft of the vessel, it was now about half past four, but still no boat to be seen, which we all thought long of her coming, for our situation was now dreadful to be- hold, and the vessel all under water ex- cept the round-bouse. Mr. Benney. cried out very much, but he was soon washed away, and after bim, about ten o'clock, Lord Royston, Colonel Pollen, Mr. Bai- ley, and Mr. Baker, one sailor, and the lord’s servant, were all washed away within three seas of each other, I saw the two servants washed away, and got hold of them both, but was obliged to let them go overboard, which grieved me very i very much. As for the Lord and Colonel I never saw them after I left holding fast by the round-house, when I jumped from the mizen-rigging into the round- house, and Mrs. Pollen immediately says, Smith, where, is my hushand, is he safe? I told her, Yes; he had got safe on shore in the ship’s boat, which, I believe, gave them all good spirits, in hopes he would soon be coming in: the life-boat. I did not stop here ten minutes before I went out again, and espied the life-boat coming ; it was now eleven o’clock, and all this while a most dreadful sea rolling over us. .The captain and the two sea- men were on the bowsprit, and two dead sailors beside them. The boat came close to the vessel, and, filled with water, went away. Now I thought we surely must be lost. In half an hour's time she came back to the ship again, and Captain Cope and his two sailors got into her. I went into the round-house and took Mrs. Barnes out, in hopes to get her into the boat; but alas the sea was too strong for me, for we were both washed away twice by the strength of the sea, but I always recovered her again by the help of God. As for me, I was yet too weak to help myself, so 1 got her safe back to the round house, and went out myself; but was washed away a third time, and the boat picked me out of the water. So I remember nothing more till between four and five in the evening, when I found myself on shore at Memel. I asked the people if the boat had gone off again, and they told me the captain said there was no more on board. What was his intent for that, I cannot tell. The boat went off six times that afternoon, but never could come to the ship, the wind and sea were so very high. Now here they must pass a dreadful night, the sea rolling over their heads, and the cold very severe, by which one Mr. Fock, of Hamburgh, died; about three the next morning the life-boat went off twice and came back; the third time it got to the ship, and brought back Mrs. Pollen, Mr. Halliday, Mr. Peirero, and the ser- vant of Mrs. Pollen. Now here were left on board’ Mrs. Barnes and two chil- dren, and a little Prussian boy, who be- longed to Colonel Pollen ; Mrs. Barnes’s servant girl, and her youngest child, two months old, and Mrs. Pollen’s man ser- ¥ant, assisting the girl into the boat were all washed overboard together : the girl and child were brought on shore in half an hour after, but alas, too late. Mrs. Barnes remained on board -six hours _ 104 Proper Treatment for Burns, Kc.’ [Sept. 1, longer alone, and the people in the lifes boat said they saw her and her children washed overboard, which was a false re< port. I told the commodore of the pilots she was certainly yet alive,on which Cap- tain Davison, an Englishman, jumped into the boat, and went off and brought her safe on shore, with the two children and the Prussian boy.- ————EEE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, Ix the 21st page of the last number of your Miscellany, one of your cors _ respondents enquires what is the best in- stant application in case of persons set- ting their clothes-on fire. A little spi- rits of turpentine made about milk warm, will take off all pain; I have often tried it in small burns, when it always answer- ed, but I never had an opportunity of trying it on any person much burnt, though I am informed that it was tried on a person who was very terribly burnt, who, though he died, said that he did not feel any pain. Your's, &c. Hull, August 6, 1808. W.H.D. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, N your Magazine for last month (p. 21), a Correspondent lamenting the frequent and shocking accidents by fire, asks what is the best mode of treatment in cases where medical aid cannot be im- mediately procured. The unremitting application of cloths dipped in cold wa- ter, or, in winter, of snow, beyond doubt. is the method which procures most im- mediate and effectual relief. Nothing is more cruel and absurd than the vulgar custom of applying oil, honey, &c. That which produces the speediest evapora- tion, by carrying off the heat, most spee- dily- reduces the inflammation, and of course reduces the pain: but oil or ho- ney shut the pores of the skin, aud inevi- tably increase the torment of scalds or burns. Blisters should be punctured with a needle: but the skin should on no ac- count be cut or picked off. After the inflammation and pain are gone from the use of the cold applications, they will return upon the patient’s tasting wine, spirits, or any warm or stimulating food. Laudanum may be safely used externally, where the skin is. not broken; and the patient’s miseries may be much abated ° by small doses given frequently, per- haps from three to fifteen drops, accord- ing to the age of the sufferer, every half hour, No person should~ give. larger doses } aa 1808.] doses of laudanum, without the advice of a physician, ‘The bold and indiseri- minate use of this precious but dange- yous medicine, which prevails in this coun- try, is not only pernicious, but criminal. Probably accidents by. fire are so fre- quent in this country owing to our open grates; on the continent, stoves are a preventative. There can be no doubt the present mode of forming fire-places, called Rumfording, which has many obvi- ous advantages, has been the cause of many fatal accidents. They draw so much air, that it is almost impossible a lady can pass within three feet of the grate, without having her dress sucked in. The use of wire fenders, two. feet high, ought to be ordered by Parliament. Your’s, &c. X. ~ P.S. Sprigs of wormwood Jaid amongst woollens, prevent the ravages of the moth, and have a pleasanter smell than pepper or tobacco. 056 To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. * ot SIR, : “HN the 497th page of your Magazine for July last, Mr. Westman has done ame the favour to notice my observations ‘upon that passage im Ovid’s Fable of Phaéton, wherein has long appeared to me an inconsistency, and whatever has hitherto been adduced to clear it up, I confess has not yet proved (to my mind) - Satisfactory. i .« [never had either wish or intention to enter into a formal controversy upon a matter which perhaps after all may be regarded by many merely as a poetic ii- cence, or to manifest any liypercritical propensity: my sole desire was to obtain from better stholars than myself, that de- gree of elucidation which might free one of the-most sublime poets that ever adorn- ed the bower of the Muses, from any ap- earance of absurdity; and the manner in which Mr. Westman has taken up the ) pen upon the question, is so ingenious, 60 candid, and so modest, that I feel par- ticular gratification in requesting a few moments of his attention to such argu- ments as seem to me bearing most strong- ly upon the point. ; _ Mr. W. is of opinion that “ the pre- Sent tense (in Latin) never signifies a perfect action,” and therefore that if the oet had intended to represent the river Po as actually dried up, he would have employed the perfect tense siccavit, in- stead of the present tense siccat, as it stands in the text. His quotation from Enripides is perfectly just as to the im- Montuty Mac. No. 175, Mr. Wesley, on a Passage in Ovid. © 105 | “propriety of rendering gepasveras by 7s compleated in that particular place, but this solitary instance cannot very fairky be considered authority sufficient to establish a-rule which shall always deny that an action may be said to be com. pleat in ihe present tense. The Greeks had their appropriate Paulo-post Futu- rum, expressing an action as imminent, or just about to happen... The Port Royal Grammar (Nugent’s, English translation, 2d edit. p. 94) says that this tense “ ig ‘very little used ;” but in the case Mr. W. brings forward, I should conceive that the use of it would have been peculiarly proper, had the verse admitted it, which last circumstance I am not competent to judge of, neyer having read the play whence it is quoted, Virgil is said to abound in the rheto- rical tigure hypotyposis (iaerverwers); the essence of which is ta represent to the mind of the hearer or. reader an action or person as actually present before the eyes. “Now this can never be more na- turally effected than by the use of the present tense for a past action, and L think we shall find that Virgil is continu- ally employing it in this way. When Scaliger says of Juvenal, “ ar- det, instat, apert® jugulat,” we seem to see the satirist in the act of employing fire and sword for the sudden and radical extirpation of crimes: but had he used the perfect tense arsit, insiitit, aperte jgugulasit, this (although nearer the truth, considered logically alone,) would plainly have weakened, and nearly de- stroyed the whole effect of the figure. It is of no small consequence in the present disquisition to remark, that throughout the greater part of the se- cond book of the Mneid, wherein Aneas relates the Trojan calamities, the poet uses the present tense in his descriptions of past actions, especially of such as are the most momentous and affecting. At the very commencement of the nare rative we find, Fracti bello, fatisque repulsi Ductores Danatim, tot jam Jabentibus annis, Instar montis equum, divina Palladis arte, Aidificant + sectaque intexunt abiete costas. * Z wv. 13. But when only a bare matter of fact (no otherwise interesting than as it leads to some grand event) is to be recounted, he employs the imperfect or perfect tense. Laocoon ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, Solemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad arag, P This 306 This was an action which any other sacrificing priest was equally qualitied and entitled to perform, but let us mark what immediately follows: Ecce autem gemini 3 Tenedo tranquilla per alta (Horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues -Incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad littora ten- dunt. wv. 203. Here is the beginning of a grand event, expressed by the verb in the present ‘tense, although it be the description of a past action: yet how absurd it would be to construe “ incumbunt” are stretch. ing themselves, or “tendunt,” are di- recting their course! ‘The serpents we know, atter having dispatched the mise- rable priest and his sons (long before JEneas’s narration of it to Queen Dido), had escaped to the temple for sanctuary (as many two-legged serpents have done since ;) gained a snug birth under the feet and shield of the palladiam, aud must be dead by now in all human pro- ability (which, by the way, pocts have been often privilezed to despise), so that their exploits require at least a pluperfect tense, in a chronological sense. At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt, seveque petunt Tritonidis arcem, Sub pedibusque Dew, clypeique sub orbe te- guntur. vu. 225. From what has been adduccd, I con- ceive the inference to be evident, that, although past actions, in strictness of lo- gic, require to be expressed in the past tense, yet such a law js not equally bind- - jng on poetry or declamation; and from the choice of Virgil (the Prince of Latin heroicks), it is plam that he regarded the present as amore forcible engine than the past tense, to express many events which had actually happened, or were supposed to have happened; which as to the present argunient amounts to the same. I will now produce a passage from the first book of the Eueid, in which the po- et describes phanomena that are gene- rally observable nearly at the same time (and often exactly together), by two dif- ferent tenses. Intonuére poli, & crebris micat ignibus zthe wu 90. According te Mr. Westman’s argu- ment, the word micaé ought to be chan- ged to micuit, upon the supposition that the verse would admit it, A few lines further we find Bxtemplo 4Enex solvuntur frigore membra. klere we have the present tense for 3 Use of the Present Tense for the Perfect. [Sept. I, the perfect, and it is notable, that Ovid, in the very fable that has excited this ex- amination, attributes the same action to Phaéton, placing the verb in the perfect tense. Ut vero terras despexit ab ethere summo Infelix Phaéton, penitus penitusque Palluit, & subito genua intremuére timore. vu. 179. Let us lastly observe how the begin- ning of the liquid conflagration is de- scribed:— Nec sortita loco distantes flumina ripas Tuta manent. v. 241. He then proceeds in the perfect tense of the verbs. ———Mediis Tanais fumavit in undisy Peneusque senex, Teuthranteusque Caycus, Et celer Ismenos, cum Phocaico Erymantho, Arsurusqueiterwm Xanthus, flavasque Lycormas, Quique recurvatis ludit Maander in undis, Mygdoniusque Melas, & Tenareus Eurotass¢ Arsit & Euphrates Babylonius, artit Orontes, Thermodoonque citus, Gangesque & Phasis, & Ister. In all these lines, Mr. W. (upon. his. own grounds of argument) will acknow- ledge that the rivers therein mentioned were burnt up, exsiccated, rendered wholly void of moisture, since all the verbs expressing burning are placed ip the perfect tense, Ile then goes. on in the present tense, for three lines:— ZEstuat Alphéus, ripe Sperchiades ardent ; Quodque suo Tagus amne vehit, flue ignibus aurum, Et que Mzunias celebrarant carmine ripds. wv. 250. In the next, he resumes the perfect:— Fluminez volucres medio ca/uére Caystro. The 257th line commences with Sors eadem Ismarios Hebrum cum Strymone siccat, Hesperiosque amnes, Rhenum, Rhodanumque Panumque, Cuique fuit rerum promissa potentia Tibrim. What are we to understand by son eadem 2 What was the sors alicra of the fore mer unfortunate rivers? Does it not clearly appear that they were scorched - or burnt up entirely? And by what just mode of reasoning are we to infer that these latter streams had a milder fate, merely because the verbs denoting their destruction are expressed in the present instead of the past tense? And -what is to me absolutely conclusive in deciding the entire exsiccation of them all, fol- lows in these hnes:;— Nilus 1808.] Nilus in extremum fugit perterritus orbem, Occuluitgue caput, quod adhuc latet: ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine fumine valles. vw. 254. Minellius explains “ pulverulenta” (in the note) by pulvere plenu, & “ vacant” by vacua sunt agua, exactly agreeing with my notion of the sense throughout. Tf afterall this, a sound reason can be brought to prove that poor Phaéton could possibly obtain any water for love or money, when the whole globe was in such combustible. circumstances, [ pros mise henceforth neverto open ny mouth, or write a single word more upon the subject. Your's, &c. Canden-town, SamurLt WeEsLey. August 2, 108. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SIR, AVING noticed Mr. Wesley’s ob- H servations on the quantity of Amra- nudes in page $1 of your last number, I beg leave to oller a few remarks on them. Quoting the rule Iecthlipsis est, quo- tices M cum sud vocali perimitur, pror- ima dictione a vocali exorsd, he thence concludes that “ words ending in M, must either be long before a consonant by position. or entir ely cut off and annihila- ted before a vowel.” Vhe rule, however, as I understand it, doves not say that either must necessarily happen: it only says, that “* whenezer”, or “ as often as,” the latter does happen, “ ecthlipsis est.” But this ectilipsis does not always take _place: for I have shewn, in my * Latin Prosody”, (pages 110 and 162 of the new and improved edition) that the M often remains un-elided before a vowel; in which cases, it is most commonly short; and [have'quoted the authority of Teren- tianus, to prove that the final Mis natu- rally short, at Jeast in some terminations. Respecting the name Amramys, Mr. W. thinks that “#0 one could be capable of so hideous a cacophony as to call it Am- rémus."——Vhat it is not the most har- monious combination of syllables, I readily allow: yet | cannot perceive that it is more cacophonous to shorten the ‘penultimate 4A in Amrdmus, than in Pyréimus, Orcha'mus, Lyzdd mus, Cin- numus: e. gr. Szpe, ut constiterant, hinc Thiche, Pyra’- musillinc.... (Ovid, Met. 4, 71. Rexit Achzmenias urbes pater agra os ‘ isque.... (Owid, Met. 4, 212 Lygda’mus in primis, omnis mihi causa que- BOE one = (Propertius, 4) 9) 53. Dr. Carey, on Amramides and final M. 107 Quod superest, Cizna'me, tonsor eris, (Martial, 7, 63, To which may be added* Pridmus, Per- gdmus, thaliimus, culd mus, wore 105, mrczer uss, &c. &e. There is, however, in Amramus—a whether we lengthen or shorten the pe nultima—what an ancient Roman woul have deemed “ «a hideous’ cacophony indeed, and utterly repugnant to the gee nius of the Latin language, viz. the com- bination of ALR, which, in fact, he could not have pronounced ; the Roman pro= nunciation of the JZ being materially different from ours, as I hope [ have sa- tislactorily shewn in various passages of my “ Prosody” above mentioned.—If any classic author had attempted to ins troduce the name into his page, he would have written it AR Ramus or AM Bramus, With respect to the practice of the Jesuits’, though I am tar from wishing to depreciate their learning or taste, E humbly_conceive, nevertheless, that their example is 10 authority: and, for my own part, I should not “hesitate one mo- ment to write Amrdmides, making the first three syllables a dactyl—the only form, by the way, in which that patro- nymic can at all obtain admission into hexameter or pentameter verse—~as in the following extempore distich, which I here present to the reader, merely as in- dicative of my own private opinion, not by any means as an example to be fol- lowed; for, if nrodern authority were al- lowed to have any weight in a question of thiskind, the authority of the Jesuits, on the one hand, ought by far to out- weigh mine; and, on the other, that of Arthur Johnston the psalmist (quoted in your June Magazine) would alone be amply sufficient, without the addition of my little mite in the scale, Amrd ni“des per aquas sicco pede duxerat agmen Dum sitit agmen, aquas sufficit Amra’mi’d:s. Tursus, Yours, &c. J. CAREY, Tslington, August $, 1808. ee ; To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine SIR, IJE editor of Charlotte Richardson's Poems again + intreats your indul- gence, and that of your readers, whilst she states the oceasion of her attempt- TN — —n—nh kk OoOowmlEeaSoOwoeeoS Se * I Jay no stress on the folowing pznta~ meter, which I find quoted from Pauliruses Pauper in Abrabamo, dives in igne, jacetw Because the author might have intended to make the second foot a spondee, by syne@resis, Sce ** Latin Prosody made Easy”, p- 145. et seq. + See Monthly Mag, yol. xx, p. 20°, ing 108 ing to publish by subseription a second little volume of the same writer. lt was the intention of the young woman. her- self, in conformity with the adyice of her friends, to bid adieu to the Muses, and to give the whole of her mind in future to teaching a school, She had succeeded in obtaining thirty little scholars, at five shillings per quarter, and gave so much satisfaction to the parents by her judici- ous treatment, and by the rapid improve- ment of their-children, that no doubt re- mained. of lici-success, should her health be tolerably established, of which there appeared some hope last year on her return from a visit to a friend in the country, where she had spent the summer holidays. But this flattering hope soon yauished; the close. confinement, and renewed exertions of her school brought on an ineveased return of her former ail- ment, al abscess in the side, and she was taken so extvemely ill the beginning of Janvary last, as to be wholly confined to her bed more than tive months;. and al- though now considerably better, is -yet unable to sit up longer than two or three hours at different intervals in the course of the day, But it may be objected, whatis all this to the public? Are there not many widows in Britain, whose delicacy of constitution may equally disable them from. procuring a comfortable livelihood ? Undoubtedly there may be, but the editor would ,plead, not one perhaps who with go few advantages, or rather without any oue advantage of a cultivated education, has been capable of the same measure of mental, moral, and religious, progress. Often during the last half year, have her ynedical and other friends conceived her ‘to-be at the point of death, but still was her mind ever actively employed. Un- able to read to increase her little stock of knowledge, or to beguile the tedious hours of pain and languor, she would put down fram time to time, with a pencil, in a moment of mitigated suffering, such thoughts as might have presenced them- ’ selves, whether connected with her own afflicted situation, expressive of gratitude for the kindness of her friends, or sug- gested by any thing she might hear ac- “eidentally of the events that were passfig around her, These little pieces were shown to the editor, and it was her in- tention on the death of the composer, which was then daily expected, to make a selection of them for publication, both as being highly curious and very inter- esting in themselves, and also for the be- neit of her arphan Loy, now four years Charlotte Richardson's Poems. [Sept. 1, of age. In this design it is apprehended there wouid have been no impropriety, nothing that should have been deemed obtrusive and impertinent, and she hopes therefore that it will sot be thought so now, although the life of the mother js still spared, her recovery being yet ex- tremely doubtful, and the great expence of a severe illness indefinitely prolonged, exceedingly distressing. The editor flatters herself, that many of the subscribers to the former little volume, which is now out of print, and which met with so much favour from them, and from the public, (six hundred , copies more than the number subscribed for, having been sold) will again come forward to patronize the present,** If she does not deceive herself, they will not repent of their kfndiess, beimg per= suaded that they will recognise in this second publication the same pious re- signation, the same interesting sensibi- lity, the same humility of spirit, which distinguished the first, improved by a greater variety of ideas, and expressed in more correct and appropriate language, they will clearly perceive that the in- telligent teacher cf little children, has possessed greater opportunities for the improvement of original genius, than the lowly cookmaid, educated by the frugal hand. of charity, A specimen of the intended selection will be shewn, and a subscription of five shillings opened by Messrs. Johnson, St. Panl’s Charch-yard; Hatchard, Pioe cadilly; Mawman, Poultry; and by Longman and Co, Paternoster-row. By inserting the above in the next Number of ‘your widely circulated Mas gazine, you will much oblige, York, Your's, &e. | July 28, 1808, C. Carre. ae For the Monthly Magazine. REFLECTIONS: occasioned by the PERUs SAL of a recent TREATISE ON INDIs GENCE, by p. corquuouy, Esg. Quand la nature et la raison Reglentnotre dépense 3 On ne voit jamais l’indigence Mettre le trouble 4 la maison, HE wise management of the poor is a boundless field of speculation. The first question which occurs is this: ought any legislative provision at all be made for their support?, Adam Smith, and * The former little volume was so much - liked in America, that a new edition has been printed there, professop 1808.] Reflections on the Management of the Poor. | professor Malthus, have said much to ~ discountenance the interference of the lawgiver. But in over-peopled countries the mass of indigence always becomes so great, that without the positive media- tion of the magistrate to relieve the needy, anarchy would probably ensue, and a general plunder of property would avenge a systematic niggardliness. This great truth the Romans learnt during the conspiracy of Catiline; and from that time adopted regular distri- butions of succour among the poor of Rome. Their assistance was admini- stered in kind; they gave away corn, not eash; and Cicero was made bishop, or overseer, of this public victualling. Be- sides the danger to social tranquillity, which would grow out of the uncharita- bleness of the magistrate; there is this further reason for adopting legal provi- sions. The burden of relief would fall exclusively on the benevolent; and prin- ‘cipally on the classes contiguous to the poor ; if there were no compulsory rates. Distance of rank and hardness of heart _ alike intercept the access of the needy. ___ Suppose a public: provision assented to, who are to be the payers? who the managers? Confidently one may answer: All. A poor family, renting a cottage of five pounds a year, should be assessed, in proportion to their rental, as well as _« the farmers who employ them. It is _-true this family will require to have its -whole contribution to the rates, repaid with additions during the winter season, But there is no purse-club, and of this kind is a general poors rate, where those who receive relief are excused from con- tribution. By levying rates on the poor themselves, they become interested in keeping the rates low; and then may *, safely be intrusted to apportion relief one _,among the other. | They are better f judges of the real wants of the indigent, than those all-managing justices, who are ‘insensibly encroaching on the sounder authority of elective overseers. They As cut closer in measuring the fitness of dis- _ tribution. They will enforce provident ' -habits among each other, when they ~ have severally an expectation of profiting by their neighbour’s economy. In sects » that maintain their own poor, frugality is ‘always a distinguished virtue. » A poor’s rate may be considered as a commutation for that right of the people tothe soil, which a majovity told by the _ head, in virtue of their physical strength, © can at all times arrogate.,) This commu- “ation guswers both to the pauper and Ld i . 109 to’ the proprictor: and is with entire justicé levied exclusively on the reat of fixed property: because it is an assur- ance-premium against agrapiainism ¢ it 18 a quit-rent paid to the sovereign people for a recognition of individual titles of possession. © Mr. Colquhoun, in his ‘Treatise on Indigence, (p. 18.) inequita- bly proposes to: distribute the busden of rate on capital employed to put labour in motion, which by that very office diss charges its deht to the poor’s fund. ‘But although there is no sufficient pres text for assessing to the poor’s rate those funds that employ labour; neither is there a sufficiout pretext for assessing the wazes of labour on fixed property. Yet this is habitually done in Great Britain. In vast parishes, in whole hundreds, the farmers combine to keep the wages of labour’ below their natural price, and issue out of the rates the deficient means of maintenance. The cause of this seems to be, that the poor’s rate is considered in the rent, and falls on the landlord; whereas the wages. of labour always fall on the tenant. In those districts only, where there isa numerous manufactur= ing poor, the farmers prefer duly to pay labour, and meanly to stint allowances. The landlords, though not the tenants, of Great Britain, have an interest in di- minishing the poor’s rate, and increasing the wages of labour. ‘This may be done two ways; directly, or indirectly :. by: rai- sing the money-price of toil, or by redu- cing the cost of necessary articles of sub- sistence.. This last is the better method of augménting the reward of labour. If the tax on leather were whcelly with- drawn, a, smaller portion of every man’s earnings would buy his shoesand leather- breeches, Ifthe tax on soap were with- drawn, the cost of cleanliness would be lessened. If the corn laws were with- drawn, the cost of subsistence would be habitually. smaller. Such abolitions of .taxes would speedily diminish the rates. But by increasing the wages of agricul-_ tural labour directly, a similar increase is forced upon all manufacturers. and ar- tizans, which must be, with those, re- assessed in the price of their commuodi- ties, to the prejudice both of domestic outgoings, and of foreign demand. The fundamental poor-law of thissking- dom, is the 43d of Elizabeth, of which the operation began in the year 1601, and which has outlasted, without radical changes, two entire centuries) One lead- ing principle of this law, is to grant relief to infancy and to age; but in no cireum- stances r10 stances to middle life. The middle-aged may be presumed to bave attached the patronage of some persons. of indepen- dence; and to have established in their own rank habits of interchanging petty services, which are likely to protect them from extreme distress and neglect,-with- out the formal help of the magistrate. The laws, prohibiting combinations of journeymen to obtain a rise of wages, tirst rendered necessary some allowances to middle-aged persons, during extensive stagnations of work. But for these laws, labour would be so paid as to enable the artificer to make some reserve against the weeks of contingent leisure. And were these laws again to be annihilated, the practice of allowing parish-relief only to those who are below twelve, or above sixty years of age, might without heavy hardship or injustice, be revived. By founding the power of parishes to bind out poor children apprentices; thus allowing corporate bodies to sell into a seven years slavery free-born British children; @ most pernicious and-oppres- sive system of tyranny and cruelty has resulted from the forty-third of Elizabeth. The horrible usage of English appren- tices, the villainous length of their com- pulsory servitude, the cold indifference of the justices to the future fortunes of the innocent victims of this domestic slave-trade, call aloud for reform. The first step is a law to confer on five years of servitude, all the privileges municipal and civil, which now attach to a seven ‘years servitude, ‘Fhe second is. to trans- fer to the nearest of kin, or to the god- father, or to some person hkely to be on the child’s side, and not on that of the parish, the power of resisting, or of as- senting to such contracts, on the child’s behalf. Perhaps the poor of every pavish might be encouraged to elect, triennially, some benevolent character as their ha- bitual guardian, as the father of their or- phans, and the advocate of their wants. The clergyman of the parish might com- monly merit and obtain this distinction; but wherever any other person had more of the appropriate humanities, the choice ought to be free. To have been the zeardian of the poor would be an expe-, dient preliminary grade of magistracy. Mr. Colquhoun is for employing the state about every thing, even about ap- prentices. Parliament, according to the plan in his sixth chapter, 1s to open a register-ofice for providing apprentices with masters, and masters with appren- tices, Every March, and every Septem- Reflections occasioned from the perusal of (Sept. 1, ber, all the parishes in the kingdom are to send in a list of their male and female children, with their names, ages, abilities, statures, and inclinations, specifically re- corded; uay, their very strength is to be measured by an adapted instrament, and to be inserted in the character. A board of education, situate in London, is to hand over these little innocents at its pleasure to the cotton-spinners, or tron- workers, who may apply to the minister for a reyiment of recruits.—“ Go, Jittle ones, take leave for ever of the play grounds of your childhood, and the kins- men of your parents: you are to know no relation but that which you will bear to your employer: he, who labours with- out remission, lives for the enrichment of his country.” ‘ In all this project, there is much of ° cold unkindness: and so there is in the maxim advanced elsewhere by this wri- ter, that @ penny given, is a premium to idleness ; and a penny spent, a premium to indusiry. Next follows an inquiry into the causes of indigence, of which the most prominent is certainly the profuse taxation of necessaries. The system of settlements is well attacked. The ad- vice given.to make assessments national, would treble the rates, and secure local extravagance. , Much observation is dis- played respecting the manners of the poor, This .great truth results, that, want is the cause of vice: and that vir- tue, in all classes, is usually proportioned to the regular income of wealth, Much may be done otherwise to di- minisb actual mendicity and vagrancy. Surely iia society were instituted for the encouragement of emigration, which would undertake to remove at free cost any poor persons desirous of residing at the chicftowns of our colonial establish- ments; a great number of individuals, superfluous and burdensome here, might be put in situations profitable to them- selves, and usetul to the great commu. nity of mankind. There are many dis- tricts, such as Guyana, where the most ordinary arts of life, rearing chickens, or washing linen, are attended with a pro- fuse recompense ; and where a saunter- ing negligence, which would here be ru- inous, is not punished by total misery. Mr. Colquhoun proposes, (p.73,) not amicably to transport vagrants, but to sell them by auction, like negro-slaves, to the highest bidder: the siavery to con- tinue for a term of years proportioned to the delinquency of the vagrant, It may be justifiable in obstinate cases to institute ' “ Ps - wi 1808 J. ‘institute a compulsory colonization of this deseription; but surely every facility for yoluntary emigration ought first to be given by the magistrate, before these slave-auctions are naturalized among ourselves. Indentured bond-slaves are shipped from Liverpool and Glasgow, for Canada, amd independent North- America, in considerable numbers. The emigrants purchase their passage by bind- ing themselves apprentices for seven “years to the captain of the vessel which exports them. He sells them ou iis Janding, commonly with some prolonga- tion of the agreed term of servitude; advances of money or clothes being found necessary on landing, which the emigrant can no otherwise procure. This’ growth of men for exportation is ‘not an irrational trade; but it has not hitherto been so superintended as to make all its parts unexceptionable. It deserves to be studied and refined into a virtuous occupation. How considerable is the unappropriated, unfilled, unoccu- pied portion of the earth; how desirable an undertaking it is to stock it witha British population, speaking our lan- guage, perpetuating our habits, consum- ing our manufactures, and imitating our laws! And yet, how slowly and auk- wardly we transplant colonists! Lord Selkirk is our only eminent colonizer. An early section of Mr. Colquhoun’s work, treats of instituting a board for general and intevnal police, a college of overseers, a concentration of church- wardens, a national vestry, a consolida- tion of workhouse contractors and far- mers of the poor, who, in lieu of the parishes, are to appoint local agents, This is one of the most questionable lans that can well be devised. In the ocal origin, and in the elective character of our immediate superintendants of the poor consists all their value. Ever since the vanity of government, and the busy- body spirit of idle gentlemen, has been attempting to superinduce new printed London-made regulations, instead of the established inferences of long experience; the management of the poor in the coun- try, bas been growing worse and worse. é . ® The justice reads the bouks concerning pauperty; but he is too lazy himself to undertake the organization of pretended teform ; he is too neat to visit the hovel ; _too much engaged, in shooting or at dinner, to hear the objections of the neighbourhood ; every thing is jeft to his clerk, who has all the power and none of the benevolence of his master, aud who a ey _ Mr. Colguhoun’s Treatise on Indigence. Mii is indifferent alike to the accommodation of the poor, and to the alleviation of the farmer. Yet to these clerks of the ma- gistrates, (a set of men brought’ up to copy for attornies, but too deficient in skill, or industry, or character, to be em= ployed orindentured by the profession ,)— all the objects of national commiseration are thus remedilessly to be consigned. And for what? That ministers may have a paltry appointment or two more to give away in every parish, Benevolence itself is to be professed for a job; and a petty larceny of preferment, 1s to be ex- tracted froin the poor’s box. Mr.-Colquboun appears to haye loose moral ideas, and not a correct definite knowledge of what actions are injurious, and what are indifferent to thé interesis of society. He seems to have derived his notions of right and wrong, from a pernicious, methodistical proclamation, which is frequently read at the quarter- sessions, and which enumerates various actions, wholly invocent in themselves, as proper objects of the restraint of the magistrate, such as playing at cards, or skittles, on Sundays. Even in the eye of religion this is not blameworthy; for there is no scriptural prohivition ef sneh doings: but if if were, the antasonisia should be left to the pulpit; the mawis strate is only to repress actions, which interfere with the welfare of mankind in this world. One anticipates from Mr, Colquhoun’s projected inquisitorial board of general police a further diffusion of this captious superrogatory legislation, of this prudish political puritanism. For the sake of hav= ing something to do, for the sake of pree tending to be useful, these new polices mongers will pry into every peculiarity, and meddle with every amusement of the people. A vexatious magistrate is a public curse, Westminster eroans al- ready under the frivolous but teasing ime pertinence of pedantic superstitious diss Ciplinarians. The police of the metro- polis is already curious, insulting, gloomy, and oppressive enough: without employs ing new terrets to serab the remaining pleasures out of theirskulking-holes. Ras ther let us strike out of the penal code every action, which can sately be overs looked: disband a portion of our spies, aud confer sume leisure on our punishe ers. Some years ago, in a neighhourhood which the writer of these reflections ofien Visits, a zealous justice of the peace thought fit to inteygupt certain Sunday clubs, J 12 elubs, for prayer and reading scripture, which were held at private houses, not licensed as places of worship. The same vigilant personage also interrupted the assemblayes of the boys to play at cricket on the sabbath day. What has been the consequence? The habit of frequenting ale-houses, hitherto confined to the men of his district, now extends in no incon- siderable degree to women and youths, as _ well as men, And shall such magistrates escape the reproach of being the corrupt- ers of society? © Moral intolerance is but too sure a symptom of real inhumanity of heart: and too sure a cause of bruta- izing the multitude.’ Wor is it to moral intolerance only that Mr, Colguhoun be- trays an alarming propensity, There is a passage which the frends of religious liberty should denounce as highly dan- -gerous in, us, tendency. It occurs ina chapter which respects the education of the poor... Mr, Colquhoun is for adopt. ing the chuich-catechism, and (p. 154) Sor depriving of their legal claim to pa- gochiad relief, persons who permit. their children to be reared in any other semi- nary thun where this church-catechism is taught, Thus ali the sectarian poor, if _they prefer from hereditary prejudice the ‘schools of their own denomination, and refuse offering up their children to the Moloch of the Establishment, are calmly to be suffered, in sickness or in age, to-be sturved. © It may be hoped, that not the temper of the sect, but at most oF the individual, has spoken here. Yet the general outery raised by the pamph- letecrs, who have commented Mr. Lan- caster’s plan of tuipon,. and, Mr. Whit- bread’s bill for patronizing popular edu- cation, approximates, in its bigotry of character, so nearly to this enormous effu- sion of zeal for the chureh of England, that - one-cannot well avon suspecting it to be the sentiment of a numerous and porwer- ful party in Great Britain; especially of those clerical justices who are inclucted in the commission for the peace. Ilow horrible to a pivus parent the alterna- tive of condemning his child to recite doetrines which he holds conducive to erdition, or to forfeit lis own rights on the public beneficence bac It is painful to find sentiments of so dangerous and cruel a tendency ushered into circulation by a writer so much trusted as Mr. Colquhoun, The minuter practical remarks derived from his expe- rience as & magistrate, are of incompar- ably greater "value than hts legislative ~ speculations. What,he says on licensed Rfections on the Poor-Laws. [{Sept. t, ale-houses, deserves general circulation 5 yet the interference recommended as the result would be tyrannically exces- sive. \ The discipline of a monastery ought not to be geueralized in a great political society. Tu the varjous economic details, not in the general plans and .reasonings, must -be sought the merit of theTreatise on In- digence. And certainly the mass of statistical particulars, of minute informa- tion concerning facts, appears to be con- sidevable. Is it always trust-worthy ? At page 18 occurs an assertion, that during the scarcity of 1801, the poos rates advanced in Essex, Kent, Sussex, and other counties to thirty and forty shillings in the pound on:the rack rent. Haring enquired of an Essex gen- tleman engaged in the manageuient of the poor, who is well acquainted witb the contiguous counties, no corroboration of this assertion could be obtained. Sub- sequent investigations have shaken’ in other respects iny implicit confidence. The rage for meddling and over-regu- lating, which distinguishes Sir James Stewart, and the politicasters of his school, also pervades the writings of the author of the Treatise on Indigence. Ins stead of sitting down to inquire with what laws we could dispense, he sits down to inquire what laws we eould enact: as if every new infringement of public liberty was a just object of public gratitude Like the shepherd in the fable; who to defend his flock against the wolf, kept more doys than sheep; and atlast found his lambkins: worried by his protectors : so this guardian of public eharity weuld presently-institute so many boards of agency, and boards of controul, that we should find a paltry and transient eco- nomy of rate, followed by a perpetual and heavy charge for superintendance ; and the poor seduced and ruined as bes — fore, not by their.own folly and consent,’ but by the lewdness and rapacity of their guardiaus and managers, - ——— Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, 4 : Vy HENEVER the importation of a foreign commodity experiences av ititerruption, there will be! individuals ° who will endeavour to profit by the cir- cumstance, by getting mto their hands a large quantity of the article, witholding it from the market, and circulating false- reports and erroneous statements with the view of increasing the apprehension of scarcity, and consequently of enhancing — greatl y — 1803.] greatly the current price. This was the origin of a paragraph respecting the arti- cle silk, which I presume was inadvert- ently inserted in one of your late com- mercial reports, and the incorrectness of which has been shewn by your Coventry correspondent, p. 11. As your correspondent confesses that he is unacquainted with the proportion of Indian and Italian silk consumed in this country ; and as the circulation of, facts is the best means of preventing mis- representation, | beg leave to state the - actual quantity imported into Great Bri- tain in three years, previous to the inter- ruption of the ordinary course of impor- tation, viz. In 1803—Bengal - lbs. 405,631 China - 74,538 Italianraw - 325,630 Ditto, thrown 384,764 Ibs. 1,188,563 In 1804—Bengal_—- 624,878 China - 90,362 Ttalian, raw $17,141 Ditto, thrown 449,182 Ibs. 1,481,563 ——— En 1805—Bengal - 844,659 China - 72,041 Italian, raw - 267,850 Ditto, thrown 433,272 Ibs. 1,617,822 The total quantity of raw and thrown silk exported from this country in the above years, was 265,948lbs, which, de- ducted from the above, makes the quan- tity consumed, on an average, 1,340,667 pounds per annum. Of this quantity, 667,675\bs. or one half, isthe produce of Italy, the other half is the produce of India. The East India Company have for some years past persuaded themselves that by throwing Bengal silk into organ- zine they should gradually. do away the necessity of importing organzine from "answer very well, therefore i Italy ; the deficient supply of the latter has lately induced the manufacturers to endeavour to substitute Bengal organzine in almost every article in which Italian silk was before used; but the result has been a conviction, that for some princi- palarticles Bengal silk never can be used with equal advantage to that of Italy, from an inherent deficiency in its quality. fh some articles, however, it is found to : the com- ny inerease their imports of fine silks, 607,675\bs. imported from Lialy may Mon7ury Mae, No, 175, Importations of Sitk. 113 ~ be materially reduced, and allowing for what will arrive in various ways in spite ef all prohibitions, no very great defi- ciency of the raw material of this ma- nufacture need be apprehended, I remain your's, &c. Fi Je Gre EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE specimens of early dramatic writers, lately published by Mr. Lamb, will tend to throw considerable light on the subject of English litera- ture. There is one mistake very gene- rally received, which they willbe a means of correcting, viz. that Shakspeare lived ina barbarous age. We are taught to Jook upon his works with the same kind of wonder that we should feel on finding a large city filled with all the monuments of the highest art, standing in the midst of some vast wilderness. It is supposed that he steod alone at a time when all was barrenness around; that he wasa sort of terre filius, whose mind had nei- ther birth, parentage, nor education ; that he had nothing in common with others. ‘There appears, however, to be very little truth in all this. Shakspeare was a prodigy in. himself, not with ree spect to the age inwhich helived. IFfhis faults were the faults of his timie, his beauties were so too. He did not arrive at excellence by taking a different route from his contemporaries, but by going be« yond them. He was taller and stronger than they, he saw his way more clearly before him, and he moved with far more grace and lightness, but he was cast in the samme mould with them, and trod the same‘circie of the human heart, Shake speare does not need a foil; butif he did, it should not be sought in the impassion« ed scenes of the writers of his own age, It would be difficult to select from suc- ceeding writers any passages so nearly approaching to Shakspeare in spirit, life, and the true feeling of poetry, as some of those contained in the volume I refer to, Yhere is neither much good sense nor much good-nature in these high-flown compliments to Shakspeare at the exe pence of his contemporaries. It looks very much like an attempt to indemnify ourselves for the homage we are forced to pay to him, by our contempt forall those who lived at the same time ; and as to the probability of the fact itself, it is hardly to be supposed that the largest man ever seen should be found among a nation of dwarfs. Ido not see, however, why our respect for other early writers should in- terfere with our admiration of Shak- speare, 114 peare. They are rather “ the scale by which we may ascend” to a true know- ledge of him. He still maintains his su- periority, and bears the same relation to them that St. Paul’s does to the neighbour- ing spires. Milton is, in fact, a stronger instance of great genius standing alone, unsupported by ‘kindred excellence, though he was much more indebted to other writers than Shakspeare. ’ There is scarcely any thing in the au- thors, quoted. by Mr. Lamb, which takes away from -the originality of this great man. J propose, however, to mention a few instances of similarity which have struck me. The following scene reminds the rea- der strongly of some of the most interest- ing parts of Richard the Second, and with the exception of Richard’s exclamation, “Oh! that IT were a mockery king of snow, to melt away before the sun of Bo- lingbroke,” is scarcely inferior to them. Tt is from Marlowe’s Edward the Second. Leicester.—-My Lord, why waste you thus the time away ? They stay your answer, will you yield your crown ? ° Edward,—Ah, Leicester, weigh how hardly I can brook To lose my crown and kingdom without cause 5 To give ambitious Mortimer my right, That likea mountain overwhelms my bliss, In which extreme my mind here murther’dis, But what the heay’ns appoint, I must obey. Here, take my crown ; the life of Edward too; Two kings in England cannot reign at oncem— But, stay awhile, let me be king till night, That I may gaze upon this glittering crown ; So shall my tyes receive their last content, My head the latest honour due to it, And jointly both yield up their wished right. Continue ever, thou celestial sun 3 Let never silent night possess this clime 5 Stand: still, yon watches of the element ; All times-and seasons, rest you at a stay, That Edward may be still fair England's king. But day’s bright beam doth vanish fast away, And needs must I resign my wished crown : ¥nhuman creatures ! nurs’d with tiger’s milk! Why gape you for your sovereign’s overthrow? My diadem I mean, and guiltless life. See, monsters, see, I’}1 wear my crown again. What, fear you not the fury of your king ? But, hapless Edward, thou art fondly led, They pass not for thy frowns as late they did, But seek to make a new-elected king 5 a Which fills my mind with strange despairing thoughts, / And in this torment comfort find I none, But that I feel the crown upon my head 5 And therefore let me wear it yet awhile. Messenger.—-My lord, the parliament must have present news, And therefore say, will you resign or no? Instances of similarity between ) [Sept. 1, Edward.—Ti not resign! but whilst J live be king. Traitors, be zone, and join with Mortimer. Bishop.—This answer we'll return, and so farewell. Leicester. —Call them again, my lord, and . speak them fair 5 {s\voe For if they go, the prince shall lose his right. Edward.—Call thou them back, I have no power to speak, Leicester.«My lord, the king is willing to resign, &c. ' _ The turn of thought in Vindici’s reflec tions on the scull of his dead lady is some~ thing the same as Hamlet’s, in the scene’ - with the grave-digger. Hamletsays,“ Here hung those lips which FE have kissed I know not how often; where be your jibes now? &c. Now get you to my lady’s ta- ble, and tell her, let ber paint an inch thick, to this complexion she must come; make her laugh at that.” — Vindici.—T here’s an eye, Able to tempt a great manto serve God : A pretty hanging lip, that has now forgot to dissemble, ; Methinks this mouth should make a swearer tremble. i Here’s a cheek keepsher colour, let the wind go whistle. Does every proud and self-affecting dame Camphire her face for this ?— Here might a scornful and ambitious woman Look through and through herself.—See, la~ dies, with false forms You deceive men, but cannot deceive worms. In the same play, The Revenger’s Tra- gedy, Castiza addresses her mother, who is acting a dishonourable part, in the fol, lowing manner :— I cry you mercy, lady, I mistook you ;~ Pray did you see my mother? which way went you? ; Pray God I have not lost her. There is here the same profound ex- pression of surprise, and of the overturn- ing of all confidence in our strongest cou- victions, as when Lear asks Gonerill, “Are you our daughter? Does any here know me? This is not Lear—Whio is it that can tell me whol am? For by the marks of sovereignty, of knowledge, and’ of reason, I should be false persuaded I had daughters. Your name, fair yentle- woman?” Othello affects to believe that his wife is not the same person, “TI cry you mercy, then, I took you for that cun- ning whore* of Venice, that married with Othello.” ; Say, GEES. ST SE LCE PE a * This epithet seems to have been general at the time. “* Think me a common, and most cunning whore,” Love's Sacrifice, p. 240." 2 fa > § —? A” 1808.] Inthe White Devil, by Webster, the dead body of Marcello is brought in. Cornelia, his mother, says, “ Fetch a looking-glass, see if his breath will not stain.it; or pull out some feathers from my pillow, and lay them to his lips: will you lose him for a little pains-taking ?” Like that of Lear, #1 know when one is ‘ dead, and when one lives. She’s dead as earth! Lend me a looking-glass; if that her breath will mist» or stain the stone, why then she lives. —This feather stirs, she lives,” &c, I have only met with two more instances of coincidences of expression. Helen talks of ** draw- » ing the arched brows, the hawking eye, aud curls” of Bertram “ in her heart's’ table.” Biancha in one of these plays uses the same words. “I'll write this love within the tables of my heart.” In the following passages there is so close a connection between the ideas, and the -mauner of applying them, that I cannot help thinking one of them must have been suggested by the other. I cannot however say which, as Mr. Lamb has not furnished his readers with dates, (a defect which may be supplied, in many cases, at least, im a future edition); but I should be inclined to think that Shak- speare had borrowed from, and improved .upon, Webster, as he has given a very fine and natural turn to what in Webster ' is a metaphysical conceit. The Duchess | of Malfy, just before she dies, says, “ Yet stay, heaven-gates are not so highly arch- ~ed as princes’ palaces; they that enter there must go upon their knees.” The assage in Shakspeare, which every one is acquainted with, runs thus :— £¢ See, boys! this gate Tustructs you how t’ adore the Heay’ns ; and es bows you ’ To morning’s holy office. The gates of mo- narchs Are arch"d so high, that giants may get through, “And keep their impious turbans on, without Good morrow to the Sun.” The most obvious drawback- on the in- yentive powers of Shakspeare’s muse is the Witch of Middleton. Mr. Lamb has, however, drawn the line of distinction with such strength and delicacy, and has pointed out what Shakespear has done _ with sucha full feeling of his unrivalled power over the imagination, that I can- not resist the temptation of copying out his remarks upon the subject, p. 174. “Though some resemblance may be traced between the charms im Macbeth, andthe incantations in this play, which » Shakspeare and contemporary DramaticWriters. 11s is supposed to have preceded it, this co- incidence will not detract much from the originality of Shakspeare, His witches are distinguished: from the witches of Middleton by essential differences. These are creatures, to whom man or woman plotting some dire mischief might resort for occasional consultation. Those orie ginate deeds of blood, and begin bad im= pulses to men, From the moment that their eyes first meet Macbeth’s, he is spell-bound. “ That méeting sways his destiny. Hecan never break the fasci- nation. These witches can hurt the body ; those have power over the soul, Hecate in Middleton has ason, alow buffoon: the hags of Shakspeare have neis ther child of their own, nor seem to be descended from any parent, They are foul anomalies, of whom-we know not whence they are, nor whether they have beginuing or ending. As they are with- out human passions, so they seem to be without human relations, They come with thunder and lightning, and vanish to airy music, This is all we know of them. Except Hecate, they have no names, which heightens their mysterious- ness. The names and some of the pro- perties which Middleton has given to his hags, excite smiles. The Wierd Sisters are Serious things, Their presence can- not co-exist with mirth. But in a lesser degree the witches of Middleton are fine creations. ‘Their power, too, is in some measure over the mind, They raise jars, jealousies, strifes, like a thick scurf o'er life.” In pacarTor. —————— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE suggestion of Mr. Hall in Num- ber 171, p. 401, of a plan for trans- mitting to posterity the pronunciation of words, and his appeal to your literary friends, whether the cries of the inferior animals would not constitute a standard of human enunciation, are of such an in- teresting nature as to induce me to pay attention to his inquiries. ; The philosophy of language is unques- tionably a science in esse, though not hitherto reduced into certain and distinet rules; and it is of such long standing in literature, that the learned Varro, in his Analysis of Nouns, gives an example of birds which derive their sames from their peculiar songs—De heis plereque a sucis vocibus, ut ha Upupae, (Me Cordus, Hirundo, Ulula, Bubo. De Ling. Lat. lib. 4to, . But in, order to accomplish the suggestion 116 On transmitting Sounds of Words by Cries of Animals. [Sept. 1, suggestion of Mr, H. one must outdo Varro by deducing a set of clements from the sounds of the inferior animals, I have attempted to supply this desider- atum by annexing a specimen of a coimn- plete alphabet, trusting that in case it should not be altogether unexceptionable, your numerous readers will not attribute the failure to the want of due diligence in me, but to the impracticability of the plan. A. AaQe quasi Airanme liber pater, Zigyptice apis, isthe open sound of a bull or litera taurina. B. according to Abbé de la Pluche, re- presents the cloven foot of a bull; but, since our intention is to derive an alpha- bet from sounds, we must follow Mr. Baxter, who calls it the baa lamb letter, litera ovina. R, (vide Juvenal), is the snarling or dog letter, litera canina. S; is the hissing or serpent letter, litera serpentina. K. is the monkey letter, or litera simialis. W. or Waw of the orientalists, is the cat letter, litera felina. Vide Baxter’s Reli- quiz; Vossius ; and Dom De Vaines. With an alphabet like the preceding specimen, assisted with the researches of modein philologers, and in an age when brutes are become fashionable compa- nions in the parlour, and in the bed- chamber, it would not be unreasonable _ were you, Mr. Editor, to summon a meeting of the birds and beasts, to con- stitute them into an academy of belles lettres, and to nominate our venerable ' friend Esop to be president, and one of your inquisitive Correspondents to be secretary to the institution. But though literature would thus fondly hope for a standard pronouncing-dictionary from the united labours of the baas, the moos, the cuckows, the waws, the chicks, and the bow-wows, I fear that such expecta- tion wouid be in vain; for unluckily the animal voice has been divided by gram- marians into two species, the articulate or continued conversation ; and the inar- ticulate.or confused, such as croar, cra, &c. which do not proceed from any affection of mind. See Priscian, Dio- medes, and Alcuinus. _ Your young correspondent, for I must presume he is young in philological in- quiries, is not aware of the unreasonable- ness of his suggestion, nor of the difficul- ties to which he has presented himself. T shall instance a few. It is a certain and credible fact, that all animals vary their tone and compass of voice with the season; this circumstance had been no- ticed in the song of the cuckow as early as the tune of Pliny. Hist. lib. x. c. 9. The sounds of inferior animals are different according to their species; hence, in saying such a word was barked, it would be impossible to know whether the dog was supposed to utter loof loof, bow wow, or yap yap. Different nations, in giving names to animals on account of their peculiar sounds, have widely differed :, thus, a sow in -snoaring makes a whizzing and gut- tural sound in the same breathing; the Greeks from the whizzing sound, called the sow vs, and the Britons from the guttural sound, called it Awch: in di recting any word to be pronounced swi- nish-like, posterity would be at a loss which to utter vs, hwch, or grunt. The human voice is not perfectly imi- table, for the space or small compass from one note to another is capable of producing an infinity of intervallent sounds; to copy a mode of uttérance, thus complex is above the reach of art: and it is equally impossible to select an assortment of animals capable of trans- mitting to posterity the language of man, who is a being of such peculiar dignity and amazement, As the Rev. Mr. Evans is solicitous of acquiring information respecting Dr. Goldsmith, I have to state that Dr. G. during his literary career, used to pass his summer at a farm-house at the Hythe, about one hundred yards on the IJeft from, and facing to, the Edgware road, The room in which he studied was, until lately, papered with his waste manu- scripts, his landlord resides there still, is very civil,and communicative ; and Gold- smith copied him in his ‘ Good-Natured Man.” Dr. G.. was but a very short time at Dr. Milner’s, at Peckham, and he entertained but a humble opinion of the Plagiarist of Holmes: his recollection of that distressing period is described with abhorrence in his “ Essays,” in a paper entitled, the Character of Shoolmasters, and their Treatment of Ushers. Hampstead, Your’s, &c. June 13, 1808. Joun Jones, L.L.D. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE Number of your Magazine for April, published on the first of | May, did not fall into my hands till this week, but I think the subject of inquiry A from 1808)] | from Dumbartonshire, signed J. M. so important, that I take up my pen im- mediately to communicate, through the medium of your interesting publication, such remarks and observations as I have derived from experience, or as may have been the result of diligent enquiry and careful investigation. I believe the apprehension of your worthy correspondent perfectly well founded, that a greater part, or at least a considerable number of friendly societies for the relief and support of their mem- bers in sickness and old age, ‘are esta- blished on very erroneous principles, and without due attention to the proper cal- culations for ensuring the permanency of their beneficial effects,” This could not have happened had the framers of these several institutions been acquainted ‘with, and carefully availed themselves of, the Tables of the late eminent Dr. Price, annexed by Mr. Morgan, to his great work on Reversionary Payments, pages 473, 495, and which are, I believe, founded on strict mathematical princi- ples, regulated by a careful examination of the bills of mortality for a series of years; or had they consulted any emi- nent calculator sufliciently conversant on such subjects, Mr. Morgan, above- mentioned for instance, or Mr. Frend, actuary to the Rock Assurance Society, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. Anothercause of failure has arisen from the desire of the original promoters, more benevolent perhaps than judicious and wise, to mul- tiply the number of objects desirable to be obtained, beyond what associations of this sort can possibly be equal to. J. M. is himself in danger of this error, in the society he is desirous of establishing, by the proposal of annuities for widows: for with this appendage, the necessary cal- culations would not alone be required to state the probabilities of sickness, and of the duration of life in the persons them- selves, but of the number of those they might leave behind them; their respec- tive ages on becoming widows, and the average period of their lives, and of their continuingin a state of widowhood. Now, Sir, I will not affirm that it would be an absolute impossibility to make calcula- tions which should meet all these con- tingences, but of this at least I am cer- _ tain, that the data required on which to build their foundation, would render the undertaking extremely arduous, and that ‘One single error might endanger the whole superstructure. For instance, we ~~ , Hints for the formation of Benefit Clubs. 117 will assume, that the number of widows of a society of one hundred members, is supposed to average twenty, that they would become such at the age of forty, and require an annuity each for ten years, and that the calculations are made on this supposition: now should it hap- pen that the actual number should aver« age twenty-five, their ages on becoming such thirty-five, and the term of average allowance be twelve or fifteen, instead of ten years, is it not obvious that the sum provided for the expenditure, would be perfectly inadequate, and that the institution must fail? If, however, fe- male benefit clubs were generally esta- blished under the patronage of neigh- bouring ladies, this disappointment re- specting a provision for widows would create the less pain. A correspondent who signs himself W.N. in your Magazine for May, ap~ proves of the enquiry of J. M. aud enu- merates the terms of many benefit clubs which have fallen within his observation, but professes not to meet the enquiry relative to the precise calculations on which they ought invariably to be foun- ded. A remark or two I beg leave to make. This. gentleman commends the liberality ofa benefit club, established in his neighbourhood in 1754, for their handsome present of forty pounds to- wards our soldiers in Germany, and of one hundred and fourteen pounds for building a school-house. But whilst we give unqualified praise to the spirit of benevolence and charity, which dictated these donations, we must add, that by so doing, they certainly erred against the genuine principles of their own associa= tion: according to these, they ought ra- ther to have- disposed of their surplus Tmoney in granting additional aid to the members themselves in sickness, or smalk annuities in old age, than to have diverted it to purposes, which, however ywratitying to the individuals that composed the society, were quite foreign to the objects for which it was established. Againy W. N. mentions with approbation as being a recommendation of it, that in one society with which he is acquainted, the share of a free member is transfers able; but I do not see any superior ade vantage to the member thus adinitted over those who come in by ballot, except it be, that by this means he saves his entrance-money; but this entrance-mo- ney is either necessary to the stability of the institution, or itis not; if it is, then the Hs == On the Itch and Scald'Head, and Importanceof [Sept. 3, the permission of transferring may en- danger the whole; if it is not, then why require entrance money at all? , Lhe writer of this: paper submitted a \ittle work to the public three years ago, enutied, ‘ Observations on Charity Schools, &c.” printed for J. Hatchard, Piccadilly; J. Johnson, St. Paul’s chureh- yard; and J. Mawman, Poultry; in which, Mr. Editor, your two worthy. cor- respondents would probably find some of the information of which they are in search, and particularly in chap. xxiii. on the principles essential to the stability of friendly societies, and to this she begs leave to refer them. W. N. laments, -and with reason, the circumstance so general in these societies of meeting at public houses, both as highly mjurious to their morals, and as considerably in- creasing the expence of the istitution ; and he suggests the desirableness of their being provided ii every. town, by the le- gislatuye, with a suitable place for meet- ing. This it is adinitted nyght be weil, aud would do something towards the removal of the evil; buc-if ventlemen and others of some property, and. of respect- able character, would eome forward as their avowed patrovs on this express condition, either that the meeting should not be held at a public-house, or that the room where they assembled should be paid for in some other way, than by the purchase of liquor, they would do more. Will it be objected that the general / members would not endure such a re- striction? be it admitted, that unless it were for their interest in a pecuniary, as well as in a moral view, it is,much to be feared they- would not. But if these gentlemen, as honorary inembers, were to appropriate their subscription to the formation of a separate fund, solely at their own disposal, out of which they were to pay for a room of meeting, to defray the expence of printing the rules, ‘and of pther contingences, and from which they.should from ume to time make pre- sents to worthy distressed members, vi- sited by calamities to which their own contributions to the general fund could not extend relief, they would eventually gain a degree of influence, (if the expe- rience of the honorary members of many female benefit clubs may be trusted,) which would enable them at length to carry any proposal for the general good, however opposed to the mere selfish gra- “tification of the moment. to be a first principle in these institutions, that the contributions of the general members themselves should be fully ade- i As it ought: quate to the ends proposed, there would be no use in adding those of the.honorary members to the general fund, bat a most important one in applying them. in the manner here proposed, I would further beg leave to recommend the perusal ef a sermon, preached on the first of June, 1808, before the York female benefit club, by the Rey. John Graham; sold by Rivingtons’, St. Paul’s Church-yard, and by. Hatchard, Piccadilly. By an early insertion of the above, you will greatly oblize, Your's, &c. York, Caru. Carre, Fuly 12, 1808. ; a . To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ELE proposal contained in your last Number relative to the enquiry concerning popular remedies, I perused with much satisfaction, and could not help wishing that your correspondent had gone still further, and proposed an enquiry concerning the various forms of diseases usually known by the same name}; but which neither follow the same laws, nor are curable by the same remedies, Common Sense will pevhaps say that this more properly belongs to another publi- cation. which he very aptly styles the Gazetle of the Faculty. However as the subject has been begun gn the Monthly Magazine, I shall offer an illustration of my meaning by some remarks, on two popular diseases, concluding with an old woman’s successful recipe for one of them, bl The two diseasesI refer to are the terror of every c.eanly matron in this kingdom, where more attention is paid to the personal appearance of children, than in any other part of the world. L mean the z¢ch, and the diseases vulgarly called the scald head. Ever since Dr. Mead gave a transla-_ tion of an Italian paper by Dr. Bonomo*, on the subject of the atch, it has general- ly been believed that the disease is the effect of an imsect. Yet almost every ate tempt at searching for the insect by me- dical men, has been unsuccessiul. The late Mr. Hunter, whose patience was equal to his accuracy, was so constantly, disappointed, that he at last gave up the pursuit, making up his mind that there must besome fallacy in the business. It must be admitted that the ifch is now so rarely met with among the more respect- able class of the community, as to be less an object of enquiry than heretofore, EE * See Philosophical ‘Transactions, and . Se 1803.7 and to this only can be imputed the ge- “neral ignorance of a distinction, which is ~ familiar in most other parts of the world. ~~ In Treland the flesk worm is well | known among the lower class, and among | such whose occupation obliges thein to _ associate with that class; and by these it is always distinguished from the itch. In- France ‘the ¢iron is as well known, and as generally distinguished “from la gale; and even the celebrated nosologist of that country Sauvage, describes. the two diseases in a manner, which, would lead us to suppose, that he did not con- sider them as confounded by any of his readers. The Germans have their reid- _ faus as weli as the itsch ; and formerly the _ wheal-worm was admitted into our Eng- _ Hishdietionaries. The Spaniards and Por- |- tuguese have terms appropriated to each. _ The wheal-worm has not however been _ tarked by our medical writers excepting as an extraordinary occurrence ; and pro- _ bably to this cause We are to refer the | dispute among the moderns, whether the itch is animiaicular or not; some few hay- : ing discovered an insect in a cuticular ~ disease, resembling the ifch; but all who - examined the true i/ch having been dis- appointed. Jt must be admitted that the strong dis- position to indulge the luxury which King ’ James thought too great for a subject, for | the most part confounds the appearances of these diseases in sucha manner as to rs ve any accurate distinction; and the great anxiety in every family to be _ relieved, is almost prohibitory of minute _ Sbservation. The same may perhaps be the Hy Case with seuld heads; for certain it is that * Sr many of these cases yield readily ‘ ‘to the tar ointment, yet the obstinacy 4 with which others resist all the known Temedies, should induce us, especially in all difficult cases, te examine the va- . tious appearance of cach; and this can only be done by leaving a part for a time without any dressings, and if possible, Uninterrupted by the fingers or nails of the patient. * Iwas led to these last reflections by ; tree ¥ery obstinate cases in the same family of children, which for two years ~ and a half resisted every remedy, empi- ical or gene by the regular practi- Honer, and were at last cured by a rela- on of one of the servants, who was only erred from offering her assistance soon- ; : xy the apprehension of giving offence, heing laughed at, The remedy is as follows:— + lock root scraped and put into a galley pot fresh butter; it must boil some hours by attending to Poptlar Notions and Names of Diseases. 119 the sidé of the fire, then be strained through muslid 3 and rubbed cold for some time very gently on the part, morning and night.” T have remarked that this remedy was suggested by a servant; because I am persuaded that many otliers have been applied by servants, and sometimes with ‘success, without the ‘knowledgé of the family. This could not be ea- sily done im the present instance, on account of the great attention the lady always pays tu her-children. Had it been otherwise, the remedy might hayé been used jong ‘before, and the family surgeon would have imputed the cure to his own, Such events must be reckoned among the causes of the great uncer- tainty Gf medicine, and should teach us to encourage a more free communication from persons of all classes on the subject of remedies, and even on the meaning they affix to their-apparently uncouth names of diseases. = IT need not remind your readers that the commander of a Syrian army, chamber~ lain to his king, was induced to ask the mi« raculous assistance of the God of Israel *, by the suggestion of a young female priso- ner, That afterwards he was'so indig& nant at the simplicity of the remedy pro posed, that nothing but the persuasion of his Servants could prevail upon him to make trial of -those means which were appointed instantly to relieve him froni an incurable disease. You will not think it necessary to remind me that the pre+ sent is no longer the age Gf mirdélés ;’ bet cause you must be aware that my obser vations are directed only to the ‘instrus ments by which Naaman was led to ap ply for, and to, make ‘use’ of the means by which he was restored. To? come however nearer our own times) and the © means within otr own’reach, as well as to show how completely [ have anticipa- ted the views of your Correspondent, let me transcribe a passage addressed a few months ago to the faculty. * After this shall we refuse to receive knowledge from any source? shall we forget that to the barbers we owe'the bold use of mercury—to *the Jesuits, of the Peruvian bark, which they learned of tue Indians—that an African showed us the value of quassia—that a Greek slave taught a woman the art of [noéula- tion, the blessings of which were fora time almost lost, by our fincied ini- provements, and ill directed cautions, Lastly, shall. we contrast all this~ with the manner in which a Fenner tias availed H j } j it * See 2 Kings, chap, v. , : himself i 120 himself of the neglected traditions of cow-herds, and dairy maids. Let such an example teach us, that whilst the empiric 1s always ready with his reme- dies, the pbysician’s higher department is to ascertain diseases; it is this only “that renders his knowledge progressive, that enables him to improve the facts he every where meets with, and to use with safety and advantage, what would be otherwise misapplied or neglected; such was the business of Sydenham’s life, such the lesson he has bequeathed us, “Si morbi cujuslibet historiam diligen- ten perspectam haberem parmalo reme- dium numguam non scirem adferre.”* This advice may seem fitter for the fa- culty.than the public. But my only wish is to co-operate with your well inten- tioned Correspondent. Your’s, &c. New Bridge-street, JosEPH ADAMS. August 12, 1808. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR TAKE the opportunity, through your ] widely circulated and useful miscella- ny, to point out to the public, the cruel practice of the poulterers of the metro- olis and its environs, who are generally an the habit of plucking their fowls alive —I say, alive, because it is merely for their own convenience that they slightly twist the necks of the tortured animals, which they are obliged in most cases to hold fast between their knees while plucking, to prevent their escaping and exposing their cruelty to the world ; not- withstanding which there are many I- stances of the fowls, (when placed in unpractised hands to pluck) flying upon the counter or running abont the shop in astate of nudity, before they received the coup de grace. Such things have been seen, and it is only from compas- sion to the families of the men whose hearts are hardened to these cruel prac- tices, that I forbear mentioning their names. I hope, however, that some of your readers who have proper feelings towards the brute creation, (and what sensible, humane, well-informed man, is destitute of this!) will take the trouble to investigate the matter,—not by ma- king enquiries of the tradesmen, but by endeavouring to-ascertain the fact from érsonal observation, when I am_per- suaded they will find what I have related ——_— * Morbid Poison, 4to. edition, p. S10. Cruel P ractice of Poulterers. [Sept. 1, to be perfectly correct; several poulte- rers themselves having acknowledged the truth of the accusation; and in extenua~ tion they say—that if the fowls were dead before they were plucked, this could not be done without tearing the skin, My object in this:communication is to make the matter public, and as I have not myself sufficient influence in society to prevent the practice from being continued; I sincerely hope that those who have, willinterest themselves in en- deavouring to puta stop to one so abo- minably cruel and disgraceful. Your’s, &c. Hackney, AN OLD CORRESPONDENT. August 9, 1808. ; a Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, N Dr, Farmer’s Essay on the Learn- ing of Shakspeare, there is the fol- lowing passage, —‘* Shakspeare himself hath left some translations from Ovid. The epistles, says one, of Paris and He- len give a sufficient proof of his aequain- tance with that poet; and it may be con- cluded, says another, that he was a:com- petent judge of other authors, whe wrote in the same language.” “This hath been the universal cry, from Mr, Pope himself to the criticks of yesterday. Possibly, however, the gen- tlemen will hesitate a moment, if we tell them, that Shakspeare was not the au- thor of these translations. Let them turn to a forgotten book, by Thomas Hey- wood, called Britaine’s Troy, printed by W. Jaggard in 1609; and they will find these identical epistles, § which being so pertinent to our historie, says Heywood, J thought necessarie to translate’. How then came they ascribed to Shakspeare? I will tell them that likewise. The same voluminous writer published in 1612, an Apology for Actors, and in an appendix directed to his new printer, Nic Okes, he accuses his old one, Jaggard, of taking the two epistles of Paris to Helen, and Helen to Paris, and printing them in a less volume under the name of another; but he was so much offended with Mas- ter Jaggard, * that altogether unknown to him, he had presumed to make so hold with his name’. In the same work of Heywood are all the other translations, which have been printed in the modern editions of the Poems of Shakspeare.” This passage contains an heavy charge against Shakspeare: it accuses him, not only of an attempt to impose on the pub« lic, baton his patron, Lord Southamp. ton, 1808.] ton, to whom he dedicated his “ unpo- lisht lines.” As an admirer of Shak- speare, I should be sorry to suppose my favourite poct, an impostor. I shall therefore beg some of your correspon- dents to assist in clearing up this point. This can only be done by exhibiting a comparative view of the translations in question. Britaine’s Troy is not within * ay reach, nor have I the edition of Shakspeare by Malone and Steevens, and cannot therefore refer to what these learned gentlemen have said upon the subject. I think, however, that the plan which I rccommend, is the best that can be devised either to vindicate the character of Shakspeare, or to ren- der indelible the stain which Heywood has endeavoured to fix upon it. It may perbaps appear that Heywood was the impostor himself; for if my memory does not deceive me, the Poems of Shakspeare appeared in 1609—perhiaps before the publication of ritaine’s Troy. Ovid would seem from some passages in his dramas te have been a favourite poct with Shakspeare, He probably formed an acquaintance with him at school, Nor is it unlikely that he read Terence aud Plautus at the same time. As he did not leave school before he was fifteen or sixteen, he might have formed a still more extensive acquaintance with the classic writers. Dermody was a good classical scholar at ten years of age,— and certainly Dermo:!y was not as great a genius ag Shakspeare. Nor would the baré-legged cow-boys in the county -of Kerry, in Ireland, who, when young- er, quote Horace and Virgil fluently, bear a comparison in point of talents with the author of Lear and Macbeth, Chester, Your’s, &c. July 20, 1808. YiZ. } SEE To the Editor of the Monthly Mugazine. SIR, LATELY observed a tragedy enti- tled So/yman, announced in the Eng- lish prints. As I have not yet read this tragedy, may I beg of some of your cor- respondents to inform me whether or not it be an imitation, or translation of the So- limano of Bonarelli, asplendid tragedy, of whichsome account is givenin Hist. Me- moir on Ital. Trag. p. 156. I should be happy to see translations of some other tragedies mentioned in that work, particularly those of Alfieri, and Monti. Cork, Your's, &c. - Aug. 4, 1808. R.S. _ Menruazy Mas., No. 174, Bonarell.’s Solimano, 121 To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, SUBJECT which formerly em- ployed the pens of some of the political econotnists in, France, has been lately brought forward by a Mr, Spence, in two pamphlets, the first of which is entitled, “ Britain independent of Commerce,” and seems to have en- gaged much of the public attention; and the second, which is very lately pub- lished, is entitled, “ Agriculture,” and contains a repetition of his former opi- nions, with remarks on the strictures passed on them, in the Reviews, and in a pamphlet of a Mr. Mill, entitled, “ Com- merce defended.” The questiun discussed is, “ Whether land or manufactures should be cousider- ed as the source of revenue?” It appears to me that the difficulties which present theniselves to the solution of this question are occasioned solely by the ambiguity of soime of the terms used ; and that if I can ofer a statement of the question in which this ambiguity shall be removed, I shall go near to accommodate both parties, . Mr. Spence’s second pamphlet con- tains a recapitulation of his former opi- nign (sée p. 14) in these words:— “T will here briefly recapitulate the politico-economical creed which it. was the object of my pamphlet to establish, and which I bave as yet seen:no reason to abjure, Believing then that wealth is solely created by agriculture, I set the highest value upon manufactures, as be- ing essential to transmute the wealth produced from the soil to another shape; and to the accumulation of capital as having been the great stimulus to the agricultural improvements of this coun- try, and as being still requited progres- sively to forward these improvements.” To this the Edinburgh Review (No. Xxll. p. 431) opposes Dr. Smith’s opi- nion, with which it prefesses tu agree. This opinion is, : That the real revenue of the whole so- ciety is to be estimated, not only by all the food which is consumed, but also by all the’ manufactures and commodities of all kinds that are produced during that consumption, or what ainounts near- ly to the same thing, by the value of all that each individual in the country con- sumes, which evidently consists nut only in a certain portion of food, but in-a cer- tain quantity of manufactures, and ether comimo Jities ip addition to it. - I believe, 7 122 I believe, Sir, that these two opposite qeeds may be considered as including the principal points on either side. The three stumbling-blocks in the way toa clear understanding of the questiun are three words—wealth, transmute, cré- ate. : As the former is an abstract term, compounded of several. simple ideas, it may not be easy to give a definition of it that shall be faultless: but one would have expected that those who used it would, by a proper application of It, have determined its meaning. ‘This, however, has not been done, and a defi- nition of it remains still a desideratum. With the second of the trio (trans- mute), the chief quality L perceive m it is that of being pedantic, and therefore improperly chosen by an author who pro- fesses to write for the public. Indeed, philosophers themselves may be at a loss to understand with what propriety it can be said that corn is transmuted into a house. Of these two words, however, TI only speak en passant, and shall reserve the force of my arguments for the latter word create, a misconception of which [ take to be the cause of much ink and paper being wasted. ‘e “Mr. Spence, indeed, seems sufficiently aware of this; but unlackily bas not been aware that the charge lies at his own door. He accuses the Edinburgh Re- viewers of confounding its meaning with accumulation (see p. 36), and (p. 49) he gays, “ The controversy in this, as ina thousand other cases, is chiefly to be at- tributed to the ambiguities of language. We use the words create and source in different senses.” To clear the way to a decision of this question, it may be useful, before we con- sider on what these points appear to dif fer, to ascertain in what points they must azree. The following propositions may be laid down as demonstrable :— That food is necessary to man’s sub- sistence. That it may be considered as a species of wealth. That houses, cloathing, manufactures, machinery, tools, &c. together with food, constitute the whole of wealth. That in the early ages of society, man- kind were without many of these advan- tages. That at present an abundance of them properly constitutes wealth. That without labour none of these eould be procured. And Remarks on Mr. Spence’s and Mr. Mill's [Sept.- 1, That those who labour, can procure but a small portion of them. ~ 3 I have, Sir, stated these propositions very. looscly, as the strength of my argu- ments would not be weakened should they not be found literally correct. Tru- isms may serve as landmarks, and if, in future discussions this imperfect plan should be improved, it might lead to a quicker decision. One would suppose that political eco- nomists, having so many data, or (meta- phorically speaking) so many points of departure, would soon reach the object of which they are in search: but Mons, De Quesnai, and. his coadjutors in France, first quitted the plain simple road of truth, and,-as men of talents will be fullowed even when they go astray, Messrs. Spence and Cobbet hobbled af- ter them. h Let us, if you please, Sir, try to reco- ver this misguided pair, or at least pres vent the public from following their ex ample. Let us suppose any country, England for exainple, to have contained in its earliest ages a certain number of inhabi- tants, who subsisted wholly on the pro- duce of the earth, which was cultivated ~ solely by the labour of their hands, and that at this period they had neither houses nor cloathing, nor manufactures, nor any of the conveniencies of life: in short, [ suppose them to have had no other property than the land they culti- vated, and its produce. This produce, as I shall take for granted, is a species of wealth. Thence letus transfer our views to England as it now is, and to its inha- bitants, as we at present find them, en- joying all the advantages before men- tioned. I then ask, are net all these advantages derived from the labour of men who have improved the benefits bestowed on them; and would they, without the exértion of that labour, have possessed them? On these points, would Mr, Spence . say (if I had the honour of conversing with him), but one opinion can be eater- tained: but all the materials of these manufactures are derived from the land. With food to maintain a certain number of labourers, and materials on which to work, I can command all these advan- tages; but you, with all your manufac- turing apparatus, cannot produce that food, which is necessary for the subsise tence of those labourers, and without which they cannot work. ; True, ‘ - 1808.) True, Sir, T might reply ; but by pre- senting a motive to stimulate them, I can “create that wealth—I can purchase ee “No, rejoins Mr, S. you create nothing you only change one species of Seklth into another; which operation I call transmutation, or fixation of property. ~Having ar rived at this observation, which I consider to be the error owing to which a wrong solution has been given, 1 shall beg leave to drop the supposed con- yersation with Mr. S. in order toy consi- der the meaning of the word create. * Tt is (says Mr. S. p. 42) to bring into existence matter, without the annihila- tion of other matter,” and in this he is right: but the word has a more compre- hensive meaning. To shew this, we need only appeal to every day’s usual applica- tion of it. We “create” disturbances— create uneasiness. Now, in doing this, we bring no new matter into existence ; but Mr. S, will say this is the metaphori i- cal use of it, with which we have nothing to do. Let us then appeal to authority—let us consult Dr. Johnson :— Create (creo, Latin), to cause, to exist. 2. To produce, to cause, to be the oc- casion of, 5. To give any new qualities, to put any thing in a new state. If therefore I build a house, and by offering it to sale can present an induce- ment to the cultivators of land to increase their efforts, in order to procure an addi- tional quantity of corn (which additional quantity, please to observe, would not have been produced without such induce- ment), may it not be said that [am the occasion of the production of such pro- «luce—in other words, create it. Stimulate is sometimes synonymous with create. To stimulate is to produce an effect—an effect must have a cause, and what causes aneffect may be said to create it. Tf there is any truth in these oliserva- “tions, how much to be lamented is it, that words, on which knowledge depends, should be used so inaccurately ! As, however, Mr: S. may not readily see any advantage in the example I have eg and may be of opinion that is own reasonings and illustrations are more convincing, I sball examine into one passage, where | think I discover an ; error; which, as well as the improper se of the word create,-may have misled im, (P. 36.)--He says, “ Controversy can Opinion relative to the Source of Revenue. 123 exist only with respect to that small part of the revenue of the manufacturers and unproductive classes consisting of the dit ference in value between manufactured - articles in. their manufactured and. raw © state. Now to me it appears a reason quite sufficient to induce us to regard this portion of their revenue as a transfer, merely; that in conv erting this raw nae manufactured produce, food, which has been derived from the soil, has been con-' - sumed, and that the additional value con- ferred is_only equal to that of the food expended.” How can Mr, S, shew that the addi-_ tional value conferred on manufactured articles is only equal to the food expend- ed, when he himself allows that manu- factures serve to stimulate to agricultural pursuits. If they stimulate to increased efforts, this stimulus can only arise from the additional value they possess. Were I not unwilling to fill your pages unnecessarily; I might. amuse your read- ers with some of Mr. Spence’s similes. Paracelsus transmuting bushels of sand into grains of gold (p. 51.); the rain water collected without a cistern; the farmer who turns a lean ox upon rich pasture; prove nothing, illustrate nothing, but the author’s wit, which, on the pree sent subject, might have been Spared, (P. 53.)—“ If a land-proprietor chose to give Madame Catalani one hundred quarters of wheat for singing an Italian air, it wonld be ridiculous to assert that the real value of this wheat was merely the song. Its real intrinsic value would be all the enjoyments for which Madame Catalani could exchange it.” Yes, Mr. Spence, the price paid forthe wheat by Madame Catalani to those who gave it, was certainly the song, call it va- lue received, or not; wheat that was given isa separate con- 8 but the value of the - sideration, and ought not to have Beet, thus confounded. Let me, before I conclude, congratu- late Mr. Spence on the very severe, yet deserved rebuke he las given his oppo- nent Mr. Mill, who,-not satisfied with Mr. Spence’s definition of. wealth, would fain make'a better.—(See p. 27.) However dogmatical some .of my ob- servations may appear, I-would not wish to be considered as deciding on a. subject which has divided the opinions.of persons’ of abilities. Please to consider them as enquiries, and allow me to subscribe my- self, An Enquirer, ‘ To 124° Mistake relative to the late Marquis of Exeter. (Sept. 1, Vo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, W WAVING observed, a few months | ago, an anecdote relative to the late Marquis of Exeter, from an Account of an Excursion to the Highlands, in which the author is grossly mistaken, I beg leave, from my own personal ac- quaintance _ with that worthy deceased nobleman for years, during his retire- gnent, to clear up this subject. That he retired from his seat at Handbury-hall, in Worcestershire, to the little village of Bolas, in Shropshire, about eight miles from Newport, and twelve from Shrews- bury, under the feigned appellation of Jones, about the year 1790, is most true; though that he ever gambled away a/d his fortune, and suffered the affliction in con- sequence of the divorce from his first lady, which Mr. Mawman imputes to him, is, in a great measure, from his ha- bitual cheerfulness and serenity during those years, liable to much doubt. To some, who were most intimate with him, he often observed, he never was more comfortable, nor enjoyed bis health so well as he did during that period; both which circumstances were totally incom- patible with a life of regret and vexation, After residing afew mouths as a boarder at the house of Mr. H s, a farmer at Bolas, the father of the young woman whom he soon after married, he pur- chased seven acres of land on Bolas com- mon, from the Rev. Creswell Tayleur, of Meeson; and. there built a smal! brick house, which a little before the demise of his late uncle, he enlarged and adorned with two small wings. . It now goes un, der the name of Burghley Villa, is the property of Mrs. Tayleur, the relict of the late Creswell Tayleur, or rather one of her children, his godson, to whom he bequeathed both house and land; andis altogether at present a very comfortable habitation, with the other convenient buildings attached to it, for a person of about a thousand pounds a year. The late Rev. T—~ H ,of W..U. amusing himself about that time in brick- making, Mr. Jones, to be more classically correct, purchased some of the’ first bricks that composed it of this gentle- man; but however retired this worthy manimight have appeared to the people of Shropshire, be was not so, be assured, to hig connections pf Handbury and Burghley ; ong af the stewards of the for- mer, whom] once saw at his house, be- ing oceasiouaily with him. The circum- ., igtanee that brings it more particularly to / my recollection was Mr. Jones’s obsers vation to me, that he was an old man, who possessed a great deal of humour, That his lordship, in the course of this time, was the subject of much conversa~ tion, is likewise true, many endeavouring, as is usual in these cases, to evinoe the superiority of their sagacity by the supe rior severity of their remarks; but*so far was he at any time from divulging a tittle about himself to any one, that the rude enquiries of a certain gentleman farmer, now deceased, who called aloud to him, in a convivial party, to declare who he was, what he was, and from whence he came, were evaded by him with the ut- most pleasantry and good humour. Though his conversation abounded with the ine formation and good manners of a gentle- man, with remarks on medicine and na- tural philosophy, I do not recollect that it did at any time take a classical turn, as the Tourist insinuates, though I have fre~ quently dined in his company at the ta- ble of one of these gentlemen; and that neither of them (the only clergymen near him) ever discovered his real rank at all, will be evident to you, Sir, from the fol- lowing facts. Upon the birth of his first son, who soon after died, after he settled on the common, two or three of his friends roasting a sheep, in celebration of that event, the Rev. Mr. T. and his fa mily at Meeson expressed their surprise that so much rejoicing should be made. for the birth of a child of a mere private man, as Mr. J. appeared to be; and when he came to his tide, ‘so little idea had the other reverend gentleman of it, that the marquis himself was the first who informed him by a letter, which I saw, of that event. Now, if this noble- man had divulged the secret of his con- dition to either of these gentlemen, it is impossible that the first of them should have betrayed the surprize that he did upon the rejoicing made for the birth of his child; neither would it have been re- quisite for him to unfold the mystery to the second, as he did, by letter, Had his Jordship been as incautious as Mr, M. informs us he was, it would most pro- bably have defeated the end of his retire- ment; and while it eucouraged the visits of the great and opulent to a litle cot- tage, where he could uot have had the means of entertaining them as he wished, it would have prevented the diffident of the former little circle, from whom he re- eeived most satisfaction, from associating with him as they had been accustomedtq . do. Jam the more anxious to clear up thig 1808.] this point, as it will vindicate his lord- ship's wisdom and good sense from an act of gross imprudence, which would better become a rash young man and a commoner, than one then at the zenith of life, as well nearly as’ of fortune and title. What was the marquis’s confi- dence in the Rev. C. Tayleur, I really cannot say; but asto our merry friend the brick-maker, he would as readily - have trusted water to a sieve, or a mitre . to his head, as a secret to'his care and confidence. Was it not also natural to oceur to a mind of his superior experi- ence, that if he divulged a secret of this kind, considering the simple and frugal _ style in which he lived, and the severity with which strangers usually judge one another, that neither of the parsons, though we are told of the extraordinary shrewdness of one of them, would have believed him? ‘The reverend gentleman would, Lam afraid, hke Thomas of Didi- mus, in this case, have gone diametrically opposite to the fact: the pride predomi- nant in most, seldom believing the best till itis absolutely obliged to do so, by the omnipotent experience of truth. But what more particularly puts it out of all doubt was his observation, at Burgh- ley, soon after he came to his title, be- fore his first chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Ca- rey, and myself, that be was surprized the people of Shropshire, notwithstand- + ing his desire of being unknown, were so long in unveiling his real rank and con- dition. The rest of the anecdote bears much the same character for error and ‘truth as the foregoing. In respect to his shocking the feelings of his wife with the sudden disclosure of her new rank, for- tune, and situation, a circumstance so foreign to the general conduct of this de- licate and considerate nobleman, I am happy to inform you it is equally a mis- take. His wife, long before his uncle’s death, or even last illness, was introduced to him at Burghley; so that if he then hinted any thiog to her on the subject, it was far more natural and _ proper. Though I am clearly of Mr. Mawman’s opinion, that great and sudden elevations do not always contribute to our happi- ness, yet I have every reason to believe, _ from his lordship’s kind and unremitted “attention to her, that Lady Exeter felt nothing of the unhappiness he mentions. + TfL had not myself been a witness of this, I should not presume to vouch for it; and that her death was not. ocea- “sioned, or even accelerated, by the stare pf her mind, is evident to those acquaint Meteor discovered by Mr. Lofft. 125 ed with the fact, that she expired purely in consequence of the illness attendant on the birth of her last child, which was just three weeks after delivery. Such, Sir, are the fiels whicli a long and intimate acquaintance with the de- ceased marquis and his lady, previous to ~ his coming to his title, and since, have enabled me to place in opposition to the naked suppositions of the Tourist; and, though it is not as easy to contradict anecdotes as compose them, yet a natural love of truth, as well as a sincere venerae tion for the memory of the deceased mar- quis, to whom I owe much, will I trust, excuse this humble effert of my pen. Yous, &c. TQ, Nore of the Entror.—We think it pro- per to state, that on the death of the late marchioness we received an account of ber history, which we then thought marvellous, and we judged it to be our duty to submit it to the marquis through a friend, before we printed it. He received it with kindness, and politely returned the article, which ape peared in our obituary. eee Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SBR, BEAUTIFUL meteor has been observed by me at ten this even- ing. I was looking at the moon, then just in the horizon, with a pocket achrometer of * Dollond. My attention was called off by a starry light, which must have been very strong, as the distance of the object’ which produced it was near 90° (or at right angles) from that point of the hori- zon which f was then observing. I turn- ed round, and saw the object whence the light had proceeded. It was the most in- tensely blue light I have ever seen of any celestial object. It was, I think, cer- tainly not less than 2' or 24/ in diameter, perfectly round, and well defined, at aw altitude of about 28°. It descended slowly and equably in an oblique direc- tion westward and S$. W. In approach. ing the horizon, it became sensibly incur- vated, and agam changed its direc- tion. The curve, as near as I can describe, was thus, and the undulating appearance in the change of direction beautiful and unusual ;— O It 126 Tt had no scintillation, no appearance of train; no change, sensibly, of light, figure, or apparent diameter. I saw it tor about five oy six seconds, and then jost it at some height above the horizon. When it disappeared, it was considerably 5S. of the W, Air damp. Sky hazy. I have seen two or three meteors, which very much exceeded this in appa- rent diameter, one of them more than ten times; but none of which the brightness has been more beautifully vivid. Sc..5 T.=2! of a degree. Its proportion to the enlightened part of the )}’s disc is pretty accurately ex- pressed in the annexed fhgures. Its dise being so perfectly circular, and the uniformity and blueness of its intense hght, are the most remarkable circum- stances. The western or preceding part of its disk was most blue. The white a pure and very strong white, Indeed, when an object seen under so small an angle could make such an im- pression on the retina of one then look- ing at the moon, it is sufficiently evident how luminous it must have been. From the time of my being sensible of the light, 1t must have been two or three se- conds before I saw the object. The air has been in a very electric state for several days. I have just been looking at 22, who, I am confirmed, is inferior in brightness, and I thinkin apparent magnitude. Assigning it the lowest height any way probable, fifty miles from the earth, when first seen, its velocity, I think, must have been one-half that of a cannon ball at the moment of discharge; consequent- ly 240 miles an hour, at least: and [ ¢an- not think it less than 4; of aimile in di- ameter. ~ T have examined its supposed altitude by the positions of the stars near which it was seen, and find it right. At the in- stant when observed, it was beyond Cor Caroli, and a little below it, and passed under Arcturus. When its light caused Impolicy of the Pursuit of Conguests [Sept: Ih me to look for it, I apprehend it was not much west of the north. ~ The circumstances shew that this me- teor was no projectile from the moon; at least at the time of its appearance, — The D was very dichotomous, being within a few'hours of her first quarter, Its relative position to the moon is not meaut to be indicated in the sketch, for it disappeared much west of the moon, — which set considerably southward. It will ‘not seem. surprizing that so small a diameter should give light suffi- cient to strike the eye so forcibly, when it is recollected that Venus frequently casts a shadow, and is sometimes seen im the full day. I believe, however, I have under, rather than over,rated itsapparent — diameter. Your’s, &c. Troston, July 29, 1808. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, OUR Correspondents in general are under an obligation to Mr. Boileau, for the curious extract from Southey’s letters, on the subject of removing the Portuguese government to the Brazils. Tt appears then, that the plan, and a most rational and public-spirited one, it truly Carpet Lorrt. | is, originated in the expanded mind of a — real statesman, upwards of a century ago. T have no reason to doubt the liberality of thinking and patriotism of your Corre- spondent Mr, Boileau, but lapprehend he has yet not paid that attention it merits, to the following noble and enlightened sentiment of the old Portuguese secretary ; — a sentiment indeed, which would out- shine letters of gold.— Thus should Brazil become the port of the world, The Europeans would come there for goid, and silver, and jewels, and whatever productions might be raised; nor when the ports were opened to them, would — they ever think of conquering the coun- — trys : The ground of my ajprehension lies in the nature of the position of Boileau (p. 126 Mag. for March) he says,“ the superior force of the Portuguese power — in South America, backed by the naval strength of the British empire, will enable 4 it to annoy the French and the Spanish possessions in that quarter of the globe, and on that foundation, which is the only — secure one in politics, it will find its safety. In Europe, it was at the mercy of its — neighbours; in America, its neighbours willbe at its mercy.” If ~ 1808.] ‘ If they were not unfounded in just “theory, experience, fatal experience, I ‘think, has but too amply demonstrated, the folly or rather insanity of expectations of success to be derived from sources like these. But how long are measures of tonquest and blood and devastation to be preferred, inthis infatuated country, - founding yet its wealth and independence aud glory on commercial pursuits, to the _ just, beneficent,and peaceable,intercourse between nation and nation? Are we to be hood-winked by the senseless and bar- barian sophistry of natural enmity, until we plunge blindfold and headlong, into that gulph, in which must be buried, per- haps for ever, our independence, as a - people. ill it never occur to our poli- - fticians, that all our interested, as well as Reegarmtle ends, will, be most surely answered, both in Europe and in all parts of the world, by peace and an amicable _ commercial iniercourse with France. Such, beyond all question, will also be ‘the only secure mode of conduct to be _ adopted by the new Brazilian government, and such, we may assure ourselves, will ‘be adopted on the first occasion which | presents. Nor has the Prince Regentscru- pled to avow this in his declaration 3 leaving Lisbon; as well as-his strong > ong to havemade his peace with France, had that been in his power. Indeed he i peered bat too well aware that Brazil, ; } wever distant, might not prove to his "government a refuge against the gigantic and all-grasping power of Napoleon. ~ . The endeavour to infuse notions of the ‘“Siperior power of the Portuguese in South America, and that backed by Bri- _tish naval force the new government may ‘Set up for conquerors, is a most cruel, and _ Wiay prove a most fatal, delusions. Even | if the native Brazilians would come into - such views, which is highly improbable, | from their known character and bias to- _ wards France, let the present state of Spa- nish America be well considered; with Liniers at the head of its military force, and farther, that Napoleon could ata very short notice, send thither a staff of ficers, of that qualification, which has ‘too generally turned the scale in military aus, and at no very great distance of e, both troops and shipping. | Far from the Portuguese government having 1 its power to annoy the Spanish pro- iinces, it is extremely probable, the court ' Brazil would be unable to defend its ‘in such a contest. Suppose’ we id send ten or even twenty thousand » to the assistance of Brazil, past by the New, Brazilian Government, 127 events do not authorize us to depend on success. therefrom. We have already ruined too many nations, impelled by their unlucky stars to confide in our de- fence. Should a war really commence between the Spaniards and Portuguese, in South America, and Brazil have the for- . tune to’ be conquered, it would be a miserabie aud barren satisfaction to us, to be enabled a while to blockade its- ports. If we possess any sympathetic feelings, surely they would be excited by the recollection of having twice ruined our unfortunate ally! With respect.to his first ruin, the occa~ sion of his emigration to Brazil, it being bloodless, [ think humanity itself’ cannot regret it. The court of Portugal has left a narrow and precarious sovereignty in a country periodically subject to that most dreadful scourge of humanity, the tremendous earthquake, for one of the richest, most fertile, and extensive, em- pires of the earth, where, with political prudence, it may be independent and truly great. The mother country too will be highly Lenefited by the change ia the improvements, which nothing less powerful than the military and moral des- potism of France could effect in a super= stitious, degraded, and lost people. The late proclamation of the-French General Junot, now governor of Portugal, breathes the most enliyhtened sentiments, and might be a model for the adoption of a most free government. I write this, Sir, [ trust, in the trae spirit of that general impartiality and freedom which becomes an Englishman ; and with an old attachment to the Monthly Magazine, the depository of just and sound principles, remain Sir, Your’s, &e. j March, 14, 1808. Qur Quonpam. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SH... I HAVE a desire to take up a column of your valuable and extensively cir. culated Miscellany, on the subject of the Literary Fund, I may perhaps thereby obtain some information, perhaps furnish some. It may be proper to observe, that my attention was directed towards the Lites rary Fund, as a fit object of subscription, some years since, by a noble lord, now no mare. Enquiries, however, did not prove altogether satisfactory to me; and to say the truth, I felt extreme disgust at a pase sage which J observed, in the pamphlet published by the Society, * oe The 128 The fund, at this period, is indeed, in little need of the aid of subscribers, for it seems rather in danger of becoming a rich and powerful society, endowed with x patronage, which may be fatal to the interests, in other words, to the freedom of literature. Let those who feel any concern on the subject, judge. Added to the English subscriptions, the fund has drawn ample sums from India, and has still larger in expectation; His R. H. the Prince has given a freehold house, and a gentleman has lately bequeathed a consi- derable fortune. ‘The society’s funded capital must be considerable, and as, if wy information be correct, the distribu- tion of their bounty, is most studiously and systematically, economical, and ac- cumulation the chief object; compound interest must, in the course of a few years, produce great effects. In a. view of this subject, it farther ought not to be omitted, that during Mr, Addington’s administration, which seemed not to neglect any possible aid to be de- rived from the press, it appeared in va- rious public prints, thatthe Literary Fund was to be taken under the especial pro- tection of his Majesty, and that it was to be enabled to grant annuities, .and to be invested with, I know not what privileges. ' The subscribers to an institution of this kind, will do well to reflect, not only on the probable consequences of wealth and power, namely, whether they give their bounty to the wants of the existing race of authors, or to those of the next, or to which of the future generations, The laying out of asurplusindeed, to good use, would surely be meritorious ; but if to fa- your such end, the meritorious authors of the present time, who in fact have a real property in the fund, must be neglected, the former would be an improper and un- just application of the money. In the interim, are there no literary gentlemen in England, in needy, or distressed, cir- cumstances, who may, or do pretend to a fair claim! Are all authors rich now, and is the speculation just and rational, that their successors are to be the reverse, since such ample provision is making for them? Sorry Tam, that my experience does not confirm this, and that men within my knowledge, whose educated talents and useful labours I hold in veneration, are at no rate in those circumstances in which every trae son of liberality would wish them, ‘There is also a most neces- sary caution on the case of accumulating funds or capitals, originally dedicated to On the Management of the Literary Fund. [Sept. 1, any particular purpose. In the course of time, they usually become diverted, from their original, to very different pur- . poses. ‘The first managers and trustees find themselves in warm and comfort- able births. Their successors progres- sively increase their comforts, until, with the lapse of time, the lawful purposes of the estate have also lapsed from the public remembrance, and it becomes the actual property of the lawful succession of managers. Who does not see, the de plorable case of the poor, in these obser- vations, who have been invariably robbed ~ and swindled out of their inheritance be- queathed to them by weak, but benevo- lent men? And in a country boasting of — the equality and excellence of its laws! surely some British patriot will start up, and gain immortal honour by an attempt to avenge the cause of the poor, oppressed, and trodden under foot, in all umes. No- body, however, need suppose that I am levelling observations of this kind at the Literary Fund, to whichthey are so totally inapplicable ; or that I suppose, the gen- tlemen who.act under that: institution, take more to themselves than is warranted by the strictest justice. All I mean to in- culcate, is the necessity of a popular su-— perintendance, so to express myself, of public trusts; and the extreme caution which ought to be used, lest such trusts become the property, as being under the arbitrary management, of a succession of Juntos. The magnificent picture of the gene- rosity of the fund, blazoned forth in glows ing poetic strains, in the Society’s book, and in their newspaper accounts, I must own, always struck me with admiration of “ seeking the author in his lonely shade, when by all deserted, raise ing his bright hopes and stimulating him to fame.” I was never more convinced, how little it is the business of poetry, to deal in realities, which indeed would mar- its legitimate effect, and reduce it to the level of plain prose. And thus does Mr. F—fully establish his claim to the in- spiration of true poetry. When the Fund descends to plain prose, how quickly the illusion vanishes, We have been in- formed by one of the newspapers, which appears to have had the most authentic account of late proceedings, that the ma~ nagers of the fund find the advantage of distributing small sums: an advantage indeed which cannot be doubted, granting the money subscribed, to be intended chiefly for posterity. But surely these cannot : < 7”: 808.] _ Remarks on the Titles cannot be a more palpable burlesque, than for a company revelling over the pleasures of the table, and amidst a_pro- fusion of wine, and sing-song, soft, en- chanting, adulatory verse, to wipe their mouths with a delicate handkerchief, and to congratulate themselves on the wondrous generosity of dispensing two! three! and five guinea bounties, to men with feelings and education, perhaps tor- mer habits, similar to their own; men, some of whom may have sacrificed time, health, every thing held most valuable in life, to the irresistible desire of the acqui- sition and propagation of that knowledge, of such inestimable benefit to the human race. There need be no wonder at the frequent remark, that literary men, who can. condescend to expose themselves to scrutinies and enquiries, not always conducted with the utmost delicacy or ¢aution, and to the hazaril of refusal after all, must bein a state of acute distress in- deed; in which, a few guincas must bea miserable and tantalizing — alleviation. Some years ago, I have heard, these small sums were accepted with dissatisfaction, but the poverty of the fund in those days, was certainly a fair apology—a far better than one which is reported to have been made since. On a certain day, no appli- _ cant could be relieved, because the ma- nager had that day purchased too large a sum,.of three per cent ‘consols! In fine, the hint in the Society’s book, of the pre- ference to be given to the supporters of. _ religion, and the caveat against the au- thors of impious works, are too much in the narrow language of party, and more adapted to bigotted Anti-Jacobins, than toa liberal and enlightened Society, whose grand object ought to be the discovery and propagation of truth, which alone is utility. For the honour of the country it is to be lamented, that sentiments of this degrading nature have been acted Be, In the name of all that is just, and -ail that relates to commonsense, is a inan’s honour, his character, worth, utility, to fe measured and decided upon, by the de- ees of his belief in histories, which de- Scribe transactions, two or three thousand : eat! Is this country, with such . 1 - ‘ ’ ’ 4 . , ¢ “- og de igh pretensions to light and liberty, to ‘the lastin Europe to quit such ahomi- Mable and cruel follies? _ Ttrast, Sir, you will give insertion this, at a crisis when the need of “B Literary Fund, upon the broadest ig a of liberality, niust be more than ever apparent. You ‘have. alreaily nounced, in your Magazine, the em- _ Monrary Mac., No, 175, s. and Pretensions of Reviews. 129. bargo upon literature. Nor will the so- ciety itself, composed as it is of so many persons of high celebrity, be displeased at any remarks tending to its real im- provement. Your's, &c. May 7, 1808. M. P. P.S. I ought to have stated that a consider- able number of subscribers to the Literary Fund have of late, more especially, taken up the subject above discussed, in the same point of view. EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HERE are no books, which have so amply contributed to make smat- terers in Literature, and pettit maitres in Science, as the Reviews: as how- ever the lover of humour derives more pleasure from provoking persons of consequence, especially if they are not fit subjects of attack; I trust that the propriety of this principle, and the co- gency of the reason, will induce you to insert my eulogy upon the titles of the reviews. I shall prove that they, who profess to be the arbiters of Taste, are no less singular than ingenious in the de- nominations of their pretensions. The first was the Monthly Review composed by impartial writers. This term Monthly is a very ingenious title, conveying the important information, in the form of ap advertisement, that it appeared once a month. Indeed! they would have styled it the Intermittent- Re- view, but did not because it was*meant to imply further, that it followed the progress of the moon aad the term inonth- ly was used, lest any wicked wag should style itthe dunatick review, because it got an ill yame for presuming to wish certain insane changes in the church and:state. The next ‘is the Critical Review, meaning that it i$ a critical period with these writers, to know what to say about the works before them. There js an anecdote, that it was once intended to eallit the Scrutch-head Review, but that a doctor, who had a large stock of nard words supplied the criticalterm. Though they astonished Gray by mistaking the jidés e@olice of the classics for a modern aolian harp, we know that infallbility has ceased with the downfal of popery, and all good protestants: have the privie lege of error, without censure. How- ever, thisis a good review, and what es- tablishes the merit of reviews in public opinion, the writers go to church, in the free constitution of England, dissenters have no right to be authors, or t ne any 130 Remarks on the Titles and Pretensions of Reviews. [Sept. 1, any thing else I know of; and as the Monthly Review was reputed to be the work of some of their parsons, it gave birth, notwithstanding its merit, to ~ ‘The British Critic, 1.e. the Welsh Cri- tic; this being in opposition tothe Month- ly Review, by clergymen of the esta- blishment, the authors, from vanity, thought it fit to inform the public, that they were Wels critics, or in other words, those divines of the regular church, who emigrated from the Principality, to undertake the office of recruiting ser- jeants for the church of England. Others affirm, that they stole tlie title from the British blacking-ball, and other noted inventions. There cannot be the smallest doubt, but, that the policy and measures of that renowned Machiavel Archbishop Laud, and the conduct of a review upon such principles as confine ats circulation to the strictly orthodox, must be constantly in the way of making mew converts to the church of England, and that, if a book of merit be written by persons of opposite tenets to the wri- ters, the most conscientious clergymen and gentlemen of the nicest honour, may coolly affirm not untruths, but opposite opinions to the evidence of facts, &c. &c.; and that without any de- ception of the public.—I wish them well with Sir I. B. Burgess’s port. Good feasting there! Then followed the English Review. This was taken from the English Dictionary, &c. and was intended to inform the public, that the authors did not meddle with the learned languages, which were out of their sphere: but that they confined themselves to spelling books, and works in the vernacular lan- guage, such as the public might believe that they did understand. The London Review was another ephe- meron, and the title meant to say, that the authors were cocknies, or that it was adapted to the habits and knowledge of that double-u-veifying race: the writers not meddling with agriculture, gardening, horsemanship, or works of that kind, un- intelligible within the sound of Bow-bells. Next arose the Anti-jacobin Review. ‘This title at first made me scratch my head, it was so riddleish. At last I got it. Jack of the bin is only another term for Jack of the box, an. ingenious toy among the children, where you draw out ‘a lid and up rises Jack. The title there- «fore meant to say, that whenever, the democrat Jack of the Bin jumped up, the cunning anti Jack of the Bin, got up and knocked him down, Soon after came the Dnperial Review, by a society of gentlemen; surely it ought to have been by a society of emperors / Bat no, the world would have thought, they had got Buonaparte among them, and they might have been taken up. The fact is however not yet known to the public, concerning this appellation. Imperials, then, are those packing cases, which are fastened to the roof of a tra- velling carriage; and the authors being trunk-makers, descendants of the old one, also a reviewer of play-house celebrity, they assumed that title of gentiemen, which courtesy deals out so kindly to all ranks, I call upon the imperial review- ers to prove that they have actually loun- ged in Bond-street. Next comes the Eclectic Review, hor- ribly cacophonous. First philosophers, then heretics, says Dr. Mosheim, were the said eclectics: now they are review- ers; quere, if Philosopho-keretics, as many devout and well-meaning elderly ladies take most reviewers to be. ‘Their’ place is to ecleet the beauties of literature, and very amiable and feeling gentlemen they are, in this process of eclecting, abounding in interjections and apostro- phes of delight. There is this singula- rity in these reviewers, that though they puff, they never puff (and blow besides) with great fatigue. What the Oxford Review meant, I know not; that town, like many others, only sending members to parliament ; and universities now a days, not meaning a place of learning but only U,N, I, V,E,R,S,1, T, Y. “We write reviews! (says a gentleman commoner) ;—no, no, we ride to reviews. What can the nan mean by writing reviews?” Last comes the leviathan, the Edin- burgh Review, properly seasoned it is to be hoped with musk, before its arrival in town, from that dreadful region, whose only privies and vocative cases beth carent. To the honour of modern Scotland, books, &c. do not now per- form quarantine. ‘This review appears but once a quarter; the idea being taken from the quarter-sessions, which it re- sembles in the trial of culprits, and is absolutely, in serious truth, for greater terror, printed bya Constable! The po- lice of literature belongs to them, and it is said, that Macmanus, Townshend, and various surgeons and butchers, write in this review; but their profession unfor- tunately precludes the impulse of amiable feelings. The Bow-street review is cer- tainlya more appropriate title, than tbe Edinburgh Review; Scotchmen being habitually, 1808.] Beauties and Defects of the Scottish Landscape, habitually amiable and conciliating: but perhaps this is flattery. . So ai Me Editcr, for Reviews, a term which I use without meaning any offence to the army, for as they know no. other interpretation of the word, than its military one, without this apo- logy, I might occasion mischief!—and so, I conclude, with most hearty prayers, that reviews may be as infallible as Moore’s Almanack, in their conjectures and prophecies, and not misquote, or make mistakes, or dabble too much tn po- fitics, all woeful events for these poor fellows.—One favour I have to beg of the Bow-street or Edinburgh reviewers, which is this, that the next time they re- view Chatterton’s Works, they will be pleased to allow the privilege of having once existed to poor Joseph Ischam, the author of the Antiocheis ; and another fa- our I have to beg, that, seriously speak- ing, all the reviewers will take this, as it is meant,a mere jeu d’esprit ; their utility to country curates, excisemen, and schoolmasters, being indisputable. I am, your's, &c., Hi tad in a ~ For the Monthly Magazine. OBSERVATIONS on the BEAUTIES and _ DEFECTS of the SCOTTISH LANDSCAPE. | ohn age like the present, when con- B siderable attention has been paid to investigate the naturé of our emotions ‘produced by the contemplation of the beautiful and the sublime in the mate- rial world, it may not be out of place to direct a few enquiries towards the gene- ral character of the scenery of a country, ‘to which, of late, more than common at- tention has been paid. . . The beauty, or the excellence, of the Scottish landscape arises principally from its diversity of surface, its lakes, and its Trivers ; its defects arise from its sterility; its want of wood, and perhaps in no in- considerable degree from the vitiated Aaste of great proprietors in improving their grounds. __ Its rivers, as they are more general than any other of the sources of beauty, ‘shall be considered first. In Scotland, from that diversity of surface hinted at above, the river possesses more beautiful Accompaniments than can possibly attend the river in a smooth unvaried tract of country ; but this diversity is by no means the general attendant of the Scottish landscape; it may be divided into two classes, the Highland and the Lowland; and we may, without the imputation of partiality, fairly allow the former to-be 131 sublime; the latter, beautiful. The val- ley of the latter, becomes in the former, contracted into achasm or glen, overhung with shrubs; the river, instead of winding among fertile meadows, is dashed from rock to rock; the woods hang over the precipices, and the whole is overtopped with the rugged line of the mountain, Contrasted with these, the rivers of a smooth country appear void of creating interest: they are generally sluggish, with formal banks without character.— How different are the rivers of a moun- tain country; the current broken with fragments of rocks and foaming over beds of yranite! Another advantage of the mountain rivers is this: they generally lead to cascades beautifully varied, and finally to lochs; possessing all the beauty, wildness, and variety, which a poetical imagination can require. ‘The taste might indeed be questioned, which runs to one pool of water after another, in quest of picturesque beauty; if this species of landscape were not accompanied with scenery quite various. If every loch, though of the extent of Loch Lomond or Windermete, were distinguished by one kind of scenery, it would become at once insipid; but it is the boast of all the lochs which I have contemplated, that they differ from each other not only in shape and form, but in the character of accompaniments. The wild hills of Loch Caterine, bear uo resemblance to the borders of Loch Tay, or the pastoral scenes of Loch Earn. Having spoken of rivers, we must not omit taking notice of some circumstances which give those of Scotland in the eye of the enthusiast a peculiar charm: Music and poetry have been nursed on their delightful banks; each little valley has its popular songs; we are alike charmed with “ the broom of Cowdens knows,” and ‘the braes of Yarrow ;” and I never saw the scenes which gave birth to.these productions, without feel- ing an additional pleasure when I con- nected the ideas of the poet with my own. Having noticed slightly the river and the loch, we shall add a few remarks on the influence of art in improving or de- forming those productions of nature. Though the soil of the northern part of the island is nore sterile than the south- ern, and though its climate is more se- vere, yet the vallies even in the remotest Highlands are not altogether barren. Wood and cultivation mark the low grounds, verdure clothes the hills. Some speci« mens might be selected from the High. lands 132 lands of Scotland, to prove that they are capable of all the embellishments of landscape. There is nothing perhaps more necessary than wood, and yet wood has, for many generations, been wilfully neglected, Dunkeld and Inverary, are instances that the Highlands might be rendered as rich as the southern hills of Devonshire; and the great predominance of the Scottish fir, even in the little that is planted, makes the traveller regret that some regard had not been paid to beauty, as weil as utility, when these plantations were formed. There is another circumstance by . which the appearance of nature is in- fluenced; the style of archicecture used in erecting gentlemens’ mansions. The grand scenes of nature are always more or less beholden to art, perhaps the wil- dest river scene would not be injured by a picturesque bridge; nor the frowning hills receive.a meaner character if a tower occupied the summit of a rock, or if some ruined castle were seen ‘to blend with the wild scene around, The French chateau, the Italian palace, and the English castle, are all even necessary emhellishments to their respective dis- tricts; but we must candidly confess that we know of no country so entirely di- vested of artificial embellishments as the Highlands of Scotland; even the gar- dens of the Duke of Athol at Blair, are einbellished with leaden images, the pro- duce of Hyde-Park corner.”” . There is perhaps no art or science but what taste insinuates itself into, in a greater or less degree ; beauty of style in composition, or in eloquence, is nothing more than putting in practice the prin- ciples of taste. Perhaps no science is more susceptible of the beauties of taste than architecture, and in no science has it been so palpably neglected : by studying what is useful, we have lost what is ele- gant. The buildings in this kingdom, re- markable for their antiquity, exclude every idea of comfort as well as elegance. We may instance the old palace of the bishops of Dunkeld, and the house of the earls of Errol, in the Watergate and Speygate of Perth. The inconvenience usually attendant upon what were once deemed fine houses, was_noticed so long ago as the time of Lord Bacon, “It is strange,” says that acute philosopher, ** to see in Furope such huge buildings as the Vatican and the Escurial, and some _ ™ See Gilpin’s Scottish Tour. v. 2. Beauties and Defects of the Scottish Landscape. (Sept. 1, others be, and yet scarce a very fair room inthem.”* But I am afraid the buildings of past ages are not the only ones where we may find instances of tasteless inele- gance and inconvenience. The principal defect remaining to be noticed, is the fence or division of ground made use of here; the hedgerows of Eng- land have been often complained of as being formal and disagreeable to the eye of the artist; but in most parts of Scot- land the ficlds are divided by sunk ditches, which at a distance Jose their appearance and add in a great degree to the natural coldness of aspect of the country; but I am afraid that this is not . the worst; the stone wall or dyke, where- evera quarry can be found, is perpetually rising, and the richest pasture and-the finest cornfields are frequently secn ene closed with walis as formal as those of a citizen's kitchen garden. Having said a little on the peculiar character of the Scottish landscape, I shall consider how it is influenced by the effect of climate and the seasons. Perhaps there is something in the ir- regular climate of Britain, very favour- able to picturesque beauty, the richest sunset is encreased in beauty by the broken and disparted clouds of the -re- tiring storm; the moist atmosphere is not only favourable to verdure, but the hazy medium is frequently one of the greatest beauties of landscape. The clouds sail- ing along the sides of the hills; the moun- tains invested with the blue mists of the morning are particularly interesting to the lover of the picturesque, and the gran- deur of the storm is perhaps in no country seen to more advantage than in Scotland. The fresh winds of October, with the al- ternate accompaniment of driving rain, the billowy clouds hanging upon the highest hills, are always noticed with pleasure by the lover of nature. During the gloomy month of November, winter appears withall its horrors; the shortened day scarcely affords a tolerable light, and the sun struggles with difficulty through a cloudy atmosphere. The winter months, in some parts of Scotland, are indeed most horribly dismal; the long-protracted spring makes no appearance till the con- tinued south wind begins to effect the melting of the snow on the mountains, The swelling of the rivers is seen by the inhabitants with joy, as itis the prelude to returning vegetation. During the melting of the show, I have seen the * Vide Essays, art. Buildings. ’ river 3808] - river Tay swoln to an amazing height, and it continued to fill its banks fed by the streams from Benlawers, and other hills, till nearly the latter end of April, at which time the vivid green begins to sprinkle the larches and poplars that are planted on the Jow grounds on its niar- in. Whoever has passed a summer in Scotland, must be peculiarly charmed by the continued twilight of the summer nights. After the middle of May, the rosy tint never quits the western horizon tillthe end’of July. The chastened hues of a sommer evening, render the north of Scotland particularly, one of the most interesting countries for people of a po- etical taste to dwell in. Here by the side of the tumbling stream, or the wide extensive lake, the enthusiast might wander, and indulge in all the romantic visions of genius, when the evening star is faintly seen in the west, and the silver moon is beaming through the rustling foli- age of the mountain ash—* Injured worth might almost forget and pardon man.” The sounds of evening are pleasant in a mountainous country; the dy- ing tone of a distant cascade; the bleating of the mountain flock ; the distant sounds of the bagpipe, all cuon- spire to give a pleasing turn to the thoughts; and perhaps the sportive merri- ment of some of the humble inhabitants may add to the harmonious cadence. I cannot suppose that any one will be long resident in Scotland, without qc- guiring a taste for Scottish music; there 3s something so extremely sweet, thrilling, and expressive, in these national melo- dies, that they must forcibly impress the mind of any one possessed of the least sensibility. IfScottish music be admired in England, how much superior must be its power of charming amid the scenes which excited the ideas both of the poet and the musician. Where is the man who can survey with apathy the ruins of Roslin, or wander unmoved among the hirks of Invermay, or look without pecu- liar interest on the sepulchre of Bessy Bell and Mary Gray. ‘These two cele- brated beauties sleep in a romantic and _ picturesque cemetiy among woods, groves, and sounding streams. We would admire the beautiful scenery at Lednor, indepen- dent of any other circumstance; but when A $weet situation is connected with re- markable characters, we are induced to Survey it with increased pleasure and sa- “tisfaction. » F . 7 . _ While we are speaking of the national , poetry of Scotland, we cannot omit nos 2 Systems of Brachygraphy ? 133 ticing the sublime Celtic bard, the deser~ vedly admired, though doubtful, Ossian. No description, however elaborate, can possibly give an idea as strong, as the poetical mind receives by reading the rand and picturesque imagery of Ossian: every effect of still and agitated nature, the storm of winter and the calm: of summer, passed in review before the en- raptured vision of the original bard, while every circumstance, attendant upon the climate, was alike remarked by him; the misty mountain, the howling wind, the driving rain, and the inconstant sun, are all perfectly correct. The wild chief tain pursuing war, or hunting with his: grey dogs, and entertaining his guests at the feast of shells, lives only in the me- mory of the past; but the descriptions of nature will continue to please, as long as the works of nature herself continue to interest us. Roperr CanLyLe. ——ae To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, : ] SHOULD consider myself highly obliged to any of your respected cor- respondents who may have paid atten- tion to the subject, to inform me, which is generally acknowledged to be the best system of short-hand writing, among the numbers that have met the public eya A few short observations, characteristia of the respective merits of the most emi- nent of them would likewise ‘be ex- tremely acceptable. As this art is of so much practical utility, it is astonishing to me that it is not more encouraged, and particularly in public schools, For m own part, f have successively made my- self master of four different systems, and in consequence of peculiar objections to each, I have abandoned them all. As books on stenography are in general rather expensive, it becomes an object of some importance to a man of middiing circums:ances, to be informed which is generally esteemed to be the best. The authors, to whom I have above alluded, as having studied, are Williamson, Taps lin, Crome, and another, whose name [ have forgot. lL ohjected to the first, be+ cause it was with the vreatest difficulty I could read what J had written according to his system, Though Taplin has done away that objection, yet it is almost ime practirable to follow a public speaker by his method, in consequence of the sim larity of his characters, and the namber of times the pen must be taken off the paper in order to dot the vowels. Crome, 1 did not hke, in consequence of his cha- Tacterg 134 racters not being sufficiently simple. Several new authors have made their ap- pearance since the above, and each with different pretensions to public recom- mendation. A comparative view of their respective merits would not only be a desideratum to lovers of brachygraphy, but a real favour conferred on, Greenwich, Your's, &c. June 18, 1808. T. Retswer. —=a— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, MONG the numerous readers of your valuable Miscellany, there are sonie, no doubt, who observe the arrival Memotrs of Anguctil Duperron. : [Sept, 1,, and departure of the Swifts (Hirundo, apus); they generally appear in this neighbourhood, if thé weather is fine, about the 29th of April, and regularly leave it on or about the 9th of August, after which time none are seen. My wish is to be informed, when they are first and last seen in the northern and southern parts of the kingdom ; if they” are observed in large numbers on the wing, passing froma colder to a warmer climate, and where it is known they emi- grate to. ; Nezark, Your's, &c. Aug. 16, 1808. 11. 0, a MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS. account of the LIFE and works of MONSIEUR ANQUETIL DUPERRON,MEM- BER Of the ACADEMY Of INSCRIPTIONS, BELLES LETTRES, WISTORY, and ax- CIENT LITERATURE; by MONSIEUR DACIER: read at the public strtiNnG of the NATIONAL INSTITUTE, JULY 1, 1808. BRAHAM Hyacinthe Anquetil Du- . perron was born at Paris Decem- ber 7, 1751. His father, under the pres- sure of a numerous family, and not pos- sessing a great property, wished at least to give them such an education as might in some degree compensate for the want of fortune; and his paternal care in this respect had all the success he wished. Two of his sons became cele- brated in the belles-lettres, and were long regretted after their death by all literary men; the others merited tlie public esteem in the different careers they pursued. M. Anguctil Duperron, after finishing his regular studies with distinction at the university of Paris, durmg which he still found sufficienttime to acquire athorough knowledge of the Hebrew language, was placed by M. De Caylus, Bishop of Aux- erre, at-first in a seminary in his diocese, and afterwards in that of Amersfort, near Utrecht, where, in pursuing his theologi- cal studies, he found every necessary as- sistance for completing himself in He- brew, and even in Arabic and Persian, from which were derived many of his most celebrated works. He returned to Paris with an intention of dedicating all his time to the. perusal ef the best manuscripts in the king’s li- brary, to the study of languages, and to oriental literature, the latter of which seemed to be his prevailing passion. His laborious assiduity, his constant and intense application, and the warmth with which he spoke of the object of his studies, inspired the Abbé Sallier, to whom the care of these manuscripts was ‘confided, with the most lively intergst 5 and the Abbé being one of the most dis- tinguished members of the Academy of the Belles Lettres, he introduced young Duperron to. the notice of MM. de Caylus, Malesherbes, and Barthelemy. — Knowing that he had little or no for- tune, their first care was to procure him a situation upon the establishment of the ~ library, in the quality of a student of the oriental languages; and though the sala- ry was but small, it was sufficient to meet the wants of a man whose sole pas- sion wasstudy. ‘This appointment seem- ed to complete all his wishes, and left him nothing to desire. , New ideas crowded into his mind, and he dreamt of nothing but literary achieve- ments which should immortalize his name. At this time he formed the pro- ject of exploring every part of India, in the hopes of discovering the sacred books of the ancient Persians, supposed to have been written by Zoroaster, and which some writers do not scruple to as- cribe periods anterior to every existing monument. He now proposed, there- fore, to study the Janguages in which those hooks were composed, that he might he able to translate them, and make Europe acquainted with them. In fine, he wished to unfold the ancient archives — of mt 1808.] - of the human race, and study the history of man in his primitive state. Atthis time an expedition was fitting out for the East Indies, in port L’Orient. M. Anquetil flattered himself he should be able to go out with it; but the govern- Ment thought only of sending soldiers to defend their establisinmments against the English, and would suffer no person to go in the character of a passenger. His own zealand resolution, however, avercame this obstacle. ‘Confident,’ said he, “ of my own strength of constitution, ha- bituated for a nuinber of years to a life of vigilance, austerity, and temperance, the character of a soldier in the East India company’s service seemed to be the only resource left to accomplish my object.” With this determination, un- known to his relations, or any person in- terested about him, he offered his services to a recruiting officer,and in spite ofremon- Strances, enlisted himself, and marched off with his comrades on the 7th of No- vember, 1754,—with a knapsack upon his back, his baggage consisting of a He- brew bible, Montaigne, and Charron’s ‘works, a case of mathematical instru- ™ments, and a map of India. ’ As soon zs the Abbé Barthelemy, and his other friends, were informed of the extravagant step he had taken, they re- newed their application to the minister, who, surprized at the zeal Anquetil had ‘manifested, allowed him a free passage on board at the captain’s table, and a salary, the terms of which were left to the dis- cretion of the French governor in Tndia. He reached Indiaabout nine months after his departure; namely, on the 10th of August, 1755. Having disembarked at Pondicherry, a commercial and military ‘city, which offered a wide theatre to am- ‘bition and cupidity, he attracted for a time the ‘attention of those multitudes, who had quitted their country, only with “a view of seeking theirfortunes in another ‘hemisphere. It would be difficult to de- “scribe their surprize, when they found that his motive for coming to India was “not to amass wealth, but simply to dis- ‘cover the books of Zoroaster, a name which, perhaps, many of them had never heard; and to enrich Europe with ‘their contents. Many refused to give “ctedit to such a story ; others considered him as a person sent out by the govern- ‘Ment to be a spy upon their conduct; ‘whilst others, less suspicious, looked “Upon him as an eccentric character, “whom his family had sent abroad to get Re Memoirs of Anquetil Duperron. 135 tid of him. All however agreed in neg- + lecting or forsaking him. ‘ This neglect, however, could not afflict him, who thought every moment lost that was not devoted to study, and he ‘availed himself of this opportunity, to make himself master of the modern Persian, which was become the general language of India, so as to converse in it in the most fluent manner. Having made this acquisition, he resolved te quit Pondicherry, antl to penetrate into the interior of the country, in order to study the Malabar language, visit the Bramins, and learn the Shanscrit, near some Pagoda. But, being considered as a stranger to commercial, as well as mi- litary and political affairs, he met with many difficulties before he could obtain that settlement which the governor was enjoined to allot to him; and when fixed, it was found inferior to that of the lowest clerk in India, Anquetil, however, was still contented; a stranger to the imaginary wants of most men, he despised luxury and ease, he knew how to accom- modate his wants to his means, and was wholly occupied in prosecuting the ob- ject of his researches, considering those privations and hardships which it sub- jected him to, as trifling. He prosecuted his journey towards the mouth of the Ganges; but a violent fever which ate tacked him, while traversing the mouu- tains of Gengy, where he had made some stay, obliged him to return to Pon- dicherry; this, however, did not discou- rage bim, he embarked and arrived safe at Chandernagor. His uneasiness was farther augmented by accounts he re- ceived from the French Consul, at Surat, of his having discovered the books of Zoroaster, particularly the Vendidas Zend, and Pehiwi. As soon as he re- ‘gained a little strength, he thought of nothing but his journey to Surat, bat ex- clusive of the ditheulties of the voyage, “the commencement of hostilisies between the French and English, was also a se- rious obstacle. Chandernagor was threatened by the English, whose troops oecupied the whole of the surrounding country. Anquotil thought it his first duty to serve his coun- try, and being conversant in the modern Persian, he undertook the office of inter- préter, and accordingly joined the French army destined for the defence of Bengal. He'soou heard of the fall of Chanderna- gor; aud fearful lest the chances of war should defeat the object of his wayege/ibe t . TS6 left the camp alone, almost destitute of money, and with very little baggage, to undertake a journey of near 400 leagues overland to Pondicherry. He had the good look not to fallinto the hands of the English, and his natural fortitude and re- solution surmounted every thing. He crossed a country overrun with tigers, though he had scarcely any weapon of de- fence, and joined the advanced guard of acarayan of 6000 Fakirs, who were going on a pilgrimage to the famous pagoda of Jagrenunt, and who lived only by plun- der. He presented himself to them with such an air of assurance, that they not only desisted from plundering him, but granted him a passport, that he might not be molested by their comrades. After 100 day’s journey across the burning sand of a country, never before attempted by any European, surrounded by every kind of danger, yet never failing to visit and inspect every pagoda and place worthy of vattention ; he at, Jength reached Pondi- cherry, where the report of his death had been received, and he forgot all bis trou- bles and fatigues in the embraces of one of his brothers, who had just arrived there from Europe to be employed in the Company’s Civil Service. Here he pro- cured a place for him under himself at the settlement at Surat, and they embark- -ed together for the coast of Malabar, The vessel having put into Mahé, Anque- til resolved to visit the country, and pro- weeded to Coliour, Goa, and Aurenga- bad, as far as the Mahratta country. Atlength he arrived at Surat, where he ex- pected to find the treasure he had so long been in search of. aA Here again he had many difficulties to encounter, before he could over- come the scruples and prejudices of the priests, who regarded the communi- cation of their writings and doctrines to persons of a different religion as nothing less than profanation, However, his zeal ‘and perseverance surmounted every ob- stacle, and he even obtained admittance into the number of the disciples of Des- tours. ‘By an intense application he soon became sufliciently acquainted with the -geveral works from those languages. He began, in March 1759, with a voca- -bulary of the Peblwi, a work which no -Eyropean before him bad even thought of undertaking. The governor of Pondi- cherry, to whom he had communicated «this successful commencement, express- -ed his satisfaction by doubling his salary, which even then did not exceed S000 livres ; yet with this trifling sum he was Memoirs of Anguetil Duperron. Zend and Pehlwi, to, be able to translate’ [Sept. 15 enabled, by economy and sobriety, to defray the expences of his journies in India, to pay for the lessons he received, and even to purchase a number of manu- scripts, with which he hoped to enrich Ins native country. A few days after he had commenced his translation of the vocabu- lary, he also began to translate the Ven- didad from the Zend and Pehlwi texts, un der the immediate direction of Destours. ‘This work was finished ina little less than three months; but the intense application brought on a dangerous illness, and for several weeks he was obliged to reline quish all kind of study. His health was scarcely restored when he was involved ina fresh misfortune, by an accident to which literary and studious characters are rarely exposed. He was publicly at- tacked in the streets of Surat by one of his countrymen, who was irritated by the propagation of false reports, of which Anquetil was supposed to be the author, They were armed, and our author being obliged to defend himself, had the luck, or rather misfortune, to give a mortal blow to his antagonist, alter having re- ceived himself five wounds. Hj life was long in danger, and it was several months before he recovered. As soon as his health would permit, he undertook, with the aid of an Arabic interpreter, to trans- late several Zend and Pehlwi books, and in a short time he acquired so complete a knowledge of the Persian language and history, that be was enabled to finish the remainder of his work without assistance. It was now no longer possible for a mas- ter toconceal any thing from a student who had prolited so well by his instrac- tions, and who had discovered all the inysteries of his religion in so complete # manner, that he was regarded as a pra- phet. Anquetil, at the risk of his life, had be been discovered, was introduced to the sacred fire, which was kept in the most secret part of the temple, and beheld the various rites, of which be- fore he had only obtained an imperfect idea. Having satisfied his curiosity, and at- tained the principal object of his voyage, he then proposed to study the language, antiquities, and sacred laws of the Hin- doos. He had already procured several Sanscrit vocabularies, and thought of re- pairing to Benares, that he might obtain Instruction from the Bramins, who in that country were reckoned the most learned - men of the east. The taking of Pondi- -cherry destroyed all his projects, and he was now intent on only returning to Bus © In consequence of the unfortus De yope. 1808.) fate rencontre mentioned above, he was obliged to throw himself upon the pro- tection of the English, in order to avoid the persecution of his countvymen. He procured a passage in an LKnglish ship, and was enabled to take with him one hundred and eighty valuable manuscripts of the different oriental languages, coins, medals and many other things which he had collected auring his residence in India. be On his arrival in’ England, he was treated as a prisoner of war; but on a pro= - per representation of his situation to the British government, he was immediately set at liberty. Before his return to his native country, he wished, for the sake of more information, to visit the University of Oxford, and inspect the manuscripts __ of the Vendidad, which had originally sug- - gested the enterprize he had now accum- plished. He collated the principal ma- nuscripts which he had brought, with the same works he found in the library, and returned to Paris in March 1762, afier an absence of nearly eight years, loaded with oriental collections, bat poorer than when he left his country, having now lost the small pittance which he formerly en- _ joyed. ‘He would long have remained so, _ if the Abbé Barthelemy and other friends had not been more attentive to his inter- est than he was himself. They repre- sented to the minister in the strongest terms, his zeal and success, and obtain- eda, pension for him, together with the title and appointment of translator of oriental languages to the Royal Library, in which he deposited the books of .Zo- roaster and other curious manuscripts, ‘some of which were totally unknown in Europe. In 1763, his labouvs received a still-more flattering recompence, and to which he always attached the highest va- lue; he was nominated a member of the demy of belles-lettres, vacant by the __ death of M. Bougainville. -le oceupied f his time in giving to the public a transla- tion of the sacred books of Persia, which be had collected with so much care and difficulty. This work made its appearance ‘in 1771, under the title of the Zend d- —eesta. Two of the most valuable mianu- Scripts were the Vendidad and the Izes- elné, which contain many valuable pas- sages from the writings of Zoroaster and — otherantient writers, for it cannot be ad= Mitted that the whole of those pieces was from the pen of Zoroaster,as Augue- til endeavoured to prove. __ Asan author cannot remain insensible - te attacks made onthe principle which he “ae, MoxraLy Mac., No, 175. - > Memoirs of Anquetil Duperron? 1FE considers as the basis of the edifice he has constructed ; so Anquetil was far from being satisfied with the suffrages he bad ob- tained, and which were in fact counterbas lanced by criticisms of considerable weight. He found some opposition evenin the acas demy, and certain foreign writers treated his production with considerable acri- mony. Among these was one celebrated for his profound knowledge of the litera- ture of many of the eastern languages, -for his works of taste and erudition, for being the founder of the academy at Cal- cutta, and who was not less distinguished by the manner in which he filled the of- fice of supreme judge of Bengal. This was Sir William Jones, who attacked An- quetil with considerable asperity. The latter perhaps felt that he had provoked these criticisms by some indiscreet plea- santries, in which be had indulged against the literati of Oxford, and had the good sense not to reply. To the translation of the works from the Zend and the Pehlwi, Duperron an- nexed an account of his voyages, contain- ing illustrations of the antiquities and geo= graphy of India; also the Life of Zoroaster, an exposition of the dogmas, rites and ceremonies of the Persians, and many curious notes, ‘Lhe greater part of his. manuscripts were upon various points of Indian history and literature, and he- be- came so prepossossed in faveur of the ori- entals, that he undertook to vindicate them against an assertion of Montesquicu, who represented them as mere slaves. For this parpose, Anguetil published in 1779, a work intitled La Legislation Orientale; Tndian Legislation, or Consi- derations on Despotism in Turkey, Persia, and Hindostan. In shoit,, in’ France, Anguetil was the representative and literary agent of India; and under this title, M. Legentil, a Lieu- ' tenant-colonel in the service of one of the nabobs, addressed to him a collec- tion of upwards of two hundred manu- scripts in different languages, desiring him to make a present of them to the Royal Library, if he thought them worthy of being deposited there. He also received from Father Tieffenthaler, a missionary with whom he corresponded, a map of the Ganges, with variousgeographical par- ticulars relative to. the course of that ri- ver, which he communicated to Mr. Ber- noulli, of the academy of Berlin, who had undertaken to give a Description of India. To this important work he added his own observations which formed a véry mate- rial and interesting portion of it, : At 138 Atthecommencementof the revolution, Duperron, a stranger to ambition and in- trigue, thought of nothing but the reform of abuses; he published a work under the title of La Dignté du Commerce § de Vé- tat du Commercont. At any other time, this work would have been well received, but as political, and not mercantile, inter- ests engaged the attention of all classes of society at that time, it was scarcely no- ticed. Resolving not to have the morti- fication of witnessing the succeeding trou- bles of his country, he shut himself up in his library, and appeared no longer in public at the Academy, of which he had hitherto been an assiduous member, and dropt all correspondence even with his most intimate friends. Deprived of every kind of income, he was obliged at intervals to dispose of many of his bouks, to pay the rent for the rest, and to supply himself with the ‘ cominon necessaries of life ; but having for a length of time accustomed himself, to abstemiousness and even to privation, he Considered himself the only happy man atthattimein France. Hethus estranged himself from every thing but thought, by which he traversed India and lived anidst the Brahmins. Affected by the evils which ‘the cupidity of Europeans had loaded that.rich but unhappy country, he endea- voured, but in vain, to persuade them, in a work which he published in 1796, under the title of L’ Inde en rapport avec L’ Ev- rope, that it was to their interest to build warchouses instead of batteries, and send out merchants instead of soldiers ; to estab. lish a connection cemented by confidence, and not authority founded upon force, and maintained by injustice and tyranny. It was Anquetil’s intention to have gone to India to study the Sanserit language, but being prevented by the war, he still resolved to turn his retirement to account, by studying that language and translating the Vedas and other sacred writings of _the Brahmins, by the help of a dicticnary which he had procured from Cardinal An- tonelli: but, despairing of success from ° the insufficiency of his means, he gave up this projet, and undertook to translate trom the Persian Recveit des Oupnekhat, or Upanischada, or Secrets not to be re- veuled, Although it was not a translation from the original Sanscrit, and the Persian au- thor has sometimes intermixed the Indian and Mussulinan ideas, stil} Anqueti! has _tendered considerable service to litera- ture, in. enabling us to, appreciate the greater part of the philosophical and relis | Memoirs of Angquetil Duperron. [Sept. 1, gious dogmas of the Brahmins, and the doctrine contained in the Vedas. His translation was made in Latin, that he might:the more closely adhere to the Per- sian phrases, and mystic obscurity of the ‘original, In this he has in many parts too well succeeded; and in spite of the Numerous explanatory and instructive notes by which he has endeavoured to enlighten the extravagance of mythology, aud the ridiculous allegories, it requires’ #strong application to comprehend and follow the chaiv of ideas. Some of hig remarks ave foreign to the work itself, and are evidently the effusion of a recluse, strongly tinctured with the weakness and folly of human nature, Anquetil Duper- ron appears to have intermixed, in a mian~ ner, his own philosophical and religious ideas, and givena compleat picture of his - moral and philosophical life, in the episle which he addresses to the Brahmzins, to induce them to translate the ancient In- dian writing into Persic:—“ Bread and cheese (said she), to the value of four French sous, or the twelfth part of a ru- pee, and water from the well, form my daily food; I lve without fire eyen in winter, I sleep without even a bed or bed-clothes; neither do I change or wash my linen. I subsist on the fruits of my literary works, without income, revenue, or pension. I have neither wife, ‘chil. dren, nor servants. Having no estates, I have no tie to this world. Alone, but entirely free, I am in friendship with all mankind. In this simple state, at war- fare with my senses, I either triumph over worldly attractions, or I despise them. Looking up with veneration to that supreme and perfect being, drawing near my end, I wait with impatience for the dissotution of. my body.”—There does hot appear the least exagveration 1 this account which he gives of himself; all those who were intimate with him give just the same descriptionof his way of life, His passion for the most perfect indepen- dence accustomed hiin, from his youth, to an austere regimen, which he ever after- wards observed, and inspired him with a love of poverty, which he looked upon as the firm support of virtue. * Oh, poverty, too much despised (said he, in one of his remarks), thou art the protector of soul and body, and the bulwark of mora- lity and religion!” He was too frank and ingenuous to feign any virtue or senti- ment, and thereare too many proofsof his Sincerity and disinterestedness to leave even a goubt of it. On the suppressipn of a journal {yom which he received a ’ pension, « 1803.) Lxtracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. pension, on. his return from India, no- thing could induce him to take,any. step to obtain a racurnpence. The Abbé _ Barthelemy was sull his providence, and served him without his knowledye, in order not to offend him, in. such a man- ner, that Anquetil always considered the grant conferred on him by the minister, solely asan act of justice. Towards the end ofithe reign of Louis XVL when that monarch was bestowing gratuities on a certain number of men of letters, he was included in the list for a sum of $000 kvres; but the difficulty was to ob- tain his acceptance of it. One of hts ac- quaintances undertook this delicate com- Iaission. After having in vain ted every method of persuasion, se secretly put the money on one corer of the chimney- piece, and hastily left the room; but the purse with the money found its way to the bottom of the stairs before him. In like manner he refused a pension of 6060 livres, which was adjndged him by the Committee of Public Instruction, and be returned the warrant, protesting that he had no need of it, and that he would ac- ceptof nothing alihoughitwas well known he was at that time in the greatest dis- tréss.. So familiar with poverty hinself, he felt only for that of others, and was at @ loss on whom to bestow the superfluous 159 part of his moderate income, When he was admitted a member of the National Iustitute, at the Commencement of its organization, he was then uneasy, lest he should be too rich. “ Pray inform me (said he, to one of his friends) what ho- nest family i is in need of relief. 1 know of none, and I receive at least 100 francs per month, which are totally useless to ine, unless applied this way.” Old age, and the length oftime he had beensecluded from all literary society, had not changed his sentiments; he retained the same love of truth, the same principles, and the sane attachnient to his original opinions, Atlength exhausted by late study, rigo- “rousand abstemious cliet, ‘andalmost edie tute of sight, the sudden failure of his sens ses, when he was still anticipating some new works, convinced him thathis end was fast approaching. He had five brothers, who repaired to him as soon as his situ- ation was known; and be at length cone sented to be taken to one of their houses, that he might receive that attention which it was S impossible to pay him in his own lodging, which contained uo kind of moveables except books... He died the 17th of January, 1805, in the arms of his. brother, professing to the last the same sentiments as he had all his life ene tertuined. par ten one Evtracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. : ood [Communications to this Article are always thankfully received. ] EEE ; PORTE AITS OF SHAKSPEARE aND SPENSER. NE of our Correspondents [Vol. 16, p. 233] has pointed eut a for- mer possessor of a portrait of Spenser, or-the follewing we are indebted to Berkenhout’s Biographia Literayia, 4bo, Te published by Dodsley. _ “ A pieture of Spenser was in the pos- Session of John Love, esq. Castle Saffron, near Kilcolman, in Ireland. There is also a print ef him by Vertue,” Bvo. . 378. 4 Mr. Nichols affirms, ‘ral. 6, p. 68; ‘edit, 1780, of bis Collection of Poems) that the portrait commonly supposed to be. Banpbete was taken, long after his eath, from one who resembled him. _ Berkeyhout informs us (p. $98) that wo are (or were) in existeuce, one of which he traces as follows:—By Jobn Taylor, the water- poet, who painted it: it was bequeathed to Sir W. Davenant, ef whom Betterton purchased it, Mr 4 : ’ lkeck purchased it of Betterton for forty guineas ; from whose possession it devi- ated into that of Mr. Nichol, whose daughter married: the Marquis or Caer- narvon, the last proprietor. It appears, from the same anthor, that Mr. Nicholas, of Southwell, had ano- ther, painted by “ old Cornelius Jansun, or Burbage, the actor.” FRANCIS I, OF FRANCE. Francis the First of France, when taken prisoner by his rival Charles the Fifth, wrote thus to the queen-tnother : ~~ she : Madawe, tout est perdu, hormis l’hon- neur. » Voltaire had this national trait in his thoughts when he composed the following passage of his ode on the de- ‘feat of the French by Frederic of Prus« sia (inisnamed the Great) :-— «6 Francois, ta valeur si vantée, Devant le Prussienest glacte 5, « Tout est -ipaver jusgw & Phenneur” és CREBILLOA, 140 ©Extracis from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. [Sept 1, CREBILLON.—1674-1762. Tt was a custom among the Jesuits to record the characters arid talents of those youths whose education they superin- tended. After Crebillon had long estab- lished his fame as a tragic writer, he had the curiosity to know in what manner he had been represented; and to oblige him, the superior of the college at Dijon, where he had been educated, inspected the catalogue, and fotind these words un- der his name:—“ Puer ingeniosus, sed insignis Nebulo.” This celebrated tragedian seemed des- tined in his youth to follow a very di& ferent employment from that of a dra- matist. His father placed him with an attorney in Paris; but his genius pre- vailed—the attorney had the good sense to perceive, and the generosity not to discourage it. At the first representa- tion of Atrée et Thyeste, the worthy man, then at the point of death, desired to be ‘carried to the theatre. When after the curtain dropped, and the success of the tragedy was pronounced to be complete, Crebillon went to see him-in his box, he embraced the young author, and said, with tears of joy in his eyes, “I die hap- py—'twas I who made you a poet, and I How consign you to the applause and li- berality of my country.” When Crebillon composed his trage- dies, it was always walking, at which times he appeared uncommonly agitated. His favourite retreat on such occasions was the Jardin du Roi. His friend Du- vernet, the celebrated anatomist, had given him a key which opened to the most private recesses of the garden. Crebillon happened to be there one day as usual: supposing himself alone, he had thrown off his coat, and being then @ the vein, walked precipitately about the garden, at the same time declaiming in the most frantic manner. A gardener observed him; and persuaded that the man (whom he did not know) was either mad, or under a violent agony of mind, from some great crime he had commit- ted, ran immediately to Duvernet, to im- part his suspicions. Duvernet instantly went to see what was the matter; but finding it to be only our inspired poet, writhing in all the contorsions of a Sybil, le retired without disturbing him, after laughing heartily at the gardener’s mis’ take. One singularity attended this great poet: he never could be induced to re- vise or correct any of his plays—his aver- gion to such a task was insurmountable; a complaints in his diocese, and it was consequently most of his pieces, and his best scenes, were all the result of first impressions, Tle never sat down regularly to form the plan of his tragedies. He seldom even wrote them down on paper, till they were finished in his own mind, and ready for representation, Such was the astonishing tenacity of his memory, that when he offered his Catiline to the play- ers, he recited the whole piece, from be- ginning to end, while the copyist of the theatre committed it to writing. PIRON—1689-1773. ; Dijon, the birth-place of Bouhiers,. Bossuet, Crebillon, and Buffon, likewise produced this very ingenious dramatist. His Métromanie is perhaps one of the - best comedies that has been acted in France since the days of Moligre. In private society, a most lively nar- rator, and au excellent epigrammatist ; in conversation spirited and entertain- ing; his wit pointed and original, with- out any mixture of ill nature, or tendency to satire; no man could have furnished a more ample collection of bons mots and repartees. Among the numerous Anas with which the French abound; it is much to be wandered at that no Pironi- ana has been produced. The following epitaph was made for him :— Piron n’est plus! Adieu Naitveté Franchise, Esprit, Genie et Gaité, HUET, BISHOP OF AVRANCHES—1630. 1721. Such was the early and extreme pas; sion of this excellent and very learned prelate for study, that (to use his own expression) he had scarcely escaped from _ the arms of his nurse before he began to envy all whom he saw with a book in their hands. ; ¢ He accompanied Bochart to Sweden, - who had been invited to that court by Queen Christiana. At Stockholm Huet found a manuscript of Origenes, which he transcribed, and afterwards published with notes. It was he who formed the plan of those numerous editions of classics which were undertaken by order of Louis XIV, for the instruction of his son, the Dau- hin. c So devoted was this prelate to study, and so constantly engaged in his librar or'closet, that he was usually inaccessi- ble to visitors. This gave rise to some asked why the king did not send them q ' bishop | 1808.] bishop who had completed his studies. He afterwards resigned his bishoprick. He lived to the great age of ninety- one. By this time his memory had failed him, But his biographer relates, that two or three days before his death his » wit suddenly revived, and his memory returned. He employed those precious moments in preparing for eternity. + SIRMOND—1559-1651, Of the Society of Jesuits, and confessor of Louis the Thirteenth. He was in his time a very. respectable author, though his writings being chiefly polemical, and all in the Latin language, are now little known, and Jess read. Though of a mild and amiable character in private life, in his controversial treatises he is very se- vere in his remarks upon his antagonists. He was much admired for his profound knowledge in ancient ecclesiastical his- ~ tory. He died at the advanced age of ninety-three. SALMASIUS—1588-1651, In his own time called the Hero of Li- terature, has considerably fallen from the high reputation he once enjoyed. His erudition was certainly great, and he was ‘at the same time conspicuous for general knowledge; but as a critic, he was capri- , cious, intemperate, and arrogant. Such was his pride, and high opinion of his own talents, that when: advised by a friend to compose in future with greater care, he answered, “ I throw ink on pa- per as others throw dice or cards upona table—writing to me is a mere amuse- ment.” ELIAS SAURIN—16389-1703, Born in the province of Dauphiné, was compelled to leave his country, be- cause he neglected to pull off his hat while a priest was passing by with the Wiaticum. He is chiefly noted for having written against Jurvicu and Bayle, REGNIER—1575-1613, Early shewed a violent propensity to gatire. This he excercised so indiscri- _—-minately upon such of his friends and relations who had offended him, that his father was often under the necessity of punishing hjm, He led a most debauched life, and g papa ruined his constitution long before his death, which happened when he was nly forty years old, ‘ n his satires, he resembles Juvenal jn “4 the strength and energy of some of his lines, and ‘surpasses the Latin poct in tlie _grossness of his allusions, which made Boileau observe that his poctry sayoured aa Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. 14] of the places which he was known to fre« quent, F Ile composed the following curious. epitaph for himself, when on his death- bed :— Jai vécu sans nul pensement Me laissant aller tout doucement A la bonne Loi naturelle ; Et je m’étonne fort pourquot La Mort daigne songer a moi Qui ne songeai jamais a elle. GALILEO. A curious observation has been made, that this great man was born the same year in which Michael Angelo died, and himself died in the same year which gave birth to Sir Isaac Newton.. DU CANGE, A number of Academicians offered M. Du Cange their votes for a meme ber, if he would make a step towards it. Du Cange thanked them for their offer.. The English, says Menage, could not conceive that Du Cange wrote his dictionary, for they said, that one man, during the period of human life, could not compile that work; but he did, and took only thirty years to do it! Thus Menage, | but John Bull is sometimes as deep as Garrick. Du Cange laa assistance; un- der the word Index, ina passage respect- ing clocks, he bas given a definition founded upon one half of a passage, the remaming half.of which confutes the de- finition! Under the word Cloister, he has misquoted Peter of Blois. - There are books, which unless by index-reading only, one man could not execute. The Benedictine edition of Du Cange, is per- haps the first compilation in the world: but what will Dr. Gisborne say, to the effects of emulation, when it produced Charpentier ? yet Dr, G. is right, bad _ qualities in the individual are certainly generated by rivalry: the public often gains. CUJACIUS. Cujacius had a very pretty daughter, a spice of the coguette, who did not dis- ike the men. The pupils used to leave the father’s lectures to cajole the girl, and this they styled “ Commenting on the works of Cujacius.” She nearly broke her father’s heart, at last! and became notorious—Poor Cujacius! “The fanaticism of literary men, which con- fines them to’ their hobbies, has* been -as- signed to want of common sense, but we all know the story of the philosopher, and his speculation in olives. Cujacius never wrote his lectures, but delivered WA gen + delivered them er tempore, with so much neatness and distinctness, that his scho- Jars, particularly the Germans, wrote what they could of them, and comparing to- gether afterwards what they had written, he found, that they had omitted very little of what he said, These manuscripts went to the press. He could not bear to be interrupted, and often left his chair, when his scholars made a noise. Ie made a visit to Meldonat, at the head of eight kundred scholars. He had permission, with his brother doctors, from the university of Paris, to give degrees to those, who lad studied the time required! So that conferring degrees was not there confined to af- ficers. This was in 1576. DE THOU—THUANUS. This writer, (if there is no mistake) and Thuanus are the same person. Ife sold his office, with the intention of being chancellor or first president, but obtained neither. * ARETIN—-MACHTAVEL. Leonard Aretin found a Greek manu- script of Procopius, translated it into Latin, and passed it off for his own: but was detected by other copies being found. Machiavel did the like with the Apo- theems' of Plutarch, in his Life of Castru- clo Castracant, in whose mouth he put the best of the good things that Plutarch said. RINONCINNS. This man. was one of the first authors of bringing the Opera trom Italy to Franck. He took # into his head, that Mary de Medicis was in love with him, ORIGINAL POETRY. eee eee . THE SCALE OF NATURE, AND THE THREE ~ RECORDERS, By R.DINMORE, | OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. YE who.enquire why man for ages sought, The civic lorein vains— | Why slow through rolling time his reason wrought, Fair knowledge to obtain ;— hy through terrific dangers hard he fought, His liberty to gain ;— Come listen to my lay, ee er, ek | And ye! the powers that swell the minstrel’a soul, When wrapt inextacy divine, : Over the vibrating chords his fingers roll, Painting expression with resistless fire 5 Original Poetrys [Sept. f, and with this ridiculous idea he werit with her to France, where the virtue of that queen put him out of countenance. He was foolish enough to tell his secret to some persons, and their railleries cote pelled him to quit France. ARCHBISHOP USHER, The archbishop was not rich. Care dinal Richelieu sent to him to offer him a pension, but instead of accepting it, Usher sent him some books. SIRMOND—LE MOLINE, Sirmond and Le Mome were two Fe- suits. The one wrote learned works: the other, those of gallantry for the | ladies. The brother Porter of the Jesuits. told father Strmond, that the ladies wished to speak with him. You must mistake (replied Sirmond): they want Father le Moine.” i MENAGE. _He gives the following advice to au- , thors; at least he publishes it. “ Never send well-written copy for the press, for then masters give it to their apprentices, who make a thousand faults; but if it is dificult to read, the masters do it themselves.” This advice has been men- tioned to, several printers by the writer of th’s, and they have gniformly, to a ~ man, been angry. : | PROTOGENES==SALMASIUS. 6! Protogenes painted a fine picture, while the enemy was hesieging the town, M. de Saumaise ‘composed in the noise: of his wife, childrex, and- domestics. Priestley is said to have written hig History of Light, &e. under the same circumstances, ‘ Ah! would ye give the hymblest son of song, 3eatic burnish to each line ; And as his meteor rapid flows zlong, With glowing point his honest song inspire? Shed from solar orb profusely, Piercing elemental ray 5 Essences of life elastic, Through the vast creation play. Genial powers acquire dominiong Quickea’d by impetus warm 5 Plastic nature takes impressiony wy Infinite in varied form. AS oe a Buried in the depths of ocean, hr oe Where the currents never roam 5 Clinging to the cragzy coral, Where the madden’d waters foam - . f= Passive polypes feelisapulsion, *~ a Spark. minute of vital glow 3 ° Warmth, oo. + 1808.) Warmth the limit of perception, Almost all they ever know. - Countless forms of vegetation, _ Grace the: globe prolific round _ Aggregated syphons mystic, Cortically clad"and bound ; These to nature's precious banquet Higher privilege assume, Dive with air and light surrounded, Burst and blossom and perfume. Energetic with volition— Loco motive muscular, ense endued with animation, Swarms in ocean, earth, and air 5 Scarce the magic power of numbers Can the myriads reveal, _ Tribes that with sensation nervous eet and taste, see, hear, and feel. \ Qver all, by art organic, Pointed wich the force of mii d, Hand of supererogation, ) Men, terrestial masters, find. Paramount in such.a system, | Why does maa,'so wise and brave, Jn his own exalted order, Man himself, remain d slave, Lo! because, Unconcentrated, Ment:! light but feebly shone ;—. _ Lo! because to life-existing, ~ Former light remain’d unknown j;—= ! because that, thouzh rec orded, Wisdom to be known and spread, Mastthe universe throughout Be understood, and felt, and read. Men in lonely woods secluded, _ Savage strenzth assumed the sway, _ Hope and fear, with selfish cunning, “Taught the weaker to obey: Till the lordly tyrant sated, Left ambition for a white, Proud, in insulated splendor, Thought a season to beguile, Then, to give azest to pleasure, ‘Music luil’d the groupe around ; -Thenthe HARP, the first Recorder. ‘Tremulated through with sound, , a flash of mind evulging, — Lent it’s aid to memory ; “ee Then the Bard, in melting measure, ~ Caroli'd to posterity : ‘Tones refin’d by fervid fancy, Tones that over sense prevail, ‘Tones resounding through tradition, “Gave to history the tale ; Ignorance, the root of evil, Opes to misery the duor; , the victims of ambition, their mother earth with gore.” the harps of time chivalric, als gay of war and cheer, fenc’s by the changing munners, sus’d to charm the willing car; NS became the chief recorders, ter’d with monastic rule, Original Poetry. 14s Filling up in gloomy cloisters All the light of wisdom’s school. Words that burn’d were hid in darkness, Words that might i'zame the blind, Words that told in pealing thunder Truly to the palsied mind 5 *¢ Ignorance, the root of evil, Opes to misery the door; Men, the dupes of superstition, Drench their mother earth with gore.” Time, a‘foe to mysticism, Slow from Gothic nichasdrew Lying legendaries monkish Open to the common view ; Then the PRESS, of art the wonder—— Work of art, to time allied ; Novel light to man imparted, Analyz’d and amplified. Volumes spuke to man’s reflection, Volumes read by young and old, Volumes unto volumes added, till the woeful story told; «6 Ignorance, the root of evil, Opes to misery the door ; Men, the victims of corruption, Drench their mother earth with gore. Fiend remorseless of corruption ! Source of misery and pain! When shall poor deluded mortals Boldly break thy hellish chain ? When shail Lens, intensely pouring Precious floods of mental light, Patent take from nature’s God, To chace away thy horrid night! Millenist enthusiastic! Pr.vileged by hope to dream, May your visions be prophetic, Yeur’s is nature’s fondest theme ! Should the great behest.of mercy, - Trampled man so highly bless, Fate her warranty has seal’d .“ Tke instrument shall be the PRESS!” —_—— STANZAS, ; By CHARLOTTE RICHARDSON. WRITTEN IN MAY, 1803, WHEN UNDER THE PRESSURE OF SEVERE DISEASE. OX TH after month its course has runy ; ‘Yet still no dawn of hope I see; No more will health’s reviving sua . 4’er shine on me. Chicarless to me the dawn of day, : While sinking “neath stern Sickness” power, Meridian sun, or evening grey, Or midnight hour. For fierce Disease his bow has bent, And piere’d me with his keenest dart 5 Whiie pain my vital strength has spent, And chill’d my heart& Beneath his powerd strive in vain In balmy rest my eyes to close 5 From opium’s aid alone I gains A short repose, O! when 144 O! when will all those sorrows cease, Whose weight o’erpowers my fainting breast ? When shall this fluttering heart find peace, And be at rest ? Be still, my soul, with patience wait, And meekly bear the chastening rod 3 Remember ail thy suffering state Is known to God. Doubt not his care and tender love, Although his dealings seem severe, Strive by affliction to improve, And him revere. What! though disease thy days consume, . Soon death will bring a sweet release, And thou within the silent tomb Shalt rest in peace, Dust unto dust shalt thou return, While the immortal soul shall fly, By heavenly messengers upborne, To God on highs —_— sx TRANSLATION FROM THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE #NEID. V. The Elysian Fields. EACH solemn rite and due ablution past, They reached the fair Elysian Vales at last 5 Where blessed spirits pass the joyous hours In pleasant groves and ever-verdant bow’rs, A wide-extended zther, pure and bright, Over these fair regions casts its purple light; — To them are other stars and planets given, A brighter sun illuminates their heaven, Here some in grassy theatres were seen To urge the race or combat on the green 5 Some lead the jocund dance, and some re- hearse, (Joined to delicious sounds) immortal verse. The Thracian bard, in flowing robes ar- ray’d, There lay reclined amid’ the flowery shade, And waked with nervous hand and glorious © fire The seven full tones of his harmonious lyre. ~The heroic chiefs of Teucer’s line, | By heaven ordained in ‘happier days to shine, Tus, and old Assaracus, appeared, And .he who first Troy’s fatal bulwarks reared. Their scatter'd arms a‘ar #Eneas saw, And airy chariots, struck with sacred awe s ancient Their spears deep fixed, their generous steeds! unbound, » That sought their pasture o'er the unstinted ' ground. Those who, alive, delighted in the car, Oy loved to train the glossy steed to war, Tho’ now transported to a happier plain, Their ancient pleasures after death retain. ‘ Original Poetry. ‘The priests, whose lives were pure of sin and _ Years move with winged feet, And Death leads on a ia vo But if religion wa ay (Sept. 1, Others, apart, the wondering chief sure | veys, Who in sweet choirs the lofty pzan faisey Amidst the odoriferous laurel-wood, — Whence flows to earth great Po’s eternal flood, The glorious warriors for their country — slain, Stain, The pious bands that wove celestial song, Those to whose fame invented arts belong, Those, whose deserts, immortal as their name, Secure on earth an everlasting fame, All those amidst the happy shades were found, Their sacred heads with snow-white garlands bound, “ay : EMMELCES: —— ; ODE TO EVENING. MED Ev’ ning, oh, arise! And o'er the azure skies Thy dusky mantle spread3 Then ’midst thy pleasing gl On some lone mould’ring tom I'll pensive rest my head, ~ And think on all the a The sorrows and the fears. The mad ambitious brave Whilst Death with scornful ‘ide, Their folly to deride, Stands pointing at the gravee But a few hours are fled, Since golden Phebus shed His lustre from on high; uy Ev’ning succeeds to noon, Then fades away as soon, And gloomy night is nigh, So-youth’s bright beams decay, _ Emit a fainter ih ; Then cease to yield their light ; 4 The circle is compleat, ‘The soul, iste: is calm, a tips Kind angels sovthe to rest, - Heav’n bursts upon the sight, With endless glories bright; © aind hails its ent’ring gue bs a - —=—_—_ ; on LEAVING BELLEVILLE, TO RESIDE IN LONDON, FAREWELL! ! my friends, Boaipenioni: of my youth, Farewell ! those scenes where friendship, lovey - and truth, ( Combined to form the happiest hours I knew 3 Those hours, as moments, ah! ay swift they flew. Adicul -1808.] “Adiew ! ye spreading oaks, in yon fair vale, Beneath whose shade each shepherd tells his sii tale 5 “Where tender maidens chaunt their ev’ning song, As hand in hand they trip the plains along. Adieu !- sweet songsters of the grove, adieu ! Farewell to love, to solitude, and you: Qh! are those scenes so lov’d for ever past > Each bright’ning prospect is at once o’ercast. Nought from my mind shall those lov’d é scenes erase, Bat oft my mem’ry those blest days retrace 5 + Po), NN. THOMAS JEFFERSON’s (SOUTHWARK), - and others, for a Machine for finishing, glazing, and glossing of Leather. FJ NDEPENDENTLY of the combinati- on of the several parts of the machine, as represented in the specification, the pe- culiar principles and properties of the in- vention consist, first, in placing any con- _ venient number of glazing or graining cy- lindrical rollers, at the extreme diameter of a wheel, or circular platesto which (a they are connected, with the ability of ex- tending or contracting the distance of the extreme of eachi roller or glazer from the centre of the wheels or plates to which _ they are joined, by any suitable machi- nery capable of promoting an accurate — ailjustment of the rollers or glazers over the whole extent of their length; which _ properties insure the same correctness of adjustment to any number of rollers or _ glazers, by which they are rendered ca- pable of traversing in one and tlie same circle, bearing in all their parts upomany* _- curve of the same radius which they de-, scribe. “A body of rollers or glazers so. placed upon’ a revolving spindle, axle, or _ shaft, act as so many burnishers, glazers or grainers on any docile surface with. _ which they come incontact, The degree _ of gloss which their friction will necessa~, rily create depends entirely on the velo- ' city, pressure, aud quality of the.mate- rial on which they may-act.—Secondly : Tn the construction of the table which’ ; ives or supports the leather while the. ing rollers, &c. act ‘on it, it must be: efully observed that the extreme of the lazing rollers, while connected to the evolving shaft, describe a cirele suitabie, 4 to the curve of the tabie. When the rol-. Jers or glazers are thus adjusted to the ta- __ ble, it is brought up t0 any required de~» gree: of contact with them, having the - Montury Mas, No, 175. ‘ New Patents lately enrolled. 145 Thy lonely walks exchang’d for’ London's throng, . : The lark’s gay notes for Catalani’s song. Each wintry cloud shall now forsake the : skies, The sun in more than usual splendour rise; With joy Til hail my dear; my native ain, ‘ With joy Pil greet my Belleville’s shade again. Crk. ii. 4 7 ____—sCNEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. = ~ leather to be glazed placed between them and the table; she leather being therein subject to any degree of discretionary pressure which the operator may de- termine on, , The table approaching the revolving shaft, not only enables the lea~ ther to be passed across, but dowr the ta- ble in any required direction, while the roller-shaft is moving at any rate of velo- city; the quantity of any skin of leather to be glazed ata revolution of the roller shaft will depend on the length of the glazing roller, the length of the skin lying on the table, and the specd with which: it is moved across. the table to feed the operation of the glazing rollers. «The approach of the table to, the roller-shaft secures also the whole surface of any skin of leather being perfectly glazed or grained, notwithstanding any inequality in its substance, as the table accommodates. ~ such inequalitics by advanging to, and re treating trom, the revolving shaft as often as the inequalities in the substance of the leather may eccur. Under all cireums stances of inequality in the thickness of ‘the leather, it. is still, however, by the power of the table, at all times eapable of creating an uniformity of pressure, if re= guisite; which contributes Jargely to pro- duce an uniformity of gloss ever the whole surface of any skin of leather, note withstanding the inequalities of substance ‘and the «impediments, of holes which many skins of leather possess.—Thirdly < In adopting a discretionary means which shall determine the exact degree of coun tact to which the table shall approach, the roller-shaft. The apparatus for secnring this object is denominated the ‘ Table- guide, or Stop.” By the application of this -apparatus the table is prevented from running, jn upon the. rollers,. when the force to bring he table up to them is ee a applied, 146 applied, besides protecting the leather to be glazed from being injured by * what are termed the blows of the rol- lers,” which create those indentations on the Jeather, which can seldom, if ever, be eradicated comptetely by any subsequent degree of exertion which may be devoted to the skin. The principles of this in- , vention may be reduced under thrée ge- neral heads: First, The facility with which any number of gazing rollers are made to traverse in one precise channcl; and the readiness with which an adjustment of all their parts is produced. Secondly, The table which supports the leather pos- sessing an- amplitude of discretionary ower to approach to, and recede from, the roller-shaft at pleasure, with the full power of resisting the pressure of the’ rollers at any given ratio, between the impeller and the retarder. PhirdlysPhe application of an adjustable stop *te the table, whichy determines how near the ta- ble shall ach the rollers, and which furnishes a complete protection to the rollers and the leather against any effort of advance which may be directed to the table. In whatever way these properties or principles can be atchieved or obtain- ed, the patentees regard as their own in- vention, , = MR. JOHN SHORTER MORRIS'S (PANCRAS PLACE,) for a Mangling Machine. This machine, which is described with drawings, in the specification, will man- gle almost all descriptions of linen; but New Patents tately enrolled; . (Sept. 15, with a wheel on the axis of each of thé bottom cylinders, and a pinion between them, with the fly-wheel on the pinion, and ‘motion given from the fly-wheel: in this manner we are told Jt- passes over all inequalities with yreat ease. And the patentee declarés, that his machine mangles with greater ease, performs its work better, and with more expedition than any before invented. Sa Seeiemhie aero MR. CHARLES LUcas Brracn’s (GREAT QUEEN-STREET,) for ‘an Improvement in the Construction~of the Roofs of Carriages, the upper Parts of which are made to fall dawn, — | * Mr. Lucas deseribes the nature of his invention in ‘the following manner: Frame and fix in the top quarter rails to the tops of the standing pillars and slats, and fx the slats to the neck plates; rab= bit the inner parts of the standing pillars, the top quarter rails and the slats, and - board them with thin deals, or other proper material. L e€ crownepieces or cornice rails, be longstnough to level: or mitre into the corne top of the standing pillars; and let inthe hinges and thimble catches on the top of the crown- pieces, and top of the quarter rails. Vix -on the hoop sticks and back and front rails, and board them all up except the two hoop-sticks, which are nearest to the hinges, which may be placed as close as possible to admit of the head striking: conveniently low. Conceal or let inone or more boxed locks to the centre hoop if any. large irregular luinps ate formed ppiicks, or at. least the hoop-sticks by the linen rolied round the roller, band is put round all the rollers : hence, ca ite the'thimble catches, and fix them so as that they may be opened: by a key on when the top rolleris put in motion, it theimside of the carriage. Stretch strong will communicate motion to the two hot- tom rollers, and oblige the other roller to cunvas, or other fit material, and nail it, - , ‘ erwise fasten it, bath on the inside» act with them; sometimes a fly-wheel is and the outside of the slats and elb By fixed to the axis of the top roller, or a wheel with teeth on the axis of each of the bettomrollers, and one between them and sit betieen with flocks or tow, or other fit’ material. Likewise stretes, and nail on or fasten canvas, or any other: to connect them. Then the fly-wheel proper material, to the top hoop-sticks om may be put on the axis of either of those wheels: the fly-whcel to be on the op-" posite side of the machine to the handle. As a substitute for the platform and iron weights, a box may be suspended, in which SOMME, gravel, or any sub- stance may be placed to act as a weight. The utility ofthis machine is not confined “to mangling only, but may be used as a copper-plate printing-press, a letter co- pying machine, or a evlindrical press. #rom experiments, it appears te act best the roof which are nearest the hinges be- fore you put on the leather covering.” ervations.—In travellingy a carriage: ‘on this construction will carry one ‘more imperials on its roof, without, in- terfering with the regular process of . * opening it, and when in that Situation, will remain without doing the least im-~ jury to eens parts. ‘The spring cur= tains'to th aus remain without being removed, whereas those on the old: plan, were obliged to be taken dowm, | f. . § MRas a A PD. ‘ “45 | 18¢8.] ‘List of New _MR. JAMES CAPARN’S, (LEICESTER,) for @ Machine for discharging Smoke from » Smoking Chimneys. This machine, which is denominated Caparn’s Smoke Disperser, and which is invented fur the prevention and cure of smoky chimntes, is to be placed on the tep of the chimney over the vent or efifice, and secured thereto by brick- work, or by any other method which may be deemed expedient. The funnel of the chimney should be cleared from all contractions or other obstructions, which might impede the smoke in its passage into the body of the machine. _ The current, through the chimney, gives \ arotary horizontal motion to the flyers ~ or vans, at the top of the machine, which | j | ©. List o | ~ of New Publications | that can. » (Post pid ), an they will always b & “ AGRICULTURE. Waite COMMUNICATIONS | to the Board of Agriculture, on Subjécts*relative to the Husbandry and internal Improvement of the . Memoirs of the Public and Private Life with Wee a of his Diar and Journal, by J. Styles. 4s. ; Life o ral Washington, by Aaron Baricroit, Os 6d. pire * _ Memoirs of the Life and Happy Death of 1s. ’ Wilberforce Smith. rietor of the: Monthly Maga- } he shall not be considered as ing an improper feeling of egotism, uding himsélf upon his readers\to state it the contents of this work se alate Sibulus; written with an apparent spirit of “tandour, but totally destitute of the essential lities of truth and authenticity. For the ’ ‘donable crime of having been successful in Dusiness, and for discharging ‘the dutics of a - o - - | ' rr F NEW PUBLICATIONS IN —— a ’ k , contawned in the Monthly Magazine, is the PLETE LIS! PUBLISHED, and consequently the only. one 7 useful’ to the Public for Purposes of general Reference, -it is requested _. that anchnsand abl ars will continue 10 communicate Notices of thei Works e faithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENCE, ce ty London and County of Middlesex. 5s P : ois of t ite and Writings of Sir Sidney, by Thomas Zo . Pre- The Life of Day id Brainard, Missiqnaggge . £ Tab les. 5s. 64. : cy be Beg “« Publications 147 thereby disperse the smoke and prevents the action of the atiaosphere from re- turning it into the funnel of the chimney. The machine, and its several parts are represented in the drawings delineated in the margin of the specification, The external case of the machine, and alsa’ the flyers, and the rim to which the sane are rivetted, may be made of iron, cop- per, or tin. Theeross-hars may be made of irouy,and the spindle of steel, har~ dened at.the point working in the female cenue. The female centre may also be .toade of steel,-of iron faced with steel, hardened at the part receiving the spin- die, aud the twa eylinders may be of iron, &c, - Ans Life of Abraham Newland, esq. 6s. A Biographical Peerage of the Empire of Great Britain; in which ate Memoirs and Characters of the most celebrated persons of Country, vol. vi. 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Free, 5s v han pg ia public office with imtegiiiy and independence, he has been the subject of various imper- finent observations and contemptible notices, which are as much beneath his attention, as he conceives they are that of the judicious part of the public, For himself, he cannot conceive that the events of a life, marked only by an umeinitting andi sedulous atten» tion to business, can in any degree be a le» gitimate object of public curiosity. A Familiar 148 A Familiar Introduction to the Study of Geography, and the Use of the Globes, by J-.Bidlake. 2s, ‘ ; The Grammar of the English Language, including numerous Exercises on every Rule, and Queries in the manner of those in Gold- smith’s Grammar of Geography ; treating dis- tinctly, Completely and practically, of Or- tkoepy, Orthography, the Accidence, Ety- mology, Syntax, Prosody, Composition, and Rhetoric, by the Rev. 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MONTHLY RETROSPECT OF THE FINE ARTS. ° The Use of all New Prints, and Communications cating Arti THILE innumerable es of ancient art have jettageaege lated in France by the great -plunderer of the territory, the wealth and the | ty of nations, England, if not Ww tful, he ppeared i in general very. > solici to enrich he a the pursuit of merely ornamental aequisiti And, in truth, if they can be ob ain such’ means only as have been emp byed “ by our rival, main of, Ami * m the better. Fis to the English admirer of dipinse nd so great a treasure as the Elgin ction safely deposited in our own. reflect with pleasure, that, instead of @ gratification procured by ensed system of public extortion and plunder, the mansion .of this nobleman has been enriched, it is to be hoped, by the fairest 44 means, and the most friendly DPEpe ieee ; guts telligence, are requeg ole services Ren sere) by our ‘comb to oF Bho servi in which his lordship was resi- dent in the character of a public minis- ter, are said to have facilitated the pro- ject of transporting the treasures of Athens to London, A detail of the , measures by which the removal of masses of the most refined art (at once so value able and so weighty) was obtained, would » not be without considerable i interest. the more destitute we re- Some account of the original situation me these works of sculpture having been iven in the Monthly Magazine,* is hoasted superiority of t ‘various museums and cabinets of ee y requisite z at present to consider French capital, it is no small comp aheir merits in point of art. | ~. There can be no fear r of exaggeration in asserting that the various fragments (for there is scarcely a figure ina perfect state) which compose this collection, present one of the finest assemblages of ments of ancient sculpture, ungues- today, in England, and perhaps in the * Sec a letter signed G, Cumberland. world, ‘world. 150 Monthly Retrospect Mutilated as the statues are, without heads, without arms, without legs, and their surface impaired by the corrosive influence of the air and rain, they still hold their place in the classes of the most perfect art, and fully an- swer the mighty fame of the age in which they were produced, and of thé all-ac- complished sculptor under whose super- intendance (and probably from whose : designs) they were wrought. -Beus. The statue of Tuesrus represents the hero seated on a lion’s or tiger's skin, The large, majestic forms of: the limbs, indieate his elevated character. The neck rises from the trunk like a beauti- ufithe head is com= ful column; the air pod mmMenified.” The chest, back. » thighs, all have the same large and massy © shape. In nothing they deviate from nature, except in their coos so entire a correspondence of beautiful limbs being seldom found in real life.* Tt is to be remarked that. this «statue, executed under the eye of the immortal Phidias, is not of that species of form which artists and connoisseurs have de- nominated édecl, It exhibitsa pure and intelligent representation of beautiful nature. Sucli as Theseus is here shown, such Theseus might have been. The fragment of exquisite sculpture, known by the appellation of the Lorsa of Michel Angelo, of which a cast is placed near to the Theseus, has here a happy effect in contributing to shew the contrast of the two modes of ante inate and the ideal. Both speeimens may be regarded as at the summit of their clai may be justly auestioned when ames markabile for their superior beauties, are tist in the very “ torrent, temp a Juno ; two groups, viz. Dia @- @$ it were, whirlwind of passion, bey tona ; and Ceres und Proserp fa Cas erance that gave it smoothness.” f E. has several times pro- lance ef some of our famous pugilists in his gallery, for the purpose of comparing them with the forms of the The- The Royal Academicians have been invited to this interesting exhibition, and the general report is consistent with the above remark. The body of Gregsor, for in- stanee, is said to yield nothing to the Greek _ hero in strength or symmetry: his legs are ot of equal beauty, bi of the Fine Arts. — [Sept. 1, nephora, or Basket-carrier, which pro- babiy served asthe support of a column. Of ali these, the last only retains its head. ‘The regret felt at the mutilated state of the others is heightened by the - exquisite beauty of the rewaining forms. In each of them the disposition of the drapery, the character of the limbs, the apparent softness of the flesh, the air of the, whole figure unvaryingly appropriate to the particular attitude, ave of that eminent quality that claims the admira- tion of the spectator, and the reverence of the student. - The drapery of the Ca- nephora is not of the same superior de- scription; it is dry aid still, and though the folds are ve ye we fail in the appe Pe ance of lightness. A draped figure of Vielory, and an In- | dian Bacchus, as well some others, are well worthy of attention, : Besides these larger statues, the cole lection contains a vast suite of alto-re- lievos, representing the Battle of the La- pithe and the C tioned, anid of ‘bas: : processional train on @ ‘The latter have the t D d id. The for- cient scul ak mer ate singularly bold and mas.’ terly: they are remarkable for the beaa- tiful proportions and select forms’ of the young men, and of the equine part of the Centaurs, as well as for the curious character uniformly preserved in thehu- men iy the heads being closely stuck on the shoulders with little or no intervention of neck, and the faces con- “sider: imilar to each other, and all ofan ol ad goes character. 2 : ese figures, if they conta no posi- e evidence of the band of any particus nasier, very clearly demonstvate the ool in which they were execated. The the remaining part. of this collec- absolute riglit to sovereignty and legis- lature in. the, province of architecture, Monuments of other kinds also serve to compiete -* yo #7 atter tT sply wrought, they ys © 3g08.t7- complete the collection. Of these, a Scurabaus of extraordinary magnitude, in Egyptian granite, is not the least curious. A fragment of the head of a borse, said to have belonged to the car of Minerva, is among the rarest examples of art. From the extraordinary spirit and cha- racter of the bead, it is more probabie (as Pausanias mentions that the contest part of the sculpture of the Parthenon } that it is the head of the horse springing from the earth at tlie stroke of the Lri- dent. ; : _ Ifreport says true, that this collection is to be sold, who would mot be sorry for he country that should 1 evlect to place it among its public treasures? If report Says true, that the noble earl formed it with a view to future sales who -_ not be sorry for his lordship? But these are invidious reports, too often cireulated without the smallest foundation in truth. closed, has p i essful, that not uly the w mices of the gallery Le ZS a Including Notices of Wo ' A BIOGRAPHICAL: Index to | en Scotch, a eight Irish members, are. introduce alphabetical order, as vel as the be of bishops, which Javits, of Bath, has in the press an Inquiry int Carditis, or the Inflamination of the ustrated by Cases and. Diss¢ Dr. Davis's design to show: faculty bave been mistaken with to the symptoms of this disease ; it is probably of more Frequaphhe currence than bas beew supposed; and that, contrary to the, assertions of our hest systematic writers, tere ace.circtuns noe by which it may someyimes be; listinguished in pracuces ie. Literary dnd Philosophical Intelligence. between Minerva and Neptune formed a“ VARIETIES, LireRAny anv PritosorHicat,’~ rksin Hand, Dontejlic and Foreign, og Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received. 1 has ugver before been YF tween the the Symptoins of © 15t were defrayed by the concourse of the public, but a very respectable dividend of profit remained for distribution at the close-of it. This iufant exhibition was last winter sanctioned by the President of the RoyalAcademy, who sent to ittwo oil pictures, painted jn fis best manner, It is tobe hoped the example of Bath may be followed by other opulent provine cial towns. (ip Hy ‘The fourth Exhibition of the Norwich Artists opened on the’ 45th of August, The number of pictures and drawings this year greatly exceeds tliat of the fore mer. They exhibit mgre attempts at originality, jn every department of the art, and Mon exertion and improve- ment in several of the ingenious members| -of this society. Mr, Bacon’s Equestrian Statue, St. Jone: aud the British Gallery, will form the subject of the retrospect 1 the ensuing number. UM) Neel There swill shortly be published two Views of Richmond, Yorkshire, from drawings by an eminent artist, and eas graved by Landseer, Mr. Wittiams, the barrister, and au- ole Law relative to the. of a Justice of the aris mae’ sae For some time past a ve warm lites rary comiroversy has been kept up bes garl of Stanxzops, Dr. Catte x, and Mr. Hawkes, on ; ment of the musical scale, tter gentleman, to provethe prace lity of his system, bash ah ore tica gan built, under his own direction, by Mr, Elliott, upon a new ‘constructiony which totally sets asidethe imperfections. hitherto ue upon that and other. keyed instruments, which have bafled the attempts of every one who has heres . tofore removed them. Mr. Hawkes’s discovery goes so far as to make every key on the organ and piano-torte, exe j , tending 1320s Etter and Philosophical Intelligence. : (Sept. 1, tending to all the flats and sharps, more perfectly in tune, upon the calculation of six to one, than the common keys, in one or two sharps.or flats, were before, and that without a single additional key; so that the performer has nothing to do but to play in the usual manner to pro- ’ duce the most delightful sounds, even the perfection of harmony itself. The organ being completed, a numerous meeting of professors and amateurs tock place at the organ-builder’s manufactory, in. Tot- tenham-court, when Mr. Samuen Wes- Ley and Mr, Jacons playedupon it fora éonsiderable time; the former played several fugues, by Bach, and exrtempore pieces; the latter, several of Handel’s fugues, and extempore pieces. ‘The gen-= tlemen present were unanimously of opi- nion that amore valuable discovery had never been made for the improvement of the musical science, as it will substitute perfection for imperfection, and pure harmony for harsh discord. —* A new biographical work, intended to contain a series of portraits of the most eminent persons now living or lately de- ceased in Great Britain and Ireland, is in a forward state of preparation. Tt will include the most distinguished charac- ters in the senate, the church, the navy and army, the learved professions and the vatious departments of literature and sci- ence; also of those who have most zea- lously exerted themselves in promoting the arts, agriculture and commerce of the country. The portraits will be elegantly and accurately drawn in an uniform man- ner, from nature or from original pictures ; and the engravings will be perfect fac- similes of the drawings. The work will be published periodically; and the first wdaber containing six portraits, each a companied by a short biographical notice will appear very soon. : : Mew. T. Comser, of Liverpool, has- just completed a work entitled, Aw Enquiry into the State of National Subsist- énce, as connected with the Progress of Wealth and Population. ie “ Hebunstro’s Treatise on Greek Me- tres, corrected from manu ties and illustrated with copious notes, is reprinting at the Clarendon press. Proposals bave been issued for pub- lishing by subscription, in six octavo vo- lumes, the Works of the Rev. J. Nrwron, late rector of St. Mary Woollnoth, London. Mr. J. Wricar has invented a por- table artificial horizon for taking altitudes either by sea or land. With this instru- ment and a quadrant, varying from those of the usual construction in having. a uscript authoti- works, than the usual mode by stoves.’ a larger horizon glass, the silver surface larger, anda different sight vane,the meris . dian altitudes of all brignt stars, as they - come to the meridian may be taken; by which means the latitude might fre+ quently be found by observations at night, and with aS much ease as by the sun at noon day; the altitudes of the moon and stars to correct the lunar problem for the longitude will also be more accurately and easily taken with it. For altitudes of the sun or moon, and for all terrestrial objects, an octant of the ordinary cous struction will answer every purpose. A laudable institution has lately been formed at Edinburgh, entitled, the An= nuity Fund, established for the benefit of governesses. It proposes, by certain rates of subscription from females em- ployed in the education of youth, to raise a tund, from which an annuity propor tioned'to the subscription of the parties is to be paid to the subscribers, after they have attained the age of fifty-five, from which period their subscriptions are to cease. An attempt is now making to enlarge the plan by raising a separate: fund, by means of an honorary subscrip- tion, to be appropriated under the direc- topes the committee of the Annuity Fund, to the relief of such extra cases of distress as may be out of the plan of the other institution. Mr. R. Bucuaway, of Glasgow, states the following instances in which heat supplied by steam, has been used toad vaitage. Mr. Richard Gillespie, finds its effect very excellent in copper-plate calico-printing, and for heating ealenders at his works. For this last purpose, and to warm his ware-housé and counting- house, the steam is conveyed to a distance ofabove ninety-three yards. Mr. Lounds, at Paisley, has fora considerable time used th leet of steam with great success — nedi tite ne muslins, and Messrs. Ley, | ‘Mason, and Co, use it now also at their leaching works, at Aberdeen. Messrs, Muir, Brown, and Co. of Glasgow, have found the heat of steam to answer mucly better at their dying and bleaching They formerly gave out their pullicates, a kind of chequered cotton handker- chiefs, to professed bleachers to be — bleached, but they never had the colours of those articles in such perfection, as they now have since they used steam ‘heat forthem. Mr. Buchanan concludes with recommending steam for warming the bed-rooms of large inns and hotels, large warehouses, and shops, churches, hospitals, and other large publi¢ omens | | F ¢ - -¥808.] a& eo pleuronectes, one sparus, At the last meeting of the Wernerian Natural History Society at Edinburgh, two communications from Colonel Mon- ue, of Knowle House, Deven, were read. One of them contained an inter. esting view of the natural habits, and more striking external appearances of the gannet-or soland goose, pelicanus bassa- mus; an account of the internal struc- ture of that bird, particalarly of the dis- tribution of its air-cells, which the inge- nious author shewed to be admirably adapted to its mode of life, and continued residence in the water, even in the mest turbulent sea, and during the most ri= gorous seasons. The second was the de- "scription and drawing of a new genus of insect which inhabits the cellular mem- _ brane of the gannet, and to which Colonel Montague gives the name of cellularia bas- sani.—Mr, P. N ert laid before the soci- ety a list of such fishes belonging to the fourLinnzan orders, apodes,jugulares,tho-= racici, and abdominales, as he had as- certained to be natives of the waters in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, accom- * panied with remarks, and illustrated by specimens of some of the rarer species, Of the apodes he enumerated four species belonging to three genera: two to mu- Tena, ove anarhichas, and one ammo- dytes. Of the jugulares he mentioned thirteen species, belonging to three ge- nera; one callionymus (the gemmeous ' dragonet), for, from examining many spe- cimens, the author had concluded that the sordid dragonet of Mr. Pennant and Dr. Shaw, is not a distinct species, but merely the female of the gemimeous dra- gonet, nine of the genus gadus, and two blennius. Of the thoracici he stated twenty-two species belonging to nine genera: one gobius, two coltus, two zevs, the dorce, and the opah, (a specimen of last resplendent fish having been ken some years since off Cramond, in the Frith of Forth, and being still pre- served in the museum of P. Walker, esq.) the othed gilt-head, (a rare fish of which only two specimens have occurred in the Frith of Forth,) two perca, three gaste- roseus, and one trigla. s he bad ascertained-fourteen species, mging to seven genera: one cobitis, salmo, three esox, the pike, garpike, the saury or gandanook, (which last, though rare in England, is not uncom- mon at Edinburgh, but arrives im the Frith almost every autumn in large shoals,) three clupea, Of the genus cy- Montucy Maa, No, 175, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. « Of the abdomi-- 153 prinus, of which no fewer than ten spe= cies inhabit the rivers and ponds of Eng- land, including the carp, tench, gudgeon, dace, roach, -breamn, &c. only one insig- nificant species, namely, the common minnow, is found near Edinburgh. OF the genus scomnber, the mackrel is caught in the entrance of the Frith of Forth, Mr, Neill, reserved the notice of the amphihia nantes. of Linnzus, including the ray tribe, tilla future meeting. The production of fire by the mere compression of atmospheric air, was a fact first observed about three years ago in France. This curious discovery has Jately been applied to practical utility in . this country, by means of an instrument which answers all the purposes of that well-known article in domestic economy, a tinder-box. It consists of a common syringe, about ten inches long, and not more than five-eighths of internal bore. At the lower extremity it is furnished with a.cap which serves as a chamber to receive the substance to be fired, and is attached: to the instrument by a screw, Instead of this cap, a common stop= cock may be employed. To use the in- strument, the cap is unscrewed, or the stop-cock turned, a small piece of ama= dou or common tinder, is placed in the chamber, and the cap is screwed on again. If the piston of the instrament be now depressed with as quick a motion as possible, the condensation of the air is so active, as to set the amadou on fire. . Mr.-Georce Sincer is constructing an electrical apparatus with a cylinder eighteen inches in diameter, which, from experiments made with cylinders of ning and fifteen inches diameter, promises to afford at least equal intensity and regu- larity of action with plate machines. A series of experiments will be shortly in- stituted on this apparatus, and their re- sults communiéated to the public. © A new edition is in the press of the First Part of Dr, Hull’s British Flora. Mr, James Pu@nrx, of Liverpool, has found that there is a great difference be+- tween electrical shocks from a Leyden phial filled from the conductar in the common way, and those filled as follows. He stood on an insulated stool, laid one finger on the prime conductor, and filled the jar from the other ; when on receiving the shocks, he found them so consider ably augniented, that two taken in this manner incommoded him more than a dozen in the common method, We * , 154 We are desired by Mr. Ricwarp Lovet, Eoeewortn, esq. of Edgeworth’s Town, to state that Miss Maria Edge- worth, of Edgeworth’s Town, is not the author of the Match-Girl,’or Adelaine, or Adeline, tior of any book that has not been published by Johnson. Sir Ricwarp Puiturps, one of the present sheriffs, has announced for pub- lication in September, A Letter to the Livery of London, on the Constitutional Duties of a Sheriff, and on the circum- stances which have attended his execu- tion of them. It is in contemplation to revive the publication of that very useful work, the Montuty Precepror, under the title of the Scnoonr Macazine. ‘The same edi- tors are engaged, and prizes will be dis- tributed as before, The Rev. Tuomas Broapuurst, of Bath, will shortly publish a small volume in octavo, containing Observations ad- dressed to the Young Ladies of Mrs, Broadhurst’s Establishment for Educa- tion in that City, on the great Necessity and Importance of Mental Cultivation, also a Review of a Regular Course of various Reading, on subjects of Science and Literature, together with Advice and Directions for the Conduct of Feinales in genteel Life, on their entrance into the World. Mr. Accum’s Lectures on Experimental Chemistry and Analytical Mineralogy, commence at the Chemical Laboratory, Compton-street, Soho, October the 18th. The Lectures on Experimental Chemis- try, comprise the Practical Operations ot the Scientific Laboratory; general Rules to be observed in the performance of Experiments, and Summary Experi- mental Elucidations of the Science of Chemical Philosophy. The Lectures on Analytical Mineralogy devolve to the Artof distinguishing Minerals, the Modes of examining them by Chemical Agen- cies; and. general process of Analysis, with a Summary View of Minerelogical Science, and its application to the useful Arts. Sr. Barrnotomew’s Hosprrat.—The Autumnal Courses of Lectures will com- mence on Saturday, October 1, at two o'clock in the Medical Theatre of this Hospital, in the following man- ner :— On the Theory and Practice of Medicine, by Dr. Ronee rs and Dr. Powrrt. Qn Anatomy. and Physiology, by Mr. ABERNETRY. Anatomical Demonstrations, by Mr. Law- RENCE. ~ Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. ees: [Sept.. 1, = On Comparative Anatomy, by Mr. Mac® ARTNEY. -~ ’ On the Theory and Practice of Surgeryy by Mr. ABERNETAY. On the Theory and Practice of Midwifery, by Dr. Toy nwe. On Chemistry, by Dr. Hug. Mr. Canpve will commence his Lee« tures on Anatomy, Surgery, &c. on the 1st of October, at No. 50, Dean-street, Soho. Dr. Crarge and Mr, Crareg, will begin their winter course of Lectures on Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Children, on Wednesday, October 5. The Lectures are read every day at the house of Mr. Clarke, No. 18, Upper John-street, Golden-square, from a guar= ter past ten o’clock in the morning, till a — quarter past eleven, for the convenience of students attending the hospitals. For particulars apply to Dr. Clarke, No. 4, New Burlington-street, or to.Mr, Clarke, No. 10, Upper John-street, Golden- square, : Mr. Jonn Taunton, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of London, Surgeon to the City and Finsbury Dis- pensaries, to the City Truss Society, &c. will commence his Autuninal Course of Lectures on Anatomy, Physiology, Pa- thology, and Surgery, on the ist of Octo- ber, in Greville-street. The Autumnal Course of Lectures at St. Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals will commence the beginning of October,. At St. Thomas’s— Anatomy, and the Opera- ‘tions of Surgery, by Mr. Cringe and Mr Cooper. Principles and Practice of Surgery, by Mr Coorer. — Wp At Guy’s—Practice of Medicine, by Dr Barincton and Dr. Curry. Chemistry, by Dr. Bazineton, Mr. Marcer, and Mr. ALLEN. Experimental Philosophy, A Mr. ALLENs. Theory of Medicine, and Materia Medicay by Dr. Curry and Dr. Cuormerey. : Midwifery, and Diseases of Women and Children, by Dr. HaicuTon. ear Physiology, or Laws of the Animal CEcos nomy, by Dr. HaicGuTon. Clinical Lectures on Select Medical Cases, by Dr. Basineron, Dr. Curry, and Dr. MaRgcerT. ; Fs Structure and Diseases of the Tgeth, by Mr. Fox. | These several Lectures are so arranged, — that no two of them interiere in the hours of attendance ; and the whele, ‘ogether withthe _ Lectures on Ana‘omy, and those on the Prin- cipies and Practice of Surgery, given at the Theatre of St. Thomas's Hospital adjoining, is calculated to form a Complete Course of Medical and Chirurgical Instructions, Mr, - : oOo 1808.] “Mr. Tuomas’s Lectures on the Prin- tiples and Operations of Surgery, will -* Commence early in October, as usual. A Prospectus inay be had at his house, Leicester-place, or at the Theatre of An- atomy, in. Windmill-street. Dr. Buxton will, on Monday, Octo- ber 3, commence a Course of Lectures at the London Hospital, on the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and one on Materia Medica, The Medical Lectures in the Univer- sity of Glasgow, will begin on Tuesday “the ist of November, at the following honi's :— Dietetics,Materia Medica,and Pharmacy,by Dr. Mitvag, at ten o’clock in the forenoon. Midwifery, by Mr. TowErs, at eleven, Theory and Practice’ of Physic, by Dr. Freer, at twelve, Anatomy and Surgery, by Dr. at two e’clock in the afternoon, Chemistry and Chemical Pharmacy, by Dr. CLEGHoRN, at seven. Clinical Lectures on the cases of patients in the Royal Infirmary, on Thursday evening the 10th of November, at six. « Dr. Brown will commence his Lectures on Botany about the beginning of May next. Dr. Forxurs, of Edinburgh, is engaged on a Translation of Pliny’s Natural His- tory, which isto be accompanied ‘with such notes and illustrations as may be necessary to elucidate the context, a Life of the Author, and a Preliminary Dissertation on the Origin of Natural History, and on its progress and gtadual improvement from infancy, to its pre- ‘sent state of comparative maturity. The translator in thus announcing his in- Jerrray, to observe, that the thirty-seven books of the Natural History of Caius Plinius Secundus, may justly be regarded as the st inquisitive and industrious author, has collected all the facts recorded by _ every Greek and Roman writer, previous _ to his own time, concerning the animal, the vegetable, and the mineral king- doms; and detailed in a clear and lumi- nous arrangement, all that the aceumu- lated experience of past ages had ascer- tained relative to the nature of animals ny, botany, medicine, , Pliny’s work may be divided into : parts, geography, natural histo- » and the materia medica. Of his geographical inquiries, the most impor- tant perhaps are, his Strictures on the Interior Part of Africa. He detived the Sources of his information on this subject, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. tention to the public, may be permitted | encyclopedia of antiquity, since the and vegetables, to meteorology, astro- chemistry,’ 155 from the Carthaginians; and from what he has recorded respecting the natives and products of these regions, it appears that the ancients were much better in- formed than the moderns are, regarding this quarter of the globe, which from re- cent events, and the consequences likely to ensue from a great act of national Justice, deservedly excites in this coun- try no sinall share of public interest. The Materia Medica exclusively occu- pies fifteen books, and constitutes a most curious and instructive department ef the author's investigations. It cans not be denied that Pliny discovers his ignorance in particular points, and that he records with great gravity many ab- surd fables, and anile stories. But he perhaps might have adopted the language of Quintus Curtius Eguidem plura tran- scribo, quam credo, (Lib, 1X. cap 1.) and we know that he occasionally discovers a proper degree of scepticism on various points which come under his review, and directs his severe rebukes against the vanity and self confidence of the Greek authors, from whom he-derived his in- formation, And notwithstanding all the censure to which he is obnoxious on the score of credulity, his eloquent and ine structive history must ever be regarded, as an immortal monument of its author’s indefatigable industry, and Roman spi-+ rit. Pliny’s History is indéed to be ¢onsi-= dered as an inyaluable treasure, more especially on account of its containing an infinite. number of excerpts and ob- servations, illustrative of the various subjects of which the author treats; ex- tracted from the books of many ancient writers, whose works have perished through the injury of time. It may then appear surprising that no English trans- lation of this admirable work, has been offered to the public, for more than two centuries. It is the present translator's wish to supply to the best of his abilities, (such as they are) this desideratum in English literature. One great object which the translator will keep in view in his notes and illustrations shall be to ac- ‘commodate Pliny’s descriptions of ani- mals, plants, and minerals, to the no- menclature of the Systema Natura Lin net. This, he is duly aware, will con- stitute by much the most difficult part of his labour, and he despairs of execu- ting it with full satisfaction either to the public or to himself. But as in the pres sent state of natural history a transla- tor of Pliny’ cannot be excused from making the attempt, he may be permit- "ted ‘ -* 156 ted to hope, that he shall be able to con- tribute jn some degree at least, towards wits accomplishment. thus enlarged must extend to six or se- ven volumes in octavo; and will be pub- lished either in separate volumes succes- sively, or when the whole shall have been finished, as future circumstances may render adviseable. The translator will render all-the diligence and dispate in the execution ef bis task, which his health—other necessary avocations—the contingencies of life—the extent and the difficulty of the undertaking, may enable him to command. The Rev. W. Davy, of Lustleigh, near Moreton, Devon, has lately completed a System of Divinity, and ‘compilation from polite writers and eminent divines, &c. in 26 vols. 8vo. containing 13,000 pages, of which only fourteen copies are printed. The work was compiled and written out by Mr. Davy alone, who, though ignorant of the art of printing, with a few worn-out types, printed off one page ata time, by himself, at a press made with his own bands. He began the work ten years ago. emt RUSSIA. During the year 1807, the number of births at St. Petersburgh was—males $961; females 3639,—total 7600. The deaths.in the same period amounted to 10,567. There were 1064 inarriages of the Greek religion 244 of the Protestant, and 48 of the Catholic; making in all 1851. The greatest mortality took place in November and December, and the least in February Major-General Brankenacer, who. in 1802, established a manufactory of su- gar from the beet-rvot, obtained a loan from government and permission to sell a ‘ theusand measures of the spirit extract- ed from the refuse of the root. Ac- cording to a statement published by the minister of the home department, this manufactory is now able to furnish a considerable quantity of excellent sugar, the quality of which has been investiga- ted by a committee of chemists. The like encouragement is promised in the emperor’s name to all who are disposed to turn their attention to this branch of industry. ° ' “, GERMANY. An immense heap of fossile bones, supposed to be those of the rhinoceros, elephant, and hyena, species has recently been discovered at the foot of the Harz mountains, between Dorst and Oste- rede, - Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. The translation . a [Sept. 1, Tn the university of Halle, which now belonys to the newly-created kingdom of - Westphalia, ail the former establisliments are to be kept up, and some are even to be enlarged. Several celebrated literati have been invited to fill the chairs vaca- ted by such of the former professors as have removed to Berlin. Among the rest Wahl, the) oriesitalist, and Vater and Ersch, well known for their philological talents, have obtained appointments, One of the professors of Merseburg, desirous of exciting ‘he emulation of his pupils, lately introduced to them a boy aged seven years and ten mouths, The child listened attentively to the Greek lesson given by the professor, . who requested him to continue it. To the astonishment of all the scholars, they heard him explain a passage in Piutarch, with which he was previously unacquains ted, to the general satisfaction of all present. Csesar’s Commentaries were then put inte his hands, and he transia- ted with the greatest perspicuity the passages which had puzzled the other pupils. He. was also examined, during this translation, on the subject of the ana- lytical part, and acquitted himseli ex tremely well. He likewise translated from an Italian book, which a person present happened to have with him, and afterwards conversed in that languaye, This conversation proved that he posses~ sed extensive geographical and historical attainments. Fortunately for this-wons - derful child, he enjoys a good constitus tion and excellent health. Dr. Norupen has prepared for the press a collection of German Exercises, as a companien to his Grammar; awork which will be of particular service to those who wish to acquire an accurate and practical knowledge of German compos sition. Ae: the references to the grammar, the notes contain numerous il- lustrations of the idioms of that language. The author intends to follow up this pub- lication with a volume of extracts from the best German authors, which he also desizns asa vehicle for remarks and ob- servations, explanatory of peculiarities and difficulties that are to be met with in. the construction and phraseolagy of the German language. , FRANCE, ‘ In the report which the class of ma- thematical and physieal sciences of the Institate of France, published of its pro- ceedings in 1807, mention is made of a new improveinent in the Newtonian-re- flecting telescope, This improvement consists, 1808.) - eonsists in placing the small plane mirror in the middle of the telescope, perpen- dicularly on its axis and not obliquely, which diminishes by one half, the length of the reflector. The astronomer Schu- bert was directed to examine it, and the following report by him is inscribed in the registers of the academy:—“ That this very ingenious invention afforded a more simple method of constructing telescopes of larger dimensions than any hitherto made, and yet convenient for use: that it was astonishing that no per- son should have before hit upon the same idea, which resulted from the principles of the Newtonian telescope; and finally, that a reflector constructed according to this method would not only have the ad- vantage of diminished length, over those of Newton and Herschel, but would likewise permit the observer to place himself in front of the object he is desi- tous of examining, and to take a conve- nient position which he has afterwards no occasion to change. The foilowing official publication from the office of the minister of the interior, has lately appeared in the French jour- nals.“ The hopes which were enter- tained relative to the use of the wood of the chesnut tree in intermittent fevers, are strengthened by recent experiments. This is sufficient to excite the attention of all the officers of health, who, in the approaching season of fevers will ‘neces- sarily be at a loss for a substitute for Je- suits’ bark. The high price and extreme searcity of that precious drug, will for- bid the use of it. The small quantities which they may possess, should be re= served for cases when the withholding it might endanger the life of the patient, But to derive advantage from chesnut bark, it is necessary to have large quan- tities of it ready prepared and reduced to powder, ‘To this end attention should be paid to collect without delay, a crop of an article that promises to be of such important service, by lopping the small branches, and taking off the bark, which must first be dried and then pulverized. The precautions here mentioned are par- ticularly recommended by the minister of the interior, to the administrators of all hospita!s and charitable institutions, as well as to apothecaries in general. _ A bookseller of Paris, has announced his intention to publisha new and impor- tant work relative to Spain, by ALEXAN- DER DE LA Borpve, author of the splen- did Picturesque Travels in that country. It will be entitled, a Descriptive Guide through Spain, forming five volumes og- Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 157 tavo, and will contain a statement of the different branches of industry, polity, and government, of that kingdom; its natural history; the characters and man- ners of its inhabitants; and the state of the arts, sciences, and literature, -at different periods of its history. AMERICA. The government of the United States, influenced by an enlightened policy, continues to adopt measures for ascer= taining the value and extent of the reyi- ons which it has acquired by treaty and purchase beyond the Mississipi. For this purpose, Captain Prxe, on his re- turn from his voyage to the sources of that river, was dispatched by the presi« dent on another expedition of discovery. He was attended by a military escort of twenty-two, and by Dr. Robinson of St. Louis, who accompanied bim asa vo- lunteer on the former occasion. The ad- venturers proceeded up the Missouri to the Osage river, and pursued their course along it, till they arrived at the towns of that nation. They there undertook the office of mediators between the Osages and their neighbours, the Kanzas; be- tween whom, a war of extermination had been for some time carried on. Hav ing succeeded in this, Captain Pike proceeded from the banks of the Kanzas River, where the accommodation was ef= fected, across the country to the River Arkansa, At this great stream, the par- ty divided; and while one portion, under Lieutenant Wilkinson, descended to ex- plore it to its junction with the Mississi- pi, Captain Pike,-with the other divisi- on, ascended towards its source. From the great falls where it descends from the mountains, he made an excursion to- wards the source of the river Plate, and returned to another branch of the Arkan-« sa, on which he travelled in a west-souths west direction, in expectation of finding the upper part of the Red River, in- tending to follow it downward to Nachi- toches, and the junction with the Was shita; where Mr. Dunbar had been en- gaged in exploring. In this design he failed. The Red River had been dese cribed as originating in the high moun- tains,whence issue the other great streams of Louisiana, and running a thotisand miles or more from north-west to souths east. On the supposition that this opi. nion was correct, Captain Pike kept so far to the westward, with the intention of striking it nearer to its source, that he missed it altogether; the head of the Red River not being so high, nor its course so long by far, as current reports had 158 had represented. Pursuing his journey, however, he fell in with a river which for some time he supposed to be. the Red. “Near this he fortified himself and hoisted the flag of his nation. But he had not been many days in this encampment, before he was surprised at the sight of two hundred Spanish cavalry, from whose officers he first learned that he had penetrated far within the acknowledged territory of Spain, and was actually re- siding on the margin of the Bravo or Rio del Norte—a fiver, which from its source in the mountains, to its termina- tion in the Bay of Spirito Santo is sup- posed to run alength of twenty-five hun- dred miles. After a parley and explana- tion, Captain Pike ordered his colours to be struck, and consented to accompany the Spanish escort to Santa Fé, the seat of government for that province, Here the governor contended that Captain Pike was a spy; and that the clandes- tine manner in which he had entered his territory, and the furry clothing worn by himself and his men, were evident proofs of their sinister designs. To this the American ofiicer replied, that his errand was lawful, and authorized by his go- vernment; that his instructions were to explore Louisiana, a country ceded by treaty to the United States ; and that his sppearance in Mexico arose eitirely from travelling farther to the northward than the sources of the Red River, and mistaking the Bravo for it. ‘The matter being at length explained and accommo- dated, Captain Pike and his men were permitted to return homeward. Passing down the Bravo about six-hundred miles, they then traversed the Spanish territory in an easterly direction, ill they arrived at the post of Nachitoches on the Red River, in July 1807. The general idea given of these vast regions is that of the most dismal barrenness. Their aspect is inhospitable and uninviting in the ex- treme, For many successive days not a tree, and scarcely a shrub appeared to re- lieve the dreariness of thescene. Waste and sandy-deserts occupy the principal spaces between the great rivers; aid. these extensive and level regions are in many places so impregnated: with salt, that the streams are sometimes too briny to be drunk, and the water is even capa- ble of being evaporatéd forthe purpose of obtaining thatvarticle. Thus the wilder- ness of Louisiana bears a near resem- blance to the deserts of Arabia, the plains of Tartary and the African Zaara. From its wildness and extent, it will be Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. [Sept. 1, capable of forming a lasting barrier bee tween the United States and their neigh= bours to the west-and south, This nae kedness of the country does not appear to be the consequence of fires in. the woods, changing the forests to savannas ; but of the natural sterility of the soil, owibg, in many spots, to its impregnas tion with salt, producing only a coarse and scattered grass that serves to feed the herds of bisons roaming over these dreary tracts. From the scarcity of wood, it was sometimes necessary to collect the dung of those animals for fuel, Lieutenant Wilkinson found the distance of the place on the Arkansa, where he) separated from Captain Pike, to be about fifieen hundred imilés from” the point of junction with the Mississipi. « In 1806, B. Laron} a geographer and engineer at New Orleans, published a general chart of the Orleans territory, comprehending also West Florida and a part of the Mississipi territory. The exe planations are in the French Janguage, and the whole is executed fi he most recent observations. The author states that a considerable paren of his mate- rials are quite new, such, for example, as the courses of the Mississipi, the Alas bama, Mobile, Pascagoula, Tangipao, Mitalebani, Ticfoba, Amite, Washita, Yazoo, and their different ramifications with the Mississipi, as also the Pearl, Red, and Sabine rivers. This map ex- hibits all the country on, the gulf from Pensacola to the Sabine inclusive, which computing the longitude of the former to be 89° 45’, and the latter 96° 31/ west from the meridian of Paris, makes an extent of almost seven degrees of lon~ itude. It embraces the whole space rom the south point of the Mississipi in the latitude of 29° north to the parallel of 33°, which is considerably northward of Tombigbee fort, the Yazoo mouth,’ and the settlement of Nachitoches, ma® king four degrees of latitude. The year 1607 added another impor- tant map to American geography. By the labors of JonarHan Price and Joun Srroruer, a map of the State of North Carolina, the first, it is said, from actual survey, has been compiled. It contains the whole of the extensive coast of that province from the Virginian line, a little north of Currituck inlet, to the South Carolina boundary, at Little River inlet. The new discoveries pub- lished by a resolve of Congress in March 1807, were too late to be comprehended. From its extreme, poiut of east longi- ; tude. pols ay Pee ‘ 1508. 3 4 - . - tude at Cape Hatteras, in about 75° 50’ west froin Greenwich,- this common- wealth extends to avout 84° at the west- ernmost part of its supposed junction with Tennessee, beyond the Iron, Bald, Walnut, and Smoaky Mountains, in which the territorial line is ‘not fully ascertain- ed. ‘The civil divisions into counties are distiuictly marked; and the roads, rivers, towns, places of public worship, villas, hills, and swamps, are so minutely laid down, that it may be deservedly ranked among the most instructive pub- lications of this class : The Rev. Dr. Manison, president of William and Mary College, during the year 1807, laid before the public his Map of the state ol Virginia, upon which he has been many years engaged. It includes the whole dominion from the North Carolina anc! Tennessee boundary, in 36° 30’ to the irregular line which se- | parates it from Maryland, Pennsylvania, _ Ohio, and Kentucky. ‘The longitude in this map, SIX, is re ~ Washington. — : ~ ._A fish called by the Spaniards the cur- 7 binata, the largest of which does not 7 Weigh more than two pounds, abounds ~ an the river Oronoko, in South America. * Tt is of an excellent flavour, but it is Jess _ @ppreciated for its nutritive quality than _ for two stones lodged in the head, in the f ita which the brain ought to occupy. % hey have each the shape of an almond Without the shell, and the brilliant colour of mother of pearl, These stones are bought for their weight in gold, om ac- ‘Count of their specific virtue against a _ fetention of urine. It is sufficient to _ take three. grains finely powdered in a _- Spoonful of wine or water, to cause an + wstant discharge; but_too large a dose, relaxes the muscles and occasions an ina- bility of retenticn, y rere, bimes EAST INDIES. f ~ ned from’ the capitol at ‘the insides of palaces in some parts of India, are ex ly imgenious, To all | @ppearance, much gilding is used in the Ornaments of these structures, but in agi nota grain of gold is employed. _ £9 produce this eifect a false gilding is : on paper, which is, cut mto- the of flowers, and pasted on the Walis or columns. ‘Lhe interstices are filied up with oil-colours. The talse gil- _ ded paper is thus prepared :—Any quan- "tity of Icad is taken and beaten witha ammer into Jeaves as thin’ as possible, To twenty-four parts of these leaves are 2 Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. aye. is about four feet by» t 2 __ The processes employed for finishing 159 added, three parts of English glue dis solved in water; and they are beaten up together with a hammer, till they are thoroughly united; which requires the labour of two persons for a whole day. The mass is then cut iato small cakes and. dried in the shade. These cakes can at any time be dissolved in water, and spread thin on common writing-pa= per with a hair brush, Phe paper when dry, must be put on a stnooth plank, and he rubbed with a polished stone, till it acquires’a complete metallic lustre, The edges of the paper are then pasted down upon the board, and the surface is rubbed with the palm of the hand, sinear. ed with an oily mixture called gurna, and then exposed to the sun. Qo the tullow- ing days, the same operation is repeated, when the, paper acquires a metallic yel- low lustre, which, however, more resem= bles the colour of brass than that of guld. The gurna is a mixture of linseed oil, the milky juree of the ficus gloncrata, or that of another speeies of ficus, called gont, which juice the natives call chun- derasu; and of aloes prepared-in the country, and called musambra.~ Eigh- teen pounds of the linseed oil are boiled two hours, in a brass pot; six pounds of the aloes bruised are then added, and the whole is boiled four hours more. In- to another pot, heated red hot, twelve pounds of the chunderusu is put, where it immediately melts: into ’a third pot the mixture of oil and musambra is to be strained through’a cloth. These must be kept ina gentle heat, and the chundes, rusu be ywradually added te them. The oil mast be again strained and then it is fit for use. The oil for painting consists ,Of two parts of linseed and one part of Wiiiidcras:: In white-washing their walls over the lime plaster, the workmen of Seringapatam first give a thin coat of fine clay, which is mixed with size and laid on with a hair brush.. They next give a whitening of pewdered balapam, vr pot-stone, and then finish with a coat of eight parts of abracum, or mica, one part of powdered pot-stone and one of size. The abvacum is prepared from white mica by repeated grndings, the finer particles being removed for use by washing them from the coarser parts, A wall finished in this manner, shines like the scales of a fish, and when the room is lighted up at night, bas a splen- did appearance: but in the day, a wall washed with powdered pot-stone alone looks’ better, than when washed with €ither quick-lime or mica. ; ABSTRACTS i : [ ABSTRACT OF 160 J THE PUBLIC LAWS ENACTED BY THE BRITISH LEGISLATURE. (Sept. 1; Passed in the last Session of Parliament, 48 Geo. III. anno 1808. O the new Acts of general import- ance, noticed in our last Number, (see pp. 64, 65, and 66) we have now to add the following :— ¢ 48 Geo. IIT. cap. 75. An Act for provid- ing suitable Interment in Church-yards or Parochial Burying-grounds, in England, for such dead human Bodies as may be cast on Shore from the Sea, in cases of Wreck, or otherwise.”—Passed 18th June, 1808. This Act, the commendable intention of which isso fully expressed in the title, has been long wanting, and its general provisions are in substance as follows :— In all cases where dead human bodies shall be cast on shore, the church-war- dens and overseers of the parish shall cause the same to be removed and inter- red in a decent manner in the church- yard of such parish,§ 1.; the minister of which is to perform the funeral service, at the same fees as for paupers, § 2. Persons finding such dead bodies, and giving notice thereof to the parish off- cers, are to receive from them a reward of 5s, §8.; and persons finding the same, who do not give such notice, are to for- feit 51. § 4. The above charges are to be reimburs- ed to the parish out of the county rates, §6.; and if parish officers neglect to re- move or inter dead bodies so cast on shore, after notice, they are to forfeit bl. § 7. The penalties are recoverable before a single justice, in a summary way, § 8.; and the lords of manors are to continue to pay, in aid of these charges of the pa= rish, such fees as have been usual on the interment ef such dead human bodies. § 13. 6¢ 48 Geo. III. c. 87. An Act for repealing the Rates and Fares taken by licensed Hackney Coachmen, and tor establishing others in lieu thereof, and for amending se- vera] Laws relating to Hackney Coaches.” -—Passed 23d June, 1808. The old rates are repealed by this Act, and others allowed in lieu thereof. The scale of fares, according to the distance, is as follow:—At the rate of 1s. per mile, and 6d. for every half mile, and an additional 6d. for every two miles com- pleted after the first mile. And according to time, the fares are 4s. for the first half hour, 6d. for the next fifteen nainutes, and for one hour, Qs, after which hour the fare is 6d. for ~~ every twenty minutes further time, up to four hours, after which 6d. is to be taken for every fifteen minutes. The sun-set hours, after which hacke ney coaches are obliged to go two miles and an half on any turnpike or lighted roads, are declared to be after eight, from Lady-day to Michaelmas, and atter five, from Michaelmas-day to Lady-day. And coaches taken after those hours are to be paid, over and above the rates, the full fare back to the extremity of a car- riage-way pavement; or, if hired at any stand beyond the carriage-way pave- ment, then the full fare back either to such standing or next pavement, at the option of the hirer. Coaches hired in the day time to go into the country, and there discharged, are to be paid for their return for ten miles, 5s. eight miles, 4s. six miles, 3s, and for four miles, 2s, but no allowance is to be made for less than four miles ; and if they ply for hire while so returns ing, they shall forfeit not exceeding 3/, nor less than 10s. A hackney coachman is not compel- able to take more than four adult per- sons inside, and a servant out; and if he agree to take more, he is to be paid 1s, over and above the fare for each addi- tional adult: and if hired to go into the country, 1s. for going, and 1s, for re- turning. Hackney coachmen- who shall refuse to take a fare, declaring that they have been twelve hours at work, and making use of no uncivil language, shall, if sum moned, be paid a compensation for loss of time, not exceeding 5s. nor less than 3s, The numbered stage coaches are not to take up passengers on the stand, to be set down again in any of the paved streets, on pain of being fined not exceeding 3/. nor fess than 20s. And if the owner offend ~ a second time, the licence is to be re= voked; but this penalty is not.to be in flicted, if the party shall have taken his place for the country at one of the rega~ Jar booking-houses, and paid the full fare. Persons frequenting Vauxhall, and other places of public resort, requiring coaches to wait, are to pay a reasonable deposit to the coachman, to be-accounted for when the coach is discharged. Ouly two booking-houses are allowed, ong a ae ie 1808] New Acts of ihe British Legislature. 161 ove in town, and the other in ‘the coun- - fry; norae e the stages to reinain longer thian twenty minutes at ether, en pain of for'eiting not exceeding 40s. nor less than 20s. ‘Couchinen refusing to go on, or ex- torting ihore then the fares, are to forfeit _ hot exceeding 3/. nor less than 10s. se 48 Geo. If. ¢.88.. An Act ro restrain. the * negociation of Promissory Notes, and In- fand Bills of Exchange, under a limited Sum.”— Passed 25d Jane, 1803. By this Act, all promissory or other notes, bills of ‘excliange, or draughts, or undertakings in writing for payment of amoney, or fur delivery of goods, less'than 20s. in the whole, heretofore made,° or which shall hereafter be made, shall, ‘after the 1st of October, 1808, be ‘whiolly void. And persons uttering such notes or bills fur Jess than 20s. shall forfeit net _ exceeding 902. nor less than 5f. to be re- “ covered in a summary way before any justice of the peace, haif to the informer, and halfto the poor, and the parishion- _ @1s where the offence is committed may be witnesses, By 48 Geo. III. c. 98, so much of the Act 2 Jac. I. ec. 27, as relates to ithe shooting of bares, and $ Geo. L. c. 14, as to the appoinunent of game-keepers, are repealed; and lords of manors may ap- poit any person, whether aeting as a gamekeeper or not, or whether returned -and paid for as a male servant, or whe- ther qualified or ict, to kill game within ethe manor for his own use, or the use of any other person, who shail have the same rivlits, as if appointed to kill game for the use of the lord of the manor, and shall not be liable to the duty*on servants. 6 48 Geo, IIT. <. 96. + Care and Maintenance of Lunatics, being ~Paupers or Criminals, in England.—Pas- sed 3d June, 1808. ; The practice of confining lunatics, ehargable to ticir respective parishes, in gaols, hotses of correction, poor. houses, and houses of industry, having, as the preamble of this Act expresses, been found to be highly dangerous and incoavement, the following salutary pro- ae have been made to remedy the =, this Act, the justices of the. peace, t their-severul quarter Sessions, are au- rized to erect lunatic | asylums 1 ny the ferent. counties, under divers special Bae the expence of which erec- tions is to be charged upon, and to be y paid out of, the county rates, Aud so soon as any tunatic asylum so ~ Monrurx Mas. Nv. 175. ' An.Act for the better ad erected shall ‘be-declared by the visitin justices of the county, and thrice adver tized, to be fit fur the reception of luna=* tics, thé justices May Issue their warrants for the committal of dangerous lunatics ta. such places; and any overseer neg~ lecting to give information to a justice of the peace of any lunatic pauper, is to for- feit not exceeding 10/. nor tess than 40%. On the committal of lunatics under the Vagrant Act, if there be a iunatic asyr lum established, the warrant shall direct the lunatic to be confined therein, and not elsewhere; or if there be-no-such asylum, the justice may order the lunane to be confined in a licensed mad-house. When the legal settlement of lunatics cannot be discovered, the justices shall direct that they shall be sent to the iu- natic asylum, or some other place of confinement. But no Junatic asylum shall be lable to the reception of lunatics chargeable to any city, town, or place, which is exempt fromthe county rates, Persons haviyg lunatics in their care at such asyluins, suffering them to ga at large without an order “froin two jus- tices, are. to forfeit not exceeding 10/, nor less than 40s. The buildings are to be exempted from the window duty, And when persons charged with mur- der are found to be insane, and ordered to be confined atcording to an Act of 39 and 40, Geo. IIL. c. 94, two justices are to enquire into their settlement, and make an order an the parish for their mainte- nance. : «48 Geo: III. . 104. An-Act for the bet- ter Regulation of Pilots, and of ‘the Pi- lotage of Ships and Vessels navigating a British Seas.”—-Passed 25th June, 1808. This is a very important Act, and cons tains many judicious provisions, to pre- vent in future, as far as possible, the wreck of ships and vessels, and the loss of lives and property, from the ignorance and misconduct of persons taking charge of such ships or vessels as pilots; bat the clauses are too voluminous to be particus Jarized in this place. *€ 48 Geo. ITE. c. 106. An Act, to remedy the Inconvenience which has arisen, and may arise, from the expiration of Acts, before the passing of Acts to continue the same.” —Passed 25th June, 1808. It i provided that when Bills for con- tinuing expiring-Acts shall not pass be= fore the Acts expire, such continuing Acts skull have effect from the date of the expiration of the tic intended to be continued, ¥ REVIEW [ 162 ] : [Sept. l, ‘REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. ——_o— Imitations of many of the mest ertinent Profes- sors, for the Piano-forte, with an Aceompa- niment for the Flute (ad libitum). Composed and dedicated to bis Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, by T Latcur, Ev. Pianisie to bis Royal Highness the Prince’ of Wales. %s. 6d. HESE imitations are twenty-six in number, and are given in as many variations on the favourite gavot in Achille et Deidamie. ‘Though the idea has not the merit of originality, yet much commendation is due to Mr. Latour for the general truth with which he has co- pied the style of the several masters he has had in view ; and performers on the Instrument for which they are inten- ded will derive much profit from their study and practice. Eight Rondos for the Piano-forte, with or witb- out the additional Keys. Composed and dedi- cated to Lady Charlotte Campbell, by T. He Butler. 7s. 6d. These rondos are composed from eight old and popular airs, among which we find “ Say little foolish fluttering thing,” * Roy’s wife of Aldivalloch,” “ If’tis joy to wound a lover,” and “ My aim kind dearie.” The tasteful and judicious way in which Mr. Butler, has treated the subjects he has selected, will, we doubt not, give great currency to this pleasing little work among young -practitioners, In every passage, the convenience of the hand appears to have: been consulted, and consequently the progress of the pupil. 4 Sonata for the Piano-forte, with Accompani- ments for two Violins and a Bass (ad libitum). Composed'and dedicated to Miss Mann, by L. Von Esch, Esq. 5s. This Sonata, though not written in a highly florid style, is fancifully concei- ved, and abounds in passages far above mediocrity. in the points both of beauty and spirit. It comprises three movements; the first. of which is bold and. energetic, the second elegant and soothing, and the third (a rondo) lively and attractive in its subject, as well as striking in its digressive matter. Folume II. of select irs and Chorusses, from the Oratorios, Gc. Ge. of Handel. Adapted as Poluritaries or Pieces for the Organ or Piano- forte, by J. Marsh, Esq. 7s. 6d. The selection with which Mr. Marsh has supplied the second volume of this work, which will prove so useful and gratifying to orgamists in general, has been made with much judgment: and the adaptations are s» conducted‘as not only to evmce considerable address in the artof arrangement, but also an ine timate knowledge of the character and powers of the instruinent for which they are designed, : The Song of Fitzs-Eustace. Sung by Mr. Ashes in the Senate-Hcusey Cambriage. , Composed by ° Dr. Fobn Clarke. 2s. Gd, This song, the poetry of which is taken from Marmion, a Tale of Flodden Field, does high credit to the taste and imagi- » nation of the ingenious composer. The melody is characterized by a mellifluence of style peculiarly adapted to the subject and cast of the words, and the general effect must excite attention and interest in every cultivated and tasteful hearer. The <* Tear,” a favourite Song, sung by Miss. Parke, ot the Bath and London Concerts. Composed by Mr. Rayzini. The Words b Sir George Dallas, Bart, 1s, Gd. i. The ‘ Tear,” though not one of Mr, Rauzini’s most perfect efforts in the bal- lad style of writing, possesses some pleas- ing passages, and is tolerably expressive of the poet’s meaning; but the ideas want union, and the rhythm is not always duly preserved. La Carslina, an AdagioG Rondo, for the Pianos forte. Composed and dedicated to Lady Ca- rolina Lowther, by P. Anthony Corri. 2s. The introductory movement to this piece isan adagio, uncommonly elegant and impressive in its style. The rondo is strikingly pretty in its theme, and the digressive matter is conceived with taste, while the ideas are arranged with appro- priateness and connection. The merit of this picce, taken in the aggregate, will, as we should judge, secure its good re- ception with piano-forte practitioners. $6 Nannie, O! a fawourite Glee for four Voices, in Imitation of the Scottish Melody, Suxg with Applause by Miss Parke, Messrs. W, Knyuct?, Harrison, ond Sale, jun.. at Messrs. Knywvetts Annual Concert. Composed by Knyvett. 15. 6d ; This glee is set in a pleasant, easy style. The passages are smooth and flowing, and the general effect is at once harmo- nious and graceful. We do not, however, zive our unqualified approbation to the arrangement of the bass and inner parts; which in several instances do not, we must be allowed to say, exhibit the re- fined gud finished contrapuntist. colt sl Concerte 1808.] 5 2 # Concerto for the Piano-forte, with Accompani- ments for a full Band. Inscribed to Miss Cholmondeley, by F. Mazzingbi. 7s. 6d. Mr. Mazzinghi, in this coneerto (the subject of which ts taken from a maniu- seript of Mr. Giornovich), has displayed much of that science and ingenuity witch “we have so often had occasion to notice in his former productions. The use he has made of Mr. Giornovich’s idea does credit to his taste and faucy; and the Second movement is novel and uncom- ~ monly engaying, while the third, by its gaiety and animation, forms a happy and Jadicious close to the whole. No. VIII. of the Cabinet, consisting of Rondos, Airs with Variations, and Military Pieces for the Piano forte. Composed and arranged by F. Weoelfl. As. 6d. Yhe- present Number of this usefil hittle work consists ef the old popular air of the “ Recruiting Serjeant,” with Variations by the ingenious editor. They are written with spirit, yet are familiar in their style, and will be found improve ing to the juvenile fiager. State of Public Affairs in August. 163 A Trip ta Dublin, a favsurite Dance, arranged asa Rondo for the Piano-forte Composed and inscribed to Miss M. Grainger, by. F. We Holder, Mus. Bac. Oxon, 2s. The pleasant, familiar style, in which Mr. Holder has arranged this little dance inte.a piano forte rondo, does credit to his taste. The lovers of short, light, airy, and well-variegated compositions, will listen with pleasure to every bar of a piece constructed with the fancy and ingenuity here exhibited, £6 Die Katze lasst das Mausen nicht,” with Vae riations for the Piano-forte. Composed and de- dicated to Lewontsscb, Esq: by dugustus Voight. 1s. 6d. Of this trifle we can have but little te say; but that little will be in its favour. It forms 2 practice for the piano-forte of a very pleasing description; and thoke young periormers who apply to it pro- perly, will find at not only pleasing, b WNproyiNngs STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN AUGUST. ‘Containing official kapers and authentic Documents. ee GERMANY, HWE French armies in Silesia, under Generals Mortier and Suchet, com- jise 65,000 men, and are to be rein- Freed by detachments trom the 4th di- vision, under the orders of Marshal Soult in Pomerania, and from the reserve which has its head quarters at Elbing. Massena is to command this army, which, in the event of a war with Austria, is-to penetrate into Moravia; itis now for the greater part encamped near Leuthen, Liegnitz, and Brieg. Davoust’s army, which is concentrat- ing on the Vistula, has been joined by the grenadiers and voltigeurs from Dant- wc, and by several battalions ftom the corps of Marshal Lasnes in Prussia. This army is estimated at 40,000 men, “independent of the Polish troops attached to it. An article in the Nachrichten States, that, during the month of July, 15,000 French troops passed through Thorn for Posen or Warsaw. The French cavalry of reserve, which was stationed at Zclle, Luneburg, and other towns in Hanover, have been marched to Silesia or the Rhine, and their place has been supplied by conscripts. “Russian camps fate been formed in the neighbourlood of Memel, and at Witepsk, and a corps of about 20,000 men is stationed near Bialistock; but a more considerable force bas been col- lected near Kaminie and Podolsky, the amount of which is variously represented 5 some accounts stating it so high as 80,000 men, and others at less than half that number; the reserve of the Cossacks. is at Mohilov. The important fact is, however, established, that Russia is arm- ing and establishing corps of observation on her frontiers. The Austrian Cordon, which was some months since established on the fron- tiers towards Saxony, Bavaria, and Italy, under pretext of preventing sinuygling, has recently been strengthened, partis cularly in Bohemia, where two summer camps have been formed: one of thent between Jrautnow, Kotzlirschoff, and Cotrigin, consists of about 30,000 men ; the other, in the neighbourhood of Pil- sen, ismore numerous. Several encamp-~ ments have likewise been formed in Ca- rinthia, Austria, and Moravia. A corps of observation has been assembled at Crainburg, on the Save; its force is not mentioned, but its ubject is, doubtless te watch the motions of the French troops in the Friuli. The States of Carniola have voter ex- traordinacy 164 traordinary supplies to the Emperor, and a great number of individuals, including M. Sigismund Loyasz, governor of Trieste, have offered pecuniary contributions to assist in the military preparations which had been deemed necessary; in fact, the most enthusiastic and loyal spirit pervades every part -of the Austrian mo- narchy, the people identify their inter- ests with their Sovereign, and profiting by a knowledge of the conduct of France towards those ceuntries which have faJ- Jen under ber domination, are ardent and unanimous in their determination, to avert by every possible exertion and sacrifice, a like calamity, * The Austrian troops in Bohemia, Mo- ravia, and Gallicia, amounted, on the 30th of June, to 187,000. ‘The Archduke Charles has recently inspeeted them, and jn the event of a war will command the army on the Elbe. Another promotion of general officers has taken place in the Austrian army. General Bellegarde has assumed the command of the cordon ow the frontiers of Croatia FRANCE. The Moniteur contains the following article; it exhibits the present irritation of the French government, and the state of the press and of information on the Continent. “* The Publiciste of the 20th of July as- serts, on the authority of foreign journals, that the. Austrian troops were to evacuate Trieste and Fiume, and that both these places were to be occupied by the troops of a great power. This intelligence is false, and owes its origin to disaffected persons, who wish tocreate disturbance, to exasperatea great power, and to impel her to her own ruin, by inducing her to adopt a perverse system of policy. The French journals ought to be more circumspect, and not circulate any ab- surd and ridiculous rumoursanerely on the authority of foreign papers. “© The Journal de Empire says, that the arch-chancellor was to proceed tu Germany to organize the troops of the confederacy of’the Rhine, thus involving the French govern- ment ina misunderstanding with the allied states. Justice requires us to remark, that this journal says the intelligence was circu- Jated in Germany 3 but persons. of judgment will observe, that reports translated from foreign journals into French papers acquire grcater credit, and that the only olject. of such repeits must be to excite envy and ha- zed agarnst France. <¢ Other journals state, that there are af- fairs of great importance indiscussion between the courts ai Vienna ans Paris. This is false. We have nothing to! settle with the court of Vienna, If thal courtis well di- w ? be State of Public Affairs in August. joined the Swedish expedition which attempt- : [Sept 15 rected, it will apply itself to-heal its wounds, to recruit its finances by wise measures; and it must be sensible that a levy en-masse is al~ ways destructive to a government, and perti- culaily to a government which ,has nothing but a paper currency. : «It is reported that American vessels, laden with colonial produce, have entered, the Austrian ports under convoy of some English fiigates. This is true; for under all. circumstances, smuzglers have found means. to frusirste the vigilance of the constiteted authorities; but the court of Vienna has ta-' ken measures to put an end to this violatiox- of the laws, and tu carry into complete exe= cution the, regulations which itselt estas, blished on the breaking eff of all commer- cial istercourse with Enzland ‘ie “© Other journals talk of the expeditions which the English have sent to Sweden, consisting of 20,000 men, who were to be landed there inthe’ month of April. The season is now drawing to a close, and they: have not yet thought of disembarking them. The truth is, that General Moore has 8000 men, half English, half Germans, who have’ been for a month lying off Malmoe. During: this period ‘the Swedish frontiers have been attacked by the Danish army in Norway, and* the Swedish trodps have been every where defeated. Finland has been taken irom them by the Russians, who, whatever, may have been said, have not for a moment ceased to obtain the most brilliant advantages. Most certainly, it is not 8000 men that the English ought to send to support their ally. It ought tohave been 50,000 men, provided’ they, had them to send. Butin short the 8000 men have bern landed in’ Norway, they have eda landing ac Abo, aud were completely de- feated by the Russians, or perhaps they have. been landed in the-North of Finland: It ig unprecedented, that the-army of an ally should remain two months upon a coast without dis- embarking, and wait.the result of a campaigna Such things happen to the English, and could happen.to none but them. The Yournal de Empire, the above men- tioned paper, of the 20th of July, says that the Pacha of Widdin has bad an engagement with the Grand Vizir, and that from three. to four thousand men were ‘killed on both sides, and that the latter was defeated. How can meu repeat such idle stories? It is in. vain for the journalist to say that he has co- pied this from the Bayreuth paper, 4 paper of no credit, which has for several years been conducted at the pleasure of the agents of England, and edited by men destitute of knowe ledge, uncerstanding, and moralitys- The Grand, Vizir has not left Adrianople.. The acha of Widsin conseguently never was in asituation to have an engagement with, him, nor have they had any misunderstanding, The Bayreuth Coyrant, however, is hence- forth suppressed; it isa lying trumpet, which ‘ ; Shall Oats ¥ re 7 maa ¥ 7 ‘ a) he : | 1808. ] _ shall no’ lonzer excite disturbance on the © Continent. It is to be wished that the’ jour- nalists may teke warning from this salutary” example. .The mercantile classes, the peace ful citizens, and the upright tradesmen, are “entitled to demand justice against that band _ of intriguers who are disposed to pervert truth, and always to promote disturbance.” ‘ Parisy Aug. 1. On the 14¢h, at four o’clock in the after. noon, their Majesties the Emperor and Em- press arrived at 9. Cloud in good health. At five o'clock, all te theatres were open- ed for the free acmission of the public; and at six, the anniversary of the Emperor's birth-day was announced by. several dischar- ges of artillery. f . The same evening, a splendid entertain- ment was given in the garden of the Se- nate. The fine weather was peculiarly fa- vourable for this purpose. The Senate chose. that occasion, that che public attention should not be diverted from the. festivities appointed for this day. _ The walls of the palace were tastefully il- Tuminated, and a muititude of persons, among whom were-a great number of ladies, filled the garden, and crowded to hear an ex- cellent band of music; whilst others had their attention occupied with exhibitions of every description, until the scene was closed with a magnificent display of fre- works. The theatre of the Empress was also ele- gantly decorated, and.the front of the Odeon was beautifully illuminated. A number of private houses were: also illuminated, the heard. A _ This. morning early, the sound of cannon again announced the festival, the amuse- ments of which were conducted in exact! nformity to the plan issued by the Minis- _@ y p y ter. The multitudes of pesple in all quar- ters were immense, and the public exhibi-- tions gave the highest satisfaction. Fire- works were let off in. the Champs Blysés, at eight o'clock, and i:mmediately after there was a general illumination. This morning his, Majesty the Emperor and King received, in his’private cabinet, at- he palace of St.. Cloud, the princes and incesses of the imperial family, and the Betces of the Empire; alter which he gave audience to the Ministersand grand Ollicers of the Empire, and the Ladies and Officers of the imperial household, and that of the princes. F * At ten o'clock, his Majesty, being seat- - ed on his throne, received the congratulations — Of the Senate, the Council of Stase, the Court of Cassativn, Champers of Accounts, the Clergy, the, Civil andi.Military autho- yities of Yaris, and the Consistory; all- of & whom were introduced in the usual form. *, At half past ten his, Excellency Baron de: reyer, Envoy Extraordinary and» Minister Pienipotentiary. from the King of Desmark, pissented his letters of: credence; after State of Public Affairs in August. moment the first report of the guns was’ 165 which his Majesty gave audience to all the foreign Ministers. Their Majesties then at- tended mass, which was followed with the Te Deum: on the conclusion of which there was a grand audience in the gallery, ITALY. (From the Moniteur.) Narres, August. t.—The impatience of the Neapolitan peuple is satisfied. They are now informed of the name of the Prince to whom his Majesty the Emperor Napoicon’ has committed the charge of rendering us _ happy. It is Murat the Grand Duke of Berg, che brother in-law and companion in the field of his Majesty. The following do- cuments on this important subject were yes- terday Communicated to the council of state, who had an extraordinary meeting far this purpose:— : Royal Decree. : We Joachim Napoleon, King of the Two Sicilies, having heard the report of our Mi- nister of Foreign Affairs, have decreed as fol- lowsi— Art. I. The title we assume on ascend- ing the throne of the Two. Sicilies, isthe, following : ty Joachim-Napoleon, by the Grace of Ged. and the Constitution of the State, King of the Two Sicilics, and Grand Admiral of the. Em- pire. If. The present decree shall be inserted in- the Bulletin of the Lajsvs, and communica- ted to all the departments of the state, Ti. Our Minister for Foreign Affairs, and our otner Ministers, are’ charged, each in his own department, with the execution of the present decree. (Signed) Joacuim NaroLEeoNn. _ Given at Bayonne, July 23. : Proclamation. ; Jvachim-Napoleon, by the» grace of God and the Constitution, King of the Two Si- cilies, Grand Admiral of the Empite, to. the people of the Two Sicilies: — “© His Majesty the August Emperor of the French, our dear and beloved brother-ins law, having ceded to us, Conformadly to the. designs of Divine Providence, the Crown of the Two Siciltes, it aitords us extreme sa- tisfaction to find ourselves chosen to govern, a people possessing the happy disposition pros per tore acquire that ancient glory which il- lustrated their ancestors, and perpetuated their name to our days. sé All our efforts, our constant study, shall be directed to second this enthusiasm,, upon which depend the grandeur and prospe= rity of the country and of our crown. Lhe first, duty which we impose upon eurselves is. to manifest to Europe, undr all circumstances, the gratitude by which we are bound to the august Emperor Napoleon, and to impress, upon our people all the advantages. which must result to them from the close union of their interest with those of the great’ Freach, Empire . A ‘The Copstitution proclaimed by our au- gust ; 166 gust predecessor, and guaranteed by his Ma- jesty the Emperor, having heen solemnly accepted by us, shall be unavoidably obser- ved, and shall form the basis of our Govern- ment. ** And as we find pleasure in following the Steps of a Sovereign who has made our people happy, we confirm in all the military, civil, and political, employments of the state; the petsons by whom they are at present filied, and ordain that each, of our subjects shall continue to enjoy the rank and pay he recei~ ved untilthis day, and exercise the functions with which he is invested. “ It is our wish toappear soon in the midst ef you, with the Queen Caroline, our au- gust spouse, with the Prince Royal Achilles Napoleon, and-our young family, whom we shall have pleasure in entrusting to your love and fidelity. They will begin from this mo- ment to imbibe the sentiments which should attach them to the country, and to Jearn the duties which they will-have to fulfil in con- tributing to the glory and happiness of the kingdom, For our part, we make no doubt that all the Ministers and officers of the State will zealausly endeavour strictly to perform their duty, each in his particular province, in order that our people may be assured of that justice which is their due, All oursub~ jects may rely on our good will and attach- ment. - © Jaocuim Naporron. *¢ F, Riccarpi, Secretary of State.” SPAIN. A dispatch, of which the following is a copy, was received on the 16th of August, by the Right Honourable Lord . Viscount Castlereagh, one of his Majes- ty’s Principal Secretaries of State. Head Quarters, Andujar, Fuly Qi. S1r,—I had the honour to intorm yeu, in my letter dated the 17th of July, that in a Cauncil of War held on that day at head- quarters, it was resolved tha: the division of the Marquis de Compigny should join that of Major General Reding, and that the attack upon Balen should be “undertaken with the united force of the two divisions, whilst the third division and the rese: ve should occupy. the attention of the encmy, by a feigned at- tack upon Andujar. Major-General Reding entered Baylen on the morning of the 18th, at nine e’ciock; he met with little opposition. The enemy re- treated towards La Carolina The Major. General wrote to the Commander in Chief for orders, either to advance against Andujar, or to pursue the column which was retiring upon La Carolina, General Castanos or-, dered him to advance upon Andujar without delay. i On the 19th, at two in the morning, the Gercral received information of the retreat of the French from Andujar. Lieutenant- Gcneral Pena, with the reserve, was ordered Glorious Battle of Baylen.. [Sept. 1, to advance immediately towards Bavlen. The French began their retreat at nine o’clock, P.M. 48th July. A letter from General Reding informed the Commander in Chief, that he intended commencing his march frons Baylen towards Andujar at three o’clock, A.M. 19th July. At two o’clock, P. M. the advanced guard ef General Pena’s division came up with the enemy. At this moment an express arrived from Major-General Reding, to inform the Lieus tenant- General that he had been engaged with the division of General Dupont from _three o'clock in the morning till eleven; that he had repulsed the French, -and remained mas- ter of the field of battle. The guns of the advanced guard of Lieutenant-General Pena’s Givision had scarcely begun to firetwhen a flag of truce arrived to treat upon the terms of a capitulation. The discussion did not last long. General Dupont was told he must surrender at discretion. Lieutenant-General Pena halted, and form= ed his division upon the heights of Umbla, distant three miles from Baylen; between four and five o’clock, General Casterick, aide- de-camp to Bonaparte, was sent by General Dupont with orders to treat with General Castanos in person. At nine o'clock, P. M. Major General Re- ding informed the Lieutenant-General, that during the truce, he had been treacherously attacked by Gencral Wedel, who had just come from La Carolina with a reinforcement of GO00-men ; and that the battalion of Cor-- dova had been surprised and taken prisoners,’ together with two field pieces. The negociations lasted till the evening of the 20th, and the glorious result J have the honour to inc!ose, as also as exact an account of the killed and wounded on both sites, as I have been able to collect in the hurry of the: moment. The French themselves acknowledge the bravery and steadiness of the Spanish troops 5. their firmness, constancy, and perseverance, under the greatest possible privations, are worthy of the admiration of the world, parti- cularly when it is remembered, that half the army is composed of new-raised levies. The Marquis Compigny is detached with his division to take immediate possession of the Passes of the Sierra Morena, General Castanos deserves the highest praise for his well-conceived plan, and for the cook determination with which he has carried it into execution, in spite of the popular cla- mour for aii immediate attack on the position of Andujar. Py igee Whilst the negociations were carried ony General Castanos received an intercepted dis- patch from the Duke of Rovego to Dupont, ordering him to retreat immediately upor Madrid, as the army of Gallicia was rapidly advancing. x This determined the General to admit the capitulation ef General Wedel. French 4 ~ . rh Tr + ¢ ; & 2 ai 1808.}, FRENCH FORCE, ‘ Rank and file. _ Division of Dupont. 8000 Division of Wedel --:-.- - 6000 14,000 SPANISH FORCE. Reding ~.. 2... Nowe Ces 9000 Compigny .-..-22...-22-- 5000 enseo se ot Sone fost ee 6000 Boner. 22. nae RS See ae §000 rn 25,000 Near 3000 of the French killed and wounded. From 1000 to 1200 of the Spaniards kille and wounded. , ? TERMS OF CAPITULATION. ~ The division of General Dupont, prisoners of war. The division of General Wedel to deliver ep their arms till their arrival at Cadiz, where they are to be embarked and sent to Roche- There no Jonger exists a French force in Andalusia. (Signed) S. WHiTTincHamM, ; 13th Light Dragoons. N.B. The division of General Dupont is also to return to France by Rochefort. The Camp-marshal Don Theodore Re- ding, has sent the following account of the glorious battle of Baylen, under date of the 22d of July, to his Excellency Don ¥. X. Castanos, Commander in Chief of the Army of Andalusia :— Most Excellent Sir, Subsequently to the dispatch which I had the honour to transmit to your Excellency, en the 17th instant, relative to the attack made by the division under my command, on that of General Gobert (Killed inthe action), “which was dislodged from all the positions it had occupied, as far as the vicinity of Bayfen, and completely defcated, and to the Motives which had induced me to fal] back on Menjibar, 1 repassed on the evening of the same day the river Guadalguivir, and that night took a position, ia which I was joined next morning, the 18th, by the second division, under the command of the Camp- marshal the Marquis de Compigny. We joint- 1y broke up for that city, with a view to at- tack the-enemy, if he occupied it, Immediately on my arrival, in compliance with your Excellency’s orders, I disposed the columns of attack wih a direction to Andu- jar; but at three o’clogk in the morning of the 19th, and when out troops were forming for the march, General Dupont, with his ar- my, attacked ovr camps, and opened a fire with his artillery, in the hopes undoubtedly ef taking us by surprize; but, with the cele. ity of lightning, the troops of the different Bivisions, led on-by their intrepid chiefs, re- - Paired to all che points of attack, assisted by ry Surrender of General Dupont’s Army. 167 artillery; the shock was so vehement, that the first company of horse, and also of foot, suffered greatly from the enemy. At the break of day our troops were already in pos- session of the heights, which they had cccu- pied before, and the enemy attempted his attack on various parts of the line, having the advantage of forming hiscolumns, by the- superior position he occupied, under protec tion of his artillery, and without being ex- posed to our fire. He has been driven fram all points, and even pursued in defiapce of ali his vigorous attacks, which he reiterated without any far- ther interruption than what arose from occa- sional recession and the formation of new columns, until half past twelve o'clock of the day, when, overcome by fatigue, without having been able to gain ground, although he had at intervals broken our lihes of defence, with the courage peculiar to troops so accus- tomcd to vanquish, and even arrived at our batteries, which were served on.-this day ina manner that astonished and ‘terrified the ene- my, aad of which there are few parallel in- stances, as they not only. inftantaneously dis- mounted his whole artillery, but annihilated every column. as fast as they presented themselves, still protecting the points ar- tacked, and varying its positions according to the exigency of circumstances. The last attack was made by General Due pont, who, with the other generals, placed himself at the heaa of the columns, under the fire of the artillery, and was supported with a firmness truly admirable, but with noe better success; for by the account of the enemy, he had fourteen guns dismounted, two thousand men killed, and a vast number woundéd, among whom are General Dupont himself, and two other generals. Under such circumstances, General Dupont begged to capitulate. -Hostilities were accord- ingly suspended in both armies, and it was stipulated that each should maintain its re= spective position. The fruits of the valour and perseverance of the generous trooos that compose these two divisions, are the total rout of the enemy, the army of Dupont being made prisoners, and that of Wedel-veing sub- jected to the "same fale, without any other distinction than that of the latter receiving their arms at the time of their embarkation only, for baving taken position against mili- tary Jaw, during the suspension of arms cone ceded to him and to his commander in chief, The Camp-niarshal Marquis de Compigny, chief of the second division,. has not only, in concert with me in the direction of the movee- ments of this day, contributed to their suc- cesstul termination, but having selected the corps of which I-huve made mention, he led them in person ta the hotrest points of the three general’ actacks, and secured by his judgment and gallant example the said happy reswt, s hee iy Brigadier« 168 'Brigidier-general Don Francisco Benegas, chief of the van of my division, placed on my right wing, disposed with skill and much pre-~ sence of mind, the proper corps and artillery on all the points attacked by the enemy, and ably contributed to repel him in all his partial successive artacks, as wells in the last gene- ral and obstinate one, by which he attempted to turn.the said wing, at the same time that he was attacking the centre, ‘ (Signed) Baylen, Fuly 22, 1808. Andujar, Fuly VW. On the 23d the Spanish army formed in two lines fronting each other, when the di- vision of Dupont, consisting of 5100 men, of which 1200 were cavalry, and followed by 20 pieces of cannon, marched through and laid down their arms at the-distance of 800 toises. The infantry were as. fine troops as ever left France. On the 24th, the division of General We- del, consisting of 9000 men, of which 1200 were cavalry, did the same. The division of Dupont, on its first arrival in Andalusia, consisted of 1¥,000 men; thus the French have sustained a loss, in ~Anda- lusia alone, of 21,000 men. Dupont made seven partial, and four general attacks upon the Spanish army, and was repulsed with loss each tine. The Spanish artillery did won- ders, and in less than two hours dismounted 14 pieces of the enemy’s cannon. Address to the Andalusians, after the Surrender of the French Army in the Defiles of the Si- evra Morcna. Brave Andalusians! The spark of patriot- ism which was kindled in your breasts, hus in afew days been fanned to aflame which has consumed the oppressors of your country, You wished to be free, and in an instant you possessed a tutelary government, and an army eager for conflict and triumph. ‘Those legions of Vandals, who fora mo- Ment seized by surprize some of your cities, rand delivered them over to pillage—who, in- toxicated with victories gained over divided Nations, marched, loaded with the spoils of Europe, to scatter over the fair fields of Betis the flame.of desolation, have experienced the force of loyalty, and the love of country and religion. Brave Andalusians! Yours is the glory of Marengo, of Austerlitz, and of Jena. The laurels which encircled’ the brows of those eonguerprs lie at your feet. Ammoital glory to the hero who has re- newed in the Sierra Morena the ach'evements of Fabius’ Maximus. Our sons will say, Castanos triumphed over the French, and his glory did nut_ fill with mourning the biuses of our fathers! Vhe unfading Jawrel of victory to the brave.combutants who have: laid pros- ‘trate the oppressors of humanity! Hymns of Repinc. Address to the Andalusians. benediction to the wise Government which -has defended your rights, and prepared the way for new triumphs! > I invoke you, net as Andalusians, but ag Spaniards, Fly, sons of Betis! Fly to unite yourselves with your brethren of the Ebro, the Duero, and the Xucar; fly to-break the chains of those who lie captive on the Tagus, the Manzanares, and the Llobregat. Go and purity the soil of Spain from the footsteps of those traitors. Go and avenge in their blood the insults they offered you under the shelter ‘of a feebie and cowardly government. Do you not hear the cries of those who were murdered on the $4 of May ? Do you.not hearken to the yroans of the op- pressed? Are you not touched by the secret sighs of our Ferdinand, who deplores his sex paration from his Spaniards? ; War andrevenge! Let the Tyrant of Eup © rope tremble upon the throne whence he has given authority to every crime. ‘ Brave Andalusians! You will deem, no sa- ‘erifice costly with which you can purchase your king and. your independence. Already you have a countryalready you are a great nation; tollow the paths of glory and virtue which the god of armies has pointed out te. you in your first victory. SOUTH, AMERICA. ij a A Manifesto, or Fustification and Exposition of the _ Court of Portugal with respectto France: ‘¢ The court of Portugal, after having kept a silence suitable to the difficult cireums- tances in which it was placed, and to the mo- ment when theseat of government was estab- lished, conceives that it owes to its dignity and sank ameng other powers, a faithful and accurate expositign of its conduct, supported by incontestable facts, in order that its sub- jects, impartial Europe, and also the most distaut posterity, may judge of the purity of its conduct, and the principles it has adopted, as well to dvoid the fruitless effusionaof the blood ‘of its people, as because it could not persuace itself that solemn treaties, of eee it had fulfilled the burthessome conditions ih favour of France, should become a despicable infant’s toy in the eyes of the goveroment whose immediate dnd immensurable ‘am- bition has no limits, and which has too much opened the eyes of the persons the most pre- judiced in its favour. Jt is not in invective, or in vain and useless menaces, that the court of Portugal will raise its voice from the midst of the new empire which it is about to createz it is by true and authentic facts, explained with the greatest simplicity and moderation, thatit will make known td Europe and its sube jects all thatit has suffered; thatit willexcite ~ the attention of those who may st.Jl desire not to be the victims of so unbounded an ame bition; and who may feel how much the fur ture fate of Portugal, and the restitution of , . Sept t, 4 eS eee ca vay dsb = , a ~ 1308.] war, and in the midst of a profound peace, ought to be of consequence to Europe, if Eu- rope ever wishes to see revive the security and indep ndence of the pewers which for- merly composed a species of republic that ha- Jenced itself, and maintained an equilibrium | -inall its different parts An appeal to Pro- vidence is the consequence of this exposition; anda religious prince feels all the importance of it, since guilt cannot always remain unpu- ' nished, and usurpation and violence enfeeble -and consume themselves by the continual ef- forts they are obliged to employ. f- “Tre court of Portugal, though it saw | with regret the French revolution begin, and | deplored the fate of the vi tuous king with _ whom it wes connected by the closest ties of blood, did not take any partin the war which the conduct of the madmen who then reign- ed (by the con'ession even of the present _ government) forced all governments to de- clere against them; even when it sent suc- cours te Spain for the defence of the Py- renees, it always endeavoured to preserve the _ Most perfect neutrality. *€ Fiance received from Portugal, from 1804 to 1807, all the colonial commodities, and first’ materials for her manufactures. The alliance of England with Portugal was _ useful to France, ‘and in the depression suf- fered by the arts and industry, in consequence ofa perpetual war by land, and a disastrous _ war by s a, ia which she only met with de- feats, it was certa nly a great advantage to rance, that the commerce of Portugal! should uiter no interruption; undoubtedly it was | equally useful to both countries. By rava- _ Bing Portugal, by subjecting her to excessive contributions i in an unheard-of manner, with- ‘out War or any resistance having been made ‘on her part, France has not obtained that ad- vantage which a commerce useful_to both _ fountries would have procured her. The court of Portugal might therefore justly, with ‘every kind of foundation, flatter itself, that that of the Thuilleries would respect a neu- trality which it had acknowledged by a so- Tern treaty, and from which it derived such decided advantages, It Was, however, awak- ened from its security in the month of Au- st, 1806, by a formal declaration of the french minister for foreign affairs, M. Tallcy- ‘rand, to Lord Yarmouth, by which the for- mer notified to the latter, that if England did _ Hot make a maritime peace, the French go- mmment would declare war against Portugal, order that country to be occupied by thir- _ thousand men. It was not with thirty and ren that the invasion of Portugal uld be effected ; but the Emperor of the ench, who ise the security in which gal remained, in consequence of the reaty of Neutcality, thought he could take + surprize, and this was sufficient to jus- is proceedings, ‘The court of England alarmed by the above declaratiof, and Fi ONTHLY Mac,, No. 175. | its states, invaded. without a declaration of | Portuguese Mi anifesto. 169. proposed and offered to that.of Portugal all kind of succour; but France, which at that — period had arranged every thing to crush the Prussian court, which then Bone bade defie ance to the superior power of the Emperor of the French, while a twelvemonth before it would not attack, and perhaps compel him to receive the law, and save Europe, jointly with Russiaand Austria, found-means ta pa- cify the court of Portugal, which she then chose tospare. The court of Portugal could not thenconceive that a similar perfidy would be the attribute of a power, whose conduct ought to ke:p pace with that integrity and those dignified sentiments which suit so well an exalted rank. The war, which was after- wards continued with Russia, and which might yet perhaps have saved Europe, if the union of the governments which directed it had been as close as it should have been, still re- tarded the execution of the views of the Em« peror of the French with regard to the court of Portugal, and it was only by concluding the peace of Tilsit that the court of the Thu- illeries, in a dictatorial tone, such as might have become Charlemagne addressing the princes whose sovereign ‘lord he was, caused the strange demand to be made to the court | of Portugal, through the medium of the— French chargé d’affaires, and the Spanish am- ~ bassador.—ist. To shut the ports of Portugal . against England. 2d. To detain all English- men who reside in Portugal. . 3d. To con= fiscate all English property; or, in case of refusal, to expose itself to an immediate. war with France and Spain; the French chargé @ affaires, and the ambassador of Spain, hay- ing orders to depart on the ist of September, three weeks after the said provosition was made, in case the court of Portugal showld not comply with ali the pretensions of-the two courts. The good faith.of the French government is no less remarkable with re— gard to the celerity with which, after having made that declaration, and without waiting for the answer of the court of Portugal, it or- dered all the Portuguese merchant ships to be detained, which were in the ports of France, and by that measure actualy commencing hostilities without any previous declaration of war, thus carrying to a far greater length all the proceedings which formed its continual topic e! reproach against England, which after such a conduct will be justly valued, ‘« The cout of Portugal might then well+ have adopted the known maxim ofthe Ro- mans, and been convinced, that «lisgraceful conditions frequently saved those’ who refuse them, and brought destruction over those by whom they were proposed; but, on the one side, it could not believe that ‘the court of the Thuilleries made in earnest proposals which committed both its honour and its dig- nity ; and on the other side, it hoped to ward off the storm, desirous of sparing the blood of its people, and placing implicit confidence in the friendship of his Britannic majesty, its Zz old ~ \ 110 old and faithful ally, it endeavoured to render the pretensions of the French government --@nore moderate, by acceding tothe shutting of _ the ports, and refusing the two other articles, as contrary to the principles of public law, and to the treaties which subsisted between the two nations; and his royal highness the Prince regent of Portugal had no hesitation to declare, that those articles wounded equal- ly his religion and the principles of morality, from which he never deviates, and which are perhaps the cause of the unshaken fidelity he has experienced on the part of his subjects. « {he court of Portugal then began to adopt measures for its retreat to that pare of the Portuguese domiyions, which is_not exposed to any. invasion, the consequences of which e@nght fo create alarm. €© For this purpose it ordered all such ships of war as were fit to keep the sca to be. fitted out, and also directed ail the English to gu its dominions and sell their property, with an intention of shuiting the ports against Erg land, in order thus to avoid an effusion of the blood of its subjects, which would probably have proved uscless, and to endeavoyr to com- ply with the views of the Emperor of ‘he French, in case he should not allow himself to be softened down by that justice with which the court of Portugal asserted the rights of independence, along with those which resulted from the Treaty of Neutrality concluded in 1804, “The court of the Thu- illeries was unwillicg to agree to any conci- Jiatory measures, having not only demanded the shutting of the porte, but the imprison- ynent of all Rritish subjects, the confiscation of their property, and a dereliction of the project to retreat to America. His royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, who knew, on the one side, that his Britannic Majesty, his true and old ally, informed of all the transactions which were going on, would con- sent to the shutting of the ports, in order to save Portugal from the invasion of the French; and who was convinced, on the other side, that there was no longer any Englishman in Portugal who was not natu- ralized in that country; and that all English property had been sold, and even its amount £xported, adopted the resolution to shut the yports against England, and even to comply with the rest of the demands and pretensions of France; declaring, however, at the same dime, that should the French troops enter Portugal, his royal highness was firmly re- solved to remove the seat of Government to the Brazils, which formed the most impor- tant and best-defended part of his dominions. His royal highness then ordered the whole of his army to moye to the coast and sea-ports, suppasing, that, as France had obtained all she dersanded, she would have nothing else to ask, confided in that good faith which pught to be considered the fundamental prip- ciple in every government which has ceased go be revolutionary, and feit consciors chat Portuguese Manifesio. ‘traordinary manner, might have rallied around _ and treacherous views of a government, which — + [Sept- 1, having done every thing in his power to-se< cure the tranquillity of his people, and avoid — an useless effusion of blood, he had fulfilled all the duties of a virtuous prince beloved by his subjects, and who has to account to the Supreme Being alone, for his actions ‘‘ The Fiench government then observed a line of conduct towards his royal highness and his domjpions, which would be unprece- dented in history, were not the invasion of — Switzerland by France, in the time of the ~ executive directory, of a similar description. General Junot, without any previous declara= tion, without the cons:nt of the Prince Re- ~ gent of Portuval, entered the kingdom with the vanguard of his army, assuring the people in the country that he was matching through it, to succour his royal highness avainst an invasion o. th plisn, and that he entered & Portugal as the geoeral ‘of a friendly aud ale el power. He recetved on his journey cons vinc'ne proofs of the good faith of the Portus Evesc government ; for he witheesed the pera fect easiness which pfrevatled with regard 9 to France, and that all the Portuguese troops were near the coast His royal higiness the Prince of Portugal, sut rized in such an exs him the body of troops which were 2t a small distance from him, caused the English fleetto enter the port of Lisbon, and thus cut to ~ pieces the small and rviserable corps which — General Junit was advancing with a degree of temerity which would have been ridiculous, — had not General Junot, whom his conduct in Venice and Lisbon has but too well made — known, relied on the feelings of a virtuous prince, who would never have exposed his people to the most dreadful calamities by a sure first success, which wouid only have served to chastise the audacity o!_a man who, like many others, abused the power with — which he was entrusted, or who acted in pure © suance of orders which cannot be justified. *¢ His royal highness the Prince Regent then adopted the only measure which could suit his situation, according to the principle which he had constantly followed to save the blood of his people, and in order to prevent the criminal plan of the French government _ from being carried into execution, which had nothing less in view than to secure his royal person and the whole royal family, in order to divide, at its own will and pleasure, the spoils of the crown of Portugal, and the Por- tuguese dominions. Providence seconded the efforts of a just prince, aid the magnanimous © resolution which his royal highness adopted, to retire with his august royal family to Bra- zit, discancerted at once the efforts of the- French government, and exposed in the cleare est light, in the face of Europe, the criminal aims at the universal domination of all Eu- rope, and of the whole world, if the great European powers, roused from the lethargic stupor into which they are sunk, donot make ~ ‘common y808:}, common cause vigorously to oppose an ambi- tion so immoderate and so excessive. “€ Since his royal highness’s safe arrival in his dominions in Brazil, he has learned with horror, not only the usnrgation of Portugal, and the pillage and plunder practised in that country, but also the shameful proceeding of the Emperor of the French, who as the dic- tator of Europe, dares to represent it as a crime of his royal highness, that he has re- moved his seat of government to the Brazils, and in his faithful subjects who followed him, te have accompanied a prince whom all his people reveres, still more on account of his virtues than of the rights of his august foyal family, which he has inlrerited, and by Virtue of which he reigns over them. - His royal highness has witnessed with Horror the hardihood with which an attempt ~ hhas been made, in an official paper, to pro- scribe the rights of his august royal family fo the crown of Portugal, with which he will ' never part; and he is entitled to demand of the Emperor of the French from what code of the Jaw of nations ke has drawn similar principles, and received such an authority, claiming to this subject the most serious con- sideration of all the European powers, who Cannot see with indifference what has here been stated, and the introduction of a new go- vernment in Portugal, without his consent, ~ as well as the raising of an exorbitant contri- bution, demanded from a country which op- "posed no kind of resistance to the entry of the + French troops, and which on this very ground ~ could not consider itself as being at war with _ France. The most remote posterity, as well “as impartial Europe, will see with grief such transactions, the forerunners of barbarism and ’ ot Die as those which followed the downfall of the Roman empire, and which cannot be avoided, .unless exertions be made to restore the equipoise of Europe, by an una- ‘nimous effort, and with a total oblivion of all ideas and feeling of rivalship, that has hither- to been the true cause of the elevation of that ot power, which threatens to swallow ip all. ~ _ & After this correct and-true statement, _ Made by his Royal Highness the Prince Re- _ gent of Portugal, to Europe and to his sub- jects, of every thing which has taken plae ween the Portuguese and French Govern- ments; and as the Emperor of the French has not only invaded Portugal, and laid that ‘ounitry under the most dreadful, and almost Tncredible contribution, under the cloak of _ friendship, but has also long ago withdrawn his _ embassy trom his Royal Highness’s court, and * €ven caused Portuguese merchant ships to be _ Seized which were in his ports, without any mi tious declaration of war, and contrary to _ am express article of the treaty of neutrality, _ from which he derived the greatest advanta- and, lastly, déclared war against him, rding to the report of the Minister for eign Affairs; his Royal Highness, after Wing resigned his giusy into the hands of —— ie a Portuguese Man-festo. 171 the Almighty, whorn he has every. right te invoke in so.just a cause, thinks it due to his tank and to the dignity of his crown, to make the following declaration :-. “€ His Royal Highness breaks off all com munication with France, recalls all the members of his embassy, if any should yet remain, and. authorises his subjects to wage war by sea and land against the subjects of the Emperor of the French. ‘¢ His Royal. Highness declares null and void all the treaties which the Emperor of the French has compelled. him to conclude, and in particular those of Badajoz and Mae drid, im 1801, and. that of meutrality, in 18045 because he has violated them, and never respected them. : ‘¢ His Royal Highness will not lay down his arms, unless in concert with his Britan- nic. Majesty, his old and faithful ally, and will never agree to.a cession.of Portugal, which forms the most ancient part of the ins heritance, and of the rights of his august royal family. ! ¢¢ When the Emperor of the French shall have satisfied in every point the just claims of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, and shall have relinquished. the dictatorial and imperious tone in which he lords it over e@ppressed Europe; and when he: shall have restored to the crown of Pore tugal all he has invaded in the midst of peace and without the least provocation, his Royal Highness: will avail himself of the earliest opportunity to renew the connection which has always subsisted, between the two coune tries, and which ought to exist hetween na~ tions that would never be divided but by those principles of inordinate ambitions which, according to the experience of ages, have always proved destructive to the welfare and tranquillity of all nations by which shey were adopted."” “6 Ria Fanciroy May 1, 1808.” NORTH AMERICA. The following article is extracted from the New York Oracle :— Preparations are making throughout the Union, for ceiebrating the thirty-third anni- versary of Amerioan Independence, with the greatest splendour. Since the date of its first celebration, the United States have not been placed in a more critical situation than at the present period. Menaced by the Eu- ropean. belligerent powers, and treated with the greatest indignity, until national patience is-exhausted, there appears to be no remain- ing resort but to war. Sufficient provocation has been given both by France and Enyland for this. measure, and on the score of justice we would have-been justifiable, if, long ere this time, retaliation had been exacted for num- ber'ess indignities offered to the dag of the now only independent nation in the world. The measures pursued by England and Vrance , have been of great detriment to themselves. The former, particularly, is deprived of a Markey 172 Escape of the Spanish Army from Denmark. [Sept. 2, amarkcet for her manufactures. It is remarked with pleasure, that resolutions have been adopted in several legislatures to appear at their n-xt meetings in, clothing exclusively of domestic produce and manufacture. A num- ber of military and other associations will, on the ensuing anniversary, also, be similarly accoutred. The spirit of improvement is ra- pid'y spreading throughout the country, and we frequently hear of manufacturing estab- lishments in distant counties, where, a very few years ago, nothing but wilderness ex- _ isted. of, the artillery, baggage, and stores were -em- “barked that night and the following day, and removed to the Point of Slypsharn, four miles _ from Nyborg, where the army was embarked safely, and without upposition, this morning, notwithstanding the very unfavourable state ofthe weather, and they are now under the protection of his Majgsty’s ships at the an- ~chorage off the Island of Sproe. Some sacrifices of horses and steres were @onceived necessary by the general; and as I cofisidered it right, uuder the peculiar circum- stances, toenter into the views and wishes of the Marquis de la Romana, every avoidable act of hostility wae rigidly abstained from, for I did not consider it any to bring away the brig and cutter that rejected our offer of security, and forcibly opposed our entrance into the port; and I even undertook to liberate the vessels employed as transports, provided no interruption was made by any to the peaceable embarkation of our friends. ‘ Tshould be unjust to the meritorious exer- tions of the officers and seamen employed on this short but fatiguing service, if 1 neglected to represent their merits on this occasion to you; captain Graves’s services were required afloat; captain M‘Namara, of the Edgar, un- dertook the equipment of the transports, witn the embarkation of the stores; the embarka- tion ef the troops was made under the direc- tion.of Captain Jackson, of the Suber? and Captain Lockyer, of the Hornd; Captain Smith, of the Devastation, and Captain James, of the ‘Kite, were indefatigable in their exer- tions inthe various duties I assigned them, Report of Diseases. 178 Many citcumstances having combined’ to make an attack on tlie rear probable, great precaution was necessary. Such guns as could be brought against “us were spiked, and the embarkation was co-~- vered and most effectually protected by the Minx gun-brig and the two prizes, and by the very judicious disposition of the gun-boats, “ under the command of Captain May of the Royal Artillery, who volunteered, and whose services on this and other occasions were highly useful. It is not easy to express the joy ‘and sotis= faction felt by every class of the army at thie event 3 and no circumstance, E believe, could have afforded. more real pleasure to-us ali. One, the regiment of Zamora, made a march of eighteen’ Danish miles in twenty-one hours. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) RR. G. Keats. Superb, off Langeland, Azg. 13, 1808 Sin,—I have detained the Euryslus afew hours, forthe further satisfaction of assuring their lordships, that the whole of the Spa- nish troops ‘taken off by his Majesty's ships-at Nyborg, will be landed in the course of this afternoon at Langelands r A convention has been entered inte: be- tween his Excellency the Marquis de la Rae, mana and the governor of the Island, which,, on the one hand, enjoins abstinence from hos- tility, and, on the other, a sufficient Supply of provisions, provided the island, which is fer- tile, cam produce it. Iam, Sir, &c. (Signed) R. G. Keats. . REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the care of the late senior Physician of the Vinsbury Dispensar, "y. from the 20th of July, to. the 20th of August. — a HYPOCHONDRI NSLS DAIS aCK | Febris.sceeecs seveeccrsesseres Phthysis ......seeeedeeneeccseeeece | NN halo Lael no id tell mc in one eRpilepsiare omnis . isis saieinslavele oe e'saie's 5 Catarrhus PERCUMOATISMUS p's 092iie os atta aHol. 8 Menorthagia....ceseecerseeeasccerer Dyspepsia veecceaccececsicccsccpece Morbi Catanet. 0's vv s'so0 wan eibe'v eg as's Morbi Lnfantiles....++-sesseeses ves Fevers havé not abouuded so much during the last month as the preceding, ee PEP rete sate ee sesaseee = AHORA WHERYWHOO in consequence, no doubt, of a mitiga-. tion of heat, an " Tioration, One person, in a state of asthenia, or constitutional decline, was precipitated in her descent to the grave, by the ill- advised and fatal interdiction of that fuel, which is es$ential.to the flame of - life ¢, like a watch that stops because it and other atinospheric ame- isnot wound-up ; even those extranrdi- nary stimuli which are noxious in heaith, are necessary in disease. Morbid symptoms of the Jungs, and of what are called the: nerves, scll appear predominantly conspicuous within the sphere of the reportei’s professional b=. servation, Of the former class.of com- plaints, the greater part may be attribut- ed to the caprice of our atmosphere, or to the folly of our fashions; to the semi-« nakedness of our.females, and to the un- seasonableness of-our nocturnal dissipa- tions, Nervous complaints, on the other hand, arise principally from a deficie ency ‘of exertion. An ancient and clas~ sical eritie was once asked, What the first requisite was"in oratory } 3 his answer was, action. —What. the second? action. | —What the third? getion. The same abower - 274. Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. (Sept. t, answer may be given to the same inquiry, with regard to health. To many an by- pochondriacal patient, has the reporter, in preference to any other- remedy, pre- scribed action. Act sufficiently, he said, and you will be sufficiently well. The durmouse existence ef a human heiny must be a diseased one. Man was not destined.to be a recumbent animal. Ex- ercise is essential, more especially to in- tellectual health ; but those unfortunate- ly to whom it is most-necessary, are the least disposed to have recourse to it. The most solemn accidents of life do not-give rise to the severest “sorrows ; pigmy perplexities, mere insect afflic- tions, mmiature maladies, lilliputian lan- guors, are things that tear the texture of our frame. ‘ Insanity in its different colours and adations has recently passed under the eye of the reporter ; no subjcct exempli- fies in a more emphatical way the un- portance of vigilantly observing, and sea- sonably counteracting tendencies. The sof the malady may be crushed, but the adult disease is rarely capable of eure ; it is only the first shootings or bud- dings of insanity that can be blighted or repressed. - : Several girls, who evidently owed their complaints to a cloystered atmosphere, and a bastile confinement, bave been brouglit to the reporter by their maternal guardians. These scholastic mansions should, instead of schools, be advertised as ‘jails for young ladies.” This observa- tion may appear to be imprudent, but inprudence in the practice of the medical profession, is net: an appendage merely, but an essential and integral part of in- tegrity ; more especially in thismonstrous metropolis, and rickety head of the em- pire, where regular or empirical practie tioners are so profusely spread,” ‘* Thick as the leaves that strew the-brooks of Volambrosa,”” in consequence of which, the successful in the profession must necessarily be few. ‘* Rari nantes in gurgite vasto,”* Joun Rerp, Grenville-street, Brunswich- square. Aug. 27, 1808. Acpuaseticar List of Bankruptcies and Divinenns, announced between the 20th of July and the 2@th of August, extracted from the London Gazettes. tenn BANKRUPTCIES, (The Solicitors’ names are between Parentheses. } BArLer William Morley, Derby, mercer. (Kinder ley, Long, and Ince, Gray ’sinn, and Greaves, Derby Banks Richard, Ritham, Kent, victuailer. (Debarry and berby, Tanfield court, Temipie, and Evetett and Martyr, Greeuwich Reckwith Thomas. Commercial road, coach maken (Meffrs Smith and Hewderson, Leman ftreet, Good » man’s fields . t Bell Robert, and Robert Hedley, Newcaftle-upon-Tyne, ‘Woollen drapers. Carr, Neweafile-tipon-Tyne, and Atkinfon, Chancery lane : ss Thomas, the younger, Seend, Wilts, checfe dealer. (Wetey, of Melkfham, and Sandys and Hortons Crane Court, Fleet ftrect Biste James, otherwife Blades. Manchefter, desler and chapman. (Hilton, Manchefter, and Marrifou, Cra- ven fircet, Strand Bringte Rebert, Leyland, Lancafter, bleacher. (Dew. huch. Prefon, and Barrett, Holborn court, Gray's inn Calvert William, Maryport, Cumberland; mercer, (Hodge ~~ fon, Whitehaven, and Falcon, Elim court, Temple Chambers Henry, Warwicky inn keeper. (Smart and * Thomas, Stapie inn, aud tomes and Heydon, Warwick Check Wiluam teary. Manchefter, fcrivener. ( Bouf- field, Bourer’e ftreet__ Chowles John Thomas, Finch lane. Cornhill. painter and elazier. (Dawne, Henriet:a treet, Covent garden Creike john, and john Frederick Schwederfky, Newcaf- tle-ipon Tyne merchants, (Bell and Brosrick, Bow lane Cheapfide Biliot Thomas. kedford ftreet, Covene garden, tailor. *" (Pike. Air ftreet, eA Bmmet semuel. irkenthaw, York. carpet maunfaurer. (wigesworths Gray's inn, and Wiglefworth and - ‘Thompfor, salifax Byte William, 3t. Columb Major, Cornwall, merchant. { Goode. Bodmin, and sandys and Hurton, Crane court, _.. Fleet ftreet ; Foxall Johu, Marlborough court, Carnaby market, yic- “eyaller, (Sherwuod, Cushion gourt, Broad Rreet Gardner Thomas, Shoreditch, haberdaher, (Batty, Chapecery lane Gear [iaac, Old Gravel lane, viGtualler. (Clement, Rad- cliffe highway Gray William, St. John ftreet, thoe-maker. (Selby, Charies ttreet, Northampton Hale James, Chefter, butcher, Milne and Parry, Tempie Halford Edward, Briftol, bakers (Whitcombe and Kings Serjeant's iun, Fleec ftecet, and Frankis, Brito) Harrison George, and John Watfon, Noble ftreet. Cheap~ fide, hofiers, (Wiglefworth, Gray’s inn (quare Harrifon Benjamin, Calbeck, Cumberlend, dyer. (Hurdy, miepe Bench walk, Temple, and Jeckfons, Mane chefter Henderfon Robert Wentworth, Georce flreet, Minories,. fhip broker. — (Collins and Waller, Spital fquare 4 Huthwaite, Willi: Nottingham, mer er. Coldhant , and Enfield, Nottingham, and Bieafdale, Alexander, , and Holmes, New iun, London Jeffery Anthony, Thornford, Dorfer, jobber. _ (Fookes. and Woodforde, Sherburne, and Warry, New inn, uare, Clerkenwell Simcock, Chefter, 2nd London. Johnfon Elijah, Bleeding Hart yard. Charles freet- Hol- = honky colbert maker, (Willovghby, Clifford’s inn — ennedy Thomas, Woolwich, tavern keeper. Wefe: wid eeureh Greet : * ete idd David, Berwick-upon-Tweed. linen draper. « {El- lis. Curfitor ftreet, London, and weenie anchefter Knott James. Oldham, Lancafter, grocer, (Heflop and» Barrow, Manchetter, aud J. and R. Williss Waruford, cuurt, London Lawten James, the elder. John Lawten, James Lawteg. the younger, and Jarvis Lawten, allof Afhton under- Line, Lancafter, cotton manufacturers. (Heflop and. Barrow, Manchelter, and J. and R. Willis, Warnfor@ court, London Lefiman. Leffman Jofeph, New ftreet, Bithopfgate ftreet, .. merchant. (Jones. Bafinghall treet Lilley Weftfield. St John fireet Clerkenwell linen dra- (Bourdillon and Hewitt, Little Frid2y-freet,: Cheapfide : Lovell Thomas, Shoreditch, baker. (Collins and Waller Spital fquare Mears Chatles, Stockport, Chefter, cheefemonger. (Huxe Teyy Lemple, and Dicas,stockport Morgan 1808.] Morgan Atheifton, and Edward Morgan, Builth, Breck- * mock, tauners, (Ruffell and Jones; Ludiow, and Highmoor, Buft lane, Cannon frreet Qidham Jofeph, Melton, Suffulk. draper, ‘Waod, Wood- bridge, Suffolk, and Berry and James, Bucklersbury, London Oliver Henry Brough, Brampton, Cumberland, cotton ma- nufacturer (Mounsey Staple inn, Lonrton Ollivant Wi'liam, Manchefter, cotton manufacturer. (Taylor. Manchefter, and Ellis, Curfitor ftreet, London Ollivane Thomas, Manchefter, filverfmith. (Paylor, Manchefter, and Ellis. Gurfitor ftreet, London Parr John, Owen and Thomas Chafe Patrick, Suffolk Jane, infurance Brokers (Dennetts ond Greaves, King’s Arms yard, Coleman treet Pater Thomas. Shadwell High ftreet, furgeop. (Wilfon, Devonshire ftreet, Hifhopsgate : Pearce James, Paternofter row, money fcrivener, (Whare fon, and Pyke, Lamb’s buildings, Temple Pepper john, Rumford Effex, vitualler. | (Sterry,- Rome ford, and Cutting, Bartlett's buiidings, Holborn Robinfon, Nicholas Effard, Bond court, Walbrook, mere chant (Allcock, Bofwell,and Corner, York ftreet, Southwark Seague Jonny, Duke ftreet, St. James's, tailor. Broad ftreet, Golden fquare : Smith James. Little vulteney ftreet, tallow e¢handler, (Beckert, _ (Hughes, Bear yard. Lincoln’s inn fields Stinchcombe John, Brifol, cabinet maker. (Sweet, Ine ner Tempe, and stephens, Briftol Stokes Thomas, Tooley ftreet, cabinet Maker. (Speek, St. John’s, Southwark Straw George, Lincoln. merchant. (Hayward, Lincoln and Macdougall and Hunter, Cinculn’s inn Smallbridge Thomas. stokesinetinnead, Devon, burehere on Wet Teigumouth, amd Towell, Finch-lane, Lon n ae Michael, Derby, mercer. (Lowten, Temple, Tondou Tennant jonn, Manchefter, butcher. (Edge, King ttreets- Manchetter Thackray Richard, Burton-Leonard, York. fiat dreffers (Godmond, New Bridge (treet, Blackfriars’ road Thompfon John, Manchefter, cotton Manufacturer. (Kay aud Ren saw, Manchetter ‘Treioar Thomas, the younger, Penryn, Cornwall, brewers {Shephard and Adlington, Bedford row. London, and Michell, Truro Tupper George, Linton, Kent, fhopkeeper, (Aubrey, Took's court Curfitor ftreet, Wilder and Son, Maid= ftone, and Morfon, Chatham Turner Thomas, Liyerpoul, cheefermanger. (Wine Ale, gone ftreet, Bedford row, London, and Griffith, iverpoo! Wicks Mary, Minchinhampton, Gloucefter, miller. ( Bloxe fume, Durfley. and Price and Williams, Lincoin’s inn Wilkes William, Sirmingham, faétor. (Lowe, Sire Mingham, and.Chilton, Exchequer office, Lincoln's inn Wing John, camford. Lincoln, vittualier. = (Smart and Thomas, Staple inn, |. endon, and Redifer, Stamford Wray John, Wakefield. York, corn dealer. (Batrye, Chancery lane, and Brook, Wakefield Wyatt derbert. Robert S. Jones, C. Sheppard, and Niels P. Topp, Duke ftrest. Aldgate, painters. (Bousfeid, _ Buuverie ftrect, Fleet ftreet Young James, Manchefter, cotton manufacturer. (Edge, King's Bench Walk, Temple, and Clough, Mancheffer DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED, Agar Mofes. City Chambers, thip owner, Auguft 6. 16 sas Joaquim, Abchurch jane, infwrance broker, v. § Andrade Joaquim, and Joachim Chriftian Stocqueler, Abchurch lane, infurance brokers, Nov. 5 ‘Barber, viiles, Lothbury, merchant, Aug. 27 Barnes John, Newport, Ifle of Wight. carpenter, Sept. 3 Bates Genjamin, Sherringham, Norfolk, thopkeepery Aug. 28 Beale john, Southampton ftreet, Camberwell, mathemati- 5 calinfrumentmakery sept. 3 Berry Ihomas. Fleet fireetyman’s mercer, Aug. 23 Burnett >amucl, Petershelu, Southampton, fel) mongers Sept. 12 Calton Godfrey, Sheffleld, linen draper. Aug. 26 Carruthers John, «riftol, grocer, Aug. 23 e Chritopher Ann, Blakedown, Kidderminter, Woreefter, jrou manufaGturer, Aug. 31 Cole John, Fore ftreet, Gationcr, Sept. 13 Collier Robert, New Sond ftreet. merchant, Dec 6 ox wiiliee, the elder, Chicheiter, dcaser im earthenware, Us 22 @roft William, Leeds, aod James Mauke, Hunflet, mer~ bands, Aug: 16 Alphabetical List of Bankruptciés and Dividends, 115 Davifon Andrew. Chefter, wine merchont, Sept. ¢ Day Edward, Collingbotrue Ducis, Wilts, farmer, Sept. 2 Day Willidm, Chespfide, man’s mercer, Aug. 13 Deacon Joho Eden, Manchefter, linen draper, Sept. 2t Dent, Robert, Stoke golding, Leicefter. grocery Aug. 25 Elworthy John Morris, St. James's @reet, goldimith,Sepaa Fearon James Peter,-Jate commander of the Belvidere” Eaft Indiaman, Aug. 77 Flook John, Stapleton, Gloucefter, miller, Aug. 24 Forthaw James, Pr=fton, Lincater, linen draper, Aug. 22 Fofter Jonu, Manchefter. cutron fpinner, Aug. 24 Gimeau Joacph Auguttus Vitor, Albemarle ftreet, booke feller. Aug. 20 Gaikill Thomas and George, Lancafter, linen drapers, Aug, 2 Gibfon Jorph, Newcaftle upon-Tyne, woollen drapery Aug. 25 7 Grimes George, Great Warner ftreet, Coldbath fields, linen draper, Nov. 19 Harper Gillies Macbean Alexander, Eafingwold, York, flag dreffar, Aug. (7 y Marrifon- George, Globe ftreet, Wapping, and James Gibs fon the elder, Aug. «3 x Hefketh, Jofeph, aud William Jones, Liverpool, grocers, Aug. 7 Hefkin tohn, Liverpoot, ftraw hat manufacturer, Aug. 33 Newlings Abraham, Duke ftrect, St. James's, cOrn mere chant, O&. 21 Higginbottom William, Tottenham court road, cock foun. der, O&. 25 ‘ Higes Daniel, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucefter, liquor mers chant. Aug 18 Hoghton William and John, late of Freton, Lancatery cotton manufacturers. Sept. 12 Hoaton, Samuel and So!omon Rick, Wooditock ttreety New Bond ftreet, merchant-tailors, Sept. 6, 13 Hawker George, Stroud, Gioucefter, clothier, Aug. 25 Jones Rob. Gower ftreet, Whitechapel, filk winder, No¥. § Knowles James. Gwyndw, Anglefea, innholder, Sept. 3 Law Thomas, Lancafter, merchant, Aug. 3 Layton Michael, Kennington, ftone mafon, Of. 22 h Leach Thomas, Grace’s alley, Weliclofe fyuare, haber dather. Sepr. 3 P Loat Richard, Long-acre, iroumonger, Aug. 16 Lockier, Thomas, Upper Uhames ftreet, merchantyAug, 37 Luckhurt Thomas, Canterbury, draper, Aug. 16 Maclachlan John, Hartford place, Drury Jane, cabinet mae ker, Sept. 10 “ p Martin William Markham, Gofport, bookfellér, Sept. § Milns Breok, Little Newport treet, Long Acre, dealer and chapman, Sept. 0 Norcliffe James, Robert town, Birltall, Work, clethier, Auge 20 Parker jofeph, Ringwood, Southampton, grocer. Sept, 22 Parry Morgan, Pontypool. Monmouth, fiop keeper, Sept za Payne. Samuel t.ucas, Changs ailcy, hatter, Auge 20 Pedier Henry, Bath, woolleo draper, Aug 13 Pilling John, the younger, Manchefter. ale-noufe keepers Aug, 22 Prefton Thomas, Aldermanbury, warehoufeman, Sept. 10 Pritehard William, the elder, Cardiff, Giamorgan, builder Sept. 2 Pritty John, Hadleigh, Suffolk, grocer, Aug. gr Roberts Samucl, Gloucefter, bruth maker, “ept.7 Robinfon. James, Liverpool, filverfmith, Sept 42 Robinfon, Tomas Hulme, and George Newman Hardeyg Liverpool, provifion brokers, Aug. 31 Serle John, Sheptun Mullet, Somenfet, clothier, Sept.ig Shepley Thomas, Selby. York. brewer, Sept.g Smith George, Sheffield, grocer, Auz. 26 © Snawdon Juhn. tiymouth, drapery Aus, 20 Spracggon, Jofeph and William, Gravefend, flopfeilers, Nov. ig Spraggon Joseph, Gravefend, Mopfeller, Nov. 19 Spraggo9 William. Gravefend, flupfelier, Nov. 19 Taylor Ann, Newenr, Giouceiter. thupkeeper, Scpt. 2 Tennmt Richard, the younger, wakefcld, merchang, Aug. 25 : Thomas David, Llandilo-yaur, Carmarthen, fhopkeepers Sept. 12 i Thompfon John, Hand court, Upper Thames ftreety wholefale ftationer, Aug. 27 , Wren Robt. Perersfield, Southampton. frill monger, Sept re Valentine, Richard and John, Mumford’s courts Mick ftreet, warchoufemen. Oc. a9 iy ; Wallens John, the younger, Lye, OM Swinford, Wotcef- ter, vitualler, Aug. gi " Ward john, Stockto\purham, fhip owner, Sept.-7. . Ward Henry, Curtain road. Shoreditch. apothecary, Aug. 16 Winter William, and Thdmas Far.en Hay, Long Acre, Jacemevy O88, 25 Woolley Jona Parkinfon, Walham green, brewer, Aug. 16 INCIDENTS, f 176 J [Sept. 1, INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, axv DEATHS, rw axv wean LONDON: With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. i A Great number -of the wool-buyers of Lo:don andits environs assembled on the 26th of July at Mr. Sadler’s Repository-yai'd, in Goswell-street, to attend a sale of English grown Merino wool, announced by. Lord Sos merville and o' her owners of Spanish flocks in this country, to be annually held at that Place, for disposing of their wool hy public auction. Twenty-seven lots of wool, prin= cipally of ‘crosses between Merino and Ry- land sheep, were. put up and quickly disposed of at from 2s. to 4s. id. per pound, exclu- sive .of one lot.of seowered wool, which fetched 5s. 1d. per pound. . The zbove wools were stated in the c;talogues to be the pro- perty of Earl Manvers, Earl Mansfield, Lord Somerville, William, Mitford, esq. Charles Jenkinson, esq. John Wilson Allen, esq. and ethers. His Majesty’s annual sale of Merino sheep took place at Kew on the 17th of August. The number of sheep sold was ferty-two, and they fetched the following prices : Lor 1. A-two toothed ram, was knocked down to Mr. Hawkins, at 182s. 2. A ditto ram, to Sir joseph Banks, at 203gs. y 3. A dittoditto to Mr. Selly, at 25gs. 4. A ditto ditto to Mr Cater, at S3z6. 5. A four-toothed ditto to» Mr. Kidd, at 2iigs. 6. A ditto polled ditto’ to Mr. Hunt, at digs. 7. Aditto ditto, somewhat lame, to Mr. Sumner, at 20gs. 8. A ditto ditto to Mr. Sumner, at 60zs. 9. A ditto ditto to Mr. Compton,at 29gs, 10. Aditte dirtoto Mr. Raviner, at 27gst 34. A ditto ditto to Mr, Nevill, at Sigs. 42. A ditto ditto to Mr. Hawkins, at 1dgs. 43. A ditto ditto to Mr. Kidd, at 7igs. * 14. X ditto dittoto Mr. Kidd, at Sigs. 425. A six-taothed ditto, to ditto, at 25gs. 46. A dittoditto, which has been used in the King’s flock; to Mr. Northey, at 34gs. t7. A ditro ditto, used in his Majesty's flock, to Mr. Allen, at 37gs. 48. A broken-mouthed ewe, to Mr. Cater, at 2tes. _ 19. A full-mouthed ditto to Mr. Ayres, at 17gs. ce. A ditto dittoto Mr. Solly, at 15 £gs. “ 91. A ditto ditto to Sir C. Talbot, at 12gs, 29. A ditto ditto to Stanford, his Maje- sty’s shepherd for a gentleman in Ireland, at ‘29¢gs. 25. A ditto ditto to Mr. Solly, at 27gs. $4. A ditto toMr. Kidd, at 21gs. 25.5 Acdittoto Mr. Solly, at 27gs. ‘96. A ditto to Mr. Kidd, at 2%gs. 97. A ditto to Stanford, the King’s shep- herd. fora gentleman in Ireland, at 350zs. 28. Aditto ewe, to Mr. Kidd, at 2jgs. Pa 29, Aditto to SirC Talbot, at 2igs, ‘30. A ditto toditto, at 20gs. 31. Aditto to Mr. Ayres, at 25gs. 32. A dittoto Mr, Kidd, at 25gs. © 53. nument to the Memory cf Eliza Cunning- “ham; 9. Fifty Expository Discourses on the Scriptural Passages which form the Subject of Handel’s Messiah, in two volumes octavo ; 10. A Sermon on the King’s Recovery; 11. Thoughts on the Slave Trade; 12. A Narra- tive of the Particulars of his own Life ads dressed to the Rev. Dr, Haweis; 15. Let- ters to a Wife, in two volumes; &c,] _ [Further account of Captain Thomas Morris whose death was announced at page 74,—He was born in the environs of London, where his father passed the evening.of a well spent life, on a sufficient income, through economy, to enable him to educate his children in those arts which elevate and embellish human na- ture. Having evinced an early passion for reading, he was placed under the instruction of a gentleman,.whose taste and classical Tearning were known tu those who were abie ‘to appreciate them.. Under his guidance, young Morris made rapid advances in the study- of the writers of Greece and-Rome, and in a few years, he could not only translate, but comment on the beauties of their poets, hiss torians, &c. Having realized and even ex- ceeded the hopes which were entertained of his talents, his father began to think of some _ Tine ih which they would supply the want of fortune in some useful, and at the same.time honourable pursuit. He bad a maternal “uncle, a man of high military rank, who was very partial to hisnmephew, and who conceiv- ang that the army was est suited to the na- tive gaicty of his disposition, procured him an ensigncy. Having been senton the recruiting service to Bridgewater, Somertetshive, he Account of the late Captain Thomas Morris. 181 married a Miss Chubb, a native of that town, an accomplished woniaa, who brought him a fine family, of boys and girls, who lostan affece tionate mother whilst the eldest of them wae quite young. Having been promoted to the rank of Captain, he was ordered with his re- giment to America, then under the governs ment of Great Britain. There he was en- gaged in several conflicts with the French and Indians, in all of which he displayed-the greatest courage and resources of mind, when bravery and number could no Jonger ayail, At-one time, Captain Morris was taken pri- soner by a party of Indians, and condemned to the stake, but arthe instant when‘preparations were making to inflict the dreadful sentence, he was recognised by/an old Sachem, whose life he had formerly saved, and who in grates ful return pleaded so powerfully_in his behalf that he was unbound and permitted to return to his friends. This event was described by the Captain in an affecting narrative written by himself in which he related his sufferings on this occasion, and notwithstanding all the hardships*he had suffered among the Indians, he was so attached to them and their mode of life, that he used frequently ta declare that they were the only race of human kind that was worthy of the name of men? On his res turn from America to England, he quitted the army, and gaye himself up to those stu+ dies which had won his earliest affections, and the conversation of a few enlightened friends, Having met with some disappoint- ment which his philosophy was not sufficient to support, he sought for a spot in the neigh= bourhood of London, where he might pass the rest of his days im retirement, and sfeund at length ina nursery garden, belonging to a Mr. Bowell of Paddington, a small cottage, in wkich he sat down to compare Pope’s Trans- Intion of Homer with the original. La this pur- suit he passed some years, which he has been heard to declare were the happiest’ of his life. During his residence in America he collected a_number of curious and interesting materials for the natural and civil history of that coun» try. With all his partiality for the dead lan~ guages, he was not blind to the richness, vie gour, and flexibility of his owa, which ~he cultivated with uncommon assiduity He had read all the.English poets with attention, and could if occasion required, repeat passages out of them which etquired new beauties from his enunciation and emphasis.» He had translated Juveaal lato English, and enriched it with many notes, but could never be pre- vailed on to print it. Some years ago he published a little poem, entitled «* Quishy, or the Coal black Maid,” founded on a West Indian story, and full of the pathetic. ] PROYVINCIAE [ewes PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, [Sept. 1 s - witb, WITH aru razr MARRIAGES anv DEATHS; Arronged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from North to South, *,* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly .au- thenticated, and -sent free of Postage, are always thankfully received. Those are. more particularly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Duprovements of any Kind, or which contain Biographical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. ’ te NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. PPLICATION is intended to be made to parliament, in the ensuing session, for leave to bring'in a bill for the better pre- servation, and further improvement of the river Wear, and port and harbour of Sunder- land. A very elegant mural marble monument hag been erected in the parish church of Ber- wick, in memory of the late George Young~ husband, esq. a native of that town, late a captain in the royal navy, at the expence of the Insurance Companies and merchants of Barbadées, as a tribute to his memory for the eminent services rendered by him in protect- ing thetrade of the Windward Islands. The Board of Agriculture have granted Mr. Crozer, nursery and seedsman, of Aln- wick, a reward of five guineas, for his disco- very of the means of preventing the curlin potatoes ; and purchased a quantity of pota- toes, treated according to his plan, which they have distributed in the southern dis- tticts of England, to make so useful a disco- very move generally known. By Mr. Crozer’s process, the potatoes intended for seed are set later and taken up earlier than when intended for food. And the produce from such plants, it is found, have stronger power of vegeta- tion, and are less liable to disease, than when they are suffered to grow to full maturity. On the same principle, potatucs from cold and bleak parts of the country are not liable to curl. Married.| At Bishopwearmouth, Mr, Jo- siah Lynn, ship-owner, to Mrs. Ann Rich- ardson. : . At Newcastle, Mr. Westgarth, surgeon, to Miss Gibson—Mr. R. W. Carr, to Miss Whitby, of Preston. At Durham, Mr. John Grieveson, to Miss Margaret Wilkinson.—Mr. Edward Pattison, of Merrington, to Miss Jane Emmerson. At Hexham, Mr. Francis‘Scott, to Miss Blizabeth Wilson. Died-},At Durham, Mr. Robert Moore, one of the brethren of Sherburn hospital, 95. =—Mrs. Mary Macknight, 55 — General Montgomery Agnew, governor of Carlisle, 78. —Mrs. Tyson, 88.—Mr. Wm. Palmer, 36. —Mrs. Ann Maddison, 85.—Mr. Matthew Davis, 71. He dropped down in the street and expired in afew minutes. At Newcastle, Mrs. Jane Orean, 101.—» > <= « Mr. Alex. M‘Gregor, 84.—- Mrs. Scotland, wife of Mr. Robert S. 48 —-Mr. John Men- ham, 53,—Mrs. Margaret Mason, 59.——Mr. John Moody, 38.—Mr. William Kelly, dis- tributor of stamps.—Frederick Horn, esqs surgeon, and captain of the light infantry company of the Newcastle volunteers.—-Mr, , Thomas Maddock, 41.—Miss Margaret Trail. —Miss Elizabeth Johnson, daughter of Mr. Peter J. 14.—Mrs. Dorothy Turnbull, 106, Till within tkree days of her death she pos-— sessed all her faculties —Mr. Richard Ber- gess, many years a salt officer at South Shields, 88.—The rev. John Falcon, who has many years held the perpetual clerkship of the parish of Gateshead. At Darlington, Mr. George Brown, 77. He was 52 years:a member of the Methodist Society, and during most of that time acted @s a local preacher. . At Berwick, Mrs. Todd.—The Rev. James Aitchinson.—Mrs. Gracie, 76.—Mrs. How, wife of Mr. Johnson H. surgeon.—-Mrs, Nelson, At Branton, the Rev. James Somerville, upwards of 24 yeurs pastor of the Presbyte- rian chapel at that place. At Stockton, MrsUhomas Grieves.—-Chris~- topher Allison, esq. §7.—-Mr. George Ry- mer, 18 yeats master of the charity schvol in this town, 52.—-Mrs. Lodge, wife of Mr. Ralph L. : At Morpeth, Mr. Thomas Jackson, 73.—- Mr. William Turner. At Sunderland, Mrs. Thompson. At Hexham, Mrs. Jane Wilson, wife of Mr. William W. . At Newcastle, Mr, William Temple, weaver, many years foreman in Midd's sail-cloth manufactory, and latterly governor of All Saint’s poor-house. By a close and re- gular application of the few hours afforded from a laborious occupation, he had acquir- ed an astonishing proficiency in most.of the eastern languages, particularly the. Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian; with the Greek and Latin, and some of the modern languages he was also well acquainted. The study of the original scriptures, with their various trans- lations, was the object of his unwearied pur- suit for a number of years, and few possessed equal talents for biblical criticism, With many of the peculiarities of a self-taught scholar he enjoyed a remarkable activity of Mind » 1808.] mind and strength of understanding, He de- rived much pleasure from directing and as- Sisting the studies of young persons, and not _ afew are indebted to him for his gratuitous instructions. Conscious of his own mental acquirements, and the rectitude of his moral principles, he indignantly spurned the pride ead affectation of the wealthy, but the man of talents, or-of moral worth, alike shared his friendship and assistance. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND. A company of gentlemen, from Alston- moor, in this county, have obtained a lease of some ground inthe parishes of Wetheral and of Corby, near Carli$le, from the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and H. Howard, esq. of Corby Castle, (lords of the manor), ard, hay- ing engaged a number of experienced miners, have begun to forma drift, for the purpose of obtaining lead ore, a vein of which has for Many years past heen known to exist there. Married.| At Carlisle, Mr. John Atkin- son, to Miss Lowthian. At Kendal, Mr. Robert Benson, to Miss Noble. At Whitehaven, Mr. Thomas Franks, to . Miss Esther Breanon.—Mr. John Richardson, to Miss Ann Askew. At Seathwaite, Mr. Strickland, of Cocky- Beck, to Mrs. Casson, of Lowmoss-house. Died] Mr. Henry Addison, surgeon, for~ merly of Whitehaven. He was found lying by the side of the road, between Cockermouth and Bridgefoot, with little signs of life, and expired while some humane people were carrying him to an adjoining public-house. At Wetheral, Mr. Adam Errington. ’ At Low Crosby, Mr. Robert Gaddes, 41. At Keswick, Mr. Thomas Banks, 66.— Mr George Rovkin, 65. At Workington, Mis. Mary Tiffin, relict of Captain T.—Mrs, Fawcett, 74. At Kendal, Mr. Thomas Hayton, 62.— Mr. Thomas Hurd, wine merchant, one of the aldermen of that borough, 47. At Thornthwaite, near Keswick, Mr. Jo- seph Sanderson. ‘+ At Cockermouth, Jonathan Robinson, 75. At Chirnside, Mr. Jobn Ewart, whose only son was buried but a week preceding his ewn death. ’ At Carlisle; Mr. Jonathan Wilson, 45. * At Moorhouse, Mr. John Ostell, 47, and a few days afterwards his uncle, Mr. Joseph Q. At Scotby, Miss Ann Dobinsony 36. At Eden Banks, near Armathwaite, Miss Ann Thompson, 21. AtPenrith, Mr. Walter M‘Intyre, master ofthe Old Grown inn, 41. - * “WORKSHIRE. The sale of the breeding stock of the late Sit George Strickland, bart. of Boynton, near Bridlington, held a few days since, was at- tended by a numerous assemblage of gentle- mien farmers and amateuts from the surrpund- ing neighbourhood, and the other parts of ‘orkshire, as well as from sev¢ra! of the ad, Lumberland—Westmoreland—Y ork. 183 joining counties. The stock fetched great prices, as might-be expected from the high character of the deceased owner, far a judici- ous and intelligent breeder.—One cow sold at the very great price of 1111. 6s,: and Another, thirteen years old, for 40 guineas, The whole produced near 22001. although twehty head had been reserved out of the stock by the family. After the sale, a bull belonging to Mr. George Coates, of Driffield, whose reputation as a breeder of stock is well known, was sold for the enormous sum of five hundred guineas. There are. now growing within 300 yards of the old Gothic ruins of Fountain’s Abbeys three miles from! Rippon, in Yorkshire, seven very large yew trees, generally called the Seven Sisters, whose exact ages cannot be ace curately learned, though it has been handed down from father to son that these seven yews were standing in the year 1088. And it is said, that when the Great Fountains’ Abbey was building, which is 700 feet long, and was finished in 1283, the masonsused to work their stones, during the hot summers, under the shade of these trees. Thecircum- ference of the Seven Sisters, when measured by a curious traveller, were of the following sizes:—The smallest tree, round its body, five yards twelve inches ; four others are from five yards anda half to seven yards and ahalf; the sixth is nine yards and a half; and the seventh is eleven yards and nineteen inches in circum/erence, being two yards and ten inches larger than the great yew-tree now growing in the church-yard at Gresford, in North Wales, which is nine yards nine inches. hese trees are the Jargest and oldest growing in the British dominions, Marrizd.| At Beverley, G. P. Grew, esq. major of the 45th regiment of foot, to Miss Harding, duughtér of Henry H, esq. of Hard. ing Grove, Limerick, Ireland, At Salton, John Snowball, esq. of New Malton, to Miss Abbey, of the former place. At North Da'ton, Mr. J. Dowker, second son of John Dowker, esq. of Salton, ta Elizae beth, daugitter of William. Buttle, esq. At Leeds, Mr. William Smith, merchant, son of Mr. George S. banker, to. Miss Bure rows, daughter of Mr, B. of Scott Hall. —Mr, - Joshua Ingram, merchant,to Miss Hall, daughe 4er of the late Henry H. esq. At Kildwick, Walter Skitnow, esq. of Lincolns’ inn, to Mary Anne, second daughter of Wiliiam Wainman, esq. Died.) At Springfield-house, near Leeds, Mrs. Jowitt, eldést daughter of Joshua Wale ker, esq. M.D. of Leeds, At Horton, Mr. S. Rand, merchant, a young man ofa strong understanding and cons siderable mechanical genius, 22. “The Rey. Benjamin Ingham, yicar of Ardsley. . At the parsonage, Sutton-upon-Derwent, near York, the Rey. J, Sarrause, B.ID, vector of that parish, and vicar of Byssatl, aad one of _ * id 4. of the Riding. _ At Marsk, in Cleveland, Bartholomew Rudd, esq. 89. At Huddersfield, Mr. John Houghton, At Birkin, near Ferrybridge, Mr. John Long, 68. yan ‘ At Halifax, Mr. Joseph Matthews, 76. At Cleckheaton, Mr. Tho. Greenwood, 79. At Knaresborough, Mrs. Harrison, of the Black Horse, 52.—Mrs. Pretious, 74.—Mr. John Lazenby, 53. _ At Wakefield, Mr. John Walton, mer- chant.—Mrs. Ambler, 69.—Mrs, Brooke, wife of William B. esq. one of bis majesty’s deputy lieutenants for the West Riding. At Hull, aged 76, Mrs. Gunhouse, widow of the Jate Captain R. Gunhouse, ofthe Olive Branch, of Hull. When eating a crab, about ten days ago, a part of the shell ran into her thumb. Her arm soon after began to swell, and a mortification ensued, which occasioned her death.—Mrs. Pinder, 104.—Mr. Robert Hall, 52.—Mr. Robert Brown, 63.—Mr. Robert Wilson, of Malton, surgeon of the Elizabeth Greenland ship. At York, Mr. Jeremiah Wragg, of Shef- field,” 40.—Mr. Steel.—Mr. W. Watson.— Mrs. Robinson.—Mr. Thomas Tate, 40. At Leeds, Captain Delaplace, 85.—Mrs, Richardson, 75.—Mr. Thos. Lievsey, 87, At Whitby, Mr. John Yeoman, 89. At Sheriff Hutton, Misé Lucy Tate, daugh- ter of the Rey. Mr. T. vicar of that place. - > At Cottingham, Mrs. Gee, wife of Mr. G. of Hull, ‘merchant.—The Rev. Mr. Thirl- well, vicar of that place. justiees of the peace for the East LANCASHIRE. At the annual meeting of the Manchester . Agricultural Society, on the ist of August, the following premiums were adjudged :—To F. D. Astley, esq.-of Dankinfield, for plant- ing 51,000 trees, a silver medal; to John Ashworth, of Turton, for floating the Breatest quantity of land, a silver cup, value seven guineas ; to Joseph Ridgway, of Horwich, for covering the greatest quantity of land with good compost, a silver cup, value five gui- neas ; to John Isherwood, esq. of Marple, for the neatest farm, a silver medal ; to Thomas Remer, of Hill Top, for raising the greatest quantity of peat compost, a silver cup, value seven guineas ; to Mary Hall, of Daresbury, for twenty-six years servitude, cash, five gui- neas ;_ to Ralph Armstrony, of Dean row, for draining the‘greatest quantity of land with Stone, a silver cup, value seven guineas ; and to Croxton Johison, réctor of Wilmslow, for inventing a machine to sow wheat, a silver cup, value seven guineas. The spacious and elegant edifice just erect- ed on the south side-of Brunswick street, Li- verpool, has been opened for the purpose of a Corn Exchange. Many of the principal mer- Ghants engaged in that trade about two years Lancashire. [Sept Since, projected the establishment, which is now completed. The sum of 8,000]. the estimated expence of the undertaking, was raised by, subscriptions of 100}. each, and a committee was appointedwith powers to carry the design into execution. Lhe building which has been erected in pursuance of these resolutions, is a very handsome structure oF two stories, designed and executed by Mr. John Foster. It is 74 feet 7 inches broad by 121 feet deep. The front in Brunswick street is a plain-but very handsome elevation of the Doric order, built of white free stone ofa very fine quality, The front of the lower Story is occupied by two handsome extra doors and two large gateways, with cust iron’ gates; the whole divided by columns and se- mi-columns. Over the entrance is a very spacious room, adapted for a public dining- room or other purposes, and a smaller room adjoining. The large quadrangle of the in- terior is lighted from above by a lantern light - which runs along the middle of the building, and each side is lighted by three domes with sky-lights at the top. ‘The whole is support- ed by 14 cast-iron pillars of suituble dimen- sions, It possesses, therefore, this important advantage over the.corn market in Mark-lane, that being completely covered in, those wha frequent it are secured from the inclemencies of the weather. Married.] At Garstang, Mr: Jonathan Sowden, aged 88, to Mrs. Eliz. Gorhall, 86. At Liverpool, Mr. Henry Hunt, to Miss Thompson, only daughter of the late Nicho- las T. esq. merchant of Whitehaven.—The Rev. John Bruce, of Newport, Isle of Wight, to Miss Hurry, daughter of the late John H. esq. of this town.—Captain John Mason, to Miss Mary Watt—William M‘Call, esq. merchant, to Miss Agnes Liston. Carr At Preston, Edward Birley, esq. of Kirk~ ham, to Miss Eliz. Swainson. At Manchester, Robert Parker, esq. of Heaton, Norris, to Miss S. Pollitt, of Hard- wick.—Mr. James Ainsworth, surgeon, to Miss Faweett. r z At Bury, the Rev. B. Casson; of Chester, to Miss Ortt, daughter of the Rey. Mr. O, of the former place. Died.] At Lancaster, Miss Mary Rawlin- son, youngest daughter of the late Thos. H. Rawlinson, esq. after alingering indispositions endured with that fortitude and resignation which had eminently characterised her through life. She found a resource for the infirmities of a delicate constitution in works of genius and benevolence, and the cultiva- tion of those qualities of the understanding and heart. which shed a lustre upon huma- nity. They rendered her society delightful to anextensive circle of acquaintance, and her patronage of the indigent and friendless pecu- liarly liberal and judicious. On the hearts of those who have had the misfortune to lose se beloved and valuable a relative and fan er "a a -s ae 1808.] her many excellencies are indelibly inscribed. They will consult her memory at once asa Source of consolation, and a subject of re- gret.—-Mr. James Har:ley.—--Mrs, Ann Scrogham, relict of Mr. Richard S. of Wray- sholm Tower, near Cartmel At Manchester, Mrs. Broad —Mrs Raw- son, relict of & R. esq 80 —Miss Smalley, diate o° that useful institution, the Reposi- tory, established in this town. At Rhodes-hill, Mrs. Taylor, wife of Ed- - mund Tf. esq ; At Bury, Mr. W. A. Ashton. At Eccles, Mr William Lawson, At Audenshaw, near Ashton-under-line, Mr. John Clayton, 8+. At Carrington, Mr. Edward Greenough, of the Windmiil inn, and game-keeper of the Aownship several years for the Earl of Stam- ford and Warrington. At Liverpool, “ir. B. Cullerne.—Miss Smith, 22.—Mr. William Tames, 67.—Mr. * Andrew Parr, 60.—Mr. Thomas Carrell, 65. —Mrs. Martha Bispham, 62,—Wr. Charles Woodward, bookseller.—Mrs. Sauce, 49.— ts. Guodwin, widow of the late Wm. G, esq. of Norris Green. —Mrs. Margaret Crab- tree, relict of Mr. Roert C, 69. At Prescot, Mrs. Ashcro-t. At Ashton under-lyne, Mr. Josh. Wood, 62. CHESHIRE. Married.] At Chester, the Rev.T. Winfield, to Miss Mary Jane Sparrow, tourth daughter of J. 8. Sparrow, esq. of Red Hill, Anglesea. At Sandbach, J. Ormerod, esq. late of Brazen Nosé College, Ox‘ord, to Sarah, eldest daughier of john Latham, esq. M. D. of Bradweil-hall. At Rancorn, Bennett. At Gresford, Mr. John Done, of Burton, to Miss Maria Done, only daughter of the late Mr. D. of Brincley. - At Middlewich, Mr. W. Jump, to Miss Fairclough, daughter of the late Captain lames F . Died.| At Haslington-hall, Mrs. Woolf, wife of Mr. W. farmer; a most industrious woman, who entirely sup-rintended the busi- mess of a large daisy, which was always es- teemed by factors as one of the choicest in the connty. At Chester, Mrs. Dyson, wife of Mr. Al- derman D, 73—Mr. Join Tomlinson, sur- geon, 49.— ir. Thomas Bennion, one of the aldermen of the curporation At Bolt’s green, near oandbach, Mr. John Holland. At Nantwich, Mrs. Craig, wife of Mr. C, bookseller, Mr. Lord, to Miss Ann bs DERBYSHIRE Married | At Duffield, Mr Samuel Ar- pyle, of Heage, to Miss Hannah Frost, of Wyver, near Belper. At Derby, Mr. Mark Whitworth, to Miss Mary Yeomans. Montury Mac., No, 175. ‘ Cheshire—Derby—Nottingham—Lincoln, 185 Died.] At Nether Handley, Mr. John Hancock, 91. . At Long Eaton, Mr. Thomas Smiths many years a local preacher in the Methodist con-~ nection, ' At Darley, in his 87th year, the Rev. Sir Wm. Ubthorn Wray, bart. of which place he had been rector 44 years. At Foxtow house, near Buxton, Robert Longden, esq.- At Shuttlewood, Mrs. Eliz. Allwood, a maiden lady, 86. The Rev. J. B. Pearson, vicar of Croxal, and prebenddry of Lichfiela, At Coxbench, Mrs. Buchanan, 36, ’ At Eckington, Mrs. Barber, wife of Mr. William B. jun. ~ At Blackwall Lieutenant Richard-Mellor, youngest son of George M. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, Married.) At Edwinston, Mr. John Tur- ner, merchant, of Sheffield, to Miss Ann Alle croft, of Cavendish Lodge, near Mansfield, At Newark, Mr. Lee, to Miss Moss. At Nottingham, Joseph Harvey, gent. to Miss Burrows.—-Mr. Absalom Barnett, to Miss Sarah Ingham. Died] At Nottingham, Mr. Wm. Cocks, drugwist, 63.—Mrs. Barlow.— Mr. Partridge, apothecary, 87 —Mr. Wm. Goodburn.—Mr, Whitehead.—Mrs. Simpson. —Mr, Joha Smith, 54. At Bingham, Mrs. Jebb. , At Winthorpe-house, near Newark, Mrs, Pocklington, wife of R. P. esq. 64 Ac Bunny, Mr. John Greaves, 72, LINCOLNSHIRE, Married.} At Lincoln, Mr. Hogarth, of Louth, ch+ist, to Miss Spicer. Ac Louth, the Rev. T. Paley, rector of Aldrington, Sussex, to Miss Allenby. Died.| At Withum Common, Mrs. Dun- hill, wife of Mr. D. of the Angel inn, Grantham At Roughton, near Horncastle, William Hirst Simpson, esq. major commandant of the Horncastle volunte*r infantry, 52. At Willingham, near Gainsborough, Miss Smith, eldest daughter of the Rey. Mr, S. At Louth, Mr. William Cooke, 50.—John Beatniffe, esq. formerly of Huil, 87.—Mrs, Tuxworth, 86. At Staniford, Mrs. Boultby, wife of Mr. B, schoolmaster.—Mrs, Granger. At Donnington, Mr. Joseph Foster, 66. “At Gainsborough, Mrs. Grace Revil, 103. —Mr. William Hickin. At Crowland Abbey, in his 85th’ year, the Rev. Moor Scribo, who had been rectorof that parish upwards of forty years, to which he was presented by the late Charles Orby Hun- ter, esq At Horncastle, Mr. James Harrison, who had acquired a property of séveral thousand pounds as a pig-jobber, Bb AS. 186 At Manby, near Louth, $, Wellfit, esq. 61. At Upton, near Gainsborough, Mr. Samuel Leonard, many years chief constable for that district, 75. \ The Rev. R. Lock, vicar of Long Benning- ton, in this county, and of Farndon cum Bal- derton, Notts. At Partney, the Rev. William Tyler, rec- tor of Bratoft and Ashby, near Spilsby. At Wharton, near Gainsborough, Mrs. Brooke, wife of Mr. B. printer, of Doncaster. LEICESTERSHIRE. Married] At Barwell, near Hinckley, Thomas. Pemberton, esq. to Miss Hooke, daughter of the late Licut.,colonel H. of the 47th regiment. At Leicester, Mr. Cooper, of Bristol, to Miss Hacket. At Lutterworth, Mr. William Neale, to Miss Straton. . -AcShenton, Mr. Rubbley, of Earl's Shil- ton, to Mis Be: by. Died.| At Coteshatch, the Rev. Robert Marriott, rector of that place, and of Gilmor- ton, in this county, 67. At Loughborough, Mr. Samuel Kirkman. At Rean Manor Parks, Mr. Patchett, wife of Mr. John P, 77. f At Leicester, Miss Elizabeth Bradsworth. =Edward, youngest son of W, Walker. esq. At Humberton, Mr. George Wolfe, 98. At Cadeby, Mr. Samuel Marson, 20. At Bilston, Mr. Glenn, 75. Ac Lutterworth, Mrs. Mary King, 85. At Melton Mowbray, Mrs. Alliott, 77. STAFFORDSHIRE. Married ] At Clifton, Thomas Byng, esq. _ of Tamworth, to Miss Maria Wwyllym. At Handsworth, Mr. Steward, of Broms- . grove, Worcestershire, to Miss Martha Vickers.—-Mr. G. Bradley, to Miss P. Lioyd, both of Birmingham. At Burton on Trent, Mr. V@lliam Hanson, to Miss Wilvich. } Died.| At Tamworth, Mrs Mary Carey, 82 At Walsall, Mr. Henry Pitt, surgeon- At Wolverhauipton, Benj. Pountnev, esq. At Lane End, in the Potteries, Mr. J. New- bold. At Pattingham, W. Winkle; gent. At Bradley, John Wilkinson, esq 80. He was a man endowed with a great mind hap- pily blending great enterprize and energy. He was a great promoter of pubdjic improve- ments, fri-ndly to agriculture and canals, and hed few, if any equals, as an iron-muster, in which, by his invention and spirit of enter- prize, he was decidedly the first to bring that great branch of our national wealth and pro- ‘Sperity to its present~pitch of perfection. Though he tived to see the iron trade rising into great importance, he still thoug¥r fe in its infancy, and susceptible of much improve- ment ; and though frugal in his manners and habits, he was not “sparing of expensive expe- Fiments for the advancement of his favourite Leicester —Stafford—Warwick—Shropshires [Sepét? 7; object, the iron trade, in which he had ac- quired, what he justly merited, an ample for- tune. The loss of snch a character, so exten~ “sively connected with the labouring classes of the community, cannot he otherwise than severely felt; but ever iriendly to objects of national improvement, he has left directions to his executors to carry on his nuinerous works on, their present extensive scale. He dire. ted his bedy to be buried in an iron coffin at his seat at Castle-head, Lancashire, where he had created a considerable increase to his property, by reclaiming an extensive tract of moss land, which has been spoken of by agri~ culturists as one of the first efforts of the kind in this or any othercountry. WARWICKSHIRE. Married] At Birmingham, William Wi- thering, esq captain in the Warwickshire militia, to Lydia, only daughter of the late J Richards, esq—Mr. M_ P. James, banker, to Miss Olivia Lloyd, daughter of Chaples L. esq.—Mr. S.. Wheeler, merchant, to Mary, only dau-hter of Henry Thomas, esq. —Mr. W. H..Smith, merchant, to Miss Mary Suter. At Coventry, Mr. Elizabeth Hewett. Died.] At Whitley, Mrs. Jones, 69. At Coventry, Mrs. Holland, 84.—Mrs J. Horsefull —Mrs. Johnson. —Mrs. Howard, 90.—WMr. Davies, 34.—Mrs. J. Barnes, 71. At Longbridge, Mc. Joseph Blick, twenty years one of the assessors and collectors’ of the king’s taxes in Warwick. At Kenilworth, Mrs Aldridge, 60, At Atherstone, Mrs. Allport, At Coleshill, Mrs. Rathbone. At Warwick, Mary Ann, second daughter of Mr. James Loveday. , At Bedworth-hall, near Coventry, Mrs, | Piercy, wife of Mr. William P. At Birmingham, Mr. Francis Twist, 70. Mr. Jonathan Fardun —Mr. William Foulks. —Mrs. Phillips, wife of Mr. William P. 70. —Mrs. Bond, 77.—Mrt. R. Haynes.—Me, Friend.—Mr. Maddox.—Mr. Thomas Lucas. w=—Mr. Zaccheas Walker, merchant, 71.— Mr. Samuel Ward.—-Mrs. Johnson.-—Mr. George Edwards, 27.——Mrs, Ann Lowe Mr. Thomas Moss, 57. SHROPSHIRE. Married.] At Wellington, Captain George Smith, of Liverpool, to Miss Emma Hay~- ward, of Shrewsbury. XS oral John Humpliries, esq. of Rhiewport, Mont- gomeryshire, to Merial, daughter of the late Rev, D. Griffiths, rector of Hordley. Died.| At her house, near Ellesmere, the Dowager Lady Kenyon, relict of Lord Kz late lord chief justice of thé King’s Bench. At Goulding, Mrs. Eliz. Langley, 84. At Sutton, near Shrewsbury, Miss Ann Hiies, eldest daughter of Mr. Simon H. At Shrewsbury, Mrs. Green —Mrs. fones, wife of Mr. Humphry J. of the Angel Inn,— $ Mr. James Roly, to Misa 1808. ] Mr. Robert Winstanley, 28.—Mrs. Ann Williams. At Harnage Grange, Mr. A. Oliver. At Stoke Park, Mrs. Clark At Whitchurch, Mr. John Ellis, of the Shropshire volunteers —Mr.- James Simpson, many years an officer of excise, 75 At Hinton, near Whitchurch. Mrs. Dulson. ‘At Dinthill, Mr. Joseph Cooper, lute a €*ptain in the second regiment of Shrops\iire militia. At Meole Brace, Mrs, Hughes, 75. At Wigmore, Thomas Sa: er, esq. formerly ef the Highwood, near Leominster. At Winni-gton, Mr. Wm Rotert. At Belmont, Mrs Blakeway, relict of the Rev. Edward B. late minister of St. Mary’s, Shrewsvucy. At Oswestry, Mr. Richard Maddox, book- seller. _ WORCESTERSHIRE. : Married | At Kidderminster, Mr. Sprigz, “to Miss Charlotte Newcomb, daughter of the late Alderman N.—Mr, Sainsbury, to Miss W alters. Mr. Smart, of Bengeworth, to Miss Good- hall, daughter of Mr. Thos. G. of Pershore. At Worcester, Mr. Wiiliam Hemming, of Redditeh, to Miss Mary Ann Chamoerlain. Died.| At Stockton, Mrs. E. Nott. At Worcester, Mrs. Bulkeley, relict of Richard-B. esq. secretary of the province of Nova Scotia. —Miss Parker, daughter of tre Yate Rev. Charles P. rector of Turley and Hasfield, Gloucestershire. —Mr. Maddox. “At Wolverley, Mr. Joseph Wheeler. At the Broad Heath, Mr. George. At Bromsgrove, Mrs. Grainger. At Shrawley, the Rev. George Bourne, fel- low of Worcester College, Oxford, and vicar of Steeple Bartou, Oxfordshire. _At Maddersfield, Mr. Joha Phillips, farmer. Ar Crookbarrow Farm, near Worcester, Mr. Joseph Coney, of Sidbury. HEREFORDSHIRE. Marricd |] At Here‘ord, having previously paid a visit to Greina, Lewis Frazer, esq. of the 15th regiment, to Miss Catharine St. George Williams, youngest daughter of John W. esq. of Wilcroft. At Weobley, Henry Moore, esq. formerly of the Homme, to Miss Phillipps. . . At Leominster, Thomas Froysel, of Ris- bury, to Miss Aewellin: Died ] At Foy, William,second son of the Rev, John Jones. At Bodenhum, Mrs Newman, 80. * At Hereford, Mrs. Chapman, 74°—Mrs. Seiten Preece, of the Crown inn. At Kington, Mr. David Moythan, sur- Zeon, 60. At the Meend, Wm. John Raymond, se fond son of Thomas Symonds, esq 13. At Wigmore, Thomas Sayer, esq. fore merly of the Highwood, near Leominster. Worcester —Hereford—Gloucester—Oxford, Ke. 187 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Married.| At Stroud, Mr, William Wells, to Miss Blake. At fetbury, T. F. Byam, esq. to Miss Wight, eldest daughter of the late R: W. esq. Mr J White, ot Painswick, to Mis’ Byam, daughter of William B. esq. of Willa: ey. At Rodmartou, H. J. biedermano, «sq of Maimesbury Chsrtton, Wilts, to Miss Ry Kilmister, daughter of Mr. K of Culkeron. apr) At Tewkesbury, Mrs. Alice Leach, 107. At Cheltenham, Caotain G. B. Whine yates, nephew of Sir Thomas Frankiand, bart. - —MMrs. Williams, wite of Andrew W. esq. of Southampton. At Gloucester, Mr. Joseph Evening, of Londen.—Mrs. Wood.—Miss Frances Smyth. Miss Chapman. At Ebley- house, Elizabeth, wife of Thos. Cooper, esq. and eldest daugnter of Sir Sams Wathen, 530. At Tockington, Mr. John Player. At Badgworth, Mr. Wm. Okey, 72. At Sodbury, Mrs. Eliz. Brooke, relictof Henry B esq late of Bristol. At Hay-hill, Mrs. Jones, wife of Ronyon Je €5qe OXFORDSHIRE. Married.| At Church Enstone, Mr. John Faulkner, of North Hinksey.to Miss Phi- lippa Jolley. At Oxford, Mr. Ww. Quarterman, to Miss Welis. Died.| At Henley-upon-Thames, Wizhtwick, 70.—Mr. James Srevens. At Oxford, Mrs. Bridgewater, 64.-—On his way to Chepstow, on a visit to his son, Major James Hanvill, late of the island of Alcerney. —Mr. Edward Wardle, surgeon to the Oxe ford volunteers, and one of the surgeons to the Radcliffe. Infirmary, 27.—Mrs. Rice, 88. At Su‘ton Courtney, Mr. Robt. Hoare, 61. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Married.| At Aylesbury, the Rev, J. Bull, M. A. late of Oriel college, Oxford, to Mrs. Kennedy, relict“of Peter K M. D, and only daughter of the late Sir David Wile liams, of Goldington house, Herts. At Chesham, Mr. William Street, to Mary Ann, second daughter of the late Rey, Moses Porter, of Ciapham. At Newport Pagnell. Mr. John French, of Tyringham, to Miss Martha a Fossey. Died] At Pyle, near Colnbruok, Henry Bullock, esq. one of the oldest magistrates in this county, 78. HERTFORDSHIRE. Died.] At East Barnet, William. the youngest son of Henry Davidson, esq. At Ware, Mrs. Edwards. BEDFORDSHIRE. Married.) At Aspley Guise, the Rev. William Denison, rector of Cublington, to Miss Aveling, sister tothe Rey, Mr. A. rece tor of the former place, Mz, Mrs, 188 Mr. Groocock, of Ashford, Kent, to Miss E. M. Prim, second daughter of Thomas P. esq. of Felmkersham. ; Died] At Bedford, Mrs, Eliz. -Tingay, 101; NOR THAMPTONSHIRE. i Married.| At Kettering, Mr. William Glover, of London, to Miss Timms. At Northampton, Mr, Walker, of Lon-- don, to Miss Balaam. ; Died.] At Wilby, Mrs. Slater, mother of the Rev. Mr. S. rector of that place, 91. At Middleton Cheney, Mrs. Golby, wife of Thomus G. gent. At Nassington, Mr, John Stilyards, At Finedon, Mrs. Stanton, relict of Mr. S. of the Bellian. A. Rockingham, Mrs. Day, relict o? John D. gent. At Thorpe Malsor, Miss Maunsell, daugh- ter of Thomas Cecil M. esq. 24. At Hinton in the Hedges, Mrs. John Scott. : ~At Hentsbury-hill, near Northampton, Mrs. Shaw, 76 : At Yardley Gobion, Mr. William Hayes, a member of the Towcester troop of North- amptonsnire yeomanry cavalry, 45. HUNTINGDONSHIRE, Married.] At Woodstone, Caryer She- rard, esq of Thrapsion, Norchamptonshire, to Miss Mary Bringhurst, second daughter of the Rev. jobn B. “ ' At Whittlesea, Mr. Walker Wraight, jun. merchant ot Wisbech, to Miss Johnson, only daughter of John J esq. '- Died.] At St. Ives, Mr. John Cook. . ; CAMERIDGESHIRE. Married.) At Voft, Thomas Steel, esq. of London, to Miss Haighton. "Mr James Revin, jun. of Newton, to Miss Watson, daughter, or Mr. W ai Wisbech. © Disd.] At Cambridge, Mr Spinan.— Juirs. Cole. —Mr. Michaei Headley, 55. At March Fen, Vir. Spilman —Mr. Cole. e-Mr Michael Headley, 55.—Mr. Robert ‘Wooilward At Newmarket, Mrs. Carter, 70. NORFOLK. Married.} At Norwich, Richard Veale Minty, esq storekeeper of his Majesty's ord- hance at Yarmouth, to Miss Maria Josepha Hibsame, daugitter of the late Rev. E. Hiv- game, rector of Stratton St. Michael.— he Rev. Thomas Browne, D.D. master of Cnrist’s College Cambridge, to Miss Lucy Astley, youngest daughter of the Rev. John A, of ‘Phornage. At Yarmouth, Nathaniel Squire, esq. of the royal navy, to Miss Margaret Corp. ; At Sturtfield Lodge, G. E. Beauchamp Proctor, esq. second son of Sir Thomas Geau- champ P. bart to Ellen, only daughter of Robert W. Haihed, esq. of the Priory, Berks. Sir Mordaunt Mactin, bart.-of Burnham, to Mrs North, relict of the late Rey Mr, N. and davzhter of the late Rev. Armine Styleman; of Snettisham. Northampton— Huntingdon— Cambridge, Kc. [Sept. 1, Died.] At Burgh hall, Mrs Prestony wife of Major P. of Appleton. At Great Dunham, Dalton Chamberlayne, esq. 87. ¢ At Swanton Abbotts, Mr. Robert Cooper, 84. ia At Mendhom, Mr. Daniel Mayer,,73. At Kenninghall, James Henry Charles, only son of Mr. James Butler. su:geon. At Wizgen all, Se. Magdalen’s, Mrs. Case, tle, 26. At Ridlington, Mr. J. Engall, 84 At Costessey, Mr, Say. At Trowse Mills, Phebe, wife of Mr. D. Bloom, 50 At Thorpe Lodge, Miss Julia Haryeyy third daughter of John H esq. 18. f At Worstead, Mis. Birc, 70. The Rey. |. Barnes, rector of SoutBtowny and vicar of Gorleston, near Yarmouth. At Norwich, Miss S_ Prentice.—Mr. Bays field, 56.—M:is Grand, 80 At Bungay, Mr. John Uiting, 62. At Yarmouth, Mr. Saniuvel Palmer. AtSwaffham, Mrs Franc:s Slomefield, a maiden lady, niece to the author of the His- toy of Nortolk At Fakenham, Mrs. Heath, wife of Dr. H. At Coliishall, Mrs Hannah bell, 72. “ §UFFOLK Married.) At Little Thurlow, Sir fohn Courtensy Honeyword, bart. to Mary Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Wiliidm Henry Cooper, bart. Died } The Rev. “Richard Waddingtony rector of Cavendish, 70 At Sutton, Mrs, Saran Gross. At Bury, Mr. John Smirk, 70.—Mr. R. Thompson, 55 Ar Barningham, Mrs. Barnes, wife of Mr, Johns. 71. At Saxmundham, Mrs Salmon, 24 At Chelsworth, Mrs. Pocklington, widow of Richard P. esq. ESSEX. At Coichester, Mr. James Mar rie d. J Neweas le At Felsted, Mr. Trueman, of London, to Miss S. Rutland, of the Swan inn. Died | At Langfo-d grove, Nicholas West- comb, esq Many years a magistrate of this county. At Chelmsford, Mrs. Clarke, several years housekeeper to the Shire Hall. , At Tingrith Hall, Blackmore, Eliza, see cond daughter of William Waller, esq. 17. St Rayleigh, Mrs. Witham, of the Red Lion inn. , At Bumpstead Helion, Mrs. Carter, 91. At Sandon, Miss Cuoch. At Hucton-hill, Mr. John Wilcocks, 22. At Colchester, Mrs. Lodington, relict of the Rev. John L. rector of Toit and Haddise- coe, 94.—Mrs. Nunn, wife of Mr. N. sur~ geon, 23.—David Dixon Lloyd, esq. second son of the late Rev. Dr. L, of Lynn, At : y r Ht YY ‘ . 1803.} At West Hanningfield, Mr. Richard Finch, sen. At Wrabness, the Rev. John Harrison, - gector of that parish. At Abberton, Mrs. Rowliet, wieo Mr. R. of London, and younges; sister of the late Francis Canning, ¢sq. ; KENT. Married.| At Maidstone, Joshua Russell, esq. to Miss Wilde, daughter of Thomas, W. esg.~-Horatio Pope, esq. of Fant House, to Miss Lee, only dan:hter of William Lee, esq. of the Bower. At Ashford, Lorenzo Moore esq. maior of the 35thregiment, to Eliza, eldest daughter of the late Morley Whorrey; esq o: Selby, Yorkshire. At Canterbury, C. }. Gerss, esq. of Rams- gate, to Sophia, only daughter of Joscph Ainsley, esq. Died.} At Lee Grove, the only son of W. Ethrington, esq. of Gainsborough, Lincoln- 'ghire, 17. sil At Canterbury, Mrs, Punnett, relict of Thomas P. ¢sq. of Maidstene.—Mrs. Sprin- gall.—Mrs. sarah Sladden, 74. At Longport, near Canterhury, Mr, Ed- ward Gurney, 70. At Sandgate, George Lockett, esq. of South- ampton-place, New-road, London. At Sandwich, Mr. George Pettman, ‘son of Mr, W.P. comptroller of the customs, 21.— ” Mrs. Eliiote, 22. At wiargate, Mrs. Pccock, widow of Cha:les P.. esq. 69. * 4t Ramsgate, James Townley, jun. esq. eldest son of James ‘I. esq. of that place.— Mss. Taylor, wife of Ts esq. of the royal navy. At Brompton, Mrs. Hulett, mother of Mr. H. of the acacemy there. At Tenterden, Mrs. Godden. At Duver, Mr. Boyce Pilcher, 84.—Mrs. Allen, wife of Mr. Franklin aA. At Minster, Lhanet, Mr Edward Brown- ing, 60. At Deal, Mrs. Fitzgerald, relict of Mr, F. surgeon, 70. At Maidstone, Mrs. Pumett, 90.—Mrs. Bridges, 23. 4 : SUSSEX. The Annual late Siew of Catt'eand Sheep, for toe Prizes given by the Sussex Ayricultu-, ral Society, was, as usual, most respectably and numerously attended. The aninialsshewa Were, in the opinion o. the best judges, de- serving the highest commendation, and de- cidedly proved that no other food than grass and hay is required to produce aJl the beauty which che respective animals shewn can ever attain. Mr. Lester, from Londun, exhibited a portable hand-thrashing machine on an en- tirely new principle, without wheels, feeding 4sollers, brasses, ar beaters, consisting of no- thing more than ene, cylinder covered with Convex inverted V’s of Cast iron, revolving With great velocity against similas V's, but Kent—Susserx.. . bresd; f 189 cone a which remain afrest. The cylin- der is ¢urned by one horse, or two men, with one mon and two boy; to attend and supply it w th corny and clear it away when thrasbed. Tt was warranted to thrash, with two meny from four to five bushels per hour, perfectly clean, without injuring either corn or straw 5 with one horse from seven to eight bushels in the same time. ‘This machine has one pecu- liar and certain advantage for thrashing alld kinds of corn, perfectly clean, when worked by hand, which is oy the first importance to the interests of agriculture; that is, by toe ally removing the necessity of the farmer's attendance, for if the corn is presented too thick -to the cylinder, so as not to be thrash- ed ciean, the men cannot turn it, by which means the whole of the corn is disengaged, without the liability of imposition.” As aspe- cimen.of its work, some corn was cut from an adjoining field, after a shower, some of the corn being so soit as to be pressed flat bee twixt the thumb and finger, when it was deeined by the gentlemen and farmers present, not to be in a thrashing state. This was put into the machine, which, to the surprize of the spectators, thrashed it per‘ectly clean, without breaking, or in the least injuring either straw or-corm, The Wool Fair was numeronsly attended. Lord Sheffield stated, that the fine wools that were sold within 2 iew wonths past, readily found 4 market at jast year’s prices ; but there was very little deiand for the coarser wools. T re general opinion is, that the price of fine wool will exceed that of last year; and that the coarse wil! not attain last. year’s prices. This statement was acknowledged to be fair and candid; but notwithstand ng there ap-~ peared to be less difference of opinion between the buyers and sellers than usual, they did not agree. No business was done at the fair, nor Hi he evening. The wool-growers de~ ~manded fiom Ys. tv 6s per tod less than they, demanded at the fair lust year, and from is. to 23 more than they had since received. Lord Sheflleld exhibited specimens of fine wool grown 1p England, by Mr. ‘Tollett, of Swinnerton hall;/iir. Portman, of Bryan stone, fy SCN and Mr. Hall, or Leighs court, some pure Spanish, others of mixed and also made several communica- tions in favour of tie Spanish breed; among others, that a three year old Merino Ryland wether, bred by Mr Vollet, weighed thirty< tliree pounds per quarter, and his ficece five pounds of superik r wool Died. At the Grange, near East Grins stead, t e Rey Johaston | Yowers, 46. At Petworth, W. Joris i80N, Esq. coroner for the western division of the coun. ‘y» At Horsham, Mrs. Aldrich, wife of Capt. Charles A. of the east Middlesex militiayand sister of Lady Errol. ,At ‘Bognor, Matthew Richard Onslow, esq. eldest, son of Admiral Sir Richard O. 97. ’ At Hamsey, Miss Guy, At At West. Grinsted, Mrs. Ward, wife of James W: esq. 25. 3 At Herstmonceux, Mr. Edward Alfree, schoolmaster. At Rottin.dean, Mrs. Beard, wife of Mr. Thomas B. At Portslade. Mrs. Newman. 52. At Lewes, Mrs Chapman, 67. HAMPSHIRE. Married.] At Romsey, Mr, Grist, to Miss Tease. At Portsmouth, Mr. L.. Smith, to Mrs. BMoore.—Mr. John Smither, of the Custom Bouse, to Miss Oughton, of Wickham. Died] At Andover, Mr. Thomass Lang- stalf, druggist, 69. At Bramdean, Mrs. Gomm, wife of the Rev. William G. ‘ector of that place. At Southampton, Mrs. Raicliffe, wire of the Rev. Mr. R. of Salisbury. —Miss Dow ling, eldest daughter o. Capt. D of the South Hants mil tia. At Portsmouth, Mrs. Brown.—Mrs. At- field, 70.—-Mrs. Ellis, 70. WILTSHIRE. Several barrows in the neighbo: rhoed_ of Stonehenge were lately opened, und r the ai- rection of Sir Riehard Hoare, bart. whe found asumber o! cur ous remains of Ce'tic orna ents, such as beads, huck’es, and brooches m amber, wood and yold; one of which, for its elegance and appropriate form, is at once a proof of the nobility of the person or whom the barrow was raised, end the elegance of the arts at the period of the interment about three thousand years irom the present period The shape of this curious article is conical, and the exact form of the barrow itseif, which It was most probably intended to figure. C p- ceive a pece of wood, imbricated in layers, one over the other, to the summit of the cune, and covered wich thin plates of pure gould, and adorned with circles round the middle, and near the bottom, with 4 triangular fes- toon about the lower edge, in which are two holes ‘ora thread or wire to suspend it. Marriéd.) “At Dinton, Mr William Dou- ty, to Miss Mary Croome. At Salisbury, Mr. W. F. Perry, of Ford, to MissS Cusse. At Wilton, Mr. Hooper, of Marlborough, attorney, to Miss Pumphrey. : Died.} At Crodwell, Mary Ann, third daughter of the Rev. Joon Wiggett, 13. At Devizes, Mr. Philip Bull, of the White Lion.—Mr. Jefferies. —Mr. Whitford, a mem- ber of the corporation. At Lacock, Mrs. Brindley, wife of the Rev. Mr. B. At Landford, Mr. James Andrews, 28. At Salisbury, Mr. Richards, attorney, late of Portsmouth. BERKSHIRE. Married.] At Hurley, Henry Warren, esq. to Susanna, eldest daughter of the late Robert Mangles, esy. 190, Hampshire—Wiltshire—Berkshire—Somersetshire. [Sept. 1,, At Fainborough, T J. Harrison, esq of MWearde House, Cornwall, eaptein inthe roy al artillery, to Miss Sareh Wlizuieth Main- waring, youngest daughter of thelateC.H M, esy The Rev. Dr. Charles Batson Coxe, rector of East Shetford, to Miss Butler, niece to Francis Loveiock, esq. of Aving'our. At Caokham, John Kufsell, esq. student of Christ church, Oxford, to Mary Augus- ta, eldest daughter uf the Rev. Evsebius Llovd. Died] AtLambourn, Mr John Sheppard. At Bensom, Mrs. Culhom At Froxfield, Mr. No whery. At Reading, Mrs Wijlats.—Mrs. F. Man- ley.— “ir john Bi ling, 20.—S phia, wife of J..Gs Micklethwaite, esg. of Warbrook House, Hants, and dvrchier o Edward Stracey, esq. of Rack Meath Holi, Nortoik —Mis. Clee men’s, 63. : At Newbury, Miss Tuc kwell: At’ Wokingham, Miss Broome, daughter of the Rev. Thomas B .o. East Rourne, Sussex. -A; Southcote, “ount Hector, late governor of Brest, and licucenunt geweralorthe French mattue, 86. SOMERSETSHIRE. At the late Anniversiry of the Wool Marty estib ised by the Bath an& West of England A;ricultural Society, held at their Exhibi- ticn yard im that city, a large quantity of Anglo Merino wool was depositeu for sile—a moye abiindant supply tian lase year A quan- tity exceeding the «xpectations of the Society, and of the growers, was disposed of, end at pices, for the most part, adequate to the de- mands of the owners. The extreme fineness of some lots was a great temptation to ma- nufacturers, who were the chief purchasers 5 and the mode recommendeiand put in prac- tice by Mr Joyce, of sorting and scom ering the improved wool of the Spanish crosses (with the process of which many woolstaplers are not well acquainzed}, greatly tended to in-~ crease the business of the day. ‘This institu- tion, as yet in its infancy, bids fair to justify” the patriotic intention of the Society in its establishment, by promoting the “growth of, and giving pubiicity to, the Anglo;Merino wool, the excelience of which they have been the first to appreciate, by the frequent premi- ums they lave given to the manufacturers, as well as the growers of improved British wool. Morried.} At Bath, Vice Admiral Sir Thomas Graves, K.B. to Miss Blacknall, of, Parham, Suffolk.—-Mr. D. Hopkins, te Miss M. Elford, only daughter of J. E. esq. of Ply- mouth.--Charles Semple, esq. to Miss Rey nolds, daughter of Edmund R. esq. At Bristol, the Rev. Godfrey Fausset, Fel- low of Magdalen College, Oxford, to Misse Bridges, eldest daughter ef Edward B. pi -! « - °. wt = ‘ HS . Ape Bt « Be 4 3808.) © - of Card: ¥.—The Rev. Frederic Barnes, rec- tor of Colyton,-Devon, to Miss Bunce, eldest daughter of the late Capt. B. of the royal navy. At Clifton, Richard Morgan, esq of Birche Brove.-Glumorgaishire, to Miss Susannah Maria Bush, eldest daughter of John B. esq. af Burcot, Oxfordshire... Died.]- At Bach, Mrs. Boys, widow: of Lieutenant-colone| B. late inspecting officer on the r-cruiting service at Marlborough.» Mrs: Blennerhasset, widow of Arthur B esq. ——W liam Sonnel. esq. of Colchester.—Miss ‘Ann Macdowal, eldest daughter of D. H. M. @sq. of Walkinshaw, North Brituin.—-“iss Louisa Wallace, fourth daughter of the late Hill W. esq. of Belfast, major in the 14th fegitient.—Mrs. Mary Lewis. After a very handsome remembrance of a servant who lived with her fifty years, and some legacies toa few particular friends, she bequeathed to ‘the Bristol Infirmary (independeut of 2001. left by her husband, to becom: payaole at her decease), 10001. 3 per cent. consols5 15001. sittoto the Bristol Dispensary ; 4001. ditto ‘to the minister and churchwardens of St. James’s, the interest to be annually applied ' sin the distribution of shoes to the poor of that parish ; ZOOL aittoto the Asylum for poor “Orphan. girls; 200). ditto to the Sunday School of St. Jimes; 2001. ditto tothe Blind Asylum; andthe residue of her effects, which 3s considerable, to the ministers and church- wardens St. ‘james’sy the interest to be applied totwelve poor widows of that parish “Rot receiving alms. : At Clifton, Henry Metcalf, esq. of Mer- ton House, Northumberland.—-Lady Dunbar, -relict of Sir'George D. of Mochrur, bart.— Mrs. Parvis, relict of David P. esq —Huzh ‘Mair, esq. of Friday-ftreet London,—Miss Maria Newport, daughter of Wakeman N. esq. of Worcester.<-John, the eidest son of » John Hyde, esq. ; At Bristei; Thomas Wilkins Morgan, esq. upwards of fifty yearsin the commission oj the peace for this county, 78 At Taunton, Mrs, Roberts, relict sof ma- jor-general R. M.P. forthat berough. At Chew Magna, Mrs. Phillips, wife of the Rew. Rowland P. 73 -At Sedbury, Mrs. Elizabeth Brooke, relict of Henry B. esq. of Bristol. I. esq. ‘ DEVONSHIRE. A numerous and respectable meeting of the gentlemen of Hjxeter, and. its vicinity, was lately held for the purpose of taking into -» consideration the expediency of establishing. ‘van institution jn that city, to be styledithe West of England infirmary; jor curing dis-, ‘Poe plan: was unani-, ‘ceases of the eye only. “mously approved, and a subscription immedi- + ately entered into in order to carry it into » execution. A short time since, as some gentlemen Devonshite—Cornwall. At Glastonbury, Mrs. ivie, widow of John. ¢ 191 were walking on the Hoe, Plymouth, curi~ osity led them to see « remarkable vein of fine sand, which has been discovered ua the midst of the immeuse body of limestone rock, which composes that eminence; the sand is at least fitty feet above high water mak, and surrounded by, the, stone., One of the company thrusting his cane down to a& certain the depth of the stratum of sand, fouma that it struck against seme hard body, which, on taking up, proved to be one side of the jaw of some non-descript animat : the teeth, of which there is a double row, are each nearly two inches long, and the jaw about eighteen inches, and evidently carnivorous. Qn sear:hing farther, a jvint of the back bone _was discovered of an amazing size, being ia diameter nine inches and a quarter by four and a helt deep.” Phere is no perpendicular, hole for the spine, but three holes pass hori~ zontally through the centre. Several other bones were found near the spot, all of which preclude the idea of its being a marine gemus. ‘The above are in possession of a medical gen» tlemanin Plymouth. Marvied.} At Teignmouth, Lieutenant Square, of the Royal Navy, to Miss Lott. Died.} At Modbury, aged 87, Mr. Wii liam Rosdew, who, for the last fifty years, had been, atotal recluse, denying himself mot only the comforts, but almost the necessaries of, life; by, this. extreme penury he ‘had amuaesed a considerable property, a great part of-which-he most liberally distributed amongst his relatives before hrs death. He was a mam of strict integrity, and, notwithstanding his love of money, scrupulousiy just in all his dealings... This extraordinary turn of a aa turally strong mind, is supposed to have arisen from a disappuintment in his affections, in.an early period of his life, bbe At Plymouth, Mrs. Mudge, relict of Dr, M. and mother of Captain M. of the Phenix. —The Rev. W, May, 36. _ Ac Tiverton, John Weech, esq. 57. At Exeter, Mrs. Collins, wife of Richard C. esq. and, daughter of the late Rev. Joh Marshali, formerly master of the free gram- mar schoo} im that city.—-Mrs.. Davie, wife of John D. esq. ' 3 CORNWALL. The late meeting of che Cornwall Agricul. . tural Society at Helston, was very fully and respectadly attended, and the stock produced much exceeded the general expectation both in number and breed. Fifteen bulls, twenty rams, and™six boars were entered for the pre- miums, which were adjudged as follows :—= Vo Mr. A. Paul, of Gamborne, for the best bull, five pounds.—To Viel Vyvyan, esq. for | the second best bull, two pounds —To Tho- mas Grylls, esq. for tue best ram, five pounds To Mr William Plomes, of St. Martin’s, sor the bestram yeaned in‘Cornwall, two pounds. —To Mr. John Williams, of St. Hilary, for the best ‘boar, two pounds. —From the speci- mens exhjbited, particularly of sheep, it ap- * prears 192 made very rapid advances in the improvement of live stock ; and it is peculiarly gratifying to the lovers of agriculture, to observe, that the farmers have advpted the improved breed with much spirit‘and effect. The following is an accurate statement of the present population of the Scilly islands. MALES. FEMALES. St) Mary’s 546 619 Trescow 197 pian * St. Martin’s 94 112 St. Agnes 101 it Bryer 48% 42 Sampson’s 16 17 1002 1498 Total 2120 Married } At Brecock, Captain William ‘Gossett, of the royal engineers, to Miss Ger- trude Diniell, second daughter of Ralph Al- len D. esq. M.P. for West Loce. ; At Falmouth, Mr. John Michell, son of “Mr. NM: of the Ship tavern, to Miss Ann ‘Lawrance, daughter of Mr. Theodore L. At Redruth, Mr. William Pearce, to Miss Wolfe. Died.] At Falmouth, Mrs. Carne, wife of * John ©. esq. At Fowey. Miss Charlotte Polgrean,—Miss Philippa, Johns,—and Miss Anu James; none of them exceeding twenty years oF ave. Mr. John Trethowan, aged’ 26, son of Mr. James Trethowan, shipwright. At Camelford, Miss Jane Dinham, sister of Messrs. William and Charles D. aldermen of that borough. At Lostwithiel, Mr. John Dovel. At Truro, Mr. John Lance, having com- pleted bis 102d_ year. He had never expe- «rienced a day’s sickness before that which oc- easioned his death. He has left a widow, aged 95. WALES. , Married] At Kidwelly, Mr. William Snead, son of the’ Jate Edward 'S. esq. of Swansea, to Miss Hatton.—Mr. Charles Snead, brother of Mr. W. Snead, to Miss Aon Maund, of Kidwelly. AtLianbadarn-fawr, Mr. D. Griffith, mer- chant, at Aberystwith, to Jane,second daugh- ter of the lare W. Jones, esq coliector of the customs at Llanelly, Carmarthenshire. At Llantislan, Denbighshire, the Rev. R. B. Clough, jun. to Miss Amelia Maria Price, third daughter of the late R. W. Price, esq. of Rhiwlas, Merionethshire. Died.] Near St. Asaph, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health, Robert Barker, M.D. aged 31 years, une of the phy- sicians-of the Chester infirmary. He pus- sessed an excellent understanding, great ur- banity of manners, and every qualification requisite for the arduous and important duties ©! his profession. At Ely, near Cardiff, John Key, esq. At Brecon, ‘Thomas Williams, esq. at torney. é Wales. pears thatthe neighbourhood of Helston his ' Madoc. one street of a mile, in length, and several ry 7 {Sept. 1, At the vicarage-House, St. Ishmael, Cars marthenshire, Mrs. Williams, wife of the Rev. Mr. W. In consequence ofa fall from his horse,the Rey. Mr. Lioyd, of the Hay, Breconshire. At Robert’s Rest, Carmaithenshire, in his 40th year, the Rev Owen Tudo: 'Brizstocke, senior Fellow of Jesus colleze, Oxjord, and rector of Kilymaentiwyd, in the satd county. —R Wellington, esq..of the Hay Castle, Breconshire. : In his 49th year, by @ fall from his horse, William Morris, esq of Bleennant, Brecon- shire, highly respected in lite; and deservedly lamented in ceath | Mr. Morris was actively engaged in working several extensive mines in South: Wales; he was a son of the late Lewis Mortis, esq.oi Penbryn, Cardiganshire, surveyor of Crown lanes, In North Wales, a division.of Great Bri- tain which has been long in @ dormant state, a vigorous spirit of improvement has lately begun co mani-est itself in different counties, especially in Carnarvonshire. Among. the chief promoters of it may be reckoned W. A. Madosks, esq M:P. Aconcise statementof what has been done hy this gentleman, iu the short period of six years, will shew how greatly proprietors in this part of the king- dom might improve their rents, yet better the condition of the lower classes of the com- munity. The public improvements now exe- cuting in North Wales, from this gentleman’s plans, are the following :--1. A new harbour at Porthdynlleyn; whence a safe and con- stun? possage may be effected to Dwblig, as there is, at all times, abundanee of water for passuge boats. This great undertaking, of which Mr. Jones Parry is also an eminent promoter and holder of shares, will soon be completed, 9%. Avnew road from this harbour to join the English roads, hy which thirty miles will be saved: to travellers from Lon- don to Dublin, independently of much time, and avoiding the delay and‘danger of crossing tke Conway and Bangor ferries. 5. Anim- proved line of perfectly level road fromethe harbour of Portidynlleyn through the new town of Tre-Madoc to Worcester and Lon- don by which forty miles will be saved be- tween Dublin and Bath, Cheltenham, and the Western towns, This road leadsthrough very beautiful and romantic scenery. 4. An excellent. road: from. Pont Aberglasslyn to Tre-Madoc. This was marked out om the ground by Mr. Ms own hand, assisted by Dr. Morris, of Morva Lodge, on the sides of mountains so steep, that a man could scaveely dare to walk upright. It is now finished, The improvements going, forward at Ire- Madoc, are—A harbour on the south-east boundary of the estate, viz. Ynys-Congor. ¥. A canal from this harbour tothe town »of Tre-Madoc—finished. 3. the town oi ‘Ure- This, when finished, will contain cross streets, of a quarter of a mileeach, be- : sides ee ee a 1808.] bides three squares. There are already built a miarket-place, and elega’ t market-heuse; a large church, two excellent inns, and up- wards of a handred houses. A weekly mar- ket 1s. estaclished, with an arinual fair, and races; The houses are all built of grey gra- nite, and covered with blue slate. The ground it stands on, with some hundreds of acres adjoining, was gained from the sea by embanking in 1800. 4 Embanking eight years 2go 1860 acres of land from the sea; the greater part of which lets from thirty to forty shillings per acre. 5: Another embank- nyent ig begun, of shore-lan¢s, contiguous, that will gain 3,500 acres of equal-value, which, when finished, will be the noblest thing of the kind hitherto undertaken in Britain. An iron rail-way will be placed on the top of the embankment, which will con- nect the counties of Merioneth and Carnat- von, before separated by this oozy iblet of the seai. 6° Irrigating and loading a large propor- tion of the land gained from the sea. 7. Plant- ing several hundreds of acres of rocky spots and “mountainous steeps ; a work annually proceed- ing. So repid-has been the growth of these plan- tations, that the parts first planted-are al- ready worth from 601: to 100! an acre. A large nursery is established near the town, and considerable tracts of mountain are every year inclosed, and covered with larco. The Scarcity ‘of wood in this part of Wales, and the importance of Yns-Congor harbour, will render such plantations of great value ina very-few years. 9. Establishing a complete Woollen manusactory on the estate, and in the town an improved tan-work, in which the tormentil is used. 10. To these may be added, the building of an elegant villa, ina style, the simplicity of which corresponds with the nature of the scenery around it, The disposition also of the extensive grounds, the views from and round which, for several miles, are among the most singular and ro- mantic in Wales. These public improve- ™Ments are widely felt by the adjoining coun- ties, and when the harbour and new reads are finished (for which Mr. M. has obtained se- parate acts of Parliament), the influx of wealth into chis part of North Wales will to- tally alter and improve the condition of its inhabitants. IRELAND. Married-} | In Dublin, Major L’Estrange, of the King’s County militia, to Miss Jane Jackson, second daughter of the late Colonel _ J. of Prospect-house, county of Mayo. At Glanmire, county of Cork, James Ca+ Sey, esq. of Blossom-prove, to Miss Chatter- ton, daughter of the Jate Thomas C. esq. At Toome chutch, in the county of Li- merick, Vere Dawson Hunt, esq of Cappagh, ° county of Tipperary, to Miss Holmes, daugh- ter of the late Philip Holmes, esq. of Mill- brook, in the said county. ; Monwury Mac., No. 175, Irelands “193 Died?] At Clonakilty, county of Cork, Townsend Beamish, esq. At Dingle, county of Kerry, Lieut. T. Eagar, of the royal navy. The public and private life of this young gentlemun created universal tespect, love, and esteem. His bravery was evinced on the most perilous ser= vices; he fought, and he bled for his coun- try, and he participated in his country’s tri- umphs. He served four years on board the flag ship of the immortal Hero of the Nile. At Roscrea,Christopher Downer, esq M.D, - At Crotto, county vf Kerry, Miss Pone sonby, eldest daughterof Major Ponsonby. In Dublin, Mr. James Vallance, books seller, 74. ’ At Glencullen, near Killernan, in the county of Dublin, aged 109 years, 3 months, and 17 days, Valentine Walsh, farmer. This venerable patriarch was a keen sportsmany and a joyiai companion, much attached to his native whiskey, of which he drank regularly two quarts every day in grog, util a weele before his death. At Kilkenny, Lieutenant-general Eyre Power ‘Trench, brother tu the late Earl of Clancarty, 60. He entered early in life inte the army, of which he was upwards of forty years an ornament. He served in America - during the whole of the unfortunate war with” that country; and raised, at his own expences the 102d regiment of foot. He was appoint= ed, in the first instance, to the command of the second battalion of the 27th regiment 3 soon after of the 5th garrison battalion 3 and he died in the command df the West India regime ment. Whe rank of brigadier-general was conferred upon him in ‘the year 1795; im 17.98, he was appointed a major-general, and in- 1805, a lieutenant-general. General Trench’ commanded in Connaught, his na- tive province, in the years 1798 and 1799, where his vigilance and~humanity were obe jects of admiration and gratitude, At Ballyhack, in the county of Wexford, William Lambert, esq. At Ballygurteen, in the county of ‘Kile kenny, at the extraordinary age of 110 years: during the lapse of which he never experia enced one hour’s sickness, Dennis Carroll, farmer; he vecained- the full possession of his facultizs to his last Moments. At Feltrim, Lady Tyrawley. Her death was occasioned by a scarlet fever, caught from ~ a child brought into the house, belonging to one of the servants. Her ladyship was daugh- ter and heiress of the late Mr. Levinge, and niece to the Jate Dr. Marlay, the admired Bishop of Waterford. The estates devolve te a son of Lord Granard. ; At the seat of his nephew, General Cock- burne, near Bray, Andrew Caldwell, esq. & | gentleman of extensive learning, of refined taste, of great elegance and suavity of mans ners, and of a feeling heart. He was born in Dublin, but received his education in Glas- Cc £0Ws 194 Deaths Abroad, . [Sept. 1, gow, whence he was removed to the Temple. great masters, to the forming of which he He was afterwards called to the bar, but in- had devoted above thirty years of his lite. It * heriting a considerable property, he relin- is hoped that this collect‘on may not be dis- quished the profession of the law for more persed, but:adied, in the state in which Mr. elegant pursuits. Soon after the death of his Caldwell received it from his friend, to the father, he obtained a seat in the Irish House ~ treasures of the British Museum, or some of Commons, which be continued to enjoy other public institution, where young artists ” for several sessions. Of his conduct in par- may have an opportunity of inspecting it. liament, it is only known to the writer of this ©. DEATHS ABROAD. article, that he uniformly voted with the op- Lieutenant Thomas Byerly, of the Bombay position, and rarely spoke.~ Soon after the native regiment, in his 24th year, at Baroach Royal Irish Academy was instituted, he was in Guzurat, of a fever which he contracted associated with that learned body; and he at Gogo, an outpost where he commanded, was many years an active member of the during the rains, and from which he was car- Dublin Society, particularly in the depart- — ried to Baroach as soon as his i Iness appeared ment of the fine arts. Passionately fond of tobe serious. His friends have had the cone music, anda practical amateur, he warmly solation to hear. that the medical assistance patronized the Italian comedians who got up was very respectable ; and that he has left, im- (1764) burlettas in Dublin. But painting © pressed on the minds of alé who knew himy was the art to which he was most devoted, the character of an upright and intelligent - and witha view to the indulgence of that young man. By all of them he wasesteeimedy passion, he visited the collections in the Ne- and is regretted. therlands and at Dusseldorf. His travels, Lost, in the Agatha of Lubec, off Memel, however, did not extend to Italy, and hismo- atthe same time with Lord Royston, Colonel tive for denying himself that indulgence does Pellen.the only sonof the Rev. George Pollen, © him great honour,—it was merely from the of Little Bookham, in Surry. He was in the fear of exciting the anxiety of a tender mo- 33d year of his age; and, possessing a fine ther by s0 long an absence as the perform- and vigorous understanding, highly improved © ~ance of such a journey would require. On by education, and by his very extensive tra- her death, he would gladly have gratified his | vels, there is no doubt, if he had returned anxious desire to visit Italy ; but the French to his native country (as he was attempting revolution, and its dreadful consequences, ren= todo when this dreadful accident put a pe- dering the Continent a scene of danger to riod to all his hopes), but he would have travellers, he was- induced to relinquish his proved a distinguished ornament of it. His idea of visiting the collections of France and . fortune would .bave been large, and his abi- of Rome. Of the effusions of his pen, no- lities and his experience ‘would have , amply thing is known, with certainty, to have been qualified him fora seat in parliament.» In* printed* but udm decount of the extraordinary 1796, he opposed the interest of the Dake of Escape of ATHENIAN STEWART, from bee Norfolk, forthe representation of the popu- ing put to death by some Turks, in whose Compa- lous borough of Leominster, which he carried ny be happened to be travelling. Of this pa~ bya majority of one. He afterwards raised a per, only a few copies were struck off for regiment of fencibles at his own expence, the use of his friends. Itis thought, how- for the service of Gavernment, and attended ever, that he contributed occasionally some with it on its being ordered to Halifax, in articles on subjects of taste to the Gentleman’s Nova Scotia; but for several years he has Magazine. But it is certainly known that been constantly travelling on the Continent. the city of Dublin has obligations to hisitaste. At St. Petersburgh, he married one of the as a commissioner of wide streets. Mr. Cald- daughters of Sir Charles Gascoigne, (sister to well possessed a collection of select and va- the Countess of Haddington, now married to © luable drawings and paintings. And the late »Mr. Dalrymple) who was with him when the Alexander Mangin, esq. bequeathed tohiman | wreck tock place, but who was saved. inestimable collection of prints, by all the In the Tagus, Captain. Conway Shipley, : commander of the Nymph frigate. .Thecire , * The interesting anecdote of Howard, in- cumstances attending bis death were as fol- serted in p. 224 of Dr. Aikin’s excellent Life low: four boats from the Nymph frigate and of that great philanthropist, was communi- Blossom sloop of war, armed, procéeded up eated by Mr. Caldwell, who had frequent op- the Tagus, under cover of the night, in or-° portunities of conversing with Howardduring der to attack a large Portuguese brig, mownt- the time of his examination before the Irish ing twenty guns, manned with a French crew, House of Commons. I shall here take occa- which lay moored above. Belem castle, and sini Co correct a slight mistake in that valu-. immediately off the city of Lisbon. The avle work (sce p. 209.) The portrait of - boats got very near her before they were dis- Howard which is prefixed, was engraved by covered, when a tremendous fire was immes Manning {a young artist of great promise, diately opened upon them from the ship, and whe died soon atter), fromasketch made by alsofrom several thousand troops which lined htmpelf in St. Mary’s church, Dublin, the shore. Captain Shipley headed the ex- ; pedition,. Lucho ‘ r 1803.) .- pedition, and got first alongside of the enemy, and was the first who attempted to board, ~which he had nearly effected when he was unfortunately shot by a musket ball, and im- mediately fell overboard, and was seen no more!” This calamitous, circumstance so damped the sp rits of the boats’ crews, and finding themselyes opposed by such an im- mense force, the enterprize was forthwith abandoned, and the buats returned down the harbour with the loss of their brave comman- der, one seaman killed, anda midshipman and three seamen wounded. Captain Shipley Was the srcond surviving son of the Rey. W. D. Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph. He entered Into the naval profession at a very tender ave, in the year 1793, under the protection of the on. Thomas Pakenham, in the Invincible of 74 guns, and displayed, in that ship, during the memorable action of the 1st of June, A794, traits of coursge rarely to be met with. He served the remainder of his time as mid- shipman, with Sir Robert Barlow, in the Phebe frigate, and was made a lieutenant in 1806. He was mae a post-captain in 1804, by Sir Samuel Huod, at Surinam, although his commission was dated previously in Eag~- Jand™as a reward tor his ga.lantry in the cap- ture of L* Bzyptienne French frigate piivateer- of 56 gens. Captain Shipley then command- ed the Hippomene of 18 guns; the privaceer had been previously envazed by the Osprey, sloop, commanded by the late Coptun G. Younghusband, and in consequence made but @ saint resistance: that however did not lessen the merit of Caprain Shisley, who, th a corvette with only 93 men @ board, 39 Monthly Commercial Report. 195 ofwhom were foreigners, attacked a vessel with a complement of neatly 300 men; but lis letter upon the subject to Sir S. Hood will ever be preserved as a memento of mo dest merit. Without attaching the least cre- ditto himself, he delineated the bravery of Captain Younghusband and his crew in such colours as must have drawn admiration from every peruser. Upon Sir S. Hood being ap- pointes commodore of a squadron in the wins ter of 1806, he applied for Captain Shipley, then commanding the Comus of 20 guns, A .stronger proof of the esteem in which that gallanc officer held the deceased could not be adduced, the Comus being far from a desirable * ship forsuch an expedition. Captain Conway Shipley was in his “6th year, a’ native of Flintshire, North Wales, tal] and handsome it his person, firm and steady in his attach- ments, an invaluable friend, and most engag- ing in his manners. Perhaps there never existed an inaividual who more fully possessed the power of inspiring all he commanded with sentiments similar to his own, At Charleston, South Carolina, in the 95th year of his age, Mr. George Wood- ham, late of Covent-garden theatre. This young man’s powerful. retentive faculty and brilliant musical abilities enabled him to take Mr, Braham’s part in ‘¢ the Cabinet,” on that gentleman’s secession, at three hgurs notice, in which he displayed great science, and re ceived general approbation. His death was occasioned by an encore, where his exertions burst a biood vessel ; aiter which he survived but a few days, ene nce em en cee ence ee . MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT, _ t WeE have the satisfaction to announce the safe arrival of four large fleets, viz.—The East India, Jamaica, {ce vard Island, and Oporto.’ The Ind amen are the Marquis Welles- ley, Earl Howe, Lady Castlereagh, Surry, Lora Hawkescury, Aily Castley Castle Eden, Lord Duncan, City of London, fiom Bengal and Madras ;' the Devonshire, Metcalfe, and Charl- ton, from Bombay ; and the Windham, from Bencoolen, with a few vessels from the South Seas. They sailed from Point de Galle the 14th of March, and from St. Helena the 19th of _ We shall in our next give the particulais of their respective cargoes, the vessels nut aving as yet invoiced at the Custom-house The Honourable East Iniia Company have declared for Sale on Wednesday, the 24th of August, 1808, prompt the 25th of Nevember following :— Prize per Alexander—3 ‘Vubs Camphiie—417 Bundles Rattans—13 Chests Souchong Tea _ —~5, Boxes ditto—i63 Bays Cottee +114 Casks, 463 Baskets, and 11 Bays, Sugar—21 Chests Mace—and 2 B4les Cinnamon, ; : Prize per Thames—1609 Bags, and 7 Casks Coffee. _ The Jamaica fleet consists of nearly 200 ships, that from the Leward Islands nearly equal, in number; and the Oporto feet about 50 sail of vessels. This latter fleet brings a good © Supply of Port wine into the market; and several vesseis have within a few days sailed for Oporto, for the purpose of bringing home large quantities of this article. In spite of all Buonap rte’s pians; our trade with different parts ‘of Portugal and Spain goes on with- Out interruption, as several vessels have sailed for Cadiz, Sevilie, Malaga, &c. for the pur- pose o aisposing of British manufactured goods, aud bringing home sherry, indigoes, cottons, + &e. in return Our commerce with South “merica has already caused a considerable rise in the cotton markets of London, Liverpo. 1, and Manchester, of fall 2d, per Ib. owing to the ge orders for manufactured cotton goods fro.u the Brazils, Birmiggham, Sheffield, and, in ” tact, 196 Monthly Commercial Report. [Sept. 1, fact, every town in the kingdom where any manufacture is carried on, ate busily employed, being all full of orders of every descriptio | of goois. Even the potteries of Staffordshire, as well as Stourbridge, for glass ware, have gor thetr share : The very extensive imports lately made of tallow from Brazil, has caused a reduction t@ take place in the prices of soap and candles; and it is tobe hoped that a further reduction will soon take place,as large quantities of tallow are expected in the next fleet irom SouthAmerica, as likewise barilla, from Spain, the Meditérranean, Sicily, &¢. é&c. : i Several Greenland ships have arrived at Hull, Whitby, &c. with complete cargoes, which circumstance, no doubt, will revuce the present high price of whale-oil. Upwards of 4500 bags of Italian rags were brought home by the last Mediterranean fle-t, in consequence of which London rags have lowered in price nearly 4s. and canvas has fallen to 433. the commissioners of his Majesty's yards having latterly sold the canvas, without siving the good pieces for other purposes, as they formerly used to do.” Wools are very low, from the large quantity on hand ; but weare happy to say that a considerable degree of activity now prevails in the Yorkshire manufacturers. In Londonthe merchants are at present making large pur- chases of baizes, sergés, flannels, Yorkshire cloths, &c. for Spain, Portugal, and South Ame- yica. '~ Few circumstances could more strongly marle the depressed state of the woollen trade than the fact of no’wools having been sold at Lewes, Thetiord, and two or three others of the principal fairs for this article, lately held. The holders of the articie at these places have Hot, it is true, adopted (he most likely means for disposing of the same, especially in a falling market, by generally concertirg a price, before consulting with the buyers. At Hounslow fair, where a more liberal policy is pursued, a!! the fleece in the fair, amounting to 700 tods, were sold at about 2s. less than Jast year’s prices ; of the finer sorts, viz. South-downs from 51s. to 47s. per tod of 28 Ibs. Wiltshire from 44s to 44s. and Dorset 4%s. to S8s. per tod. At the present conjuncture, when a great portion of the Merino sheep are likely to become food for the armies contending for the possession of the northern provinces of Spain, where the flocks are at this time depasturing, it seems of the utmost consequence to adopt every means for facilitating the increase of this invaluable breed of sheep in England. An annual fair for the sale of Merino and Merino-crosscd wools only, has, by the active zeal of Lord Somerville, been established in Mr. Sadler’s Repository Yard, in Goswell-street, which promises to be of the utmost service to those entering on the cultivation of Merino wool, by enabling them tq Send up any quantity, great or small, for djsposal by auction, at a sale which the London wool buyers can attend with as little inconvenience to themselves, as to bid fur cargoes of Spanish wool at Garraway’s: and accordingly their attendance wes very full at the first of. these, on the 28th of July, when a large quantity of wools, crossed in every degree by Spa- nish rams, were readily sold, wnscowered, at 2s. to 4s. 1d. per pound, according to their res Spective fineness, 3 COURSE OF EXCHANGE, Aug. 12. Aug. 16 | Aug. 19 Prices ef Hops. Hamburgh../35 2 ..++135 2..495 2 -- Altera. tcf B pi Biivcaie se ABs edo Bene Bags.—Kent, 31, to 41. per cwt. Amsterdam 56 3 ....)86 3 ..)36 3..)—— Sussex, ¥l.-16s. to 31. 15s. per cwt. Paris ... 000 [24 cele eweo {Zh bah cf Pe ee Essex, 2I. 16s. to Sl. 15s. per cwte Leghorn..../493 ....../49% .... [493 .... Pockets. —Kent, Sl. 3s. to 41. 6s. per cwt, Naples ....]42 ....-.|4% 2... ]42. 2... | ———Sussex, 31. to 3115s. per owt. Genoa sere l45d eeee ee HOE 0... [452 toda Farnham, 51. to 71. per cwt. Lisbon ...6J00' sccve+|60 2... |60*.... MOH Orta sass AO, yivrnrosaie ai lis Hie BOF desist ane average price of Raw Sugar, ending Dublin ..../02 ...,... {102 ....]102 ..,. [10th of August, 1808, is 37s. 1ifd. per cwt, Gork: was 114) eSeeds nt eoee {412 ,...Jexclusive of duties. The following are the average Prices of Navigable Canal Shares, Dock Stock, and Fire Office Shares, in August, 1808, at the Office of Mr. Scott, No. 28, New Bridge-street, Black- friars, London :—Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, 6551. per share, dividing 421. per © annum, nett—Leeds and Liverpool, 1781. dividing 81. per annum, nett—Grand Junction, 1271. ‘0 1521.; the tast half-yearly dividend was 9l.—Leicestershire and Northamptonsbii€ Union Canal, 35|. for O61. paid—-Huddersfield, 181. per share—Kennet and Avon, 241.—— Ellesmere, 54]:—West-India Dock Stock, 1561. per cent. dividing 101 per cent ‘nett— East India Dock Stock, 140i. per cent. dividing 5). per cent. nett—London Dock, 116]. per cent: dividing S21. per cent clear-~East-London Water-Works, 501. to 521. 108. per share pre= Miume~W est® Middlesex ditto, 181. to 241. per share premium—Globe Insurance, 1161. per Cent Albion ditto, at parto 21. per cent premium, NED : i MONTHLY ar a 1808.] D thus TOZ thee MONTHLY BOTANICAL REPORT. : ALTHOUGH the plante lurida are far from being the favourites of cultivators, yet some of them, independently of the gratification which a more close inspectivn of their _ flowers affords, please the eye by their peculiar habit, and the touch by the velvety softness of their foliage; Solanum igneum, horridum, &¢ may pss for exceptions. A very fine _ plant of this tribe, the pendulo»s Aowered Henbane, Hyoscyamus Seopolia, of which we have hitherto wanted a good figure, is given in the last Number of the BorTanitcat MaGa- @INE. Matthioli, its first diécoverer, took it for a species of what is now called Atropa ; Scopolf, although he found a difference in the fruic from that ofthe Deadly Nightshad:, still associate it with ic; Jacquin afterwards considered it as sui generis, under the name of Scopola ; and lastly, Linnzeus referred it to the genus Hyoscyamus, where, we trust, it will be suffered to remain for some time, notwithstanding the plausiole a’guments here adduced fo shew its nearer affinity with Atropa. As the c lyx of this species cannot properly be Gailed inflated, we could have wighed to see the Linnean specific character somewhat altered and, indeed, though we have been lately reprebating the rashness with which we See some modern writers attack, without exception the often much more significant specific “ain of preceding botanists, we are not inclined to commend Dr Sims for his excess of de- sicacy in this respect. Fumaria Cucullavia. There are some other North American species that have the same peculiarity in their flowerss* (which by the way hav® more the appearance of bracce than of suculle), and may, perhaps, constitute a distinct g-nus. The difference, indesd, is here Stated to be trifling, since, to produce the same kind of flower, as in the other Fumaria, nothing is required but the curtajling of the horns, and uniting the six filaments into two, Bet who has a right to do this? A double plate ‘s assigned to Dr. Smith’s Embothrium spe~ Fficsissimum, the well known Waratah of the natives of New South Wales. Both this and the fizure of the same plant given in the Paradisus Londinensis, for this month, are from Mr. Oodford's collection, where alone it has-as yet flowered in Europe. Dr. Sims has poinred _ 9Uty contrary to Dr. Smith, that the flower is not four-petaled, but divided only a very small distance from the extremity, except where the style by its pressure cleaves it nearly dowa to the base. j Allium izedorum, is well figured, and completely described by Mr. G. who thinks it to be the same with Michaux’s mutabile. This species recommends itselt by being scentless, that is, with regard to the peculiar smell of Garlick ; for irs flowers are odorous. The Iris suite in the Magazine is really beautiful, and does particular credit to Mr. Ed- wards, . We have in this number the Portuguese purple flag Iris sw5-biflora of Brotero, and distinct from all the rest, particularly from I. biflora of Linnzeus: the lower approaches 4 . Nearest to that of germanica. Asthe name sub-biflora is meant to express the circumstance of the same root sometimes throwing up Aowering stems, at different seasons, Mr. G. we think, would have been fully authorized to change such an ambiguous and misleading specific name. Tris spuria var. 3. is Pallas’s balophila, which together with Mr. G's former Iris balophila and ocbroleweg, the author is now induced to consider as varieties only of spuria 5 a recantation very proper and laudable. » The last plant is Aphylanthes monspelicnsis, of which it may be curious to observe that For- skeel, ag appears from his own specimenin the Banksian Herbarium, mistook it for Dianthus prolifer. ‘ : Mr. Andrews has figured, in the last Number of his Repository, the Cochineal Torch. Thistle, Cactus coccinellifer, but the specimen. from which the drawing was made, appears to have been rather imperfect. We do not recollect to have seen the plant with so small flowerse - The account here given of the culture of Cochineal, is certainly not taken from the inte- resting and amusing work of Thierry de Menonville. A very characteristic figure is that of Juniperus Dauurica (not Davrica) of Pallas, a rare Species, which, though described by Gmelin, and fiyured in the Flora Rossica, and from thence taken up by Georgi, is, for reasons unknown to us, left unnoticed by Willdenow. This fine hardy evergreen is a very acceptable addition to our collections: the figure was taken at White Knights. é Tropwolum pinnatum ; the leaves of this plant are subpeltate, with five obtuse lobes, the petals, according to the specific difference here added, are toothed at the top, though in the figure they are mostly represented as gashed down to the unguis; the flowers are said to be Pinnate, from which circumstance the specific name appears to be derived; tut we conjes Our ignorance as to the meaning of flores pinnati. This very handsome little Nasrur pas which is found in the collection of the Comtesse de Vandes, where nothing of sts native piace and history could be learnt, undoubtedly belungs to the Nasturtium hyarijum, of which Line Reus says habitat nullibi- Origanum Tournefor sit. fially the variety wth less tomentose leaves, is often confounded with Lo Pym; and, indeed, the originally four-cernered spikes which this lacter s We find that in gardens and Herbaria the O. Dictamnus, espe- urneforts © iga- pecies often adopt (as */ 198 Naturalists Monthly Report. [Sept! 4 ‘i 7 (as is the case in the specimen here figured) is so lax an appearance as hardly to be distin- guishable from those of the former Mr. Andrews’ Latin translation of ‘* Native of Greece,” is ‘¢ Habitatin Magna Gracia; and instead of describing the plant, he enters intoa very complete description of the Convent of the Virgin of Amorgos, which, from some strange mistranslation, as we suppose, he compares to a ‘* Chest of Drawers !” - Proeta Abrotanifolia, minor. A handsome variety with trifurcated pointed leaves and small terminal head of flowers. The last Number of the Paraprsvs Lonpinenst1s, a double one, having that of the preceding month united with it, contains Primula sedifolia, the P. or Aretia V italiana of other botanists, of which a very pleasing figure is given. If Decandolle had aright to tdke up this plant amang his plantes grasses, Mr. Salisbury may be thought equally right in calling it sedi- folia: but both these gentlemen seem to have been led astray by Father Gregory’s stupidity, who sent the plant in question toColumella, as a new species of Sedum, to which not any one part of it hasthe smallest resemblance. Erodendrum turbiniflorum, A singular nearly stemless Protea from Mr. Hibbert’s collec. tion. The bearded awns of the corollas, we are told, are ‘* frizzled intonas impenetrable a fence, as the wigs ef our bishops, and these (the floral wigs, we suppose) must effectually put a stop to any such adulterous intercourse as the late Peter Collinson reported to have taken place between the flowers of two apple-trees, jn a letter read, by Dr. I. E. Smith, ta the Linnean Society. Had such a cemparison been introduced, either to illustrate the in- florescence of this’ plant, or even merely with a view of giving to foreign botanists an op- portunity, through the medium of Mr. Hooker's figure, of becoming acquainted with a non- descript species of wigs, indigenous only to this country, we should not have blamed Mr. Sa- lisbury even if he had incorporated it in the specific character of his plant; but we were sorry to find it only preparatory to another attack upon the President of the Linnean Society, who is informed, that after having publicly blamed Mr. S. for indecorous allusions, it would have been more consistent in him to suppress a passage of that nature! What a wretched apology for quarreling, and how unskilfully introduced ! Although to a certain class of readers, we doubt not but that it is amusing enough to find the dull sameness of botanical description now and then enlivened by these polemical episodts, we own that it excites in us a melancholy reflections when two. fellow labourers in the field of a science, generally supposed rather to harmonize than exaspcrate the mindy are seen to fill with squibs and abuse, the pages destined to convey to posterity the-vast dise coveries they daily make, and thus to render the memory of their unhappy strife, as eternal. as the works they compose ! The next figure, and one of the best we have seen, is Lachnzea buxifolia, which is here called L. glauca, The dicgression which Mr. Salisbury makes in the text to this plate, is far more to the purpose than that of the preceding ; it is on the diversity of opinion among bota- nists, whether the flower in the natural order of the Thymelew, should be styled calyx or corolla; his reasons are decidedly in favour of corolla. Orchis bracteata, changed here into bractealis, The dissections, if we mistake not, are drawn by the describer himself, and well executed. ) The iast plate, a double one, represents Embothrium speciosissimum of Dr. Smith, which, not being considered by Mr. S us of superlative beauty, is by him called speciosum. His ob- servation on the division of the corolla, is the same as that of Dr. Sims, and he also remarks, that what was called the back of the flower, is really the front; but this issurely dispating about words merely. We think the Figure given of the Waratah, in the Botanical Maga- zine, is both more correct and better coloured than this. In some native specimens that we - bave seen, the bractes are both largerand more numerous. ‘ rere NATURALIST’s MONTHLY REPORT. JULY. Fruiting month. - Beyries and pulpous fruits of various kinds, The promise of the blooming spring, now yield Their rich and wholesome juices. > re Ee shea? cultry weather withawhich the last month concluded, continued at intervals til the middie of the present. On the first, the thermometers in the shade stood as high as 70°: on the thirteenth it was the samej and on the fourteenth it was as highas 79°. ‘This was ceitainly by far the hottest day we have had this year. On the 14th and 15th, we had thunder; and in the nights, lightning from the south and south west was remarkably Seid. On the 224, in the morning, there were some gentle showers; and from the 26th to the con= the montii sufficient rain fell to render the country once more green and pleasant. Ie clusion of — ? i. —" Oe ae er, ee - —_—* 1808.] Monthly Agricultural Report. 199 It isthe remark of a Swedish naturalist, that after the summer solstice, no species of trees _ are Known to grow much and therefore that hedzesshould then be clipped. July 4. Thecorn-cockle (agrostemma githago), red eyebright (Bartsia odontites of Dr. Smith), bhue-bottle (Centaurea cyarus), voind-leaved: snap-dragon (Aatirrhinum spurium), calve’s-snout Snap-dragon (ntirrbinum orontium), common toad-flax (Antirrbinum linaria), yellow stone-crop (Sedum reflexum), tufted vetch (Vicia craxa), and hare’s foot trefoil (Trifolium arvense), are all in flower. r L ; July 9. A few mackrel were caught this evening, but by no means sufficient to affoid any recompence for the hitherto, general want of success which the fishermen have had. = July 12. Omattentively observing a hillock formed by horse-ants, I remarked’ that seve- sat of the winged individuals had begun to come abroad. The harsh cry of the land rail or corn-crake, asjit is called in some counties (Rallis crex), has excited no inconsiderable alarm amongst the common-people near Emswortb, in the south-east corner of Hampshire. ‘This bird, which is very uncommon throughout the sea- coast districts of the county, was heard inthe fields one evening, in the early part of the pre- sent month. As it runs rapidly along amongst the grass and corn, and emits its cry, after short intervals, in different and sometimes distant parts, the persons who heard it, believed it to proceed from some.supernatural being, and absurdly represenied it as such amongst their neighbours. . ay 19. The day was cloudy, and I was somewhat surprized, on searching the boggy ground of an extensive common for insects and plants, to remark that the flowers of the round and the long-leaved sundew, ( Dissera rotundifolia and longifolia) were fully expanded. Inever _ ebserved them in this state before. i July 24. Sand-launces on wreckle, (Aimmodytes tobianut-of Linneus) are now upon the shores, and, at low water of the spring-tides, are dug out of the sand in great numbers. ‘The following hardy garden plants and. shrubs are in flower:—Yellow jasmine - CFfasminum frucicans), greater honey-wort (Cerinthe major), white phlox (Phlox suavzolens), ‘Spotted staikphlox (Phlox maculsta), common marvel. of Peru ( Mirabilis jalapa), tobacco ( Ni- sotiana tabccum), tutsan (Hypericum androsemum), and garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ‘coronarium). : , te July 25. The caterpillars of the puss moth (Phalena vinula), began to spin their cases previously totheir change into chrysalids. - Some chrysalids of that interesting but destructive insect, the lacquey-moth (Phalena néus tria) , this day changed to their perfect state in'abox inmy room. ‘These moths Jay their eggs. im the autumn, with great regularity, in rings round the tender shoots of apple trees. The | caterpillars are produced from the eggs when the ensuing leaves are putting forth, and, in | some orchards, they become a great nuisance, by devouring the foliage, and otcasionally al- f m ost covering the trees with their webs. * _ fariata}, Ube caterpillar of which commits so much havoc amongst the leaves of the gooseberry and currant trees, were flying about the hedges and lanes. They are much more numerous this year than I have remarked them for several seasons pust, Some of them are on wing not only ail day, but during the greatest part of the night. pence adozen ~ - MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. « \ jX the southern parts of the island the harvest work has been chiefly finished, and the grain vs ““ mostly well secured ; and in the more northern districts this sort of field labour is in an un- ‘usdal state of forwardhess 5 a fortnight willy probably, if the seasov continues fine, put a pe= riod co their work. In both parts.of the kingdom the crops are very fine, and in general full; buttin the former, the wheats have been more injured by the smut and mildew, than in the idatter. There can, however, be no doubt of there being gencraily a very good harvest. _ ‘The turnip-crops,-especially those put in ata late period, have come on better than could have been supposed 5 and if the weather shouid be droppy, they will probably be good crops. ‘Those which'were early sown, are, in general, excellent. & great extent of land has been well prepared fer wheat in both the above parts of the kingdom, and will be sown as soon as seed can be provided. ‘ _ The potatoes in ail the more northern parts of the country have the mostpromising ap- pearance. - é ~The prices of grain continue rather stationary.—Wheat fetches from 60s. to. 84s. per ih quarter —Barley, from 40s, to 463 ;—and (ats, from 363, to 40s, The live stock, both of the fat and lean kind, are somewhat on the decline.—In SmithGeld ‘ . ' “re market, ~ wl = * owards the end of the month, great numbers of the large magpie-moth (Psalena glostue : July 30. So many mackrel were caught last night, that to day they are szlting for six. - Hampibire. . f a 200 ; Meteorological Report. market, Beef fetches from 45. 6d. to 5s. 64. per stoue;—-Mutton, 4s. 6d. to 5s. Bd. Veale 5s, to 6s. ;—and Pork, 3s. to 6s. The prices of hay and straw are much as in our Jast.—Hay fetches from 5l. to 61, 18863. Straw, from 11. 19s. to 21’ 5s.;—and Clover, from 61. 4s. to 71, 16s. Hops continue promising in most places. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of July, to the 24th of August, 1808, mclusive, Two Miles N.W. of St. Paut’s. Barometer. Highest 30 18, Aug. 23 & 24. Wind N.E. Lowest 29.50. July 28. Wind N.W. ‘ ~ This small ne 2-tenths ) ce occurred yatiation in 4 ofaninch between the mor- a ~ . - . ; -ning of the 27th 44 hours ) 5 Thermometer. Higheft79. July 25& \ug. 4.Wind N. &S.W3 Lowest 52. Aug. 24. Wind N.U. On the 1th in the Greateft ? 10° (one the mercury variation = s was at 64° and on the’ 24 hours. 12th at the same hoor _ it was only 54°. former it was 29.7 onthe latter 29.5. The quantity of rain fallen this month, is equal'to 4.67 inches in depth. The average, height of the barometer is 29.8935; and that of the thermometer 64.67. The changes in tem- perature and density of the atmosphere, have been but trifling The quantity of tain, which is muchabove-the average quantity tora ninth, fell almost all in the early part of the month 5 there have been however eleven days in which there has been rain; but on the whole, there was probably rever known a more favourable season for the harvest. The wind has been variabhe, and sumetimes it has blown cold lor the season. . Astronomical Anticipations. : ‘$3 We have a full moon on the 4th instant, about eleven in the evening; and new moos on the YOth at helf past seven in the morning. The full moon happening so early in the month, it will not be the true harvest-moon. ‘This is always the fulP moon neurest to the autumnal © equinox, or that which happens nearest to the 22d of September. It is denominated the harvest-moon, because it rises about the full for several successive nights, with but a small difference in the times of her rising, and happening ‘about the harvest-season, is supposed to he perticularly favourable, by lengthening day-light, to the getting in the fruits of the earth, This smali difference, which is on the average about fifteen or twenty minutes only, while at other times in the month it is sometimes more than an hour anda quarter, occurs ‘every month, but as it dues not happen at the full, no notice is taken ofit. For this year the full moon for the piesent, and that for the next, are almost equally favourable, and might be both denominated harvest mhoons. We shal) now, foran evening or twe, trace the moon’s course 3 onthe 9th she rises four minutee alter eight: she is then in about the 13° of Leo, and nearly inthe ecliptic: as she rises in the heavens, she will be found about mid way between the Scar Alpha inthe Ram’s head, and Menkar inCetus. “Atnine she is 53° from: Markab in the Pegasus. On the 10th she rises scon after the Pleiades, passing shortly after an ima~ ginary line drawn from these stars to the Menkar; and at nine she will be 65° nearly from Markab, having in twenty-four hours travelled ebout 12° in her course. - On the 12th, she . & 28th inst. on the ’ sises a little before, and above Aldebaran, and as she mounts in the heavens, Orion seems to foltow her with great splendour. Mercary is a morning star till the dith. Venus is an evening star, but not yet visible, Jupiter will be a fine object for the telescope. Eclipses of his first satellite. will take place onthe 6t5, 13th, 15th, 2d, and O9th, s . Phe dial, and well regulared clycks and, watches should, at the beginning of the, month be together, but on the last day the clocks will be more than ten minutes after the sun.: fest l, - * * Persons who reside Abroad, and «ho wish to be supplied with this Work every Month, as published, may have it sent to ihem, FREE OF POSTAGE, to New York, Halyux, Quebec, and every, part of the West. Indies, at Two Guineas per Ajinun, by Mr. Yuorxuiny, of the General Post Office, at No. 21, Sherborne- dane; to Hamkurgh, Lisbon, Gibraltar, or any Part of the Mediterranean, atTwa Guineas per Annum, by Mr. Bisiior, of the General Post Office, at No. 22, Sher- burne-lane ; tathe Cape of Good» Hope, or any purt of the Last Indies, at Tharty Shillings per dunum, by Mr. Guys at the East Ind House, and to any part of Trtiand; ut One Guinea and a Half per’ Annum, by° Mr. Suiru, of the General Post: Office, at No. 3, Sherborne-lane. It may also be héd of atl Persons who deal én Books, at those Blaces, and also in every Part of the World, © "MONTHLY MAGAZINE, OCTOBER 1, No. 170.) _ —— ™ As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving to their Opinions a Maximum of 1808. RR Se [3 of Vou. 26, . Tnfuence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greatelt Effect the **Curiuhty of thofe who read either for Amufement or InftruStion,” JOHNSON, ‘ ORIGINAL COMM@NICATIONS. For the Monthly Magazine. LETTER III, ON TEA. Nequicquam Deus abscidit Prudens oceano dissociabile Terras, si tamen impie Won tangenda rates transiliunt vada. Hor. HE different products of different countries occasion a powerful ex- citement to commercial intercourse, which affording at the same time reeiprocal in- terests, forms a bond of union between nations; and by multiplying wants and enjoyments, promotes industry, civiliza- tion, morals, and wealth. These effects are the result of trade, by whatever me- dium it may be maintained, whether by that of gold, silver, rough materials, or manufactures; and the prices and profits of which, will in a great measure depend upon the value or facility of labour, Your correspondents G. N. and Phy- tophilus, seem to have imbibed the com- mon opinion, that we lose by trade with China, in consequence of, and in pro- portion to, the quantity of the precious metals exported thither for the purchase of tea; whilst 1 would consider them in the same point of view with other pro- ducts OF labour, employed in barter and traffic. “In China, and Indostan, the extent and variety of inland navigation save the greater part. of labour by Ait carriage, (used in most, parts of Europe,) and consequently of the money price of their manufactures, which must naturally be much lower in these great empires, than it is any where in Europe. Upon these accounts, the precious metals are a commodity, which it always has been, and still coutinues to be, extremely. ad- wantageous to curry from Europe to India, There is scarce any commodity which brings a better price there; or which, in proportion to the quantity of labour and ‘commodities, which it costs in Europe, will purchase or command a_ greater quantity of labour and commodities in India.” «= Snath’s Wealth of Nations. B. 1. ch. xi. (and tlie subsequent remarks on silver, as an article of trade.) " From every consideration, therefore, re- Specting product andiabour,the cultivation ontugy Mac, No, 176, of tea in China will be infinitely cheaper to us, than in‘ any of our colonies where the price of: labour, aud of food, is so much dearer ; whilst the sanie labour bestowed on colomal product might afford a sur- plus of profit or money adequate to. pur- chase tea in China’ and other articles elsewhere, , An important’ consideration in the trade is the employment of shipping, and consequently the increase of seamen. am not well acquainted with the nature and extent of our exports to China; in- dependently, Lowever, of the precious metals, considerable quantities of tin, copper, and red cloth, are exported thi- ther; besides: watches, and various ar- ticles of mechanism; and of late, as I have been informed, English china; but as Adam Smith justly observes, our most profitable article of export is silver, About thirty million pounds of tea are annually imported into England; it is hence exported to a considerable extent to the colonies, and to the European states, and thus encreases the navigation, commerce, and profit of this kingdom, besides the direct duties drawn from its import. be, A ae In a moral point. of view, it is not an- inactive agent. Ir affords a cheap re- past, and is a grateful menstruum of the food taken with it. Like many other in- fusions of vegetables, it is not nutritious but is rendered so by the addition’ of sugar and cream, or milk; and if not taken too hot, or drawn from superfine tea, it is innoxious, whilst it leads very much to the exclusion of spirits, or potent liquors, to which even the higher ranks of both sexes were accustomed, as ac- companiments to breakfast, before the introduction of tea.* * Simon Pauli, who took a pleasure in opposing the use of tea, indulges himself with the irony of the following lines; Drinct wiin and warff Drinct beer and verdarff, Drinct waater and starff. ? Or, Drink wine and profit,” Drink beer and grow thin, Drink water and die, Dd After 202 ‘After fatigue of body or mind, tea af- fords the most grateful _refreshmént. Kalm* observes,. that “it, relieves ,a weary traveller more than ‘can be ima~- giied, as I have myself experienced, to- gether with a great many others, who have travelled through the desart forests of America: on such journies, tea is found to be almost as-necessary as vic- tuals.” And let us not forget our poet Waller, with whose eulogy I shail con- clude my humble essays: The muse’s friend, tea, does our fancy aid, Repress those vapours which invadefthe head, And keep that palace of the soul serene, Fit on her birth-day to salute a queen $ ‘TsJAA-PHILUS. P.S. I had intended to. trouble you with a fourth letter on the natural history of tea, its mumerous varieties and names, with some notice of the olea frayrans, and camel- lia sesongua, whose flowers are used to per- fume it; the latter of which, (came'lia se- sonzua) was presented to me by the living son of the late Sir George Staunton, with the Curious insect found upon it; but 2s some of your readers may not like tea so weil as I do, I think it time to relinquish the subject; though with the hope that some individual, as your correspondent Phytophilus, ubler to throw and direct the discus, may be induced to enter the field and exercise his more am- ple powers. om + yo i a : —=— For the, Monthly Magazine. NARRATIVE of ad TOUR through BENGAL, BAHAR, and OUDE, 10 AGRA, DELHI, and other PLACES i the INTERIOR of HINDUSTAN, undertaken in the YEARS, 691794, 1795, 1796, and 1797. “(Continued from Vol. xxv. p. 483.) VYNUE tide failing and the wind being adverse, my dandies were obliged to rig out their two lines and track the boats against the stream. _ This is a very tedious way of proceeding; twelve or fourteen miles. in a direct line, being deemed a good day's work ; and to per- form this, the boat must be drawn through the water at the rate of three miles an * Travels into North America, vol. ii. p. 314, transloted by my late friend, John Reinhold Forster, who remarks, ** On my travels through the desart places beyond the river Wolga, I have had several opportuni- tics of making the same observations on tea, and every traveller inthe same circumstances will readily allow them to be very just.” + This is illustrated by De Bligny, who wrote in 1680, which he probably copied from Alex Rhod. Sommaire de Divers Voy- ages, et Missions Apostoliques du R, P. Alex. . fe Pataca ate as hour, for nine v the numerous angles formed | y the wind~: ings of the river. The dandies are. all employed on this work, and there only remains the mangee and goliah* on board, the former in charge of the helm, and the latter stands near the head with a long bamboo in his hands, called a Jugee, with which he sounds the depth of water as_we proceed, and sings it out with a most melodious nasal twang for the information of the mangee. As I was not confined to time, the tardiness of our progress was rather pleasing than otherwise, as it enabled me to go fre- quently on,shore to amuse myself with my gun. The weather was delightful pleasant, being about the middle of the cold season, when an European may follow the sports of the field without ex- periencing any bad effect; from the ri+ ver, the country appears to be one cons tinued forest, but on advancing further into it, numerous. villages enveloped in cocoa-nutand mango trees, and surraund- ed with fields of rice, present a most picturesque appearance; the buildings themselves are merc huts of mud covered with long grass, but being overrun with gourd and other creeping plants, the toyt-ensemble is very pleasing. An Open space about the ceutre of the village is generally occupied by a stately ban- yan tree, whose outstretched arms form a shade impervious to the rays of the sun. The peculiar property of this tree in forming a succession of trunks round the parent stem, by shoots issuing downwards from its horizontal branches, which com- ing in contact with the ground take fresh root and form another trunk, is too well known to need any description from me. There are but few villages in Bengal without one of a superior mag- nitude, under the branches of which the villagers assemble in the cool of the evening, to hear the elders recount stories of past times, the subjects of which generally are the feudal contests of the petty Rajahs and Zemindars of de Rhodes de la Compagnie de Jesus a la Chine, et autres royaumes de l’Orient, avec son retour de la Chine a2 Rome; depuis Pannée 1618, jusques 4 année 1653, p. 25. See also, Chamberlayn, on Tea, Coffee, and Chocolate, p. 40. Le Compte’s Memoirs and Observations, p. 227. Home Principia Medicine, p. 5. Cheynzi Tractat p. 89. Percival’s Experimenta! Essays, p. 120. ‘Tis- sot Dis. of Lit. Persons, p. 145. * Goliah or Guliah, is tantamount to 2 leadsman on board-ship. te are his the ieee Narrative of a recent Tour in India. [Oct. a or ten ek adie “ah 1808.J the neighbourhood, and a native of their ' ewn village the principal hero.’ On my arrival at our resting-place for the night, Pwent out with my gun for half an hour, while my dinner was pre- paring; on my return, I observed a large kite perched on a tree on the bank of the river, not far from my boat, I ‘advanced that way with an intention of firing at it, when an old man approached in a supplicating posture, and requested in very submissive terms that I would not take away the life of so sacred a bird. The distance had prevented my distin- guishing it to be a Braminah kite, a bird which I well knew was an object of par- ticular veneration to the Hindus; but the address of the old man assuring me’ of the fact, I immediately desisted from the attempt, and returned to my boat. Shortly after, one of my servants came and in- formed’ me that a villager had brought mea present. I ordered him to be ad- mitted, and found that it was the old man, who, in return for my attention to his reauest respecting the kite, had brought me a little offering of fruit’ and milk. {was much pleased with this in- stance of respect in the old peasant, and itshews how easy it is to conciliate the natives by conforming a little to their prejudices; had Ishot the bird, I could have made no use of it, and should have departed with the curses and execrations of all the Hindus who witnessed the ac- tion; but by a forbearance which could not be called a sacrifice, | acquired their applause and gratitude. Some of my readers who.are conversant with India, will probably smile at my ascribing gra- _titude to a Hinda, as it has often been asserted that it is a feeling which none of the race are capable of being impres- ‘sed with; that’ even their language has not a word expressive of \that divine emanation of the soul. The latter part of this assertion I leave to the investiga- tion of that learned aud ingenious orien- tal scholar Mr. Gilchrist, but that a Hin- du possesses sentiments of gratitude or something very similar in its nature and effect, the foregoing little anecdote suf- ficiently proves. The general appearance of the country through which I passed this day was very favourable, the population great, and the ¢éultivation in high order. A few miles from “Culna, Lobserved a considerable rum-dis- tillery belonging to a gentleman of Cal- eutta. The native superintendent shewed me the whole process, and extolled his liquor as being superior to any *other produced in Bengal, This might be, and Narrative of a recent Tour in India. 203 the distillation at the same time of a bad guality; for itis a well known fact that no good rum has yet been produced in India, although no country possesses more capability in thisrespect; the canes are remarkably fine and the sugar may be made as good as the best West India, yet the spirit extracted is but poor sickly unpalatable stuf. To what cause can this inferiority be ascribed? The fault is evidently neither in the soil, the climate, nor the materials; it must therefore be in the manufacturers: these in general are much more solicitous about the quantity than the quality of their spirit; and as most of them carry on the busi- ness with borrowed capitals, the high in- terest of twelve per cent. renders quick returns absolutely necessary; the rum is therefore disposed of and consumed before it has acquired strength and fla~ vour from age. In the West Indies the management of the still is entrusted to an intelligent European, who watches over it and marks its progressive stages with care and attention: the state of the atmosphere is particularly attended toy and*the coolest time of day chosen to ‘draw it off; for excessive heat not only destroys the purest spirit, but gives the remainder a very unpleasant taste. In Bengal the superintendence is given to an ignorant native, uhacquainted with the matter he is employed upon, further than that he must produce a certain quantity of liquor; he goes on, therefore in the old prescribed way, which to him is as fixed as the laws of the Medes and Persians, quite regardless of occasional circumstances, which frequently occur and render a deviation absolutely neces- sary. The middle of the day is his fa- vorite time of drawing the still, when the heat is so intense as to render it im- possible to keep the spirit sufficiently cool with a worm and refrigeratory; the essential oil is therefore brought up with the spirit and water, aryl passing through a hot worm, communicates that disa- greenble burnt flavor which chemists term ‘empyreumatic, and- which so eas sily distinguishes Bengal from West In- dia rum, The natives distil a liquor in earthen pots, which they emphaticall call doastee,* and in regard to them it well deserves the appellation from the great profits they derive; but the effect on the consumers, who.are generally low Europeans, entitles it to the more ap- propriate name of dushmunuee.t It-con- —————$—— * Friendship. + Enmity. 7 tains J tains very little spirit ; but by.a deleteri. ous mixture of caustic alkali, and essence, of capsicum, it becomes extremely fiery and intoxicating. Open houses are kept by the venders, into which they allure their customers, particularly . sailors ; these thoughtless people after a long voyage indulge themselves freely with this pernicious beverage, until they sink into. a state of torpid insensibility; their kind landlords then put them in a private room, until a late bour at night, when, they are taken out, being still in a state of insensibility, ana carried to some dis- tance from the house where they are Jeft on the ground to shift for themselves, almost in.a state of nature; the humane, and innocent natives, judging, cloaths to be butan incumbrance to an European in that warm climate... When the mise- rable wretch awakens from. his. trance, he: finds the Joss of his money and cloaths tobe the smallest part of his misfortune ; aracking pain seizes his head, he be- comes delirious, a pucka fever extends its baleful influence over all his. system, Should he be so fortunate, as. ‘to escape with life, which is, not often, the case, the effect of this truly diabolical Jiqyor, sticks to him to a.remote period. Gen-, tlemen who have resided any time, in Calcutta, and haye been in the habit of getting up early. and.going through the handee Chonk, and, among the narrow, alleys that lead from the Durrum Tollah, the Morgeehattah, apd other places, will subscribe to the justness, of my descrip- tion;,and I shall now close the subject with observing, that until government interferes its authority to prohibit the na- tives frou dealing in spirituous, liquors of, any kind, a great number of usetul lives, will be annually lost; and this prahibi- tion is the more necessary, when the apathy and total absence of every spark of moral principle in the natives are.con-. sidered. They are quite regardless of what they. sell, if it gives them a. pro- fit; and they, would, with equal! indiffer- ence. pour aquafortis’ or spring-water down the throats of their customers. Near a small village, called Summit Ghur, I met with an adventure, which, at its Commencement. portended serious consequelices to one of, my. servants, named Mungloo, who generally attend. ed me to carry my, powder and. shot, Observing, some pigeons on an, old xuined mosque, I fined at them and .kil- led two ; one fell in, view, and the other tuinbled over the wall.on the other side. Mungloo went to pick them up.while I reloaded my gun. Presently L.heard very Ome Narrative of a recent. Tour in India. [Oct. 1, violent shrieks from more’ female voices than one; immediately after which, I saw Mangloo dart. from bebind the ruin and run towards the river, as fast as his legs.could carry him; a ferocious-looking, fellow sith a black bushy beard. and a drawn. tulwar* in. his hand, quickly fol- lowed and. pursued him with considerable speed; but Mungloo had the start of hina and kept it until he came to a large tank, where he dodged his pursuer until 1 eame up and enquired the cause of this strange and very sudden fracas. ‘ Saheb’”,f cried the Patan, for such I discovered him to be, “ that kafir. has dishonored me, for which I will take hislife.” 1 replied, “ You are mistaken, my friend, that young man is no kafir, but one of the faithful, like yourself, and I am certain there must be some mistake in this business.” “ Mis- take (cried the man, his eyes gleaming with rage), no such thing, L saw him with my own eyes attempting, to break into my zenana,{ and his blood shall answer for it’ I immediately compre- hended the cause of his fury, and in or- der to pacify him, requested he would moderate his transport and sheath his, tulwar, and I would myself assist to pu- nish the lad should it appear he had been, intentionally guilty. With some difficul- ty he complied with my request, and on investigating the affair, it appeared that one of the pigeons. had fallen into a, small enclosure which surrounded that, part of the man’s premises appropriated. to the use of the females of his family ; and poor Mungloo, being unconscious of its being prohibited ground, endeavours ed to make his way through the enclosure to recover the pigeon, when, being des- cried by some of the ladies, their screams aroused the man, and occasioned the scene which I had just witnessed. -Mun- gloo’s protestations of innocence, enfor=- ced by fervent appeals to Allah, that. he, had not seen any of the ladies, added, to his extreme youth, at length pacified the jealous Mussulman; and the custo- mary ames took place, butnot without, some apprehensions on the part of the lad; for when they embraced, IE obsep- ved him place his hand-caatiously on, the nit of the Patan’s dagger, which, as_ usual, was stuck in his-irdle. We walked) together towards the Dudgerow, and om the way he informed nie that he was‘ ‘ ; : j * Sabre, + Saheb, yeh kafir humara hoormut bece gara.—Literally, Sir that infidel has tuined my. honar, ; : . $Seraglio. f , trooper ~ - 1808.] : \ : in the service of the Nawaub of Secdhial. his. pay was six rupees er month, out of which scanty pittance, iE provided his own cloathing and main- tained himself and family, assisted per- haps by their industry in spinning cotton thread. which was sold to. the: weavers. He took a friendly chillam with Mungloo, and parted with mutual salams. " (Ta be continued.) For the. Monthly. Magazine. THE ENQUIRER.—No. XXV. Was the reronmation beneficial , to BUROPE? *€ Let the bigotted, the interested, or the powerful, exert themselves aS much as they please, it is a truth confirmed:to us by the experience of all ages, that all the opinions which now reign in the world, how strongly soever established, or how antient soever they. may be, if: not grounded eriginally on matures but on the consent only and contri- vance of men, will be sure in the end to find the same fate with. old buildings, which, while they acquire to themselves.a sort of, veneration from their very age, are every day gradually weakened, till being found at last rotten and ruinous, they are demolished by common consent.” -Miiddleton’s Preface. ATHETHER. the introduction: of Protestantism has or has not been: adyantageous to human society, is a ques- tion of late much agitated, It has for+ med. the subjcet. of a, prize-enquiry. pro-- sed. by the National Institute of Paris. e successful, dissertation of Mr. C, Villers has been printed, translated, aud admired ; and is thought to have. proved that: the Protestant Reformation was not merely a step.in the progress, but in the: amelioration, of social order. _ Doubts may be suggested of the soli- j ne this inference. urope is indeed: better off now than it was. three. hundred; years ago. It is, more; populous. The accomodations of life abound more among the. mostweedy. The. proportion. of. educated, civilized, and refined. individuals is greater. in, a, given number of persons. Wealth and art, science, and, taste, scatter more; widely their productions and, gratiiica- tions. An,influcncing, philanthropy has softened ihe harsher laws and inuluphed e benevolent institutions. But of this indisputable advancement. of prosperity, how litte. can) be attributed to the, Re- formation ! If the, three hundred years. which 1d between 1500, and. 1800, be divi-; inte, equal parts, the spirit of, the; rmation will be allowed to huve been The Enquirer.—No. XXV. 205 are ee most operative duvivg the: first hundred and fitty years. But the diffusion of general weifare. and illumination will be found most conspicuous during the lase hundred and fifty years. This progress, both of populousness and of refinement, resulted chiefly from the increase of wealth; and the increase of wealth re« sulted chiefly from that extension of commerce which grew out of the eonquest of Hindustan, and the colonization, of Amevica; events independent of the res formation. If the European territories shaken hy this revolution, be distinguished into protestant aud catholic countries, and the respective masses be compared. witlr each other, the protestant will. uniformly, be found the more barbarous during the three first. lalf-centuries of the Reforma= tien ;.as_ if the victory of the new opis nions had occasioned. a) retrogression of civility, The catholic. provinces. seem barely, to. have retained their antertor refinement; but the protestant provinces! to have far receded toward. rudeness; and these only began to recover- thei natural rank,in the competition of nations. al culture, when the religious zeal of their ruling. classes began to.abate, What Ttaly was under.the Medici, and’ France: under Louis XIV. England becameunder: the two. first Georges, and Germany) under Frederic, Valuing thus, in, gress, the effects of the Reformation, it isisurely) hol.easy to perceive its,merits. By attending more in, detail, ta itsi operation on, morals, religion, policy, and literature ; some approach) to equitables appreciation may perhaps be made, Ther following are obvious, features, of thes change. An austere: ascetic. scriptural: morality was generally substituted for the: lax gentlemanly traditional practice of the: catholics. The play-house- was reviled,. fernication was aborninated, cempotation» was encouraged ; the young men became: puritanic and sottish, Adaltery was held? out by a married clergy to just abhor- rence. diffused by the. vernacular Seriptures,, Liturgies and Homilies of the Refurmers, Some, degradation of public taste and? temper was supermduced by a scurrilousy literature, appealing to. the lowest valgar, A more lamentable degradation: of pubs» lic. humanity eusuedetrom the pious inte= lerance of the autagonist parties. Truth, a, A taste for holy reading: wass.. and reason, were so littlesthe gainersiby» : the doctrinal .conftist,, that.it remains? , doubifoi, whether; more, points eof: faith: were changed tor the bettemor the worse.’ The belief in a purgatory is more humang ang amore than liberty. _ 206 and rational than the eternal future pu- nishments of the reformers. ‘The practice of auricular confession, if derogatory in adults, opposed among the young a wholesome obstacle to premature and solitary indulgence. The consubstan- tiation of the Lutherans is not at all less absurd than the old trausubstantiation of the Catholics; the one sect imagines the transmutation of the elements to take piace in the mouth of the communicant, and the other in the chalice of the pricst. The invocation of saints was defended by the Catholics with stronger arguments than the Protestants advanced to the attack: the'use of pictures and statues in places of worship was ativantageoos to the progress of taste, of art, of commerce, of refinement; the void left, by abolishing iolatry, was ill supplied by mysticism and.gloom. . On politicalinstitution, the effects of the Reformation are still! more uncreditable. Except in Scotland, in Holland, and at Geneva, civil liberty suffered every where byits intrusion. ‘The power of the Swe- dish, Danish, and British, kings, was great- ly and mischievously increased, for the pur- pose of protecting this rude religious revolution. {In all the catholic countries, except Poland, the power of the sove- reign was likewise augmented, almost to despotism, for the opposite purpose of enabling him to suppress the new heresy ofthe Protestants: The territory eman- cipated is less extensive far, than the territory which was more heavily yoked. “Order and tranquillity suffered. still The first century and half of the Reformation was univer- sally a scene of Confiscation, persecution, proscription, and civil war. The refor- mers were no where content that the old gpinions should die out with the incum- hents of benefices; tliey «ccelerated the course of nature to the utmost limits of their power: even the old bishop of Iceland was beheaded, to make room for @ protestant successor. © The antagunist cruelties of Henry VIL. of England, and of his daughter Mary, both grew out of the Reformation. ‘Lhe sudden proscrip- ticn of Saint Bartholomew in France, and the deliberate persecutions of queen Flizabeth ia England, who hanged up, one by one, merely for teaching their hereditary religion, a hundred and se- venty-five catholic priests, alike grew out of the Reformation. The civil wars of the British against. Charles T./originated in parties formed by the Reformation. The thirty-years war mn Germany, and View ~ The Enquirer.—No. XXV. that pernicious separation of the German empire into independent provinces, which paralyzed the proper antagonist of French: power, were other great and lasting poli- tical evils, which Europe owed to the Reformation. ; The new forms of charch-government, which were substituted for popery, had* the merit of favouring patriotism. By” conferring eeclesiasic supremacy on the national magistrate, the church and state acquired a common centre of alle- giance. Butthisis not an unmixed good, for the popish clergy were less dependent and servile, and were more cosmopoli- tical, With the progress. of humani- zation, they were likely to employ an all-pervasive power, in promoting the common iaterests of countries; sometimes by reforming the calendar ; sometunes by uniformalizing coins, weights and mea- sures ; sometimes by enfore.ng the law of nations and laying under interdict a re- fractory people, It is chiefly in services to literature, that the utility of the Reformation must be suught. Controversy is itself a great good; it is the awakener of intellect and the scatterer of instruction. Whether the audience be in a humour to applaud. the iconoclast or the idolater, the liber- tarian or the necessariau, the monottieist or the polytheist, matters little; if they do but listen and interfere. Stagnant water putrefies, but, whether it ebbs or flows, it diffuses lustre and fertility: it is so with opinion; be the’ motion toward atheism or toward superstition, the agi- tation is still of value. Why sank the catholic countries, after the Reformation, into literary insignificance? Becalise their precautions against innovation operated to crush enquiry and discussion. ‘Those games of mind were prohibited, in which intellect wrestles itself into vigor. Why rose the protestant countries, after the Reformation, into literary eminence? They | admired and rewarded their polemic ‘au- thors; they opened a career of ascent to eloquence and Jearning; they read the-’ ology at least, and became content to- trust in the liberty of the press for the eradication of error and the dissemination of truth. Tolerance, and the liberty of the press; these were the blessings, which, © during the third century of the reforma- tion, were to remiunerate protestant Pu- rope for the sufferings of the two prece-- ding centuries. } But can this religious toleration, this freedom of opinion, this philanthropic ’ liberality, which distinguishes the higher idle - © Ohterature~ 10s ee 1808.] Iiterature of modern Europe, and which has conferred on the last century its noblest features, be strictly and justly, ascribed to the Protestant Reforination? Has it been imbibed, from. the sacred books, then first evulgated? Has it been imbibed from the writings of the leading reformers? Alas,no! The protestants, like the catholics, read in the *Scriptures the. precepts. of intolerance; they em- ployed licencers for the press, and exe- eutioners fur heresy, ‘Calvin was the most generally influencing writer among the reformers; and he acted up to the atrocity of his doctrine, by burning alive Serveto, mation, it so owes the bark to fever. After trying the vivlently irritating remedies against fanaticism in vain, a feebler but more permanently active specific is dis- coyered to avail. ‘Tolerance really grows gut of the sceptical philosophy, it is the ‘appropriate truit of that tree; every peo- ple, in proportion to their religiosity, ‘have withstood the magistrate in realizing the political equality of religious sects, The English and the Spanish are the must ious and the least tolerant of all the ede ; . Bayle was the great diffuser of the sceptical philosophy. His opinions are but in a small degree the result of the Reformation. They are mostly derived, either from the antient classics which he studied, or from the Latin writers of modern Italy, such as Pomponatius, &c, it may be presumed theretore, that the sceptical philosophy, with all its effects, would,in the person of some other Prench- man or Italian, have blossomed and scattered its seeds among the ruling clas- ses of society, whether the Protestant Reformation had or had not taken place. The predisposing causes which were to provide it with apostles, lay in a literature independent of the Reformation. The liberty of the press, however fa- youred by scepticisn:, is less a result of opinion, than of the multiplication of independent jurisdictions. Ten years ago, the liberty, or licence, of the press in ‘Germany, exceeded that of Britain, A wider arc of oscillation was open to opi- nion. Now that the country is overawed hy a single sovereign, the conduct of *Jobnc.xv.v.6 If a man abide not in ge, lie shall be cast out as a severed branch, and shal] wither; and men shall gather toge- ther such branches, and cast ‘hem into the fire, and they shall be burned. Improved Version. The Enquirer.—No. XXYV. 207 princes may be freely criticized no longer.’ The fiberty of the press enjoyed by the ollanders, and the contiguous provitices, during the whole zgra'of Dutch indepen- dence, arose from the very narrow extent of the power of controul in any given body of magistrates. A hich degree of liberty of tie press was finding room iit Italy, when the disorders of the Reformas: tion broke loose, and confederated \the Italian church-alarmists of the different principalities into one strong party of inquisitors. The earliest index expurga- forius is subsequent to: the protestant troubles.. But for the German Reforma- . tion, either the literary taste of ‘the Me- . If Europe owes tolerance to the Refor-. dici, or the hostility of the Venetians to the Romish see, or the commercial libe~ rality of the Genovese, or the philoso- phic courage of the professors of Padua, would have established in Italy’a free press, and have habituated the people to bear with bold controversy. There is much of habit in liberty of all kinds; those who begin, should begin gently =’ but the habit once formed, it might have detied suppression. Aud what then would have been the refyrmation - achieved ?! By removing the focus of discussion and’ emanation, the whole character of the’ revolution would have been changed.» The tellow-thinkers of the eloquent and accomplished Socini, in their sue’ cessive conventions. st Vicenza, would: have shapen, into a severely beautiful consistency, the articles of a narrower, simpler, purer, and sublimer creed.. They would have evulgated the holy SCriptured, more carefully picked over than by the.) council of Trent, and accompanied with expositions, not tending, like those of the northern .reformers, to revive. and: diituse the absurdest superstitions of the most ignorant Jews. Formed in the bosom of [talian taste, stationed on its classic soil, surrounded by a refined peo- ple, whose poetry an Ariosto and a Tasso, whose art a Michael Angelo and a Ra~ phaei were illustrating, they would not! have enlisted, like the barbarian protes= tants, among the destroyers of the beau- tiful, but would have preserved in all its majesty the antique ritual of Rome; they would have associated religion with our noblest pleasures... Reducing the esta- blished hagiolatry to that posthumous veneration for the benefactors of the human race, which is the natural religion of every grateful heart, and the strongest incentive to future excellence, they oleh have encouraged the people to superadd. hew | 208 new altars to those, which were before visited in pilgrimage on the birth-day of the favourite saints, and to include the here, the patriot, and the sage among the worthies whose memory was conse- erated by public piety. Conmipare with the probable pupils of such a polished religion, the evangelical christians of our own age and country, who are the undegenerate heirs, the faithful copies, the living images, of the characters originally formed, by a like reading and discipline, at the Protestant Reformation. What meral artist would be proad of suchproductions? what moral eritic will bestow his approbation? Change follows its most natural move- ment, when it emanates from the centre toward the circumference; when it begins in & Metropolis, and radiates into the provinces; it is then most likely to qua- drate with the ultimate inferences of rogressive enquiry, Not so, when it faze at the: ciroumference and advances toward the centre, it is then less likely to be improvement; because it originates in enquiries less comprehensive, and in the comparative sentiments of fewer minds, The Protestant Reformation had this latter character: from the twilight edges and confines of the illuminated world, the northern nations endeavoured to blow theirown clouds over the meridian serenity of the south. They made tem- pests and bloody showers; and now that the sunshine is restored to their fields, boast of the storm, as the cause of tility. * When it is considered that, of the evil, which for one hundred and fitty years accompanied the Reformation along us progress, much inheres in the very nature and essence of the change: that, of the good, whieh for oue hundred and fifty years has been enjoyed in the seats of the Reformation, much might equally have been expected without any altera- tion at all: and-that a purer reformation from the bosom of Italy itself, was pro- bably intercepted by the premature vio- lence of Luther and his followers—surely they may uot hastily, or decidedly, be elassed among the benefactors of the homaa race. ——aee—— Lo the Editor of the Monthly Mugazine. STR, N the perusal of Mr. Wilkins’s very splendid. work on the Antiquities of Magna Grecia, I was struck by the sin- gularity-of a tthe of Jupiter, which he quotes on the authority of Pausanias. 4 Correction of a Passuge in Pausanias. [Oe.1, The passage, as it stands m all the edi-’ tions, is this. Attic. 40.Ke} Ass Koviow’ youag oux Exo opopoy. ” Now this is a title’ which ldo not remember to have seen elsewhere-in this or in any author, and for which I can see no cause. “ Jupiter the Thuuderer ;” “ Jupiter the Savioar ;” “ Jupiter Bleutherivs,” and the like are intelligible enough; batfrom what attri« bute or atchievemerit could the title ef “ Jupiter the Dusty” have been conferred on hin? A proper designation, one would think, for Vesta or Ceres. Besides, it cannot analogically be an adjective from xovig; and I can perceive no other pro+ bable etymology. ; Tt have little doubt, but that the true readmg is Aids XGoviov.—i, e. “ of Pluto; or Dis.”As Jupiter was termed ker Soya, Zeds Oupavios, and Nepttine ‘zébs Mov7i0¢, 30 Pluto was sometimes called Ztb¢ XOH/0¢. Hesychius, x640; ede, 6 “Adus. "The tirle is used by Hesiod and Orpheus. So amongst the Latins, “ Jupiter Stygius ;” which title is found in several inseriptions in Gruter and Reinesius: Wirgil also, “ Stygio Jovi.”—The following passage, however, of Pausanias himself seems to me to decide the question.——Tx 03 (4ytipara) to Atds, uot rabra bre EP imraifps, 70 pedv torinrnow obw eye, voy BE abray Nona, nai roy tpiroy naroiow Ydicrov, which passage 1s not a little remarkable for its construction,— Id, Heliac. xive | Avie earavurciay XOoviev, vid. Corinthiac, xxiv.—- The tact of these statues being éy iwa/Spar, agreeing with the circumstance related in the first, leaves, I think, but httle doubt of the truth of this slight corree- tion. After all this emendation is only worth mentioning, inasmuch as no com+ mentator, that I am aware of, has made it before. Now Iam writing, I will just express my surprise, that Mr. C. Wesley should trouble himself to recur to his Gradus ad Parnassum for the quantity of the ante- penultima of ,Amramides,. concerning which it is perfectly clear that no rule can be given, When a Hebrew word is Launized we may use it in most instances to our own quantity ; and if Mr. C. Wess ley is sticking in the middle of a copy of , “ Jong.and short,” at a loss about Moses, T will venture to assure him,. that he may pronounce his patronymic“ ad libitum ;” provided he sticks to one usage, and does not make the penultima long, Mr. Wes- ley should’ know that patronymics are not derived from the name of a mother, and that [lippotades comes from Immerzs, the father of Sergesta, who was the mo- (- ther { ; a, ; ep ; . pa aie that excellent little work, the Eton Greek Grammar, will probably satisfy his doubts on this and many other equally important points. — Your’s, &e. ~ August 24, 1808. AB, J.C. ¥ —_ - \» . For the Monthly Magazine. REMARKS on the ESTABLISHMENT of n> FRIENDLY SOCIETIES. FN your well conducted Miscellany, I some judicious remarks on the esta- blishment of Friendly Societies, (except the proposed scheme of the annual pay- ments being greatly inadequate to the probable demands,) induces me to sub- -mit my thoughts on the subject in reply to your correspondent, J, M. Dumbar- tonshire, whose sentiments do him great credit, althouzh I conceive he ismistaken in his view of the subject: Various plans have, at different times, been suggested, and an indefinite num- ber of societies established in different parts of the kingdom; but owing in agreat degree to the inaccuracy of the calcu- lations made by the projectors, at the commencement, the greater part of those I have been acquainted with, have fallen short of the expectations of the public. They began with the specious appearance of general utility, and ended in disap- pointment and disgust, tending also ma- terially to the injury of many people, who after haying contributed to the support of others for many years, have been unfortu- nately leftin their old age, with the cheer- Jess prospect of obtaining a casual support from their former friends, or submitting to the distressing, and degrading alterna- tive of removing to a parish workhouse. Friendly Societies (as they are called), in ninety-six instances out of one hun- dred, have ultimately proved useless and nugatory, or of no effect, from the pay- ments being found inadequate to the de- mands. ‘To obviate this material incon- venience, [ would recommend to such of your readers as wish to derive informa- tion on this subject, to peruse attentively Mrs. Cappe’s (of York) late publication on Friendly Societies, (more particularly addressed to females,) but equally appli- cable to either sex. The work is inter- spersed with many suitable remarks, all tending to increase the comforts of the lower classes of society. In the neigh- bourhood where I reside, a Female So- ciety has been lately established, on a plan similar to Mrs, Cappe’s, under the Patronage of an amiable young lady, whose chief employment is that of doing | Monruty Mac., No. 176. Sy 1808.]) Remarks on'the Establishment of Friendly Societies. ‘. ther of Zolus. “An attentive ‘perusal'of 209 good, ‘and yet who blushes to find it fame,” by providing for the indigent poor those coinforts they otherwise could not have experienced, The outlines of this Society, if required, shall be sent, Sir, in a future letter. In order to form a Male Sociéty, on a plan that is likely to stand the test of time, I beg to submit the following to the consideration of your correspondents, and to subjoin that the Societies to be established in the way I mean to pro- pose, should be formed into classes. The first to consist of honorary mem- bers, who are to derive no personal be- nefit from the fund, unless any of them, from unforeseen misfortunes, should ‘be greatlyfreduced in circumstances;” when they ought to be equally entitled to a re= muneration for the money paid by them respectively to the society, as the general members of the second class, provided they from that time make their payments accordingly as hereafter stated. Second class, to consist of tradesmen and others whose payments should ‘be in proportion, to their respective ages, as in the annexed list; and to receive such per- sonal benefits as those payments entitle Ahem to; which are also subjoined. Third class, to consist of working peo- ple of every description, whose moral characters are unexceptionable. Fourthly, a fund may be formed forthe support and education of orphan children born in wedlock, until they respectivel attain the age of fourteen or fifteen, an then a further sum to place each of them | out in permanent situations. As thigis a subject I have not yet seen or heard of being introduced into any institution of » this description, I submit the propriety of the plan to such of your readers, 2s may, feel themselves interested in wishing to make a provision for their helpless off- spring. Asa father, I feel fo# the’ sued: fare and happiness of mine, and I should be highly gratified in having the means pointed out of providing for their infan- cy, some of those comforts they have hi- therto been accustomed to, without having recourse to insurance-oftices for that purpose, I make little doubt but these remarks will equally apply to many thousands in this kingdem, who, although they are at present above the frowns of the world, may, from the pressure of the times, be rendered incapable of making a suitable provision for their children, at least such as they wish or expect-and thus leaving them “ to the pelting of the pitiless storm,” unprotected and unpro- vided, It may be presumed, no cluims Ee voyld al 210 Remarks on the Establishment of Fi would be made on the fands of such a society, unless the orphan children be left destitute, or in distressed circum- stances, or otherwise greatly dependent on relations and friends fur their support and education. For this purpose I should conceive, that not less than 5s. per quar- ter from such members as may feel in- terested in making a provision for their children (in case of sudden removal of both father and mother), in addition to ' the subjoined payments for sick and aged members, would entitle such children to the following payments until they are of the age before specified; and thus make one general fund. tor the whole. If only one child under fourteen, and until he or she is of that age, 251. per annum; and 25]. more to place such child in a per- manent situation; two children under fourteen, 16]. per annum each; and 20). to place each of them in a permanent Situation; three ditto or more under fourteen, 12I. per aunum each; and 151, each to place them out when they re- Spectively attain the age of fourteen.* In some instances the payments may be increased, if much distressed, according as three-fourths of the special committee may determine. Any member may be at liberty to withdraw his name from the * Should this provision be deemed more than the annual payments will admit of, [ would beg leave to add, that if the interest of monies left such children by their parents, should fall short of the annual sums here in- tended for their support, é&c. then the society should make up the deficiency, and that the principal be appropriated to establish such chil- dren in trade, or in some way of providing for themselves when arrived at years of discretion. (Sone aes nN Societies, T Vet. 1 list of subscribers to the orphan fund, when forty-five years cofipee, ut lie may continue a subscriber thereto 4s much longer as he pleases. ; ‘The honorary members who form the first class of the proposed society, to be considered as.the guardians of such or- phan children during their infancy, and they should also be empowered to place them out in comfortable situations, when arrived at years of maturity, so as to ren- der them useful members of society. The preference to be given to those who are the nearest of kin to such orphan children, In my next letter (if this meets your approbation) I shall enlarge upon this sub- ject, and also add some observations which I conceive would conduce to in- crease the comforts of a widow, left with children, by providing with an annus ity for herself, and also a certain sum annually for each of her children under fifteen years of age. I have it in con- templation to assist some well disposed persons to establish such a society in this neighbourhood, on the basis of geueral utility, and which I should lose no time in doing if {£ were assured it would meet with that encouragement the subject is entitled to: but I tear we should have to contend with the prejudices of some, and the illnatared remarks of many others, although it be instituted for the best and most laudable purposes, viz. to provide for the support of aged members, widows and orphans, and widows left with a large helpless family, without making any pro- vision for the sick members. The following sketch will explain the proposed plan fur the relief of sick and aged members, . SECOND CLASS, Tors)! ch THIRD CLASS, Gani, Ge To receive per week when To receive per week when _ confined to bed i oe confined A bed t ili Walking allowance - 0 4 0|Walking allowance - 0 3 0 Annuity after 60 - 0 3 O}Annuity after 60 - O 6 r to 65 - O 4 6G to 65 - 0 2 6 to 70 andupwards 0 6 O to 70andupwards 0 4 O . Payments to be made by the members, — Payinents by the members. per quarter, per year. per quarter. per year. | from 17'to20 £0 3 3 0 13 0} from 17to20£0 2 5 0 8 P20 — 24 0 4 8 UP aa 0) 20—24 0 3 0 0 12 0 24—28 0 5 1 Ly Oe 24— 28 O 3 6 014 O 28—32 0 5 10 F Dats Jaa” | 28—32 0 4 1% O16 6 32—35 0 7 O 5 es ade 8) 3s2—35 0 5 0 OY. 0 ~$5—38 0 8 9 £135;'7C 35—38 0 5 10 1S" 4 38—42 010 0O ~ ea, © oat & o8—42 0 6 10 FA ae 42—45 012 Q Pas: a «| 42—45 0 8 4 1138 4 46—— 015 6 BS i a 46— 010 6 Pe ate 8) 47——. 017 O 3 ).'0 47——- O11 9 244» \O 48— 018 9 3.15 0 48—- 012 9 211 0 49-——- 1 0 6 4° 2 0 49—— 013 9 215 0 50— 12 0 4 8°0 50— 015 0 3 0 0 a ¥ e, mts. | ee, | ee 1808.] Remarks 0: 1 the Establishment of Friendly Societies, @1% _ And in order to add to the permanent advantages of this Society, I should propose that the ards thee be made by each Member as an admissiun a fee, in proé portion to their respective ages, — SECOND CLASS. Sie # “AT to 25 - =) 0)40 0 25 — 30 - 015 O 30— 35 - 0.0 35—40 - tt. 6 40—45 | - 2 2 0 45— 50 z SG “Should the sum of 83. per week when confined to bed be considered as too smali an allowance to members of the second class, by adding to the quarterly or yearly payments, half the above sums affixed to the respective ages at which they become members, will entitle such to 12s. per week when ill, and annuities to sixty, 4s. 6d. per week, &c. Xe. If members of the second class, whio have received no personal benefit at any time from the society, and whose children are above the age that entitle ‘them to relief from the orphan fund, continue their payments to the joint fund, (viz. the sick and orphan) until sixty years of age, they will be entitled to halt the above weekly allowances, in ad- dition to the before-mentioned sums, viz. to 12s. per week for members of the second class. At whatever age a person becomes a member, the same quarterly or annual ayments will be required of him while e continues a member, and no more. To prove the inutility and inaccuracy of your correspondent, I. M’s. proposed scheme, I beg leave to submit to his can- dour and good sense, the following ex- amination of his statement. He expects the society to consist of one hundred members. I take this number as sut- ficient data to proceed with. Two things must particularly be attended to. First, the advantages held out to those who enter; and, secondly, the means of making these permanent. With this view I shall confine my observations to the first class only of his projected society, which he mentions in p. 305, of your Magazine for May Jast, viz. If confined by illness to receive per week, 10s. Od. Walking allowance ditto, CNG abs to bequeath 51. owards funeral expen- ces, 21. ->10l 0 0 Widows annuity, 31. Probabilities in reference to this Society. Upon an average there will be, out of one hundred tmembers, three con- fined at one and the same time, who will THIRD CLass, oy er ae 17 to 25 f 0 5 0 25 — 30 - OL Geo /30—35 - 010 QO} 35 —40 - 0 14:0 40—45 - 018 #O 45 —50 - A a haek Co be entutled accordimy to his statement to- 10s, each per week. £78 per ann: Walking allowance to two, 89 0 0 at 7s. 6d, each ditto, ¢ Admutting the probability of two members dyingin every twelve months, Towards funeral expences 4 O @ Legacy by each 5l. - 10 0 O Widows annuity each, 3], 6 0 0 137 0 0 The above calculation only admits payments made to two widows, which on the contrary, from being a certain an- nual drawback trom the stock of the so- ciety, in proportion to the number of members dying and leaving widows, will be sabject to a considerable addition to the above; and I conceive the number will be found to increase to four widows during the first seven years; to six in ten years ; and thus increase the demands on the society in a proportionate ratio, Meansof defraying the annual expence. Ur 7b One hundred members to pay on admission, 21s. each, will 5 6 0 produce 1051 annual in- terest, Annual payments by one huudred members at sine 30 0 0 each, - Fines and forfeits about 115 0 87 0 0 which leaves a deficiency of 50l. per an= num; therefore the demand upon the stock is near 501, per cent more than the amount paid annually by the members, except the admission fees, which, with the general way of allowing the fund to accumulate for two or three years before any payments are made to the sick mem~ ~bers, it shuuld properly be considered as a reserved fund for contingent expen- ces, rather than to be immediately ap- plied to meet early demands or the so- ciety. General Remarks adapted to the preceding Society, All members to be admitted or re- jected ah 212 Remarkson the Estab jected by ballot. Such ballotting t confined to the committee ie | e the first and second class as they stanc on the list; sixteen from the first, and eight fromm thesecond. Forfeits by those on the committee for non-attendance when required to meet on business, one shilling each time.* vice-president, stewards and assistants, and all other officers of every description, to be appointed from the first and second class in the proportion of two-thirds from the first, and one-third from the second. All incidental expences to be defrayed by the first and second classes, in the pro- portions before mentioned, so as to avoid ail incumbrances on the fund appropri- ated for the third class. The honorary members to pay annually twenty-one shillings to the fund, besides fines and forfeitures, which are to be applied to pay the cotingent expences of the society, such as providing a room for the purpose of meeting, transacting the business of the society, &c. The quarterly and an- nual meetings to be held at a private house, or a room procured for that use. General members, viz. those of the second and third classes to be entitled to receive their weekly payments when ill, after being members of the society twelve éalendar months; and orphan children entitled to their annuities in the same time. Payments to the fund cease alto- gether at sixty-five years of age. No person to be admitted a member who is afflicted’ with any ailment or disorder that may belikely to render him burthen- some tothe society. Any one wishing to become a member to be proposed at one meeting, and ballotted for at the next, A certificate of birth required, and the same properly attested. Any one wish- ing to become a member, to bring a re- commendation signed by two members ; but if at, any future time he is found to have imposed on the society, he shall for ever be expelled therefrom; and if the members who so recommended him shall be proved to have been wilfully acces- sary to the imposition, he shall also be expelled therefrom in like manner, The funds of the society to be laid out by the treasurer, under the direction of a special committee, in the purchase of go- vernment stock. ‘he anniversary meet- ' * President, or vice president, when sum- moned to attend by the secretary, to forfeit three shillings each ; stewards, two shillings; assistants, one shilling and six-pence each, for non-attendance, The president, : double the sum paid by the latter class to be contributed by the former, Fines and forfeits, as in other societies; except that for not accepting the office of president, the members of the first class pay five shillings, stewards three shillings, assis- tants two shillings, each. Should it be thought adviseable to allow the nextof kin to a deceased member some legacy, it may be provided for in the same man-- neras the sum paid towards the funeral expence of a member. Your’s, &c. August 4, 1808. P, P.S. As an accompaniment to Friendly So- Cieties, I beg leave by way of postscript to my long letter, on that subject, to add a few remarks on the great benefits derived from Sunday schools, to the community at large, when wel] conducted, It would be highly beneficial to the 1i- sing generation, who, as Dr. Watts empha- tically observes, are to be the men and women of the next, if Sunday schools and schools of industry were more generally encouraged and ‘better attended to than they too fre- quently are, It is true, I could enumerate a few exceptions to this complaint (which I fear is but too general) on the part of the managers and directors of schools of this de- scription, and more particularly one in the small parish where I reside; which is con- ducted irt a manner far superior to any, other Iknow of. To facilitate the improvement of. the children of both sexes, they are, it is true, taught and instructed separately, but under the sole management and_ occasional superintendance of a lady, whose merit is above all praise, ‘They are instructed in the principles of religion and virtue, and the obser- vance of the christian sabbath.’ To the unre- mitted attention of the lady (who-has kindly undertaken the management) is owing the great change that is already observable from a laxity of morals’ to industry and. propriety of conduct, in most of those who have en-* joyed the benefit of her instructions and ex- ample. — The school of industry for week-days has : also, ‘aa ee ee erstand, far exceeded: her most Sanguine expectations. ee 5 The expences o fF the salary of two masters on the sabbath day for the boys, and one school-mistress for the girls for Sundays and week-days, rent of school-room, and firing, Stationary, &c. &c. and also including the amount of reward-tickets, &c. for the school of indystry; do not amount to forty six pounds a-year, which'is defrayed by a vo- Juntary subscription ofthe parishioners, al- though but of small extent. " ‘To enlarge on the benefits arising from such institutions, which are highly honour- able to the managers, would surely be super- fluous. Remarkably illustrative of the happy effects of early instruction on the lower classes of society, is the declaration of the celebrated Mr. Howard, the philanthrophist, “that he found many of the prisons in Swis- serland empty of criminal prisoners :—a cir- cumstance that inestimable character ascribed solely to the great care that was taken in that country to give children, even the poorest, a moral and religious education.” The Dean of Lincoln, speaking of the be- nevolent institutions alluded to (Sunday, schools) justly observes, ‘* that they possessan invaluable antidote to the poisonous manners of this depraved age;” and that ** the power and efficacy of these establishments, reach to such an extent of situation, and of numbers, as no other mode of improvement can possibly equal.” ‘¢ Having,” (continues the same Venerable writer,) ‘ anxiously watched their infancy, and attended to their progress, I have thought their principles the most une- quivocal, and their influence the most exten- sive, that can be employed in the cause of general refermation.” 4 a For the Monthly Magazine. On the abyantaces tosociety from the more general ESTABLISHMENT Qf SUN- DAY-SCHOOLS. HE, endowment of Sunday schools was begur: in 1785, since which period to the year 1803, (when the Sun- day school union was established in Lon- don) upwards of 200,000 children were admitted into them ;_ and it is worthy of temark, that since 1803, Sunday-schools have increased considerably, and they have also been better conducted. The reply in the Monthly Magazine (published the 1st inst.) to G, Cumberland €sq. on the Education of the Poor, induce me to add a few remarks, in corroboration of the facts there stated —“ that we owe many of the evils our criniinals pro- duce to their being in a state of extreme ignorance.” That this is but too lament- ably true, there can be no doubt. The question, “ whether the poor ought or nt gee rh = ‘ eS) Oe ae ba ' a le ew By hes r' ¥808.]' Advantage s from Sunday-schools. } oe 213 ought»not to be educated?” has been fre= ently and ably discussed. He who will take the trouble to peruse the accounts of the lives, trials; and executions of the most notorious malefactors in this king- dom, will find them protesting in their last moments with anguish of heart, that the violation of the sabbath was the first offence in their iniquitous course ; that however the career of their villainy terminated, it always began by a neglect of attending divine worship on Sundays; by shortly after profaning that day, with gambling, tipling, and other excesses ; and in the last stage of their profligacy, by often selecting it as Lest suited to their thefts, depredations, sacrileges, and murders. Can any thing add to the very great advantages arising from the general diffusion of knowledge among the lower classes so effectually as to Sunday schools? I answer, without hesitation, Nothing can; more especially if the children are rewarded according to their respective merits, which will serve as an incentive to greater industry, and occasion a spirit of emulation to be excited amongst them, To revert to the very great utility of Sunday-schools, for the purpose of coun- teracting the pernicious tentlency of such profligate and improper conduct of these who have not had the benefit of early instruction, or been properly initiated in those primary daties which itis ineum= bent-on all to attend to as members of civil society, and which is the indispensa- ble duty of every parent to impress early on the minds of youth:—the due observ= ance of the sabbath is the first point in- culcated by these excellent institutions, and the mind is formed in its earliest ape prehension thus to feel the just value of this great security, and what thé duty and conduct of youth must be so as to be happy here, and to enable them to enjoy everlasting felicity hereafter ; for among the causes which the un- happy victims to the laws of their-couns try alleve for their Yuin, and its attend- ant consequences, the breach of the sab- bath must be accounted -as the first step in guilt, as it takes place before they are capable of the crimes’ of more mature age. August 11, 1808. Be —aEoe ‘Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine SER, thay AVING read several remarks in your valuable publication, respecting the cuckoo, I thought proper to send you the following 214 Cuckoo's Eggs hatched by a following particulars, which are well au- thenticated by a friend of mine, ene I veracity no doubt need be entertained, Living at a farm-house, a considerable distance from any village, he trequently heard the note of a cuckoo that sat in the hedge near his barn-door. Curiosity induced him to examine the spot, and in a short time he found a hedge-sparrow’s nest, that appeared quite finished though empty. The next morning he found in iu a large egg, which he knew was not the bird’s that formed the nest. The three succeeding mornings he also visited the place, and found each day a small blue egg deposited. Soon after the sparrow sat, and after the usual time of incuba- tion, the large bird and the three small ones appeared, ahd all fed by the hedye- sparrow. Ina few days after he went as usual, and found the cuckoo very busily employed in killing the small birds, but at his appearance instantly took flight. However, determined to gratify his curio- sity, he went to the place and found the young sparrows destroyed, one of them Jying on the side ofthe nest, and the other two on the ground. About a weekvatter he procured a large wicker cage and se- cured the young cuckoo, placing itin the same hedge. It, is constantly attended by the sparrow,-and fed by her, though it will eat bread or eggs given by any of the family. Itis at this time a fine bird in full plumage, and appears at its full owth. ‘ Hinkley, Your's, &c. Aug. 26, 1808. AConstanr Reaper. ——__— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE appellation Watling-street, Mr. T Whitaker observes in his [istory of Manchester, “ has baffled the powers of etymology;” and the names which fol- low have also eluded the researches of etymologists. The word acha, written ake, ak, and ac; as in Achamannum, now Bath, in the Akemann strect, &c. is Gaelic fora mound, bank, border, ridge, &c.. The letters b, f, and m, were anciently written for each other. Fonn is Gaelic for land,’ which, as f was often pronounced as v, became vonn, and vonn as m with a point (im‘) was the Gaelic 2, became monn ; and this was written mon, man, and men: thus men meant land in the Menapii or Menavii,* of the Netherlands : mon and ** Men. av, means'the sea land, or land re- claimed from the ocean, or bordering on water, It must be observed: that a Gaelic word for land was often: their term for road or way. hus cosan is a foot path or way, in which cos is foot, and an a va- ration of en, land. | Ake in Akeman, means as beforementioned, the bank or ridge, and mann the road or way.—Again, arm, in Armin-street, implies in the Gae- lic, army ; and in, land, which is also the road or way. Settlements. were originally named from their situations, and long before towns were built. On the banks of the river formerly called the Ure, or Euor, (but now at the place here referred to, the Ouse) was Euor-ac, changed to Evor- ac, and Eber-ac :—a name which meant the Euor-norver settlement. The Ro- mans, to prevent the junction and clash- ing of vowels, often used b for wu; and hence their name Eborac in Eboracum. In like manner as Lasc,water, is chang= ed to Ose, or Osk, in the Oskol ; or to Ox, which the Saxons wrote for Osc, in Ox- ford ; so Ach, or Ac, border, is changed to Oc in various names. Thus Berr-oc, which the Saxons rightly wrote in Ber- roc-Scyre, is derived from Ber, Bir, or Biur, water, and Oc, border or territory ; and Biur-oc, to avoid a like junction of vowels, was by the Romans written Bi- broc ; andthe people of the territory (on both sides of the Thames, according to Lysons’s Britannia) were named from their situation, the Bibroci, or the Water- borderers. From not attending to the aboriginal mode of naming places, and explaining their appellations, our books of ancient history, and of local description, are inter- mixed with such ludicrous conceits, and misapplied remarks, that corrections une known to their writers are every where necessary to obtain truth. Quotations without number might be given to evince the reality of this, from authors who have + The ain this word is a contraction of au, little; thus the Avebeg, or little water, is named also the Mull-a. }{ This word implies the great land—or being an adgment, or variation of er, great. traced —_—" — ae Te 4 a) various ages, and deduced nations of like names from one another, where no com- munication ever took place, and where similar situetions only produced like de- nominations, Thus authors suppose the Bibroci of France to have come from the Continent originally in a body, and to have impart- ed their name to the lands on the Thames. In like manner the Hedui, the Cattle- Land inhabitants, or graziers, who pos- sessed the grazing parts of Somerset_and Gloucester shires, and whose name is de- rived from Ed, or Hed, cattle, and Du, Land, are also supposed to have come from. France; because a nation of such name was in early times found there, in a situation similar to this in England :-— “ But fathers of families were the first sovereigns, and the patriarchal was the most ancient form of government.”— Hence mankind must have originally migrated in families, and time and ne- cessity only, from the great numbers of these, formed nations. « The first inha- bitants coming thus, brought no national name, nor were denominations given to places in Britain but such as their natural situations implied. But our authors have brought all the British tribes from the Continent by nations, and have placed them in situations perfectly cor- responding to their old names, without duly examiing their import. _ But to return to this necessary digres- sion, the word Easc, water, was varied te Isc, in Isca-Silurum ; and Ac, border, was varied to Zc, in Badonica, a name for Bath, as well as other ancient appella- tons, Having then traced Ach, or Ac, bank, ridge, border, &c. to Oe and Ic, in the names of places, 1 shall next shew the derivation of the Iceni, or Ikeni. The Ikeni are known to have recover- ed much land from the sea by their em- bankments, and these with the lakes on their sides were the principal features of the flat part of their country. We have found that Ic may be varied from Ach, and may imply bank; and it will not be denied that it may also import Dike. En, in the word Iceni, is Gaelic for land; and the people of this district were most pro- bably bamed from the features of their country, situation, and improvements, Lhe Bank, or Dike-Landers. _ These people were also named Ceni- manni; which word is doubtless derived from Ken, or Cen, a variation of Con, a ; rel: Oe ee is 1808.) Names of Roads, erdéFioed from Celtic Roots. . i aes “dic _ traced the history of mankind through 215 lake; and mann, understood as before- mentioned, So that this nation were termed Dike-Landers, or Lake-Lunders, from their country abounding not only with dikes, but with lakes on their sides. These dikes and lakes extended over Cambridgeshire, and perhaps over part of Lincolnshire, as well as over parts of other districts; and as places took their names from their principal features, as well as from their situations, we may r'a~ tionally conclude that the Tkeni and Ce- nimanniare here justly rendered. From Can, a lake also, the proe nounced, as in other Gaelic words, ng, comes the name Canerr, Luke-Landers, of which so much has been confusedly ~ and falsely written in history, from net understanding the origin of the name. Without considering that ideas were originally collected from perceptions, and’ that a clear agreement was conveyed be- tween words and things, without appre= hending that old names of reads were descriptive of their coustructions, situa- tions, or uses; and that their appellations were chiefly common names; we have in these particulars laid no foundation for research, but have been lost in fanciful conjecture, and groundless assertion, Weare told by ald our authors, that the Icening-street means the road to the Iceni; and Dr. Plott discovering'an Ike- neld-street in Staffordshire, laboured to prove that the Ikeni inhabited that coun= ty also. _Just so are we informed that the Watling-street implies “ the road to Ireland,” as though we actually had # road which ran directly to that kingdom, Dr. Stukeley, in his Itinerary, indeed- goes further, and asserts’ that, “ it isi the: road to Rome.” “ For,” adds he, “ take aruler and layitupon a map of Europe, from Chester through Londonand Dover, and it will make a straight line with Rome.” In like manner the Akemann- street has been rendered “ the roud of the men: of Aches,’ because it led to Acha~ mannum, or Bath, We have several _Tkening-streets (as well as Watling-streets) in various parts! of the kingdom, and these names. obtain- ed’ also in roads not leading to the'Icent; but from authors taking for granted:that: the Icening-street meant the road. to: the. Iceni, variousiare the opinions, and) many are the: disquisitions, uporr the riyht and the wrong Icening-streets-; and: so agaitt’ of the Watling-streets. ¥ The Akemann and the Armin we have explained’; the Ikening we shall’ soon discover ring a discover to have been an ancient British common name for aroad. The Watling is confessedly a Roman work—a Road to their Conquests in Wales. The Ro- mans never attempted Ireland, and in their time it could not be ealled the Irish road. | In early times, when our vallies were overrun by rivers and swamps, and when their woods were the haunts of wild beasts, low lands were dangerous for tra- velling.. Hence our oldest roads, every where must have traversed the Aids or 216 Observations made highlands, avd were named the high ways.* The Icening-street being an old road,as much as possible avoided vallies, and, by frequently, making curves, kept on the tops or sides of hills. It is not an old raised road, but generally exhibits a flat, narrow tract. It therefore took not its name from its formation, as did the Akemann, but from its situation. The reader. may consult Messrs. Lysotis’s Britannia, which contains the Bishop of Cloyne’s Accurate Description of this Road. The Ikeneld, or Icening, is called also Tkning,Ikneld, and Axneld; and the name is said to be found in Acelton, Icalton, and Arcordon. It goes (says Dr. Stuke- ley) to Aigordon hill, north of Bridport ; and he conceives that it derives its name not from beginning, but. from ending at the Iceni. I shall make it appear that it is derived from neither. Ach, Ak, and Ac, are syllables which frequently denote hills, and various names of places iu this kingdom beginning with these, will, from their situations, decide this point. As g was anciently often changed to c, this syllable is, 1 conceive, derived from Aig/e, an hill,as in A1cordon beforementioned, and is often changed to Aiche,and Ach, in old names. Thus Blaighdon,: or Blaighdown, a range of hills in Somerset, &c. is also written more generally Blackdown, which implies hill- land ; Ton and Don, in all our old names implying land: ‘In Vallancey’s Tracts, Ing and Ning are said to import a corner: and in his Prospectus, “nis said to be a preposite, inserted euphoniously.” To the abbre- viation of the proper names, Edward, Oliver, Eleanor, &c. we also prefix x, to remove the open, slow, and weak ar- ticulation of words beginning with a vowel. In like manner, when words be- _® Hence our name bighways peshaps. Ri tse Tour in the sinning So as to fe more nec A.B. Your's, &c. — For the Monthly Magazine. OBSERVATIONS made during a TOUR through the UNITED STATES of AME- RICA.—NO, XXIII. ees in two preceeding Tet- ters narrated the circumstances which probably may interrupt our cor- respondence, I feel anxious to conclude the observations which occurred during my tour on the shores of Lake Erie, Nor would they have been so long de- ferred, had I been able to procure the numbers of your Magazine since the pub- lication of my second letter, which would have enabled me to escape repetitions I fear now unavoidable. This circumstance your readers will duly consider, and acceptasmy apology. ‘Therefore, before I proceed with my travelling remarks, I shall state, that since my last, two mid- shipmen and three sailors, who were sent from the Melampus frigate to procure water, at Lynnhaven Bay, have been made prisoners by the United States. The universal opinion is, that war is ine- vitable, or that nothing can prevent it but a signal victory over the Russians by Bo- naparte ; and I Mesitate not toadd, that if we are compelled into war with Great Britain, the necessity of the measure will be so fully admitted, that it is proba- ble the union of sentiment which exists on this subject, in these united repub- lics, was never on any occasion, in any nation, exceeded, probably in none ever equalled. The river Cayahoga is about forty yards wide one mile from its mouth, Just below which a sand bar obstructs its navigation: itis however thought that if a pier were run into the lake, that impedi- ment would be removed. The river itself ‘ is 2 1808.] Observations made during a Tour in the United States. 217° is deep enough for vessels of from 150 to 2008 tons burthen; its waters are very muddy, and filled with a variety of fish. Qne moroing Mr. Phelps, jun. and imy- self, walked to the mouth of the river, and saw a man catch vineteen fish by angling in something less than thirty mi- mutes. We purchased the whole for twenty-five cents ‘The smallest of them weighed about half a pound, many full two pounds each. The bluff of land on whica Cleveland stands runs into a point overlooking the mouth of the river, com- manding au extensive view of the lake, whose deeply indented clitfs are covered with timber of enormous growth, and from which the eye discerns several glit- tering cataracts descend in solitary tor- rents, and, crossing a fine silicious sandy beach, mix with tie waters of the lake, the navigation of which is rendered more pleasant in consequence of those waters being ever fresh, and in the hottest day of summer, when taken from a given depth, always cool and refreshing. On the 2d day of June all the persons delegated by the United States, the state of Connecticut, the Fire Company, and the Connecticut Land Company, who had not come on by land, arrived in the Cayahoga, in a handsoine vessel of about sixty tons, belonging to Judge Phelps. As this was the largest vessel that ever -entered that river, she was welcomed by many expressions of joy from the neigh- bours, who had collected to see her, and whom she saluted with two guns. ‘The great body of Indians were, however, yet wanted, and the party continued at Cleveland, We were all crowded into asmiall house, and badly enouzh accom- modated with hvuse and bed recom. Every thing else we had in profusion, Judge Phelps having brought great store of groceries, wines, acid for punch, &c. Whilstat Cleveland, [ had the honour of drawing blood from a description of men who unceasingly lavish oceans of this vi- tal fluid. Monarchs were my patieuts, Sir, who subinitted with appropriate dig- nity to an Operation they themselves pre- seribed, with a view to prevent some fu- ture malady, tather than for the cure of present disease; and the anticipated evil, it seems, was always best prevent- ed when the blood was drawn Nora the foot.’ One poor oid man, though 2 great chief, whose name I forget, was very ill, and { mention the case to commemorate the filial affection of his son, THis tent was on the west side, we resided on the east side, of the Cayahoga, I used to see the old man two, aud sometimes three times a day, and his son would be constantly running backwards and for- Monrury Mag, No. 176. wards, and with tears in his eyes, and the. most affectionate yestur@e, praying ins stant relief for his father, When with him, he would secure his father’s head on’ his lap, cover him with boughs, to keep off the sun, devise a thousand plans to pre- vent the flies from teazing him, give him nourishment and medicine with his own hands ;—in short, I cannot better exem- plity his character than by comparing it to Friday’s, in tobinson Crusoe. Fortu- nately, (for I felt myself much interested for the old chief) he soon recovered, and, in proof of his gratitude for my supposcd services, made me a present of a wild turkey, which, in the feathers, weizhed twenty-eight pounds. When at Cleve- land, [ also saw a case, in which the ig+ norant obstinacy of a mother had saved her son from death through the more culpable ignorance of his surgeon. The case was that of psoas abscess, which was advised to be opened, so as to discharge. the matter at once. This the mother would not assent to. A small depending opening was made by nature, whick slowly permitted the contents of the abe scess to be evacuated. ‘Considerable por tions of the bone had exfoliated when E saw it, which was about two years after the disease first attracted his mother’s attention. Ele was then recovering ape petite and health; yet a piece of bone was easily discoverable by the probe, al- though the patient was able to walk with eut crutches, Having escaped death by the doctor, I thought he then had Tittle to fear from the disease, and therefore boldly prognosticated a certain recovery. Those who are acquainted with the prac- tice of the late Mr. Justimond, will re- coliect that nature healed tlte above ex- actly in the manner he advised in cases of psoas abscess. " The genius of the Indians seems rather to enable them to carry to high degrees of perfection certain spe- cific objects, than to invent others, Their moccasons, which are made of deer skin, boiled in bear’s grease, aré neatly ornemented with the quills of the hedge-hog, more beautifuily dyed blue, red, and black, than can be done by the whites; nor will they divulge the secret. T saw also some very neat pocket-buoks. and other fancy articles, made with considere able elegance, and dyed with much taste, Chastity, IL should suspect, is not highly appreciated among the red people; for on one of my friends enguiriug of Captain John’s lady (dignified, I assure you, Sir, with a little squat carcase, ins clining to corpulency, having a head co- vered with long, uncombed, matted hair, shining with grease, and swarming with Ff vermin pf ave troy a a 218. Observations made during a Tour in the United Siatess [O8. 1, vermin, hep fpcainainteds or rather daub “, with blue, red, and yellow paint, My ilst her other beauties were attempted to be concealed by a piece of old blue loth, wrapped about her shoulders, and the remnant of a black petticoat descend- from her waist),-what family she had, A most egregiously mistook the quese tion, and first pointing to her month, and then to a bottle she had in her hand, re- peated the word whisky, burst into a harse-laugh, nodded significantly at an aqjolning wood, and strongly expressed r disposition to exchange ber favours far somue of that bewitching | liquor. With such bipeds one would think noman who ad ever associated with the civilized world would live; but all men do not partake of these feelings. With Captain john’s party came @ white man, who had much interest with the Pottawottamies. He was a native of Massachusetts, of a very respectable family of the name of Coffin; his brother being at that time a nator in the legislatuye, of that state, He said he had .accompanied Sir J. ackenzie on his, tour to the N.W. coast, and had since lived and been na- turalized, with the Indians, whose habits and manners he strictly, unitated., [He was a man of much strength of mind, but of the most. depraved and inamoral habits. Like the Indians, he yas often drunk, mixed in their uoisy revelries and drunken quarrels; but, ‘like them, was instantly silenced, al ad, seut to, his tent, by the order of that Indian whom, before the party began to drink, they had ap- pointed to euard them frum the evil con- sequences of ot their inebricty (and_ this man,'be he whom he might, never drank). Coffin had married a squaw, and was, when I saw. him, labouring, under a dis- ease of the jaw-bone, the effect ofa mus- ket ball, received.by him in a rencontre with,some Spaniards. The day after we met, he called me aside from my friends, desired me to examine his jaw, and with expressions stronger and more brutal, with oaths and imprecations more horris ble, than I ever before or since heard, told me he knew L could cure him, if I would, and plainly insinuated that if £ -would not, the object of our expedition should fail, and the whole party. be mur- dere. Ie was of too much consequence to-be despised ; and asia piece of the jaw was absolutely about to exfoliate, and therefore it was not improbable he would ‘soon be well, I gave him something, 1 forget. what, that cauld dono harm, nor probably aay,.good, boldly promised his recovery in abours!x weeks ; but asl did not stay with him! so long, Lam unable, to state my prophe uc _ pretensions. ; 4 This man’s physiognomy was rendered. a in bly disgusting by the i bageiahe: his ch and his voice material lly a cold by. in enlargement of the jaw, which had beew injured by the ball, The Indians we were with were fond of gymnastic exercises ; they frequently ran, races with the whites, hut were always ‘beaten when the race was short ; when it extended, say more than 2 or 300 yards, they were as inyariably conquerors. Their children were remarkably expert with the bow and arrow. Making a small slit in a cane, which we set upright in. the; ground, we irequently used to insert in it the sixteenth part of a dollar, which the eldest son of Standing Stone was to shoot ° vat,and generally struck it at the distance; of about fifteen yards, when it became hisown; his eye was so accurate, and his honesty so. exemplary, that when he displaced the silver by hitting the eane, so that we could not determine whether it or the silver received the blow, we used to leave it to his decision; nor do [, believe he ever claimed the rewe rard, when the silver itself was not struck, His bros, ther was equally expert at shorter dis- tances, as well, as several other Indian boys. The language. of the Indians is gut~ tural. It would seem as if they could not exert themselves to speak distinctly. Every few words terminated, with a. word: which comes as near to hough, as aspix rated as L can, spell it, aad seemed to be the counter-part of the inaspiras tion of ahog. At least such was. the, idea assigned to this pronunciation by my ear. Before I conclude these. straggling remarks, collected. in or, near) Cleve~ land, I, must inform you, that about, six miles therefrom lives Mr. Wiliams. He, was the first settler in the county, of Trumbull, into which he removed in July 1798, and fixed his. residence upwards of ninety miles trom the nearest. white, fay inily, His wife was then pregnant; he himself was compelled to leave. her, and navigate the lake as far as, Buffaloe Creck , in. the State of New. York, for fresh provisions. Returning. late in, Nos vember, he encountered.a severe storm and was driven far, from, his se ted port. Tis wife ‘supposed ‘that he had perished, and was, delivered early,in Des cember, in the midst. of this distress, ofa boy. She, however, gat through-her diflin culties, and her husband, atier sometime, returned in. tie, year 1800,, When the Reserve was divided, the proprietors sets tled 500 acres on the boy, as the first+ born of the NASPINeS he, however, did not live te enjoy ihe ere nov. do E think - i Z . woe. a7) iy hay its na elpnol Kk the gift was well appropriated ; it ougbt to have been given, to the wo- man, who so heroically endured so many thin evils. _, BR. Dinsmore, > : . 4 PMs esti tT pA | . To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, bur stB ao you can spare half a column of your _ extensively circulated Magazine for the insertion, of the following, you will considerably benefit a, benevolent object, and oblige a constant reader, __.) ... MR. CHARLES GRIGNION. The public will learn with pain, that this venerable artist, who may justly be | considered as the father of engraving in this, €yuntiy, has been reduced by. age and ipfirmicies to z situation of the great- est difficulty, Having for near seventy years devoted himself to the steady pur- suit, of his profession, his. eyes have at leugth failed him, and: at theage of ninety he is:compelled for ever to relinquish it, -In a nation abounding with wealth like Great Britain, itis deeply to be Jament- ed; that any man, who has passed throuzh life in an industrious and Jandable man- ner, should find the close of his last days embittered _by pecuniary. embarrass- ments; but it, would, be still, more. I~ mentable if an individual, who has giyen up the whole of his life to the cultiva- tion and. practice of an ingenions art, which he has never prostituted to un- worthy purposes, should be ultimately deserted by those whose taste he has con- tributed to form, and whose virtue: he has assisted to establish. 5 ; _ The chief employment of, Mr. Greg- nion has been the embellishment of books of amusement and instruction, The hu- Fle Addison, the sentimentiof Sterne,, the morality of Jobnson, are all indebted to bim for illustration and enforcement ; and those who know that the impressions made on the nund of youth by ideas re- ceived through the orgais of, vision, are at the least as. strong as those occasion-,, ed, by any other sense, will readily adit inflaence. which Mr. Grignion’s giaver must have possessed upon the, several generations to which its. effects have beén published, Mr. Grignion has a wife and a daugli-- ter, the latter nearly blind; they are tor, tally dependent,on him for support. A‘subseription for the parchasing of an, apnuity las commenced under very fa- vourable auspices; several artists, and kuow patrons of the arts, having already iberal contributions. No, large sum, will be required to save this venerable. \ man frou the extremity of his hard fate, 4 | ~ 4 Aare a) dry 4 STtSAN Xr Vueo's ‘a Appeal in favour of Mr.’ Grignion. OD 219 ii L en0ne”. A IG ; Os —he wants but little here below,” nor is it probable that, he wall **, want that little . long.” The gentlemen who have parti-.» cularly interested themselves in his, bee halt, feel confidept that the, generosity, if not the. justice of the public, will aid _ them in placing; him, in decent, comfort 5 for the few years that he has yet to lives . The principal subscribers at present. , are, the Earl of Carlisle, 20/.; J; Hope, esq. 102.; W. Lock, esq. 5/. 5s. ; John, Julius, 4 Angerstein, 5/,.5s.; Messrs:;Hoare and Co, 5/.;, Winter, esq. Bank, solicitor, 5/.. . and 1/. monthly ; besides numerous sub-. , scriptions of 1/. 4s, and upyler. if Should you, Siv,, wish ty be informed, of the particulars respecting Mr. Grig- nion, Mr. Johnson would, L.iavey no doubt, give you every information you™ could wish. Your's, &c. A CONSTANT READER, P. S, Subscriptions con:inue to be received by Messrs Hoare, bankers, Fleet-street 5 Messrs. Hammersley and Co. bankers, Pall- Mall ; Messrs. Rogersand Co bankers, Corns. hill; Mr. Jonnson, bookseller, St. Paul’s Church-yard ; Mr.. Richardson, No, 23,,Corn- hill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; Mr. Car- penter, Old Bond street; Mr. C. Cook, Pas * ternoster-row; Mr Richardson, No. 315 Strand; printseller; Mr.) W. Sharp, engraver, 50, Titchfield streets Mr. C.. Warren; ditéd, 17, St. Chad’s,row, | Grays inn: road; Mrayp Heath, ditto, Russell-place; and, Mr, John Hunt, Examiner-office, Beau/ort-buildings, Strand, ‘ 3 = PO sa fi bose To the Editor of the Monthly-Mugazine. SIR, pee ornare trie “HASTEN to give your Correspon- _ dent H,Q. (p. 154) all the informas. tion that I am able respecting the, times ; of arrival and departure, and other habits, of the swift. I have indeed been an, ate,.. tentive observer of the swallow tribe for. , several years past, and have observed, that, this species ' (hirundo apus) .usually,, ar=, , rives in the beginning of. May, and de- parts about the 10th or 1ith of Augist; , though I have sometimes seen one or two straggling birds of this species, for ay, few days aften that time. For several,. weeks previous to their departure. these. birds assemble together in great numbers, and svar toa vast height in the air, utter-_ ing at the same. time aloud shrill ery, ) whence in some parts of England, they, , are denominated sgueakers. Their place. , of destination when they leave their sum- _mer_haunts has never been clearly as-_ certained, though, it is generally beheved that the whole of this genus migrate into.» some warmer climate, as, they) have: been observed at the Cape of Good Hope, . 220 | Hope, in egypt, in Senegal, and in other tropical countries.* X Pérhaps the following notices of the first appearance of migratory birds in ths neighbourhood, Jast spring may not be unacceptable to H. O. April the 18th, The chimney swal- low, hirundo rustica, made its first appear= ance; but the species did not become pumerous until the second week in May. May 1. The martin, hirundo urbica, first appeared. May13. Theswift, hirundoapus, first appeared, which was rather later than ustal, The insertion of this in your useful miscellany will much oblige, Sir, Your's, &c. London, A NATURALIST. Septémber 2, 1808. . P.S. I shall feel myself much obliged to your Correspondent H. O. if he will nctice in your Magazine the first and latest ape pearance of the other species of swa low, (A. urhica and yustica), in the neighbourhood in which he lives. , a _. For the Monthly Magazine. ACCOUNT of RECENT TRAVELS in SPAIN, in which perticular AvTENTION was patd to the antrQurTres of that coun- tRY.—Continued from p. 26. ELNG at no great distance from Le- rida in Catalonia, Lresolved to visit that place, before turning towards the southern parts of Spain. Lerida, cele- brated in history under its anticul name Jlerda, as the scene of the masterly operations carried on by Cesar aguinsi Petreius and Afranius, who commanded ai ariny inthe interest of Pompey, du ring the civil wars of Rome: Lerida 1s situated in the western part of Catalonia near tothe borders of Arragon, upon the great road from Madrid into France,about twenty-two Spanish lJeayues, or above eighty English miles to the eastward of Saragossa, and 110 miles to the westward of Barcelona, Leaving Saragossa by the bridge over the Ebro, I turned down its left, or nor- thern bank for about half a league to the river Gallego, a rapid torrent coming down from the Pyretices, and at times co- véring a broad sandy bed. On it isa long wooden bridge in the neighbourhoud of the ruins of one of stone, which ex- tended across the whole channel. ‘The road for five leagues from Sara- SS * See Prosper Alpin. Bis. Akgypt. vol i p- 198. Herodotus, lib. ii. 22, and Adanson’s Voyage to Senegal. . Account of recent Travels in Spain. [Oct, 1, gossa leads down the vale of the Ebro, gradually narrowing as we proceed, being confined on the north side by ‘high precipices producing only rosemary, la- vender, box, and other odoriterous shrabs, the growth of similar dry tiacts of Jand. Vhe plain is fertile and well cultivated, covered with woods and vineyards, and well peopled, the inhabitants chietly oc- cupying a number of large villages. “At the end of the five leagues, the road quits the vale leading diagonaliy up through the precipices and hills on the lett; and after three leagues more, brings the tra- veller to a solitary house called La Venta de St. Lucia. The journey of the following day led through the villages of Bujaralos; at the distance of four leagues, Peiralba two, Candasnog two, to the Venta de Fraga, four leagues, The whole tract of country from the plain of the Ebro, is elevated, uneven, dry, and uncultivated. Round the vil- lages are a few spots under grain: but they afford only a poor recompence for the labour bestowed on them, This tract is also so destitute of water, that the inhabitants have no other supply but what 1s procured from tanks or pools, made to collect the rain; which, in this arid region,’ falls but seléom in the summer season, On the north side of this tract of county are ranges of bare mountains, the svuthern slopes of the Pyrenees; but on the suuth side clumps of trees intermixed sith patches of green pasture, aiford some - relief tu the eye. From the Venta to the town of Fraga, the road leads over a wide open level space, aud then down a long rapid de- scent for above two leagues. This level space is in general covered with esparto, (spur/um), furnishing materials for the in= du-try of the thinly scattered inhabitants, Fraga, by some supposed to have been called, in the time of tie Romans, Erga, and by others Flavia Gallica, is situated on the east bank of the river Cinca, the’ ancient Cinga, running in a southerly di- rection from the Pyrenees totheEbro. The river flows rapidly in a deep channel with high steep banks, particularly on the east side, where they rise up into a chain of low hills, between which and the river, thetown is placed. Fraga was formerly an important post; as lying on the fron- ders of Arragon and Catalonia, and com- manding a passage over the Cinca, 2 stream too considerable to be forded for many miles higher up: it was of course strongly fortified with a castle on a com- manding 1803.] manding eminence; but these works are now gone to decay. ' After rising up from Fraga, the road stretches for 2 couple of leagues across a tract of dry bare hills, with a few habita- tions in the bottoms, to the village of Al- caraz, where it descends into a rich and beautiful plain, well cultivared, pianted, and peopled, extending a great way to the northward along the west bank of the ri- ver Segre; which river soon reached, and travelling for three leagues more in this delicious tract arrived at Lerida, dis- tant five leagues from Fraga. erida is situated oo the slope and aJong the foot of asmaii insulated full, washed on the east side by the river Segre the antient Sicoris, over which isa stoue bridge, in length 400 feet, consisting of seven unequal arches, having been re- paired at various periods. The summit of the hill, which, although affording very little room, was probably the wh le space occupied by the antient Mlerda, is still covered with the old cathe- dral and other buildings, with fortifica- tions of different ages and modes of con- struction; aud it corresponds perfectly with the description given of it by Lucan in his Pharsalia, lib. 4 v. 11. Colle tumet modico, lenique excrevit in al- tum Pingue solum tumulo; super hunc fundata vetusta Surgit Herda manu: placidis prexlabitur undis Hesperios inter Sicoris non ultimus amnes, Saxeus ingenti quem pons amplectitur arcu, Hibernas passurus aquas In another passage (lib. 4. vy. 144) the poet stiles llerda as lofty in its situation; and so it is ii considered with respect to the plain extending to the south, west, and north, en its own side of the river, as well as tu the east on the opposite side: for alihough the sammit of the bill may not be elevated more than 350 feet above the river, yet for several wiles in all di- rections there is no ground of an equal elevation. _ The sides of this hill are on all parts steep, and on the northern parts inacces- sible; but on the south side the slope is the most gentle, so that it is occnpied by part of the present town: and from the middie of the west side, a spur projects into the plain, narrow towards the sum- mit of the hill but widening as it goes down, and of easier access than the neiph- bouring parts on either hand. This spar of the. hill is a characteristic feature of Uerda, as will appear from a e ! Account of recent Travels in Spain. 221 consideration of the account of Czsar’s operations at this place, contained in the Coinswentaries af the Civil Wars, begin- ning at cap. 37. Although the Segre in the neighbour- hood of Levida flows in general, as Lucan says, with a gentle suweam, because there it has extricated itself from the mountains, and has space to enlarge. its channel through the plain, yet it 1s subject to sud- den risings either after rains or the melting of the snows in the Pyrenees, where it has its sources. When Iwasat Lerida in the middle of October, the Segre was much swelled by the rains; and it fell above two feet perpendicular, in the two days I remained on its banks, Both above arid below Lerida, the ri- ver is divided into severai channels en- closing sandy islands, of which some are bare and others are covered with giass and bushes, but none of them safe trom occasional inundation, The body of water is much diminished inthe present times by drains opened fur the purposes of irrigation on each side, from the river itself, as well asfrom some tributary streams, particularly from one which falls into the Segre two leagues above Lerida. The drain or canal from this stream, the Noguera, is taken up six leagues from the town and carried along the side of the hills which bound the plaiu to the westward, and whichare washed on the opposite side by the Cinca already mentioned. The canal discharges itself into the Segre, tour leagues to the south- ward of Lerida: having at different points of its course collateral cuts to allow the water to go off, in order to be conducted round the fields and gardens with which the plain of Lerida is covered. This plain, or as it is called the huerta or garden of Lerida, is in general elevated 100 feet above the Segre, but varied by some flat emimences to the southward of Terida. One of these eminences is si- tuated about 500 yards from the foot of the bill of Lerida, its eastern base having probably once been washed by the Segre, although at present they are separated by a narrow slip of lowland, at times covered by the river. This eminence is much lower than the summit of the hill, being level and of a triangular shape, bounded by steep sides on the east and south; but the side facing nogth-west, sinks down with a gradual slope to the plain. About midway between this eminence and the hill of Lerida is a semicircular promontory of the great plain, advancing towards the Segre, but in fact more ele- vated : 202) watedthan the contiguous parts of the plain. When this is seen from the west- ward, ils projection gives it the appear ance of an elevation; and the Same effect’ is prdduced to the observer on ehe banks of, thesiver below. it, We are told in the Commentaries that on. his.arvival inthe plain of Lerida, and! joining his forces under C)Pabius, Cx- sav offered kattle to the troops under Pe- | tyeius and Afyanius'whe were posted on the eminence 1 have just described: But! thechemy declining to cone down to the plain, he withdrew and fortified a’ camp about G00" paces fionr their posi- tion. The level pround between tis eminence and the town of Lerida, Casat’ says; was about S00 paces, a distance eorresponding very accurately with that’ of 500' yards, which I estimated on the spot. In the midst of this level ground was. a gentle swelling (tuniu/us’ paullo editior ), which Cesar wished to’ occupy; by. which: step, he would cut. ofthe commanieation between the ene- my and the town, Tt has been already observed; thatthe round prowontory on the edge! of the plam would, to-an ol- server on the west side, particularly if wiewed: from: an elevatiun,, present the’ appearance-of an eminence. Cesar, might therefore naturally term it a’ tus mulus, alvhough it is in fact, level with, the rest-of the-piain. ' Tmattempting to seize this post, an ac’ tion commenced with the enerny, who, observing his motions and’ being nearer’ to the) spot, took posséssion of it belive Casar’s men got'to the spot. A lone contest with various success took place, which ended in that: party of the enemy being forced to’ retire under’ tlie walls of Bervida, whither they were followed by ebar’s troops, whu mounted by ‘a part, of the hill which ran out toa considerable Jength, but was narrow on the ridge, and the sides wereso abrupt, that neitlier in- fantry nor ‘cavalry could be brought up, to cover their Qanks. « This projecting and sloping ridge was most probably that part of the hilt of Lerida already desccibed as running out ke a spur ‘br couuterfort into the plain on the West side. _ Upon’ this spot therefore, a very obstinate contest hap- pened, which‘ended in bath parties with- drawing within their works; the enemy vet a little elated because they had been’ #ble to withstand all Cesar’s assauits, whilst his troops considered it Httic less their a victory to have majutained for: five bours together a close engagement > yh a gt “| a fa om Account of recent Travels tr Spain. x s Bie» [Oett, , wah th. with the enemy, who had the advantage” of the ground, and evén to have driven” thein within the cover of the town, i During these transactions at Lerida,. the Segre was so swelled by the melting, of the snows in the mountains, that the two bridges thrown over it by Fabius, were cArvied away, and all communica- tion with the eastern side of the river was cut off. Casar’s army was thus re=. duced to the greatest distress ; forth, the. space of thuty miles up the rivers Cinca, io antl! Sere fiom their conilax, neither o them could be passed; and the enemy had’ drawn together in Lerida all fe. corn aud other necessaries to be found in the environs. Casar attempted ta_ repzi' his temporary bridges over the Se- give, still swoln apd forious: but the ene- hides. In this way hé was enabled’to” rescue his Gallic friends, and to, procures considérable supphes for his army... But as it was tod. inconvenient to sub=* sist an army. by, such precarious, meansy Cesar resolved’ on a most extraordinary? measure; no less than to divert a part of the waters of the Segre, by cuttin trenches to the depth of thirty feet, into” which they might flow, and so produce, at least a temporary diminution of the , stream, which might allow him either,to . receive supplies with facility, or at once to remove his. army to the eastern side, of the river, where he should be at lie. berty to follow such operatiovs agamst the enemy as might be advisable. This, measure had been so: far carried on, that the waters of the Segre were lowered, enough to allow not only the cavalry but, even the infantry to pass in certain pla-, ces; when at the same time, one of the bridges was repaired, and a ford was; discovered ; and Czsar Jearned, that Pe-; treius and Afranius beginning now to, fear that they should in their turn be.cut, _ offfrom supplies, meditated an escapes from Lerida; in order to carry the war into the southern parts of Spam, where, they hoped “to find many mp ae ns 7. A tI 7 1808,] r* This information spurred on Cesar’s oops to redouble their exertions, until at last he was able to transport his whole army to the east bank of the Segre, and to follow the enemy who had abin- doned Lerida, and were, proceeding down along the river toa bridge they had prepared upon the Ebro, in the Petbutticod of a place not known called Octogesa. To follow Cxsar in all the steps. he took in this most able and instructive campaign, uptl without striking a-blow he compelled the enemy to lay down their arms and surrender at discretion ;—, to do this is not the purpose of this com- munication; L will therefore content my-, self with saying, that owing to the high state of cultivation which prevails all ever the plain of Lerida, no vestiges of the entrenchments of the rival armies are now to be seen 5 and that the east banks of the Segre, although now in general in pasturage, have in former times been, cultivated for some leagues below Leriday, so that it would require some time and, care to trace the operations of Cesar and his opponents ip, that, tract. My time was too limited to allow me to do much in this way: bat, it is not to be Supposed that, lower down,towards the. @itinescs of the Segre and the Ebro,, no remains of camps or entrenchments, should be discoverable; for there. the country is ragged and mountainous, and, works thrown up in such situations may, probably. still be easily traced: To return to the ditches or reservoirs, (iors) begun to be digged by Caesar, for drawing off the waters of the Segre, mo vestiges of such works have ever been observed in the situation where, they; ; popeey existed, It is.true,that above e ida, on the west side of the river, some, w marshy spots are found,; but whe- ther these haye been produced by Cessar’s orks, or whether his foss@ were intended to'draw the water into such natural de- ressions, these are.points, now nob to ascertained. — Many modes have. been suggested by mmentators for executing Czsar’s great rke for the above’ purpose; of these commentators it will bestlicient to men- tion two, thei firstis Le comte Turpin de Crissé, who soe time,agg published an edition, of Casar,in Latin and) French, with. some. very. extraordimary remarks illustrations. .of his own; the second , » Guise hard, known by the name of uintus Icilius, in his; Mémoines, Mili Gaines. “Uhis,tast anthory vi]idqa(tivin. bi ‘ ity a Account of recent Travels in Spain. 203 skill in languages and antiquities, as well as in the modern art of war, winch he had studied under Frederic of Prussia, the whole guided by great natural saga. city,) is the.best commentator ot) the au- tient military art, has written very sensié bly on the campaign of Lerida: but misled by defective maps of the country he has been drawn into several’ errors, which have been. adopted by M. dé + Crissé aud improved upon with a genius peculiar to himself; supposing the canal already mentioned which is drawn from the Noguera to be that river itself, and thus making Casar’s trenches convey the waters of the Segre into that stream, ¢ rejoin the Segre some leagues below Levida,whereas the Noguera falls into that river a couple of leagues above the town: The present town of Lerida consists of one narrow irregular street confined between the river and the hill, wp cha slopes of which run a few other streets: The summit of the hill is occupied’ by the remains! of @ palace of the’'kinys of Arragon, who were also masters of Cata= lonia. It) passed into the hands of tie Knights Templars; and partof itis now used as a powder magazine. On a level spot a little lower down stands! the® old cathedral’ with its tower, cloisters) Ke, of Gothic architecture, erected by ond of the Jamieses, kings of Arragon, of whore the first died in 1276, and’ the other ia 1327: Ih the cloigters’ is: @ ‘spacion¥ well; sunk it is said 360’ feet to-the levek of ttie Segre. This ancient edificewill} while it remains, be a formidable hval te the'néeweathedral in the lower town) eres ted before ‘that attention to parity in archie teetaral’ design’ which distingtisty most of the: date botldings ia Spain, had beew generally introduced. Te'only remains to be added that! frat the many revolutions undergone by! Led rida, no traces of the antient Tlerda’ cad : now. be’ discovered: some ‘monumental inseriptions however are still to be seen. and'coins are frequently: met! with’s ‘this being ‘one of the cities of Spain’ endowed by the Romans with’ the” privilége’ of coining money. Str of the coins’ of Uerda are of that very aritient sort which seem peculiar'to Suaiv, having on’ then characte’s? hitherto “unintelligible; ‘als thonvit bearing a strong‘ reseinblance’td the Phoenician ur Carthaginian. Having as’ fav as my’ tine ‘would’ allow satisfied my curivsity respecting Leriday Eretarned by thésame'roud’ to Saracnsyat ; és 5 f] to-prepere-for-my-—jonrney-to- Madrid (Losbe continued. For 24 For the Monthly Magazine. MANDEVILLE AND THE SEVARAMBIANS. ERHAPS your obliging Correspon- dent (No. 174, p. 17) will assist somewhat further in decyphering whether Mandeville reaily wrote the History of the Sevarambians. The early life of Mandeville is imper- fectiy known, The year and place of his birth are both unrecorded in the | more common biographical dictionaries. He graduated at Leyden in 1691, having chosen for the subject of his thesis a depraved chylification.* He is believed to have been employed by the ministers of William ILI. as an itinerant observer of the continent; and to have ultimately settled in London, under the patronage of his former employers, as a physician. In this capacity he made his debut by aprinting, in 1711, a treatise in dialogue, on Hypochondriac Diseases, ; Now the History of the Sevarambians, “although the second edition may be ‘phtly dated in 1716, was originally pub- “shed before the peace of Utrecht, which occurred in 1712, and while the war was in full activity, as the following passage of the preface shews:— It were theres fore to be wished that a bheppy peace would give princes leisure to think of things of this nature; and to endeavour at such laudable and useful discoveries of unknown regions, by which, without any great expence, they might procure an in- estimable advantage to the world, do ho- nour to their country, and acquire a ne- ver-dying fame. In short, if they would employ but a small part of their superflu- ous wealth for the maintenance of a set ef ingenious young men, and send them into foreign parts, to remark every thing worthy of observation, and make faitbful reports thereof, they would derive on themselves a solid glory, accompanied perhaps with other advantages sufficient to repay the cost of such an enterprize.” Mandeville might therefore still bea denizen of the continent, when the His- tory of the Sevarambians first came out. There are marks of its having been writ- ten by a physician, as in the discussion respecting a polygainy of husbands (part I.); bya sceptic about future existence (part IT. and part V.); and by an eager reader of Bayle (compare the words of the preface relative to Virgilius, bishop of ih oi with Bayle’s article): now these three features of mind belong to Mande- Deen a ee EE a a ae aT Ta al ‘ * De Chylosi vitiata. Mandeville and the Sesarambians. [Oct, t ville. They are not indeed very pecu- liar, A familiar knowledge of Holland and its colunies appears in the fabricated ship papers. ; = To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. - SIR, Vy ITHOUT calling in question the ~ veracity of your “ old Corres- nondent” respecting the creel practice all. ded to, IT am far from admitting. that cruelty is an innate principle in the human mind; because even those who practise it will generally disclaim the idea of being at the same time both the actor and the instigator, Ask the butcher why he slaughters an animal with so little remorse, and he wiil tell you that it is for the public benefit. Ask the soldier why in battle he destroys his fellow-creatures, and he will tell you that he must obey or- ders. Ask the hangman why he ties up the unfortunate malefactor with so much sang froid, and he will say that if he does not do it, another will, and why may not he earn an honest penny, as well as another. And I doubt not thatif the poulterer is asked why he “ plucks his fowls” before the spark of ife is extinct, he will answer that such is the daintiness and fastidiousxess of his fair customers, that if the smallest particle of the skin should be torn, the fow! would be deemed unworthy to appear on their tabie; and that if the unhappy bird should be suier- ed to grow cold before the operation of “ plucking” took place, such an accident might possibly happen. It is by no means my intentiou to vin- dicate the poulterer who may be guilty of so shameful a practice; on the contrary, he merits the deprecation of evéry feel- ing mind; but there certainly is a great degree of blame attaching to those of either sex who connive at, and ave in fact the very promoters and instigators of, such barbarous customs. Iam, Sir, Your's, &c. Woburn, Sept. 8, 1808. 3 a For the Monthiy Magazine. ; REMARKS on the POETIC ROMANCE OF MARMION. (Concluded from p. 102.) CANTO. IV. ARLY the next morning prepara- tions were made for the departure of Marmion and his retinue; but the steed of Marmion was, to the astonish- ment of all but Eustace, found dying 10 his stall, add ozer'mired. Marmion, howe : “omever, le ‘. oo $ Me 4 " move 1808.) ‘ever, passed this incident over without notice, and bid lis clarions sound to ‘horse-—the Palmer shewing forth the way. After travelling some space, they met issuing froma wood a gallant train op princely steeds; and a herald advan- ced with a message from the King of ‘Scotland, that jalthough he bad sworn ne- ver to knit faith with the King of England more, order was given to provide fic and fair lodging for Lord Marion, who was ’ conducted to Crichton Castle. Here the ambassador rested two days; anid to amuse Lord Marmion’s leisure, ihe Scot- tish herald, Lord Lyon, kmg at arms, took occasion, as they walked on the bat- tlements by the siowly fading light of evening, to relate a wondrous tale, serv- lug to prove that the embassy of Mar- mion would be unsuccessful, since a su- pematural interposition had failed to the resolution of the king.— .© James If. late King of Scotland, ‘had been deposed, and slain in battle by his _ rebellious subjects, under countenance of his sen, the king now reigning. ‘This ‘happened in the month of June; and ever since, the monarch had kept the an- shiversary of this disastrous event with every symptom of religious penitence. During the present year, the king had punctually observed all the accustumed ceremonies in the huly dome of St. Ca- therine, part of the palace of Linlithgow. Ov a sudden a ghostly wight stepped from the crowd, and, gliding stately up to the monarch, in a low and thrilling yoice warned the king to abstain from war, and jmimediately vanished,” _ Marmion changed colour at this re~ -cital, aud in his turn related to Lord Lyon his adventure at the inn; stating, “that in consequence of the st ory told by the host, of which, however, he made little account, he repaired at night to the camp upon the Wold, and blew his bugle horn, when, to his terror and amazement, he instantly viewed in the ring, © in form distinct of shape and hue, 2 mounted -ehampion rise.” In the furious course which they ran against each other, Mar- “mion’s charger fell. Phe spectre thrice * shook his paked sword over the head of Marmion, who, by the fight of the moon, discovered the vindictive face of one _ ghastly and grim, w hom he had mortally injured, and who was toug since number- ed with the dead. But on Marimion’s «praying to St. George for aid, the spec- tre plunged his sword in the she: uh, and mounting lightly on his courser, in a mo- nent vanished from his sight. Moysniyx Mac., No. 176, Remarks on the Poctic Romance of Marmion. 225 Daring the time thus passed by Lord Marmion at Crichton Castle, King James had been empioyed in marshalling bis forces; and orders now arrived tor the English ambassador to proceed to the Scottish camp. On the next morning the band set out on their way towards Edinburgh; till from the summit of a hill Marmion saw ip the plain below “ the vast array” of the Scottish sovereign—= the royal banner exbibitiug the sion ramped in gold, floating conspicuous in the milst of the host. Alter feasting their eyes with the glorious sight, aud listening with rapture to the sound “ of mingled trump and clarion loud,” they descended to the camp; and thus, withe out any occurrence either of good or all fortune, terminates the present Canto. The description, however, of the journey and the camp, furnishes some animated verses, of which the followmg may be adduced as a favourable specimen :— Fyrom -the Hebrides dark with rain To Eastern Lodon’s fertile plain, And from the Southern Redswire edge ‘Zo farthest Ros:e’s rocky ledge, From West to East, from South to North* Scotland sent all her warriors forth; Marmion might hear the mingled hum Of myriads up the mountain come; The horse’s tramp, and tingling clank, Where chiefs reviewed their vassal ranky And charger’s shrilling neigh 5 »And see the shifting lines advance, While frequent flaslied trem shield and lance The sun’s reflected ray. 6 BO ee” See Still on the spot Lord Marmion stayed, For fairer scene he nt’er surveyed. , When sated with the martial show Thet peopled ail the plain below, The wandering eye could o’er it go, And mark the-distant city glow With gloomy splendor red: For on the smoke-wreaths huge and slow. That round her sable turrets flo ‘The morning beams were slfed ; And tinged them with a lustre proud Like that which stréaks a thunder-cloud. Such dhaley grandeur clothed the height Where the huge castle holds its state 5 And all the steep slope down, Whuse ridgy back heaves tothe sky, Piled deep and massy ciose and high Mine owa romantic town, CANTO V, On deseending from the hills of Braid into the enemy’s camp, Lord Manion was ‘much astonished at the maguitude and martial appearance of the Scotrish army; aud the different bodies of which it composed are deseribed-in spi- tig nied 226 rited and picturesque language—the men at arms, the knights and squires, the burghers, the yeomen, the borderers, the highlanders, the islesmen. ¢¢ Much Marmion marvelled one small land Could marshal forth such various band.” After passing through the camp, where every civility and attention was paid to them, the English embassy at length reached the gate of the city, which was every where alive with martial show. The Lyon conducted Marmion to the Jodzing provided for him by order of the ' king; and after the hour of vespers, ac- companied the ambassador to the palace of Holyrood. The court of Scotland is then described, and the person of the king himself, with the principal features of his singular and romantic character, in a strain of gay and pleasing verse. James »is represented as giving a magnificent entertainment to his nobles previous to his joining the army. Margaret, his queen, however, was not present. She “in Lithgow’s bower all Jonely sat, and wept the weary hour.” In herroom and stead sat Dame Heron, the favourite of the king, who was detained at the Scot- tish court as a hostage for her lord. To her every eye and every car was turned, when after feigned hesitation she was persuaded to play a soft and lively air upon the harp, mingled with arch sim- plicity. ‘ ¢¢ The monarch o’er the Syrea hung, . And,beat the'measure as she sung.” On Marmion’s commission being at lensth presented to the king, he express- ed invdecided and disdainful terms. his rejection of the overture; and concluded by exclaiming, 6¢ Our full defiance, hate and scorn, Our herald has to Henry borne.” , Among the lords at court was the Earl of Angus, an ancient nobleman, who had been deeply engaged in the conspiracy against the late king, and who was re- girded upon that account with great jea- lousy by the present. On the approach of this chieftain, the monarch informed Marmion that he should, ull the return of the Scottish herald from England, re- side in Angus’s castle of Tantallon. «< Your host shall be the Douglas bold, A chief unlike his sires of old.” Yor as the king explains himself, ‘¢Fe loves his severciga to oppose, More than to face his country’s foes.’’ ‘Jae monarch farther declares ‘that a Remarks on the Poetic Romance of Marmion. 7 a me oan “ bevy” of holy virgins, the first prize of the war, shall be placed under Marmi- on’s protection. at Tantallon, and retura with him to their cloistered shades, <¢ And while they at Tantallon stay, Requiem for Cochran’s soul may say.” Cochran was the minion of the late monarch, «¢ And with the slaughtered favourite’s namey Across the monarch’s brow there came A cloud of ire, remorse, and shame.” A momentary burst of anger ensues between the king and Angus; this, hows ever, is soon followed by a reconciliation; but bis purpose in relation to the war, which Angus disapproved and condemn- ed, is fixed and immoveable— ‘* Laugh those that can, weep those that may, Thus did the fiery monarch say, Southward.1 march by break of day.” Tt will easily be anticipated that the holy maids captured by the Scottish gal- ley were the abbess and her train, on their return to Whitby. Previous to their setting out with Marmion for Tantallon, the abbess took an opportunity of warn- ing the Palmer by a scroll, that she had a secret of importance to disclose to him, and at night they privately met in a bal- cony before their lodging. In this inter- view the abbess communicated to the Palmer, i.e, to De Wilton himself, alk the particulars of Marmion’s treachery, perpetrated by the instrumentality of the wretched Constance. She at the same time delivered the papers into his hands, which proved the trath of the recital, and charged him to transmit them with cautious speed into the hands of Wolsey himself, that he might shew theta to the king. While strong emotion shook the ‘frame of De Wilton, a faint and shrilly sound, accompanied ‘by a preternatural appearance on the top of the High Cross of Edinburgh, alarmed and engrossed their attention. On its battled tower were seen phantoms with escutcheons and blazoned banners, and on a suddena thundering voige was heard, summoning a roll of names, of which the king him- self was first, to appear at the tribunal of the late monarch in forty days. During the consternation occasioned by this dreadful phenomenon, the abbess fell prone on her face, and the Palmer va- nished. Upon the succeeding day the court re- moved from the city to the camp; and the abbess, with her nuns, set off, in com- pany with Masmien and the Palmer, for Tantallon, bi “iy ag , iy Tantallon, under the charge of Angus, On their journey they paused awhile at a convent, the prioress of which courte- ously offered to entertain the abbess and her train till a bark could be prepared for their reception. This appears to have been a premeditated plot ; for when the abbess joyfully accepted the proposal, Fitz-Eustace declared, in the name of his lord, that Clara must proceed to ‘Tan- tallon. After much opposition on the part of the abbess and Clara, they were compelied to separate ; and at the dis- tance of three miles appeared in view the vast towers of the castle of ‘Tantal- lon, situated on 2 high rock, projecting into the ocean. Tiere they met with a fair reception from Lady Angus; and in a short time the tidings reached them, that King James had captured the for- tresses of Wark, Ford, and Norham, and that the Scottish host had taken post on an eminence, waiting the approach of Surrey and the English army: on which Lord Marmion, who had marked a great and recent abatement of civility on the part of Angus, bade his band to prepare for their departure at the dawn of day, being resolved not to absent himself from the bloody battle now in all probability soon to be fought. A very large part of this Canto is em- ployed in describing, and it must be al- lowed that the descriptions are lively and’ animated, the progress of the ambassa- dor, the martial array of the Scottish ar-- miy, the magnificent appearance of the metropolis, and the splendid gaieties of the court. But the question forces itself upon us, what has all this to do with the proper subject of the poem? Towards the end of the Cante, indeed, the fable proceeds, butat the expence of congruity and probability. Neitherthe Palmer nor Clara could have any possible occasion to travel into Scotland, had it not been necessary for the purposes of the poet (whose plot, such as it is, now hastens to its catastrophe), that they should meet there. And they are brought together in amanner the most forced, «and by con- trivances the most clumsy and inarti- ficial. ~The poetry of this Canto is, upon the whole, extremely pleasing; and the vision, or preternatural phenomenon displaying itself from the High Cross, is a grand, sublime, and singularly striking fiction. ) CANTO Vi. During the compulsive sojourn of Clara at Tantallon, 1808.] ‘Remarks on the Poetic Romance of Marmion. ze, ¢¢ Where all in high baronial pride, Led lives both dull ane dignified;” she occupied a large portion of ber time with daily walking round the em- battled walls of the castle, which on the eastern side hung over the sea, the waves beating against the foot of the rock ata vast distance below. One evening taking thus. her round, and musing upon her sorrows, she saw to her astonishment, lying in her path, a complete suit of armour, the breast-plate pierced. This brought to her _remem- brance the fate of De Wilton, and exe cited the following apostrophe :-— ge Oh, not corslet’s ward, Not truth as diamond pure and hard, Could be thy manly bosom’s guard | On yon disastrous day.” On raising her mournful eyes froma the ground, ? <¢ Wilton himself before her stood.” The scene which passed between therm the poet declines even attempring to dey scribe. But we learn from the narrative of De Wilton’s adventures, that soon af- ter the day of his disastrous combat with Marmion, he quitted his native land, and, arrayed in Palmer’s® weeds, went upbdn many a pilgrimage; while vulgar fame reperted that he had perished of his wound. Inthe course of his peregrina- tions he had taken bis route to Scotland, and by what he justly styles ‘a chance’ most wondrous,” he. became Marmion’s guide to Edinburgh. De Wilton then related the adventure of the hostel, and his single combat with Marmion, whose life he forebore to sacri- fice, in consequence of a strange vow which he had made, to spare his deadliest. enemy when in his power. He stated the delivery of the pacquet to him by the abbess; and also that he had in confi- dence disclosed the whole of his story to Angus, who had furnished hin with the suit of armour which now lay before him, and which, according to the law of chi- valry, he watched ull midnight, when Angus’ would again restore him to the dignity of knighthood, which he had lost; after which he meant to join the camp of Surrey. The ceremony being performed, on the next morning De Wilton sallied forth. Marmion also, now fully prepared for his journey, stopped only in courtesy to bid adieu to his host, offering, in token of friendship, bis hand to Angus, who in scorn refused to receive it. After some rough altercation, Marmion precipitately rode 228 sode off, his steed flying along the diaw- bridge just as it trembled on the rise. ‘On reaching the neighbouring hoights of Stanridge, Marmion made enyul- ry what was become of the Palmer? Jo which Blount and Fitz-Eustace re- plied, that he parted at the peep of day upon the earl’s favorite steed in bright armor. Ou this a sudden light broke on Marmion, who now comprehended that the Palmer was no other than De Wilton himself; that he had told his tale to Angus, and that this accounted for the gloom which hung over the earl’s rugged brow. Stung with these thoughts, Marmion travelled onwards to the Con- vent of Lennel, on the banks of the Tweed, where he and his train were hos- pitably entertained; and from the tower of the monastery, he next morning view ed the Scottish power encamped on Flod- den edge; and by their movements he guessed that the enemy was in view. Aud soon he saw the English host pour- ing duwn the side of the rocky valley, where fows the sullen Vill; and rising froin the. dim-wood glen, pressing on their ceaseless march to gain the oppo- site ascent. Here the poet hieaks out jnto a most animated exclamation : 6 And why stands Sco land idly now Dark Flodden! on thy airy brow, Since England gains the pass the while ? And struggles through the deep defite. What checks the fiery soul of James? Why sis that champion oj the aanics Inactive on his steed ? And sees between him and his land, Between him and ! weed’s southern strand His host Lord Surrey Teao ? What vals the vain knight errants brand ? O Douglas, tor thy leading wand ! Bierce Randolph, for thy speed ! © for one hour of Wallace wight, Or well skilled Bruce. to rule the fight, And cry ¢ Sta Andrew and cur right be Another sight hed seen that morn, From Fate’s dark book a leat been torne And Flodden tad been Bannock bourne ” Bidding a parting adieu to the Abbot of Lenvel, Marmion, with Clara, and his whole gallant traiz, crossed the Tweed, at the dangerous ford of Leat ; Fitz- Eustace bolding Clara on her horse ‘while old Hubert Jed her rein; and at Jength jomed the bands of Lord Surrey, on the southern banks of the river, The English commander hailed the ap- proach of the brave Marmion with rap- ture, and placed him agrecably to his wishes in the front of the battle, while Blount and Fiz-bustace, with a party of areliers, femained as a guard to Clara Remarks on the Poetic Romance of Marmion. Wy Te seeeet ee 1 Ay ee Oe iy a . [O Se . is f j ; @ nn. 4 7 ” in the rear of the army. Ona sudden the Scots were seen to fire their tents, and to march swiftly down the hill to, the attack, and the two armies soon alter closed with fury, enveloped in clouds of smoke and dust, and sending, forth frightful shouts and yells, A most spirited description of the ene gagement ensues somewhat perhaps too, diffuse, and affording, like most other descriptions of the same kind, few dis-, tinct images. Blount, unable to contain his martial ardor, rashed into the fight; and, Fitz-Eustace, seeing Marmion’s steed flying by them without his rider, his housing and saddle bloody red, followed the example of his companion; and Clara was in that dreadful hour left des- titute of protection, At length she saw two horsemen drenched in gore bearing along a knight desperately wounded, who ona nearer view appeared to be Marmion himself. Ou taking off his casque he seemed momentarily to revive, and in a petemptory tone ordered all his attendants to depart and leave hia alone to die, Clara who had withdrawn. from this horrid spectacle, was moved to compassion, on hearing Marmion mur- mur out the words «Is there nore to bring One cup of water from the spring, To slake my dying thirst 1” The ensuing stanza is eminently beaus tiful s— , <¢Q woman! inour hours of ease Uncertain, coy, and hard to please, and v-riable as the shade By the light quivring aspen made. When pain and anguish wring the brow A miniscering angel thou !—- Scarce were the piteous accents said When, with the Baron’s casque, the maid To the nigh streamlet ran 5 Forgot were hatrtd, wrongs and fears, The plaintive voice alone she hears, Sees but the dying man.” On ber return with the water, she dis- covered a smonk supporting the bead of Marmion, and, after drinking deep of the water, he recovered so far as to re cognize the person of Clara, and a cons; versation scene ensues, in which Mar- mion Jearns for the first time the terris fic fate of Constance, and he finally ex- pires in all the agonies of remorse. The batles till raging, the monk bore off the , lady to the chapel of Tilmouth on the Vuced. At length, chiefly through the herv:e exertions of De Wilton, a com- plete victory is gained by the English ; the King of Scotland, and the peda Ss a 1808.] his nobles and warriors falling on that ‘memorable day— *€ Trauiuon, legend, tune, and song, Shali many an age that wail proiong 5 Still rom the sie the son shali hear Oi the stern strive, and carnage drear, ~ O; viodden’s fatal held; Where shiverea was fair scotland’s speary And vioxen was her snieid “ The story, as the poet observes, is now’ at an end, ior he would disdain to write fur that’ dull elt”, who caunot image to his own mind, that ‘alter the figut of Flodden, De Wiltou’s taith was made plain, that’ he recovered bis rank, bis reputation, and his land; and that March3, Beilis.—Daisy. Marcel: 12, Corylus.—fasel nut-tree, March 16, Senecio vulgaris, —Common groundsel. March 22, Primula vulgaris.—Common Pritirose, ‘March —Lamium purpureum.—Red archangel. “April 7, Ficaria verna.—Pilewort. Apt 9, Viola odorata,—Sweet violet, Uncommon lateness of last Soring. ‘middle of the forehead, 229 Ape 9, Veronica hederifolia.—Ivy- leaved dspeedwell. April 11, Anemone nemorosa. —Wood avemone, Apri 14, Leontodontaraxacum.—Come mon dandelion, April 14, Tussilago farfara. —Coltfoot. April 19, Glechoma.—Ground Ivy. April 20, Mercuri: alis perennis.—Peren- nial mercury, April 23; archangel. April 30, Tussilago petasites. terbur, These are all the British plants I dis-’ covered, a smaller number thanI ever recollect, within the time specified The’ plants which were observed iu flower in tle month of January 1806, were far. more numerous than ‘in, the first four months of the prescott year, which shews the uncommon variations of the seasons. to which this country is liable,” I have no doubt that the state of vegetatiun was’ forwarder, the last spring, in the southern parts of the Kingdom, as [ tind from your’ Naturalist’s Report, that many plauts are usually in flower in Hampshire, from whence it is dated, two-or three weeks earlier than in the vicinity of ‘this place,’ which may be attributed to the difference of elevation and of soil as well as of la- titude. Were a list of the plants in flower in the early part of the year, pub-' lished annually, with the day when tirst. observed, it would form perhaps a better rule of comparing the ftorwardness or backwardness of the seasons in diiferent years, than any other, supposing it to be made from the same or a similar situation, Your's, &c. Duventry, September 7, 1808. P.S. Imyour Naturalist’s Report for March last, there is a mistake, the Fragaria sterilig: is there called, Fragaria wesea. Lamium album,—White But- G. Watson. a For the Monthly Magazine. An arremprT to explain the monstrous: FIGURES upon the FRIZES in ANGLO-, SAXON CHURCHES, Wc, NE of the most remarkable sees cinens of this kind of exhibinon is the north front of Adderbury clrarch in Oxfordshire, engraved in Mr. Grose’s Antiquities of Eng sland and Wales, voli. p. 112. the thid figure in the front (upper rew) is a head with only an eye in the T shalt not quote any authority for a fact so well known 230 Figures on the Frizes in Anglo-Saxon Churches. [Oct. Ay ‘known, as the story of Polyphemus, the the tambourin, shawm, and a kind of lurge fiddle applied to ihe side of the face,, wilh a bow, that instrument being much, Cyclops, Pliny’s stories, &c. The fourth figure is a double head male and female; old and young. It is. certainly not a Janus. I believe it to be a2 personification of Summer and Win. ter: or of day and night: most proba- bly the latter. The seasons have been personified trom tne earliest aras to the fourteenth century ;* and ina very singu- lar achievement of Le SeneschaldeBurtcn, Seneschul of Bourdeaur, temp. Ric. Ut is a representation of Day and Night, in which the former is depicted as a young man, the latter as old; it being an anci- ent opinion that night was older than day, and of course the oldest of all things, Then follow several monsters, a human head with the breasts of a woman, and the double body of a fish, the tail in each hand; ahead covered with a skin, the feet hanging down; a monster with the head of an animal at one end, and that of a bird at the other; a squinting vizor; another with ears, &c. Besides these are several figures, playing upon musical uistruments. All these figures appear to me, to admit of the most decisive application. In the games of the heathens upon the feasts of the calends of January, it was the custom to assume the forms of beasts, cattle, monsters, &c. a practice, which still obtains in the north under the name of goose-duncing. ‘These practices, how- ever reprobated in several councils, con- tinued among the christians; and even in the mummings of far later wras, we find that persons disguised themselves like bears and unicorns. Sce Du Cange, Gloss. wv. GCeraula, Kalende. Antig. Vulgar. Strutt’s Gliggamena 261. of Mummings, 189, 90. There cannot be a doubt, I think, that some of the figures refer to these sports, or to the pastimes of the Gleemen, of which next. That they appear upon churches is not extraordinary, for even to Stubbe’s time, the herds of the May played the most indecent pranks in the church. The passage from his Anatomy of Abuses has been often quoted. Besides these are several figures. play- ing upon several musical instruments, as *See Montiaucon L. Antig. expliq. Sup- plem. vol. i. b. i, c. 11. Strutt’s Dresses, vo}. ii. p) Ixix. Engraved at the end of Betham’s Baro- netage, vol. iv. more ancient than Sir Richard Hoare has made it, Gerald. Cambrens. 1. p. 297- On the figures to be seen in the French Church at Canterbury, we have (inter alia)/T. A man riding on another’s. head, supporting a bowl in one hand, and a fish in\anotber. IL. An ass playing on a violin, a goat riding and blowing a pipe; a monster playing upon the harp, ec. See the Antiquarian Repertory, i.57. T trust that I shall make it satisfactorily appear, that these figures refer to the Anglo-Saxon gleemen, the predecessors of minstrels and jugglers. In plate 19 of Strutt’s Gliggamena, we havea girl dang. cing upon the shoulders of a jester, who at the same time plays upon the bagpipe and walks; and we tind ( Antig. Repert. . i, 120) that it was a sport, to throw; up a cup, three or four times, and every time to catch it upon astump. These passages come near to the figure marked I, As to No, IL. we hear in the Specta- tor of a hare beating a drum, and in the wood cuts of Mygidit Betshrugié Opusculum de centesima Usurd, 4to. Paris, 1522, fol. vii. we have an initial of a pig playing upon a bag-pipe. It would be useless to quote more mstances, but whoever examines these capitals, and compares them with Strutt’s accounts hy , his Sports and Pastimes of the ancient Jesters; aud Professor Beckmaun’s Paper on Jugglers, in his History of Inventions, © neither of them scarce books, will, it is. conceived, see that these monsters in many instances, represent the disguises, tricks, and sports of the Anglo-Saxon_ gleemen There > other capitals helonging to neither of the above descriptions. I mean such as ocenr in the crypt of St. Peter's, Oxford. engraved in Lelandi Col- lectanea, i. pref. xxviii, From the studded lines down the bodies, they appear to be of that grotesque fashion, which we | know has prevailed from the most ancient to the present zra in mouldings. It has been often conceived that coarsee ness or delicacy are characteristics of general manners and periods. So far as Jaws and an established system of arti- ficial manners prevail, the position may , -be wue; but, whoever has visited convie vial meetings of the present day, where the society is not vulgar, whoever sees the filthy inscriptions upon walls, &c. will be convinced that it is no test what- ever a * ly Wier at ; -1808.] Mr. Elmes, on the State of the Fine Arts in France. 231 , ever of the manners of an age. The Phallus was a common representation in the most refined periods of Greece and Rome, though Propertius (L. il. ad, eandem) reproves that shameless inde- licacy, even in the fair sex, of which Boissard, (Antiq. Romanar. iii. pl. 75,) has engraved a striking specimen, In the Glossurium Miro Barbarum of Rigaltius, some initial letters, p. 47, refer to the most detestable species of libidinous indulgence; and in the fron- tispiece of the Portiforiwn secundum usum Sarum, printed by Grafton in 1540, are naked females with the nudities mar- ked! This in a prayer-book ! Coarseness or refinement of this kind may mark individuals or particular classes of society; but it is contrary to experience to say, that they exhibit the manners of an age. Tt would be full as well however to dis- _ pense with Adam and Eve on signs, which inight be easily done, by the ma- gistrates refusing to license the houses with such a distinction, _ Ishould not have published this, had IT thought any explanation had been . before given; according to my knowledge it is a desideratum. F, DF. : Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, T appears from the public papers, that several persons have lately exposed their wives for sale, with a halter, in Smithfield market; I shall esteem ita favour if any of your correspondents can inform me, through the medium of your excellent miscellany, of the origin of that ‘absurd custom, on the illegality of which, —. Ithink there can be but one opinion, Toddington, Your's, &c. July 27, 1308. “te iach Je Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, URING the present state of sus- pension from every species of in- formation from our continental neigh- _bours, unexampled in modern history; every glimpse through the haze of insu~ lated restriction ts yoraciously caught at; and transactions, however trifling in + themselves, are now worthy of detail. hrough the means of a friend, some very bate accounts of the principal institutions for the encouragement of the fine arts in Paris, liave reached mec, and from the fame source I amin coustaut expectation & of some valuable papers and essays on art lately introduced to the scavans of Paris, as well as some curiovs “ on dits,” and transactions of the principal bodies of artists in that city, which shall not fail from time to time to be communicated by me to the public, through your valu- able pages. Therefore, in pursuance of this plan, I have selected from a minute aud elaborately detailed account of that celebrated society, the NATIONAL INSTI- TUTE OF SCIENCES, LETTERS, and arts, such parts as relate to the class of the fine arts, with such other preliminary in- formation relative to the other classes, as will best serve to explain this. This institution embraces and belongs to the whole French empire, itis stationed at Paris, and is destined (so says their programme) to improve and perfect the arts and sciences by uninterrupted re- searches through their whole circle, by the publication of discourses on every subject connected with them, by corre- spondence with learned natives and fo- reign societies, and by every means that may tend to forward these important views, They are also to forward in obe- dience to the laws and declarations of their government such scientific and li-- terary works that have for their object general utility,'and the glory of France. It is divided into four classes, viz. First Class.—Physics aud _the mathe- matics, Second ditto.—The French literature and language. Third ditto.—History and ancient lie terature. Fourth ditto, —The fine arts. _The first class is divided into eleven divisions, these divisions are composed and divided in the following manner. Mathematical Sciences.—Geometry, six members; mechanics, six; astronomy, sixs geography and navigation, three; physics in yeneral, six. _Physicel—Chemistry, six members ; mineralogy,six; botany, six; rural econe- mics and the veterinary art, six; anatomy and zoology, six; physics and surgery six. ‘This class nominates, (subject to the Emperor’s approbation,) two perpe- tual secretaries,one for the mathematical and the other for the physical sciences, The perpetual secretaries are to be an counted only as general members of the class, but aot of any division, The first class are. perinitted to elect six of its members into the other classes af the Institute; it can also nominate 9’ hundred hundred correspondents selected from learned men, natives or foreigners, » The second class is composed of forty meinbers, and in some degree corre- sponds with the ci-devant Vrench acade- my. It is particularly intrusted and ‘charged with the completion of the French dictionary, and to examine in “relation to their language, such impor- tant works in literature, history, and the sciences, as, merit their attention, It “nominates of itsel!, and subject to the approbation of the Emperor a perpetual secretary, who still continues to make a part of the forty members of which this class is composed. They are*allowed to “elect twelve of their members into those of the other classes of the Institute. The third class is*composed of “forty members, and eight foreign associates. The learned languages, antiquities, mo- numents, history, the moral and political ‘sciences, in their relation to history, are the objects of its researches ; it eudca- vours particularly to enrich French lite- rature, from the works of such Greek, Latin, and Oriental authors, that have not yet been translated. ‘Lhe members are charged with the continuation of a col- lection of diplomatic papers, facts, &c. A perpetual secretary is nominated in the same manner as in the other classes, and among other privileges, nine of the “members of this class, named by them- gelves, are qualified to sit as members of ‘the other classes of*the Institute; they can also nominate and appoint sixty cor~ “respondents, natives or foreigners. The fourth class, on that of the fine arts, which will particularly demand our attention, is composed of — twenty- “eight members and eight foreign asso- ciates, Jt is composed and subdivided ‘in the following manner: ~~ Painting, six members; sculpture, six members; architecture, six members; engraving, three members; musical coim- position, three members. ; This class nominates, subject to the Emperor’s approbation, a perpetual se- cretary; six of its mentbers may be elected ‘fro the’other class; and it is allowed to “nominate thirty-six corresponding mem- bers from natives abseut from Paris, or foreigners. ‘The foreign associates have “a deliberative voice only for the objects of science, literature, and the arts. The foreign members of the Institute ~ ‘form a part of the or@ hundred and ninety-six correspondents, attached to the classes of the sciences, literature and £32) Afr, E’mes, on the State of the Fine Arts in France. rOct. 1 ’ —=° rr - the fine arts. The correspondents ate not to assume the title of members of the Institute, and they lose that of correspon- dents, during the time of their residence at Paris, The nominations to vacant places is made. by each of the classes where the place is just vacant; the election to be confirmed by the Emperor. ; The members of the four classes have the right to assist reciprocally in the particular places of each, to the read- ing or lectures when they are requested. The body of the Institute unite four times in the year to give an account of their works. i They elect, in common the librarian, and sub-librarian of the Institute, like- wise all the agents and officers that be- long to the Institute. Each class holds every year a public meeting, at which the three others assist. There is, for the Institute in general, a committee, composed of five mem- bers, two of the first class, and one from each of the other three, named by their respective classes. Tiis committee regulates, during the general meetings, all that relates to the administvation ; to the general expences of the Institute, and to the division of the funds between the four classes. Each class afterwards regulates the employ of the funds that are ass gned to it for its expences, as all that relates to the printing and publication of its me- moirs, &e, Every year each class distributes pri- zes; the number and value of which are regulated in, the following manner: The first class, a prize of three thou- sand francs: the second and third, each a prize of one thousand five hun- dred ditto: and the fourth class, gratid prizes in painting, sculpture, architec- ture, and musical composition. “Those who have had one of these grand pri- zes are sent to Rome, and maintained at the public expence. I have been favoured with the names of the associates and correspondents of each class; but as our observations ave concentrating towards the arts alone, IT shall not occupy more of your valuable pages in detailing any other lists than that ofthe fourth class, which is as follows: FOURTH CLASS=—FINE ARTS, ‘ First Division, Painting —David, Van- Spaendonck, Vien, Vincent, Regnauit, Taunay, Denon, Visconti. ; ” Second Division, Sculpiure —Paregou, Houden, ‘ie 1808.] Mr. Elmes, on the State of the Fine Aris in France. 233 Houdon, Chaudet. Third Division, Architecture.—Gon- doin, Peyre, Raymond, Dufourny, Chal- grin, Heurtier. q Fourth Division, Engraving.—Bervic, _ Jeuffroy, Duvivier. Fifth Division, Musical Composition. Moitte, Roland, Dejoux, —Méhul, Gossec, Grétry, Monvel, Grandmenil; Le Breton, perpetual Secre- tary. ; The foreign associates of the fourth class are, Canova at Rome, Appiani at Milan; Raffaelle Morghen, at Florence; Sergell, at Stockholm; Ben. West, at London; Haydn, at Vienna; Marvuglia, | at Palermo; Salieai, at Vienna. The correspondents at different places are, Lacour, at Bordeaux; Lens, sen. Bruxelles; Bardin, Orleans; Prudhon, Dijon; Geroust, Lunéville; Boichot, Autun; Van-Poucke, Ghent; Chinard, Lyon; Blaise, Poissy; Renaud, Mar- Seilles; Combes, Bordeaux; Crucy, Nantes; Foucherot, Tonnerre; Beck, ‘Bordeaux; Moreau, Liege; | Caillot, S. Germain; Blaze, Cavallon’; Mauduit- - ILarive, at Montlignon; Bonnet-Beauval, at Bouriconne les Bains; Carelli, Naples; Dagincour, Rome; Reichardt, Berlin; Framery, Vaugerard; Suvée, . Rome; Sainte-Ourse, at Geneva; Boissien, Ly- ons; Porporati, Turin; Réga, Naples; Fabre, Florence; Zingarelli, Rome; De Rossi, Rome; O Megank, Antwerp ; Ta- gliasichi, Genoa; Rosaspina, Bologna; ‘Lepecheux, Turin; Miot, Naples. ‘ Besides this class at the Institution, the next principal auxiliaries in the cause of " the Fine Arts are the Special Schools of the Fine Arts of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, the late royal, acade- mies established at Paris, 1648. ____ Thelessons are given at the Palace of the Pine Arts, formerly the College des Quatre Nations. mY The principal superintending professors __are, Messrs, Vien (painter), senator and he member of the Institute ; Panjou, sculp- tor, member of the Institute; Gois (sculptor). i . Professors or Teachers. Lagrenée, % junior (painter); Ménageot, (painter); Suave (painter), director of the French _ school at Rome ; Lecomte (sculptor), ad- _ministrator; Vincent(painter), member of the Institute; Houdon, sculptor, and oh al of the Institute ; Boozot, (sculp- __ tor). "Assistant Professors —Regnault, (pain- -__ ter,) member of the Institute; Dejoux, _. Mowrary Mac., No, 176, ‘oa | 4 (sculptor) member of the Institute ; Barthellemy, (painter). Professor of Perspective—M, De- machy, (painter.) Professor of Anatomy.—M. Sué (phys sician of the hospital of the imperial guard. M. Renou (painter), resident’ in- spector; and secretary; M. Meriée, (painter), assistant secretary of the schools of painting and sculpture, M. Philipault, inspecting housekeeper , of the school of painting and sculpture ; M, Mouret, ditto. of the hail of study of the antique and anatomy. School of Architecture-—M. Dufourny, professor, member of the Institute, di- recteur, couservateur of the gallery of architecture, gives public lessons on the history and theory of the art on Satur- day in each week, from one till two every day at the School of Architecture, and receives at his house from ten till two, such pupils as wish to consult him; and every month he proposes a subject in architecture,of which the prize is amedal. Stereotomy. and Construction, —= M. Rondelet, professor, gives his lessons at the late College des Quatre Nations, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, every week, at six in the evening; his practical and theoretical lessons combine all the parts of the art of bujlding, such as masonry, hewing, carpentry, &c. - M. Colombe is at present keeper of the school of ar- chitecture, Gratuitous School of Drawing.—This establishment was founded by M. Bache- . lier, member of the late academy of pain- ting, is open since 1766, for the admission of one thousand five hundred students, intended for mechanical professions. They are taught, Monday and Friday, every week, practical geometry, calculation, hewing of stone, perspective,architecture, and measuring; on Tuesdays and Fridays, human figures and animals; on Wednes- days and Saturdays, flowers and orna- ments. ‘ ( i Too much cannot be said in praise of | such a gratuitousschool of drawing. The benefits that the inferior branches of practical builders would derive from such an establishment in this metropolis, must come home to the breast of every archi- tect, who has had the trouble of explain= ing his plans to workmen, and daily wit- nessing their‘blunders and musinterpreta- tion they give to the best designs, The «dministrators of these schools are as follows—M. Le Breton, president; M. Baulard, member of the legislative ' Hh body 3 234 body; M. Amielh, M. Germain, M. Nanteuil, sen. M. Thibaudier, M. Perrin, director, and agent general; M. Ba- chelier, secretary. The Professors and Officers are :— -Godefroy; Thierry, architect; Defraisne; Robineau, inspectonof the students. In Paris at present there are, one hun- dred and seventy-four architects, who are all registered, of which the following are the principal. _ Augat, Bouchu, Chabouillé, Cointe- ‘veau, (professor of rural architecture) ; Couad, (inspector of buildings in the department of the Seine); Disarnod, (author of Salubrious and Economical Hearths, &c.) Desjardins, Detournelle, (editor of Grands Jeus d’ Architecture) ; Gabriel, Galimard, Gerard, Heurtot, ‘Lefevre, Nepveu, Petch, Peri, Petit, Radel, Pretrelle, Renard, Tron; Viel, the -elder; Viltard. _ Inspectors of Buildings.—Beranger, Beudot, Gouel, Lemercur, Picquenot; ‘Riboulle, jun. Painters are in number, two hundred and twelve, and are also registered; the most noted as artists are, Messrs. Ame- lot, Bacler-d’Albe, Beaunier, Belur, _Berthelemy, Bonnemaison, Rauchet, Callot, Camus, Cassas, Cazanora, Cour- teille, Danloux, who has been in Lon- don; David, M. Davin-Mirvault, De- bret, Delafoutaine, Demachy, Duplessy ’ Bertaux, (celebrated for battle-pieces ;) aa Biles «ou Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. (Oct.1, Fontaine, Frayer, Gauthorot, Girard, Girodot, Granger, jun, Gros, Guerin, Haingre, Hennequin; Isabey, small ca- binet pictures and miniatures ; Lagrinée, jun, Landon, Langlois de Lezanne, Le- duc, Leduc, Lejeune, Lemire, Marchats, Meynier, M. Mongez, Monsieau, Mo- reau, jun, Pagou, jun. Perrier, Perrin, Peyron, Peytavin, sen, Prudon, Re- douté,Reynault, Robert, Robert-Lefevre, ‘Rolland, Sambat, Sauvage, Senave, Sevehach dit Fontaine, Tauzet, Van- gorp, Vernet, Vien, senior, The sculptors, who are registered, are to the number of sixty-eight; but the most celebrated ard, Messrs. Auger, Beauvalet, Bocquet, S. Simon, Bozet, se. Bridem, father and son; Cartellier, Chaudit, Coenon, Dijoux, Delaistre, Dumont, Duret, Espercieux, Foucou, Gerard, Geraud, Gois, father and son; Houdon, Lecomte, Lesueur, Lucas, Mas- son, Monnot, Pagout (father,) Petitot, Ramey, Roland, Segishert, Suzanne. These are among some of the principal facts that I have been able to obtain, re- lative to the present state of the fine arts, at Paris, which I beg leave to conclude with a wish, that every artist, I trust, will join, with me in, which is, that a benefi- cial and lasting peace may soon unite the kindred arts of the rival countries, to the mutual benefit of each, Your’s, &c. Sept. 8, 1808. James Ermrs. College Hill, Queen-strest, pon ni 2 RR A RN ey MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS. aAccouny of the LIFE and WRITINGS of JOHN PICA, PRINCE Of ‘MIRANDOLA, with some REMARKS On the STUDIES of the acy. in which he lived. ps of Mhirandola, surnamed the Phenix, is one of those authors who are placed insthe first rank of illus- trious scholars, while utterly forgotten, and scarcely to be met with, except in the old libraries of some of our cathedrals. Tbe testimonies of co-tempotary scholars, the friendship and admiration of some of the brightest or- naments of that ave have secured to his name such a celebrity, that no one who affects the least familiarity with the li- terary history of the fifteenth century is unacquainted with it; and yet it may be questioned whether any of his works have found a reader for this Jast century, except such as curiosity may have led to a partial perusalof them, ‘The folowing — their works are. account, collected from such materials ag. , are left by his cotemporaries, may not be disagreeable tu your readers, as affording a striking instance of the taste of that age in the uses which were made of learning and abilities, It is an idea which is perhaps too rea- dily received, that the metaphysicians and schoolinen, whose speculations this aye has wisely abandoned, were men wholly destitute of sense, learning, and talents. Whoever will examine their works, will be convinced that many of them were men of most extraordinary erudition,and of great, though misapplied, ingenuity. . ‘The time will very probably arrive, when some of the favourite pur- suits of the present age may be viewed inthe same light, and receive the. samé sentence from posterity, as we pass . upon the vain and unprofitable labours of the schoolmen of the fifteenth “and sixteenth 1808.] sixteenth centuries, The abstract the- orems of pure algebra, (beyond what may be applied to any practical end,) upon which very great talents have been, and are still employed, are perhaps entitled to little more respect than the subtleties and dark distinctions which engaged the theologians and metapbysicians three hundred years ago. The memory of Wa- Ting may probably suffer the same fate as those of Scotus and Aquinas; or if posterity may think some credit due to the judgment of an enlightened age, his name, like that of Mirandola, may be re- membered and admired while his works are scarcely known to exist. We sneer at the understandings of men, whose time was spent in such enquiries as these * Quiditates habent ab «eterno suum esse formale ase, non ab extrinseco;”* but if these had been the studies of our univer- sities, and we had been accustomed to give to these barbarous terms the signifi- cations which were at that time given to them by common consent, we should have no more right to ridicule sucha proposition, than the following “ Si equa- tio quadratica duas habeat radices im- possibiles, &c.” John Pica, Prince of Mirandola and Concordia, was born in the year 1463, under the pontificate of Pius 11. He was the youngest son of John Francis of Mi- randola, and Julia, a lady of the noble family of Boiard. Some of the credulous historians of the time have related, that at his birth a globe of fire was seen to rest upon his mother’s bed, portending, say they, by its shape the perfection of his genius, and by its element, the celes- ‘tial turn of his mind. As soon as he was capable of receiving instruction, he was placed by his mother’s care under the most able masters, and very early distin- guished himself by the vigour of his ap- plication, and the strength of his memory; of which such prodigies are related as would be very difficult to credit, were we ‘not assured by some modern instances, of the perfection to which that faculty may be carried. At the age of fourteen he was sent by his mother’s direction, was desirous that he should assume the clerical functions, to Bologna, at that time the principal resort of those who Studied the pontificallaw. After spend- ‘ing two years there, he became disgusted with this pursuit, although such was his industry, even at that early age, that be * One of the conclusiones or questivns pro- posed tor dispute by Mirandola, we 4 Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. 936, compiled an Epitome of the Pontifical Epistles or Decretals. His disposition, however, strongly led him to the pursuit of philosophy, with an eager curiosity to penetrate the secrets of nature and sci- euce: with this view he travelled over Ttaly and France, visited the most cele- brated schools of each, and studied under the most famous teachers of both coun- tries. After seven years spent in this couyse of instruction, and at the age of twenty-three, he went to Rome, and, after the fashion of the ‘scholars of that time, brought himself into notice by pub- licly proposing literary questions for dis- putation. ‘This sort of challenge was very common in that age, and, when printing was scarcely practised, and the name of a man of Jearning less rapidly extended than itis now,was almost the only method that a person of superior attain- ments had to make himself known. Mi- randola proposed nine hundred ques- tions, or as they were called Conclusi- enes, in dialectics, mathematics, natural philosophy, and divinity, drawn not only fro the stores of the Latin and Greek, but from the mysteries of the Hebrews and the arcana of the Chaldzans and Arabians. In addition to the endless to- pics of metapliysics, theology, and the ordinary subjects of disputation, inte which he entered very profoundly, the Conclusiones involved the ancient and obscure philosophy of Pythagoras, Tris- megistus, and Orpheus; the doctrines of the Cabala or mystic interpretation of the sacred writings, according to the He- brews, taught by Origen and Hilarius ; the extent, uses, and learning of natural magic, which was vindicated from the vulgar reproach of impiety and necro- mancy. Seventy-two new physical and metaphysical dogmata of the author’s in- vention were likewise proposed and de- fended, These propositions, according to the ostentatious practice on these oc- casions, were fixed in the most public places in Rome, and the proposer en- gaged to defray the expences of any one who should come from a distance for the purpose of disputing with him. This challenge did not bring forward any dig- putants, hut exposed Mirandola to much envy and jealousy, particularly from the professors of science at Rome, who felt the reflection that would he cast upon: their credit by their declining a compe tition which they durst not encoun- ter. Unable .to injare his fame as a scholar; they made a much more dange-” reus attack upon che suundiess of his faitir ; ? 936 © Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. (Oct. 1, a faith; thirteen questions were selected, which were charged with the terrible suspicion of heresy and contempt of the ordinances of the church; a suspicion _ very readily listened to by the church when directed against great’ learuing, which the increasing inflaence of philo- sophy and letters began to make her watch with extreme jealousy.. Mirandola repelled this attack by publishing his Apofogia, or Defence of the accused Pro- ositions; which if it did not effectually clear away the suspicions he had incur- red, tended to confirm his enemies in their dread of his learning and powers; and it must be owned that, overluoking the misapplication of talents to such sub- jects, the Apologia exhibits a command of profound and well digested learning and keen argument truly astonishing at theage of twenty-three. This work, and the discussions it contained of certain delicate points, added to some hints of the limit of Pontifical controul in matters of faith, were so disagreeable to Pope Yunocent VIII. that he interdicted the reading both of the Apology and the dis- puted questions. The love of glory, how- ever, was not Mirandola’s only passion: his youth, splendid accomplishments, and the graces of his person, for which he is said to have been remarkable, attracted the admiration and caresses of manydistin- guished Roman ladies, who united the Jove of letters to that of pleasure, a taste very common amongst the Italian ladies of that age. The young philosopher yielded to the force of these allurements, or rather, according to the account of his nephew and biographer, Francisco of Mirandola, eagerly followed the bent of his disposition naturally inclined to obey the attractions of beauty. _ But this life of pleasure, however suit- able to his condition and inclinations, was of a’short continuance. Irritated by the restless persecutions of his enemies, aud obliged perpetually to defend himself against the jmputation of heresy, the most formrdeble calumny which in that age any man could have to contend with, he detached himself from vicious plea- sures, and regulated his manner of life by rigidly observing the laws of abstinence imposed by Christianity; for being a firra adherent to the Christian doctrines, the charge of infidelity and the vigilance ef his enemies made him the more’ solici- tous to guard against the appearance of disobeying them. Becoming from this time wholly deyoted to learning, he soon acquired such celebrity that the most emi+ nent scholars from alk parts of Italy came to visit him for conversation or instruc- tion. As a proof of the sincerity of his reformation, he commmitted to, the flames five books of elegiac poetry which he had composed on the subject of his amours, together with numerous. pieces in Tuscan verse, which had been addressed to his various mis- tresses. There is perhaps reason to lainent that the zeal of a new convert would not be. satisfied without this sacrifice. It must, however, be considered that the spirit of religion at that period exacted many sacrifices from the professors of Christianity, which the-+enient temper of these times does not call for. An exam~ ple of this severity is to be met with amongst the works that still remain of Mirandola; at the end of which, in the folio edition published by his nephew, we find a learned and entertaining comment, in the Italian language, upon a composi- tion of his friend Girolamo Benivieni, entitled ‘* Una Canzona de Amore secun- do la mente et openione de’ Platonici,” a poetical treatise upon love, explaining the doctrines of the platonists. “The au- thor, Girolamo, informs the reader in q short preface, that he had determined to suppress this poem and comment out of regard to his friend’s character and his own; deeming it unbecoming a professor of Christianity, in treating of celestial and _ divine love, “ to treat of 1t as a Platonist and not as a Christian ;” but that having lent it to some of his friends for their peru- sal, an imperfect and erroneous copy was printed, which obliged him, but not till after the death of Mirandola, to publish it correctly ; and he takes care to allege in excuse for hiniself that he has apprized the reader of his plan by the title of the poem, and warned him in all places where Plato’s opinions depart from those of Christ, that the doctrines of a gentile and a heathen are not entitled to the least weight compared with the reason- ings of the Christian theologists, “ and particularly the irrefragable arguments of the angelicdoctorSt. Thomas, of Aquino,” The first fruit of Mirandola’s devotion to sacred litérature was the Heptaplus, or Comment upon the Six Days of the first Chapter of Genesis, which was writ- ten in 1491. Two years afterwards he published a treatise in ten chapters, de Ente & Uno; the object of which was to reconcile the doctrines of Plato and Ari- stotle, and to demonstrate that the dis- a, 1808.] = Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. putes of their respective followers origi- nated in a misconception of the opinions of these philosophers relative to the Ens and Unum, at that time a subject of mighty strife among the learned. This treatise was held in high esteem by Loth sides. It was the last work of conse- quence that the author lived to complete ; but he had !aid the plan ofa vastand com- prehensive work, which his early death prevented ihe execution of. ‘Ths was no Jess thanto confound the seven ene- mies of the Christian church, by examin- ing and refuting all their errors. In the prosecution of this design, he had com- posed and perfected betore his death twelve books against astrology, the most popular and the most pernicious super- stition which then infested the world. Paulus Jovius, bishop of Nocera, has left a testimony to the merits of this work which is above all other encomiums :— “In this excellent though unfinished work, Mirandola attacked the astrolo- gers with such erudition and keenness, - and so ably exposed the absurdity and vanity of the whole art of divination, that he seems to have deterred the professors of the occult sciences from writing.*” This great design, as well as many others which Mirandola had formed, par- ticularly that of a more complete essay to- wards reconciling the opinions of Plato and Aristotle, was frustrated by his death. From the time that he left Rome, which was soon after the publication of the ‘Apologia, Mirandola generally resided either at Ferrara or at Florence. The friendship of the Prince of Ferrara and its vicinity to his paternal seat attracted him to the former place; but Florence was the most agreeable to him on ac- ‘count of the society of literary men which it afforded, and particularly of Politian and Lorenzo de’ Medici, with whom he en- tertained a close friendship. Besides “these two illustrious men, his society ‘was “cultivated by other eminent scholars, ‘among whom was the learned and unfor- tunate Hieronymus Savanarola, and Her- molaus Barbarus: Petrus Crinitus,the pu- pil of Politian,+ mentions him as excelling all his icompanions in the erudition and eloquence of his conversation. The “same author has left us an account of Pica’s laborious studies; for when Po- * Paulus Jovius, Elogia doctorum Virorum, p- 92, Bassilie, 1571. \ | Petrus Crinitus, De bonesta Disciplina, Mib. iii, c. 2 Jib. v. c. 1. and lib ii, ¢, 2. priag- ed at the Asconsian press, 1508, © 9° eu 1 ' : oor litian had expressed in his presence high admiration of his great genius and learning, Mirandola with singular modesty answered, that he deserved no praise bu forhis assiduous application —* Gratulan- dum. potius, intelligite, assiduis vigiliis atque lucubrationibus, quam nostro in- genio plaudendum,”* His library likewise is celebrated by the same writer, and is said by Francisco de Mirandola to have cost seven thousand pieces of gold. His accomplishments were not confined to subjects of abstruse literature; in his youth he was much at- tached to music, in which he acquired such skill, that some of his melodies were publicly received, and held in great es- teem. It might also be concluded, from an anecdote related by Petrus Crinitus, that he was not unacquainted with phys sic ; for according to that author, when Hermolaus Barbarus was seized at Rome with a dangerous fever, Mirandola ‘Sent him from Florence a medicine prepared by himself. No man ever testified a more sincere devotion for learning and philosophy, to the contempt of all other qualifications, than the Prince of Mi- randola. He possessed a very large estate, which he bestowed almost entire- ‘ly upon works of charity, except what was spent in collecting books, and enters taining and providing for literary men. At length, however, about three years before his death, he made over to his nephew Francisco his principality and possessions in Mirandola, and obtained aconfirmation of the grant from Maxis milian, the Roman emperor, to whom that principality was subject. He re- served to himself only enough to purchase a small estate near Ferrara, where he spent the remainder of his life, except when he resided at Florence,in elegant and learned retirement. His mother, under whose care he received his educa- tion, had destined him for the church ; and he was often urged by his friends to embrace the sacred profession, with the certainty of the highest honours and emoluments: but nothing could induce him to quit the life that he had chosen, He died of a fever at Florence, in the year 1494, in the S1st year of his age, on the same day that Charles the [Xth. of France entered that city on his famous expedition into Italy. ‘That monarch, _ hearing of Mirandola’s illness, as he ap- proached the city, sent two of his own physicians to his assistance; but in spite * Ib, lib li. ce 2 of _ debate. an Awe ee vial ths | 238 of their aid, the violence of his disorder put an end to his existence in thirteen days, With respect to the works of this’ au- thor, something has already been said, and little more remains to be observed. “The Conclusiones afford a very complete specimen of the learning of the age, and of what were deemed the most valuable purposes to which learning could be ap- plied, However useless and unprofitable these purposes may appear to us, it will not be denied by any one, who has the curiosity to look through the Conclu- siones, that the mass of Jearning, which must have been possessed by the pro- poser of them, is prodigious; when it is recollected that,at the time he proposed them, he was no more than twenty-three years of age. For there is not the least reason to suppose, that a person whose works prove him to have been a man of profound learning, and who, in an age and nation distinguished by some of the brightest scholars that ever appeared, was ranked by their own judgment amongst the first, should have challenged the discussion of any of the proposed sabjecis, without being well provided with the knowledge uecessary for such a The manner in which the ques- tions were propounded leave little room to doubt that the author was deeply versed in the respective subjects of them ; and the Apology for the accused propo- sitions, particularly those de Salute Ori- genis and de Mogidalgue Cabala, discover familiarity with the writings of the Fa- thers, as well as with the Greek and He- brew classics, and a facility of language ~ and arguinent that could not be acquired at that age without extraordinary powers of mind.- 1 would willingly transcribe the whole of this. curious piece for the amusement.of such of your readers as may not have easy access to the original, if the limits of your publication would allow of it. St is curious to observe how greatly the sudden growth of learning outstripped that of solid science. No age, perhaps, was ever se remarkable for the learning which it produced as the period from the middle of the fifteenth century to the be- ginning of the sixteenth; yet, except the inestimable obligations we owe to the learned men of that time for their edi- tions of the classics, later aves have been little benefited by their works, which are either lost or neglected: and even the aciences they treated of, exploded and-- diculed. School-divinity and metaphy- ‘gics, though the most attended “to, were TORS ST a ee ee ee Oe tet MP eA oa Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. [Octs15 not the only studies in which the vast erudition of that age was wasted. ‘The mysterious doctrines of the Cabala form- ed a favourite study of some of the most learned scholars. ‘The proposition which laid Pica open to the indignation of the church, was that in which he asserted the orthodoxy of Origen; for Origen, not- withstanding his meritorious labours in the cause of christianity, his daring zeal and self-martyrdom, and notwithstand- ing the defence of Eusebius, was con- signed by the sentence of the church to inevitable damnation, on account of his errors in the mysteries of the faith. To question his perdition, therefore, was to deny that the church was the interpreter of the divine intentions. The defence of this part of the Conclustones is written with a boldness that could hardly be ex- pected from an Italian of the 15th cen- tury. But the hardiest of these propo- sitions was that in which it is asserted, that faith isnot in a man’s own power, In defending this and the other propo- sitions, which were taxed with heresy, Pica probably relied less on the spirit and ability of his justification, than on his own high rank and station, together with the countenance and protection of his powerful friends, particularly the Medici, whose liberality of sentiment in regard to religious points was so notori- ous, that even Leo the Xth, has been directly charged, not only with heresy, but infidelity.* By the Cabala, a term at this time generally misapprehended, was under- stood sometimes a species of divine magic operating by the agency of good spirits, as magic commonly so called was suppo-~ sed to do by that of evil beings; but the true definition of it, as received by the best of its professors, is given by Reuch- linus,} in his treatise addressed to Lo- renzo de’ Medici “Divine Revelationis ad salutiferam Dei ct formarum separatarum contemplationemtraditm symbolicarecepe tio,”—a symbolic acceptation of the Mo- saic history (for that is meant by divina revelatio) which produced a pure and perfect acquaintance with the nature of the divinity and of spirits; and according to the opinions of some, which seem to be revived by the modern Swedenbor- DAME OATH Ts Naat TER POPEATER LS * Milner’s History of the Church. Vol. iv. 4} This treatise, which contains the whole leaning upon a subject once held in the highest veneration by men of learning, is very curious, and is te be found in the folio edition 4 of Mirandola's works, published at Basil, in 1557. gians, 1808.] gians, this knowledge, when sublimed to the highest perfection it was capable of, and accompanied with perfect purity, was believed to raise the mind to an absolute familiarity with good angels, by whose assistance the possessors of the cabalic secrets were enabled to do miraculous things. This art was derived from the rabbinical doctors, who were at first cal- led Thalmudists, and about the middle ef the fifteenth century, according to Pica de Mirandola*, its professors were denominated Cabalici, Cabalei, or Ca- baliste, according to their different de- grees of perfection: they afterwards however departed from their masters the Thalmudists; the latter, according to Reuchlinus, being chiefly intent upon the law-and the explanation of it, while the ‘former, paying less regard to what concer- ned human affairs, aimed chiefly at ele- vation of mind and thought. ‘The ideas and doctrines of the Cabalists seein to have been well known to Milton, and perhaps suggested some passages in Para- dise Lost. In Reuchlinus’s Exposition of their mysteries there is a curious passage describing the speech of the Deity to the heayenly spirits after the fall of Adam, with the future prospect of redemption by the incarnation of the Messiah, whom the Cabalists recognized in the character of a celestial Adam}+; and among the ‘books relating to these doctrines,whichare said to be lost, mention is made of “ Liber Beliorum Domini” The mysteries of the Pythagorean philosophy, which, ac- cording to Philolaus apud Reuchlinum Sprung from the same source, were also studied and taught with great fervency during this period. Mirandola and Pau- Jus Riccius were the first who explained the Cabalistic mysteries in Latin, and the former,in his Apology, has employed much Jabour and learning in defending them as »well as the science of natural magic, from ‘the vulgar idea that necromancy was at the bottom of them. is writings how- ever upon that subject were few, and I ‘do not know whether they still exist; but it may be collected from the follow- ing proposition in his Conclusiones, and some others of a similar nature, that he, like all the scholars of his time, had _ bestowed much attention upun this useless * Reuchlinus de Arte Cabalistica. + Conjicimus sane,alterum ess¢ Adam celes- ‘tem anyelis in celo demonstratum, unum ex ©, guem yerbo fecerat, et alterum esse Adam terrenum, repulsam a Deo,quem ex luto manibys suis fipxerat, Reveblinus, p. 740, Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of ALfrandola. 239 learning: “ Qui scierit quid sit dena- riusim Arithmetica formali, et coguove- ritnaturam prin numeri spheerici,, sciet secretum quinquaginta portarum intelli- gentiz et magni jobelwi, et millesi- me generationis, et regnum omnium seculorum.” Those who are better ac- quainted with the tenets of the modern millenarians than I am,will be able to tell whether there is any connection between them and the allusions in the concluding part of this proposition. Magic also entered deeply into the learning of this zra, This comprises two distinct sciences, that of natural magic, and that of demonology: the first was concerned only in the properties of num- bers and figures, and some of the more hidden properties of nature, This know- ledge enabled its possessors to produce many effects from natural causes, which, whea science was less diffused than at present, appeared to be the effect of something superior to the common limits of human power, Albertus commonly called Magnus, the friend and tutor of Roger Bacon, was the most celebrated of those who excelled in this sort of know- ledge. ‘This science bas been productive of many admirable discoveries in mathe- matics and chemistry, Magic, in its com- mon signification or necromancy, was also eagerly studied at this time as appears from Cornelius Agrippa’s strange work upon that subject; and we may judge of the estimation in which it was held, by the confession that writer makes in his, book de venitate omnium Scientorium, that while be professed that science he derived more credit and profit from it, than from any other use he ever could make of his learning. The first naster in this way was said to be *Solomon, whose magic ring and glass are still famous in Eastern demono- logy. But the most dangerous, the most po- pular, and the most pernicious delusion which the darkness of the preceding ages, had entailed upon mankind, was astrology, which will perhaps never be utterly ex- terminated from the minds of the vulgar, but which then possessed all ranks, When these considerations are taken into the account, it must be looked upon as no despicable application of learning and talents, to have exposed the fallacy and absurdity of this delusion ; and when we recollect the great learning and credit of eae EU A i) * Petrus Crinitus de honesta Disciplind, Lib, ix, ¢, 5. 5 ! some 3 *j al | 240 some of its upholders, among whom our countryman Roger Bacon was the most esteemed; the almost universal belief entertained of it, and the few lights which mankind then possessed, as to the real and constant laws obeyed by the celes- tial bodies ; it cannot be denied that the twelve books written by Mirandola - against astrology, the effect of which, in opening men’s eyes upon that subject is testified by a respectable co-temporary author, were the work of a very superi- or and énlightened mind. ‘When we congratulate ourselves upon our freedom from these superstitions, we ought not to forget, that we owe something to those who gave the first blow.to them. Proud of the lights of the age we live in, when astrology and such like cheats are no donger in vogue, we are too apt to over- the merit of those exertions which first exposed and refuted them; and to persuade ourselves, that in these days of genius and philosophy, such exertions would have been unnecessary; not re- collecting that if we enjoy many supe- riorities of this kind, we are less indebt- .ed for them to our own genius:than to the labors of those who first paved the way for the detection of superstitious er- rors; our merit is, that we do not shut our eyes to the light of science; but while we enjoy its blaze, we ought to be grateful to those who struck the first sparks, John Pica of Mirandola has been re- presented by writers, whose ideas are taken from the encomiums ef his cotem- poraries, as a mighty prodigy of learning and genius. sent times entertain towards those sub- jects upon which he wrote, renders it very difficult, upon a review of his works, to think those encomiums justified. But making allowance for this change of opinion, and weighing the impartial tes- timony of his equals, and the early age vat which he obtained their admiration, it may be fairly concluded, he was in reality, a man of very extraordinary powers. These memoirs are principally collected from his letters, and the account given of him by his nephew Francisco, himself an eminent scholar. Memoirs of John Pica, Prince of Mirandola. [Oct.1, The distaste which the pre- ’ ab Such a biographer might naturally be suspected of partiality, but the evidence of other ‘writers, fully confirms his ac+ count. Paulus Jovius, in his Elogia Doctorum Virorum, gives the following character of him.* “ John Pica of Mis rdndola, has been justly styled the phoe- nix; for in him, the mmortal gods, be- sides the splendor of his family, assem+ bled all the rarest gifts of body and mind.” : Petrus Riccius, commonly called Pes trus Crinitus, who was the pupil of Po: litian and the companion of Mirandola, laments the death of him and Politian, which happened in the same year, as public misfortuné, more severely felt at that particular time, when learning, obstructed by the incursion of the French into Italy, wanted the support and as= sistance of such men.t To these may be added the testimony of Hieronymus Savanarola, who, though afterwards put to death by Pope Alexander for a here- tic, was a man of great consideration on account of his learning and talents. — In a dispute which took place between him and Mirandola, concerning the philoso phy of the ancients ; the former, yielding to the superiority of his opponent, rose up and embracing him said, “ Unus tu es, Pice, xtate nostra qui omnim ve- terum philosophiam ac religionis Chris- tiane precepta et leges percalleas.”t The following epitaph, written by Her- cules Strozza, is preserved by Paulus Jovius: Joannes jacet hic Mirandula; czetera norunt Et Tagus et Ganges, forsan et Antipodes. Dr. Johnson, in his Essay on Epitaphs, has taken notice. of this pompous distich, as a warning to epitaph-writers, “Thus, says he, have their expectations been disappointed, who honored Picus of Mirandola with this pompous epitaph. His name, then celebrated in the remo- test corners of the earth, is now almost forgotten, and his works, then studied, admired, and applauded, are now moul- dering in obscurity.” j * Page 92. + Pet. Crin. de honesta Disciplina. F db. lib, di1.¢, 2 ps ad ~ 3308.) C 241 2D Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters, EXTRACTS FROM THR HARLEIAN MSS. NO. 4776, RESPECTING THE MANNERS OF THE WELCH. T the sessions at Bewmaris, held May 22, 9H. VIL, It was ordered that _ records of felonies be kept, and that there be no vexation or trouble for serving on jories. [The Welch are remarkable for never banging felons. ‘Phe following bon-mot is recorded of a modern counsel. The judge, upon the road, observing some sheep in an insulated spot, where the tide or the flood menaced them with speedy death, said, ‘“* Nothing can save those sheep.” My lord, replied a bar- rister, do not you think a Welch jury ean ?—A juryman being asked, in a case of palpable evidence, why he and his brethren gave a verdict of acquittal, re- plied ‘* What, would you have hur hang hur own countryman ?”} At the same sessions it was ordered _ that liveries and badges he forbid except to bailiffs, parkers, menial servants, and counsel retained in_the law. f. 114, 115. _ At the sessions at Caermarthen, 14. H. 7. it is said, Forasmuch as many and divers vicious priests and clerks in holy orders within the principality of North Wales defile many-women, wives and daughters of the prince’s tenants, by reason whereof the farmer of the Thamorbership in sun- drie comothe of N. Wales excessively distraines the suid tenants as well by their oods as their lands, it is ordered that instead] every priest and clerk so offend- mg shall be distrained in detault of goods, a process to issue from the Exchequer, f. 115. [Distraining for cuckoldom or se- _ duction the unfortunate sufferers, is a no- velty in jurisprudence.] Where the sea was expected to gain upon'the land the _ permitting of the rushes called Moresk _ and their roots to grow, was thought ' the best means of preventing the evil, f. i 115-6. id PROPORTION OF LUNATICS. ~~ In Graunt’s Natural and Political Ob- _ $ervations made on the Bills of Mortality, _ and printed in 1662, it is stated, (at p. 21) _ that the number of lunatics is few, being 158 out of 229,250 persons within the Yange of the authentic list: or about one im fourteen hundred and fifty. __ The prodigious increase of lunacy in our own times deserves more examina- ‘than medical men have given to the subject, ’ ~- Mowtury Mac., No, 176, [Communications to this Article are always thankfully reasived.] ——e _ SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. Dr. Darwin’s notion that animal exist- ence began in a worm may be traced in ~ Czrsalpinus. In his Peripatetic Questions (1, 5, c. 1.) the following passage occursa Quod si aliquando meminerim primam per- fectorum animatium generationem ex verme Sfieri, sic intelligimus primam, quia in tem pore infinito, guod supponitur a Peripate- licis, deficientibus in aliquo tempore omnis bus singuluribus alicujus specici, primum aliquod ex putredine oriri potest, ex cujus semine propagetur species, ut quibusdam contingit ex putredine tantum propagari. PASSAGE OF FLORUS. Some recent panegyrists of Lord Nel- son seem to have borrowed their turn of style from Florus, who says of Cassar$ More fulminis, venit, percussit, abscessit, SCEPTICISM. Y Beza, who edited the Testament in 1582 at Geneva, was asked his opinion about some controverted point. Hoc unum me credere credo, quod nil credo, was his reply. AMADIS OF GAUL, The French translation of Amadis is said by an Italian monk, named’ Paciu- chelti, to have been superitended by Lus ther. He avers: Sceleratumillum virum, cum Germaniam execrabilt herest conta- minure decrevisset, profunis eam libris cor= rupisse, curapisseque, ut lingud Gallieé liber quidam donaretur, Amadis dictus et quidem omni elegantia exornatus per prin- cipum aulas spargeretur, This ~ shows not that Luther aided to translate Ama- dis; but that Amadis passed for a pros fae, licentious, and dangerous, book. EDITION OF THE KORAN. In the year 1788, the Russian empress Catharine ordered an edition of the Ko- ran to be struck off, in Arabic, at the im- perial press, for the use of her Mahome- tan subjects. Projects of conquest over Turkey were on the carpet probably at that time in her cabinet; and it was thought conducive to military success, thus to announce to the inhabitants of ci-« ties, that the mosque and its ritual would find, under Russian sway, both protection and patronage. : ; This sovereign edition of the Koran is become a great rarity and an expensive curiosity: and is now exhibited in the li- braries of Gottingen and Paris as one of their uncommon treasures. Itis printed at Petersburg in small folio, and. has se- di yenteen 242 venteen lines on each page. No title is prefixed. Tach platform oftext is framed with a flourish in imitation of manuscript, and the letters are so cut as to unite with one another and to look like writing. The text is copied from Louis Maracei’s edition, Surely the press of Calcutta would do well, from similar motives, to imitate this display of tolerance, this proclamation of religious equity. Although in Great Bri- tain, even the Christian sects have not yet learnt enough reciprocal indulgence ; there may nevertheless be found some British philanthropic governors superior to the superstitious prejudices and fac- tious bigotry of the vulgar, MOZAIC. The art of inlaying stene, so as to form designs by means of pebbles of different eolours, 1s called mozaic,’ er mosaic, work, Whence is the name derived? The first and earliest historic instance (Exodus, xxVill, 17) of the practice of this art is the stomacher worn by the high- priest of the Jews, Was the-art there- fore ascribed to Moses? The most perfect specimens of the art are those produced at Rome in the school founded by the cavalier Pietro Paulo di Christofori, which rival paintings for de- sign and colour, aud surpass them for du- ration. Furietti wrote De Musaicis in 1752. FRENCH COLONIZATION OF BRAZIL. In 1578 was printed the History of a Voyage to Brazil, made by John de Lery a native of Margelle in Burgundy. It is dedicated to Francis Count of Colligny, and relates an attempt of some French * protestants to establish a colony in Bra- zl, uuder the direction of a kuight of Malta, named Villegagnon. The first embareation took place m.1555 at Har fleur in Normandy; and the landing was effected at Ganabara, a creek so called by the Topinamboos. A supplementary batch of settlers followed the next year, athong whom was Jean de Lery, then a student of theology ap Geneva, who had been invited, under the premise of au adequate salary to preach the gospel. These second colenists, landed in Fe« bruary 1557, at a place called by the sa- yages Hooassoo, and proceeded to join their predecessors, by marching along the coast to Fort Colligny,which had been constructed in an island of the Ganabara, ‘They arrived in March on Wednesday the tenth, ‘The arrival of the fresh co- lonists was consecrated by a general com- munion; and Villegagnon distinguished eal tel i ee Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. [O&. 19 himself by two extemporary prayers. A doctor of the Sorbonne, who had come over, took that opportunity of abjuring popery. After about eight months stay, Villegagnon gave the colonists to under- stand, that he had renounced the gospel interest; that he could proyide for no persons who did not work at the buildings about the fort, or in the production of agricultural commodities, and he finally abandoned to their shifts our author, and the zealots of his party. After much wandering and ditliculty, a party of fif- teen found the means to embark, and were joined by others of the colonists whe had remained under the protection of Villegagnon, They set sail for Rochelle in January 1558, and, after suffering much from famine, landed the following May at Blavet, The account of the manners of the sa- vages is copious and curious. ‘They are described as wholly without religion, sheer atheists; but certain priests of the Carib- bees come occasionally among them and preach about bad spirits. A vocabulary of their language is given, and several short dialogues. RaCINE—1639-1699. Tt is curious to observe the erroneous opimion: which Corneille entertained of this amiable poet. When Racine had finished his tragedy of Alexander, he shewed it to Corneille, and asked him, what be thought of it. Corneille told him that the piece certainly evinced his ta- Jents ior poetry, but that he did nos think his genius led to the dramatic line. lt is melancholy to reflect that this great poet suflered himself to become a. victim to the anger of his sovereign, Madame de Maintenon had requested huv to draw up a memorial, representing in strong terms the misery and calamr, ties under which the people groaned. ‘This she presented to the king, and was weak enough to give up the author. ‘The. king, offended that Racine should affect to point out the defects of his govern- ment, exclaimed, “ What! because he is. a poet, does he pretend to be a politi cian?” These words, and his disgrace, which soon afterwards happened, struck Racine to the heart, and produced that, disorder which in a very short time occas sioned his death. LOUIS RACINE, Second son of the great tragedian, was. aman of talents, and an ingenious poet. His poems on “ Religion,” and “ Grace,” are remarkable for the richness and bril- hancy“of some of the passages, the pintys ao ys hal r 1808,] Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Leiters. and unction which they breathe, and the chaste and uniform diction which prevail throughout. wounouRs— 1628-1702. When this ‘celebrated grammarian published his first work, “ Les Entretiens ad’ Aristo & d’Eugéne,” it was said of him, “« qu'il ne lui manquait pour ecrire par- faitement, que de savoir penser,” allud- ing to the pompous style which prevails throughout the book; though it is not otherwise remarkable either for depth of Jearning, or solidity of reasoning, Among other works, he published the Lives of St. Ignatius and St. Francis Xavier, in which he was unlucky enough to compare one to Cusar, and the other to Alexander. MEZERAI—16 10-1683, Early applied himself to the history of his country, and published his first vo- jume at the age of thirty. He was libe- rally patronized by Richelieu, who gave him a pension, and by the French Aca- demy, who chose him for its secretary. This office he held till he died. His great History is now seldom read; but his chronological Abridgment is es- seemed. His style is very unequal; in some places dispiaying the fire and ener- ey of Tacitus, while in general it is loose, unconnected, and inelegant, His character appears to have been eccentric, At his death, all his ~pro- perty, which was considerable, was found hid in different parcels behind\his books. In one of these bags of money was found a slip of paper, upon which he had writ- ten these words :—‘‘ This is the last sum of money which I have received from the king; and since then, I have not said or written one word in his praise.” His ension had been discontinued some time before his decease. BOU DIER—1637-1727, _ An author of some reputation in his time, left this curious: epitaph behind him, which gives no very favourable idea of his religious opinions: — _ © J’étois Poéte, Historien; Maintenant je ne suis rien.” GOMBAULD, One of the members of the French Academy, when it was first established by Cardinal de Richelieu. He-was so gealous for the purity of his native lan- guage, that be once proposed to the @cademicjans that they should bind them- ‘ 243 selves by oath, to make use only of such words as should be approved of by a ma- jority. His talents were not so conspicuous as his extraordinary zeal. He wrote some tragedies and detached pieces of poetry, Jong since forgotten. NICHOLAS BOURBON-~-1644, One of the best Latin poets which France has produced. The following lines, placed on the gate of the arseval in Paris, were composed by him:— #Ethna haec Henrico Vulcania tela ministrat Tela gigantzos debellatura furores, MAYNARD—1582-1646, A French poet, whose productions are now little known. Like many other un- fortunate men, who fancy that geniusand talents exempt them from pursuing the common road to independence, be spent his whole life in caressing and flattering the great, whose favours, after all his efforts, he never received, and whose protection he never experienced. He one day presented some stanzas to the Cardinal de Richelieu, who command, ed him to recite them. When he came to the last, where speaking of Francis the First, he says :— &€ Mais s°il demande & quel employ Tu m’as tenu dedans le monde, Et quel bien j’ai recu de toi, Que veux tu que je luf reponde ?” The cardisal, who immediately pete ceived the author’s drift, answered with the most cruel indifference, “‘ Rien.” The unlucky poet, mortified at such a repulse, retired to his native province, where he soon after died. He wrote these lines against the door of his closet :— &¢ Las -despérer & dé me plaindre Des Muses, des Grands et du Sort C’est ici que jattens la Mort Sans'la desirer ni la craindre.” “ © DRAMATIC HISTORY. Our printers are constantly pushing off, under some new title, collections of Eng- lish dramas. Why will they not give us a Dramatic History of England, and republish in the chronologic order of event all the historical plays which illus-_ trate the annals of our country? Our poets would then be aware of the chasms which remain to be filled up; and might be induced to complete, for the use of the theatre, the deficient series of event. ORIGINAL 7 Ds tea? { 244 J (Oct. 1, ORIGINAL POETRY. ° m a FROM CARLO MAGGI, BY MISS STARKE, Ye, Sshoip folly srer Morte seek, When sultry heats appal, VON LATA Listen! Hear Aurora speak, Sceng—an unfrequented Island. And answer to her call. ' TiME—day-break. ZEPHYRE. SEQUESTER’D Isle, of Puce the smiling Breath of yonder slumb’ring SEA, piveeal, And tender sighs from Heav’n ate wes Where Birds, and Flow'rs, and Zephyrs only Sent, celestial Nymru, to shed dwell 5 : Enchanting spot, rich in Secx vston’s charms, Here, far remov'd from Forty’s wild alarms, Compass’d with waves, unseen by human eye, Methinks I range.a Tenant of the Sky. . No more by Pass1on’s chains bound down to Earth, \ My tow’ring Soul asserts her heav'aly birth; Views mercies numberless around her shine, And soars to claim her heritage divine « But see !—The sable shades of NicuT re- Circo . Th horizon blushes deep with erimson fire Avrora rises from the sparkling floods, And thus salutes the tenants of the woads: Bh AURORA. Birps, begin your dulcct lay _ Frow’ns, your yarious sweets disclose ! ZeEruyers, see! ’tis dawn of day ! Banish, banish dull Reposy ! . BIRDS. Lovely Goppess of the morn, - Who, on dewy pinions-borne, Com’st to chase Nig 1's shadowy gloom, And these choral woods relume With renovating light ; Again thou giv’st us to behold Ficlds of ether ting’d with gold! Boundless tracts, where sportive Wey Blest wich love and liberty, May wing our joyous flight. ; ~ “AURORA, Wherefore, FLow’rs, your praise withhold ? Haste ! ‘your fragrant leaves unfold ! Haste to gloxity that Pow’r, Who, after Minnr@u7’s torpid hour, Renovates your faded hues, And feeds you with ambrosial dews. FLOWERS. , : When thy torch, with dazzling light, - Pats the modest stars to Aight, - We, Lilies, Vi'lets, Eglantines, Daisies, Snowdrops, Jessamines, Strains of thankfyl love rehearse ; The Jistning Hours applaud our verse, As, round the blazing Car of Day, Swift they wend their sportive way. All our joys of thee are bora, Bounteous Goppess of the Morn; And to thee alone we raise Melody of grateful praise. AURORA: Mirthful Zeruyns, ye, who fly To wake the tardy Hours ; Rouse the FEATHZR’p MINSTRELSY, And ope the fragrant Frow’'as 5 * _ Shun the islands of the West! < Delicious odours round thy head. . CHORUS. : We, Zrpuyas, Brens,and op’ning Frow’Rg, Join our voices, strain our pow’rsy - To hail the swift-approaching Day, To pour the tributary lay.” Hail, Avrora, bounteous Farr! Hold !—The pealing notes forbear ! See! while yet we sing, she flies, To spread her light o’er diftant Skies ? CANTATA If. AS thro? smiling vallies I ftray, Behind me REMorsz= slowly wends ; Ev'ry flow’r that enamels the way, To prove my unthankfulness tends. The bounty of GOD I descry, 4 _ In each perfect production of Earth 5 Yet nor these, nor yon day-star on high, In my bosom give thankfulness birth, Prive whispers ‘* Such gifts are thy due; ~ As a tribute receive them from Hzay'n ; The talent of poesy too, Thy pleasures to heighten was giv’n.” Insensate !—Let SHame dye my check? Sweet Pogsy’s harp I'll resign ; Or make the lov’d Instrument speak Tn prais¢ of it’s Donor Diving. Hail, then, modest meek-ey’d Farry On Earth, of Visitants most rare!) Hail, celestial GRatTiITupDE!! By, thee inspir’d, these fingers rude Shall boldiy sweep the sounding strings In praise of Heav’n’s all-bounteous KING. And while Ichant nis mercies here below, While yet encumber’d with this mortal clod, Shall my rapt soul the joy of Angels know, The bliss of holding converse with it’s y+ GOD? See ee A PICTURE OF PLANTATION-PRACTICE IN JAMAICA, Found among the papers of a Medical Gentlee man, lately deceased. rmpRrou! whom Fate has doom’d to roany Far from Happiness and Home! " Be thy pursuit boundless wealth, ©. Or the balmy breath of health: Tf e’er thou hope for halcyon rest, Fly! oh, fly the fatai shores _ Where the wild tornado roars ! There deep Degradation dwells, And binds the soul in Circe’s spells; There a“ —ae he 3308:] There Destruction holds his court, And tortures man in hellish sport ! If, skilful, thou aspire to heal The sinews torn on Slavery’s wheel, Say, what avails thy care or skill ? Thou canst not remedy the ill: —For if a cure might he applied, Thou pleadst in vain to have it tried :—= What panacea can appease The rage of hunger—=dire disease > What healing balsam can impart Health’s pulses to the broken heart ? And hast thou burat the midnight oil To waste thy days in fruitless toil ? _ And sapp’d thy strength, and spurn’d repose, To reap the thorn without the rose? Jf Death induftrious point his dart, And swift Express the case impart, *Tis thine on meagre mule, or horse, To stem the rain-fed torrent’s force ; Or faint beneath the blaze of noon: Or freeze in dewsthat dim the moon! When home returning weary, worn, With sights of woe thy bosom torn, Say, doesa fond and faithful breast Sooth thy swelling heart to rest ? And pillow soft thy aching head, And balm upon thy slumbers shed ? Alas! nor Friendship, nor Affiance, Nor faithful Love, the soul’s reliance) - The cup of Sympathy prepares, Or smooths-the pillow of thy cares! Slow-moving, mercenary hands, Benumb’d by Slavery’s iron bands, Reluctant lend their ministry : Ah! how unlike Love’s:service free ? Nor converse kind, nor soothing quiet, Sweetens the hour of resc, or diet; But stupid state, and manners rude Their coarsest features still intrude. Oh! shroud not then, in-savage night, The eye that beams with social light! If Virtue’s flame thy heart refine, ** Throbbing with sublime design,”—. If Science high, and lib’ral Art, And cultur’d Taste their light impart, —As the fire-fly’s phosphor ray Roos him to the bat a prey— he beam of truth that lights thine eye Leads blinking, base Brutality, With the thick clouds of scowling hate, To gloom the eye that sees his ftate ! Ev’n he whose life thy hand has say’dy By painful vigilance that brav’d Danger and Death—ev’n he shall aim Detraction’s dagger at thy fame! Or in the Hothouse,* or the Hall,+ *Tis thine to drain the cup of gall: Uf Negroes die, and tongues exclaim, The Docter ever bears the blame ; Though hard he strove to cure their woe, And though Oppression dealt the blow ;: Vf care, and skill their numbers raise, The Doctor never reaps the praise. ee * The Negro-hospital. } The cating apartment. 4 riginal Poetry: 248 His fervices remain alone, Unthank’d, unnotic’d, and unknown. Yet, if he like toeat, and drink, Little to read, and less to think, To play, with Busua,} at backgammomne And bend the knee to aim, and Mammoa, And sanctify 11s damned deeds, And swear DECREASE from Heav’n proceeds $ Such pleasures as Jamaica gives May please the Doctor while he lives. And if the pestilence should spare His lavish’d life,—good fortune rare !=e And,—more extrordinary still,— Should practice e’er his pockets fill ; Bankrupt in years, in hope, in healthy Alas! what use has he for wealth? He lives, he dies—a sot, aslaveme Wnwept, forgotten in the grave! Famaica, March, 1808. ee EPITAPH ON A DOG. BY MR. PARRY. [Whoever has paid a visit to Mr. Bozley, of Esless Lodge, near Wrexham, in Denbigh- shire, must have been delighted with the sagacity of his favourite dog George 3 whos after entertaining his master and his friends for fifteen years, died lately ;—and the fol~ lowing Epitaph is placed on a ‘fablet to his memory :] FAERE lies poor George!—my Dog, my Friend, Who ne’er did any one offend 5 He pass’d his harmless*days with mey Where’er I was, there too was he. When bus’ness call’d me far from home, He, like a faithful friend, would comey To cheer me with his pranks by day 5 At night, to guard my lonely way. No more, alas! with merry dance, Will he, with joy, my soul enhance; No more lie stretch’d before my fire 5 No more the harp or flute admire! No more his sparkling eyes will tell How much he lov’d me—and how well. Alas! poor George—this grateful tear Will shew my love too—was sincere. Farewell, fond friend—for e’er farewell ! I to the world thy feats will tell. ‘Long may Isearch—but search in vainy T ne’er shall see thy like again. Eslefs Lodge, dug. 20th, 1808. a THE OWL, AND HIS PUPILS. A FABLE. “¢ Nunguam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit.” W HAT! says th’ AEsopian, sour as sorrely You sannot sure be soabsurdy To rant and prate about a bird, And not explain it by amoral ? Pray tack at least some precepts stale, On virtues cardinal and vices 5 A fable without moral spices Sinks, like a paper-kite without a tail. , t Busha, Bisha, or Obusha, the negro pso- Aunciation ef Overseers Ue Avoiding oe Avoiding then so great asin, With something moral Pll-begin 5 An¢é to the world’s Lord Paramount, great custom, These thoughts Tihumbly castelet him ad- just ’em. iad bagel Where is the use of hoarded science Of books, rules, schools, and heaps in store Of philosophic pomp and lore, : Of threadbare systems, and much more, But to put vicious habits at defiance; ?Gwixt peevish spleen and hoyden joys, To give the soul an egual poise .» And teach the subject passions to dispense With all the toys of appetite and sense ? # A pretty picture this for carnal man ! Whose conduct must, in every feature, ¥ Pronounce him still a sensual creature; From goodness and perfection widely dis- tant, Still veering at a puff—still inconsistent, Not to be scann’d from closets and from : hooks, : From’ bird’s-cye views and learned nooks, Wor to'be squar’d by plummet, rule, or plan.” Reader ! of this make all thy brains are able; ‘Too long a comment always spoils the fable. Upon a branchy trunk, the freehold of our fowl, And fit Lyceum for the lore Of such, and many sages more, Aloft in blear-ey’d majesty was pereh’d an owl 5 1 Sharp hanger had redue’d him to aspectre, A proper plight to give his friends a lecture His slender carcase, and wig widen’d pole, Bespoke a flesh o’ercome and pregnant soul ; Around in dumb attention fix’d, Birds of all beaks their feathers mix’d ; From turkies, eagles, hawks, and hens, To little humming-birds, and wrens. All weil-fledg’d rabbins, doctors, sages, Drew from their wings the longest quill, Their note-books from his lore to fill; And take it home in short-hand pages. His callow audience, from his figure, Thought him ill-qualified to teach; And from his utter loss of vigour, Expected nothing but his dying speech. Proceedings of Learned Societies. +" Te i ee All ready, with a hem, the tutor spokese =~ But to say all he said, ; - ' Would take the longest head, 4] That gravely nodded on the crowded oak 3 This must, however, be recorded, ¥ His lecture much advice alforded, ‘On bridling rampant passions and desires. He taught them in impressive words, What shame it was for well-bred birds To live by micans that brutal force inspires. By rapine, tyrinny, and wanton pow’r, . © Tocut the guiltless insect’s short-liv’d hours When to the beak that reason curbs, Suffictent are the dainty herbs, : That scent with fragrance Nature’s lavish breast : . He sees the pittance hunger needsy And wisely on that little feeds, ne Nor others’ comforts will his claws molest. . Much in this strain his peroration rany While at the bottom of the tree, : in merriment and gambols frees. . A field-mouse scamaper’d, spite of bird or mai Now critics have affirm’d, our ow]’s advice Had been suggested by a want of mice; And that necessity had made him feed, On this and that delicious weed 5 But we can’t vouch, how true the’tale is, It might be told, * ewm grano salis :? Yet thiseye-witnesses do taithfully depose, _ When still the pupils, cautious to let slip A single word, hung silent on his lip, The tutor to his lecture put this awkward close: With lickerish bill he left his pulpit perchy And all the gaping cirele in the Jarch; - And spite of lore recondite, and wise saws, OF maxims, precepts, and fine moral laws, He seiz’l the little victim in bis claws. ps The congregation thus deserted broke j—e * When every billofevery fowl. . ) Rush’d furious on the witless owl, ~ And archly thus a rev’rend magpie spoke + One lesson from our tutor waits us still, To do what natureiprompts is best, To feed, or fly, or tend the nest ; Let fools philosophize and dream their fill ; He that will. do what suits his state andagey Alone deserves the credit of a sage. , A. BE. a PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, — | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. | On the stcnas of the ancients; read by uM. mMoncrz at the PCBLIC SITTING of the 'NSTITUTE, JULY 1, 1808,” Tis not my Inteution (says M. Mon- gez) to treat generally of this subject; on which Folard, in his Commentarigs,on Polvbius, and the Abbé Sallier, ina me- mow read totheAcademy of Belles Lettres In 1236, bave threwn considerable elit: Bat the invenrion of the ‘Pelegraph—an uventign on which ‘Prance “may justly pride herself, has furnished me with means of comparison which they did not possess, and which I shall apply to the explication of several passages in ancient authors relative to signals. ‘The most celebrated of these passages is that in the ‘Tragedy of Agamemnon, (286), where /Eschylus makes Clytemnes- tra announce tothe old menof Argos, that the Greeks bad just captured Troy, aud that this intelligence had bee comma- nicated @onsiderable : betweea 1808.] nicated to her the preceding night. The horus, struck with astonishment, asks who had been able to make such speed to announce it. “ Vulcan (replies. the queen). His fires blazed on Mount Ida; and to these successively answered those of Lemnos, of Mount Athos, of Mount Macistus in Eubea, of Mount Mesapius in Beeotia, on the banks of the Euripus, of Mount Citheron, of Mount /giplanc- _tus, near Meyara, and, lastly, of Mount Arachnzus, which lies nearest to Argos. Hence, (she adds) this succession of fires, which had begun on Mount Ida, reached the palace of the Atrides, Such is the regulation of the signals, of which the first and the last are the most import- ant. By this means my husband has transmitted to me from Troy itself the news of so happy an event.” Ts the above founded on historie facts? This I shall not undertake to prove, But if it be further asked, whether it is pro- bable? Lanswer, As it is founded on geo- graphical positions, it may be submitted to the test of calculation, which I hare attempted in the following memoir. It is true that some men of distinguished erudition have denied the possibility of such a.correspondence by means of bea- eons; but 1 have endeavoured to de- monstrate it, by reference to the results of experiments with the modern tele graphs. It must be borne in mind, that in treating of the signals. used by the an- cients, we must draw our conclusions from observations made with the naked eye, because they had neither spectacles nor. telescopes, using only tubes for the urpose of insulating the points of view. ‘he distance, in a direct line from Mount Ida to Argos, is 39 myriametres(80 mean leagues of 2,500 toises, or 100 short leagues). The Abbé Sallier, however, in his remarks on this passage, in 1736, says, “(it would not exceed 150 of our Paris leagues.” This isa half more than the distance which I have just given, ac- cording to the maps of our colleague, M. Barbier Dubocage; and hence we ina form a judgmeut of the state of geogra~ phical knowledge, even relative ta the seus and countries of Europe, betore the improvements ‘introdaced by the illus- trious Danville. Lhave endeavoured to prove the pos- Bibility of what is said by Clytemnestra, by submitting to calculation a fact of the same kind, the most ‘remarkable records ed by ancient writers; and where .the distance is mucli greater than the most nny of the bea- Proceedings of Learned Societwes. al 247 cons established by Agamemnon. Vas lerius Maximus (hb. i. cap. 48,) says, “ With what astonishment do we hear of aman’s having so piercing a sight as to be able to, distinguish, from Lilybeum (in. Sicily) the fleets that were coming out of Carthage (on the coast of Africa.”) This has. not only an air of the marvel+ lous, but appears absolutely false.- It is, however, only an exaggeration; and a passage of Polyauus (Stretag.. lib. ‘vi. cap. 16, No. 2,) will assist us im explain- ing it. That writer informs us, that the Carthaginians, when carrying onjwar in Sicily, employed the following means for the purpose of obtaining expeditiously from Africa such succours or supplies as they might bein want of. They took two clepsydre of exactly the same size, and, having drawn upon each of them several circles at equal distances, inscribed in each circle such short sentences as the following: ‘ We are in want of trans ports, of money, of warlike instruments, of corn,’ and the like. One of these clep- sydra was kept in Sicily, and the other sent to Carthage; with instructions, the instant they should see a signal by fire in Sicily, to let the clepsydra run till they saw asecond signal; when they should mark the circle to which the water had sunk, and sead ‘without delay the articles inscribed in that circle. The purport of their signals would, no doubt, be care~ fully concealed ; but a Sicilian, observing that the arrival of each convoy regularly followed the appearance of the’’sigual, might easily conclude that the signal caus+ ed the {leet to be dispatched. He might then, at the sight of exeh signal, forevel that a convey would soon arrive. But in order to give to his prediction an air of the marvellous, he might say, ‘I see a fleet coming out of the port of Car- thage.” . These beacons were fired on the pro- moutory of Lilybaum, at present Mars salla. They must have been observed, not at Carthage {for that eity did not stand on an eminence) but at the nearest promontory, that of Hermwum, at. pre- seut called Cape Bon, which is distant from Lilybeum 15 myriametres, 1051 (31 mean jeagues, or of 2;500 toises, such as were always used by Vanville). A simple trigonometrical culeulation has given me the height which these pro- montories must have had, to enable a person stationed at one of them to see, notwithstanding the spherical shape of the earth, fire on the other, This height is G72 metres, 42 (345 toises), a tittle more ‘ Gsland of Lemnos. ‘altitude, without refraction. ==" « ea ee 213 more than double the height of the tower of Nétre Dame, four times the height of the large pyramid ; or three times that ef Mount Valerien. Not a mountain then, but only a bill, was required for displaying the signals at Lilybeum ; if we follow the usual distinction of giving the name of mountain only to heights exceeding 1,000 metres, or 515 thises. Another question may here arise, whe- ther it were possible to see so far with the naked eye? At Lyons they distinctly see without glasses Mont-Blanc, distant from that city about 18 myriametres, 029 (57 Jeagues): and from Nice one>may dis- cover with the naked eye the mountains ef Corsica, which are distant 28 myriame- tres (about 57 leagues). The first of these distances exceeds a fifth, and the second is almost double, the interval be- tween Marsalla and Cape Bon. There cannot, therefore, any doubtre- main respecting the factgivenbyPolyanus, By applying the same calculations to the signals of Agamemnon, | have proved the possibility of them with respect to the distances between the different stations ; for the greatest of them is half'a myria~ metre (a league) less than that from Mar- salla to Cape Bon. But are the stations of Agamemnon’s beacons likewise suffi- ciently high to render the signals visible? —Lhave proved this by reference to their heights, as taken from the computations of navigators. That of Mount Athos is the only one I have not obtained in a direct manner. Itis not inserted in any geo- graphical work ; we find, indeed, a note engraved on Arrowsmitl’s map of the Envirous of Constantinople, that it is equal to 35 feet; butitdoes notsay, whe- ther this be the result of trigonometrical operations, or merely an estimate. [have endeavoured to obtain ‘the height of Mount Athos from a passage of Pliny, (lib. iv. cap. 12, sec. 23), where that na- tural historian informs us, that at the solstice Mount Athos projects its shade on the market-place of Myrrhina, in the I have supposed, that ‘at the summer solstice, (when, according to the position of the two places, the shadow of the mountain would extend towards Lemnos), the sun, near the time of setting, had a sexagesimal degree of The re- solution of a rectangular triangle, the mean side of which 1s the chord of the terrestrial arc, which separates Mount Athos from Myrrbina, and the small side the height of the mountain, gives for the latter 1,360 metres, 4 (698 tolses, 2) _ Proceedings of Learned Societics. 7? we ——_— ha ” [O& 1; which is more than the height of Vesu- vius, but less than that of Puy-de-Dome. It remains to be proved, that one night was suilicient for transmitting intel- ligence, by means of these signals, from Troy to Argos, The philologists who before me have commented on this pas- sage, had no facts to adduce in elucidation of this question ; but the results of expe- riments made with the telegraph has enabled me to throw more light on it. In the month of August, 1794, the city of Condé was retaken by the French, at seven o'clock in the morning. The te- legraph of Lille, which is distant from Condé 4.39 myriametres (nine leagues) transmitted the news of the capture to Paris, where it arrived between nine and ten o'clock. ‘The telegraph of Paris im- mediately transmitted to that of Lille the decree of the National Assembly, de- claring that the army had deserved well of their country; and by the same means the Assembly received on the same day, between seven and eight o’clock in the evening, the address of the army, expres- sive of their thanks for the honour con- ferred on them. Thus in the space of fourteen hours intelligence was convey- ed through a space of 59 myriametres, (or 123 leagues), i. e. a third more than the length of the line of beacons estab- lished by Agamemnon, - Encouraged by this result, I applied the same method to the illustration of other passages of ancient authors, rela- tive to signals, Czsar (BellGall, vii. cap. 3), speaking of the Romans who had been massacred at Genabuin (Orleans), says, “ When any event of importance, and which concerns the general interests of the nation, happens amongst’ the Gauis, they communicate the intelligence of it by loud cries across the fields. These cries are heard by others, who in like manner repeat them to their neigh- bours. This was done on the present occasion ; for before the end of the first watch, the inhabitants of the borders of the Averni (Auvergne,) had been made acquainted with what had been transact- ed at Genabum (Orleans) at sun. rise, though the interval be about 160,000 paces (23 nfyriametres, 555, or 49 leagues of 2,500 toises),”” In order to ascertain whether what is here recorded excceds the bounds of possibility, I made some experiments in the Place des Invalides ; and I learned from the results, that in calm weather, or at a distance from hills or hauses which cause an echo, or ina plain, we cannot ¢ 17a - a a L; i 3808.] ar - * cannot distinctly hear one or more words * Toudly vociferated at’ a greater distance than 91 metres, or, aliout 260 French feet. Tt may, however, be extended to 97 me- _tres (or about 300 feet) by persons with strong voices, who are habituated to this ind of exercise. The same result did not happen with respect to inarticulate sounds, or the cries or exclamations used by bargemen, sailors, officers giving the word of command, who pronounce only _the iast syllable distinctly, &c. These exclamations may he understood at ‘much greater distance; and certain travellers (probably with that exag- “geration which distinguishes most of ‘their narratives) inform us, that the American savages inform their compa~ -nions, of their danger by means of ‘cries, which are understood at the distance of ‘half a league. _ Supposing then, first, that these cries of the Gauls were intelligible at the distance of ninety-seven metres (about fifty toises); secondly, that the persons employed in the correspondence | had been stationed ina direct line. from Ge- nabum (Orleans) to Gergovia, (a town which stood on a mountain on the bor- ders of the Averni, not far from the place where Clermont was afterwards. built,) distant from each other 28 myriametres for about 53 leagues), it would appear that -2630 men, or 50 for each league, _ would have been required. If so consi- derable a number had been employed in the transmitting of the intelligence, we must suppose that they were stationed before hand for that particular purpose, or, what is still more improbable, that they had been so engaged from, the be- guming of the war. The narrative. of Cesar, then, idoes not appear to be accu- “Tate: but it may be brought nearer to probability, by supposing that they were ‘signals, the nature of which had been -earefully concealed from the Roman ge- feral, and which, deceived by the popular rumours, he had been induced to believe to be only certain cries. These beacons “might have been placed near the scite _ of the town of Bourges, at Toul-Sainte- Croix, and Puy.de Dome. Each of these - distances, is less than that from, the pro- -montory of Lilybzum, to Cape Bon. “This explication. of the fact related by Czsar, is simple and very probable, and I accordingly propose it with confi- ‘dence. - ‘It isa mistake to suppose that the an- “cients used instruments for the purpose of increasing the strength and loydyess of »Montury Mac., No. 176. Proveedings of Learned Societies. ‘kind of speaking-trumpet. 249 the voice; and the word clamore, in this passage of Cwsar, expressly does away every idea of it. The speaking-trumpet of the moderns has not been invenjed two hundred years. Would the ancients have so often praised particular, men on account of the extraordinary strength of their voice, if by such an instrument they had been able tu quaduplicate the strength and extent of the human yoice ? Would Homer have several times men- tioned Stentor, if a speaking-trumpet could .haye enabied Agamemnon to give his orders in such a manner, as to. be distinctly heard and understood by his whole army ? Cleomenes, the astronomer, (Cycl. Theor, Jib. ii, p..169,) says, “ Xerxes sta- tioned men, at various places from Susa to Athens, for the purpose of speedily conveying intelligence to Persia, of the event of his warlike operations against the Athenians. By this means news ar- rived in Persia from, Greece, in the space of one night and one day,” .Qn_ the maps of Danville, the distance in a direct line from Athens to Susa, is about 234 myriametres (or 480 leagues). But.as this correspondence is not said to haye been carried on by means of carrier. pigeons, and the.Egean Sea would have interrupted the vocal transmission, we must add to. the distance the.extent of road between Athens and the Hellespont. The real distance thus becomes 253 my- riametres (520 leagues); and for such a mode of correspondence as is mentioned by Cleomenes, no less than 26,000 men would have been required ; and 1t is quite incredible, that so greata, number, should -haye been so employed. Di es What, Dioderus..Siculus (xix,.cap..47, p- 331,.ed..Wesseling,) relates.of Eume- nes,.js .still more marvellous. ‘He says -that, beingencamped on the-banks of the Tigris, and. wishing «to |be joined by “40,060 archers fiom-the- most remote parts of the Persian empire, he eins ployed for that purpose the vocal! corres “spondence established in that country; ,and that by thisaneans, his orders were transmitted in the course of asingle day, to. provinces at the distance. of ,30 days journey. , itis necessary to remark, here, that; Diodorus -expressly. says, that. for this business they chose such, persons as had the strongest voices: from which we may conclude. that they did-not use any A day’s jours ney in Asia, is usually reckoned ‘to be about 5 myriqmetres: the 30 days jour+ ney would accordingly be equal to 150 Kk myriametres, —<— 250 Correct myriametres, (or about 308 leagues ;) and 15,408 men would have been required. Is it probable that Xerxes should have -employed ina single line of correspon- dences 26,000, Eumenes 15,009, and the Gauls 3000 men? [fs it not more natural to suppose, that this vocal correspondence was a false report, circulated by the re- spective governments for the purposes of drawing off the attention of the enemy from the signals, by means of which the correspondence was actually carried on. Diodorus himself authorizes this con- ‘ Jecture; for in the same book where the passage relative to Eumenes is found, he says of Antigonus, another of Alexan- der’s generals, that “ he stationed through- out all Asia fire-beacons and messengers, that his orders might be promptly com- municated and exccuted.” The real means, then employed, for the quick transmission of intelligence, were various kinds of signals and couriers. Thus Herodotus, whose veracity is ac- knowledged by all, does not attribute - any, other to the Persians, (viii. 664, ed. Wesseling;) neither does the author of the treatise De Mundo, (cap. vi.) which is found in the collection of the works ascribed to Aristotle. The latter says wv 4 fois. il be td ae List of New Publications. FOct. 4, . * expressly: “the kings of Persia had sta-_ tioned in the country of Asia, subject to their sway, ........ messengers on foot, and couriers on horseback, centinels, guards and observers of signals, thing was so well regulated, especially for the correspondence by means of fire- signals, that the king might have intelli- gence sent him in one day’s time of any commotions that happened in Asia, from the confines of the empiré to Susa and Ecbatana.” Here we find that this author has, with great care, enumerated the modes em- ployed by the Kings of Persia: but he does not attributete the human voice or the swiftness of horses the transmission of intelligence, from the extremities of Asia to Susa, in one day’s time: which would have been impossible. He ex- pressly attributes this effect to fire-signals, which might succeed each other with the greatest rapidity. It is true that these signals, being con- fined in number and position, could con- vey only the substance of the news: but couriers soon afier brought the details : and in this manner the correspondence, by means of our modern telegraphs, is still conducted. f LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN SEPTEMBER. —a AGRICULTURE. HE Experimental Farmer; being Stric- tures on various Branches of Husbandry and Agriculture, drawn from a long Series of * Practice in various Parts of Great Britain ; by Thomas Tibbs, 8vo. 6s. Good Advice for the Husbandmen in Har- vest, and for all Others who labour hard in warm Weather; by T. Beddoes, M. D. 7s. TheGentleman Farmer and Husbandman’s most useful Assistant, in measuring and ex~ ~peditiously computing the Value of any Quan- tity of Land at various given Prices per Acre, from 1s. to 101. by W. Francis, 2s. 6d. ARTS, FINE. 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HE improvements in the organ are effected by a pedal under key- board, and an extra slide to every stop in the sdund-board to the extra pipes, viz. sharps and flats ; which by depressing the pedal with the foot, brings on the sharp scale, and by elevating the pedal brings on the: flat-scale; and as the flats go off, the sharps are brought on, and Inversely as the sharps go off, the flats are brought on by the action of the pedal communicated to the additional slide, with double holes adapted to the addi- . Honal pipes; namely, five pipes to each octave. The improvement in the piano- forte is effected by adding seven diatonic and five flat tones to the present scale of twelve fixed tones, Which form two chro- ‘matic scales; the one is termed a flat’ scale, and the other a sharp scale: this is done by two sets of springs, of two uni- sohs to each set, which are acted upon, without the addition of a key to the key- board, by a pedal, by which the key- board is made to move forward and back- ward, about one-fourth of av inch; the same hammers striking each set of strings, both in the flat and sharp scale, by depressing the pedal with the foot when the sharp scalé is wanted, and ele- vating the pedal when the flat scale’ is wanted, —_FE MR. SAMUEL PHELPS’s (LAMBETH,) for certain Improvements in the Manu- facture of Soup. The first thing we notice in this speci- fication is, an increase of size in the boil- er, and instead of raising the temperature of the “goods,” viz. the leys, &c. to the boiting heat by the application of fire alone,, Mr. Phelps introduces sitéam through a pipe or pipes, into the said goods; and he finds that the re-action, or pressure afforded, by suffering the steam to pass into the goods at about four feet below the surface, is sufficient to cause ‘the same to boil very speedily, and to produce a perfect union of the parts in leSs tine, and with a less expenditure of leys than in the ordinary process of ma- king soap. He prevents the rising of the goods from the boiler or vessel, into the steam boiler, by interposing cocks, or valves, between the steam boiler, and that in which the soap is made. Since condensation of the steam, allowance for - the same is made by using leys of niuch greater strength, or in larger quantities, mi? MESSRS. FOURDRTNTER’s (LONDON,) for muking Paper by means of Muchines, &c. The term of this patent, which has been obtained at different periods, is ex- tended to fifteen vears from August 14, 1807. ‘he improvements now given, as _the last and most perfect, consist in using a revolving web of wove wire, or other similar material applicable in like manner as a web; the same being made endless by joining its ends together, similar to a round towel, or by baving it wove end- less, and in applying such web to the ma- - king or manufacturing of paper, accor- ding to the arrangement atid’ application of the revolving of endless web, in con- nection with other mechanical apparatus, Tn this manufacture, the pulp or ma- terial of which the paper is intended to be made, having been prepared in the usual way, is’ deposited in a proper re- ceptacle or vat. It is theré brought to its proper consistency, by mixing it with water. It is then sufferedto run through certain ajfertures in the side or front of the vat, and conducted from thence by an inclined plane, in'an uniform stream upon the surface of the revolving web, which is so placed, that its surface shall be as nearly level as possible, and shall have its revolving motion in the direction in which the stream of pulp runs from the vat. This web is kept extended longitu= _ dinally by two principal or extreme roll-” ers, upon which it revolves; and the up- per part thereof, upon which the paper is formed, is supported and kept level by a number of small rollers placed parallel with the other two, and at such distances from each other as to prevent the web from being pressed or weighed dewn by the pulp into the spaces between them, and also to cause the pulp té sjread itself uniformly upon the surface of the web or sheet, thereby producing a sheet of paper of an uniform thickness. “The width of the sheet of paper is determined by two pieces of wood, set edge-ways upon the web, exactly parallel with each other, and with the line of motion of the web. These pieces require no particular pre- cision. as. to their dimensions, but are generally about three inches in depth, ; one inch and a quarter thick, and about four by the’ introduction of steam, the strengths” of the leys is somewhat altered by the _ “a = i . 199840), - four feet Jong, extending from that part of the web which is next the vat, ia the direction of the line of motion. Between, and in contact, as well with the under- edges of these pieces, as with the upper surface of the web, are placed two end- legs straps of leather gf a width corre- sponding to the thickness of the pieces; which cause them to revolve upon pullies with a velocity exactly equal to the velo- city of the revolving web. ‘There are similar pieces and straps in contact with the under surface of the web, and exactly opposite to those upon the-upper su: face ; so that the webis pressed between the upper and under straps and pieces, and the liquid pulp is thereby prevented from running off towards the sides. These pieces and their straps are called dick/es, Near that part of the web upon which, the pulp falls from the inclined plane, and between it.and the vat, is placed a flap of oiled silk, or other fiexible mate- . rial; one edge of which rests upon the web, the other being fastened to a_piece of wood laid across the surface of the web, but not touching it; the length of the said piece corresponding to the width between, and being supported at each end by the dickles. The flap of oiled silk is to prevent the pulp from running back towards the vat. Between the two principal or extreme rollers upon which the web revoives, and about two feet and a half from one of them, and between that and the vat, are placed two other rollers, or cylinders, one above the other; and they cause the upper part of the web, with the paper forming thereon, to pass between them for the purpose of pressing out the water; and from this use of them, they ave called the first or wet-press cy- Heiden: or rollers. In order to guard the pulp, which, before passing between the cylinders, is yet ina soft state, from being dislodged or otherwise injured by the upper roller, or cylinder, coming imme- diately in contact with it; they use an- other revolving web of wove wire, or other fit uraterial, which in this case may be of felting, of the same width as the one above-mentioned, but not so long. To distinguish which last-mentioned web, from the other web before-mentioned, _ they call the fivst-mentioned web by the name of the under web, and the web now deseribing the upper web: the bottom part of the said upper web, passes he- tween the two cylinders, so tiat its under surface falls upon the surface of the pulp, or paper, and defends i from the action ome ats ,heu New. Patents lately enrolled. 253 of the upper cylinder. ‘This:upper web is kept extended by, and made to revolve. , . upon two rollers, placed ove on each side of the wet, press cylinder, and at a convenient heishtabove them. The wet press cylinders, are provided with a com- pressing apparatas at each end, to give the necessary pressure to the paper. It is evident, then, that, if motion is given in the proper direction to the wet press cylinders, having both the webs thus com- pressed between them, such webs will be drawn along by them, and caused to re- volve upon their respective rollers, and that as long as these webs continue so to revolve, and the pulp continues supplied aud running upon the surface of the une der web, so long wil) the machiie con- tinue making a sheet of paper of conti- nually increasing length, But as the paper, after having passed between the first press cylinders, has not. obtained such a degree of consistency and strength, as to allow of its being removed trom the machine, and cut into sheets, and laid in packs; they therefore cause it to pass through a second pair of pressing cylin- ders, whicly are denominated the second or dry press, where it receives such a further degree of pressure aud consequent strength, as to fit it for all the subsequent operations necessary to finishing it for market. The paper, after it has passed the first press, and arrived at theextreme roller upon which the, web revolves, is detached from the surface of the web, and.deposited upon the revolving felting, and with it made to pass between the second press cylinders. The paper is then collected and wound upon reels, or rollers, which ave successively removed and others applied, as they become char- ged or filled with paper. The long sheets of paper thus obtained are, by a subse- quent process, cut into others of the re- quired dimensions. We now proceed. to describe, nearly in the words of the patentees, the means used for subdividing or cutting the long sheets of paper into others, or smaller ones of the required dimensions: “ We (say they) construct a wooden frame or table, of a convenient height, its length is detes- mined by the dimensions of the sheets of paper into which the long sheets, upon the reels or rollers, are to be subdivided or cut, and, its width is made somewhat. more than the widest sheet which cun be made by the machine, by which the paper was fotmed. ‘Tie reel, or voller, containing the paper intended to be cut, is ewe ie Fe Cee eS 254 is placed immediately above one end of the said table at right angles, with its longer sides, anc parallel with the top or upper surface thereof, The pivots, or axis of the reel) or soller, are supported and allowed to turn into two wooden posts affixed to the ends of the table, for that purpose ; so that two workmen, one on each side of the said table, by laying hold of the corners of the sheet may draw it from the reel, and spread it upon the table preparatory to its being cut or subdivided into smaller ones. Near that’ eud of the table over which the reel, or rojler is suspended, and parallel with the reel, we place two long hardened steel plates, about three inches in width, and about one-eighth or one-tenth of an inch thick,and their length ought to exceed the width of the widest paper, to be cut about thirty inches. These steel plates we affix to two strong iron bars, by means of screws, or clamps, one steel plate upon each bar; and place them in such a posi- tion across the table, that the upper edges of the steel plates may be parallel with, and about one twentieth of an inch from each other, and in the same plane with the upper surface of the table upon which the paper is to be spread. The under, or lower edyes of the steel plates are extended to a considerable distance from each other, so that a vertical section of the plates, or a section made at right angles with their edges, would form two sides of an equilateral triangle nearly, or their relative position would somewhat resemble the outer strokes, or legs of the letter A. And we cause the upper edges of the said steel plates to be ground, so that the basils formed by grinding the edges of the said steel plates may be in a line with each other, or in the same plane with the surface of the table, or nearly so, and that the inside or opposed edges of the two plates may be sharp, We likewise construet one or more har- dened steel wheel or wheels, about three inches diameter, turned true, with ashar edge round the same, basiled away oh both sides, similar to the edge of a hard or cold chisel, commonly used for cut- ting iron when cold; and in each wheel we affix a transverse axis or arbor, upon which they may revolve. The edges of these wheels being applied between the opposed edges of the hardened steel plates, and the wheel or wheels caused to revolve upon them from one end to the other, the paper having been previously spread upon the table, and oyer the edges of the said steel plates ; and the said New Patents lately enrolled. Oct. t,' steel wheel, or wheels, Being held down by a sufficient weight, the paper is cat by their action against the sharpened edges — of the steel plates, as they revolve upon such steel plates. And to facilitate the operation, and render itmore expeditious, — ve.cause two other hardened steel plates, similar to those above described, to be * placed across the table in a similar posi- tion, ‘and further from that end of the table over which the reel is “suspended, ' and exactly parallel with the former ones, and at such a distance from them, as ' corresponds to the dimensions of the sheets of paper to be cut, from the larger or longer one upon the reel jor roller; and by applying two of the above descri- bed hardened steel] wheels ata convenient distance from each otber, upon the edges of one pair of the steel plates,and by con- necting the said three wheels firmly to- gether by means of proper frame-work, in which the arbors or axes of the said wheels turn, and whereby the wheels themselves are held in'a proper position, and their edgeg falling into the space be- tween the edges of each pair of steel plates respectively, we obtain a carriage with three wheels, capable of supporting itself upon those wheels, two on one side, and one upon the other; and upon the said carriage we placea box containing a weight, or a number of weights, sufficient to produce the effect above described, viz. occasioning such a resistance be- tween the hardened steel wheels, and the edves of the steel plates, asto separate or cut the paper placed between them. The iron bars supporting the second pair of steel plates, or those furthest from the- reel, are so affixed to the frame of the table, that they may be moved nearer to, or further’from the other pair of steel plates, and againiset parallel) therewith ; and likewise the frame-work to which the steel wheels are affixed is so constructed, that the distance between the one wheel on one side, and the twoother wheels on the opposite side, may be made equal to the distance between the edges of the two pair of steel plates, according to the in- tended dimensions of the sheets of paper required. “* Having, as above, described and ascer- tained the application and use of the in- struments, as well as the instruments themselves, which we now use for cutting or subdividing the paper, so as to ren- der it perfectly intelligible to a mecha= nist, we need not here enter more parti- cularly into any further description in re - lation to the construction or conforma- tion y » 4808.) _ tion of the said instruments; but, for the . better understanding their application, we do further describe the operation of cut- ting or subdividing the sheets of paper, as the same is performed by us; that is to say—the table and instruments are to be placed ator near the end of the machine by which the paper is made, and as soon as one of the reels or rollers becomes charged or filled with paper, we _Yemove the said reel or roller from the machine, and place it upon the supports or posts affixed to the end of the cutting table, upon which the steel plates and wheels have been previously adjusted to their proper distances, &c. ‘Two work- men, one stationed on each side of the table, draw the paper from the reel, and Spread it upon the said table, depositing the first end of the paper, which is al- Ways rough and uneven, over or beyond » the pair of steel plates furthest from the reel, taking care at the same time to lay the edges of the paper parallel with the edge of the table, or rather at right an- gles with the edges of the steel plates, in ) order thatthe angles or corners of the sheets of paper, when cut, may be squdre ; and these workmen are guided or direct- €d in this operation, by having several conspicuous lines drawn along the table Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 7255 in the proper direction, parallel to which lines they Jay the edges of the sheét, The paper being thus deposited or spread uniformly upon the table, and over the edges of the stecl plates, the man on whose side the carriage with the three- cutting wheel stands, pushes it across the table to the man on the opposite side,’ where it-is retained ready for a second operation. By thus passing the wheels ever for the first time, the rough or un- even end of the sheet is separated at the plates farthest from the reel, another se- paration being made at the same tine by the plates nearest to the reel, leaving one whole sheet of paper between the two pair of steel plates. The paper is again drawn from tiie reel, and spread upon the table; aud the end of the sheet being now square and even, is laid so much over or beyond the edges of the steel plates irchese from the reel, as will leave a sheet of paper’when the next separa- tion or cutting is made. ‘Two sheets be- ing now separated by each cutting after the first, the wheels ave again passed over, and the sheets thus separated at each cutting are removed, and laid into packs by children employed for that pue= pose.” VARIETIES, Lirerary AND PHILOSOPHICAL. Including Notices of Worksin Hand, Domestic and Foreign. %_* Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received. Sa ROFESSOR DAVY has read a pa- per before the Royal Society, con- taining an account of his various new and important electrical experiments on the tapi of the earths (already de-. tailed in this’ Magazine), by which this | distinguished philosopher has shewn that they are all metallic oxides, and has thus an era in chemical philosophy. likewise must iead to great improvements e which sciences has. hitherto wanted ele- ments. In the same communication in _ which these facts are announced, a most _ important experiment of two Swedish chemists, Messrs. Benzelius and Pontin, is mentioned. These gentlemen bave _ gombined the basis of volatile alkali with qiicksilver, and in this way bave formed in ‘ ~ inmineralogy and geology, the last of “ an amalgam. Here is something metallic apparently composed of two gases, a ciftcumstance in which the dreams of the alchemists seem to be realized. * A Life of St. Neot, the elder brother of Alfred the Great. by the Rev. Joun Wuiraker, B.D. is in the press. The British and Foreign Bible Society has lately received a contribution from several congregations in the connection of the late Rev. Jozn WesvLery, amount- ing to nearly 1$001. [t appears from the annual reports of this Society, that the plan of contributing to its support by lo- cal and congregational collections origi- nated in Wales, was afterwards adopted on a large scale in Scotland, and has since been acted upon in various parts of England, particularly in Birmingham, where the several denominations ‘of Christians united their exertions, and raised on’ its behalf a considerable sum, Mr. 256 Mr. Bevrour intends speedily to pub- lish, in two volumes 8vo. Illustrations of Don Quixote, tending to confirm and elucidate several real events related in that ingenious novel; to convey intelli- gence of authors and sof books therein cited; to discover the sources whence Cervantes bas adopted various stories and adventures, improved by the glow of bis ‘own fertile imagination; to disclose his continual allusions to works of chivalry and romance ; and develope the satire he employs to correct ‘the follies and vices of the Spanish nation ; with eccasioual reflections on certain doctrines and opi- nions which be advances or supports, Mr. Grorcr Monvacu’s Supplement to Testacea Britannica is nearly finished, and will be ready for delivery by the be- ginning of October. A Useful and elegant anatomical work, in folio, will be published in October, 1808, entitled, Anatomico-Chirurgical Views of ‘the Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces, with appropriate explanations and references to the parts, by Mr. J. J. Warr, surgeon; desiyned by the author to illustrate the anatomy of these organs ~as.ithey appear, in different sections of the head, and performed with the strictest attention to anatomical accuracy. The engravings wil] be four in number, con- taining six views ‘of the parts of their na- tural size, and accompanied with the same number of outline figures of refe- rence ; together with an additional ana- tomical description of these. organs, by Mr. -W. Lawrencr, demonstrater of anatomy, St. Bartholomew’s-hospital. Miss Anna Munpii intends to; pub- ‘lish any Account of a few of the most re- emarkable ‘Trees and Plants, colletted and abbreviated from the best authori- ties. Mr. Horttoway, author of the Péa- sant’s Fate, Scenes’ of Youth, British YMuseum of Natural History, &c. has in ‘the press, and'in a few days will publish, a volume of familiar and descriptive Po- etry, called the Minor Minstrel. Mr. Lavrence Dunvas CampsEty “is engaged upon a History of India, du- ~ring the administration ef Marquis Wel- lesley, from the year 1797 to 1806; “comprising an examination of his lord- ship’s system of policy, both foreign and ‘domestic, aud a complete account of . the actual state of the British provinces, -in all their relations under the operation ~of that system. To the history will be «prefixed an: introductory chapter, con- 2 Literary and Philosophical Tntélligence. Oct. iy, ' rr ‘taining a review of the genius and cha- racter of the ‘people of Hindostan; of the principles, constitution, and policy of the native governments ;’ of the rela- tive situation uf those governments’ re- spectively, and ‘of the ‘British empire in India; of the general state of the empire and its dependencies, during the admi- nistrations of Marquis Cornwallis, and Lord Teignmouth; and finally, of ‘the political, civiland military condition in which it was placed at the period of Marquis Wellesley’s arrival in that coun- try. The whole of this, work is compo- sed from official records, and other ori- ginal documents, of which some inter- esting parts will be given in an Appendix, It will be illustrated with a general map of Hindostan, and embellished with a portrait of Marquis Wellesley. It will form two thick volumes quarto, and is intended to appear in the spring of 1809, i Mr. B. Boorntoyn, has in the press, and will publish as speedily as due at- tention to correctness will admit, a new edition of Bishop Newcome’s justly ad- . mired version of the Minor Prophets, with additional notes on the. prophet Hosea, from’ Bianey and Horsley. The remains of Hesiod translated from the Greek into English verse by CHARLES Azravam Exon, esq. will speedily ap- pear. ‘They will be accompanied with a dissertation.on the poetry andumytholo- gy, the life and era of Hesiod, and co- pious notes; together with a head of Hesiod, from a genuine antique. The Rev. T. Sransacx, lecturer of Helstone, proposes to publish in two large volumes octavo, the Four Gospels, and Acts uf the Apostles, with annota- tions, critical, explanatory and practical, chiefiy selected: from the most able com. mentators in divinity, ancient and mo- dern. ‘lo each chapter, will he added, reflections drawn from some striking por- tion of its contents. ~ An Account of the Life and Writings of the late Mr, Josern Srrurr, embel- lished witha correct likeness of that au- thor, is in the press. : Mr. Draxaron, of Stamford, is print- ing a Guide to Burleigh House, the seat of the Marquis of Exeter; to be embellished with engravings. Dr, Sarrru, will shortly publish a work in one volume octavo, under the title of . Botanical | Illustrations, intended as va continuation of his Introduction to Bo tany. * ‘ ¥ —aelCU™ 1808.] Mrs. Carre is preparing for the press, a complete History of the Life of Christ, as related by the four Evangelists; in- terweaving into one continued narrative, their several accounts’ of. the miracles performed in proofs of his mission, of his prophetic warnings, awful admonitions, moral precepts, and various controver- sies with the Jewish rulers; terminating in his crucifixion, resurrection, and final remuneration. She has endeavoured to ascertain as nearly as possible, the order of time in which the several discourses, and the extraordinary events which gave Fise to them took place, in the hope of exciting an encreasing interest in the pe- tusal of the sacred records, by exhibiting a more comprehensive view of the whole ministry of Christ, and thereby throw- ing additional light on many exceedingly important, and beautiful passages. The whole is illustrated by a series of notes, explanatory of eastern phraseology, of ancient customs, manners, opinions, and prejudices; formerly transcribed by the editor, from the short-hand papers of her late husband, the Rev. Newcome Cappe. This work is divided into sec- tions, and at the close of each sec- tion, such practical reflections are de- duced, as naturally rise out of the subject. So many valuable books particularly in classical and oriental literature, have been published by the University of Ox- ford, during the last fifty years; that it will, we doubt not, gratify some of our readers, to be informed what has been lately done, and what is now doing at the Clarendon press. Dr. Wurre, au- thor and editor of many well known works, has just published the second vo- lume of his “ Novuin Testamentum: Gree- cum,” with the various readings, which in Griesbach’s judgment are to be pre- ‘ferred, or to be considered equal to the received text. It isscarcely necessary to add that the learned professor printed in 1778, at the Clarendon press, ‘* Testa- menti Novi Versionem Syriacum Phi-+ loxenianam,” the Diatessaron in 1803, and the“ Specimen Historia Arabum,” by Dr. Pococke in 1806; or that he has also published the Political and Military Institutes of Tamerlane ; with a first vo- lume of Aigyptiaca, A second volume of the latter will not be published by Dr. White,as intended; but the learnedprofes- sor AnTHony SyLvesrreE De Saci of Paris, will give a French translation, accompa- ‘nied with the Arabic original and notes of that work, which was to have compo- ed Dr, White’s second volume, Pro= Monruny Mac., No. 176. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 257 fessor White is also preparing for the press, “‘ Sylloge Crisews Griesbach.” Mr. Mozetey, a gentleman of this universi- ty, distinguished for his acquaintance with Arabic literature, has just publish- ed his “Vita Abdollatiphi,” in Arabie and Latin, a work to which Arabic scho- lars have for some time been. looking with considerable expectation. A new edition of Hephestio’s Enchiridion on Greek Metres, a work much wanted, is now in the Clarendon press; the editor is that excellent scholar, Mr. Garsrorp. ‘Herodotus ex editione Reizii,” in two vo- lumes octavo, has just appeared. Bib- lical students will be glad to be informed that though Dr. Holmes has some time been dead, his transcripts of MSS. are notlost. Of his Old Testament from the Greek version of the Septuagint, with various readings; the Pentateuch, with the Prophet Daniel, and a general preface, have already appeared. ‘They were published in ‘separate numbers. Two gentlemen of the University are now employed in collating the transcripts of MSS, brought by Dr. Holmes into this country, and another number of this work may be expected soon. The fol- lowing works are also in the press: “Lowth de Sacra Poesi Hebreorum,” vols, 8vo.; “ Euripides, Grece, notis Mus- graye,” 8vo.; Sophocles Grece, notis Elmsley,” 8vo.; “ Wyttenbachi® Ani« madversiones in Plutarchi Moralia,” 4to, and 8vo. These animadversions will, in bulk, nearly equal the original work. One volume of the former has not yet appeared, but isin great forwardness, Andropici Rhodi Ethicorum Nimas eheorum Paraplirasis,” 8vo.; ‘ Cicero de Oratore,” 8vo,; Terentii Comes diz,” 18mo0,; Shuckford’s Connection of the Sacred and Profane History of the World, 2 vols. 8vo. Bishop Burnet’s Abridgment of the History of the Refore mation, 8vo. Republications also of Aristotle’s Ethics, and Xenophon’s Ana basis are in great forwardness, That important improvement in the art of printing, called the Stereotype, so zeae lously promoted by the ingenious Lord Stanhope, bas been introduced here. The excellence of this inode of printing, as is well known, consists in cheapness and correctness: but from its nature is ap= plied only to works of rapid sale. The only books hitherto stereotyped by Mr. Collinson, the University printer, are bibles; but in due course of time schoole books and other works that ave inv great demand, will be stereotyped. Li Dr, — aoe CTC. “i ls | ae ral 258 « Dr, Mavor, whose Agricultural Re- port of Berkshire will speedily be pub- lished, has Jong had it in contemplation to bring out a new edition, with georgical notes, of Tusser’s Five Hundred Points of good Husbandry, a work now become extremely scarce, and which furnishes many ‘excellent precepts in the science of agriculture, delivered in an original style of poetical composition, The quaintness of the Elizabethan age, mixed with much good sense and good humour, distinguishes the work of Tusser, and ren- ders him equally entertaining and useful. . Dr.’ Apams, Physician to the Small Pox Hospital, author of the Treatise on Morbid Poisons, &c. &c. has undertaken Dr. Batty’s Department of the Medical and Physical Journal. The Author of the Age of Frivolity has in the press a volume of Poems, con~ sisting of ‘Tales, Sonnets, and Character- istic pieces. . Dr. AnpRrEw Grant, who has. re- cently returned from South America, has in the press a History of Brazil, which will contain a geographical and historical account of thatimportant colony, with a description of the manners, customs, religion, &c. of the natives; interspersed with remarks on the nature of its soil, climate, productions, and foreign and internal commerce; to which will be subjoined, observations on the most prevalent diseases incident to the cli- mate, with hints to new settlers on the most efficacious modes of prevention. It will form one volume, octavo. A new Pocket Book, entitled the An- nual Entertainer, containing, in addition to whatis found of general utility in simi- lar publications, a variety of new logo- griphe’s, enigmas, rebuses and charades, mathematical questions, queries, &c. is announced for publication on the 2d of November. From various observations made on the newly discovered planet Vesta, Mr. Groomprivce has ascertained part of the elements, which are as follow :— Inclination of the orbit 72 8! 20" Ascending node . . 104 38 Period. « \. i+ ,8;182 years Mean radius . . 2,163 From the increased angular motion in its orbit, the eccentricity appears to be considerable, but he has not yet suffici- ent data to determine the quantity. Dr. Burcess, who has declined a translation from the see of St. David's, on the ground that such removals are Literary and Philosophical Ii ntelligence. [Oct. 1, inconsistent with the episcopal duties, has established a kind of provincial col- lege for the education of youth, to qua- lify them better for ministering in the Welch church. His lordship has appor- tioned the tenth part of his revenues du- ring life, and all his beneficed clergy have added their contributions in sup- port of this meritorious institution, of which the following is the plan,—Sub- scriptions and benefactions to the so- ciety, are distributed into the four fol- lowing funds: I. for clerical purposes. Il. For clerical education and exhibi- tions. III. For the building and esta- blishment of a clerical seminary; and IV. For the relief of superannuated cu- rates.—I, The general purposes of the first comprehend: 1+ The puechasing, printing, and distributing, of moral and - religious tracts. 2. Two premiums of ten pounds each, for dissertations. on subjects relative to the several objects of the society. 3. A premium of ten pounds for eight sermons, to be preached on the eight sundays, subsequent to Eas- ter-day; on the principles aad duties of church-union—on errors arising from un settled notions in religion—and on the excellence of the liturgy of the church of England. 4. A premium of twenty-shil- lings worth of books, for the best profici- ents, at the Easter examination of scholars, at the licensed grammar- schools in the diocese; for the re- citation of sermons by the divinity- scholars at the said schools ;—and for , the best abridgment of sermons, by the said scholars. 5. For sixteen curates’ lectures, to be preached on week days, in two principal places in each of the four archdeaconries, and intended princi- pally for the benefit of the poor, who cannot read, 6. The establishment of deanery librarics.—IL. The interest of moniés in the fund, for clerical education and exhibitions, is allotted at present to the payment of exhibitions to divinity- _ scholars at Ystradmeirig school, elected annually on the Tuesday preceding the first Thursday in July, to continue four years from the day of their admission. The fund arises from contributions by the clergy, of one-tenth of the annual income of their benefices, for one year during their incumbency, and from the contributions of other benefactors, ex- pressly limited to this purpose. This fund, when the intended building is rea- dy for their reception, will be transferred to the maintenance of scholars at the clerical - atl _— t* to a certain level. 1808 ‘] clerical seminary.—ITI. The benefactions for the building and establishing ofa cle- rical seminary are placed in the public funds, and the interest, until the building _is begun, will be applied to the augmen- tation of the fund for exhibitions. By the aid of the first and second of the before-mentioned funds, the ends of the intended seminary are, in effect, now carrying on in a limited degree, partly ~by premiums to direct the studies, and excite the emulation of the schoiars of all the licensed grammar-schools; and paitly by appropriating to one of these schools, exhibitions fur the maintenanceé of divinity scholars, during the four years immediately preceding the full age for deacon’s orders. A preference is given to the said school, because by such selec- tion of one school, the education of the exhibitioners may be made to approach the nearer to the plan of the proposed establishment at Llandewi Brefi.—lV. This fund by enabling a superannuated curate to retire from duties to which he is become incompetent, is calculated not only for the relief of worthy individuals, who are labouring under age and infir- mities; but also for the benefit of the incumbent, who is paying for services imperfectly discharged, and of the parish which suffers in many ways by the super- annuation of its officiating minister. The Rev. Mr. Lec, of Ashprington, Devon, has invented a contrivance for discharging the superfluous water from ponds, tanks, and reservoirs, in times of floods. Tt consists of a beam of wood, suspended by au iron pin, over the head of the water, so as to form a kind of lever or balance, baving one end affixed to a chain, which raises a. plug, to let out the superfluous water, and having sus- ended at the other a box or bucket, made rather leaky, into which the water is conveyed by a pipe, whenever it rises } As long as tie bucket continues filled with water, the weight will raise the plug, and when the water no longer keeps the bucket full, the plug will return to its place, by the lever recovering its level position. It has been suggested that the Sun- flower might be successfully cultivated for the purpose of supplying our clothiers with oi]. As much of the oil imported m the Levant, under the name of Flo- rence oil, when it becomes rancid, is sold to the clothiers for the purpose of soften- ing their wool, when preparing for the oom, it is conceived that the oil extracted the seed of the sun-flower might Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 259 be advantageously employed in the same’ way Dr. Parry, of Bath, has recently in- vestigated the causes of the decay of wood, and the means of preventing it.’ For this purpose he recommends the ap- plication of a preparation of the resinous’ kind mixed with a certain portion of bees-wax. The proportion of the ingre- dients, and the mode of mixing them, are as follow.—Take twelve ounces of rosin, and eight ounces of roll brimstone, each coarsely powdered, and three gallons of train-oil; heat them slowly, gradually ad- ding four ounces of bees-wax, cut in small bits. Frequently stir the liquor, which, as soon as the solid ingredients are dissolved, will be fit for use. -It is’ recommended to dress every part of the wood-work with this compositien, twice over before the parts are put together, and once afterwards; and a higher state of preservation is promised from its use than has yet been attained. It should’ be observed, that in preparing this var- nish, it is adviseable, in order to prevent accidents, to use an earthen vessel, and to make the fire in the open air. HOLLAND. On the 9th of May last M. Aucustin undertook his twelfth aérial voyage at Amsterdam, He ascended at twelve minutes past two o'clock, p.m. the wea ther being cloudy. Yhe wind at first carried him towards the lake of Haerlem, but his balloon, having at the height of about 12,000 feet taken another direction, he came at nine minutes past three directly over the road that leads from Abkoude to Utrecht. Here he descended a little and became visible to that neigh- bourhood, the people of which made a great number of signals. Being, hows ever, desirous of continuing his voyage, he proceeded. At half past three he found himself enveloped in total darkness, At this time he heard the small balloons that were fastened to the larger one, sometimes clattering against each other, as far as their situation allowed. He was himself nearly overcome with cold and fear; but having recovered-the use of his faculties by smelling to some strong volatile salts, he threw out a bag of bal+ Jast and rose into a lighter region, where he found himself as well as the balloon, entirely Covered with snow. | This phe« nomenon M. Augustin attributes to the gilt stars, ornaments and letters, attached to the balloon, which: had attracted a great quantity of electric vapors, and thus exposed him to the most imminent danger wey Pe ee a j 260, | danger. Soon after this he descended in the vicinity of Thienhoven. He calculates his greatest elevation at 20,552 feet, and the distance he had travelled at about sixty-six miles. The following simple method of pre- venting the destruction of flax by the caterpillar has been practised with success in this country, It consists in making persons waik twice a day along the fur- rows, with a rope fastened to two poles, So as to cause the rope to drag over the plants, by which the insects are swept off them. This operation repeated for four succeeding days preserves the flax; though, in some instavces, in three days it has been fuund to produce the desired effect. . Colowel de Massenzacu, late Lieute- nant-General, de |’Etat Major of the Prussian army under the command of the Prince of Hohenlohe, a man, who. enjoyed during twenty years the confi- dence of the three kings of Prussia, and particularly that of the late Duke of Branswic, and who was employed in the highest and most important functions and business, has, announced at Amsterdam, the early publication of the following - wofks: 1. Memoirs of his own Life; 2. Materials ‘for the History of Prussia, between the years 1794 and 1807; and 3. Remembrances of great Men, con- taining particularly Eulogies of Frederic IJ. and his brother Henry. ~ The King of Holland, by a decree dated July 29, established a naval and. military academy for the education of foundlings, orphans, and all other children, whose parents are unable to provide for their subsistence. “ FRANCE. M. Fouecur, a merchant of Havre has proposed a plan to form by authority a society for the purpose of supplying France with colonial produce. According to this plan eight goelettes, vessels be- tween a brig and a snow, are to pe built »after the model constructed by Paul Jones, and to be sent out armed to the Windward Islands. In this enterprize the projector would take a principal share, observing. that if, out of these eizht vessels, only three should return in safety, it would produce a clear profit of 15 per cent, but that uf, by an unexpected share of good fortune, the whole eight should be successful, it would produce a a dividend of 200 per cent, His calcu- lation is founded on the success of the vessels bringing the government dispatch Literary and Philosophical I ntelligence: [Octo tg - es, which are built on the above principle. and are seldom or never taken. fle pro- poses dividing the stock into one hundred shares to consist of 10,000 francs each,” and will himself becume a principal subscriber, In the department of Gers, are grown the annual or soft cotton, and that of Ivica, which thrives extremely well, Many land-owners have applied them- selves to the culture of this important article, and they already reap the fruits of their care and industry. Av interesting analysis of coffee has recently been made by M. Caper, apo- thecary in ordinary to the French impe- nial household, from which it appears that the berries contain mucilage in abun- dance, much gallic acid, a resiv, a con- crete essential oil, some albumen, and @ volatile aromatic principle. » To these may be added such as are found in most vegetables, viz. line, pot-ash, charcoal, iron, &c. Roasting developes the solus ble principles; but it ought to be mode- rated, if it be wished to preserve the aroma, and not decompose the acid, the gum and the resiu. Mocha coffee is of all kinds the most aromatic and resinous, M. Cadet advises that coffee be neither roasted nor infused till the day it is in- tended to be drunk. Garnepin, the aéronaut, ascended with his illuminated balloon on the eve- ning of the 16th of August, at fifteen mi- nutes past eleven at night, from the garden of Tivoli, and descended the following morning at past six, at Broussig, in Woevre Arrondissment of Commerij in the department of the Meuse, a distance of 230 miles from Paris. ‘he villagers were so extremely terrified at the sight of the aérial vehicle, that they all refused him their assistance to secure the balloon excepting one man, who together with Mr, Garnerin used every endeavour to accomplish it, hut the wind being very powerful, it forced the ropes from their hands, and the balloon again as- cended taking an easterly direction. Mr. Ganerin is returned to Paris. HUNGARY. The greater part of the celebrated vineyards of Tokay have this year been entirely destroyed by a tremendous storm, accompanied with hail and the bursting of a cloud. The hail-stones were as large as walnuts, and the bursting of the cloud was so violent, that stones of great weight were thrown from the vineyards into the village. By this accident seven men and a bay lost their lives, and a great caer cy —_- 1808.} ~ of cattle perished. The injury sustained by the vineyards is incalculable. The whole village was so entirely filled with stones, that the labour of hundreds of people was required to clear them away. ' EAST INDIES. The Rev. Dr. Bucuanan, who is now on his return to Europe, has lately visited Goa, for the purpose of making some enquiry into the present state of the In- guisition at that place. It appears that this tribunal, formerly so notorious for its sanguinary proceedings, instead of declining in power, as bas been supposed, with the parent Inauisition in Portugal, is still in operation, and that it exercises its authority. under circumstances which demand the immediate interference of the British government. . A progressive civilization has enlightened Europe and nearly abolished. its spiritual Inquisitions, but India remains in the darkuess and bondage of ignorance. ‘The inquisition of Goa extends its controul in a greater or-less degree to the extreme boundary of Hindostan, and materially affects the honour and character of the British gos veroment, and of the christian faith which that government professes. Goa is properly a city of churches, containing in its province a republic of priests, who have widely departed from the primitive discipline even of their own church. Dr, Buchanan’s visit has excited some alarm among them,.as they are. fully. sensible that their conduct in many instances, in doctrine and practice, would not bear a Scrutiny, There are in the archiepiscopal province of Goa uear three thousand priests, occupying upwards of two hun- dred. and fifty churches and chapels. This is the hierarchy which holds in ehains the Catholic church in the east, and whose power is silently increasing under the tranguil government of the Nglish, whose apathy or neglect suffers the Romish superstition to confirm its dominion with unceasing activity in every province of Hindostan, | This is the In- © dian community which Jooks out with anxiety for the arrival of Buonaparte, “the great restorer. of the Catholic chareh,” Qn this subject Dr. Buchanan 1 addressed a letter written on the ot to the archbishop of Goa, metropo- | _litan of the East, in which be adverts to the facts he had witnessed, and to the formation he had received from the Tnguisitors themselves; aud he urges the archbishop to recommend to the court of Portagal to retrain from usurping any, longer a spiritual power in the British Literary and Phitosophical Intelligence. 261 states; and to endeavour to repair the injury done .to Christianity through the crimes and long duration of the Inquir sition, by the immediate abolition of that tribunal, » He is further requested to exert his own authority in reforming the abuses in the colleges at Goa for the education of the priesthood, in causing his priests to apply themselves to the study of the Holy Scriptures, and to cease from mixing the pure faith with Indian superstitions, and from preaching a cors rupt christianity to the subjects of the British government. ‘ The following interesting particulars, relative tothe present state of the cele- brated temple of Elephanta,are given in a letter from the Rev. Dr. Bucnanan, by whom that place was visited in Fe- bruary last, to W. T. Money, esq. of Bombay. ‘ When I visited the Ele- phanta (says Dr. B.), and compared it with the accounts of former travellers, I perceived that the cavern and. figures were ina state of progressive and rapid dilapidation ; and it seeins to me proba- ble, that when afew more pillars shal} have fallen in, the whole temple will he overwhelmed in the ruin of the superin- cumbent mountain. If [ may offer an opinion on the means of preservation which are practicable, I would suggest, that the dilapidated pillars be rebuilt entirely of hewn stone, in three blocks of vranite of the mountain, after the ori- ginal model; the decayed bases of the columns still standing to be cased with the same stone; and the broken limbs and features of the figures to be restored atter the authority of the drawings and descriptions of the earliest travellers; the year of the repair, and the motive of the undertaking, to be inscribed in deep | characters on the wall of the caverns the solid stone floer to be cleared of rubbish (in some places it is two feet deep), that the continuity of the rock with the bases of the columns may appear; the modern wall inclosing the front to be taken down to throw more light on the body of the place, and a railing substir tuted at a greater distance ; the figures to be frequently cleaned and dried with a cloth, which will have the effect of giv- Jng them a kind of enamel, and preserv= ing their surface from the corroding ef. feet of the moisture; means to be dee vised fur preserving the cave from inuny dation during the abnnal rains: steps to be cut in the rock for easy descent to the cavern, ofcold water ; the jungle in front of the cave, and aboutits edges, tobe 8 cleared, ae 262 cleared, and the aperture of the moun- tam on each side enlarged to give more airand light; the road up the hill to be widened and cut im steps tm the rock, as is usual, in the ascent to other religious places in Hindostan (at present the ac- cess to the Elephanta is very difficult, being through nearly a mile of steep and painful road) the old elephant himself, on the side of the hill, to be renewed, and a young elephant placed on his back, agreeably to the first drawings ; and, lastly, an appropriate building to be erect- ed on the beach at the entrance of the valley, for the accommodation of the visi- tors. Here may be deposited, for the im- mediate reference of travellers, those vo- fumes which contain the notices and opi- _nmions of the learned concerning Ele- phanta. This building might be occu- pied by the military guard, which the Bombay government has recently station- ed on the island, to preserve the cavern from further injury. ‘To preserve to fu- ture ages this grand monument ofancient sculpture, perhaps the most ancient in the world, and to exhibit it to mankind in somewhat of its pristine beauty, is a noble undertaking, and worthy of the countenance of every man who loves to embellish science'and human life. The temple of Elephanta is, perhaps, a gran- der effort of the ingenuity of man than the pyramids of Fgypt. Every christian traveller can assign a reason for wishing that the emblem of the Trinity in unity at Elephanta may remain entire during the ages of the world.” AMERICA. The legislature of Maryland have pass- ed an act for founding a medical college in the city or precincts of Baltimore, for the instruction of students in the dif- ferent branches of medicine. This in- Stitution is established upon a liberal plan, and incorporated in perpetuity. It consists of a board, called the Re- gents of the College of Medicine of Maryland, formed from the existing board of medical examiners for the com- monwealth, and the president and pro- fessors appointed by the act. It may ho!d property toa value not exceeding thirty thousand dollars, exclusive of a lot of buildings. The regents may ape point professors and lecturers, who shall form one learned body, under the name of the Medical Faculty, with power to chuse their dean, and to do what is ne- cessary for conveying instruction, and supporting discipline. The regents must Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. La ee) Ve ween [Oct. 1, meet at least once ayear. The faculty’ shall hold at least one term annually, to begin on the first Monday in Novem-" ber, and continue not Jess that four, nor” more than six months. At’ colivenient times commenceinents may be held, and degrees in surgery and medicine may be granted, after dae examination and other’ proofs of sufficieticy. Each student must have attended each course of lectures at’ least once, and frequented the classes of the college for two terms: and he must also have been privately and publicly exainined, ‘and have printed and defend- ed a thesis, before he can be admitted to the honours of the college. One of the most zealous cultivators of mineralogy in the United States, is Co- Jonel Gibbs, of Rhode ‘Island, whose taste and fortune have concurred in make ing him the proprietor of the most ex- tensive and valuable assertment of mi- nerals that probably exists in. America. This rich collection consists of the ca~’ binets possessed by the late Mons, Gigot D’Orcy of Paris, and the Count Gregory de Razumowsky, a Russian nobieman, long resident in Switzerland, to which the present proprietor has ad- ded a number, either gathered by him- self on the spot, or purchased in different parts of Europe, The collection of M. D’Orcy is particularly rich in the pro- ductions of the French mines: such ‘as the phosphates, carbonates, and molyb- dates of lead; the iron ores of Bangory, Fiamont, and the isle of Elba; the silver of St. Maria and d’Allamont ; the mer- cury of Deuxponts; a great variety of marbles, calcedonies anc agates, quartz, calcareous and other spars, from France and different parts of Europe. The col lection of Count Razumowsky consists chiefly of the minerals of the Russian empire. Jt is particularly rich in gold and copper ores, chromates of lead, the native iron of Pailas, beryls, jaspers, &c. The Russian specimens alone are about six thousand in number, The re- mainder are chiefly German and Swiss, To these Mr. Gibbs has added all the newly discovered minerals, a complete collection of English, Swiss, and Italian, specimens, including the ancient mar- bles, porphyries, &c. the muriates and carbonates of copper from Chili; the spinell and oriental rubies, of which this is the third collection existing. To these are also attached a large geological col- lection, so that the whole consists of about twenty-thousand specimens. MONTHLY yeaa” 1808.] fir S68 \yjyaut ro é ; ; MONTHLY RETROSPECT OF THE FINE ARTS. The Use of all New Prints, and Communications of Articles of Intelligence, are requested. _——— HE exhibition of the British Insti- tution, in Pall Mail, for the sule of the works of ivving artists, being closed for the season, the Gallery was re-opencd in August last for the study of works of the ancient masters in painting. Be- tween twenty and thirty pictures have this year been sent by various distin- guished cognoscenti and collectors, and nearly twice as any students, male and female, are employed in copying, or mak- ing studies from them. There are two-uses to which coljec- tions of pictures may serve; the one, fer the imitation of the pupil, in order to impress more strongiy on his mind ex- amples of excellence which may prove a standard of comparison for his own works; the other, for enabling a more advanced student to form a just selec- tion from the various manners of ccle- brated schools, whereby he may guide his progress in the path of his profession. Tt can hardly be expected in any collec- tion of pictures to find all equally excel- lent, and stil less in a contributory one, such as forms the school of the British Gallery ; and as it cannot be demanded that the several contributors should fur- nish taste as weil as pictures, it is a cir- cumstance highly favourable to the im- provement of the Tyros, that the skill and sound judgment of the secretary, who is constantly in the room, are fully equal to the task of pointing out what to take and what to leave. Thisis no doubt a point ‘within the speculation of the governors, as it is otherwise hardly to be imagined that a’ gallery, designed to enlighten the ‘minds and stamp the taste of rising genius, should be made the receptacle of such in- eee picts as the St. Jerome, and the Virgin and St. John, &c. weeping over the dead body of Christ : the former said to be by Titian, and the latter by Bra- mante; both sent, no doubt, with the ‘best intentions by their noble possessors, ‘but unfortunately inadequate to their wishes in the present’ instance. ‘The first is so indistinct, and so inexpressive, ‘as to character, and so obscure, as to colour, that if little good is to be ob- ' tained, little danger is to be apprehended from its influence: the second has the imposing recommendation, to a vulgar eye, of tedious, accurate, and demonstra- ble, labour. The architect aimed in it @t expression and drawing, and he has made the first less strong than coarse, and the secoud hard, dry, wad sud. The colour, as might be expected, is :nouo- tonous. Both these pictures hold a just rank in any collection but one intended to form the taste of youth. ¢ Having mentioned two of the worst pictures in the room, it is but fair to nes tice two of the best ; aud for these exam- Swe the Venus and Adonis, and the large - andscape, by Ciaude, with a distant view of Mount Soracte, may be selected with- out’ prejudice to the merits of the rest. In the Venus and Adonis, the fascinaung art of Titiap, however its utmost force and lustre may be impaired by time, is still worthy of our highest admiration, The body of the Venus is a masteér-piece of colowring, both as to the purity, har- mony, richness, and gradations, of tints, The mellow deeper hue of the Adonis comes next in praise. In composition, and in brightness and richness of general effect, this picture is one of the most pre- cious relics of painting. In the landsgape by Claude Lorrain, his well-known poetical composition, and aévial colouring, are both to be found fully equal to his fame. Several other pictuves inwthe Gallery will furnish both lesson and example to the pupils. The Hippolytus, by Rubens; the Four Men under a Gateway, by Ve- lasquez (a picture said to bave been particularly a favorite with Gainsho- rough); a Flight into Egypt, probably by Jordaens ; a Lemale Portrait, by Titian, ‘or P. Veronese ; a large Landscape, with Peasunts dancing, and another by Cuyp, in which the sky is most singularly beaus tiful, are all admirable specimens of art. The Rape of the Subines, by Rubens, is a hodge-podge of beauty and deformity, The colour is rich and glowing, but the figures are more than usually clunisy, and there is little variety or beauty in the grouping of them. A Study of Three Men on Horseback is finely skctched. It is of the Flemish school ; and if it be said to be by Velus- quez, who will reject the present attrace tion of a Spanish name? ; Of his Majesty’s goodness in granting the loan of the picture by Tintoret, it would be indecarous to speak at the pre- sent moment. No doubt can be enter= tained of our sovereign’s benign disposi- tion towards the arts and their profes- OTS, sors, It may, however, be remarked, that the Cencert of the Muses, since the time of its being engraved (either by Gribelin, or some one nearly of that date) &ppears to have been cleaned, and per- haps repaired, with little mercy to its original charms. Of the great advantages of a collection thus offered to the wishes of the artists itis earnestly to be hoped, that the stu- dents in the different branches of paint- ing will not fail diligently to avail them- selves, and there is at present little rea- son to doubt their zeal. It has been said that, from peculiar motives, the stu- dents are prohibited from making more than partial copies from the pictures sent to the gallery. Such motives, it 1s to be hoped, do not influence the president of the Royal Academy, who is the pos- Sessor of the treasure of Titian above- mentioned, Equestrian Statue of William the Third, erected in the Centre of St. Fames’s Squares It has long been «w subject of com- plaint in England, that the public works of statuary in our squares are very madequate to the gencral reputation of the nation, The unwie'\ly clumsiness of the Hero of Culloden, in Cavendish- square, was justly ridiculed in an occa- sional production of the late Mr. Mason, on the Projected Improvements of Lan- don. Nor does the tame insipidity of bis Majesty’s Horse, in Berkeley-square, yield anatom of inferiority to the pre- ceding. The defects of these two statues are not counterbalanced by any striking beauties in others erected in various arts of the town; and the work of Mr, acon, newly placed in St. James’s- square, although not destitute of merit, is by no means calculated to bring down the creditable scale. It is executed from a design of the late J. Bacon, R. A. so that the present sculptor, from his well- known filial piety, will stand nearly ex- empted from the remarks which may be made onit. Jn all efforts at equestrian statues, the horse appears to be the rincipal* stumbling-biock of the artist. | pa William’s horse is a light dancmg courser, apparently designed to-be of the Arabian breed, with neck erect, and cur- Vetting pace. His form is slender; in Monthly Retrospect of the F ine 4rts. [O&. 1, some parts very questionably so, and par- ticularly in the Ainder parts. His action is graceful and fantastic. He does not, like the horse of Achilles, appear con- scious of the character of his: master. But why (it would” be asked) should horses be supposed to possess this pre- ternatural degree of intellect Horses (it may be answered) are not required to possess such knowledge, but sculptors are, Itis the business of the artist to diffuse over each of his works one homo-+ geneous sentiment, and that sentiment must be precisely appropriate to the cha- racter and the event which the work pourtrays, It is this merit, as every artist well knows, which we admire ia the Greek statues, far beyond the very subordinate consideration of execution. William the Third is in the costume of a Roman knight, with the excep- tion, that his head of hair, or wig, flows very fully down his shoulders. He extends, as usual, one hand, and holds the reins with the other, He affects an upright, easy air, a little too much ae- commodated to the precepts of a riding- school, This is his greatest fault; he is in other respects sufficiently answerable to the talents of the sculptor, Invidious comparisons haye usually been made between our native modern attempts at equestrian statues, and the well-known object of attention at Char- ing Cross, executed by Hubert Le Soeur, There is, hewever, less superiority in that work than is frequently attributed to it. It is wroughtin a hard and dry manner, and the forms of the horse are every where too square either for nature or beauty. But if it makes little pre- tensions to poetic or ideal character, it cannot be denied that it possesses, in the general deportment of both pause of the group, a species of historical sedateness, which awakens interest and respect. It is this historic character, which is prin- cipally deficient in the equestrian statue of Mr. Bacon. The Great Room, No. 22, Piccadilly, is opened as a Gallery of the Arts, | where paintings, drawings, and curiosi¥ ties, will be admitted for exhibition and sale, under the direction of gentlemen eminent for taste and judgment, REVIEW — 3808.7 [ 265 ] REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. — ra Pleyel's cclebrated Overture, in D. (No.7) com- posed for the Nobility’s Concerts, Adapted for the Piano-forte, with an Accompaniment for a Viclin and Vicloncello, and deaicated to Miss Louisa Rich. By f.V. Hammond. 5s. feel we do not place this over- 4 ture among the happiest produc- tions of the justly celebrated composer whose name it bears, we yet feel its me- rits, and are willing to. allow that its rank is far above that of mediocrity, and that some, at least, of the passages are stamped with the originality and_brilli- ancy of Pleyel. Our principal objections are, to the frequent and unnecessary vi- olations of nature and simplicity in the harmony, and the general want of no- velty inthe’ melody. In-the productions of Pleyel, we are habituated to more of variety, of sweetness and of grace, than we find in the present piece, excellent as it still is; and the ear receives it rather as forced from the pen of the ingenious composer, than as spontaneously flowing from the unconstrained efforts of his fancy. Mr. Hammond’s adaptation is judicious and tasteful, and bespeaks him well qualified for the delicate task he has imposed upon himself, “* Ha! what is this that on my brow, Ge. Ge.” 4 Mad Song. Composed by Mr. Biggs. 1s.6d. Mr. Biggs, in the scientific and impressive Tausic given to the words before us, has evinced much real genius and feeling. The judicious intermixture of recitation and air, together with the well-timed breaks, pauses, and changes of time in the melody, are productive of a happily- varied and most forcible effect, and bring , to our hearts and bosoms the poet’s elegant and pathetic appeal. *« The Heart that can Feel for Another,” a Bal- fad. Sung ty Mr. Incledon, at the Theatre Royal, Cowent-Garden. Written by. Mr, Upton. The Music Composed by W. Shield, esq. _ Mr. Shield has given to these simple and affecting words as expressive and appropriate a melody as even the author himself could have wislied. The passages are ingeniously and happily turned, and the general effect is highly characteristic and perfectly worthy the long-acknow- Jedged talents of the composer. La Chaffe. Composde et dedite 2 Mademoiselle Magelin, par Mr. Fay. 55. This piece assumes the form of a so- nata, and is obviously gntended for the piano-forte, though not announced for that instrument in the title-page. It ¢omprises three movements, the first of MonTuLy Mag, No, 176. which is in § affettuoso, the second in Z andantino, and the third (the chace) 11 4 allegro.. Considerable ease of style, and of pleasing fluency of fancy, form the leading characteristics of thi: agreeable composition, many of the passages of which are felicitously conceived, while the whole is consistent and well connect ed. The chace movement is strongly analogous to the subject, and closes the piece with a striking and spirited effect. §© Aline’s Complaint,” a Song. Composed with an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte, and Inscribed to the Miss Richardsons. By Foseph Major. 1s. 6d. 5 This song, the words of which are by Mr. R. C. Dallas, and have their subject from Madame de Genlis’s Novel of the Siege of Rochelle, possesses’ a pleasing simplicity in its melody, and is hy no means deficient in its expression. Of the accompaniment we can say but little: indeed, but little seems to have been in« tended; since it is merely made up of the notes of the air, and an under part of thirds and sixths. Al Cossack Minuet, Hungarian Quick-Step, and Tyrolese Dance. Camposed and selected for thé Piano-forte, by F. Maxzinghi, Esg. 2s. We find in this little publication much variety and sprightliness of fancy. The minuet is beld and spirited, the quick- step is chearful and animated, and the dance brings up the rear with a liveliness and gaiety that cannot fail to be univer- sally attractive, 4 Military Divertimento for the Piano-fortes Composed and inscribed to Lieutenant-Gene- ral Gowell, by F. W. Hilder, Mus. Bacs Oxon. $s. 6d. : This divertimento consists of three movements; the first, a martial strain in common time;. the second, a minuet; and,the third a waltz, They are all good in their kind, and the spirit, taste, and vivucity, successively found in each, form: that happy contrast and relief with which’ the ear never fails to be gratified, when these qualities are judiciously arranged and intermixed. A Polonvise March and Waltz. Selected ang composed for the Pians forte, by J. Manzsina phi, Esq. 2s. This is a well-formed and attractive little assemblage. The three movements, or pieces, of which it consists, are judi« ciously contrasted, and relieve each othe® with excellent effect. Juvenile perfor- mers will derive both pleasure and ims provement from its practice; and we Mm cannot 266 cannot but recommend it, to their sedu- lous attention. 86 A Garland fair my Henry brought,” a fa- wourite Song, sung by Mrs. Margerumy, at \ Prauxhall Gardens, Written and composed by Fobn Parry. 15. © This is cne of those simple little songs which are calculated to please the gene- rality of vocal practitioners. The me- Jody is remarkably natural, easy, and unaffected, and the sentiment of. the words. is faithfully consulted and grace- fully expressed. The» *¢ Marchioness of Abercorms Hornpipe,” 4 favourite Ronda. Composed and arranged for \ the Piano-forteyby 8. Hale, 1s.Gd. » This is 4 pleasing little piano-forte rondo, and greatly calculated by the ge- neral constraction of its passagés to im- pve the finger of the learner. The di- ed Ak os DO ey New Acts of the British Legislature. [Oet. 1, gressive strains are faneica with much ease and freedom, ‘and. the aggregate effect.is highly creditable to Mr. Hale's abilities in this species of : composition. Farnowick’s Hornpipe, arranged as a Rondo for the Piano-farte, and inscribed. to Miss Susanna, Man Cassels, eh Wi prise by Mr. Fay. 2 6d This horppipe, as arfanged by Mr. Jay, forms an agreeable and improving ex= ercise for the instrument for which ‘it is written, and cannot but prove highly ac~ ceptable to juvenile practitioners, Eliza to ber Linnet; written by Miss H. €. Reynolds. Composed and dedicated to Miss MM. Gill, by F. Davies. 1s 6d. The melody Mr, Davies. has given to these words, is at once tasteful, attrac tive, and appropriate; and the sympboni¢ piano-forte accompaniment does credit to bis fancy and judement. ABSTRACT OF THE PUBLIC LAWS ENACTED BY THE BRITISH LEGISLATURE. Pussed in the lust Session of Parliament, 48 Geo. ILI, anno 1808, RTY-EIGHNT Geo. 3. cap. cxi.” A Permanent Local Militia shall be ballotted and enrolled in England, not exceeding six times, including volunteers, the original quotas under the general mie litia act; and the deficiencies in eflective volunteers, now to ‘be supplied: by addi- tional militia men.» § 1-—3.. > “The men are to’ be ‘ballotted out of persons between the ageof 48 and 30, returned in the militia lists, and no per- son ballotted shall be allowed to tind a substitute; or be entided to.bounty, § 3 ‘Persons, returned.as ft to.serve, uot appearing. within the time limited, are to forfeit not exceeding 51. nor less:than 28s. and on non-payment to beimprison- ed for not exceeding fourteen days. § 9. - Special constables shiall; be above the age of 30 years. - § 16. Persons unable to serve, from illness or bodily infirmity, shall be excused. § 11. ‘Persons in orders, or pretended or- ders, and not carrying on anyother trade, “except that of a sclioobmaster; medical men, and persons employed. in’ the Tower, at Woolwich; the gua-wharfs; or powder-magazines, are exempted from servite. § 12. But no articled | clerk, or apprentice, horany poor man with ‘fess than 3. chil- dren, nor any person of the height.of 5 feet 2 inches shall be. exempt feo serv-- ing inthis militia, § 14. Apprentices ballotted shall not enlist . yr army, havy, marines, er regular e — militia,without the master’s consent; ang service under, this act is not to affect in- dentures or contracts between masters or servants. § 15. Persons ballotted not appearing to be. enrolled, are to forfeit 801. or if they have not an income of 200l.a year 20! oronly 100]. per annum, 101. the pay- ment of which fine is to exempt thei for two years, §16., - Persons Imprisoned for e042 of fines are'liable to serve wheir’ released - and persons claiming €xetnption upor: payment of 201, or 10]. are to sign a de- claration, that their income does not ex- ceed sactsams as aforesaid, or ‘produce ¢ a certificate from the commissioners of the property tax to that office; and formaking * apy false viene ges there isa penalty of 501. § 4 v3 Persons Lal lotted engaging to serve in any voluntcer corps at their own expense, shall have half of their fines remitted ; bot'if they shall not continue to serve ” for four years, they shall forfeit treble that sum remitted, and be liable to serve | in:the local militia “forthe” remainder of the term: § 20. The days-on- which wateatbant atvent? : are to, be specified. in. the certificate of - their commanding officers, . § 21. Persons claiming exemptions, on pay=— ment of fines, are’ to sign a declaration -that they have not insured); and persons refusing tesign such: declaration, not ap> pearing; or are a tw declaration, ares? vi- re te » tw" a ee at hte, ‘ 1808.) ' to forfeit three times the amount of the _ fine, or, in default, be imprisoned for not exceeding three months, and afterwards be liable to serve for four years, § 22. Quakers, on production of certificates thac they are such, shall not be enrolled, ‘but only pay such proportion of the fines astothedeputy-lieutenant or justices shall » @ppear proper, according to their circam- stances; and, in default of payment, they -tnay be imprisoned for one month. § 23. _ Af volunteers shall enrol themselves in any parish to the number apportioned, then no billot shall take place; and ifa part of the number, then the remainder ouly shall be ballotted. § 24. . The benefits of friendly societies are not to be forfeited by service under this Act. § 25. Persons voluntarily enrolling them- selves are to receive a premium of two “guineas from the parish, but the bounty So paid shall be deducted from the men inhisting in the army, navy, or marines, - within two years, and one half if they e1i- dist at any time afterwards. § 96, 27. Volunteers may transfer themselves, with the approbatiun of his Majesty, to the local militia. § 28, 30. Allowances are to be paid to the men ‘on assembling for exercise, and on being called. out under any order of council, one guinea for the first-year, and 109. 6d. for each succeeding year of service. § 31, _ Personsserving in the local militia are entitled to the same exemptionsas volun- teers ; and having served four years, are not liable to be ballotted, for the regular militia for two years. § 32. Insurances against the ballot are pro- “hibited ; and persons making the same, forteit 501. § 33. _ His Majesty may put the local militia under the command of general officers, and may order it to be called out yearly ‘to be trained, but the men are not to be ‘trained for more than twenty-eight days in a year, nor to be ordered to inarch for that purpose further than some adjoining eounty. § 37,38. Men on their removal from the county May remove from the one ta the other county militia, but if they give a false statement to obtain permission so to re- move, they shall forteit double the sum ANE would be liable te for not appearing to betpained. §39. ° In case of invasion, his Majesty may order the local militia to be embodied and marched to any part of Great Bri- h, and the Lord Lieutenant may call out the local militia for the suppression “of riots, gud men not appearing to be pu- vauew + New. Acts of ‘the British Legislature. 207 nished gécording to the regular militia acts. § 40, 41. . But when so called out, they are to be deemed assembled for training, and the same to be notified to his Majesty’s prin- cipal secretary of state, but not to be kept so assembled for more than 14 days in ove year. lid. Local-militia, assembled in time of war, tobe subject to the mutiny act, and en- titled to the same pay as the regular mis litia, and the wives and families of local militia men are entitled to the same paro- chial relief as those of yeomanry,/or vo- lunteer corps, § 42-44. t Local wmilitia men may enlist in the army, navy, marines, or regular militia of the same county, and their vacancies shall be supplied as other vacancies. § 45. And such vacancies shall be filled up, not- withstanding the suspension of the baller for the regular militia. § 46. Courities to be subject to a fine of 151. for such men deficient on the 14th day of February next, after the order, but shall be entitled to a return of twy-thirds for’ every man enrolled before the 14th of March, and one-third for every man en- rolled. before the tstofApril. § 47, 48. The quarter-sessions are to assess the 151. for such man, oa receiving, & cert- ficate of the deficiencies from the com- manding officer. §49,&c. -, aa Part of all the penalties not exceeding one-third may be given-to the informer, and the same may be recovered before two justices; but persons agerieved may appeal to the general quarter-sessions, and witnesses refusing ‘to attend, are to forfeit 51. § 62, 66. : “48 Geo. ILE. cap. cxx.”"—From and after October 10, 1808,’ the excise duty on coffee imported is reduced, if from the British plantations to.3d per pound, from the East Indies 6d. and if from any other part to 2s. per pound, : “48 Geo, III. cap. cxxili.”——Persons in execution on judgment, in whatever court obtained for any debt or damages exceeding 201. exclusive of costs recu- vered by such judgment, who shall have lain in “prison twelve calendar months, shall, on application to one of the courts at Westminster, be discharged. § 1. _ But persons fraudulently obtaining their discharge shall be liable to be taken in execution.- Ibid. : And the estate and effects of such debtors, except necessary wearing ape parel, bedding, and tools of trace, shall be liable, notwithstanding the discharge. Lbid. ‘ But debtors, duly discharged, shal! not — = io T 7 ae “\ eaille’ npon- Tyne au. Vises Ww=prrees ay, , 268 Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. [Oct.1, . be afterwards liable to be arrested in any action to be brought in such jadg- ment. Ibid. . The act does not extend to Ireland or Scotlands §2. “ 48 Geo, III. cap., exxvii.’—Mar- riages solemuized ‘before Aug. 23, 1808, in any church or chapel duly conse- erated, shall be as valid as-if done in parish churches.’ “48 Geo. ILL. cap. exxsiv.”—From July 25,1808, in addition to the parti- culars required of hop-planters, the owner shall mark on every pocket of hops the parish and county where grown, in penalty of 20]. ; and persons counter- feiting or erasing such marks, shall also forfeit 201. “48 Geo, III. cap. exlii” enables the commissioners for the reduction of the national debt to grant life-annuities to continue fora single life, or the lives of two persons, according to the ages of the respective parties, and the tables an- nexed to the act, which are too long to be particularised under this article. tone ee Arpwaneticat List of Bankruptcies and DivipEenps, announced between the 20th of August and the 20th of September, extracted from the London Gazettes. pet tae BANKRUPTCIES. (‘The Solicitors” names are between Parentheses. ) AIRES villiamy Fenchurch (treet, London, boot maker. (Pike, Air (treet, Piccadilly Allmend Jonn, Pickett ftreet, Middlefex, haberdather. (Swain, stevens. and Maples, Old Jewry Barrett Anthony, Swindon, Wilts. shopkeeper. (Webby Fountain Buildings, Bath, and Au(tice, Temple, Lon- don Baticy Jofeph Ellis, and John Hinchliffe. Meltham, Al- mondbury, York. dyers, (Stephenfon, Holmfirth, near Huddersfield, and Battye, Chancery lane Ration Jofepn, of St. James's place, st, James's treet, Midulefex, tailors (Hamilton, Taviftuck row, Co- vente Garden Bell Charles, Penrith, Cumberland-linen draper. (Ire- land, Staple inn, and Elwood, Penrith Bickerflaf Wiliam, Nottingham, haberdasher. (Sey- mour, Margaret flreet, Cavendifh fquare Biftix William. Richard Sloper, the younger, and Charles * -Biffix Briftol, vinegar makers. | (Gueft, Briftol, and Meredith and Robins, Lincoln's inn Bleafe John, Marton, Cheter, dealer and chapman. (Leigh and Mafon, New Bridge fircet, London, and Barker, Northwich ‘ Blundell Frederic Francis, Coleman ftreet, infurance broker. (Palmer, Tomlinfons, and Thompfon, Cop- vhall court, Throgmorton ftreet Brooks Michael Franklin, late of Horfeleydown, (but now a prifner in the King’s Bench) mafter mariner. (johnfon, Charlotte ftreet, Fitzroy fquare Brown Ifaac, Maryport, Cumberland, brewer. (Words= Gane Strickland, Staple inn, London, aud Lowry, arlisie Brown Stephen, and William Tildesley, Bloxwich, Staf- “ford, rupe makers, (Webb and Tyndall, Birming- hain Bryfon David, Philip's row, New road, Tottenham court, / (St. Pancras, statuary. (Davis, Warwick treet, Gol- den fyuare Collip John, Great Portland @reet, upholfterer. (Allen, Caflifle *reet, Soho fyaure Crantton James, Stockport, Chefter, dealer and chapmane (Law Manchefer, and Hurd, Temple Crumbieho me John, Prefon, Lancafter, grocer. (Sud- dell, Preften, and Blackftuck, St. Mildred’s court, Poultry. London Cummins Jobn, Liverpool, thoemaker (Phillips. Liver- puol, ‘and Windle. Jenn itreet, Bedford row. Londun Paviton, Timothy, brancepeth, Durham, fhopkeeper, (Atiinfon, Chancery lane, and Bainbridge, New- Deman Thomas, Teddifigton, Middlefex maltiter {Se- nior, Richmond, Surrey, and Saddeiey, Searle ftreet, Lincoln’s iun En'wizte James, Dunnifhen-Fatory, New Accrineten, Lancafter. cotton weft fpinner. (Parker, Clithero, and Dixon, Nafiuu (veer, Suho Farrar Ifaac. Croft, Lancalter, fiopkeeper. (Butter- field, Coppice row, Clerkenwell Furnival Benjamin, Stockport, Chefter, hardwareman. ‘Kinderley, Long. and Ince, Gray's inn, London, and Palmer. birmingham F George William, and William Bennett, Liverpool, hoop- minkeys. {Axcroft, Liverpool, and Blakeleck and . Nakinfon, Temple , Gorton Richard, and John Gorton, Cuckuey, Nottingham. merchants. (Crok Sarford, Lancafter. aud Cooper and Lowe, Southampton boistings, Chancery lane Gould Mofes,, Dickleburgh, Norfolk, wovllen draper. (Potter. sun, and Unthank, Norwich Grifiu George. Weldon, Norshampton. linen draper. (oherard, Oundle, vr Thrapstun, Northampton Hayward James Corbin, Chamber's ftreet, Guodman's felds, purfer oF the thip United Kingdom, in the fer- vice wt the Batt India Cormpany, dealer and chapman, (welton, Fenchurch treet, Loncon Will Willism, late uf Middle row, Holborn Kings Bench prifon), carpenters teee Greet, Blovmobury (but now of the (Langisy, Pipmb- “Rayner John, Thirfk, York. drugeift. Hemingway Jofeph, Chefter. printer. (Garner, Junior, Chefter, and Hyxley, Temple, London » Hopwood Jofeph, Manchetter, joiner. chefter, and Ellis, Curfitor ftreet, Chancery lane, London Humphreys ‘Thomas, Saddleworth, York, plumber. (Townfend,s Staple inn, London, and Bannifter, Roch- (Hewett, Man- ale James William, Swanfea, Glamorgan, fhopkeeper. (Payne and Burgefs, Briftol, and Hollis, Staple inn, London Jones William Albin, Aldermatibury, haberdather. (Ber- ridge, Hatton Garden, London Kay Jolin, Huime, Manchefter, leather feller. (Cooper aud Lowe, Southampton buildings, London, and Nabby Manchetter ’ Knight Samuel, Frome Selwuod, Somerfet, tailor. (Rot~- ton, Frome-Selwood, and Ellis, Hatten Garden, Lon- don ~ Lawton Henry William, Liverpool, draper. Windle, John Raests Bedford row, London, and Forrest, of Li- verpoo Lingill William, late of Leeds, York (but now a prifoner in the King’s Bench), fpirit merchanc, (Haynesy Fenchurch treet, London , Lupton Thomas, Skipton, York, hardware fhopkeeper. (Scofield, Skipton, and Swale, Great Ormond ftreet, Little Newport freet. - London yi M‘Lane Johny (Wilde, jun, Caftle ftreer, Falcon fquare wa Mendes David, Harrow ftreet, Gravel lane, Houndfditch, army accoutremenct maker. (Ifaacs, George ftreet, Minories : Metcalie Joilua, Skipton, York, thread maker. (Sco- field, Skipton, and Swale, Great Ormond treet, Lon- don * Moore Drayfon, Lewham, Kent, late purfer of the Sir Stephen Luthington Eaft Indiaman, dealer. (Pale mer, Tomlinfons,; and Thompfon, Cupthall court, Throgvorton frreet me | Motteram Robert, late of Walfall, Stafford, but now of Statiord prifon, vidtualier, (Turner, Bloomsbury fyuare, ana Heley, Walfall i Moyle Henry, Fordingbridge, Southampton, tick manu- facturer, (Strickland, Fordingbridge, and Sandy's and Horton, Crane court, Fleet ftreet Ogilvie William Frederitk, Minories, druggit. (Meres dith and Robins, Lincoln's inn Ollivant William, and Thomas Ollivant, Manchefter, cot- ton manufaéturers. (Taylor, Manchefer, and Ellis, Curfiturftreet, London Parnali Chriftopher, St. patios Cornwall, merchant, (Brown, Fowey, and Hewlett, Roll’s buildings, Fet- ter lane, Lyndon ‘4 ; Powell James, ang William Darch Ormond, Briftol, wine merchants. (Bengough and Palmer, Briftol, and. Tarrant, Chancery lane, Londen. = Powley William, Penrith, Cumberland, ironmonget. (Ireland, Staple inn. Landgn, and Ellwood, Penrith Pownall George, Holywell, Fiint, currier. (Lloyd, Ho- lywell, and Rhodes, Cook, and Handley, London : Pullinger George, and Henry Pullinger, of Ropley, near “Alresford, Hants, woollen drapers, (Coote, Auftin friars ¥ (Druce, Biliter Robinfon Robert, Manchelter, cotton dealer, (Edwards, Caltle ttrcet, Holborn, . ey Rowland Nathaniel. Greyftoke place, Fetter lene, infuranee broker. (Bennetts and Greaves, King’s Arms yard Rufiel Michael William. Vauxhall, Surrey, maltters (Al- , cock, Boiwel., and Corner ' Sharpe Jofiah, Market-Deeping, Lineoln, linen draper. _ (Wilde, jun. Caftle treet, Faleon fyuare 4 Silverlock Henry, Havant. southampton frect, linen dra= fyvare, London, and Walker, Thirs cr. (Ruclery Havant, and Wromley and Bell, Gray’a iin, London Smith Jofepn Staples, Liverpool, fioe maker. (Spottif~ wouode, Auftin friars, London wi Troughton” Thomas, Livervool, Laneafter, ftationer. (Biggs Hanon Garden, London, any. skryimfher, Lix rerpool Wai ") ‘ a a , A 4, » a. 4808.] Watts Jumhua, Whitecrofs ftreet, grocer. (Michell, Uni- _ on court, Broad ftreet “ Widdilove Thomas, and Jofeph Waddilove, Bath pace, _) New roat, ftaruaries. Tebbutt and Shuctleworth, Gray's inn-fquare. . Wardell Jobn, King’s Lynn, Pa Angel court, Throgmurton frect, Norfolk, grocer. (Dawes, and Goodwin, Lyn welled William, Bofton, Lincoln, grucer. (Tunnard aud Rodgerton, Botton, and Exley and Stocker, Fur- nival’s inn a Wellfpring Rubert, Gofport, Southampton, vintner. (Cal- Jaway, Port{mouth Wetton james. Yall Mall, vintners Lincoln’s inn a ; | Whitehead William, Shaw hall, Saddleworth, York, wool- len manufacturer, (Gibbon, Afhton-under-Line, aud Battye. Chancery lane, Loudon : Williams Thomas, Caerphilly, Glamorgan, wool manufac- turer. (Lewis, Cardiff, and Price and Srowne, Lincoln's inn Williamfon john, Whitegate End, Oldham, Lancafter, vic- tualier. (Partington, Oldham ftreet, Manchefter, and Hurd. Tempie Woffington John, sKrighthelmione, grocers (Alcock, Bofwell and Corner, York freet. Southwark - Worrall Charies, Manchefier, innkeeper. (Bb Afuett, Man- chefter. and Huxley, Temple 4 d oat Young Margaret, and John Crowley. Leeds, York, miilj- ners. (Carr, Newcattle-upom Tyse; and Atkinlon, Chancery lane, London \ DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED. ~)} Atkinfon Richard, and Heury Watters, Fenclrurch ftreety r fpirit merchants, Nov. 12 Aynfley John, Newcattle upon-Tyne, grocer, Sept. 17 Bacun William, Sheffield, York, grocer, October 5 * Ball William. Buth Jane, Cannon ftreet, broker, Nov, 15 Barber Miles, Lothhury, merchant, Feb. 4 Batterfhell James. Port{mouth. ship chandler. Sept. 28 Beale John, Camberwell, mathematical initrument ma- ker, Sept. +7. *Bedford Wiliam, and Samuel Suniner, Fofter lane, whole- fale linen diapers, Sept. 2 *Benfiead William, and John maaltiters, Sepc. 28 €cott and Blamire, 7 ‘Clarké,-Halefworth, Suffolk, _ Betts Benjamin, and Ann Smith, Bafiughall ftreet, factors, — Noy.8 “Birch Jeremiah, .Creeting St. Peter, Suffolk, butchery Sept. 74 ¢ ~ Blindell Wilitam, Welwyn, Herts, maltier, Nov. 15 Bookers Thomas, Birmingham, bution maker, September 20, 28 Jae Thomas, Little New ftreet, Shoe lane, plattercr, Sept. 17 > 3 Bowman John, Water Jane, Nov-15 Bradfhaw James. Hungerford, Berks. maltter, Q@oberr ‘Brooke John, Harthiead, York, merchant, Sept. 12 Brown john, Gofweéll fireet, blue manufacturer, Nov.$ Carr Edward, Whititable, Kent, carpenter, Sept. 30 Clinton Jonathan, Newport. Salop, fkinner, Septe 28 Cobb Chriftopher, Ringwood, Southamptun, hofier, Sep- r tember 15 ole John, Cockhill, Stepney, tailor, Oftoner 26 Compton Spencer, New treet, Bithoplgate, fmerchant, ‘ November 12 J , Connellau Jeremiah, Brown's buildings, St. Mary Axe, merchant, November 12 Crifp Willism. Cockfpur freet, perfumer, Oftoher 1 Crowther John, Barkiiland. Halifax, corn dealer, O&. 20 Dally Thomas, Chichefter, linen draper, Odtuber 10 Davis Alexander, and Nathan Davis, Litcle Carter Jane, . o;'s Commons, warchoutemen, Sept. 17 Dawes Charles, Huntingdon. {adler, September 13 De Charmilly Peter Francis Venault, Portmai fquare, and " Milbank ftreety coal merchant, uctober 8 De La Chaumette Francis David, Laytonttone, nrerchant, . November 15 ‘ Dewhurft Ralph, Prefton, Lancatter, uphollterez, Oc. 15 Dowell Thomas, jun. Roan-y courr, Chapel ftreet, Holy- * well Mount, hawker, October 8 t Drake William. Gutter Jane, warehoufeinan, Nov. 12 ards Hewfon, Gravel Jane, ani Granville Duplex, _ Leeds, cloth merchants, Oftober 7 Eland William, and Walter Vhilips, Lambeth road, leather ‘dreflers, Nov. 52 ey Rees, Merthyr Tydvill, Glamorgan, fhopkeeper, . 16 pf os William, Weiminfter, dealer and chapman, O&. 5 fee" Jarvis, Aidermanbury, hofier, Nov. 8 Gibion jofeph, Newcsitie-upon-Tync, wovlien Uraper, “Sept. 27 Gooawin John, Sheffield, carpenter, Oct.5 Gravenor William, Brittol, fugar refiner, Sept, 28 Gray Thomas, Coichetter, baker, Oct 7 Grierfon James, ant Andicw M*Kenzie, Manchetter, ca- — lico printers, Nov. 25 larding Ann, Uritiol. haberdahher, O¢t. 3 Barrifon Jenn, aud Robert Rigg, Manchefter, manufactu- FerSs Sept. 24 Hayter Willram, veo ale! loaa Devon. vintner, Sept. 26 _ Henderfon Francis, Luthbury, merchant, O& 8 a John, Liverpool, ttraw hat manufacturer, Sept, rz vrai Litile st. Martin’s lane, man’s mercer, Epis i : } 4 Rote Henry. Avebury, Wilts. Sept. 27 Samuel. Kath, grocery Sept. 17 éfworth William, addingham, York, flax fpinner, ek. s Horta john, Norwich, uphylRerer, Noy. ya ’ ’ , Alphabetical List of Bankrupteies and Dividends.. 269 Holloway William, Durfley, Gloucefter, and Thomas Greenipe. Carn, Gloucettcr, cloctyers, Sept. 27 Horn William, and Richard fackton, Redcrois ftreet, Southwark, rectifying dvtillérs, Nov. 1g , Inwood Daniel, Lower Vhames ftrect, oilman, Nov. 15 Itter Andrew, and John Holding, Wentworth treet, Whitechapel, fugar refiners, Noy. 12 Jackfon Richard, Red Ciofs ‘treet, Southwark, rectifying diftillery Nov. 19 “‘Jogget William Peter, Cullum ftreer, Merchant, Nov. re - Johnfon John, Holborn hill, linea draper, Nov 12 Kedcie Thomas Hamilton, Charles treet, Weltminwer, wept. 17 Kirton John, Gray's inn, Middlefex, banker, Nov, 8 Lawton Hugh, erifiingthorpe, Leeds, clothisr, Sept. «2 Lee Jhomas, Holborn, glover, Oct. 32 Lee Matthew, Wellington, Somerset, ferivener, 04, 1,8 Lifter Paul, Slater Sug. York, cotton {pinner, Sepr. 22 Lucy John, Liverpool. merchant, oct. 8 meay ee cpIbBIENE Norwood, Great Sr, Helen's, merchan*, 1 M‘Derinott John, Red Lion ftreet, Southwark, hop factor, Sept. 17 s Maddock Richard Ellefmere, Salop, grocer, Sept. 27 Marfhait John, and John Cougcakes, Workington, Cumbere Jand, mercers, Sept. 24 Mariton Coward, Uttoxettr. Stafiord, cork cutter, Sept. 20 Merac Theophitus, and Voles Ja Porte Merac, Qucen ftreet, Cheaplide, warehoulemen, Ot. 29 _ Merrick John, and Samuel totkins, Mark lane, merchants, Noy. 32 ober Thomas, Goswell fireet, blue manufafturer, vov. 8 Moffatt Thomas, and John Brown, Gofwell ftreet, blue manufacturers, Nov. 8 Mofes Moss, Rofemary lave, falefman, O&, 8 Moule John, King ftreet, Covent Garden, vintner, sept. 2 7 Mountfort Benjamin, Walfall, Stafford, miller, O4t. 6 Munn Jonathan, Market itreet, Herts, straw hat manus _ facturer, O€t, 29 Gliver Francis, ‘Yottenham High Crofs, Middicfex, gro cer, Nov. 15 ’ Parith James, and Thomss James, James Stafford, and Thomas Hardwick, of Holloway's End, stafford, glats manutacturers, scpt. 23 ’ Pearfon Jonn, Althamy Lancafter, corn dealer, sept 12 Penn Benjamin, Liviytpool. drugeift, OF 16 Phillips Georze Lott. Nammerfmith. merchant, O&. 25 Phipps Jofeph, otherwife Jofeph Lovell P. Ivetiva bank, Lap!ey, Stafford, innholder. sept. 29 Prefton Bernard, Holjoru, liven draper, Now 1 Purbrick Johu. Fairford, Giocetter, dealer and chapman, sept. 21, O07 Read Benjamin, the younger, Eridgewater, tajlor, Of. 5 Reid James, Broad ftreet, underwriter, Sept. 10, Uct. 2g Richardfon Thomas, and Thomas Worthington, Man~ chefter, merchants, sept. 24 ’ Roberts Robert, aud William Williams, Great Diftaff Jane, warehoufemen, Nov. 15 My Robinfun Thomas Hulme. and George Newman Harveys Liverpool provifion brokers. Sept. 19 H Rust Nathan, Rotherfield Peppard, near Henley, Oxon, millers Oct. 22 : St. ane Henry, Pennycrofs, Devon, dealer and chapman, “4 Shaw Chrittopher, Jofeph Graham, and John Burn, Suurh- ampton, wine mierchants, Sept. 20 Smerdon Charlés, and benjamin Penn, Liverpool, drug- pitts, Ger. a6 Sparkes John, Leadenhall ftreet, tea dealer, Oct. 1 Spence Thomas, Slackbuin, Lancafter, corn dealer. sept.12 5 Staples Elizabeth, Chritophe: Shaw, Mofes William Sta- pies, and Henry Guy, Cornhill, bankers, OG # Stanley Harold, Newark upon-l rent, feriyener, Sept. 16 Steel Jofeph, Stockport, Chefter, check manufacturer, Sept. 15 y Stephens George, the younger, Kedford, grocer, sept. 17 Stevenfon ‘fhomas, Liverpool. merchant, sept. 30 Stott John. Rochdale, Lancalter. shopkeensy, Oft. 24 Tankard Johu, Birmingham, factor, O¢t. ww Terry Frederic Imbert, sowling treet, Weftminfter, rece tifyivg di@iflkr, Nov. 12 Thompion William, Southwark, and Ebenézer Leadbe: Lambeth, merchants, ov. 15 : Tydemin John Simplon, Colcheséer, ironmonger, Sept, 28 Sy fin John, Liverpool tallow chandler, Sepc. 29 Wainwright Eoward, Jhame, Oxford, butcher, oc Ward Henry, Curtain road, Shoreditch, apochecayy, Noy. tery 15 Warkins Wabella Frances M'Clure, and Lucy Hinchman. . New Boad treet millineis, Nov ry 4 Walters Thomas Iihmael, S |rord, Lancalter, cotton mer- chant, O¢t.10 Watts George, Chichefer hatter, Of, to Waueh Charles, Blackburn. Lancatter, linen draper, Sepe, 12 Whitaker John, Salford, Lancaiter, cotton manutaéturer, Sept. 24 White william, Birmingham, O&, 10 White Thomas. Southwark. haberdamher, Noy, 19 4 Whitehead Edward, New road, Vottenham court, mere chant, Oct. & Wilkins Joho, and Thomas Lacey, Bafinghall ttreet, face tors, Nov. 16 \ Williarns Widiam, Lad lane, victualer, Ot. 22 Williams Aenjamin, Liverpool linen drapery Sept. 23 Wiliams Mary, Milk itvect, vidtueller, Oct 25 Wrignt William, Queembithe, provition merchant Oca * : 5 KEPORT 20th PVsPErsia et Hypochondriasis,. +... ] nsanitas tA gate eereeee ere eeneee Phthysis 0.02. .c- ce eee oe new eeterece Hysteria a--.--- 2 2-22 ee ee eee eres Epilepsia... + ..sceccereceeecsserees Diarrhea et Cholera ..e..ecrerseseve Amenorrhea cecetesesertes eanactie Morbi Cutanei.. .. epee ccc ce ce ncnces Morbi Infantiles .. 1.0. cece e even vese / Twe Aor GHEY The passion for the Coast is now at its height. ‘Ihe majority of those whose cireumstances will permit it, joyfully em- brace the seasonable opportunity of a voluntary bamishment from the Capital, hopiwg, often vainly hoping, to drown their cares in the waters of the ocean, and, by a species of niarine baptism, to regenerate their constitution. Solicitude, commercial or domestic, may, during a temporary absence from the immediate seat of it, abdicate its empire over the mind; but, upon a relapse to their ha- ‘bitual home, they will find generally a renewal, and even an accumulation, of those anxieties from which they fancied they had fled. On the other hand, the debauched and imprisoned gases of the central city, from a contrast with those which have recently been left behind, wil} be doubly oppres- sive tu the feelings, and act with an in- creased injury upon the organs in general, and more‘ especially upon those of respi- ration. The citizen, who since his birth has not once emerged out of his native neighbourliood,. or at any rate has not, in his most adventurous excursions, ever trespassed beyond the Inmits of Islington, suffers less harm and inconvenience from the filth, and other heterogeneous and noxious materials that encircle him, than others who give into the fashionable rage, “during two or three months of the sum- miner, for indulging themselves in the ve- getable variety, the fragrant effluvia, and the ¢haste and undefiled exhalations, of a rural residence. ; _ Sea-bathing is too generally considered as a specific for every individual symptom jn the multitudinous miscellany of com- plaints: it is, however, by no means a negative or'an indifferent thing; and, from the careless and indiscriminate mammer in which it is, under almost all conceivable circumstances, had recourse to, there can be little doubt, that upon an average, it adds considerably to the catalogue of giseases, and to the bills of mortality. : See me Z REPORT OF DISEASES, - Under the cure of the late senior Physician of the Finsbury of August to the 20th of September. —n a Dispensary, from the The churchyards of watering-places are . crowded with melancholy monuments, of this interesting and affecting truth. The earth of those sacred cemeteries is prip- cipally composed of the relics of a ei- deount, ati, for the most part, recent animation, This is a circumstatice by which the young, the delicate, and the consumptive, ought to be more especially impressed. There is a well in the vicinity of Brighton, where the Reporter once paid a transitory ‘visit, which, mdependently of its mineral merit, cannot fail to be of essential advautage to the valetudinarian- pilgrim, as it reguires him to walk or ride a considerable length, over the most salubrious downs, in order to drink thie water from the fountain-head. Within the few weeks past, vatious cases of physical derangement have o¢- curred, which evidently arose from a se~ dentary life and a constrained. posture, - Posture is not saffiiciently attended to in the prosecution either of business or study. The attitude, where it is habitual, is almost as important as the habitual ali- ment. Several clerks in counting-houses, for instance, and from the offices of law~ yers, have, at different times, applied to the reporter, whose difficulty of breath- ing, stricture of chest,.and pain of the abdomen, appeared to him to arise from the nature of their occupation. 4 valuable treatise might be written on the Diseases of the Desk. ~ ae | One case of insanity has lately come under the cognizance of the reporter, which seemed to be occasioned solely by disappointed ambition. Pride is the most frequent occasion of this disease, That ‘* Pride was not made for man,” i$ a doctrine which cannot be better illus- trated, than by the influence which it has in destroying the balance of the mind; there is no passion which makes such a ‘havoc in the brain, orinduces such anars chy in the imagination. Qn which ace - count, one should strive, especially if of an inflaramable or irritable temper, to keep down the rising swellings of resent- ment, and to stifle the very first sugges- tions of self-esteem; to eStablish the mind in tranquillity, and to overvalue nothing, in one’s own or arother’s posses= sion. Eygotism, though neither medically nor vulgarly classed among the diseases incident to the huinau frame, deserves, @ pras ait 1308,]" e prominent and uistinguished rank in a system of nosulogy., ft is incalculable how much misery-and malady is daily produced by laying an undue emphasis on the pronoun “1;” the letter ‘cannot be conveniently expunged from our al- phabet, but the idea annexed to it ought to Le in a great measure discarded from our consideration. - The lowly nervous ought to be treated with peculiar respect, and the most courtier-like attention. We should en- deavour, by expressions of our regard for them, to supply that want of satisfaction which they are apt to feel with them- _telves. * Oh the other hand a haughty imbeci- \ State of Public. Affairs in September. eit lity, "an insane self-conceit, uncountenan- ced by the shadow of any reasonable or plausible pretext, ought to be lowered to the dust, by management that is val- culated to depress the patient in hisowu, eyes, and to sober a spirit that may have been inebriated by the fumes of a servile and treacherous adulation, There is am appropriate remark in Terence with re- gard,to a parasite who used to secure his daily seat at a luxurious; table, by the. incense which he was in the habit of of: fering to the idiotic vanity of its master, “ Hie homines ex stultis facit insanos,” ' September 24, 1808, J. Rerp, Grenville-street, Brunswick-square, OW i ok - STATE _ » FRANCE. *° Message of the Emperor and King Napoleon to iy the Senate. ENA TOns—*¢ My Minister for Foreign Af- ‘fairs will lay before you the different trea- _ ties relative to Spain, and the constitutions agreed to by the Spanish Junta. My War Minister will acquaint’ you with the wants - and the situation of my armies in the different parts of the world. ‘¢T am determined to carry on the war with Spain ‘with the utmost activity, and des-, troy'the armies which England has disembark- ed in that country. The future security of my subjects, the prosperity of commerce, and a maritime peace must alike depend on these important operations. © My alliance with the Emperor of Russia extinguishes every hope which England can entertain from her projects,- I have no doubt respecting the peace of the Continent, but I’ neither will nor ought to rely upon the false calculations and the errors of other Courts; ~ and since my neighbours increase their armies, it is aduty incumbent on me to increasg¢ mine, «* The Empire-of Constantinople is strug- gling with thé most. violent convulsions; Sultan Selim, the best Emperor the Ottomaas have had for a length of time, has-just fallen by the hands of his own nephews This‘ ca- tastrophe has deeply affected me.—1 impose frtsh sacrifices on my: people, Confident’ of their support ; they ate necessary, in order to gccute them from heaViet sacrifices, and to fead them to the grand result of a general peace, which ought also to be considered as tha moment of repose. ‘Frenchmen, my projects have but one object in view—your happiness andthe per- manent well-being of your children; and if T kantow you right, you will hasten to comply with this new call, render: necessary by the dotgrests of the country. You Hive so oftea " ' She: ‘ OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN SEPTEMBER, » Containing official Papers and authentic Documents. Ni ; assured me ‘of your affection, I will behold the sincerity of your sentiments in the alacrity with which ‘you will second projects that are so intimately connected with your dearest ine terests, with the honour of the Empire, and with my glory, *€ Given at the Imperial Palace of St: Cloud, this 4th Sept. 1808: (Signed) GREAT BRITAIN, Naporron, ” Dispatches, of which the following are, copies and extracts, were received on the istof Sept. from Lieut.-gen; Sir HarryBur- rard and Lieut.-gen, Sir ArthurWellesley, dated from head-quarters, nt. Lourhinha, addressed to Viscount Castlereach, one of hisMajesty’s Principal Secretaries of State, - and brought hy Captain Campbell, Aid- du-Camp to Sir Arthur Wellesley. — * ~ Extract of a Letter from Lieutenant-General Sir ' Arthur Wellesley, dated head-guarters, at. Caldas, the 16th of August, 1808. eae I marched from Lyria on the 13th, andar- rived at Ahobaca on the 19th, which- place the enemy had abandoned in the. preceding night ; and I arrived here yesterday, The a enemy, about 4900 ia number, were. posted about ten miles from hence, at Borica 5 and, they occupied Brilos, about three miles from hence, with their advanced posts. As the possession of this last village was important to our, future operations, J determined to occupy it; and as soon as the British infantry artived. upon the ground, ! directed that it might be occiipied by a detachment, consisting ef four. companies of riflemen, of the 60th and 95th tegiments.. The enemy, consisting of a small piquet of infantry and a few cavalry, made a trifling resistance, and retired ; but they were followed by a detachment of our riflemen, to, The — the distance of three miles from. Brilos. riflemen were then attacked by a superior body 27% Operations of the British Aimy in Portigal, (Oct. ¥} “Mody of the enemy, who attempted to cut tecm off from the main body of the detach- ment to which they belonged, which had now advanced to their support ; Jarger bodies of the enemy appearedon both the flanks of the detachment, and it was with difficulty that Major-General Spencer, who had gone out to ©®£bidos when he had heard that the riflemen hhad advanced in pursuit of the enemy, was ’ enabled to effect their retreat to that village. They have since remained in possession of it, and the enemy have retired entirely from the neighbourhood. In this little affair of the advanced posts, which was occasioned solely hy the eagerness: ef the troops in pursuit of the enemy, Lam concerned to add, that Lieutenant Bunburyy of the 2d battalion of the 95th, was killed, and the Hon. Captain Pakenham wounded, but slightly ; and we have lost some-men, of wwhose number I have not received the rE. turns, ‘ * Head quarters at Villa Verd, August 17. My Lord,—The French General, Laborde, having continued in his position at Roleia sitice: my-arrival at Caldas, on the 15th inst. I determined to attack him in it this morning. Roleia is situated on an eminence, having a plain in its front, at the end of a valley, which commences 2t Caldas, and is closed to the southward by mountains, which join the hills, forming the valley on the left, looking from Caldas. In the centre of the valley, and about eight miles from Roleia, is the town and old Moorish fort of G&bidos, from. whence the enemy’s piquets had been ¢riven on the a5th, and from that time he had posts in the hills on both sidés of the valley, as well as in the plain in front of his army, which was posted on the heights in front of Roleia,: its right resting upon the hills, its left upon an eminence, on which was.a windmill, and the whole covering four or five passes into the zaountains in his rear. I have reason to believe that his forge con- sisted of at least 6000 men, of which about 500 were cavalry, with five pieces of cannon ; and there was some reason to believe that Ge- neral Loison, who was at Rio Major yester- day, would join General Laborde by his right in the course of the night. The plan of at- tack was formed accordingly, and the army having broken up from Caldas this morning, was formed into three columns 3 the right, consisting of 1200 Portuguese infantry and 50 Portugnese cavalry, destined to turn the ene- my’s left, and penetrate into the moun‘ains jn his rear; the left, consisting of Major- General Ferguson’s and Brigadier General Bowes’s brigades of infantry, three compa- ‘pieS of riflemen, a brigade of light artillery, and 20 British and 20 Portuguese cavalry, was destined, under the command of Major- General Ferguson, to aseend the hills at Q2bidos, to turn all the enemy’s posts on the left of the valley, as well as the right of bis post dt Roleia; this corps was also destined to watch the motions of Generat ‘Loison, on the enemy’s right, who I had heard had moved from Rio Major towards Alcoentré last night. The centre column, consisting of Mas jor- General Hill's, Brigadier-general Nightin- gale’s, Brigadier-General Craufurd’s, and Bri gadier-Genetal Fane’s brigades, (with the exception of the riflemen detached with Ma- jor-General Ferguson) and 400. Portuguese light infantry, the British and Portuguese ca- valry, a brigade of nine pounders, and a bri- gade of six-pound were destined to dt- tack General Laborde’s position in front. The colurins being formed, the troops moved from Ciibidos about seven o'clock in the morning. Brigadicr-General Fane’s rifle. men were immediately detached into the hills, on the left of the valley, to keep up the com- munication between the centre and left co- lumns, and to protect the march of the former along the valley ; and the enemy’s Posts were successively driven in. | Major- General Hill’s brigade formed in three co- lumns of battalions, moved’on the right of the valley, supported by the cavalry, in ordoy to attack the enemty’s left; and Brigadier- Generals Nightingale and Craufurd moved: with the artillery along the high road, until at length the former formed in the plain im-) mediately in the enemy’s front, supported by the light infantry companies, and the 45th > regiment of General Craufurd’s brigade, while the two other regiments of this bri- gade (the 50th and Q1st,) and half of the Aine-pounder brigades were kept a8 a reserve inthe rear. Major-General Hill and Brigadier General Nightingale advanced spon the enemy’s posi- tion, and, at the same moment, Brigadier- General Fane's riflemen were in the hills on his right; the Portuguese infantry in a village upon his left; and Major-General Ferguson's column was descending from the heights into the plain. From this situation the enemy re- tired by the passes into the mountains, with the utmost regularity, and the greatest cele- rity ; and notwithstanding the rapid advance of the British infantry, the want of a suffi- cient body of cavalry was the cause of his suftering but little loss in the plain. It was then necessary to male a disposition to attack the formidable position which he had taken up. Brigadier-General Fane’s riflemen were already in the mountains on his right, and no time was lost in attacking the different passes, as well to support the riflemen, asto + defeat the enemy completely. » The Portuguese infantry were ordered to move up a pass on the right of the whole; the light companies of Major-General Hill’s |) brigade and the 5th regiment moved up a pass nexton the right; and the ¢9th regiment, Supported by the 9th regiment, ander Briga- dier-General Nightingale, a third pass; and’ the 45th and 82d regiments, passes om the left. These passes were all difficult of access, - and seme of them wre wall defended by the. ry _ enemys. ~ om 5 ®, al 1808.7" enemy, particularly that, which was attacked by the 29th and 9th regiments. These regi- ments attacked with the greatest impetuo- sity, and reached the enemy before those whose attacks were to be made on their flanks; the defence of the enemy was desperate, and it was in this attack principally that we sus- tained the loss which we have to lament,’ particularly of that gallant officer the Hon. Lieutenant-Colonel Lake, who distinguished himself upon this occasion, The enemy was, however, driven from all the positions he had taken in the passes of the mountains, and our troops were advanced in the plains on the tops. For a considerable length of time the 29th and 9th regiments alone were advanced to this point, with Bri- gadier-General Fane’s riflemen at a distance on the left, and they were afterwards sup- | ported by the 5th regiment, and by the light companies of Major-General Hill’s brigade, which had come up on their right; and by the other troops ordered to ascend the moun- tains, who came up by degrees. The enemy here made three most gallant attacks-upoa the 29th and 9th regiments, supported, as I have above stated, with a view to cover the retreat of his defeated army, in all of which he was, however, repulsed; but he succeeded in effecting his retreat in good order, owing, prin- cipally, to my. want of. cavalry 3 and, se- condly, ‘to the difficulty of bringing up to the Passes of the mountains with celerity, asuf- ficient number of troops, and of cannon, to Support those which had first ascended. The loss of the enemy has, however, been very great 5 and he lett three pieces of cannon in our hands. I cannot sufficiently applaud the conduct nf the troops througiiout this action. The f€nemy’s positions were formidable, and he took them up with his usual ability and cele- Tity, anddefended them most gallantly. But I must observe, that although we had sucha Superiority of numbers employed in the ope- rations of this day, the troops actually en- gaged in the heat of the action were, from wnavoidable circumstances, only the 5th, Mth, 29th, the riflemen of the 95th and 60th, and the flank companies of Major-General -Hill’s brigade, being a number by no means equal to that of the enemy ; their conduct, therefore, deserves the highest commenda- tion, I cannot avoid to take this opportunity of expressing my acknowledgments for the aid and supporc I received from all the ge- nerals and other officers of this army. Iam particularly indebted to Major - General Spenser tor the advice and assistance 1 re- ceived from him3;—to Major-G-neral Fergu- son, tor.the manner in which he Jed the left olumn; and to Major-General Hill, and Brigadier-Generals Nightingale and Fane, for the manner in which they conducted the dif- ferent attacks which they led. J derived _ Monrury Mag., No, 176, Viciory:of Vimiera, 272 most material assistance also from Lieutenant~ Colonel Tucker and Lieutenant-Colonel. Bathurst, in the offices, of Deputy-Adjutant and Deputy-Quarter-Master General, and from the officers of the staff employed:under them. I must also mention, that I had every reason to be satisfied with the artillery under Lieutenant-Colonel Robe. ; Ihave the konour to inclose herewith a re~, turn of killed, wounded, and miissing. Iam, &c, (Signed) Antuur WELLESLEY. Return of killed and wounded. Officers, non-commissioned officers, rank and file, and horses killed, wounded, and missing, 482. Head-quarters at Lourinbay Aug. 18, 1808. My Lord,—Since I wrote to you last night, I have heard from Brigadier General An- struther, that he is on the coast of Piniche, with the fleet of victuallers and store-ships, in charge of Captain Bligh, of the Alfred,’ with a part of the force detached from Ene-, land under Brigadier-General Ackland, jin consequence of the receipt of orders which. I had left at Mondego Bay for General Ack-, land, which he had opened. I have ordered, Brigadier-General Anstruther, to land imms— diately, and 1 haye moyed.to. this place, in, order to protect hislandings :and facilitate his, junction. iss) 14ibe al : General Loisop joined General Laborde in the course, of last nighty,at,.Torres Vedras ; and I understand that both,began their march towards Lisbon this morning; 1 also hear that General Junot has arrived this day at Torres Vedras, with a small corps from Lis- bon ;' and I conclude that the whole of the French army will be assembled between Torres Vedras and the capital, in the course of a few days. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) ArtuHur WELLESrEY. To the Right Hon. Lord Castlereagh, &c. &c. Head-quarters, Maceira, Aug. 21, My Lord,—The report which I have the honour to inclose to your Lordship, made at my request by Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, conveys information which can- not but prove highly gratifying to his Majesty. On my landing this morning, I found that the enemy’s attack had already commenced, and I was fortuate enough to reach the field of action in time to witness and approve of every disposition that had been, and was afs terwards made by Sir Arthur, Wellesley, his comprehensive mind furnishing a ready )re- source in ewery emergency,.and rendering it quite unnecessary to direct any alterations. I am happy, on this occasion, to bear testi mony to the great spirit and good conduct dis- played by all the troops composinz this gallant army in this well-contested action } I send this dispatch by Captain Camphell, aid-du-camp to Sir Arthur Wellesley, no per- Na Som 274 son being better qualified to give your Lwa- ship inférmation. ) ~~ "'f have the honéut to be, &c. i Harry Burk kD, Litut.-Gen. To the Right Hon, Lord Castlereagh, Be. Gc. Vitiiera, Aug. 21, 1808. > Siry-=I have the honour to report to you that the enemy attacked our position at Vi- mieéra this morning. The village of Vimiera stands in a valley, through which runs the river Meceira; at the back, afd to the Westward and northward of this villagetis a mountain, the western point of which touches the sea, and the eastern js se- patated by a deep ravine from the heights, over which passes the road which leads from Lowrinha and the northward to Vimiera. The greater part of the infantry, the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, ahd 8th brigades, were posted on this mountain, with eight pieces of artillery ; Major-General Hill’s brigade being on the right, Major-General Ferguson’s on the left, having one battalion on the heights, sepa- ratéd from the mountain. On the “eattern and suuthern side of the town isa hill, which ig ‘éntirely commanded, particularly: on its right, by the mountain to the westward of ié town, and commanding all the ground in the neighbourhdod tu thé southward and east- ward, on which‘Britadier-Oéneral Fane was posted with his tifémén, and the 50th regi- ment, and Brigadier-General Anstruther with his brigade, with dialf a brigade of 6-pounders, aud half a brigade*of 9-pounders, whith had been ‘Ordered t6 the position in the course of Tast night. The grdund*over which passes the foad from Lourintia, commanded the left of this lieight, and Zt Kad not been occupied, éxcepting by 4 piquet, as the camp had been faken up ‘only for one night; and there Was no water in the neighbourhood of this height. The ‘cavalry ‘and the teserve of artillery were in the vallty, between the “hills on ‘which’ the infantry stood ; hoth flatiking and suppoiting Brigadier-General Fane’s advanced guard, * The enemy first appeared at eight o'clock in the morning, in large bodies of cavalry on Wur left, upon the heights on the road to Lourinha ; and it was soon obvious that the ‘attack would be mailé upon ‘our ‘advanced guard, and the left of our position; and Ma- jor-General Vergusun’s brigade was immedi- ately moved across the ravine to the heights, ‘on thé road to Lourinha, with three pieces of Sannon; ‘he was followed successively by Bri- Peditr-General Nightingale with his brigade, ‘and three pieces of cannon ; Brigadier-General Ackland with his brigade; and Brigadier- ‘General Bowes with ‘his ‘brigade. ‘These “troops were formed {Major-General Fergu- *son’s brigade in the first line; Brigadier-Ge- neral Nightingale’s in the second; and Briga- ‘dier-General Bowes’s and Ackland’s, in co- “‘Jumns, in the ‘rear) on those heights, with "Wisir-cight upon the valley which* leads into Victory of Vimiera. 108.3; Vimiera, and their left upon the other ravine; which sepatates these heights from the range, which terminates at the landing place at Mar- ceira. On these last-mentioned Ratghee ie Pot tuguese troops, whiclr had been in the bottom near Vimiera, were posted in the first instance, and they were supported by Brigadier-General Craufurd’s brigade. ; i The troops of the advanced guard on the height to the southward and eastward of the town were deemed sufficient for its defence, and Major-General Hill was nioved to the centre of the mountain, on which the great body of the infantry had been posted, as a support to these troops, and as a resetve to the whole army. In addition to this Support, these troops had that ‘of the cavalry in the rear of their right. The enemy’s attack began in several co: lumns, upon the whole of the troops on this height; on the left they advanced, notwiths standing the fire of the riflemen, close to the 50th regiment, and were checked and driven back only by the bayonets of that corps. The 2d battalion, 43d regiment, was likewise closely engaged with them in the road which leads into Vimiera; a part of that corps hav- ing been ordered into the church-yard, to prevent them from penetrating into the town. On the right of the position they were re- pulsed by the bayonets of the 97th regiment, which corps was successfully supported'by the 2d battalion 52d regiment, which, by an ad- vance in column, took the enemy tn flank. Besides this opposition given te the ‘attack ‘of the enemy on our advanced guard by their own exertions, they were attacked in flank by Brigadier-General Ackland’s brigade, in its advance to its position on the heights on the left, and a cannonade was kept up on thé flank of the enemy’s columas by tlie artillery on those heights. Atlength, after a most desperate contest, the enemy was driven back in:confusion from this attack, with the loss of seven pieces of cannon, many prisoners, and a great number of officers and soldiers ‘killed and Wounded. ‘He was pursued by the detachment of the 20th light dragbons, ‘bat the enemy’s cavalry were so much superior in numbers, that ‘this de- ‘tachment has suffered much, and Lieutenant- Colonel Taylor was unfortunately killed. Nearly at the same time, the enemy's at- tack commenced upon the heights on the road to Lourinha, This attack was supported by a large hody of cavalry, and was made with the usual impetuosity of the French troops.’ It was received with steadiness by Major-General Ferguson’s brigade, consisting of the S6th, 40th, and 71st, regiments ; and these corps charged as soon as the enemy approached them, who gave way, and they continued to advance upon him, supported by the 82d, one ‘of the corps of Brigadier-General Nightingale’s brigade, which, as the ground extended, af- terwards formed a part of the first line; by the 29th regiment, ‘and by Brigadier-General Bowes’s, 1908.] Bowes’s and Ackland’s brigades, while Briga- dier- General Craufurd’s brigade, and the Por- tuguese troops, in-two lines, advanced along the height on the leit. In the advance of Major-General Ferguson's brigade, six ,pieces of cannon were taken from the enemy, with many prisoners, and vast numbers were killed and wounded, _ The enemy afterwards made an attempt to recover a part of his artillery, by attacking the 71st and 82d regiments, which were halted in a valley in which it had beentaken. These regiments retired from the low grounds in the valley to the heighrs, where they halted, faced about, fired, and advanced upon the enemy, who had by that time arrived in the low ground, and they thus obliged him again to retire with great loss. In this action, in which the whole of the French force in Portugal was employed, under the command of the Duke D’ Abrantes in per- Son, in which the enemy was certainly su- perior in cavalry and artillery, and in which not more than half of the British army was ‘actually engaged, he has sustained a signal de- feat, and has lost thirteen pieces of cannon, twenty - three ammunition - waggons, with powder, shells, stores of all descriptions, and twenty thousand rounds of musket ammuni- tion. One general officer (Beniere) has been wounded and taken prisoner,and a great many officors and soldiers have been killed, wounded, and taken. The valour and discipline of his Majesty’s troops have been conspicugus upon this occa- sion, as you, who witnessed the greatest part of the action, must have observed; but it is a justice to the following corps to draw your notice to them in a particular manner; viz. —the Royal Artillery, commanded by Lieure- nant-Colonel Robe; the 20th dragoons, which had been commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor; the 50th regiment, commanded by Colonel Walker; the Yd battalion, 94th foot, commanded by Major Travers; the 5th bat- talion, 60th regiment, commanded by Major Davy; the 2d battalion, 43d, commanded by Major Hull; the 2d battalion, 5¢d, com- manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Ross; the 97th regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Lyon; the Soth regiment, commanded by Colonel Burne; the 40ch, commanded by Colonel Kemmis; the 71st, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Pack; and the 82d regi- Ment, commanded by Major Eyre Ja mentioning Colonel Burne, and tne 36th regiment to you upon this occasion, J cannot avoid to add, that the regular and orderly con- ct of this corps throughout this service, and their gallantry and discipline in action, have been conspicuous, IT must take this opportpnity of acknow- ledging my obligations to the General and Staff officers of the army. IL was much in- dedted to Major-General Spencer's judgment and experience, in the decision which I formed with respect to the number of troops allotted fo euch point of defence ; and for his advice Victory of Vinuera, Q75 and assistance throughout the action. In the position taken up by Major-General Ferguson's brigade, and in its advance upon the enemy, that officer shewed equal bravery and judg- ment; and much praise is dug to Brigadier; General Fane, and Brigadier-General Anstrue ther, for their gallant defence of their posi- tion in front of Vimiera, and to Brigadier-Ge- neral Nightingale, for the manner in which he supported .the attack upon the enemy, made by IMajor- General Ferguson, Lieutenant-Colonel G. Tucker, and Lieute- nant Colonel Bathurst, and the two officers in the departments of tbe Adjutant and Quarters Master-General, and Lieutenant- Colonel Tore rens, and the officers of my personal staff, ren+ dered me the greatest assistance throughout the action. Jf have the honour to inclose herewith a return of the killed, wounded, and missing. Iam, &c. (Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY. N.B. Since writing the above, I have been informed that a French General-officer, sup- posed to be General Thebault, the chief of the staff, has been found dead upon the field of battle. A.W Return of killed, quoynded, and missing. 1 lieutenant-coionel, 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 3 serjeants, 128 rank and file, 30 horses, killed; 3 majors, 10 captains, 19 lieutes nants, 3 ensigns, 2 staff, 27 serjeants, 4 drummers, 466 rank and file, 1% horses, wounded; 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, 1 ser jeant, 2 drummers, 46 rank and file, 4 horse, missing. | Return of ordnance and ammunition taken in the action of the 21st of August. 1 six-pounder, 4 four-pounders, 2 threes pounders, 6 five and half inch howitzers.—s | 2 ammunition waggons.—-21 Portuguece ammunition cars.—-40 horses.—4 mules, The above is only the number already re- ceived in the park ; but, from several accounts, there are eight more taken from the enemy, The ammunition waggons and cars contain a portion of powder, shells, and stores, of all descriptions, and about 20,000 lbs. of musket ammunition. ‘ A Dispatch, of which the following is a Copy, was received on the 15th of Sep- tember, from Liecutenant-General Sir Hev Dalrymple, commanding His Ma- jesty’s troops in Portugal, addressed to Lord Viscount Castlereagh, one of His Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State, and brought by Captain Dalrymple, Mi- litary Secretary to Sir Hew Dalrymple. Headquarters, Cintra, September 3, 1808. My Lozp,—I have the honour to ins form your lordship, that I landed in Portu- gal, and took the command of the army, on Monday, the 22d of Auguft, the next day after the battle of Vimiera, and where the enemy fuftained a fignal defeat ; where the valour and difcipline of Britith troops, and the talents of British officers, were emi- nently difplayed. A few 276 ® Afew houré after my attival General Kel- lermann came in witha flag of ttuce from the French General-in-chiefin order to propofe an agreement fora ceffation of hoftilities, for the purpofe of ‘concluding a cotivention for the evacuation of Portugal by the French troops. The inclofed contains the feveral articles at firft agreed upon and figned by Sir Arthur Wellefley and General Kellermann; but as this was done with a reference to the Britith admiral, who, when the agreement was com- mounicated'to him, objected to the feventh article, which had for its object the difpofal of the Ruffian fleet in the Tagus, it was finally concluded, that Lieutenant colonel Murray, quarter-mafter-general to the Britith army, and General Kellermann, fhould pro- éeed to the difcuflion of the remaining ar- ticles, and ‘finally to conclude a convention for the evacuation of Portugal, fubjed&t to the ratification of the French general-in-chief, and the Britifh commanders, by fea and land. After confiderable difcuflion and repeated reference to me, which rendered it neceflary for me to avail myfelf of the limited period latterly prefcribed for the fufpenfion 6f hos- tilities, in order to move the army forwards, and to place the feveral columns upon the routés by which they were to advance, the convention was figned, and the ratification ex- changed the joth of laft month. . That notime might be lost in obtaining an- chorage. for the tranfports and other fhipping which’ had for fome days been expofed to great peril on this dangerous coaft, and to infure the communication between the army and the vic- tnallers, which was cut off by the badnefs of the weather and the furf upon the fhore, I fent orders to the Buffs and 42d regiments, which were on board of tranfports with Sir Charles Cotton’s fleet, to land and take poffeflion of the forts on the Tagus whenever the admiral thought it proper todofo. This was accord- ingly carried into execution yefterday morn- ing, when the forts of Cafcais, St. Juliens, and Bugio were evacuated by the French troops, and taken pofleflion of by ours. As I landed in Portugal entirely unacquaint- ed with the actual ftate of the French army, and many circumftances of a local and inci- dental nature, which doubtlefs had great wejght in deciding the queftion; my own opinion in favour of the expediency of ex~- pellip e French army from Portugal by means of the convention the late defeat had induced the French general-in-chief to fo- inftead of doing fo by a continuation of ities, was principally founded on the ortance of time, which tlie feafon of rendered peculiarly valuable, and the enemy could eafily have confimed y inatHie protracted defence of the ftrong places = occupied, had terms of convention been x, ¥éfufed them. “ “S® When the fufpenfion of arms was agreed 2 upon, the army under the command of Sir John Moore had not arrived, and doubts were . y ™ - * y Extraordindry Conventionin Portugal. 7" ae [Oct, 1,) even entertained whéther fo large” a bady of men’ could be landed on an open and dangerous beach ; and that ‘being effected, whether the fupply of fo large’ an army with provifions — from the fhips could be provided for, under all the difadvantagts to which the thipping were expofed: During the negociation, the former dificulty was overcome by the acti- Vity, zeal, and intelligence, of Captain Mal- colm of the Donegal, and che officers and ment under his orders; but the poflibility of the latter feems to have been at an end, nearly at the moment when it was no longer neceflary.’ Captain Dalrymple, of the 18th Dragoons, my military fecretary, will have the honour of delivering to your lordfhip this difpatch. He is fully informed of whatever has been done under my orders, relative to the fervice on which I have been employed, and can give any explanation thereupon that may be required. 1 have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) Hew DaraymPce, Lieut-Gen. Suspension of Arms agreed upon between Licu= tenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley, K. B. onthe one part, and the General of Division Kellermann, Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour, Commander of the Order of the Iron €rown, and Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Bavaria, on the other part, each having powers from the respective Generals of the French and English Armies, Head- Quarters of the English Army, Aug. 22, 1808. Arr. 1—There fhall be, frora this date, a fufpenfion of arms between the armies of His Britannic Majefty and His Imperial and Royal Majefty, Napuleon 1. for the purpofe of negociating a convention for the evacyation of Portugal by the French army. II.—The Generals in Chief of the two are mies, and the Commander-in-chief of the Britith Fleet at the entrance of the Tagus, - will appoint a day to aflemble on fuch part of the coaft as fhall be judged convenient, to negociate and conclude the faid convention. Ill. The river of Sirandre thall form the line of demarcation to be eftablifhed between the two armies; Torres Vedras fhall not be occupied by either. ’ IV.—The General-in-Chief of the Eng- lifh army undertakes to include the Portu- guefe armies in this fufpenfion of arms, and for them the line of demarcation fhall be ef- tablithed from Leira to Thomar, V.—It is agreed, provifionally, that the French army {hall not, in any cafe, be con- fidered as prifoners of war; that all the indi- viduals who compofe it fhall be tranfported to France, with their arms and baggage, and the whole of their private property, from which nothing fhall be excepted, , “VI.—No individual, whether Portuguefe, or of a nation allied to France, or French, fhall be called to account for his political conduct; their refpective property fhall be pro~ tected, and they fhall be at liberty to with- - > hia, Wy 2 v WwW AM , draw —— 1808"] | draw from Portugal within’a limited time, with their property. 3 _ WIL —The neutraliry of the Port of Lif- bon thall be recognifed for the Ruffian fleet-— thatis to fay, that when the Englith army or fleet thell be in the poffeflion of the City and Por:, the faid Ruffian fleet fhall not be dif- turbed during its ftay, nor ftopped when it withes to fai], nor purfued when it fhall fail, until after the time fixed bythe maritime law. VIII.—All the artillerv of French calibre, and alfo the horfes of the cavalry, fhall be tran{ported to France. _ 1X.—This fufpenfion of arms fhall not be broken, without 48 hours previous notice. ' Done and agreed upon between the above- named Generals, the day and year above-men- tioned. (Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY, KexrrermMan, Gen. of Div. Additional article. —Vhe Garrifons of the places occupied by the French army fhall be ‘included in the prefent convention, if they have not capitulated before the 25th inftant. (Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY. KELLERMANN, Gen. of Div. Definitive Convention for the Evacuation of Por- , gal by the French’ Army. “The Generals commanding in chief the Britifh end French armies in Portugal, having determined to negociate and conclude a treaty for the evacuation of Portngal by the French troops, on the bafis of the agreement entered into on’ the 22d instant, for a fufpenfion of hostilities, have appointed the under-men- tioned officers to negociate the fame in their names, viz.—On the part of the General-in- chief of the Brititharmy, Lieutenant Coionel Murray, Quarter-master-general, and on the part of the General-in-chief of the French army, Monfieur Kellermann, General-of ‘Di- vifion, to whom they have given authority to negociate and conclude a conventien to that effeét, fubject to their ratification refpectively, and to that of the Admiral commanding the British fleet at the encrance of the Tagus. Thofe two officers, after exchanging their full powers, have agreed upon the articles which follow: * Ary I,—All the places and forts in the kingdom of Portugal, occupied by the French troops, shall be delivered up tothe Britith army inthe ftate in which they are at the eriod of the fignature of the prefent con- vention. *11—The French troops fhall evacuate Portugal with their arms-and baggage; they wall not be confidered as prifoners of war, and on their arrival in France, they hall be at liberty to ferve. * W1.—The Englith Government fhall fur- " nifh the means of conveyance for the French army,which fhall be difembarked in any of the jorts of France between Rochfortand L’Orient inclufively. . ~ 1V.—The French army thall carry with it all its artillery of French calibre; with Extraordinary Convention in Pertugal. ‘to the Britith army. 277 the horfes belonging to it, and the tumbrils: fupplied with fixty rounds per gun. Alb other artillery, arms and ammunition, as alfo the military and navalarfenals, fhall be giver up to the Britifh army and navy, in the ftate in which they may be at the period of the ra- tification of the convention, ' V.—The French army thall carry with it all its equipments, and all that is compres hendéd under the name of property of the army; that is to fay, its military cheft, and carriages attached to the field-commiflariat and field-officers, or shall be allowed to difs pofe of fuch part of the fame on its account as the Commander-in-chief may judge it un- necefflary to.embark. In like mannerall in- dividuals of the army hall be at liberty to difpofe of their private property of every de- {cription, with full fecurity hereafter for the purchafers. : VI.—The cavalry are to embark their horfes, as alfo the Generals and other offi- cers of allranks. Itis, however, fully un- derftood, that means of conveyance for horfes at the dilpofal of the Britith commanders are very limited; fome additional conveyance may be procured in the port of Lifbon; the number of horfes to be embarked by the troops fhall not exceed fix hundred, and the number embarked by the ftaff fhall not exceed two hundred. At all events, every facility will be given to the. French army to difpofe of the horfes belonging to it, which cannot be embarked. , VIil.—In order to facilitate the embarka- tion, it fhall take place in three divifions, the laft of which will be principally compofed of the garrifons of the places, of the cavalry, the artillery, the fick, and the equipment of the army. The firft divifion thall embark within feven days of the date of the ratification, or fooner, it poffible. VIil.—The Garrifon of Elvas, and its forts, and of Peniche and Palmela, will be embarked at Lifbon. That of Almaida at Oporto, or the neareft harbour. They will be accompanied on their march by Britith commiffaries, charged with providing for their fubfiftence and accommodation. ‘ IX.—All the fick and wounded who can- not be embarked with the troops are entrutted They are to be taken care of whilft they remain in this country at the expence of the Britith Government,under the condition ef the fame being reimburfed by France when the final evacuation is effeétec, The Englith Government will provide for their return to France, which will take place by detachments of about one hundred and fifty or two hundred men ata time. . A fofficient number of French medicalsofficers fhall be left behind to attend them, . ) X.—As foon as the>veffels employed to ‘carry the army to France, hall. have difem- barked it in the harbours. specifiedy; or in any other of the ports of France te which frets of weather may force them, every |facilicy thall ‘ 2718 Shall begiven them to return to England with- out delay, and fecurity againit capture until eheir arrival in a friendly port. » ¥L—The French army fhall be concen- trated io Lifbon, and within a diitance of about two leagues from it, The Englihh army will approach within three leagues of ghe capital, and wil! be fo placed as to leave about one league between the two armies. XIL—The forts St. Julian, the bugio, and the Cascais, fhall be occupied by the Bricith troops on theratification of the con- vention, Lifbon and its ctadel, together with the forts and batteries as far as the La- zaretto or ‘Trafuria un one fide, and Fort Sc. Jofeph on the other, incluGvely, fhall be given up on the embarkation of the fecond diviGon, as fhali alfothe harbour and all armed yeffels in it of every defcription, with their rigging, fails, ftores, and ammunition, The fortreffes of Elves, Almaida, Peniche, and Palmela, fhall be given up as foon as the Britith troops can arrjve to occupy them. In the mean time the General-in-Chief of the Britifh army will give notice of the prefent Convention to the garrifons of thofe places, as alfo to the troops before thém, in order to put afop to all farther hoftilittes, XIII.—Commiflaries thall be named on both fides, to regulate and accellerate the execvticn of the arrangements agreed upon. XIV.—Should there arife doubts as to the meaning of any article, it will be explain, ed favorably to the French army. _ KV —From the date of the ratification of the prefent convention, all arrears of con- tributions, requifitions, or claims whatever, of the French Government, againit fubjects f Portugal, or any other individuals refi- ging in this country, founded on the occu- pation of Portugal by the French troops in the month of December 1307, which may not have been paid up, are cancelled, aod all fequeftrations laid apon their property, moveable or immoveable, are removed, and rhe free difpofal of the fame is reftored to the proper owners, XVI.—All fubjectsof France, domiciliated in Portugal, or accidentally io this country, fhall be protested. Their property of every kind, moveable or immoveable, fhall be refpetted, and they ffiall be at liberty either to accom- ' pany the Freach army or to remain in Por- tugal. In either cafe their property is gua- yanteed tothem, with the liberty of retain- ing or of difpofing of it, and pafiing che produce wf the fale thereof into France, or any other country where they may fix their refidence, the {pace of one year being allowed them for that purpofe. Itis fully underftood that the shipping is excepted from this arrangement, only, how- ever, in fo far as regards leaving the port, -and that none of the ftipulations above men- ‘tioned can be made the pretext of any com- emercial fpeculation. / | MV leeNo pative of Portugal fhall be ren- aka Extraordinary Convcntion in Portugal. [OB 1, dered accountable for his political conduct during the period of the occupation of this country by the French army; and all_thofe who have continued in the exercife of their employments, or who have accepted fituations under the French Government, are placed under the proce@tion of the Britifh comman- ders, they fhall fuftain no injury in their perfons. or property, it mot having been at their option to be obedient, or not, to the French Government; they are alfo at liberty to avail themfelves of the ftipulations of the 16ch article. , ( XVILI,—The Spanifh troops detained on board fhip in the port of Lifbon, fhall be given up to the Commander-in chief of the Bri- tith army, who engages to obtain of the Spa- niards to reflore such French fubjects, either military or civil, as may have been detained in Spain, without being taken in battle,’ or in confequence of military operations, but on occafion of the occurrences of the 29th of lait May, and the days immediately following, XiX.—There hall be an immediate ex- change eftablithed for all ranks of prifoners made in Portugal, fince the commencement of the prefent hoftilities. XX —Hoftages of the rank of Field Offi- cers fhall be mutually furnifhed on the part of the Britifh army and navy, and op that of the french army, for the reciprocal guarantee of the prefent convention. The officer of the British army thall be reftored on the com- pletion of the articles which concern the army; and the officer of the navy on. the difembarkation of the French troops in their own country. The like is to take place on the parc ef the French army. XXL.—lIc shall be allowed to the General- in-Chief of the French army, to fend an of- ficer to France with intelligence of the pre- fent convention. A veflel will be furnifhed by the Britith admiral to convey him to Bourdeaux or Rochfort. : XXII.—The Britith admiral will be in- vited to accommodate his Excellency the commander-in-chief, and the other principal officers of the French army, on board of thips of war. Done and concluded at Lifbon, this 3cth day of Augult, 1808. + Geo. Murray, Quartermafter-Gen, _. Kevvermann, General of Divifion, We, the Duke ofAbrantes, general in chief of the French army, have ratified, and do ratify the prefent Definitive Convention in all its articles, to be executed according to its form and tenor, ’ (Signed) The Duke of ApranrTEs, Head-Quarters, Litbon, oth Aug. 1808. = / Additional Articles to the Convention of August 30, 1808. Axt. I.—The individuals in the civil em- ployment of the army made prifoners, either by the British troops, or by the Portuguele, in any port of Portugal, will be reftored, as is cuttomary, without exchange. 4 Il,—The yet 1808.) '-Ti Ae a [O&1, My letter of the. 25th will have acquainted you of the Ruffian fquadron having appeared off Oro Ruad on, the 23d. The arrangements for quitting that anchorage, after his Swedith Majefty’s fhips from Jungfur Sound had join- ed Rear-Admiral Nauckhoff, were completed on the evening of the 24th. Early the next morning the whole force put to fea; foon after the Ruffian fleet. was difcovered off Hango Udd, the wind at. N. E. Not a mo- ment was loft in giving purfuit, and every fail preffed by his Swedifh Majefty’s fquadron. Fromm the fuperior failing of the Centaur and Implacable they were foon in advance, fo that at the clofe of the evening the enemy were not far off, and noticed in the greateft difor- der, endeavouring to avoid a general battle.In the morning of the 26th, about five o’clock, the Implacable was enabled to bring the lee- wardmoft of the enemy’s line-of-battle thips to clofe a¢tion, in a moft brave and gallant manner; and fo decidedly and judiciously was this manguvre executed, that the Ruffian Admiral, who bore up with the whole of his force, could not prevent that marked fuperi- ority of difcipline and feamanthip being emi- nently diftinguifhed. Although the enemy’s fhip fought with the greateft bravery, fhe was filenced in about twenty minutes; and only the near approach of the enemy’s whole fleet could have prevented her then falling, her colours and pendant being both down; -but I was obliged to make the fignal for the Implacable to clofe me. Captain Martinjs letter, ftating the brave and, gallant conduct of Lieutenant Baldwin, his other officers and men, I fend herewith; and it would be nged~ lefs for me to add more to you on their meri= torious conduét. If words of mine could en- ‘hance the merit of this brave, worthy, and ex- cellent officer, Captain Martin, I could doit with the mott heartfelt gratification; and the high efteem I have for bim as an officer'and a - friend, no language can fufliciently exprefs. The Ruffian admiral having fent a frigate to tow the difabled thip, again hauled his wind, and the Implacable being ready to make fail, I immediately gave chace, and foon _ obliged the frigate to, caft off her tow, when the Ruffian Admiral was again under the ne- ceflity to fupport her by feveral of his line-of- battle fhips bearing down, and I had every profpeét of this bringing on.a general action, to avoid which he availed himfelf of a favour- able fant of wind, and entered the port of Rogerfwick. , 2 bohanl _ The line-of-battle fhip engaged by the Im- placable having fallen to leeward grounded on a fhoal juft at the entrance of the port 3 there being then fome fwell, 1 hada hope fhe mut have been deftroyed, but the wind moderat- ing towards the evening, the appeared to ride at her anchor, and exertions were made to re~ pair her damage. At fun-fet, finding the {well abated,-and boats fent from the Ruffian fleet to tow her into.port, I directed Temes cy ° ww a hy) -1808.] “ley to fland in and endeavour to cut her off _this was executed in a manner that mult ever reflect the higheft honour on Captain Web- ley, the officers and fhip’s company of the Centaur, for their valour and perfeverance in the fupport of my orders. The boat had made atonfiderable progrefs, and the enemy’s thip ¥ fe Was juft entering the port when we had the good fortune to lay her on board; ‘her bow- fprit taking the Centaur’s forerigging, the {wept along with her bow grazing the muz- zles of our guns, which was the only fignal for their difcharge, and the enemy’s, bows were drove in by this raking fire ; when the bowfprit came to the mizen rigging, 1 order- ed it to be lafhed; this was performed ina moft fttady manner by the exertions of Cap- tain Webley, Lieutenant Lawlefs, Mr. Strode the mafter, and other brave men, under a very heayy fire from the enemy’s mufketry y by which, I am forry to add, Lieutenant Lawlefs is feverely wounded. The thip being in fix fathoms water, I hada hope I thpuld ‘have been able to have towed her vut in that pefition, but an anchor had been let go from her unknown to us, which made it impoflible to effect it; at this period much valour was difplayed on both fides, and feveral attempis made to board by her bowfprit, but nothing could withftand the cool and determined fire of the marines under Captain Bayley and the other officers, as well as the fire from our ftern-chafe guns, that in lefs than half an hour the was obliged to furrender. Qa this occafion I again received the greateft aid from Captain Martin, who anchored his fhip in a palition to heave the Centaur off, after fhe and the prize had grounded, which was for- Incidents in and near London. 231 tunately effected at'the moment two of the enemy’s fhips_were feen under fail ftanding towards, us, but retreated as they faw the fhips extricated from this difficulty. The prize proved to be the Sevolod, of 74 guns, Captain Roodneffi; fhe had fo much water im-her, and being fatt on fliore, after taking out the prifoners and wounded meo, I was dbliged to give orders for her being burnt, which fervice was completely effected under the direétion of Lieutenant Biddulph, of this fhip, by fever’ o’clock in the morning. I cannoi fpeak too highly of the brave and gallant conduét of Captain Webley, and every officer and man under his command; and I beg leave t= recommend to you, for the no- tice of the Lords Commiffioners of the Ad- miralty, Lieutenant Lawlefs, for his exertions and gallant conduét, and who has feverely fuffered on this occafion ; and i alfo mutt beg Ieavé to recommend Lieutenant William Cafe, the fenior officer of this thip. Herewith you will receive a lift of the killed and wounded on board this fhip and the Implacable, and from every information that it was poilible to collect, that of the enemy’s fhip captured.—-I have the honour to be, &c. Sam. Hoop, Sir Fames Saumarez, Bart. K. B. Vice- Admiral of the Blse, Gc. Ge Return of the Killed and Wounded, Nine killed and 53 wounded. Killed and Wounded on board the Emperor of Russia’s late Ship of War Sevolod. Forty-three killed and 80 wounded in ac- tion with the Implacable. 180 killed and miffing in aétion with the Centaur, Total 303 killed, grounded, and mifling. _ INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, axp DEATHS, 1x, anp wean LONDON: With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. a THE destruction of the elegant Theatre of Covent Garden by fire is to be ‘added to the number of conflagrations of edifices dedi- cated to dramatic representations, which have occurred in the course of the last twenty-five years. About four o’clock in the morning of Tuesday, September 20th, this extensive building was discovered to he in fames 3 and so fierce and rapid was the fire, that no exer- tion could stop its course. Within less than three hours after its commencement, the whole of the interior of the theatre was de- stroyed: nearly the whole of the scenery, wardrobe, musica) and dramatic libraries, and properties of all kinds, were a heap of smoak- ing ruins. All the books and papers relative to the concerns of the theatre, as well as the produce of the preceding night’s performance, were preserved. A considerable number of engines promptly attended, but there was a shameful want of water for some time. It was upwards of an hour before some of the engines evuld be supplied, They afterwards played ) Montury Maa., No. 176, \ with the utmost possible effect for upwards of an hour, when the roof of the theatre fell in with a dreadful crash, and thus announced the destruction of the interior of this elegant building. The fire raged with most violence at the upper end of Bow street, the western side of which, nearly as far as the Police- office, was soon birned down, to the extent of seven or eight houses, including the pub- lic house called the Strugglers. .n Hart~ street the flames communicated to the houses. on the opposite side of the street from the theatre, and four of them caught fire at the same moment; but by the.great activity’ of the people and firemen, they suffered little more damage than 4 severe scorching. Great apprehensions were entertained for the safety of Drury-lane theatre, as the flakes of fire Were carried on by the wind with force and in great quantities in that direction. A great number of people mounted the roof, ready in case of actual fire, to open the large cistern of water provided there. They also stopped Oo the 282 the windows with wet cloths, to prevent the entrance of the flames, and thus secured the theatre. All the people in the neighbour- hood took a similar precaution, and were em- ployed with their servants in picking up the flakes of fire as they fell upon the roofs or in the yards. This isthe whole extent &f injury sustained in the neighbourhood ; but as to the theatre itself, it is totally consumed, and on the Hart-street side, not even the walls are standing. The Ship public house, two houses adjoining, and Mr. Brandon’s, the Box-keep- er’s Office, are all that remain at that angle. The most painful part of this dreadful event remains to be described. At an early stage of the fire, a party of firemen broke open the great door under the Piazza, on the western side, and having introduced an engite into the passages in the interior, they directed it tuwards the galleries, where the fire appear- ed to burn most fiercely, when, melancholy to relate, part of the building fell in, and buried them, with several others who had rushed in along with them, inthe ruins It was 2 considerable time before the rubbish, which now blocked up the door, could be cleared away. When it was effected, a mi- serable spectacle presented itself; the man- gled bodies of dead and dying appearing thro’ the rubbish, or being discovered in each ad- vance to remove it.—The names of the suf- ferers, as far as it has been possible to collect them, are as follow : George Kilby Richard Wrigglesworth to the Phenix Fire Richard Cadgett 4 Offic . e James Hunt Richard Davis, clerk to a house in the city John Harris, Hyce-street, Bloomsbury, op- . tician, on duty with the Bloomsbury vo- lunteers William Jones John Evans James Crab T. Mead Name unknown, supposed to be Nicholas Caswell John Sayers, a fireman Robert Hewett, plumber John Beaumont,a private in the Guards Jonas Philkins, coal-heaver ] died at Middle- Richard Bird, coach-maker } sex hospital _ Two persons, names. unknown, dug out of the ruins on the 23d No probable conjecture has been formed respecting the origin of this catastrophe. The value of the property saved is very inconsider- able ; and the total loss of the proprietors of the theatre alone, exclusive of that sustained by individuals, is estimated at _150,0001. of which about one third is covered by insurance. The improvements in Westminster are proceeding; the demolition of the old houses that stand’ between Palace-yard and the river; Firemen belonging Be dicine-ware- died in St. Bar- tholomew’s hos- pital Incidents in and near London. : [Oct. 1,. Thames is begun. The whole row, im which is the ancient Star Chamber, is to come down, “The perspective view of Westminster- bridge, thus admitted from the new opening, north of the Abbey, is extremely fine. Ag embankment is to be made along the river, to form a terrace walk, This ought to be suf- ficiently broad, and to be carried the whole Jength of the Parliament buildings, between the Speaker’s girden and the river. The royal entrance to the House of Lords, com- menced last year, remains much in the same state. Workmen have begun to restore the basement of the north front of Westminster~ hall. St. Margaret's church, we understand, is to remain on account of the great expénces very recently jncurred in its vepairs. Par- liament voted, within these few years, 11,0001. for that purpose. It is in contem- plation to enrich its exterior with the new cement, so as to make it groupe better with the Abbey. The cost of repairing’ and re- storing the inside and outside of the Chapel of Henry VII. is estimated, by professional men, at not less than 37,0001. Application is intended to be made to par- liament in the ensuing session, for an act for making a bridge, or bridges, over the river Thames, from some part of the precinct of the Savoy to the opposite shores. ? MARRIED. d At Chelsea, William Chambers, esq. of Aylsham, Norfolk, to Miss R. Thompson, daughter of Mr. William T. of Northwold, in the same county. At St. Martin’s, Mr. T.. W. Williams, of Fleet-street, to Miss Catherine Beaumont, daughter of William B. esq. of Bishop-Stort- ford, Herts.—And at the same time and place, Mr. Edward Bevan Thomas, ef Basinghall- street, to Miss Martha Beaumont, second — daughter of the above gentleman. At Islington, James Edward Pownall, esq. to Miss Gage, daughter of Captain G. of thie West London militia. At Hackney, J. S. Bray, esq. to Elizabeth, daughter of J. Hensley, esq. of Clayton— J. King, esq barrister of the Inner Temple, to Miss C. M. Staple, of London-field. At Lambeth, Renock Browne, esq. ©: Bushy Heath, to Mrs. Jane Brow, of Vaux- hall.—P. Power, esq. of Lime-street, to Miss M. Havard, of South Lambeth. At Mary-le-bone, Mr. J. Carvick, to Miss Mayer, daughter of the late Thomas M. esq- of Beaumont-street, Devonshire Place. At Kensington, W. A. Dingley, esq. te Miss A. Thompson, daughter of Mr. T. sur- geon. e 4 7 Lieutenant Mould, son of T. Mould, esq. of Howdon, Yorkshire, to Miss Mary Faw-. cett Westfield, daughter of the late William W. esq. of the royal navy, and formerly of Dover; in Kent. : At St. George’s, Hanover square, James Salmond, esq- to Miss Constable, eldest sur- Miving Pa . i er ed, ell. ae < 1808.) - Marriages and Deathsin and near London. viving daughter of the late Rev. Archdeacon C. of Sigglesthorne, near Hull. S. Barrow, esq. of Bedford Place, to Miss Tryphena de Symons, fourth daughter of L. de S. of Mitcham. At Hendon, James Foot, esq. of Islington, to Miss Slade of Guther-edge, Hendon. At Kensington, Captain Forrest, of Bin- Geld, Berks, to Mary, eidest daughter of Co- Jonel James Lowther, M. P. for Westmorelnad. At Mary-la-bonne, Mr. Joseph Connop, of Red Lion-street, to Miss Willis, of Alpha ottage, Paddington. At Newington, Thomas Pearson, esq. of Kennington to Mary. eldeft daughter of Mat- thefy Slater, esq. of Walworth. At Bermondsey, Mr. Joseph Gummer, of the Bank of England, to Mary the eldest daughter of John Wood Oram, esq. of Barn- Staple. DIED At his house in the Old Baily, aged 33, ‘ Mr. Robert Hudson, wholesale tea-dealer. *) At Islington, in the twenty-fourth year of her age, Miss AZary Anne Coleman, only daugh- ter of the late William Coleman, -esq. of Turkey-street, Enfield. No young person was ever more sincerely or more deservedly regretted by relatives and friends Her ill- ness, which was long and painful, she endured with the pious fortitude and resignation of a “true christian. Her premature removal from » the circle of affection and friendship, will be lamented with no common feelings of sorrow and regret. In Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, /il- liam Nepecker, sg. of the Royal Navel Hos- pital, Deal, 44. At Hampstead, Mrs. Paon, of Hart-street, Bloomsbury. - 4 In Hans Place, William Daw, esq. 80. He was called to the bar by the Society of the Inner Temple, and appointed clerk of the King’s silver in 1760. At Chelsea, Captain Robert Parrdy, of the royal navy, 69. At Hammersmith, Frederic Albert, esq. of St. James's Palace. * In Glocester Place, Catharine, second daugh- ter of Lord Forbes, 8. _ InBloomsbury-square, Lady Wallace Dunhp. At Colebrook Terrace, Islington, ‘foln Howorth, esq. one of the commissiyners of hackney coaches, 44... f In Beaumont-street, Devonshire Place, Lady Ann Rich, widow of Admiral Sir Tho- mas R. bart. t In Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, in the 68th year of his age, Benjamin Way, esq. of Denham Place, Bucks, Fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Socicties, President of Guy’s ‘Hospital, Bencher of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, and late Sub-Governor of the South Sea Company. ~ At Richmond, Mes. Dern, widow of James D. esq. and mother of Lady Beauchamp, At Clapham, Thcomas Michell, esq. 283 In Hornsey row, Islington, Francis Cam pion, esq. Mrs. Pepper, relict of John P. esq. and sister of the Rev. Charles Sandiford, vicar of Awre, Glocestershire. At Greenwich, Mrs. Mary Fones, eldest and Jast surviving sister of John J. esq. of Black~ hall, Montgomeryshire. At his house in James street, Westminster, the Rev. ohn Marshall, rector of Orsett, in Essex, and Chaplain to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. In James-street, Westminster, in the 45th year of her-age, the hon. Miss Trefusis, sister to the late, and aunt to the present Lord Clin- ton. Great, however, as were her taste and ge nius, they equalled not her- virtues. —To they poor she was aliberal, and, if her circum- stances be considered, a munificent benefac- tress. The tale of want never reached her ear in vain; and though it may be feared that she. sometimes gave away unwisely, yet the purity of her motives always ennobled her bounty. As acompanion, she was pleasant, cheerful, and instructive ; as a friend, faith- ful and affectionate ; and one of the last acts of her innocent and benevolent life was to prove her tender attachment to her family, by bequeathing the residue of her once ample fortune to a beloved sister, to whom she was deservedly endeared. Fobn Drury, esq. banker, of Birchin-lane. He was driving in his curricle upon Finchley Common, with Mrs. Drury, when the horses took fright, and overturned the carriage, and he was killed upon the spot. Mrs. Drury escaped unhurt. At Brompton, Benjamin Harding, esq. late of St. James’s street, 69. : \ It Park street, the Dowager Lady MZy- delton, 77.. She was daughter and co-heiress of George Cartwright, esq. of Offington, in Nottinghamshire, and has left four children, Lord Mydelton and three daughters: the Countess of Scarborough, the Hon. Mrse Langley, and the Hon. Mrs. Biddulph. At the Rev. H. Aunter’s, Hammersmith, in his 18th year, Mr. William Gay, only son of the late William’Gay, esq. of Bale, Norfolk. As a son and brother, his duty, love, and kindness, few exceeded. His unafiected piety and goodness of heart will long endear his memory to his family aud friends. In Johnestreet, Bedford row, Mrs. Vane derzee, wife of George V. esq. In Russel square, Mrs. Trelawny, wite of Captain T. of the Bedfordshire militia. In Fludyer street, 4. Windus, esq, who, filled the office of cashier, and other depart- ments in the war-oflice, 27 years. ‘At his seat, Forthampton-court, Glocester- shire, the Hon. and Right Rev. James Yorke, L.L D. Lord Bishop of Ely, Governor of Ad- denbrook’s Hospital, and Visitor of Jesus, St. John’s, and Peter's, colleges, Cambridge. His lordship was uncle to the Earl of Hardwicke, _and was in his 78th year.—=He was the young- est a ee a ne ne r'. Troe =e Si ta Me 284 est and only surviving son of the chancellor, who has been named the Great Lord Hard- wicke. He was successively appointed to the deanery of Lincoln, and the bishoprics of St. David’s, Glocester, and Ely, the last of which he has. held twenty-seven years. His lordship was affectionately loyal to his Sovereign, politely atrentive to his equals, and kindly interested for the welfare of his interiors, It is almost unnecessary to mon- tion, among so many instances of his dis interested sense of dury, that the mastership af Jesus college, Cambridge, was offered to the fate Dr. Paley without solicitation; and that during his superintendence, by example and exhortation, to the clergy of the diocese, especially with respect to residence, the isle of. Ely had much improved in morals, in so. . cial order, and in general felicity. His lord- ship has leit a widow, whose affliction will doubtless be mitigated by the recollection of having been a dutiful and affectionate, cam- panion during a long course of years, em- ployed in the exercise of useful virtue and charitable piety ; also numerous relatives and descendants, by whom he’ will ever be re- gretted, and a memory worthy of the digni- fied’ situation in which he was placed He lived to his latest hour with the consolation and the tranquillity of a patriarch. He suc- ceeded to the see of St. David's, in 1774, was translated to Glocester in 1779, andin 1781 to that of Ely, on the death ot Dr. Keene. At Hagley, Worcestershire, William Henry Lard Lyttelton, Baron of Frankley, in the Northumberland and Durham. 6h. | eel ei te i ht ee [Oct. 1, county of Worcester, also Baron Wescote of Belamare, in the county of Longford, Ireland, and an English baronet. Hs lordship was the youngest son of Six Thomas Lyttelton, bart. and was born in January 1725. Soon’ after he carne of age, he wes elected member ~ of parliament for the borough of Bewdley. In 1755 he was appointed governor of South Carolina, and a‘terwards of Jamaica; and in 1766 esvoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary: to the court of Lisbon. On his return to. Inyland he was’ again elected member for Bewdley, and in 1766 created a peer of Ire- land, and sson afterwards constituted one of the commissioners of the Treasury.. In 1794, the English peerage of Lyttelton of: Frankley, extinct by the decease of his ne- phew, tothe gre ter part of whose estates he had succeeved, was revived..in his ‘favour, His lordship married in Juse, 1761, Mary, daughter and co-hciress of James Macartney, } esq. in Ireland. By this lady who died in 1765, he had a daughter, Hester, masried to Sir Richard Colt Hoare, bart. and two sons, George Fulke and Charles Adam, deceased. His lordship married secondly, in 1774, Ca~ roline, daughter of John Bristow, esq. by - whom he has had several children, of whom two only have survived him, viz. Caroline Anne, marrie@ to tne Right Hon. R. P Ca- i rew ; and William Henry, one of the repre- sentatives for the county of Worcester. His lordship is succeeded in his honors and estate by his eldest son, George Fulke, now Lord Lyttelton. : ’ ; * ‘ PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH att rus MARRIAGES anp DEATHS; Arronged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, fron North to South. nee * * Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly au- thenticated, and sent fice of, Postage, are always thanijfully received. Those are more particularly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Improvements off any Kind, or which contain Biogtaphical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent _ or renurkable Characters recently deceased. ——ea NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM mHE Bishop of Durham, with amunificence worthy of his exalted rank and character, has offered to give ¥,0001. towards the erec- con of a new gaol and house of correction, at Durham, and little doubt is entertained Abat this desirable object willbe accomplish- ed. It-is generally believed it will be built on the wasié, close to the river on the east side of th&t city. ; Marvied.|~ At Jarrow, Mr. George Po’ts, of South Shiélds, notary public, to Miss Ann Robson, of the Hope and Anchor inn, of the same place. At Durham, Mr. John Wallace, to Miss Mary Hedley=Mr. Robert Preach, to Mrs. Mary Proud, both of Shincliff.—Mr. Abra- hami Sibson, merchant, of Carlisle, to Miss ‘Yolson, daughter of Captain T. near Mary- port. + : At Sunderland, Mr. Timothy Taylor, to Miss Gardner.—-Mr. Thomas Foster, to Miss Eleanor Dorvell. ? y Died] At Harbetlaw, in Alston Moor, Mrs. Isabella Friend. f At Newcastle, Mr. Jeremiah Hutchinson. —Mrs. Mary Hutchinson.—Mrs, Eleanor Miles, 84.—Mr. James Douthwaite, 49 — Mrs. Sarah Finley, school-mistress, 66.— » Mrs. Jane Porteus, school- mistress, 50.—Mr. Thomas Davison.—Mr. John Thompson, of the house of Thompson and Dickson.—Joseph. $ . ° Humble, & ¥ . _ ral Gantheaume, captured ‘it. 1808.] Humble, esq. of Middleton, near Leeds, Yorkshire. At Durham, Mr. Thomas Johnson, 49 — Mrs. Ana Pickering, 53 —Mrs. Ann Patti- son, wife of Mr. J. P. 88.—Mr. Nicholas Oliver.—Margaret Mitchell, 101,—Mrs. Spearman, wife of Charles S. esq. At Gateshead, Mrs. Roddam, wife of Mr, John R. 80.—-Mrs. Margery Millar, 78.— John Atkinson, esq. At Berwick, Mrs. Hirst, wife of Mr. James H. 32.—-Mr, James Philips, 35.—Mr. Thos. Davidson, 58.—Mr. Andrew Gillespie, a burgess, 80. This naval veteran had his skull fractured, and lost an arm, in the en- gagentfent off Minorca, under the unfortunate admiral Byng, in 1756. At Munga Walls, Berwick, Mr. James Thompson. At Bedlington Furnace, in his 98th year, Serjeant Wm. M‘Anglish. He was born in ‘the English army, and served several cam- pains with it in Germany. Having received an honourable discharge on account of his wounds and long services, he entered into the employment of his late master, Mr. Hawks, where he continued near half a. century, chearfully discharging the duties of a faith- ‘ful, honest, and grateful, servant. ~ At Barnardcastle, Mr. John Vickers, ae At Grindlaw Wallis, Mrs. Jane Duell, At Willington, Mr. Mark Scott, a ey Messrs. Bell pat Brown, 65. At Seaton, near Sunderland, Mr. Bryan Thompson, 73. At Sunderland, Mr. John Davison. —Lieut. John Blackett Watsan, of the royal marines, son of Mr. Ralph Watson, of the Customs, Newcastle, 20. He was second in command of the division of marines left. on the Dia- mond Rock, when the French, under Admi- The priva- tion and fatigue he sustained on that station, laid the foundation of a decline, which ulti- mately carried this promising young man to an early grave, leaving his friends and a ou- qlerous acquaintance to «egret his loss, CUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. Ata late meeting of the inhabicants of the city of Carlisle, at which the Earl of Lons- “dale, and many gentlemen of the first respec- tability, were present, a plan was submitted for conveying the water trom the river Eden _toa reservoir near the citadel, to be thence Carried into the different streets, gc. by means of water-pipes, which met with the approba- tion of his lordship, andthe company present, and in less than half an hour near the sum of 30001. was subscribed. _ That singular natural curiosity, the float- ing island, which has emerged from the bot- tom of Derwentwater, only three times in the course of about thirty years, has recently ap~ peared above the surface. At first it was of adark brown Colgur, but soon became o- " yered with verdure, Jt contains about an Cumberland and Westmoreland. 285 acre of ground, and is quite stationary. By thrusting a pole, in several places, to the depth of thsee yards, the water rushed up 5 consequently it is of that thickness, and un- connected with the bottom, That it is also entirely unconnected with the shore is evi- dent, as boats have sailed entirely around it,, and sounded the water with long poles, with= out finding the bottom. It is intended to apply to parliament for leave to bringin a bill for making a new road between Cockermouth and Wigton. The greatest deviation from the present line will be between the former place and Bothel 5; and a considerable one. between that place and Wigton. By forming this intended line, no less than nine very inconvenient hills will be avoided (the whole road wii be nearly level), and the distance will be shortened at least three miles. This undertaking would have heen proper at any,time ; it is particu- larly so at present, on account of the speedy inclosure of Isell Common ; and it is hoped so favourable an opportunity will not be lost. Besides a great public convenience, it may be made one of the pleasantest roads in the county. A few minutes before two o’clock on Frie day morning, August 26, the shock of am earthquake was felt very sensibly in the town of Whitehaven and neighbourhood, and the. agitation, according to the most minute obe servations respecting it, continued from three to five seconds. Tle weather, as observed, immediately after the motion ceased, was close and sultry, the barometer stood at 29 inches 3 fourths, and there wasno wind. Its direction is supposed to have been from the south.east, accompanied by a rumbling noise in the air; there was not sufficient light te make any other observation immediately after the shock, except that of the atmosphere bes ing very thick and hazy. The consternation it caused/in that town was very great ; a chim- ney in fangier-street was thrown down, three’ people, in different parts of the town, were- thrown off their feet, and one of them con~ siderably hurt, but no farther damage was done. We have accounts of the shock being felt at the following places, viz. Workington, the quay a little damaged, Maryport, Cocker- mouth, Redmain, Keswick, Lorton, very severe, but no damage; Egremont, some chimneys thrown down, and part of the ruins of the castle; Bootle, Broughton, Raven- glass, Ulverston, no damage; Abbeyholm, Wigton, Carlisle, Brampton, no damage Kendal, Lancaster, Garstang, Preston, Hakes, send, no damage ; Penrith, Appleby, Brough; some old walls were thrown down in the neighbourhoud of these places ; in the Isle of Man, and at Dublin, no damage whatever. The-shock was also feltat Newcastle, Kelso, Kireudbright, Dumfries, Leith, and Edin- burgh. Married,| At Whitehaven, Mr. ota Keswick, to Miss Eleanoy Crooks,—-Mr. R ‘Steele, 286 : Steele, master of the Lady Elizabeth Isle of Man packet, to Miss Ann Atkinson. At Kendal, Mr. Daniel Harrisan, to Miss Cartmell. : At Dearham, Mr. Abraham Sibson, mer- chant of Whitehaven, to Miss Tolson, daugh- ter of Captain C. near Maryport. ~ Died] At Cockermouth, Mrs. Susannah Baynes, third daughter of the late Rob. B.¢sq. At Thursby, Mr. Thos. Williamson. At Houndslow, near Kendal, Mr. Edward, Gibson, 86. At Penrith, John Wilkinson, esq. formerly of Murrah. At Whitehaven, Mr. Joshua Jackson.— Mr. Joba Brown.—Mr. Joseph Waugh.—-Mr. Smith, At Workington, Mr. Jonathan Todd, At Maryport, Mrs. Aikin, wife of Mr. William A. ' At Harrington, Mr. William Watson, 90. At Brampton, Mr. Robert Johnson, amem- Ber of the Cumberland Rangers. ; At Dearham Row Hall, Mr. Henry Fearon. At Kendal, Mrs. Petty, 38.—Mr. John Strickland, 25.+—Mr. Wilkinson, 69. At Poulton in the Fylde, Mr, John Dob- son, a very €orpulent man, weighing upwards of 25 stone. ¥ At Edenhall, near Penrith, Mr. John Pow- ley, 64. At Hayton, Mrs. Blackstock, 70. + At Carlisle, Lieut. Fitchet, of the73d re- giment of foot—Mr. Charles Garnett, 73. He served in the 6th regiment of foot 98 years, aud was at the battle of Fontenoy, and several other celebrated engagements. YORKSHIRE. _, Married.] At Sandal, near Wakefield, the Rey, Dr. Zouch, prebendary of Durham, to Miss Brooke, sister of William B, esq. of Wakefield. At Hull, Mr. John Barnett, son.of the rev. Mr. B. of Barton, Lincolnshire, to Miss Ainsworth, At Malton, Mr. Robert Wilkinson, to Miss Rider, youngest daughter of Joseph R. esq.” At Bramham, Grosvenor Pertect, esq. of - Boston, near Thorp-Arch, to Mary, daugh- ter of the late rev. Dr. Richard Assheton, rector of Middleton, and warden of Cliist’s College, Manchester. The Rey. John Fletcher, of Royston, to Miss Ab gail Stocks, of Carlton. At Bridlington, the Rev. Montague Heb- lethwayte, fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, perpetual curate of Flambro’, in this county,and vicar of Sunninghiliyin Berk- shire, to,.Mary Ann, caughiter or the Jate Mr. John Young, merchant, of Scarborough, At Selby, Mr. George Beecroft, of Kirk- stall Forge, to Miss Audus, daughter of —— A. esq. Died.| At York, John Moore, esq. late captain in the 3d regiment of draguon guards. w= Mrs. Sarah Barry, relict of Hensy B. esq Yorkshire—Lancashire. [Oct. 1, of Hull, 76.——Mr. R. Williamson, 53.—Mr. ‘Thomas Clark, 29.—Mr. Thomas Stodhart, —Mrs. Bottomley, 98.—IMr. Brown. At Harrogate, Stephen Todd, esq. of the Wither, near Leeds, and of LeadenKa}l-street, London ; father of the worshipful the com- pany of merchint-tailors, 85.—Mrs. Whyte, wife of James W. esq. of Ireland, and youhg- est daughter of the late Sir Robert Hildyard, of Winestead, bart. At Fencoates, near Catterick, Thomas Wright, scholar of Trinity College, Cam- bridge, where he had honaurably distinguish~ ed hiniself, 2Q. At Leeds, aged 92, Mr. Kemp, partner im the house of Saunderson and Kemp, tinen- - drapers. He dropped down dead in the act of leaving his own house on an intended journey to Manchester. — Mrs. Kitchin. — Robert Bramley, esq. brother of Richard Ramsden B. esq: one of the aldeymen of this borough, At Knaresborough, Christ. Walton, esq. 48. At Thorp, William Anderson, esq. 91. At Cottingham, Mr. Wm. Hardy, many’ years master of the charity school there. At Selby, where he had-sustained the of fice of schoolmaster with great respectability, for more than 60 years, Mr, William Inch- bald. He was found drowned in the river. Ouse, from the bank of which he is supposed unfortunately to have slipped, whilst taking his usual morning walk. At Whitby, Boynton Richardson, esq. third son of Christopher R. esq. one of the justices of the peace forthe North riding, 26. At Halifax, Mr. Wm. Bolland. At Malton, Mr. W. Hastings, Earl Fita~ williaw’s agent for his estates there, and manager of the Derwent navigation.—The Rev. John Ware, of Stockton, captain com- mandant of the Stockton forest rifle corps. At Leventhorp hall, near Leeds, Richard Green, esq.a justice of the peace forthe West Riding. f Ar Doncaster, Thomas Judson, esq. 65.—¢ Mr. Moses Motterham, 63. At Marske, near Richmond, the Rey. J. Fisher, rector of that place. At Hull, Mrs. Eleanor Orton, wife of Mr. John Q. landing-waiter, 49.—Mr. George Weatherell, 63.—Mrs. Dunnin, 53. LANCASHIRE, a Married.| At Rochdale, John Daniel Nib- lett, esq. to Miss Drake, daughter of the Rev. Thos. Drake, D.D. vicar of that place. At Liverpool, Thomas Fenton, esq. of Stoke Lodge, near Newcastle-under-Lyne, to Miss Aun Spode, sister to Josiah S. esq. of the Mount, near Stoke-upon-Srent, Stafford. shire.—-Lieut. Beales, of the royal marines, to Mjss Sarah Wood-—Captain Anderson, of the ship Nile, to Miss Mary Lawson.—Mr, Samuel Healey, merchant, to. Miss Eliza Roberts. i e At Blackburn, Mr. Joseph Hanby, printer of the Blackburn Mail, to Miss Margaret Anderson. At 1808.] At Manchester, Thomas Darwell, esq. to Miss Kearsley. —Mr. William Bullock, prin- ter, to Miss Jane Heaton, of Wigan.—]. Railton, esq. to Miss Wittington, only daugh- ter of S. W. esq. of Parkfield. At Hendley, Mr. Henry Platt, of Wigan, to Miss Naylor, only daughter of Mr. N. of Upholland. : Died.] At Blackburn, Mrs. Ann Pickup, iii. At Ardwick, Mr. Stephen Dlair, of Wig- ton, Cumberland.—Sarah, youngest daughter sf the late Mr. Ralph Yates, of London. At Preston, F. Chadwick, esq. At Droylsden, Mr. James Taylor, 86. At Ormskirk, Miss Ann Hughes. At Exton, near Leyland, Hugh Shatrock, 97. He was known as a reaper in the fields eighty-three returning harvests. At Redbank, near Chorley, Margaret, re- Nict of Mr. Christopher Tomlinson, 87. At Dobcross, in Saddleworth, Mrs. Smith, relict of Mr. John S. At Bottoms. in Alt, near Ashton-under- Lyne, Mrs. Sarah Lees. 3 At Choriton Row, near Manchester, Mr. Thomas B. Dixon, only son of Mr. Francis D. At Blackpool, Jemima Wilkinson, aged 106 years. She retained her senses, and was able to walk without assistance, within afew hours of her death. ‘She has been, in a great measure, supported for many years during the summer bythe munificence of the visitors in _ the bathing season. At Clifton, in his 76th year, Matthew Fletcher, esq. one of his majesty’s justices of the peace forthis county. He was an inde- fatigable, upright magistrate, and a gentle- man universally esteemed for his philaa- thropy, benevolence, and every quality that can adorn human nature. Aged 70, the Rev. John Darbey, M. A. above forty-four years second master of the free grammar school, in Manchester, and cu- rate of the perpetual curacy of Gorton. He received his education at Corpus Christi Col- lege, Oxford ; was admitted to the degree of master of arts, June 26, 1762; and on the late Mr, Lawson’s appointment to the. place of high master of Manchester school, in April 1764, Mr. Darbey was chosen his successor by Dr. Randolph, president of Corpus Christi College. On account of his precarious state _of health and advanced age, he declined the office of head master, which was due to him for his long and eminent services, as well as by the statutes of the said school. At Manchester, Mr. Thomas Banks, prin- _ ter=—Mr. Thiomas Loftus.—-Mr. James Re- berts. - At Liverpool, Mr. Robert Beard, 56.— Mrs. Grayson, wife of Mr. Edward Phillips G.—Mr. R. Rolinson, 61.—Mrs. Marriner, wife of Mr. Edward M. 60—Mrs. Hall, 76. —Mr. William Kilshaw.—Miss Margaret Rosson, fourth daughter of Mr. R. 19. The ‘practice of the moral virtues and the cultiva- Cheshire-—Derbyshire—Nottinghamshire. 287 tion of her mind were her sole employment; and the delicacy of a weak constitution could not overcome her enthusiastic ardour for sci- ence. Her natural and acquired abilities, which have so often delighted her friends, were only surpassed by her unassuming modes- ty and amiable disposition, —-Mr. Jonathan Mercer, 77.—Mr. Wilcox, 62.—Miss Anna Perry, 26. ¥ At Stayley Bridge, Miss Ann Beckley, 44. At Wavertree, Miss M. Leversedge. At Walkington, Mr. Alex. Chorley. ~ At Fazakerly, Richard Higginson,esq. * CHESHIRE. Married.} At Middlewich, Mr. W Jomp, late of Liverpool, to Miss Fairclough, daughter of the late Capt. F. At Stockport, Mr. John Moss, of Liver- pool, * 0 Miss Mary Priestaall. Mr, Jackson, of Minshall-hill, to Miss Da- vies, of Eardswick Hall. Died.| At Hooton Park, John Stanley Massey Stanley, esq. second surviving son of. the late Sir Thomas S. Bart, 24. At Chester, Mrs. Jones, 78. At Tarvin, near Chester, Mrs, Ann John- son, 79. DERE YSHIRE. Married.] At Bakewell, Henry Sykes, esq. of Melton, near Hull, to Miss Thomp- son, daughter of the late Benjamin Blades T, of Eastdale, near Welton. At Chesterfield, Mr. Benjamin Barber, of Buxton, te Miss Mary Lomas, of Sheffield. At Staveley, Mr. Hollingworth, ya Miss Priscilla Froggatt. : At Cheadle, Mr. Gearge Hubbard, atter- ney, to Miss Fryer. Died.] At Croxall, the Rey. J. B. Pear- son, prebendary in the cathedral at Litchfield, and Vicar of Croxall. “At Derby, Mrs. Saxelbye.—Mr. Williara Litton, 72.—Miss Severne. a At Chapel en Ie Frith, Mr. Thomas Bag- shaw, 47. At Bakewell, Mr. Robert Shaw. At Compton, Miss Jane Getliffe, 2%. At Chesterfield, Mr. James Fletcher, 74. At Wirksworth, Mr. John Snibson.— Mr. Brace, Surgeon. At Ashbornes, Mrs. Dawson, wife of Mr. Philip D. - NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Married} At Mansfield, Mr. Kent, at- torney, to Miss Mackley, of the Black Boy inn. Died} At Cropwell Butler, near Bing- ham, Miss Marriott. At Nottingham, Mr. John Blackha'l.— Mrs. Timms.—Mr. Blatherwick.—Mr. Wal- ker, 36.—Miss-C. Hollis. —Mr. Isaac Hun- tington. He was drowned in a fishing excur- sion on the lrent.—Mrs. Porter, wife of Mr. Thomas P. of the Shoulder of Mutton, At Hardwicke, Mr. Hall, of Nottingham. At Newark, Mr, Jeremiah Moore, 76. Ag 288 At Chilwell, Thomas Charlton, esq. late lieutenant-colonel of the Nottinghamshire militia, major in Lord Middleton’s corps of Woollaton volunteers, and one of the jus- tices of the peace for this county, 31. At Bingham, Mrs. Strong, 41. At Mansfield, Mr. John Lockwood.—Mrs. Lancashire. At Trowell, Mr. John Greasley, a lieute- nant in Lord Middleton’s corps of volunteer Infantry. At Sutton in Ashfield, Mr. George Else. At Tuxford, Mrs. Wdward Byrond, a ser- jeant in the Sherwood Rangers. ~ At Farnsfield, Miss Ann Hather. LINCOLNSHIRE. Married.} At Lincoln, Mr. Williamson, master of tlie Blue-coat school, to Miss Brown. . At Cockerington, near Sainthy Amos Jack- son, aged 84, to Eliz. Whiter, 28. At Ecclesfield, T. Stenton, esq. of Hoy- Jand, to Miss Meilor. Capt. Maburn, of Boston, to Miss Neeve, daughter of James N. esq. of North Somer- eotes, near Louth, At Billingboro’, Mr Mason, surgeon, to Miss Buckberry, ‘only child of Thomas B. gent. Died.] At Barton, Joseph Marris, esq. late of Bawtry,.59. At Wainfeet, Mrs. Ashton, of Louth, 67: At Spilshy, Mr. Wm. Singleton, surgeon, son of Mr. Franci§ S. of Louth, 25.—Mrs. Ayscough, 74. ~ At Hackthorne, Mr. Glover, 58. At Lincoln, Mr. Charles Metham, 89.— Mrs. Ann Horner. At Caistor, Mr. F. Smith, 90. At Whapload, near Spalding, Mrs. Robin- son, 76. At°Falkingham, Mrs. Matkins, 40, and about a week afterwards ber husband, Mr. M. 45. : At Caythorpe, Mr. Wm. Carrier, 62. At Friéston, near Boston, Mr. Anthony Swift. : LEICESTERSHIRE. Married.] At Willoughoy Waterleis, —— Hewish, esq. to Mary-Ann, eldest daugh- ter of Captain Gumble. At Shawell, John Floyd, esq. of Swinford, to Miss Compton. At Bitterswell, Mr. James Hanfcey, of Leicester, to Ann, eldest daughter of Mr. T. Nixon. John Lucas, esq. of Walton, to Miss M. Mellor, of Frith House, At Worthington, Mr. B. sabes of Lon- don, to Miss Henshaw. Died.| At the. George inn, Bosworth, ‘Mr. George Ward, printer and stationer, of Hinckley, 33. For his known integrity and information, be was consulted and employed \ Lincoln—Leicester—Staford—Warwick. [Oct. ts “i | : . At Bollam Hall, near East Retford, Miss. Outybridge. in various ways by thé inhabitants of ‘that town and neighbourhood, and for several yeats acted as clerk to the magistrates of Hinckley. At Leicester, Mr. Reynolds, of the White Lion.—Mr. Mason, an alderman of this town, 75 At Melton Mowbray, Mr. Joseph Oldham, of the Earl of Harborough’s arms, 75. At Hinckley, —— Brown, esq. 70, long looked up to asa public man in his neigh- boursood, By his will ke has bequeathed 5001. to the General infirmary at Leices- ter. At Beaumanor Park, Mrs. Ne: coi wife of Mr. John P, 77. - At Rnderbys, Mrs. Bilson, 60. —Mr. George Noone, a member of the Leicestershire yeo~ manry cavalry, At Measham, near Ashby de la Zouch, Mrs. Sarah Denmer, aged 91, leaving twelve children, eighty-six grand children, and ninety-three great grand-children, all living at or near Measham. STAFFORDSHIRE. It has been resolved by the Proprietors of the Potteries in this county, to erect, at Burs= lem, a Monument or Statue to the memory of the late Josiah Wedgwood, esq. by volun- tary subscription. The Etruria workmen have collected TOL as a just tribute of their respect to that great and worthy character. Married. ] “At Walsall, “Mr. Martin Rudge, of Wolverhampton, to Miss Ursula Swift, of the Hemlocks, near Cannock. At Madeley, Mr. W. Cranage, to Miss Eliz. Brown, of Coalbrook-dale. At Tipton, Mr. S. W. Dankes, to Miss Hannah Smith, third daughter of Thomas S. esg. of Tibbington House. Died.] At’ Wolverhampton, Mrs. Bed- ford. At Newcastle-under-Lyme, Mrs. Caird, relict of Mr. James C. At Stoke upon Trent, Mrs. Hannab Steel, 79; and five days afterwards, at the same place, her husband, Mr. William S. being un- able to survive her loss: WARWICKSHIRE. Married.|) At Nuneaton, Mr. Joseph Pemberton, to Miss Sarah Wilkins, of Kine- ton. : At Birmingham, John Wheeley, esq. of Worcester, to Mrs. Willis, relict of C. W. W. esq. barrister. . Died.] At Birmingham, Mr. Thomas Edwards, 27.—Mr. Wm. Coton —Miss J. Ja’ Forest, daughter of Mr. F. of Warstone brew= ery.——Mr. “John Reden.—-Mrs. Taft, 30.— Mrs, Ann ‘laylor, 98.—Mr. Richard Phil- lips.—Mr. John Hodges.—Mr. Wm, Bul- lock, 42.—M*. Joseph Smith.—Mr. John Doughty, 79.—Mr. Edward Porter.—Mrs. Aun Good, wife of Mr. James as deh Heathcote, 25. At Edgbaston, Mrs. Taylor, 92. ‘ 7 At’ —_ 3808.) At Packwood, Mr. J. Woolaston, late of Boarsley Park, Worcestershire. At Moseley Wake Green, Mrs. Elizabeth Dyott, wife of Mr. Joseph D, 49. ~ At Haseley House, Mr. William Bellamy, 46. At Warwick, Mr. C. Handy, 69.—Mrs. Bryan, 72.—Mr. Robert Ryley, 69. At Hampton on the Hill, Mr. Wm. Rus- sell, 74. \ At Coventry, Mrs Paybody. SHROPSHIRE. Application is intended to be made to Par- liament in the next Session, for Acts for in- closing the Commons and Waste Lands inthe tewaships-of Cotton and Whixall, in the ma- nor of Redcastle, and in the township and manor of Leaton. | Married.| | At Whitchurch, Mr. Benja- min Kempster, to Miss Mary Williams. At Ellesmere, Mr, Wm. Briscoe, to Miss Rodes. At Fitz, P. Grant, esq. to Flizabeth, eld- est daughter of the late Bold Oliver, esq. of Shrewsbury. Died.] At Shrewsbury, Mrs. Wood, re- lict of Mr. Thomas W. printer of the Shrews- bury Chronicle, 63.—Mr. Robert Winstan- ley, a member of Captain Sutton’s Company of Shropshire Volunteers, from its first estab- lishment, in 1803.—Mrs. Ann Williams.— Mrs, Morris —Mrs. Hincks.—Mr. Josiah Henshall, late of Congleton.—Mr. Poule.— Mrs. Shaw —Mr. Thomas Lloyd. At Harnage Grange, Mr. A. Oliver. At Stoke Park, Mrs. Clark, 90, At the Hermitage, near Hawkstone, Mr. Chidley. ¥ Y Ac Whitchurch, Mr. Wm. Parker, sta- tioner, 56, Fy ae At Harlescot, Mr. Wm. Hewlett. At Wellington, Mrs. Plimer. At Oswestry, Mr. Tomley. © 3 At Bromlow, near’ Worthen, Mrs. Lee, ; WORCESTERSHIRE, Married.|~ At Kidderminster, Mr. Sprige, to Miss Charlotte Newcomb) daughter of the late Mr. Alderman N —Mr. B, Hanbury, of London, to Miss Lea. At Worcester, Mr. Thomas Wainwright, to Miss Chainberlain. Mr. R. Knight, mer- chint, of Londun, to Miss Palmer.—John Gandolfi, esq. of London, to Miss Horayold, daughter of ‘'homas H. esq. of Blackmore Park. . Died.| At Shrawley, Mrs. Wharton, wife of the Rev. Samuel W. v At Bourn Heath, Bromsgrove, Mr. Wm. Carpenter. ; i At Brandwood House, King’s Norton. Sophia, sixth daughter of Thomas Gem, gent. . At Worcester, Samuel Glover, esq. of Aberearne Hall, Monmouthshire, lord of the extensive manor of Abercarne. He was on his jouritey from London, and in perfect MontTuty Mag, No, 176. Shropshire——Worcester—Tereford--Glocester. 289 health and spirits the previous evening, when he retired to his chamber 5 bur he was found a corpse in the morning.—Mr. Joseph Shep- pard, of London. —Mr. Thomas Price.—-Mr. R, Child. —Mr. Meers.—Mrs. Pope. At Wolverley, Mr. Joseph Wheeler. At Charlton, Mr. Thomas Bushell, 44. At Droitwich, Mrs. Edwards, wife of John E. esq. one of the royal artillery, and daugh- ter of the late Mr. Robert Penrice. At Pershore, Mr. Woodward, 80. iy HEREFORDSHIRE, Married.} At Weston, near Ross, Mr. Barlow, of ‘the Crown and Thistle, Mon- mouth, to Miss Jaue Kitson, of the Lea, Gloucestershire. : Died.] At Weobley, Mr. Jones, surgeon and apothecary. At shobdon, Mr. Joseph Grubb. At Wereford, Mr. James, of Walsall, Staf- fordshire.—Mr. John ,Cobun, of the ‘Sun tavern. At the Moor, near Hereford, Mr. Edward Morris, who for upwards of 60 years had been a confidential servant in the family of C. Cook, esq. 87. GLOCESTERSHIRE. Applications are intended to be made to parliament in the next session, for acts for the following purposes ;-~for making a turns pike road from the first small bridge which crosses the present turnpike road from Chele tenham to Glocester, on the Glocester side of Staverton bridge, to Cheltenham ; and for making a railway from Glocester to the lat- ter town, with a collateral branch from Al- stone to Leckhampton Hill. Married.| At Cheltenham, Capt. Blake, 15th Foot, and of Belmont, in the county of Galway, Ireland, to Mrs. William Erskine, widow of Major-General Erskine, of Card Ross, Perthshire, and only daughter of the late Lieutenant-General Sir William Myers, bart. " At Stratton, the Rev. John Croome, son of Robert C. esq. of Cirencester, to Miss Ann Daubeny, second daughter of the Rev. James D. of Stratton. @ At Stroud, Mr Wyatt, to Miss Radcliffe, both of Pagan Hill. At Berkeley, ®%r William Pearce, to Miss E. Dimmery, daughter of Mr. Jov. D. of Wanswell, near Berkeley. At Minchinhamptan, Mr. W. Stafford, to Miss Niblett, only daughter of R. P. Niblett, esq. late of Burley, House. J. H. Holder, esq. of Cern y House, to Miss Elizabeth Hewitt, youngest daughter of the: late Hon. W. W. Hewitt, and niece to Viscount Lifford. ‘ Arc Cirencester, Mr. Maddox. of Glocester, to Miss Elliott, second daughter of Mr. E. of Huntley. . Died] At the Lodge, Tewkesbury Parlz, in the 64th year of his age, J»hn Wall, esqe Liewtenant-Colonel of the South Gloucester= Pp siiire / 290° shire militia, and Justice of the Peace for the counties of Gloucester and Worcester. At Cheltenham, in his 24th year, Capt. G. Burrington Whinyates, of the Royal Na~ _ vy; son of the late T, Whinyates, esq. of the East India Company’s service, and nephew of Sir T. Frankland, bart. of Thirkleby Park, Yorkshire.—Mrs. Taylor, wife of Lieutenant- Colonel T. of the half pay of the 4th regi- ment of foot, and of Castle Taylor, Galway ; Ireland,.—Lieutenant-General Bowyer, fate commander of the forces in the West Indies, 65.—Isaac Blackburn, esq. of Great Coram- street, London. At Kingstanley, Hopton Merrick, esq. ‘At Berkeley Heath, Mrs, Waight, wife of Mr. W. of the Bell inn. At Dursley, Mrs. Brown, of the Star inn. At Sodbury, the Rev. Thomas Ferebee, aged 76 years—52 of which he spent in the discharge of lis duty, as minister of the bap- tist congregation inthat town 3 and to whose sterling piety and unblemished reputation all who knew him bear ample testimony At Gloucester, Miss Bullock, daughter of the late Mr. William B. of Blaisdon.—Mrs. Elizabeth Mee, 80. At Barnwood, the infant son of Samuel Whitcombe, esq. of Blackheath. At Stonehouse, Edward Sheppard, esq. At Tortworth, Francis Reynolds Moreton, Baron Ducie, Provost Marshal of Barbadoes. He was first married to Miss Purvis, daugh- ter of Thomas Purvis, esq. of Shepton Mal- let, Somersetshire, by whom he has left two sons, Thomas, who succeeds him ; and Fran- cis, a colonel in the army. His elordship married, secondly, Mrs. Child, mother of the late Countess of Westmorland, who survived her marriage but two years. The present Lord_is matried to Lady Frances Becsect, only daughter of the Earl of Carnarvon. OXFORDSHIRE. Married.} At Oxford, Mr. Richard Stevens; of Steventon, Berks, to Miss Avis Pinfold. —Mr. Anthony Robins, jun. butler of Mer- ton college; to Miss Elizabeth Cunningham. —Mr. Henry Dewdney, of London, to Miss Ann Dewdney, of Woodstoele: Died] At Woodperry, near Oxford, Mr. William Lay, cook of Brazenose coilege. He was apparently well in the morning, and, after making a hearty brealcfast, took a walk inan adjoining field, where he was soon after found quite dead. He bore an universal good character, and had been cook of that college near fifty years. At Oxford, Samuel Willson Bishop, esq. 64.—Mr. Charles Cook, mayor's serjeant and surveyor to the commissioners of the lighting and paving act.—Mrs. Hitchcock. At Bicester, Mrs. Nurdin, wife of Mr. Joba N. F { © At Wolvercot, Mrs. Faichen, relict of Mr. F. of Ensham Paper Mills. At Watlington, Mrs. Stringer, 87. ra Oxford—Buckingham—Hertford—Bedford, Ke. [Oct. 1, > stead. Ww Joseph W. At Winson, near Bibury, Mr. Richard Howse, 39. a ~ At Ensham, Mr. Thomas Winter, 49. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Died.] At Stony Stratford, in his 96th year, James Richardson, (uswally called Old Femmy) a huntsman, and many years landlord of the Fighting Cocks public-house, It is supposed that he had not been sober a whole day during the last 40 years of his life. HERTFORDSHIRE. A curious piece of antiquity has lately been discovered in the church-yard of HemelHemp- In digging a vault, the sexton, when he had excavated the earth about four-feet below the surface of the ground, found his spade strike against something solid, which, upon inspection, proved tobe a large wrought aay e lid of a coffin, and under it was found the coflin entire, which was afterwards taken up in perfect condition ; but the bones contained therein, on being exposed to the air, crumbled to dust. On the lid of the coffin is an inscription, partly effaced by time but still sufficiently legible,decidedly to prove that it contained the ashes of the celebrated Offa, king of the Mercians, who rebuilt the Abbey of St. Alban’s, and died in the eighth century. The coffin is about 6% feet long, and contains a niche or resting place for the head, and also a.groove on each side for the arms, likewise for the legs3 it is curiously carved, and altogether umigue of the kind. Married.) At Ridge, Henry Edgeworth Bicknell, esq. of London, to Mary, eldest daughter of Charles Arnold, esq. of Shenley Hill. “ BEDFORDSHIRE. Ditd.] At Bedford, Thomas Bennion, esq. surgeon to the forces. At Bushmead Prioryy Miss Wade, sister of the Rev, Hugh Wade Geryt « NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Died.] At Twywell, Mrs, Allington, wife of the Rev. William A. , At Moulton, Mrs. Taylor, wife of Mr~ William T. At Duddington, Mr. Duniet Soden, 25. At Rushton, Mr. Phillips. * At West Haddon, Charles Heygate, esq. . At Watford, Mr. Joseph Butlin, inaster of the free-school, and of the Star and Garter inn, , q f At Islam, Mr. William Smith, 74. At Brixworth, Mrs. Weston, wife of Mr. oe At Kettering, Mrs. Elizabeth Collis, 81. At Peterborough, Mr. James Blater. At Haringworth, Mr. Wade. At Northampton, Mrs. Wright, 90. HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Mayried.] Robert Gatty, esq. of London, to Miss Waller, of Buckden. 4 ; Died.| At Stibbington, Mrs, Layng, wife of the Rey. Mr./L. vicar of St. Lawrence, and daughter of Mr. Bulmer, ef York, ‘ At yy" ‘r 1808.] At Upwood, Mr. William West, 73. At Little Paxton, Mr. Richard Britten, 79. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. ° Died.] At Dullingham House, Mrs. Crop, relict of R. C. esq. of Westoe Lodge, 80. At Croxton, Joseph Leeds, esq. 79. At Stetchworth, the Rey. Mr. Symonds, vicar of that parish, and of Swaffham Bul- beck, also in this county. At Great Shelford, Mr. John Grain, second sonof Mr. Peter G, At Comberton, Mr, Baker, 84, . At Cambridge, Mrs. MaryJennings, daugh- ter of Mr. J, formerly an apothecary of this lace, 58. At Wisbech, Mr. John Wright, of the Bell jnu.—Mr. Thomas Lewis, of the Unicorn. At March, Isle of Ely, Mrs. Everitt, wife of Mr, Richard E. druggist, 24. At Wimpole, Mr. Gray, gardener to Earl Hardwicke. . P : NORFOLK, + An application is intended to.be madeito Parliament inthe next session, for an act for erecting a bridge over the river Wensum, at or near Carrow Abbey, and tor making roads for cognecting’ the same with the Trowee and Thorpe turnpike roads. sp Ata late meeting af the County Magis- trates, it was agreed, that the passage way from the top of the Castle-hili, Norwich, on the North East side, should be filled’up, and the iron railing continued from the bridge quite round.——{he descent from that part of the hill towards Gurney’s Bank, will be by a flight of stone steps, so that only pedestrians can cross the hill. At the anniversary of the Norfolk Agri- cultural Society, held July the 15th, at the Crown Inn, Swaffham, the estock shewn was not numerous, but excellent of its kind, The Premiums adjudged were, , for the Lei- cester ram and ewes, to Mr. J. Reeve, of Wighton, For the best Southdown ram to Mr. E. Beck, of Lexham and the second best to Mr. Moseley, For the best South- down ewesto Mr. W. M. Hill; for the se- cond best to Mr. J. Reeve, of Wighton. And for the bull, (one only being shewn)” to Mr. J. Reeve, of Wighton. ‘This breed is anew kind, partaking of the best qualities of the Suffolk, the Devon, and the old Nor- folk. It has no horns, is of a ‘true Devon or Norfolk red, and will get stock that will fatto about 50 or 60 Stone, with as little coarse meat as can be expected. The premi- um for improving meadows and pastures was voted to Mr. Salter, upon a certificate being produced, that the improvement made in the herbage of 20 acres, upon which pulse and corn were dibbled last year, without plough- ing, was so great, that the judges think the mode thus successfully practised by Mr. iter should be strongly recommended to rfolk farmers. The society then agreed to the Preniuay? recommended by the com- mittee at their last meeting, to be propused Cambridge—Norfolk. 29% ” for the next year, which were ordered to be advertised. It was also recommended by the President, that premiums shall be proposed to cottagers who shall keep bees, and produce the most honey. It was then recommended to the Society te adopt such means as might be in their power to bring forward a naviga= tion into the interior part of the county, from Wells to East Dereham. Married.) At Yarmouth, Edward Sy- monds Qmmaney to Henrietta Maria, se- cond daughter of Sir Edmund Lacon. At Norwich, John Stainforth Patteson, esq. to Miss Anne Elizabeth Tasker, young- est daughter of the late William T. esq:-— Mr. E. Dowson of Welbeck-street, London, to Miss Hannah Hey. Died] At Yarmouth, Miss Elizabeth Brown, youngest daughter of Mr, B, of Acle—The Rev. William Leigh, Dean of Hereford and Rector of Plumstead, with Wilton and Brundale annexed. At Kenninghall, Mr. Joha Govoch, of the White Horse, 55. At Martham, near Yarmouth, Mrs, Mar- ston. At Foulsham, Mrs. Sarah Cornwell. At Shouldham, Mr. William Butter, 55. At Gimingham, Mr. William Bayfield, 50. . At Framingham Pigot, Mr. William Brooke, 67. ; At Great Ellingham, Mrs. Elizabeth Tur- ner. . At Middleton, near Lynn, Mr. Bradfield Faller, 35. ‘ At Long Strattoa, Mrs. Howes. At Downham Market, Mrs. Balding. At Ludham, Mr. John Hammond Crowe, schoolmaster, 31. At Thetford, Mr. G. W. Marshall, clerk of the three parishes in thattown. | Having occasion (in his situation of Serjeant-Major of the Thetford Volunteers) to assort some damaged cartridges, a spark froma hearth busi which had just been used in sweeping up the embers of a wood fire, and was pros _ cured by his son for the purpose of gathering up some scattered powder, accidentally commus ~ nicated with’a barrel of gunpowder standing near, which exploded, and blew up him and his youngest son a considerable distance. he workshop, in which they were, instant- ly took fire, and from its communication with the house and adjoining buildings, at first occasioned considerable alarm, but the flames were soon subdued, from the ready assistance afforded by all classes of the inha- bitants. Mr. M. and his boy languished un- til the followihg evening. It is not unwor- thy of record, that this man had, for a con- siderable period, filled nearly 30 situations.in the Borough of Thetford, and his loss is much deplored there —The father was 40, and the son J1 years of age. A subscription for his widow and six surviving children has been set on foot by Major Gill and the other offi- cers eo ‘cers of the Volunteers, which has already received a considerable addition from the in- habitants inegeneral. At Norwich, Mrs. Jane Archbold, relict of Thomas A. esq. formerly in the Poriu- guese service.—Mrs. Gill, %4.—Maithew Brograve, esq.—Mrs. Mary Wood, 54. At Hoveten, Mrs. Hester Negus; relict of Henry N. esq. At Horstead, Robert Baret, jun. esq. 33. At Sedgeford, the Rev. Thomas Weyther- head, vicar of that parish, and of Rougham ‘and Easton. At Rockwold Wilton, Mrs. Bilingsley, wife of Mdward B. esq. At Little Walsingham, Mrs. Scott, wife of Mr. Thomas S. of thé King’s Head Inn. SUFFOLK. » The fine Saxon tower of St. James’s church, Bury, has for many years been consider- ed iii a dangerous State, fom the numerous breaches in the walls, which are thought to Nave been greatly increased by the ringing of the recently erected peal of ten bells within the same steeple; and in consequence thie at- tention of the inhabitants hastveen cailed to it, in order to consider of the propricty of repairing it, and taking down'the bells, but no decision has yet taken place, furtherthan an agreement to have it professionally sur- veyed. As the danger seems 'to have been in a great measure occasioned by the latter €ause, it wou'd perhaps be most adviseable to Rave the whole or part ot the new bells trans- Jated into St. Mary’s steeple, and thesurplus ones sold to defray the expences of the ex- change and repairs; ior°as there is but one set of ringers in the town, itis surely need- less to have two peals of bells. But shouid it be ceemed adviceable for the puoiie safety to téke part or the whole of the steeple down (as was recently the case at Yartouth) it will be well worthy of consideration, never- theless, to preserve entire.the beautiful ar- ‘ched entrance into the church-yard, which is deemed one of the Nnest’ specimens OF an- tient archilecture in existence ; and as the steeple does not iminediately attach to the» church, it might very well be dispensed with. Married] At St. Ipswich, A. H. Stew- art, ¢sq. to Miss Bleaden, daughter of John B. esq. of Stoke Hall. At Bury, Mr. Thomas Wheldon, solici- tor of Barnard Castle, Durham, to Miss Ma- ry Hanby, third daughter of the late Joseph H. esq. of Eastwood Hall, Greta Bridges, Yorkshire. Lieutenant Bromley, of the Royal Navy, to Miss Westrup of Hazlewood. Died.} At’ bury, in his 44th year, Dr. William Hamilton, physician of that town, author of *¢ Observations on the Preparation and Utility of the Digicalis Purpurea, or Foxglove ;” andsome other médical works, At Boxiord, Mis Elizabeth Ann Ayres, 31. Suffolk —Essexr—Kent. [0a. Ts At Stoke, next Clare, Mrs Fitch, a4. At Gazely, Mrs. Carsey, 27. At Ravening! aam, Mr. William Belsaiih, 67. At Wickham Market, Mrs. Cole, relict of the Rev Denny C. of Pottistree. At his seat at Rendlecsham House, Peter Isaac Vhelusson, Baron Rendlesham, 46. He was taking the diversion of shooting, when he f&i1 from his horse, and instantly expired. His lordship enjoyed his title but two years anda half. He married Miss Cornwall, of Hendon, Middlesex, who survives him, and is succeeded in his titles and estates by his eldest son John, who has just attained his 230 year At Tattingstone Place, Thomas White, esq. 87. “He served the office of high sheriff for the ie pean in 1749, and was again ng- minated in 1794. i Dull: Married.| Av) Romford, Mr. Thomas -Cambers, to Mrs. Palmer.) At Althorne, Mr Charles Milbank, of Feeribg, to Mrs. Revett, only d ughter of the late John R. esq. of the - appt heed Althorne, “ The Rev. Henry J Randolph, of Fianllcs. bury, Gloucestershire, eldest daughter 1 the late Beckford C. esq. of Chorch Kall,,Broxted/ Jonathan Crosier, esq. of Breleigh Grange, Maidon, to Miss Warner, of Hornchuich. Died.| At Cheimstord, J. Judd, esq. He di- rected by his will, ‘and mage it a particular request to his friends, that upon his decease, his body should be immeuictely dressed in the clothes he usually wore, and ia that state deposited in his coffin. This desire has been strictly complied with, and the remsins of Mr. J. instead of a shréud, ate covered with his best suit of clothes, a ‘blue coat, boots, ‘and a hat, form part of the funeral apparel, —Mrs. Abrey.-—Mrs. Lakin. At Hatfield ty Oak, Mr. Chemist. At Malden, Mrs. Sadd, 70. At Dunton, Mr. Boweis. At Colchester, Mr. Stuttle, 68.—Mrs, “Seabar; relict of William S. esq. 79. At Prictlewell, Mr. Aaron Hurrell, 24. At Sible Hedingham, » Miss A. P. Bur- leigh, 16. At Little Hallingbury, Mr. Robert Ellis- ton. At Harlow, Mr. William Joscelyn, only son of Mr. Thomas J. 22. At Writtle, Mr. John Turnidge ; and at Pleshy, nearly at the same hour, his brother Mr. Robert IT. At Ingatestone, Mrs. Steed, relict of Dr. S. KENT. 3 Married.| At Lewisham, Thomas Down- ward, jun. esq. of Liverpool to Sarah, eldest daughter of John Shuter, esq. of Soutnwark. —Thomas Cox, esq. of Bermondsey, “to Miss Batley, eldest daughter of Wweham B. esq. of Blackheath. At to Frances Cater, . Ci : 1803.] At Rolvendon, the Rey. John R. Coombe, _wicar of Tenterden, to Miss Morris, of the former place. 4 At Bromley, Captain Robert Welbank, of the East India Company’s service, to Sarah, third daughter. of Major Rhode, esq. of Oak- ley Farm. At Canterbury, Anthony Whiting, esq. of Boxley, to Miss Ann Prentis, youngest daughter of the late George P. esq. of Maid- stone. At Ramsgate, Lieutenant Knight, of the Royal Navy, to Miss Kingsford. At Gravesend, Lieutenant Mackey, of the Royal Marines, to Miss Pattison, daugh- ter of the late P.esq. attorney. At Erstry, Mr. Thomas Pettman, formerly steward tothe late Archbishop of Canterbury, and much employed in the county, in the Valuation of estates At her brother’s house, at Cranbrook, in the 68th year of her,age, Mrs. Paine, wite of the notorious Thomas Paine,author of * Che Rights of Man,” to whom she was married at Lewes, in Sussex, in the yeam 1761. She had lived only three years with this as- serter of rights, when a separation took piace, occasioned by his brutal benaviour to her, since which she has lived with her friends. She was the daughter of Mr. Olive, a res- pectable tradesman in Lewes} she lived much respected, and died sincerely lamented. At the Vicarage-house, Petham, in his 68th year, the Kev. Thomas Randolph, M.A. He was brother to the present Bishop of Bangor, and eldest son of the late Rev. Thomas Randolph, D.D. Archdeacon of ‘Oxford, and Lady Margaret’s Professor of Divinity, and President of C.C; College, in that University. He was educated at West- minster Schowl, and was formerly Student of Christ Church. He had been many years Rector of the united parishes ot Saltwood and Hythe, and also Vicar of Petham and Waltham, Kent. He was also in the com- mission of the peace for the county; was a diligent parish priest and active magistrate, aid died universally lamented and regretted. At Woolwich, Major Alexander Spear- man, 47. At Sandwich, Terry Sayer, esq. one of the jurats of that town. f At Waitstable, Mrs. Wootton. At Lewisham, Eliza Ann Castell, eldest daughter of the late Samuel C. esy. of Lom- bara-street, 37. “4 ¢ f At Ramsgate, My. S. Bax, sen. 83.— Mrs. Hayward, 95. : At Canterbury, Charles, eldest son of Mrs. Charles Pout, 18.—Gilber: Knowles, esq. _ At Tenterden, Mr. William Mace, sur- geon. 1 At Margate, Mrs, Franklin, wifé of Mr. ¥.of the Bull’s Head Ino. At Groves, near Staple, Lady Lynch, res Vict of Sir William L. &. B. 74, Kent. 293 The Rev. Robert Breton, vicar of Bought on Aluph, 33. At Maidstone, Mr. J. Richards, At Deal, Mrs. Judith Christian.—Miss J, Oakley, third daughter of Thomas O. esq. At Rochester, Mr. Thomas Penn. At Chatham, Mary daughter of G, Man- ger, esq. of the Dock-yard.—-Mr. Lodder, of the Crown end Anchor, At his seat, Old Park, near Dover, Dr, Wiliam Osborne, formerly of Hanover- music, London, aged 76. He was born in the County of Rutland, where aftér obtain- ing a good classical education, he received the early part of his medical acquirements, under the guidance of Dr. John Fordyce, of Uppingham; who was also the instructor/of the late Dr. George Fordyce, and of Dr. Garthshore. | After passing some years at . Uppingham, he came to London, where he attended the lectures of the late Dr. Wil- liam Hunter, and the practice of St. George's Hospital, His industry in the pursuit. of knowledge, was much assisted by a memory uncoramonly retentive; anda happy art of so arranging all which he read and saw, as to be able always to produce it. with great readiness, when the occasion required it. This faculty aided by a well regulated judg- ment, probably contributed inf a great degree, to that celebrity, which he afterwards attain- ed in his profession. Having finished his studies in London; Mr. Osborn went to Pa- ris, where he attended the practice.ofthe Hotel, Dieu, and the teachers at that time in most estimation, especially the celebrated Levret. This gave the direction to his mind, which fortunately for the interests of man kind, led him into that departmenc of me- dicine, in which he maintained for many years, as long as his health permitted, the aighest character. Returning trom France, he tuok a professional situation in the guards, znd went with them to Germany, in the war at the end of the last, and beginning of the present, réign. It is not a little singular that many of the young men at that ume engaged in the service of their country, rose aiterwards to high reputation. Among them are to be numbered, Mr. john Hunter, Sir, Walter Farquhar, Dr. Kerr, of Northampton, Cr. Huck Saunders, Dr, Denmag, ang Dr. Osborn, the subject of tis memoir, At the conclusion of the war, he settied in London asa surgeon, but. his studies un- der Levret at Paris, yave a bias. to his mind, audled him to cevate his attention to the improvement of midwiiery, and che invesci- gation of the diseases incident to the female sex, and to children, . He vbserved, that whi.st the other departments of medicine had been successiuily cultivated Ly mea or edu- cation and science; these haa been grossly neglected, and the lives of women under circumstances often of the greatest peril, .committed to the most ignorant, iliteratey and unlniormed practisers, wiulst the disore aces 294 ‘ ders of childrens weté scarcely namedin the books of medicine. A similarity of pursuits and opinions produced a connexion between Dr. Osbornand Dr. Denman, which led to their association, in a plan of opening a scheol in London, for teaching these subjccts in an extended way, and rescuing the prac- tice from ignorance and temerity. The ce- lébrity which they both acquiredis a strong” proof of their fitness for the undertaking, and their lectures were attended by some of the most celebrated men in every coyntry in the world. To the combined infltience and ex- ertions of Dr. William Hunter, Dr. Osborn, and Dr. Denman, it has been owing, that the practice of midwifery has been ameliorated, and a better knowledge of the diseases of women and children has been acquired In the year 1785, Dr. Osborn and Dr. Denman associated their former pupil Dr. Clarke with them in teaching. In.the following year, Dr. Denman retired, andthe school was continued ad many years by Dr. Osborn and Dr. Clarke. . Osborm soon rose to great ¢minenge in is profession, for which he was not more qualified by the powers of his mind, than by a peculiar urbanity of manners, and deport- ment, which falls to the lot of very few, and by a disposition naturally tender and hu- mane. The extent of his practice, and the time which he devoted to study, d’d not Jeave him much leisure for writing. He has however left behind him a work of great ractical utility, in a volume of essays on Natural and Laborious Parturition, which whether the mannet of treating the subject be considered, or the elegance and perspicuity of the style, will rank him among the best medical writers in the English language. ‘The fatigue hecessarjly atrenfarit on a Te. porious profession, slowly impaired his con- stitution, and broyght on complaints of the stomach, and palpitation of the heart, so as to induce him about the year 1800, to retire to his estate at Old Park, near Dover, where he acted as a magistrate for the coun- ty of Kent, and was always ready to af- ford medical assistance to the poor in his own neighbourhood. Here he lived in learned leisure, in the bosom of his family. About two months. before his death the symptoms of great debility in the stomach rapidly increased ; the disease about his heart was very uch aggravated, and he was well aware they would terminate fatally. He Jouked forward to his death, with great com- posure and resignation, and with the hum- ble confidence of a christian, He retained the powers of his mind, and the vivacity of ~ his disposition to the last moments of his lite, and died almost without a struggle. The whole tenor of his hife was useful to so- siety, and his death was enviable. SUSSEX. Applications are intended to be made to Porl.awrenc in tthe ensuing sessions, for acts tor the tollowing purposes ae For making SUSSEX. [Oct. t a turnpike-road, from Horsham, to Alford Cross Ways, Surrey 5 there to join the turn- pike ~~ leading from Loxwood, to Guil- ford. For making a tarnpike-road, from Horley jodacoae, Surry, to Horsiam. 3, For inclosing the forest of Ashdown or Lan- caster Great Park. A new Shire Hall is about to be erected at Lewes. The exterior of the edifice is to be built exactly after the manner of the Court Hall, at Chelmsford, and like that, is to have’ a spacious Market-room in front 5 but the interior is to be improved upon. Married. ‘i At Eastbourne, L. K. Willard, €sq. captain in the whi ie Garrison battalion, to Miss Thomas. At Croydon, Mr, A. P. Driver, of Albion Place, Blackfriars; to Miss Harris of Croy- don Common. At) Thorpe, Mr. Saunders, of Chertsey, to Miss Hymber, of Bath. At Westham, the Rev. Jahn Preston, | te Mrs. Ann Bristow. “At “Lewes, Mr. e. Verral, to Miss E, Morris? \ Mr. Georges Wille, sen. to Mrs. New- man, Died.] At Brig peter Miss Cecilia Napier, youngest daughter of the late Hon. George N. and Lady Sarah N. sister. tothe late Duke of Richmond.—Mr. Thomas Weston, 40, At Worthing, Lady William Russel, wile to Lord William 2! only brother to the ee Duke of Bedford, daughter of the late and» sister to the present Earl of Jersey. Her’ ladyship was married at the age of eightcen ; and died in her 87th year, At Rye, Mrs. Watson, relict of N. C, W. esq. 66. At Chichester, Mr. 26, * At Horsham, Mr Rowland. At Bentléy Farm, Framfield, Mr. John Bolsa 74. _ At Norton } y A. esq. of Brentford. At Shoreham, Captain Jarvis, late pay- paymaster in the Montgomery ~—Militia. He was nearly five years Lieutenant and Pay- master in the Layal Essex Fencible Dragoons, in» which situation he cohaliagied “Birhoele with the strictest honor and integrity in all his public concerns with the regiment, and from his private virtues was held in the highest estimation by all his brother-officers, On the reduction of that corps in Ireland, in the year 1800, he returned to- England, and in the anxious desire to provide a suitable maisitenance for a young and increasing fa= mily, he was induced to engage in a partner- ship concern, in the wine-trade, with a per- son of reputed credit in Londén. In the course of a jew months, however, this per- son became contpletely insolvent, and the property which Captain Jarvis had embarked in the concern, was. immediatelf Seized by the creditors 3" and thus the very means by whick Thomas Bradford, Lodge Mrs. Amber, relict of ee 1808.] which he had fondly hoped to gain a decent and honorable support for himself and his family, became unfortunately the immediate ‘cause of his complete and final ruin, and his whole property to the amount of above 30001. was at once irretrievably sunk in this most deceitful and iniquitous transaction. Under these circumstances, Captain Jarvis, by the recommendation of his friend, the late Lieu- tenant Colonel Scudamore (of the Essex Dra- goons, and Member for Nereford) obtained the situation, which he held in the Royal Montgomery Militia at the time of his death; and in which, for a period of more than five years, he discharged the duties of paymaster,, with the same regularity, integrity, and ho- nor, as he hed before manifested in the very extensive money concerns entrusted to him in the Essex regiment, barely supporting his wife and numerous family, to whom he was amost affectionate husband and father, by the pay annexed to it.—-On the arrival of the regiment at Shorcham, after a long and fatiguing march from Plymouth, he found himself suddenly called upon, after a lapse of more than five years, to.answer a demand @n account of his late unfortunate partnership, the concerns of which, as far as they regarded him he thought had been long since entirely settled; this sudden and unexpected claim was too much for his sensible and honest heart tosupport ; he was shortly after atrack- ed by a violent fever which determined ra- pidly to his brain, andin a few days carried him off in a state of perfect frenzy.—By this fatal termination of his misfortunes, his unhappy wife and children are at one blow deprived of a fond husband and parent, and ef the only means of subsistence which_yet remained tothem 3; for no length of service in Fencible or Militia regiments, entitles the widows of officers who die in the service, to - that small salary which is allotted for those whose husbands have served in the regular army. The above narrative is drawn up and. attested by the brother officers of the decea- Sed,»and in behalf of the unfortunate widow who is. pregnant with her sixth child) and five orphans, they earnestly recommend it to the attention of the benevolent and hu- mane, from whom it will meet, they trust, that.charitable cissistance, to which a case of such real and severe disthess presents so strong aclaim. Col. Browne, of the. Royal Mont- gomery Militia, and G. MaGraham, esq. of Chailey in this county, late Captain in the Essex Dragoons, have taken upon themselves the management and conduct or this subscrip- tion opened fer the benefit of this unfortu- nate family. ; uh HAMPSHIRE. Application will be made te Parliament in the " Wext session for acts for the following purposes: 4. For’ supplying the towns and parishes or Portsmouth, Portsea, and Gosport, with water. %» For the more easy and speedy recovery of Yui Hampshire—I Vilishive—Berkshire. ‘995 debts not exceeding ten pounds, contracted within the borough of Gosport and the liberty of Alverstoke, and also for regulating and set- tling the rates,prices, and fares, for the carriage of passengers and goods for hire, to and from any place within the limits of the harbour of Portsmouth and Spithead. 3. For inclosing the commons and waste lands in the parish of Hursley and manor of Merden, Married.| At Christchurch,George Paton. esq. of Upper Gower-street, London, to Miss Ashmore. At Winchester, Mr. Yalden, to Miss Kezia Baker, . Died.| At Winchester, Miss Mitchel. At Portsmouth, Alexander Farrier, esq. 2 burgess of the corporation.—Captain Small, of the Fifeshire militia—Mr. Sutherland. Near Lymington, Mr. Robert Daw, late of Portsea, and one of the burgesses of the cor poration of Portsmouth. , At West Combe, Mr. Micklethwaite, wife of J. M. esq. and daughter of Edward Stracey, esq. of Rackheath, Norfolk. At Romsey, Sophia Frances, second daugh~ ter of Thomas Latham, M. D. of Bexley, Kent, 20. - WILTSHIRE. © Married.] At Salisbury, Edward Hinx- man, esq. of Little Durnford, to Miss Délitia Ekins, youngest daughter of the Dean of Sa- lisbury.—Mr. J. Kington of Corsham to Miss Bromley of Pickwick. At Chippenham, Lieutenant C. Bagnell, of the Royal Marines, to Miss Ashe, daughter of the late dev. Mr. A. of Langley Burrell. : At Fast Knoyle, Sir W. G. Parker, bart. of the royal navy, to Miss E. Still, third daugh- ter of J. C. Still, esq. Dizd.] At Langley Parsonage, near Chip- peniam, Lucy Anne, youngest daughter of the late Richard Watts, esq. of Harnhill, near Cirencester. } : At Melksham, William ‘Simpson, M. D. formerly of. Bristol.—In his 77th year, the Rev. John Ekins, D.D. rector of Newton To- ney and Trowbridge, and dean of the cathe- dra] at Salisbury. He was formerly of King’s College, Cambridge, B- A.1755, M. A. 1758.” At Shasten, Mrs. Hannen, wife of Mr. Charles H. At Southbrook-house, near Devizes, Mr. William White, 62. At Ramsbury, Miss Meyrick, daughter of the Rev. Mr. M. -At Salisbury, Mr, Scutlard...Mr. Richard Lee,—Mrs. Harris. Mr. Clements, At Willow, Mr. Barnard. At Devizes, Mr. Whitfield: » At Holt, near Bradford, Mrs. A, Ross, 62. At Bradford, Miss Hester Hooper, young- est daughter of Mr. H. surgeon. BERKSHIRE. Application is intended to be made to Par- liament in the next session, for an act for in- ’ closing i — td aj vee 296 closing the commons and waste lands in the parish of Bray. * Married.]| At Newbury, Mr. Faithorne, o{ London, to Miss Crook. At Reading, Mr. Record, to Miss Pearce. At Sonning, Captain Abdy, of the royal navy, to Miss Rich, daughter of the late Sir Thomas R. Died.] At Maidenhead, Mr. John Pimell, , 62. _ At Reading, Mrs, Phillips.—Mr. Jus- tice. “4 . At Newbury, Mr. G. Arrowsmith, 55 — Mx, Samuel Grigg, many years a member of the corporation, and twice mayor of this bo- rough, SOMFRSETSHIRE. The sale of Lord Porchester’s Merino Ry- land flock took place a few days since, near Dulverton, and though but few purchasers at- tended, they went off at the following high prices. jae ae. Gs 50 Full-mouthed Merino Ryland $130 | 0 Ewes, in five lots. fetched, i 55 Four-tooth Ditto. 166 17 0 60 Merino Ryland Shearling Ewes, 179 16 0 9 Merino Rams ofthe pure blood, 151 0 0 Besides these, some very old broken mouthed ewes, of the pure blood, were sold from. 6!. to 71. each. Lord Porchester’s pen of twenty picked ewes, of the pure blood, at- tracted general admiration, and his !ordship was offered four hundred guineas for the twenty sheep, or fifty guineas fur one of them, but not being disposed to part with them at any price, he declined the offer. ’ Married] At Clifton, O. L. Harris, esq- of Oakland, near Dursley, Gloucestershire, to Miss Maria Williams only daughter of William W.. esq. of Ivy Tower, Pembroke- shire.—Michael Hinton Cestle, esq. of Byis- ~ tol, to Miss Susan Smith. At Bath, George Bradshaw, esq. of Clifton, to Miss Bethell, second daughier of the late George B. esq, At Bristol, Philip Sydney, esq. of London, to Miss Everitt.—Richard Cartwright, esq. of Shirehampton, to Miss Betten, daughter of the late Charles B. esq. of Whitchurch, Herefordshire.—-The Rev. Jolin Hensman of Vauxhall, to Miss Vaughan, daughter of Rich- ard V. esq. Died.| At Bristo', J. C. Hurry, esq. mer- chant and banker of Gosport, Richard Strat- ton, esq. At Bath, Miss Caroline Mostyn, eldest daughter of Charles B. Mostyn, esq. af Kid- dington, Oxfordshire. —Chatles Pye, esq. Jate of Waliord, Berks, 87 —Miss Ann Dodd, youngest daughter of the late John D. esq.— Mis. Erskine,relict of John E. esq. of Jamaica. DORSETSHIRE. Mrarried.} .At Charmouth, Mr. Robert Spiller, of Eordon, to Miss Julia Robins, daughter of john R. esq. Died.] At Yetminster, Mrs. Barrett.—= Miss Gaipine, eldest daughter of Mr. G. Somerset—~Dorset—Devon—lWales, Ke. completed, and la ee i ee [Oct. ¥; DEVONSHIRE. " ’ Application is intended to be, made to par- liament next session, for acts for inclosing the commonscalled Islington, Heathfield, and Bo- vey Heathfield, in the parishes of Islington and Bovey-tracey, and that part of the Stoke Commons, belonging to Higher Gabble and Minicombe, in the’ parish of Stokeintinhead. Married} At Plymouth, Lieutenant Mer- cer, of the royal marines, to Miss Prid- ham, daughter of John P. esq. North View- house. At Pinhoe, William Farraat, esq. of the 35th regiment of foot, to Miss Sarah El- lard, daughter of Mr. James E. proctor of Exeter, At St. Mary Church, James Cosserat, esq. attorney, to Miss Lucy Brown, daughter ot William B. esq. Died.| At Thancks, near Torpoint, Mrs. Nesham, wife of Captain N. of the royal navy, and daughter of Lady Graves. ; At Plympton, Mrs. Joanna Cholwich, last sttviving daughteror William C, esq. of Old- stone. At Exeter, Mrs. Dorothy Browne, a maiden lady, 81 —Mrs. Dunsford, of Plymoutr.— Mrs. Long.—Mrs. Thompson.—Mr. William’ Langley, druggist, 22.—Mrs. Squire, of the Globe tavern. CORNWALL. Application is intended to be made to Par- liament next Session, fort an Act for inclosing theCommons and Waste Lands in the Manor of Callington, ‘ oe {" Married.} At Falmouth, Mr. William Downing, merchant, to Miss Ann Bellman, of St. Austle. J Died.| At Falmouth, Miss Russel, daugh- ter of Mr. Samuel R. 14. “WALES, Considerable improvements are going on at Newport, in Monmouthshire, by the opening of anew shipping-place, under the name of Pill Gwernlyndocks. Wharfs, &c. are nearly shipments of coal, iron, | &c. have already been made. A new street three quarters of a mile long, isalso laid out, which, when completed, will have a hand- some appearance, being methodically planned. The present main street is also to be widened at the entrance into the town, and the new road now forming, to avoid the hill, wili be of considerable advantage to travellers. The public are indebted to Sir Charles Morgan, for these improvements, the worthy Baronet having liberally given all the land required for the purpose, without the smallest remu- ‘neration. , DEATH AEROAD. J =< On board the Meleager frigate, off the island of Cuba of the yellow fever, in his twentieth year John Theodore Marshall,second lieutenant, of the said ship, and youngest son of the Rev, John Marshatl, late rector of Orseth, in Es- sex. A most amiable young man, of great promise in his profession, and most deservedly beloved and esteemed by all who knew him. MONTHLY 1 a » :1808.] . ( 297°) MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. "THE cargoes of the fleet from India (reported in our last to have arrived) are as follow, Vii— Company’s Goods.—-51,598 Bags Saltpetre; 41 Keemo Shells; 149 Bales Hemp; 1,549 Bags Pepper; 6,219 Bales Piece Goods; 15 Boxes, 15 Chests, Opium ; 970 Boxes, 994 Chests, Indigo; 808 Bales Raw Silk; 677 Bales Cotton; 1,416 Bags Sugar ; 3,280 Bales Cinnamon; 70 Boxes Benjamin ; 2 Boxes Mace. ; ; Private Trade.—1,6%6 Chests, and 583 Boxes, Indigo; 34 Chests Mace, 16 Chests Nut- megs, and 34 Chests Cloves; 62 Pipes Madeira Wine; 625 Maunds Galls; 13 Chests Castar 1Oil 5 284 Maunds, and 967 Bags, Ginger ; 300 Maunds Redwood; 16 Bales Silk; 24 Bales Cotton; 846 Elephants’ Teeth ; 10,475 Hides, 12 Bags Coffee, and 12 Bags White Pepper. Privilege. —3,253 Chests, and 2,707 Boxes, Indigo; 38 Pipes Madeira Wine; 30 Bags Cotton, and 4 Rales Silk, besides other goods; particulars of which are not yet known. = We have the pleasure to announce the arrival of a very valuable fleet from China, con- “sisting of the following vessels .—The Hope, Coutts, Alfred, Taunton Castle, Earl Camden, and Woodford. Their cargoes consist of 105 Chests, 600 Half Chests, and 1,800 Quarter Chests, Bohea Tea; 17,438 Chests best Bohea Tea; 25,699 Chests Congou; 2,452 Chests Campoi; 1,768 Chests Souchong; 4,645 Chests Singlo; 28,525 Chests Twankay; 1,999 Chests superior Twankay ; 5,090 Chests Hyson Skin; and 5,453 Chests Hyson Tea, with 519 Chests Raw Silk, weight 51,609 lbs.; 102,750 Pieces Nankeen Cloth, A very large flcet is also arrived from the Leeward Islands, loaded with Rum, Sugar, Cof- fee, and Cotton. he first articles are come toa very dull market, but the Cotton has ar- rived to a very great market indeed, when we can say that Brazil Cotton has advanced full 9d.per lb. within a few days past, owing to the great orders now executing at Manchester, of all kinds of manufactured Cotton goods for the Brazils; and 3s. 6d. per Ib. is asked for fine Brazil Wool, notwithstanding that there isa ficet of thirteen vessels just now arrived from South America, and has on board upwards of 12,000 bags of Cotton. Birmingham and Shef- field are full of orders for that country for all kinds of hardware, toys, and cutlery, &c, and We trust soon to have our accustomed commerce with Spain and Portugal. The latter country Aaving been plundered by the French, will stand in need of almost every necessary ofdife from this country ; and no doubt the’exports of Woollens, Manchester goods, Linen, and Pro- visions, will be immense to Portugal, particularly. All kind of Russian goods, as Tallow, Hemp, Flax, Tron, &c. have got to unheard of _ prices; but there is little doubt Tallow must fal) considerably, as the ships from Brazil, now discharging their cargoes, have a considerable quantity of Tallow from Rio on board. On Saturday, the 10th inst. 817 Pockets of zeq, and 30 pockets of old Hops were weighed in Worcester market: current prices 31. 5s. to 31. 15s. per cwt. A few prime samples sold at 4). 4s. percwt. It is with pleasure we may say the Hop crops bave been wonderfully abun- Gant, and of a.very superior quality. COURSE OF EXCHANGE. Sept. 16.) Sept. 20. Prices of Hops: oe Wamburgh..|34 2 +--+. A g Altona .. ./54 3 ....|/34 3 ../34 3 ..|Bags.——Kent, 31. 10s. to 31. 15s. per ewt, Amsterdam |35 ..,... (2 .|34 7 ..{—— Sussex, 31. 5s, to 31. 19s. per ewt. Paris....../23 8'..,./23 8 ..]23 8 ../-— Essex, 3l. 5s. to 3). 10s, per cwt. Leghorn... {504 ...... 512 ....|Pockets.—Kent, Sl. 10s: to 41. 6s. per cwt. MAAMIES 3, 20142" "22 se F Sussex, 31. to 31.183. percwt. . ~ Getioa’.... /452".. 002% Farnham, 51. 10s. to 61. 10s. per cwt, BS TOD EL SS IGE es UOG ni. 5 > | emeernctnnncrnieneineotnmnsapsiarinalneaet een Oporto ..../70 ......|70 ....|70 ....{ The average price of Raw Sugar, ending Dublin ....j10% ...... {102 ..../103 .... 17th of September, 1808, is 35s. wu. per cwt. Conc ....'114 ....-.'11% ...4 (114 .... fexclusive of duties. _ ‘The following are the average Prices of Navigable Canal Shares, Dock ~Stock, and Fire Office Shares, in Sept. 1808, at :he Office of Mr. scott, No. 28, New Bridge-stregt, Black- friars, London:—Leeds and Liverpoo), 1821. dividing 81. per cent. per annum, nett—Grand unction, 1321. ; the last halt yearly dividend was ¢l. per share, ne:t-~Monmouthshire, O01. paying 51. per cent.—Kennet and Avon, 201, 10s. tor 161. paid—-Huddersfield, 191.— Basingtoke, 191. 19s. to 4i],—Kast-London Water- Works, 421. premium each— West-Mid- dlesex ditto, 221. premium—West-india Dock Stock, 1571. to 1591. per cent: dividing 101, per cent nett— London Dock Stock, 1151 to 1161, per cent. dividing 51. 2s, per ceut-—Com- mercial Dock Stock, ¥51. per cent. premium—Globe Insurance, 1idl. per cent-—Provident, ‘Institution, 5s. to 10s. premium each, ; _ Monrucy Mac., No. 176. Q4q4 NATURALIST’S j ao ae ee eee “i, Ce Te yey oe re eee ow ee 2 ( 998) NATURALIS!’s MONTHLY REPORT. ~ : “lavcusr. ? . 7 neal i Reuping month. Now golden Autumn from her open lap Het fragrant bounties show’rs ; the fields are shorn 3 Inwardly smiling, the proud farmer views _ Thetrismg pyramids that grace his yard, And counts his increase ; his‘barns are stor'dy And groaning staddies bend beneath their load. THE weather has heen variable throughout the greatest part of the month. In the evening "preceding the dst, there was one of the heaviest falls of rain that we have had this year's and the succeeding day was very squally, with much rain. From the second to the filth we ‘had fine weather but the sixth was cloudy, with strong galcs from the south- west and west. he 9th was squaliy, with thunder and rain. “The most seasonable weather for the harvest “was from the 9th to the $4th, but particularly during the four latter days. On the 24st the thermometer, in the shade, was as high as 68°. . The last days of the month were variable; and on the 30th and Sist we hadsome heavy gales of wind. e August 1. In the evening of this day I was surprized by the ticking,of the Death-watch, Termes (Termes pulsatorium of Linnceus) ina small box containing some chrysalids of insects, whicli stood ‘very near my writing-desk. I was at first deceived by it, and fancied that the noise proceeded from my watch. x A redbreast, of this year’s brood, that now flies about wild, and has never been ina cagey has become so familiar, that, when called, it will approach the person who attends to it, alight upon, and eat out of her hand. : r ‘August 8th. The following wild plants are in flower :—Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), Marsh Mailow (Althea officinalis), White Horehound (Marrubium vulgare), Hoodéd’ Wil- low-herb (Seutellaria ‘alericulata), Lesser Skullcap (Scutel/aria minor), Marsh Samphire (Sa- licornia berbacea), Bastard Stone Parsley (Sison Amomum), Meadow Saffron .( Coichicum au. " tumnale), and Upright Goosefoot (Chenopodium urbicum). uring the warm evenings, after rain, the different species of grasshoppers and Jocusts _ are every where very noisy, but particularly about the hedges, and in meadows.—In the even- ings, just at the close of day, I have lately remarked that large buti-coloured moth, the Drinker Moth (Phalana bombyx poratoria), flying about the hedge-hottoms in considerable numbers. Salva 1808. ]- _. Monthly Agricultural Report. 299 , m r. Salvia bicolor, a native of Algiers and Motecco, first correctly described by Desfontaines, whose name (we cbserved it with agreeable surprize) Mr. S, hasleft unchanged. The generic character and description ere drawn up with great care and precision. _ But why is Jacquin’s excellent figure of this sage in the Hortus Scloobrunnensis left unnoticed in the synonymy ? The third plant, Podalyria o/@folia; a native of the Cape of Good Hope, is, in Mr. Salis- bury’s opinion, easily distinguished from all the other species by the form of the leaves and the absence of pubescence on their npper surface. Buta look casr into the Species Plantarum im the neighbourhood of Podalyria birsuta, to which his plant bears great affinity, would have pointed out the very next species, Podalyria (Sophera) buxifolia of Retzius, as the plant here described: for a new one. Botanica MAcazinx. Mr. Gawler’s monthly contingent for the Jast number con- sistsin Cyrtanthus obliguws, considered by Liongys as a Crinum, and -by L’Heritier as an Ama- ryllis. As Cyrtanthus differs from both only from having the tube of the corolla longer, and consequently its lacinig shorter, these genera can scarcely depend on as much a the habit to be kept distinct from each other. Ornithogalum is a perplexing genus of the same kind: ©. lacteum, the milk-white Star of Bethiehem, figured in the next plate, costing its describer no less than half a hundred long words of differentia specifica, to distinguish it from others of its congeners. Both the figure and ietter-press of Tulipa gesreriana merit great praise. ‘Fhe latter contains several corrigenda and addenda respecting Tulipa Breyniana, é&c. It is really a matter of regret that there no longer exists a publication exclusively devoted to learned botanical disquisitions of this kind, which, as they cannot possibly be acceptable to all <* Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners,” however desirous these may be to become scienti- fically acquainted with the plants they cultivate, appear to be rather misplaced in the work under consideration. Browallia demissa, cultivated in our gardens before e/ata, appears to have been long lost in this country before it was reintroduced by Mr. Vere. It is well characterized by Dr. Sims: the chief distinction seems to be in the peduncles being al] solitary in the axils of the leaves ; while those of e/ata are in. part collected in a kind of terminal corymb. Goodenia tenella of Andrews, the Velleia trinervis of Labillardiére, from New Holland, keeps as it were the midway between the above neafly related genera. In habit it is a Velleia, of which however it has not exactly the calyx ; but on the other hand this part is not adnate as it should be in Goodenia; a circumstance, indeed, of no great moment in the natural or- der of Campanulacee. But there appears to be other peculiarities which may possibly heres after elevate this plant to the rank of a distinct, intermediate genus. ; Cercis Siliguastium. Dr. Sims might have added to his interesting account of this tree, that it-is with the Turks, what to the ancient Romans was the Cypress ; what to same other eastern nations is the Weeping Willow, and to the inhabitants. of the South Sea Islands the : Casuarina—the emblem of sorrow and the tree of cemeteries. The value of the very goods, | figure here given might also have been.enhanced by the addition of oneof the beautitut crimson pods’ that succeed the blush coloured flowers. , Byes ’ The varnished Heath, Erica resinesa, the E. Vernix of the Gardeners, comes nearest to ardens of Andrews, considering the difficulty with which the brilliant varnish of the corolla cai be imitated by the artist, the figure of this handsome. heath is very. well executed. » An intelligent correspondent obseryes, that, after the excessive rains that have ofilate: fallen, if the weather should be warm, an unusual number of Fungi may be expected this autumn; and as Dr. Smith’s fourth volume of his Flora Britannica, which will contain the» Fungi, is not yet, as we suppose, in the press, nor the second volume. of the new edition of: Dr. Huil’s Synopsis, many valuable additions may be made to these works, if the general at~ tention of botanists should be directed to this tribe, Eyen those wha hawe ng scientific kaow - ledge of mushrooms, but amuse themselves with drawing, may, by. securing, representations. of these very fugacious vegetables, afford no little assistance. The lawn in the front of the house, or the walk through the adjoining wood, may perhaps afford no incansiderable crop. wee MONTELY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. ‘HE harvest has now been fully secured in almost every part. of the kingdom, and nothing. : scarcely remainsout, except a few beans in the njose northetn districts, which will sooa, be housed. yi heel In threshing out, the oats and barleys turn out very favourably, in mest of the. northern - eounties.; but the wheats in some places are found rather light, and not to, yield so, well, hay- _ ing been affected with the mildew, which did not fully show itself before they. were.cur, A great breadth of Jand has this year been prepared for wheat, in different, parte.of- the, Island, and. even.in the northern counties much of this grain is already put into the ground, inthe most favourable circumstances. “Ihe advantage of carly sowing in these districts, begin now to be better understood, The | x - on Ua lla \ 1 oe 300 Meteorological Report, _. The potatée crops are now beginning tobe taken up in most places, and from thee: ances would seem to turn out well inall those parts in the north, where they are much growity In the south they will probably not be so favourable in their produce. , From the great abundance of grass in the meadows and pasture lands, both store and fat- tening stock must be carried on well, and the prices of the latter be kept somewhat down. The fine refreshing showers have likewise brought forward the turnips of all kinds, more favourably than was expected. The cieat of grain os somewhat on the advance. Throughout England and Wales, Wheat averages 84s. 1d. per quarter ;—-Barley 4s. 2d. ;—Oats Sas. 5d. In Smithfield market, Beef fetches from 4s. a te 5s. 6d. a stone.—Mutton, from 4s. to 5s. 6d.—Pork, from 5s. 6d. to 6s. 8d.—-Lamb, from 5s. to 7s. Hay fetches from "5k, to 6l. 6s.3—Clover, from 61. 6s. to 71. 7s 3—Straw, from il. 7s. to 21. 2s. . The weather has continued so fine, that!all sorts of farm labour has gone on with much dispatch, during the whole of the month. —— ——————————————— METEOROLOGICAL REPORT, Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of August to the Q4th of September, 1808, inclusive, Two Miles N.W. of St.. Paul's. Barometer, Thermometer. i i i 30. Wind West. Highest 30.30, Sept. 20 & 22. Wind N.W. | Higheft 72. Aug. 50. Lowest 29.30. Sept. 8. Wind West. Lowest 41. Sept. 24. Wind East. Early on the 29th The mercury y ? ( Crater U 5-tenths ( fell from 30.2 to Greatett € 430. a pasar ae variation in ( ofaninch. ) 29.7 between the | V2"2ton mg h u d th 24 hours mornings of the | 24 hours the Mext Gey. a6 tay b hd same hour it was as ged and 23d inst. high as 60°. The quantity of rain fallen since the last report is equal to 5.2 inches in depth. Daring the early part of the present month we bad almost constant rains, which will ac- count for the proportion that has fallen; this is very much larger than the average quantity for September. In thiscountry July is usually the rainy month; but that is characteristic é this year of September, notwithstanding which the average height of the barometer for the whole month is 29.9 nearly: and the average height of the thermometer is 60°. We have been favoured with a communication from the Isle of Wight on this subject, by which we Yearn that the average height of the thermometer taken at eight in the morning, from August 20th to September 17, both inclusive, was 62.7. Frum various observations made for several years, it should seem to the writer of this article that the temperature of eight o’clock, or be- tween eight and nine in the morning, may be taken for the average temperature of the twenty- four hours: this being admitted, and the climate of the Isle of Wight is between two and three degrees, warmer than the neighbourhood of the metropolis. We hope, by the kind- ness of our friend, to be able hereafter to give a comparative view of the temperature and quantity of rain of the two places. The wind during the month has been variable: from the 25th to the 29th ult. and alse from the 14th inst. to the 21st, we have had in general very brilliant days. Astronomical Anticipations. About two o’clock in the afternooon on the 4th, the moon will be full ; and on the 19th about five o’clock in the evening will be change or New Moon. On the 1st of the month the sun rises at fourteen minutes past six, and on the last at twelve minutes after7?. The clock on the 1st is mgre than ten minutes behind the sun, and the difference continues in- creasing the whole month, so that on the 3ist, the clock to. te right must be 16’ 15” behind a ‘well constructed sun-dial : that is, when thedial marks 12 o’clock, the clock, if accurate, will want 16 15” of that hour. On the 19ththe sun will be eclipsed, but as this phenomenon ' will be invisible to these. islands and indeed to Europe at large, we need oniy to notice the ‘facts Venus is now’an evening star: and Jupiter, whichis much higher in the heayens, is aninteresting object. On the ist instant that planet will be on the meridian at seven- teen minutes past ten, and on the 25th at 42 minutes past eight. Saturnis still an evening star, but too low to admit of observations.. Mars and Herschell are morning-atars, and to- wards the end of the month Mercury may be seen in the evening. : ; : 2 \ w P t i, THE MONTHLY. MAGAZINE. No. 177.] - othe Editor of the Monthly Mugazine. ; SIR, HAT similar causes produce similar effects is an axiom as old as phi- losophy ; and that there is nothing new underthe sun, is another axiom contirmed by long experience. : Taunled to obtrude these observations upon you at the present time, in conse- quence of the distinction lately assumed in literature by a class of Scribblers, who have recently emerged from the shades of Grub-street, whose own private infa- mies render their ill word no slander » Among those who know them, and whose = sole object is to subsist, for a short sea- sOn, on the inconsiderate patronage be- stowed on priyate anecdote and scurri- _ lity. " To the secret pleasure which is felt * by most persons in the degradation of others, may, doubtless, be referred the avidity with which scandal is devoured by the public. The knowledge of this depraved appetite consequently gives rise, at successive periods, to literary Speculations of desperate adventurers, - who; setting at deliauce every principle of moral feeling; and all regard for truth and decency, surprise the world for a time by the audacity of their assertions, _ and by the turpitude of their inventions, ‘They meet, however, with encourage- Z ment from rogues or fools, until, by ~ ‘falsehoods too gross'to be tolerated, they have surfeited and disgusted even such ~ patrons. The interdict which follows is generally as certain as it is just. Their infamous works are by the common =. voice speedily proscribed society—the _ ‘good sense of mankind predominates ‘again, and the vicious authors, and their _ _abettors, generally end their days either __,by their own. hands, or in some prison, ~ parish workhouse, or public hospital. t ____ This is no ideal portrait. Repetitions _ of the same causes ahd consequences t. take place every twelve or fifteen years. The history of literature indicates one or ___,fwo, epochas of scurrilicy in every gene- _ jfation, and the termination is always, sanglis necessarily, the samc. — | Moyrutx Mic., No. 177- NOVEMBER 1, 1808. ** As long as thofe who write are ambitiows of making Converts, and of giving to their Opinions a Maximum of _ “* Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greateft Effect the . “ Curiofity of thofe whe read either for Amufement or Inftrustion.” JOHNSON, [4 of Vor. 26. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. It is not to be expected, that those who are themselves the dupes of the worst passions should profit by unerring expe- rience ; but a salutary lesson, inculcating patience, may he derived from an obser= vation of the past by those who are the victims of those passions, and who as such are generally singled out for their eminence in wisdom or virtue. While the lawyers do not choose to make the distinction which plainly exists. between discussions on public objects, and libels on private character; and while a man who seeks redress in a court of law for a private libek, is liable to be still further calumniated by council pazd by his libel- lers, for the express purpose of insulting him, and is liable afterwards to see those venal calumnies printed with impunity and industry in all the newspapers, he will act prudently to submit to the origi« nal outrage, rather than run the risk of sustaining a greater by an appeal to such justice. If, for example, a caricature, calculated to bring’ a respectable man into contempt, and inade the sole object of a complaint, may be treated by the president of a court of law as a piece of fair criticism, and may be gravely con~ founded in terms with the ablest contro- versies on subjects of legislation and phi- losophy ; if the true ground of action, as declared upon, may be overlooked, and a silly and puerile, though malicious, ‘travestie, may in like manner be cons founded as well withthe real ground of action as with sober‘discussion ; if judges will not distinguish between the avowed discussions of legislators and philoso phers, and the anonymous impertinencies and misrepresentations of- venal and ma- licious Scribblers, and juries will permit themselves to be dictated to’ by judges, then indeed social order is at an’ end ;— ‘the domination of the strongest super- sedésthat of justice—audacious falsehood triumphs over modest truth—and the |i- berty of the press becomes a Curse in- ‘stead of a blessing ! Those who uphold the publication of private libels, and who studiously con- ‘found libels on private life with the free. 1 tied: dom 302 Account of the late Thunder-storm in Somersetshire. [Nov. ty dom with which public topics and the ublic conduct of public men ought to be discussed, can be no friends either to the liberty of the press, or to liberty in any shape; and whatever may be their out- ward professions, they cannot but be eovertly engaged in attempting to bring that glorious privilege into contempt! Nothing is so odious amoung the good and wise as slander on private character; hence the enemies of free discussien al- ways endeavour to confound private slander with public discussion, and af- fect to maintain, that if the latter is to- derated the former must be endured. If the public could be made to believe that the publication of slander on private character was a necessary consequence of allowing unrestrained discussion on public and abstract topics, we should have a censor of the press called for with’ irresistible yoice. But the distinction is so plain, that, in spite of the studied perversions of crown lawyers, and of the doctrines maintained by the agents of cor- ruption (in whatever disguise they may appear), the sensible part of the people of England will, I trust, continue to abhor private libellers, at the same time that they will distinctly insist upon, and main- tain, the liberty of the press, as far as respects the pablic actions of public men, and the unrestrained freedom of discus- sion on all scientific, religious, and ab- stract, topics. Such have always been the doctrines of the conscientious and consistent friends of public liberty ; and I might excuse the mistake of those who have lately main- tained very opposite doctrines, if I did not know something of their general characters, if I did not know that they have for this occasion become the ap- arent friends of liberty and toleration ; in short, if I did not believe them to be wolves in sheeps’ clothing ! In regard to other subjects ofan ana- logous nature, which have lately been forced in various shapes before the public, such as the question, Whether anonymous Reviews are entitled to re- spect or credit 2—I confess [ think this a question which chiefly agitates booksel- lers’ apprentices, small wits, and petits- muitres in literature! No man of ordi- nary sense, or vbservation, can for a mo- ment lend his judgment to the dictums of anonymous critics, when he duly consi- ders the Protean shapes which are as- sumed by the needy, profligate, and ma- Jevolent, when personal responsibility is mota necessary qualification. The trade of anonymous reviewing is, however, on the decline ; and at the ‘present moinent not more than two of the Reviews pay the expence of their fabrication, Charity to the parties: interested, as well as re- spect for the good intelligence of your readers, renders it therefore unnecessary for me to enlarge on so beaten a topic. Tam, Sir, Your old Correspondent, Common SENs®. London, Oct. 2, 1808. ae account of the tremendous THUNDER-= storm, which fell in SOMERSETSHIRE, on the 15th of JULY, 1808, with RE- MARKS; in which the best MEANS in general of avoiding the DANGERS of LIGHTNING to ANIMAL LIFE, and the MEANS Of SAFETY, are pointed out. By mr, crocker, of FROME. F all the phenomena of nature which we distinguish as occasional or extraordinary, that of the storm of lightning with thunder seems to be at once the most splendid and the most sublime. Nothing appears to be so fore cibly and so directly calculated to awe the mind of man, by exhibiting, in the same instant, the Creator’s power of ac- tion- and of controul—his omnipotence to destroy, with his benignity to preserve, On this island, these occurrences of nature are much less formidable than im some. other countries ; yet here some have been noticed as worthy of recording, for the information of posterity, particularly two in the year 1697. The tirst, as Dr. Halley and others relate, fell in Cheshire and Lancashire, on the 29th of April; it was estimated to be two miles in breadth, and to have passed over the country sixty miles in length, by which small animals were killed, trees were split, horses and men struck down, and other calamitous consequences ensued. Some of the hail-stones of that storm are said to have been five or six inéhes in circumference, and to have weighed five Or more ounces. Some were round, others half round; some smooth, others embossed and crenated; the icy sub- stance very transparent and hard, witha snowy kernel in the middle. The other storm fell in Hertfordshire, five days after; of which it is stated that the thunder and lightning was succeeded by a shower of hail, by which some per- sons were killed, and their bodies beaten black-and blue; vast oaks were split, and fields of rye cut down as with a oC. e \ 1808.] Aucount of the late Thunder-storm in Somersetshire. The stones measured from ten to thirteen inches about; some oval, others pricked, and some flat.—Philos, Trans. No. 229. Superior, however, to either of these, both in grandeur and extent, was the So- mersetshire storm of the 15th of July, 1808 ; some general idea of which, with some of the very interesting particulars, - J am desired to communicate through the medium of the Monthly Magazine. Standing, as I did, about two miles from the eastern limits of the most pow- erful part of this memorable tempest, I had full opportunity of viewing and con- templating those magnificent volumes of electric fire which exhibited themselves every three or four seconds, and of listen- ing to those solemn reverberations of sound which accompanied them, without experiencing any of their baleful effects; and could make my observations on the sublime spectacle in safety. I perceived that, as the storm approached the neigh- bourhood of Frome, the smailer detached clouds frequenily rushed with unusual ra- pidity towards that part of the main cloud where an eruption had taken place, in exact conformity to the known doc- trine in eletricity (which may be termed thunder and lightning in miniature), that when bodies possess such’ portion only of electric matter as they can retain by non- attraction, they are in an unelectrified state. When the equilibrium of electric matter is disturbed, and they acquire an additional quantity from other bodies, they are electrified positively, or plus; and and when they lose their natural share, they are said to be electrified negatively, or minus: so that when bodies are elec- ‘tified thus differently, they will attract each other until they mutually give and ‘receive equal quantities of the electric fluid, and the equilibrium is restored. Thus, in the instance before mentioned, when any part of the main eloud had parted with a portion of its fluid by eru tion, the neighbouring clouds rushed for- wards to communicate their contents, ‘that such equilibrium might again be re- stored.* The effect produced by the ————— '-* This eyuilibrium of electric matter ms to denote the purest and most salutary State of our atmosphere. A physician of eminence, in hig Monthly Report of Diseases, ‘remarks, that ‘* Fevers abounded less in the month next after this storm, than they did “in the month preceding, in proportion of “three to twelve; in cuns: quence, no doubt (he says), of a mitization of heat, and other. atmospheric amelioration.”—Monthly Mag. Aug. and Sept, 1808. 303 ignited electrical matter causing a vacuum in its passage, and the contiguous air collapsing suddenly, and with violence, are therefore the immediate causes of thunder. In less than two hours time, this thun« der-cloud had encreased to a vast magni« tude, extending its bulk over the horizon from S.E. to N.W. and its height or thickness I found, by observation and computation, to be nearly a mile. Its progress, as I have since found, was nearly seventy miles, and its average breadth about eight miles; so that the space of earth over which it was sus- pended, in its progress, was not less than 550 square miles, The lightning exhibited flashes vastly extended, and highly vivid, and which darted in every direction, as the electric attraction invited. The thunder was one incessant roar. The following morning was fraught with intelligence of devasta- tions eaused by a tremendous shower of hail, which fell at the time, such as the oldest man living in our country had not remembered. ‘The hail-stones were exe traordinary, both in size and form; some small as a pea, others larger than an orange: some round, others broad, flat, polygonic, angular, or crenated, having cores of different density from the exe treme parts. The hail-water was of a blackish hue, and of an unpleasant phose phoric taste. Various and contradietory relations of the facts, made me desirous of ascere taining them; and tothis end I dispatch ed circular letters to my distant friends within the limits of the storm, request- ing the favour of their reply to certain questions that I judged applicable to the subject: such as the time when the storm began, in their respective situa- tions; the length of its coutinuance; the point from which the wind blew at the time; the quarter from which the storm appeared to come, and the point to which it tended at its departure ; the mee dium and extreme sizes of the hail~ stones; the time of intermissions between the flashes of lightning; the general ef- fects of the storm on vegetables, ani- mals, buildings, &c. &c.—To these en- quiries I have been favoured with satis- factory answers from persons of great respectability, who were witnesses of the phenomenon, and its effects. LT From this we perceive, that even storms of lightning (alarming as they are) are amongst the ultimately beneficial economics of Nature. In 304 I the arrangement of such communi- cations, it may be necessary to regard the time of the observed commencement of the storm at different places, in pro- gressive order; and, thence, in some measure, to determine its progress, pre- mising, however, that such data will ne- cessarily be deficient, when so many and various causes were operating, such as diferent electrive attractions and currents of air, and that even the observed course of the storm, at particular places, cannot be securely relied on for the general ten- dency, since the attraction of hills, and the different extent of vales, over which it passed, must have been strong oppo- nents to any regular progréss. Tt appears, then, that this. storm origi- nated on the north-western confines of Dorsetshire, and entered the county of Somerset, about Milborne-port, where it divided itself into two branches, north- ward and westward. The northern branch was observed to approach Tem- ple-Combe,* about five in the afternoon, and continued two hours and ahalf. My correspondent there informs me that the hail-stones in some of the neighbouring villages measured from 1 to 13% inches in circumference, many of which weighed eight ounces each, The corn and ap- ples were very much beaten down and destroyed, to the amount of many hun- dreds of pounds loss to the proprietors. On the western side of Horsington pa- rish, about Thrope, Cheriton, &c. the storm was violent for about twenty mi- nutes; windows broken; all the apples beaten down; bark of the trees much battered, and their top branches beaten off. Hence it passed slowly on to Maper- ton, Holton, Bratton, and other villages west of Wincanton. ; From Suddon-house (a mile west of Wincanton) Mr. Melhuish gives me the following particulars of the storm there, and in that neighbourhood :—I observed, says this geutleman, the storm about six o'clock, p.m. coming from the S.W. The evening setin unusually dark for the season of the year; a servant of mine, who was unloading hay near the house, was struck violently on the arm by a hail-stone, which surprized us all, as at. ~ that time we had not conjectured what was near us. About a minute after, I discovered two or three hail-stones, about the size of pigeon’s eggs. In afew mi- nutes after, one of Jarger dimensions fell * Refer to the map of Somersetshire. Account of the late Thunder-sto*m in Somersetshire. [Nov. 1, by my side with such velocity, that, striking on the ground, it dashed to pieces, and the different fragments re- bounded as high as my head. In about seven or eight minutes more, the hail de- scended in one dreadful storin, fraught with destruction. In the N.W. side of the house, sixty panes of glass were broken: apples sufficient to make forty hogsheads of cyder destroyed: seven acres of oats, and the unmown grass, beaten down as flat as if a heavy roller had repeatedly passed over it one way. The impressions of the hail on the ground were as though the head of an iron bar had been forced upon it. Hook-farm, a mile from hence, suse tained much injury in corn and apples; as did Hatherly-farm, about the same distance: so also the parishes of Cheri- ton, Holton, Maperton, Clapton, Brat- ton, Shepton, Montacute, We. felt the direful effects of the fury of the storm. The thunder was tremendously awful; not “ peal on peal resounding,” but one incessant roll for three hours, without one moments intermission; the element all on fire; flash answering flash from - different parts of the hemisphere. Tt seemed as if the magazine of heaven had been opened, and all its artillery let loose upon us.—Vegetation, disrobed of its beauty, bending beneath the pressure of its affliction, appeared mourning one general loss. It must be some consider- able time before the trees can recover, as the hail descended with such velocity as entirely to strip or loosen their bark ; not one has escaped. Providently no lives were lost in this neighbourhood, of man or beast. At Castle Cary, a few miles further, it began about the same time, and came from the same quarter; its continuance one hour and a half; lightning and thun- der incessant. The hail-stones, my cor- respondent remarks, were of the size and form of split vutmegs: bat one was mea= sured, after it had been carried two miles, whose circumference was eleven inches. No material damage done in this parish ; but the villages of Cadbury, Yarlington, &c. felt much of the force of the storm, At Bruton some of the hail-stones measured more than seven inches round ; the lightning and thunder almost inces- sant.—At the village of Stratton, a few miles northward, the lightning fell on the dwelling-bouse of a Mr. Keate, and shattered it very much.—At Batcombe, in the same neighbourhood, the corn and apples 1808.] Account of the late Thunder-storm in Somersetshires apples suffered considerably; one hail- stone is stated to have measured thirteen inches and a half. At the village of Wanstrow, the dis- tant thunder was heard one hour and a half before the sturm began there, which was a little before seven It was ob- served to come from the S.S.W. and proceeded to the northward. ‘The fall of hail was of short continuance, not more than five minutes; the medium size of the stones three inchesround. One mea- sured twelve inches, flattened on one \ side, and much crenated :—the inter- missions between the flashes of lightning were abont three seconds. The wind was turbulent. The clouds, at the com- mencement of the storm, appeared in complete hurly-burly, rushing with impe- tuosity towards each other in every di- rection, and again receding, according to the principles of electricity, above adverted to. Windows broken; wheat and barley beaten down, and much in- jured, _ At Shepton Mallet the storm appeared to come from the S.W. and to pass to the eastward :—hail-stones of the size of a walnut, the fall of which continued but a short space of time; the lightning inces- ‘sant, and the thunder scarcely ceasing for two hours. A valuable horse near the town killed by the lightning. -A report of the damages done in the neighbour- ing villages, my correspondent observes, would exceed credit. At the villages of Donhead, Leigh on Mendip, and Stoke- lane, very much damage done to win- dows, corn, grass, and trees. At Whatley, near Frome, on the wes- tern part of the village, some few hail- stones fell. In the village of Elm, a mile north of Whatlev, one hail-stone only was seen to fall; but in the adjoining pa- rish, Mells, the storm, was truly tremen- dous, Col. Horner, of Mells’-park, writes me that the lightning was almost inces- sant; that the severity of the hail-storm lasted about a quarter of an hour; hail- stones generally from seven to eight inches and a quarter circumference; that he had more than 3,000 panes of glass broken in his house, hot-houses, garden- glasses, &c. Very many rooks,* pigeons, ~—-e—__—_— * Tt may be remarked, that in this park is a very extensive grove of ancient venerable beech-trees, which for ages has been the nightly resort of multitudes of rooks, not only the rightful tenants of the grove, but those of the neighbouring rookeries for miles round, ‘a mode of association which is common to thlis species of bird. it scems aot improba~ i 305 -and pheasants killed; his pine-plants and other exotics destroyed: wheat and barley cut off, and unmown grass beaten into the ground. From the village of Mells, another correspondent (Mr. Fussell, the eminent manufacturer of iron instruments), gives me the following particulars:—The storm, he says, began at half past seven, coming from the $.8 W.; that it was not more than seven minutes continuance at his house, but at other parts of the parish more than half an hour: the hail-stones from four to nine inches circumference: the intermission between the flashes of lightning could scarcely be perceived; at every place where the violence of the sterm was felt, the effects were truly astonishing, Wheat, oats, and barley, entirely destroyed; as were all the garden vegetables; unmowed grass beaten down flat; the roads and lands strewed with leaves and branches of trees, Wherever a hail-stone struck atree or large branch, the bark was struck off.. Every pane of glass exposed was broken to pieces, Two days after the storm, hail-stones were taken from a ditch, which measur- ed from six to seven inches in circum- ference. From various communications (none of which I had reason to doubt) of the pe- culiarly destructive effects of this storm on a farm of Col. Horner’s, within this pa« rish, in the occupation of Farmer Nuth, I was induced, four weeks after, to visit the spot, and view the ravages made on the corn crops. Here I saw the honest man’s hopes and prospects ofan abundant harvest entirely blasred by this tremen- dous visitation. Of thirty-eight acres of promising wheat, twenty-four of barley, and twelve of oats, he has not a sheaf left to carry to his barn. The storm, he informed me, came to him from the west ; the hail continued from twenty-five to thirty minutes: it fell not in a perpendi- cular, but a slauting direction, and was, as he emphatically termed it, a sweeping sterm, indeed! His wheat in ful! bioom, standing in promising condition (as well as his other crops), so battered, crippled, broken, and beaten down to the ground, that not enough was left standing on his farm to furnish him with a handful of Tipe corn, when the time of harvest came. rN ble that the numerous dry limbs of trees in this grove (and in the park generally), be- ing electrified negatively, attracted the cloud, which was electrified positively; and that such attraction may have tended to encrease the violence of the storm at this spot. A_crop ¥ 306 A crop of turnips, also, five acres, lite- rally beaten into the ground, and the field dotted all over by the hail-stones, as if with the end of an iron bar, in numberless instances to the depth of two inches, In passing the western side of an hedge, I could not but remark the effect of the storm on the trees and un- der-wood; the bark of several branches which I gathered had wounds an inch anda half in length. In short, such a scene of devastation my eyes never be- fore saw, and [ trust never will again. J. Paget, esq. of Newbury-house, two miles N.W. of Mells, informs me that the storm of rain began there -at half past seven; thata¢ lasted three quarters of ap hour: the fall of hail about twenty- five minutes; the medium size of the bail-stones that of a pigeon’s egg, some of them eight ov nine inches in e1rcumfe- rence: one was picked up just as at fell, which could not be put into a pint cup; another was the size of a man’s wrist. A gentleman, who is tall and altogether a stout man, selected three hail-stones, near his house, alter the storm, which he could not yrasp in one hand, so as to hold them: the large huil-stunes were more or less flat, some of them extremely smooth, much resembling sea pebbles, others al- together as rugged and irregular. All windows facing the west were demolish- ed, scarcely apane escaped. A quantity of Cornish slates broken, as were many pantiles that lay rather flat. Flower- pots and pans in the garden broken, Fruit-trees not only stript of their fruit, but so battered with the hail, that in numberless instances the injury on the bark seemed as if it had been inflicted with a hammer. All cucumber lights utterly demolished, even those which were glazed with the thick knob, er bul- len glass. The vegetables in the gardens beaten down as flat as if a large flock of sheep had been driven over them ; many rooks, ducks, &c. were killed, and others severely maimed. A farmer's boy, ona neighbouring down, was so battered by the hail, that he was black and blue. Near the same spot a hare was knocked down by the hail, and taken up as dead. A young farmer, in attempting to run from the stable into the house, was so stunned by a blow from a hail-stone, that he could only save himself from falling by catching hold of agate. At Babington, Kilmersden, Hemington, and Writhlington, many score acres of corn alinost wholly destroyed. Acsount of the late Thunder-siorm in Somersetshire, Babington, the seat of C. Knatchbull, esq. suffered much in glass and the gar- den vegetables: wheat, barley, and other grain destroyed, F Ammerdownehouse, the seat of T. S. Jolliffe, esq. being on a more elevated spot than the seats just mentioned, suf - fered in its windows and roof proportion- ately, [be storm, which came from the S.W. began there soon after seven, and continued an hour; the common size of the hail-stones about five or six inches 5 some nine inches in circumference. The corn, Mr. Jollitfe informs me, was much prostrated ; small animals killed, the roofs of buildings materially injured, and the glass of many houses utterly demolished, Here is the first instance which oecurs of this weighty storm ascending and crossing a hill ‘of any material elevation, It seems hereabout to have sub-divided, part passing down the vale to Kilmersdon and Radstock, and the other part pass- ing over the hill near Ammersdown, to Hemington; where the hai fell with considerable violence, broke some of the windows of the church, and of the par- sonage-house, and destroyed several fields of corn. At Highwood farm, in this parish, seven acres of wheat, in a field of twelve acres, were totally destroyed, whilst the other five remained unhurt:— a flock of sheep near the house, which had been shorn but few weeks before, were so bruised by large hail-stones, that the contusions produced suppuration ; and the shepherd had much difficulty in curing them. The cattle running to the. wood-side for shelter, expressed their feelings by the most piteous moanings. Not only the windows of the house were broken with violence, but the outer door (of ancient oak) was so battered, that Numerous impressions of the hail-stones still remain, and consequently will, as long as it shall be a door, This branch of the storm proceeded down the narrow vale to Writhlington and Radstock, in which short progress it destroyed many fields of corn, to the amount of nearly £1000. , At Radstock, the Rev. Mr. James writes me that the general storm (which seemed to come from every point) con- tinued for several hours; the size of the hail-stones frora that of peas to that of lien’s eggs; few windows broken; but wheat and barley much injured.—Mid- summer Norton, a neighbouring village on the west, sustained little or no injury. —Chewton Mendip, farther to the west, sustained 1808.] Account of thé late Thunder-storm in Somerseish ire. sustained no injury; but the lightning, my correspondent observes, was one con- tinued wavering flash. At Chew-magna, the Rev. Mr. Hall writes me the storm continued furiously two hours and a half, and went off to the N.E.; little hail; but what did fall, was more like pieces of ice than common hail-stones. About the middle of the storm, this gentlemen remarks, there was the appearance of a ball of fire, attended instantaneously with a tremendous clap of thunder, and a succession of reports, similar to the bursting of a bomb-shell. The city of Bath felt very little of the destructive part of this awful occurrence; but the neighbouring villages in the vale below (Priston, Farmborough, Newton- park, Kelweston, Keynsham, and Bris- lington) suffered materially. At Bristol, the storm was violent in lightning and rain; but the hail-stones are stated to be not larger than small marbles, Here then we may perceive that the extreme fury of thenorthern branch of this storm was abated; and its progress in the coun- ty of Gloucester (where the thunder and lightning were tremendous) was not mark- ed with the demolition of windows, corn- fields, gardens, and vegetables, as in its course through Somersetshire. In order to trace the full extent of this phenomenon, and its effects, through Somersetshire, it is necessary to return to the point I first set out from, and follow its other main branch in its western pro- gress. From Milborne-port, its direction seems to have been towards Yeovil, pass- ing over the Earl of Digby’s-park, at Sherborne-castle, where two sheep were destroyed by the lightning, and a large oak tree shivered to pieces.—At Yeovil, the thunder and rain continued from se- ven to eight, without any material mis- chief. The storm appeared to come from the S., S.W., W.,and N.W. Be- tween the flashes of lightning there was scarcely any intermission, and the thun- ‘der was continual, forming altogether a most terrific and wonderful scene. Al- ‘though no mischievous effects were ob- served in the immediate vicinage of Yeo- vi), yet my correspondent (Major White) informs me, that in his rides through the surrounding villages, shortly afterwards, he observed much devastation of corn, unmown grass, beans, and potatoes, all which. were literally beaten into the ground: Jeaves and branches of trees, eaten off, covering the ground as in au- tufin, Ina fallow field at Horsington, 307 he saw the impression of hail-stones, two inches and a half in diameter, five days after the storm. Between Tintinhull and Ilchester, a horse was struck dead by the lightning; the rider unhurt. At High Ham, the storm is stated to have begun at eight; the hail to have continued half an hour; the stones from six to eleven inches. It appeared to come from the north, aud to pass to the east. At this village, and at Pitney, Upton, and Long-Sutton, apples sutlicient te make. hundreds of hogsheads of cyder were beaten down ; wheat, beans, peas, barley, and potatoes, to the value of one thousand pounds destroyed. Windows beaten to atoms. * At Pedwell, near Asheot, the storm began at nine; its continuance three quarters of an hour; its approach was from the south-east ; its departure to the west; the hail-stones from three to six inches; the lightning almost continual ; the thunder incessant. My correspon- dent (Mr, Lilly) had more than one hundred sash-squares broken in his house and premises. Similar were the effects at Butleigh (the seat of Lord Glaston- bury,) at Kingweston, &c. The damage done at Kingweston, and its vicinity, is estimated at many thousands of pounds. The destruction of corn and apples in the neighbourhodd of Aslicot, is very great: one gentleman is supposed to have lost one hundred hogsheads of cyder, At Langport, it began at. half past nine; continued three quarters of an hour; came from the south-west, and passed off to the north-east: the hail-stones froin four and a half to six inches ; little or ne intermission between the flashes of light- ning: Many fields of wheat, barley, oats, and potatoes, entirely destroyed: the ravages of the storm, my friend observes, are beyond description; and nothing but ocular observation, he remarks, | could satisfy the enquiry I had made. This western branch of the storm (now much abated in its fury) passed over tthe low, rich lands of the county, and crossed the Bristol Channel, between Bridge- water bay and Watchet. Imperfect as my account of this awful phenomenon must necessarily be, yet it will appear to be more extensive in its progress, and far more injurious in its effects, on the produce of the earih, than any other tiiat is either remembered or recorded: yet it is highly consolatory to observe, that not a single human indivi- dual perished by it! Whw shall assert, that it may net even have been an ine strument 308 strument, of modus, in the hands of pro- vidence, not merely of recalling bis crea- tures to the necessary sense of their weakness and his power, but also of avert- ing some stilt more extensive, more af- flictive, more dreadful, calamity. Your's, &c. A, Crocker. POSTSCRIPT. Hints ‘of some cautionary Means, by which the Dangers of Lightning, to animal life and safe- ty, may be avoided. In storms of this kind we are frequently, from inadvertence, exposed to imminent dan- ger, when a timely, andin general a very practicable, mere change of station would se- cure us against it. It has been long known that the cause of thunder, is the same with that which pro- duces the ordinary phenomena of electricity ; thuncer being no other than a grand species of electricity, or, rather, that electricity in the hands of man is a feeble imitation of thunder from the handofthe Almighty. A thunder-cloud may be considered as a large conductor, actually insulated and surcharged with electric matter; which, should it meet with another cloud not electrified, or less so than itself, wiil discharge part of its subtile fluid into the latter, by flashes of lightning and formidable reports of thunder; until an equilibrium of quantity be restored. Whether this principle, the electric fluid, actually emanates from the sun, and com- mixes with our atmosphere, as some philoso- phers conceive; or whether it is a principle inherent in the earth and its appendages, per se, isa question not necessary to be here dis- cussed: certain it is, that we find it abun- dantly diffused through the atmosphere, and on the surface of the earth, and on various bodies attached to the earth: we know also that some kinds of bodies will convey this fluid with greater facility than others will, Such bodies as most readily convey it from object to object, are called conductors: the most common of which are all metals, in the following order of perfection; gold, silver, platina, brass, iron, tin, and lead; metallic ores, the fluids of animal bodies, water, ice, snow, green wood, and most earthy substan- ces. "There are other bodies which will not, without dithcuity, conduct it; and which, on that account, are called non-conductors: such are glass, sulphur, -resin, silk, cotton, fea- thers, wool, hair, paper, ashes, and most hard stones, From hence it may be inferred that, in dangerous thunder weather, we should care- fully avoid standing or sitting in contact with any of the conductors. By dangerous thunder weather, I mean such storms”as are over our heads or near to ws. ‘The distances of which may be nearly ascertained, by the known progress of sound - 1 Means of avoiding the Dangers of Lightning. [Nov. 1, through the air, which is at the rate of about 381 yards in a second of time ; so that if there are nine beats of a clock, or ten of the pulse of a person in health, between a flash of lightning and the report of thunder, the dis- tance is then about two miles, and ‘no danger is at hand: but if no more than about four beats of aclock, or five pulsations, are be- tween them, danger may be apprehended, and precaution should be taken. In the open air, standing under tall trees, especially such as have dead or dry branches, or against very lofty buildings, is dangerous. As lightning runs swiftly along, or plays amongst mevailic bodies, let care be taken to avoid all such, whether out of doors or with- in. All doers and windows of apartments should be set open, that lightning may have free passage through. A sitting or recumbent posture on chairs, mattresses, couches, or beds, filled with hair, wool, or feathers, in such part of a room as may be out of the influence of conductors, or may not bein the way of any current be- tween windows and doors, is, undoubtedly, the safest situation that can be chosen. The furniture of the fire-place should be caretully avoided. So, also, should the wires and cords of bells. Picture-frames, and other furnicure gilt, are unsafe to stand close by. A most re- markable effect of lightning, in gilded rooms, happened in the hotel occupied by Lord Til- ney, at Naples, in the year 1793.- The apartments were decorated with great ele- gance, as was the taste of persons of rank in” that country : the cornices of the rooms were gilt, in the Italian manner, from whence proceeded a number of plat-bands, serving as frames to the tapestry, gilt likewise ; so also were the borders of the pannels of the wains- cot, the frames of pictures, mirrors, and door- posts. On the 24th of March, Lord Tilney hada Numerous party at dinner. A loud clap of thunder alarmed the company, and in an in- stant the whole apartment seemed to be on fire. Every one thought himself struck by the lightning ; but, to their great joy, no one was wounded ; for the prodigious quan- tity of metal conductors enabied the light- ning to pass, without injuring any one, On examination, it was fouud that great part of the cornices were damaged, particu- larly at the corners, and where bell-wires passed through; picture frames, much in- jured ; and some of the bell. cords burnt. By these facts, we have clear testimony that the electric fluid most readily attaches itself to metallic conductors; which in this instance, were the means of saving the com- pany from destruction: had any of them, at the time, been in contact with these gaudy trappings, it is probable that their lives would have been the sacrifice, A.C. To : : f 1808.] ~ Fo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, TAKE the liberty of sending you the following anecdotes of Totnes. The greater part of them are collected from Prince’s “ Danmonii Orientales Illus. tres,” Camden’s “ Magna Britannia,” ed. 1730, and “ Jettery of Monmouth’s His- tory of England.” Should you think them worth inserting in your valuable Maga- zine, I may perhaps, at some future time, send you an account of the many inter- esting objects which are to be met with in the neighbourhood of Totnes, as Berry- castle, Compton-castle,the river Dart,&c. Totnes, according to the old histo- rian Jeffery of Monmouth, is the most ancient town in England; the first that was inhabited by men; for previ- ously to the landing of Brute, the whole island was inhabited, though very thinly, by giants! This luckless lad, Brute, who was the great grandson. of Eneas the Trojan, killed his mother in his birth, and at fifteen years of age destroyed his fa- ther. Being expelled Italy for the par- ricide, he wandered about the world, till, by stratagem and good fortune, he be- came possessed of the daughter of king Pandrasus for his wife, with plenty of gold, silver, ships, corn, wine, and oil. - With all these riches, and at the head of a fleet of three hundred and twenty-four ships, he set sail in quest of further ad- ventures. In the course of the voyage they landed on an uninhabited island, where there was a temple of Diana, and a statue of the goddess that gave answers to all who consulted her. Here Brute enguircd whither they were togo, and was informed by the goddess, who appeared to him in person, that beyond Gaul there was an island in the west, where he should found another Troy, and a race of kings by whom all the world should be subdued, With this answer they put to --sea, and after great danger from pirates, and sca-monsters called Syrens, they picked up some Trojans whose general was Corineus, a very modest man, but so courageous, that “if he encountered with any gfant, he would immediately over- throw him as if he had been a child” They then attacked and defeated all the confederated Gauls, burnt their cities, _ Taidwaste their fields, and ‘‘ made dread- ful slaughter among the people, being un- __ willing to leaye so much as one alive of all that wretched nation.” After this they set sail for Britain, the promised dand, and arrived at Totnes, . _ Montunx Dlas., No, 177, nv Account of the Town of Totnes, in Devonshire. 309 And here noble diversion awaited Brute’s friend Corineus, for to him was confided the difficult enterprize of driving out all the giants from the country of Cornwall, because they were in greater - number there than in all the other pro- vinces. ‘There was one of these detes- table monsters named Goemagot, about eighteen feet high, and of such prodigious strength, that at one shake he would pull up an oak asif ithad been an hazel-wand. One day when Brute was at Totnes, this felléw and twenty more of his compa- nions fell upon the new-comers, among whom they made dreadful slaughter; but they were all soon dispatched except Goemagot, whom Corineus, throwing aside his arms, challenged to a wrestling match; but a cornish hug from the Goliah of Cornwall, soon broke three of his ribs, two on his right side and one upon his left. This enraged Corineus to sucha degree, that he seized hold of this tre- mendous giant, “threw him over his shoulders as if he had been a hare, ran with him as fast as he was able for the weight to the next shore, nay,got even up to the top of a very high rock, and there hurled down the savage monster into the sea. The place. where he fell (adds Jeffery), is calied Goemagot’s- leap to this day.” Such is an outline of a part of the story which was gravely related by Jefiery of Monmouth, and firmly believed by those of our early historians who lived prior to the sixteenth century. But in proving the antiquity of Totnes, it is not necessary to have recourse to Jeffery of Monmouth; for at the survey of the kingdom made by order of William the Conqueror, according to Dooms-day - Book, it did not geld but when Exeter gelded, and it was to serve upon any ex- pedition by land or sea, asdid Barnstaple and Lidford. William gave it to the noble Norman Judael, who took from it his name “de Totoness,” (derived by Leland from Dodoness, a rocky town,) made it the principal seat of his barony, and erected a castle. From Judael it came .by the, Brewers, Brecoses, and Cantelupo Lord of Abergavenny, to the Lords Zouche, who repaired the castle, and made the town much more beautiful and strong. It continued in this family ull Jolin, Baron Zouche, being banished for siding with King Richard II. King Henry VII. gave it to Piers Edgcumbi,a _maan.of high birth and wisdom, whose fa- _mily, retained, it till the second, year of Queen Elizabeth, when Richard, Edg- Si8 ) cumbe, 310 cube, esq. conveyed the manor of the borough of Totnes to the corporation, on a reserved rent of twenty-one pounds per annum, payable to the owner of the cas- tle, reserving with this alienation, the ‘right of a burgess-ship to his heirs for ever. The castle now belongs to the Duke of Somerset, of whom it is rented by a private gentleman at a very small sum annually, on the condition of his opening it to any person who may wish ‘to see it. The town is'situated on the declivity of a steep hill, at the foot of which runs the river Dart. The castle stands at the top of the hill, and is built on a high ‘mound, evidently an artificial one; the -keep of the castle rises to a commanding height above the surrounding buildings, ‘and from its embrasures the views are ‘uncommonly beautiful and extensive. A ‘Jittle below the castle stands the church, erected A, 1). 14132, by Bishop Lacy; it is a fine Gothic building, but the interior of it has been sadly disfigured by modern ‘Improvements. A few years ago one of the pinnacles of the tower was thrown down by lightning, and falling on the church destroyed a considerable part of ‘the roof and the organ-loft. In repairing ‘jt, a light elegant gallery was erected, which ill accords with the venerable an- tiquity of the rest of the building ; but ‘perhaps this handsome gallery was placed there to countenance the altar which stands opposite to it; for over the altar there is thrown a light semi-dome, sup- ‘ported by fourCorinthian columns,decked with all the tinsel of Corinthian architec- ‘ture! The church-yard is very small, and only a part of it is used as a burial- ‘ground: already the soil formed almost -wholly of human bodies, rises at some “places, nearly to a level with the win- ‘dows of the church: that such a mass of “putrefaction, collected in so small a place, and in the midst of a populous town, must be injurious to health, ap- pears to be wholly discredited, else, wh not havea burial-ground at some distance ‘fromsthe town? ‘The tythes of the pa- ‘vish, which are very-productive, are, both great and small, Jay impropriations ; one -year’s’ produce of them would be quite \sufficient to purchase an excellent piece of groand for the purpose; the vicar’s “twenty marks woyld be bit a mite to be “taken from the whole sum. | einek -©\ Tn the charch-yard stands a large mo- “nument, erected by the celébrated” bib- -lieal éritic Dr. Kennicott, to the memory -of-his-parents, the inscription on it+s, Account of the Town of Totnes, in Devonshire. [Nov. 1, ‘¢ As virtue should be of good report, * sacred be this humble monument } to the memory of . Benjamin Kennicorr, parish-clerk of ToTNeEs: and Er1zazetu his wife: The latter, an example of every christian duty ! The former, animated with the warmest zeal, regulated by the best good sense ; and both constantly exerted for the salvation of himself and other Reader! soon shalt thou die also 5 and as a candidate for eternity, strike thy breast and say, Let me live the life of the righteous, that my last end may be like bis. Trifling are the dates of time, Where the subject is eternity. Erected By their son BENyamin KeNnNICcOTT, DD. Canon of Christ-church, OxForD. There is a beautiful simplicity in the former part of this inscription, but the latter part betrays a considerable degree of vanity; the dates of time are too tri- fling to be recorded, yet the more trifling honours bestowed by an university, are all carefully detailed. Dr. K. was a na- tive of Totnes, and received the rudi- ments of his education at the charity- school, of which, at a very early age, he ‘became the master; from this situation he was taken by the inhabitants of the town and sent to Oxford ; his attainments there are well known to every one who is acquainted with the history of the Bible. On the northern side of the church- yard is the Guild-hall, and adjoining to it the Free-school. The school was endowed early in the 17th century, by Sir Jobn Mainard, with the fee-simple of a tene- ‘ment valued then at. the yearly rent of ‘near forty pounds. Behind. where the school now stands, there once was «@ priory, founded’ by Roger Newman, who dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, and ‘placed init Cluniack monks. “ There are now three places of worship in the town, a church and two meeting- houses; one of the meetings professes high Calvinism ; the other, Unitarianism. Totnes was once'strrounded by walls, “as appears by the gate-ways ver mali BS it was mate a corporatioi by King ti ‘and ennobled wit many ifhinunities ‘by King Henry HT. Ir'is represented ih ‘parliament by’ two members, one of whom is chosen! by the free“will of ‘the, electors, tite other is*recymimended by ~ the ! \ 1808.} the Duchess of Boulton, who, if her right were questioned, would probably turn her water into a channel different from that through which it now flows, and thereby deprive the town ofa fine stream -which drives two sets of mills. The present members are, Mr. Adams and Mr, Hall; the former has been re- turned to four successive parliaments, and perhaps, if an election were to take place again immediately, and a hustings to be erected on the plains, and eyery in- habitant to be allowed to vote, Mr. Adams would again be chosen without a dissenting voice: to say as much of the member recommended by the Duchess, would be hazarding a very bold assertion, The right of voting is confined to the mayor, thirteen aldermen, and an unli- mited number of freemen. Vacancies in the body of aldermen, or as they are termed in the charter ‘‘ masters. and counsellors,” are to be replaced by the majority of aldermen and freemen, and the person chosen must be a resident merchant of Totnes. The mayor and aldermen have a right of creating as many freemen as they please; but at present the number is very small. The population of Totnes was found by the census taken in 1801, to be as follows: 295 houses, occupied by 576 families; 7 uninhabited houses: the number of inales 1042, of females 1461, total 2503 persons; of these 105 ouly were employed in agriculture, and 288 in trade, manufactures, &c. The manu- factures of the town, which are very small, are confined almost entirely to the fabrication of woollen goods, chiefly long ells for the East-India company. A little more commercial spirit might perhaps enable Totnes to regain some of that ‘commercial importance which it pos- sessed a few centuries ago; when, as tra- dition relates, an immense trade was car- ried on between this place and the south of France, principally in woollen goods: now nut a vestige of this trade is to be found. But though the commercial importance of Totnes may have been declining, the manners and morals of its inhabitants Wiave been rapidly improving. At the commencement of the 'rench revolution, and for sometime afterwards, party spirit occasioned cofitinual disputes ; now those disputes are alinost forgotten. As the mind becomes enlarged, man ceases to condenin his brother for adopting a creed different fronr his own, either in politics or religion. “Not a hundred years ago, the inhabi- tants of Totnes were famed for their ate Account of the Town of Totnes, in Devonshire. S11, tachment to the sports of bull-baiting and. cockfighting. Men and women more savage than their dogs; the rich as well as, the poor; derived ‘their most constant amusements, from the tortures of the bull, while the dog was hanging at its tongue; and the agonies of the cock, when lace- rated by the pointed steel with which, man had armed its fellow. ‘The fifth of. November used to be kept very consci-. entiously, partly as a hely day, and partly as a holiday. arly in the morning a bull was tied to the stake, and tortured till the sound of the bells called off the, bull-baiters to the house of God. Ins stantly it was announced that the bull would not be baited again till after prayer. Away ran the church-man to his church, and the presbyterian to his meeting, to offer up, with all speed, their. prayers and praises to the God of Mercy. This done, the bull was again fastened to the stake, and not relieved, except at intervals that, it might recover its breath ; till the cock- fizhting commenced, ‘The day was con- cluded’ with burning the Pope and the. Pretender, and making large sacrifices to. Bacchus, ‘hese were the amusements of all classes. i But in comparing the manners of the inhabitants of Totnes, at the beginning of the 18th century, with the manners of its inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century, a wonderful improvement will be perceived. Instead of the cruel sports which then afforded pleasure, the love of more mnocent and _ rational amusements has taken piace. Dancing, drawing, music, language, and the polite: arts, are more attended to by the better class of females ; while literature, science, and domestic pleasures, occupy the leisure. hours of their husbands and brothers. Perhaps the present inhabitants of Totnes may not unjustly be characterized, as charitable and humane, and in some instanees proud and ostentatious; fond of literary pursuits, yet much inclined to scandal; hospitable to the stranger who comes to them well recommended, but inaccesible to. the poor wight whom “nobody knows.” Of their charity, hu-. manity, and hospitality, a thousand in-— stances might he adduced; that they are attached to literary pursuits, the flou- rishing state of three’ book-societies evinces, into which novels are scarcely ever admitted ; and that their foudness for scandal is rapidly declining, may. bes inferred. from their improvement. in knowledge : for according to a celebrated writer, “ the love of scandal always pre-» vails in the circles of ignorance and fii volity, and diminishes in proportion x the 312: the cultivation of the intellect!” There are three circulating libraries in the town, eoinposed almost wholly of novels; but then the circulation of these novels is confined, with very few exceptions, to the lower classes, particularly of females, Totnes has no regular streets, no hand- some buildings, to boast of; nor are there any remains of the celebrated Roman foss-way, which Leland affirms, begun here; but the beauty of its situation is unrivalled. It is seated on the side of a hill inclining towards a fine country, and terminating in the transparent river Dart. From the bridge which crosses the Dart, the view, just before sunset, of an autum- nal evening, is uncommonly beautiful, On the south is an expanse of water, covered with pleasure-boats, barges, and coasting-vessels, and encircling a small island on which a number of fine elms display their dark-green foilage; then making a sudden turn the river disap- pears, and the hills which rise boldly from Its bed, terminate the view. On the north the river extends a considerable way, and is land-locked by slowly-rising fields, yellow with ripening ¢orn; while at adistance Haytor rocks, and the forest of Dartmoor appear, with their summits frequently above the light clouds which hover around their base. The town is seen on the western side, stretching up the ascent of the hill, with its tower sur- - rounded by trees, and the whole crowned by the ivy-covered keep of the castle. Such is Totnes, and it may not be im- proper to conclude these anecdotes, in the language of one of its most celebrated literati | “ Europe (says he) is the finest quar- ter of the globe; and no one can deny that England isthe finest part of Europe ; it is universally allowed too, that Devon- shire is the most beautiful county in England, and that Totnes is the prettiest town in Devonshire; and whoever has seen my little cottage will say, that there is no house in Totnes worthy to be com- pared with it!!” “Such is the patriot’s boast where’er we roam, His first, best country, ever is his home.” Your's, &c. Mitrorp Winpeair, Jun, Bridgetown, Sept. 27, 1808. ———— t For the Monthly Magazine. On the QUESTION whether SHAKESPEARE was the autTuon of the rPisTLes (rans- lated from oyiD. HIOUGH I have little time to spare, B the question concerning the author- ship of the translations from Ovid, of the On the Question whether Shakespeare was the [Nov. 1 ’ two epistles, “ Paris to Helen, and He- len to Paris,” necessarily occupies a pore tion of that little. Had they never been claimed as being Shakespeare’s in his life-time, the ques- tion. would have been of no great mo- ment. Of all the epistles of that charm- ing writer, they were the least worthy of translation. And even for those days, when the principles of translating were little understood in England, their merit is not such as to make us anxious con- cerning the author. Bat it is of impor- tance as it respects the character of Shakespeare, It appears, that ainong his undisputed poems, these translations were published by Jaggard, in 1609. In the same year, Heywood makes his claim: supported, as far as I can find, neither in the quotation by your corre- Sad nor by that of Dr, Farmer, in the “ first Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare,” but by his assertion only. This he does in a book entitled, “ Bri- tain’s Glory,” published by the very same Jaggard, I do not find that he then accuses Jaggard. But in 1612 he publishes an “ Apology for Actors,” and there, in an Appendix directed to his new prin- ter, Nic. Okes, he accuses his old one, Jaggard, of taking the two epistles of Paris to Helen, and Helen to Paris,* and printing them under the name of an- other.” i This Britain’s Troy, in which he ad- vances his claim to these translations, seems to have been the earliest’ of the many volumés which he published. In 1611, this voluminous writer published his “ Golden Age,” or the Lives of Ju- piter and Saturn, acted at the Red Bull, And in 1688, twenty*two years after the death of Shakespeare, the Rape of Lu- crece, also acted at the Red Bull. He is said to have been the author in part, or in the whele, of two hundred and twenty plays. ; Sometimes a question is not badly il- lustrated by supposing it to be the sub- ject of a trial at law: for although the rules of evidence as to admissibility, are, some of them, not such as to faci+ litate the general investigation of truth ; yet the general rules of the credibility of testimony, when admitted, are rules of plain justice and common sense. i ‘Suppose an information for a libel in accusing Jaggard as having know- ingly, falsely, and maliciously, published that Shakespeare was the author of these Cea anne aaa ae aS & See Farmer's Essay. i translations, 1808.) translations, and that Heywood had falsely claimed them; he knowing that Heywood was the author, and that Shakespeare had pretended to be so: and that Jaggard had justified that Shake- speare was the author. Here Hey- woea could have been evidence in sup- port of the prosecution: but without some other proof than his assertion, he would scarcely have been believed. Let it then be supposed that an issue is directed to try, whether William Shakespeare, or Thomas Heywood, be the author of these poems; and as such entitled to the copy-right. The chief difficulty would be, how Tho- mas Heywood, or any one claiming under him, could escape a nonsuit. For what would be the evidence to be left toa jury? Suppose Jaggard called, and no ob- jection to be taken on one side that he is interested ; on the other, that he is not bound to criminate himself. His tes- timony proves this: that he has published as Heywood’s, what he had previously in the very same year published as Shake- speare’s. _ Heywood, in his claim, states no cir- cumstance whatever to support it; re- fers to no one to whom he had read _ the translations, or who ‘had seen the mauu- scripts; does not even assert in general terms, that he has proof to bring forward in maintenance of his claim; and yet was not something of this kind fit and natural, when he denies the claim of an- other; and that other, Shakespeare? —adored, beloved, and esteemed, even in his own days; and who appears to have “borne his faculties so meekly,” that envy and detraction were overwhelmed by atfectionate respect. _ As I said before, it appears to me it would have been a Case for a mere non- suit against Heywood. It may be objected, but Heywood might have proof, which he might very properly nat communicate: still if not as to particulars ; why not at least so far as a general intimation? Shakespeare was in his fuli vigour of life, and of re- utation. He was then about forty-five. And the plays on which his immortal fame rests, had nearly all established themselves on the theatre. But it may be said, is it not strange that Shakespeare should have left behind him no contradiction ef Heywood’s ‘claim; if it were unfounded? Not very 6trange in a poet, who, as myuncle in bis edition has observed, left the noblest of his works as the ostrich leaves her eggs in the sand. Not strange too, bad he been more solicitous, that this should have Author of the Episiles translated from Ovid. 313 escaped him. It was not then the age of newspapers, of reviews, of universal com- munication. Seven years before, Shakes ‘speare had purchased the house which he made his favourite, and pevhaps almost constant residence to his death; which he repaired and improved, and named, “ New Place.” It may bejustly duubied whether, in his tranquil and happy re- tirement, he ever heard of Heywood's publication of them in 1609; or of his claim of themas his and his censure of Jaggard in 1612. Shakespeare’s vast trea- sures needed no such addition ; nor was he, who was so little anxious foi the most vatuable of them, a man to have plumed himself out in feathers comparatively of so little value. Had he been so unjust, and so weak and base, Johnson would not have said, “I loved the man and honour his memory, on this side idolatry, as much as any.” That he was capable of these translations—I mean that he had sufficient knowledge of Latin, we have no reason to doubt. His contem- poraries doubted nut. This we may well believe, as otherwise we should have heard it. Dr. Farmer, it is true, having a system which he had taken up, that Shakespeare had no Jearning, has taken for granted, on the bare assertion of Jag- gard, that Shakespeare was not the:aus thor of these translations. But I think this paper conveys sufficient reason for believing that Shakespeare was: without resorting to some portion of internal evi- dence, (though in a translation much less © was to be expected than would have been in an original,) from the diction and the monotony. If I were convinced that Shakespeare must have known that these translations were published in 1609, with his other poems, as his, I should have disdained to offer arguments in proof that they were not another’s. Troston, Carpet Lorrr. Sept. 20, 1808. EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ‘ 4 Bees present being an age characte- rized, not only by the various discos veries, and improvements, which have been made in every department of sci- ence, (extending the bounds of human knowledge to distances hitherto un known,) but also by the means which have been used by learned men of every description to facilitate the progress of the young student to the temple of know- ledge, we need not wonder at the number and variety of elementary works which have been published for these few years past, - $14 past, on all subjects of human specula- tion. In that space of time, the press has teemed with Grammars of all lan- guages, and Introductions to every art and science., This auspicious circum- stance undoubtedly forms a new era in the annals of philosophy, and ought to be regarded by every lover of his species, as a favourable presage of the much to be wished for, and long-expected, universal diffusion of human knowledge, and as a consequence thereof, the certain and pro- gressive amelioration of the human cha- racter, Whocan behold without emo- tion the numerous list of learned men who have relaxed from their iabours for the homely, perhaps irksome, yet lauda- ble, purpose of smoothing the rugged pathsof science to the yet unaccustomed fect of the youthful adventurer! Witness the attempts of a Watts, of a Lowth, of a Priestley, of a Turner, of a Clarke, of a Murray, of a Mavor, of a Goldsmith, of a. Watkins, of a Wanostrocht; of an Evans, of a Robinson, .and of a Blair, whase various elementary pieces adapted to the capacities of youth, call forth the warmest expressions of gratitude from every father of a family, from every lover of virtue, and from every friend to the real interests of mankind. The diffusion of useful knowledge among the different ranks of society, is not the only good effect resulting from the num- ber of hands employed in this laudable exercise, and the competition of talents excited thereby; but knowledge is ac- tually increased, fresh discoveries made, doubts resolved, difliculties elucidated, abstrusities simplified, and a shorter and miore effectual mode is struck out, for imitating the pupil into the arcana of science, It is an observation, which I think incontrovertibic, that almost every fresh writer on any particular art or sci- ence, although he may have much in common with bis contemporaries or pre- decessors; yet has always something original avhich distinguishes him from the rest, and renders his work of real utility to his fellow-creatures. And it. is cer- wainly requisite that it should be so, other- wise his works would be a pest, not a profit to society, and no proof of the su- periority, of his abilities, or in fact of their competency to the task he may have undertaken. From this view of the numbers of elementary works,and of their distinguishing differences, would it not be a thing much to be desired and worthy of the labour of any, who may have time, patience, andabilities, adequate to the purpose, to collect, as itwere, all these Hints for the Improvement of Grammars» [Noev. Ig scattered rays of human discovery, toge~ ther into one focus, or in other words to. combine the excellencies of every author on any particular subject, rejecting whatever may be deemed _ ineligible. Thus, might we not approximate to a perfect English grammar, and so on through all the languages, and in this manner go through the whole circle of arts and sciences? After having said much more than I intended, I beg leave to detail to you the circumstances which occasioned the snost of the foregoing ob-. servations. In a conversation, - lately, with one of my friends, on the defects, aud excellencies of some of our popular grammars, he informed me, that he was. then endeavouring to acquire a know- ledge of the Italian language, by means of a grammar which has generally been recommended as the best for the purpose ; and that is Galignani’s, edited by Mon- tucci, He had not made much progress before he met with an insurmountable obstacle to his farther advances in the the difficulty of ascertaining the gerder of the nouns in that language. Yet this difficulty would certainly vanish, howe- ver numerous the rules might be of the genders, were those rules but fairly stated and all their exceptions enumerated, But I am sorry to say, that there is hardly a grammar extant, of any language, with perhaps the exception of the Port-Royal Latin, that possesses this advantage, and indeed it does not seem to have been an object of any importance in the views of grammar writers and compilers to attain to this eminence. The same difficulty exists in the Gerinan and French lan- guages. Rules of genders only perplex, when they are not adequate, or, in other words, when the nouns excepted, are more in number than those which the rule embraces, or when the exceptions are not given at fulllength, When a learner, in making his exercises, has occasion to use a noun whose gender he is not ac- quainted with, and cannot determine it by a reference to the rules, by reason of the exceptions not being detailed, he ei- ther stumbles in the dark by guessing at it, or else he is obliged, every time he is in doubt, to consult his dictionary, which is not only extremely troublesome, but very often fruitless, (many dictionaries not always indicating the genders, which is the case with several German ones,} and on the whole a wasteful loss of time, which might have been applied to a much better purpose. With such obstacles he’ turns away from his exercise with disgust, and perhaps with a resolution never more 1808:] more to resume it, from an opinion that his object is unattainable. Even these difficulties would have been rendered ra- ther tolerable to my friend, had Dr. Mon- tucci, in the manner of Wanostrocht marked the gender of the nouns, or even oily where exceptions occurred. ‘This isa very great defect, in a work, which professes to be calculated for such as would wish to learn that language with- out the help of a master; and I hope I shall be excused taking the liberty of re- commending to Dr. Mentucci, or any fu- ture editor of it, to supply this defect, as well as to imcrease the quantity of exer- cises. In the mean time, my friend not being able to make any farther progress in his attempt, would be much obliged to any of your numerous contributors to acquaint him with any other Italian gram- mar or exercise-book, which would fur- nish him with that desirable particular. It is astonishing to mé, that grammars of other languages have not been formed on the planof Deletanville’s French and Eng- Kish Exercises, which are calculated for the use of such as are desirous of making French, without the help of any other grammar or dictionary. The peculiarity of this practical grammaris, that, through- out, the learner’s understanding is never anticipated, nor is he supposed to he ac- quainted with any part of speech, till it has been explained to him. Each part ‘of speech being separately. treated of therein, its formation is first shewn; then its use; the order in which it is to be ranged is pointed out; afterwards the whole is exemplified in short sen- tences ; and lastly English exercises are printed in one column, in order to be translated into French, according to the rules that are before laid down, with a dictionary in the other, containing the French for those exercises, and explaining the nature of every word. As a work adapted for practical utility, 1 think it is sans pareil.: “In relation to the above subjects I beg leave ‘to express how much obliged T am to the defatigable pen of Dr. Wa- nostrocht for his numerous publications for the use of young people, and particu- Jarly for bis practical Latin grammar. It has however one defect, which is, the “wait of akey. In endeavouring to’ read my Latin, I have found thisito-be a’ great fiindrance. “At the recommendation of the Monthly Reviewers, Dr. Montucci ‘sappliedia similar defect in a subsequent ‘edition'of his (taliawyranmare 2) And here 1 would wish to-ask any of 1a tara Query relative to the Polygraphic Ait. 315 your numerous readers whether any dic- tionary, either of the English, French, Italian, or German, languages has been published on the plan of Salmou’s Stem- , mata Latinitatis, a work which I thinkin- estimable,and only to be duly appretiated but by an experience of its uses. In one of your former numbers, £ think an English one, on a similar plan was an- nounced, if Tam not mistaken, by Mr. Booth. Should be glad to know when it is likely to be published. Hoping you willexcuse my taking up so much of your room, I remain, Your's, &c. Greenwich, Titomas Fewster, September 28, 1808. i To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ix the obituary of the Freemason’s Magazine for March, 1797, I find the following account of the death 6f the inventer of the polygraphic art, Me, Joseph Buoth, and also some hints re- specting that important discovery. 1 should be glad to be informed, through the channel of your truly respectable publication, whether the process. em- ployed by Mr. Buoth is now known, or whether it died with him, and if so lost, what is the supposed means he used to obtain copies from originals, so exact as I have seen some done by him; but if the secret is known at this time to any one, why is it not now practised? Any information relative to this discovery of Mr. Booth’s, will be esteemed a favour conferred on, Sir, Your constant reader, Bedfordshire, R. R-—-p: Sept. 12, 1808. © “ Lately, in Cumberland Gardens, Vauxhall, Mr, Joseph Booth, the ingeni- ous inventor of the polygraphic art, and of the more important art of manufac- ‘taring cloth by a perfectly original pro- cess, “ Mechanical invention is one of the great pillars that support the grandeur of the British constitution. It was reserved tor Mr. Booth, the inventor of the poly- graphic art, to apply mechanical inven- ‘tion, and particularly thé power of che- mistry, to. the diffusion; perpetuation, and in some respects the improvenient, of the most generally pleasing and capti- vating of the iberaiarts. This ingenious artist actually invented a method of mul- tiplying pictures in oil, colours, with all the properties @f the original paintings, » whether ‘ ‘ 316 Papers relative to the Established Church in Ireiand. [Nov. 1; whether in regard to outline, expression, size, variety of tints, and other circum- stances, without any touch or finishing by the hand, and without any injury to the painting. By means of this chemi- eal process are produced ‘such exact copies, as cannot, without difficulty, be distinguished from the achetype, and possess all the qualities,and produce the full effect of the most finished. paintings, while the price at-which they can be de- livered to the public 1s commonly under the tenth part of the price of the ori- ginal.” L = To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SIR, OUR Magazine having recorded at different times several valuable reports and returns, us presented to the houses of parliament, which otherwise would not have been attainable, however desirable by the greater part of your rea- ders, I send you for insertion a copy of Various queries, as sent by the late secre- tary of state, Earl Spencer, to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, for his distribu- bution amongst the: established clergy of that country, together with the returns made thereto from the different dioceses, as well as the answers and observations made thereon,from the bishops. At atime when so much argument and discussion has been made on the state of the sister kingdom, particularly that of the esta- blished clergy, it is presumed the re- cord of the inclosed will be found ex- tremely interesting. In consequence of a letter from Earl Spencer, to the Lord Lieutenant of Ire- land, dated June, 1806, the following queries were addressed by the several archbishops to the bishops in their re- spective provinces, viz. 1. What is the number, and what are the denominations of the ‘benefices in your diocese? 2. How many - parishes are compre- hended in each benefice, and what are the denominations ? 8. Are the parishes contiguous to, or how far distant from, each other ? 4. What is the estimated extent of such as are contiguous ? 5. When were the parishes united into one benefice, and by what authority? 6. Should such union be continued or dissolved, or would any other distribution of the parishes, comprehended within any union, be expedient? 7. Has the incumbent cure of souls in all parts of his benefice? 4 8. How many churches are there in. each benefice, what are their present condition, and in which of the parishes do they stand? 9. State the names of all the incum- bents. : 10. Where does each incumbent re- side? 11. What cause is there for the non- residence of suchas do not reside? 2. By whom are the duties dis- charged? 13, Is there any glebe-house within the benefices ? ) _ 14. In what parish is the glebe-house situated ? 5 15. What glebe-lands belong to the benefice? 16. Are they contiguous to, or how far removed from, each ether ? 17. How near are they to the church, or in cases where there is no church in repair, how near are they to- the scite of the old church? 18. What livings are in the different dioceses of a value too small to afford to resident incumbents the means of com- fort, and by what mode may the condi- tion of each be improved ? : 19. Whatis the allowance now given to curates in case of permitted non-resi- dence of the incumbent, and the num- ber of curates, resident or non-resident, upon their cures ? 20. What is the best method of re- medying-the evil in each particular cure of non-residence? 21. What are the powers which now exist of enforcing residence, or which it may be necessary to recommend to the legislature to provide for the purpose? 22, What 1s the best mode of apply- ing such funds as are now. applicable, or hereafter may become so, to the pur- pose of building or repaizing of churches, or vlebe-houses, or the iaprovement of | glebes, or otherwise ? 23.What regulations appear to be pro- per to be established by law, or other- wise, to prevent unions, perpetual or episcopal, from being henceforth. impro- perly made, and to,,,preserve churches and glebe-houses from dilapidation, when there are more than one in the united parishes ? 24. What can be suggested, in addi- tion to the: foregoing queries, for the im- provement, protection, and support, of the church. of Ireland ?s/) yicin i) ors The following is an. abstract.of the answers as received from the diflerent bishops :-— bath DIGCESE; 1808.] Papers relative to the Established Church in Ireland. DIOCESE. Derty - - - - Raphoe - = - = - ~ = - - Clogher Sr re tee A Me ea oe ae ee ee 151.28 peli le al eetC. oo a eke ra tae Down and Connor - - -.- = Ardagh - - - - - - - - - Armagh Dublin and Glondelagh - - - - Ll huh ea er re ie ga a ‘Leighlinand Ferns - - - - - Ossory - - - - = = Waterford and Lismore - - - - _DiCT Le él A RL RR ST LET TR PTY MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS. sketcu of the BIOGRAPHY Of CHARLTS GRIGNON, ESQ. an eminent ARTIST, who died at Lecuonn in 1804, of a malignant FEVER, on his RETURN from ROME, after @ RESIDENCE Of many YEARS: accompanied wilh REMARKS On others, his CONTEMPORARIES, who never lived lo return. By GEORGE CUMBERLAND, esq. T has always appeared to me that the best use we can make of some of the leisure moments of life, is to dedicate then to the pleasing and no less useful employment of recording the merits of departed genius; for whilst it gratifies harmless curiosity, it is doing as we would be done by also, aind seems to-be a grate- ful and rational offering to the dead, at the saine. time that it presents a moral lesson of impartiality to our contempo- raries. Influenced, therefore, by such feelings, ermit me to offer your miscellany the abours of an evening at an inn at Rea- ding, which otherwise would, be passed in anxious longings after my peaceful home, on returning from an unusaal ab- sence; that thus, by. the harmless magic of thoughts and words, | may at once refresh the ashes of neglected talents, shorten my ow suspense, and perform the dary of a surviving friend. Many years are now gene by since I had thes happiness in the city of Rome, for several winters, to partake of the agreeable society of as annable a set of - artists as this istand ever produced, A few of them returned home, and are still living an honour to the country that raised them ; but others, cunscivus that the state of publit taste was, at that time, incapable of appreciating studies that had the res- ‘ 4 finements of the best ancients for their object, after secklag, in vain, that pa- tronage which alone could bave supporte ° : PP ed them in honeur in their native coun- try, lingered on the ‘plains of Latium until the customs and fascinating lan- guage of the natives made them a spe- cies of captives to the arts and elegancies of Italy; and tempred by the peaceful * abodes of the museums‘of venerable art, the charms of music, painting, and sculp- ture, the hilarity induced by a fine cli- mate, the iwdependence which plenty offers, the urbanity of the inbabitants, the suavity, the simplicity that invites and detains; they at length formed con- nections that could not easily be dis- solved, and at length perished on a fo- reign land, neglected, and almost for- gotten, Three of these active students, that are now no more, f knew particularly well, having often been grieved to think how little their nation knew them, and that it has been their unhappy fate to go to the grave without an eulogium; for Deare, Robinson, and Crignon, well de- served to be remembered by their coun- try. Of the first and second T am as yet unfurnished with materials to afford @ decent sketch of their biography, although possessed of abundance of proofs of their zéal for, and abilities in, the fine arts: for the present, thelefore, | must postpone what [ wish to say of them, and contine my lucubrations to the pleasing task of recording what I know of the worth and acquiremenis of the third; the melan- choly, sensible, and gentlemanly Grig- non! aman who united great prudence with great taste, respectable abilities with - * Joshua Reynolds, 18C9.] _with real modesty, infinite patience with grand couceptions, and who added to them all, probity, honourable delicacy, and natural politeness. Such a charac- ter ought not, i think, to be buried in oblivious forgetfulness, aud if afew hours thus spent will rescue his memory, you wil, Tain sure, readily open a pagefor this hasty sketch in the records uf your _ Monthly enrablatures. Charles Giignon, son of Thomas Grig- non (a inathematician and_horologist of untivalled excellence), has been said to date his descent from the illustrious Ademare (who, agreeable tu the. custom of France, the lords ship of Grignon, assumed that name). Ie was born in.1754, in Russel- street, Covent-sarden, and very early in life miapifested a strong predilection for the fine arts, by copying, ac seven years of age, some prints of Llogarth so excel- leutly, as to attract the notice of Sir At fifteen, he gained the honorary silver pallet from the So- ciety of Arts, for the best drawing of the human figuie; having, at thirteen years _of age, been pinced by his reflecting fa- ther: asa pupil with ¢ hat correct draughts- aman, Cypriani, of whom he was at ail tinies “ favourite elewe. On the 9th of August, 1769, he was admitted a student of the Royal Aca- demy; and in 1780, he contended for the gold medal given for the best histori- cal painting, and vained it with great an- plause, having fuurtecn or fifteen coniue-~ titors. The subject was the Choice of Ifercules, from the Greek of Prodicus; and to make his- picture more classical, he divested it of ail emblematical allu- sions, except the club. On these occasions 2 trial sketch is al- ways made, in the presence of the presi- dent and counci!; and thet no previous assistance may be obtained from those more experienced, the subject is not ane, nounced till the student 1s catled before them. The trial sketch was the Angels appearing to Abraham, when they pro- mised him a son-in his old age. Sir Jo- shiua Reynolds chose it, and Grignon ac- quitted himself much to his saustaction, After this he was sent aut, under the auspices of the Academy, for ‘Caran years study in Rome, where hie soon executed a large histor’ ical. co mposition of the at- tack on Captain Coukby the natives of the island ‘oh Owyhice, on February 4, 4779, having skeiched the whole sccery fiom the deseriprion of Lieutenant Mar- gist, who wis on shore at the time when Memoirs of Charles Grignon, Esq. on becoming « possessed of 549 that dreadful lesson was given to circum- navigators, who too often, under the in-, fluence of the insolence of power, trifle with the feelings bf men in a state of sa- vage freedom, forgetting that the inhe- rent right of possessicn uf soil and coun- try is eugravena on thew hearts with doa- ble energy, and that consequently inva- sion and personal injuries are felt by them with enthusiastic indignation, Grignon, i in this picture, chose the mo- ment previous to that fatal catastrophe, three of the party being killed, others wounded, and Captain Cook in the atti- tude of attempting to undeceive the islanders: and he bestowed so much study on it, that but for the repeated en- treaties of lis friend the Abbate Grant, who never ceased drging him to put the finishing hand to the canvas, it would never, perhays, have been compleated ; for his style of painting led him into sac nice criticisms, that the advancement ef his designs was often retarded by them; and thus it happened, that his erand work, undertaken under the patronage of Tord Clive, was even, L believe, at his death unfinished, and at this day proba- bly remains in his study at Rome. The subject of this ‘noble picture was from the pe vet Esehylus—Pronictheus chained to the Rock, a prey to Vultures, Mercury, the Nymphs, &c. “To render this subject worthy of his patron and jim. self, [ well remember that all the mu- seams were ransacked, old prints studied, Mr. Deare’s fine selections selected, and, abose all, the Maente-Cavallo Colossus daily perused, a namber of sketches made, and cach submitted in turn to Deare’s inspection, of whose opinion he stood in awe; it was even modelled in clay, and at last, when the outline of the principal figuce was got in on the large canvas, a score of pentimenti marked his indecision and anxiety. The finished study was however coim- pleted, and the public will learn with pleasure, that after twice suffering qua- rantine, at Leehora and London, it at length rests in the hands of his brother, in the house of their late father, in Rus- sel-street, Covent-sarden, an evident mo- nument of C, Girignon’s great taste, ta- lents, and indastry. Here also will be found another finish- ed study of Homer reeiting bis Poems at the Tomb of Achilles; a picture be- spoken by Lord Berwick, and which, like the Prometheus, was slso to have its figures larger even than the life; bit, in consequence of the first French revolu- tionary 550 tionary inroad into Italy, when he thought it unsafe to stay, they were left in his ¢ study, in the Vineyards, where he occu- * pied the house of Raiael, as thinking that spot more secure than the city of Rome. This old vineyard-house I well temember, and have often designed; and had not Cardinal Doria bought it, should have been myself the purchaser when, in 1786, it was offered to sale for only 3000 scudi, with its capacious vine- yard. he situation is delightful, the front facing the villa Borghese, whose pines shade it in ‘the morning; the back looking towards the villa Medicis, and ‘the whole distance not a quarter of a mile from the Porto-del-Popolo. Unfor- tunately, the cardinal, not possessing a due degree of taste, had the ground laid out immediate ly into what the underta- kers told him was an English garden, but *which only fcebly resembled some of the tea-places about London, without even the addition of yellow gravel, grass, or water, excepting a ditch or two with fairy bridges over them.—But to return to my subject: Besides tsese orders, be received from Lord Clive, when in Italy, on both bis tours, the most marked kindnesses, bis lordship taking bim in his own carriage through the finest’ part of the country, shewing him every polite at- tention, and making him reside with him whenever he stopped. Mr. John Renn, also, of Stoke Park, near Windsor, was a kind and good friend to our young artist, who executed for him drawings of the most celebrated Greek marbles, of a Colossal size, or at least as large as the originals; in which -the character is as highly marked as to give muclr of the energy of the antique. For Lord Clive were also executed two very clever drawings; a pastoral, anda tragic subject; one of which represented the fataletfects of a Roman quarrel, near the Porto-deél-Popolo, in which the scene isa portrait of the spot, and some of the fivurcsare'said to be correct likenesses of tie individuals concerned. ‘These were engraved by Sviron in the dotted man- ner. Phe one entitled the Colteilata, the other the Salterello, where a party at the Borghese-villa are executing that favou- rite luxurious dance. They were both published, and dedicated to bis noble pa- tron, of whose sister he painted a whole length, fur which he received ample re- Muueration; and had not the war inter- fesed, it was intended that he should take all the costumes of Italy, for which nv one could possess better abilities, his Memoirs of Charles Grignon, Esq. [Jan. ‘1, outline being exquisitely correct, and his knowledge of anatomy, as his drawings will testify, very considerable. When I was in the habit of seeing him almost daily, his chief study was the antique, and composition, but latterly landscape. The effects of light and skies made a considerable portion of his studies; even botanical designs will be found in his port-folio; and that he aimed at universal excellence, all who knew him know, Among other studies, now in his bro- ther’s possession, in Seppia and Indian- ink, are lis Ulysses and Leucothea ; but I do not find that he painted them for any one. Compelled to quit Rome at a time when thousands of people were flying in every direction to avoid the French ar- miés, he and Mr. Fagan, now living, hired a carriage, and a waggon to take their pictures, and having purchased the two Altieri Clauds, so much talked. of, made the best of their way to Nap'es, where they found the whole court i the utmost consternation, and ready to em- bark on-board the Vanguard, Lord Nel- son, for the island of Sicily. Grignon now applied to his cousit, Captain Wal- ler, of the Emerald, to take him, his fr iend Mr, Fagan, aud their case of pic- tures, with which request the captain very readily complied; but the next day the Emerald’s destination’ was altered! Captain Hope, of the Alemar, now offer- ed him a passage, but his ship also had her destination “changed! and thus situ- ated, they were obliged to coutent them- selves with such accommodations as they could procure on board an armed Neapo- jitan polacca, and were cooped in a small cabin, with thirty or forty emigrants. On the 21st of December, 1798, a very vio- lent storm commenced, which nearly car= tied the masts of the V anguard by the board; and but for the exertions of two- or three English sailors, the Neapolitan vessel had certainly gone to the bottom, with the two artists, and a large collec- ‘tion of pictures, in the purchase of which they had embarked a considerable sum, the fruits of years of industry, and un- remitting labour; for during the storm, the mariners had gone below to their prayers, and left the vessel to the care of Prov idence, and the mercy of the waves. On his arrival at Palermo, Grignon be- came acquainted-with Captain Richard- _ son, who had distinguished himself at Aboukir, under Lord Nelson, when in the Leander; and finding he intended taking 1809.] taking his passage to England on board a small armed vessel, he prevailed on the captain to take charge of his pictures, In twenty-one days they arrived at Fal- mouth, from Palermo, owing to Captain Richardson’s ‘skill and seamanship, da- ring'which voyage he outstripped many fast-sailing French vessels of greater force, that chaced him. Being, how- ever, in such extreme haste, Mr. Grig- non neglected to give Captain Richard- son an account to whom the pictures “vere consigned, only, on a scrap of pa- per, informing his brother that the two Clauds were among them, which note the Captain brought him the moment he re- turned from W indsor, where he first went to lay his dispatches before the, king. Thus they were rescued, the Clauds having been actually put up to sale at Falmouth, and nearly sold, for about 5001. Afterwards Mr. Long, of Lincoln’s-inn-fields, a friend of the ar- tist, took charge of them, and exhibiting them in his drawing-room, they were very soon after disposed of, with four small pictures of eminent masters, for the enormous sum of 7000 guineas! afford- ing at once a proof of the wealth of the country, and the weakness of its collec- tors, for these landscapes were never cx- pected by their proprietors to procure half that money; and it is well known that one of them is a very inferior per- formance, and the other by no means to be ranked among the best works of the master. Their size, their having been painted for the family, and their situa- ation, had procured them a celebrity far beyond their merits; and, in fact, the best pictures of that delightful colourist are not those upon the largest scale, as the late Lord Lansdown’s and many others will shew. : This visit to Palermo was the happy occasion of Mr, Grignon’s being intro- duced to that great hero, Lord Nelson ; who, on his mentioning his anxiety about the cases of pictures, with a goodness and enthusiasm peculiar to himself, exclaim- ed, Grignon, this is a national concern, and calling for paper, instantly wrote to the governor of Gibraltar, to give Lieu- tenant Galway, of the Tigre Polacca, a convoy ; this happened at Sir W. Hamul- ton’s table. Qn the 7th of February, 1799, Mr. Grignon had the honour of Lord Nelson’s sitting to him for his portrait, at Palermo, in’ Sicily ; the pencil bigh-finished study Pe which picture is now 1n his brother's 3 ‘ Memoirs of Charles Grignon, E'sq. 551 possession, and is accounted ¢ one of the vost dignified and expressive likenesses of that brave admiral. With this there are two exquisite drawings i in pencil, also of Lady Hamilton, in attitudes the most noble that can be ‘imagined ; 3 and that he availed himself industriously of the op- portunities which he had of studying from a contour of such superior beauty, abun- dance of his designs amply testify. At Palermo, he became intimately ac- quainted with Mr. Joseph Littledale, a navy agent, whose friendship was'his in- ducement to embark on the 10th of August, 1799, on board the Economy, Captain Greaves ; they arrived at Leg- horn the ist of August; here he re- mained four years, happy. in his friends, and studious, as well as furtupate. In his Diary we read, June 8, 1800, “ Lord Nelson’s flag was this day hoisted on board the Foudroyant. I dined oa board the Vanguard on the 7th, on board the Foudroyant, the 8th.” At this dinner, he doubtless conceived the most admirable compositions, «llezo- rically, to commemorate Lord Nelson’s victories; on which beghas exhibited his classical taste, combined with a just appreciation of the value of the antigte, and the force of close studies from nature, They, with others, were received a year after his death, by his family, being an abundant collection, not only of his own studies, but ef many of his contem= porary friends, whose talents he admired; such as Deare, Woodford, Rebinson,’ Fagan, &e. and are a permanent monu- ment of his indefatigable exertions of both mind and hand; for taking them as a selection of accurate studies, and tra= cings from drawings from the most cele- brated statues, basso-relievos, and bronzes, in Rome, they are invaduable to all ge- huine artists. OF tracings of these studies, the author of this paper also has many, as well as- of others by Deare, Robins on, and Mr. Woodford, who tanked high im the opi- nion of each: member’ of this friendly group of industrious students; and to whom alone Deare, that great draughts- man and sculptor, would. sometimes de-' fer; for it was a custom that continued very long for the writer of these pages to go frequently to the villas with these. able men, and generally twice a week to make mutual tracings at the study of the sculp- tor, whose ready lamp, and generous in- structions were freely offered with a zeal and 352 znd impartiality, that would have done honour to a Michael Angelo. And here let me pauseand drop atear over the recollection of an artist, whose good nature, hilarity, generosity, and candour, could only be equailed by his delicate taste, profound knowledge, exquisite skill, and unrivailed exertions: a man, that, had he been encouraged to come liome, or kindly treated by those who sent him out, would have reflected ho- nour on the artof sculpture; for he made a distiict study of every part of his art, and was as recherché in hair as in drape- ry, as great in drawing aud modelling as ‘sculpture, wholly devoted to fume, free- dom, and the arts; nor wall it be cousi- dered as a slight proof of the fact, when I mention that the inimitable Canova be- held his productions with respect, and that even good painters came to him for advice and correction. _» Such a one was Deare, whose chief works went to France, and whose chisel is scarcely known in England, except in Sir Richard Worsley’s collections, where his Marine Venus will shew a hand, that when alone disclosed, has often been even among artists taken for an an- tique. ‘But where should I stop if I were to ga on to enumerate all the amiable and ‘clever men which Rome has withheld from their country by her fascinations ? the gentle Robinson of elegant taste ; the cheerful good generous-hearted [few- itson;.the gay Durna, of grand concep- tions the constant owner; the genric manly Hamilton, and his ingenious name- sake, of parents and husbands the model of kindness; with many others, now no more! Let me therefore return to the subject of these short memoirs, lest L should obtrude too much ov your varied publication, and go on to speak of other works of his, which partly, itmay be said, Jed to his hasty dissolution, and affecting loss. Whilst waiting at Leghorn to collect his. studies and etfects, he purchased a picture of merit from the altar-piece of a church there, and engaged, at the same time, to paint, for the guardians of it, another to replace it .from his own de- signs. The subject he chose was that of Elisha ascending in the chariot of fire - into. the Heavens, while the son of the prophet, with extended arms, is catching the falling mantle ; Jordan winds in the back-ground with great sublimity and grandeur; the cartdon was finished in Meioirs of Charles Grignon, Esq. ‘ Fhaaad; black chalk, in a, great manner, but be was not destined to live to finish the pic- ture; for the 29th of October, 1804, he was seized with a malignant fever, then raging in Leghorn, died on the 4th of November, aiter only four days illuess, and was, the next day buried, in the ground of the English factory, by his in- timate firend the Rev. Mr, Lal, chaplain Lo the establishment. At that tine the fever was carrying off a great many people every day, iInso- much, that, frown an idea of its being cou- tagious, people greatly avoided each other, and many went up to Pisa to be _out of the way of its attacks ; to this step he was advised by his friends, but, at- tached to the studies he had collected, he had not the resolution to move, and taking leave of Mr. Littledale, (who escaped it by going away), he then had the feveron him without perceiving it, observing, that “it was only a bead-ach.” Mr. Littledale died of the same species of bilious fever, at Berbice, in South America, precisely that day three years. But for this fatal attack he would” soon hive returned, and reaped the ho- nours he had so well deserved from his country ; for having in general possessed good health, the fruits of great tempe- rance, at fifty he might have expected to display the vigour of talents renovated by an agreeable change, and, having acquir- ed a decent competence,, te have en- joyed it with satisfaction “ at home at last!” Here be would probably have finished his designs for Milton, which he had begun for Sir Corbet Corbet, and which, if we may. give credit to the judg. ment of Dr. Clarke, who saw them/at Rome, were far advanced, and very va~ luable. As a judge of old masters, he would also have been a great acquisition to thuse who have the good sense to col- lect,with the assistance of the artist’s-eye, for a judgment more matured could not easily be obtained; his long residence having given him time to correct those ervors by which our early opinions. are always accompanied, whilst, his known probity, and stern principles of justice would have secured his friends from beé- ing the dupes of the manufactures of stippled old copies of great masters, where often nothing is left but the ge< neral forms, and general systern of co- louring. they ave laid bare and naked to the eye of the meanest mechanic in oil-painting, by the dotting process of repairs, are often Such pictures, in proportion as: ow OE —— 1809.] often in a like degree rendered astonish- ing to the wealthy, but ignorant dilet- tanti, and are venerally augmented in price in proportion to their worthiless- ness. ‘To hasten that day, now fast ap- proaching by our improving knowledge, when such works will be all swept away to the lumber-rooms of oblivion, by the descendants of certain modern collectors, and when men who knew nothing of art will be content to ornament their houses with the best works of the best-appreci- ated artists of their time, is scarcely worth the pains the thankless task weuld cost; I shall therefore content myself with rejoicing, that, notwithstanding our lass in Grignon, we have at home, among many excellent judges, whom f{ have not the honour to know, « Woodford and a Howard, on whose opinions much reli- ance may be placed; and that if Irvine and Fagan ever return with their pro- found professional experience, I shall at least know four men, whom, if Raflael were to come from the shades, and want- eda jury to decide on the originality of his works, he would be contented to se- lect as impartial arbitrators. Here i meant to conclude this hasty sketch (which were I to detain long enough to copy and prepare in a manner more fit to meet the public eye, would probably never reach your press at all), when a recollection of another great ta- Jent of my departed friend occurs to me as worthy of being recorded, Possessing incomparable powers as. a caricaturist, which he executed on principles laid down in a manuscript, that I hope soon to be able to send yeu, a sort of club was established, a book opened, and a secre- tary elected many years back, whose of- fice it was to propuse to all artists, or lovers of the arts, as they came to Rome, to become members; which only con- fisted in the ceremony of allowing their caricatures to be inserted in the club- book, ayainst which the worthy Abhate » Leonetu (who Tam -happy to say still lives the friend of the English nation), was to insert three or four lines in [ta- ian, of bis own composition, somewhat @ativical, but only expressive of the weak Memoirs of Charles Grignon, Esq. 553 side of the character described. In this book, by general consent, Grignon was the designer, and although we all were allowed the liberty of retaliation (andl well remember caricaturing the carica- turist), yet none were permitted to be put on record but his. This book was saved, or at least a great part of it, from the double quarantine that his papers suffered, and I very lately had the plea- sure, by favour of bis relations, to see, like a new phantasmagoria, the expres- sive shades of a number of artists who are gone by, with others that still enjoy fame both at home and abroad. This confidence did honour to his im~ partiality, and those who knew them must allow that they were all fair, though all more or less ridiculous; neither did [ ever hear of any one that complained, except Mr. Moore, the painter of land- scapes; and this will not be wondered at when we recollect that it was he who placed his own whole length in the Gal- lery at Florence, where Raffael is con- tented with, barely spewing his sublime countenance, That he also possessed great prudence, sense, and judgment, will be manifested by the fact that when, in consequence of two Corsican spies, in our pay, breaking parole, all the English residents were or- dered into custody at Leghorn by Gene- ral Berthier, I think about 1802, Grig- non was excepted; and on his waiting on the genera! to express his fears, the gene- ral replied with great urkanity, “ You need not, Mr. Grignon, be under the Ieast apprehension; yourself and pro- perty are perfectly safe; you have al- _ ways conducted yourself with great pru- dence and propriety, and we do not make war with the arts.” The artist bowed, returned to his house to pursue his profession, and, like Parinegiano, received nothing from the invading soldiers but their admiration. _ He was about five feet six, well pro- portioued, with a countenance of great expression; humane, studious, but slow in bis studies, and rather inclined to me- lancholy. Extracts f 554 J] [Jan. ty Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Lettie : [Communications to this Article are always thankfully received. ] Sa ADAM AND EVE. T js curious to trace the legendary ac- eounts of our primeval parents. In the GoldenLegend, black letter, fol. 2. ed. Ja. |. Notary, 2 anav 1503. “ Adam gather (Eve) a name like as her lorde, a: id say’d she shall be called Virago, * whieli is as ‘ moche asto say, as made of man.” The serpent was erect, and had a woman’s countenance; venom was put in his mouth, and his voice taken away after the fall. Eve talks Latin to Adam. Adam expected to find a wile among the monkies, or animals like’ man, not that any person was to be created on purpose for him. ‘The earth was cursed, but not the water. Adam was created as a man of thirty years of age. He taught his sons to pay tithes. Cain was a plough- man; and his offerings were weeds and thorns. Impotency was Adai’s privi- fege, in Paradise. . Our Lorde in cursing Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, “ began at the serpent, repynge an order and con- gruc number of curses.” When Adam was about to die, he sent Seth, his son, into Paradise, to fetch the oil of mercury, when he received “certayne graynes of the fruite of the tree of mercury, by an angel. And when he came agayne, he founde his fader Adam, yet alive, and told him, what he had’ done, and thenne Adam Jawghed first and thenne deyed. And thenne he layde the graynes or kernelles under his fade:’s tongue, and buryed hym in the vale of Eborn, and out of his mouth grewe thre trees of the thre granes of which the crosse, that our Jorde suffred his passyon was made, by the vertue of whiche he gat every mercy, and was brought out of derkeuess into the very light of Heaven.” fol. ii.6. This story is Tetold in the Antiquarian Repertory and other works: but the Legend has the candour to say of this anecdote, “ that it is of none authoritye”’ However, it was a curious composition to read in the church, there being much indelicacy in parts of it. The breeches Bible, how- ever, outdoes the Legend: that only says, they sewed figleaves together “ in maner of breeches,” fol. 1. 6;—not absolutely made themselves breeches, as the Bible. Toe story in Milton, of the Angel’s show- ing the future history of the world to Adam, is taken from the same events ex- hibited to Adam, in his trance, while God touk one of his rybbes (voth fleshe and bone, carefully, adds the Legend,)vand made the woman. Eve, it seems, did not believe a word about death being the consequence, of eating the forbidden fruit “ leest happely we deye, whiche she sayd doubtinge,” and then comes her character, “ for lyghtly she was flexible tu every parte ;” nor is this the worst part of it, for when “ our Lord sayde to the woman, Why dydest thou so ?—neyther she accused herself, but ley Yara sin on ° the serpent, and pryvely she leyde the faute in the maker of him.” This is not the first slander of our general mother: many writers gravely aflirming, that the devil took the form of a handsome young man, and the learned are well acquainted with the indelicate etceteras, attached to the story. ‘The serpent, according to the Legend, was very ill used: for it says, that God did‘not demand him, “ for he dyde it not of hymself, but the devy!l by him ;” not very consistently follows, that he synned most in being a very envious fellow, and telling stories. The punish- ment of child- bearing was inflicted upon Eve, because she synned in fruit, and ° Adam was to gain his bread by labour, because his ‘sin consisted imeating! At his expulsion, Adam was sent back to Damascus, because God made him at that place. After the passage about teaching his sons to pay tithes, the Le- gend with great care and solemnity, as- serts of the passage, “ It isto be byleved.” Cain, after he had committed his marder, “damned himself,” but the Legend does not add, whether in the modern form, as a fool, or what. In an Arabian manuscript, of which an account is given in the Notices des MSS. Du Roi. ii. 50 Mahomet puts a question, “what quantity Eve ate of the fruit of the forbidden tree?” And in the same work, xi. p. 128. The Livre des Perles says, Adam fell in the Isle of Se-- renee; Eve on the sea-shore near Mec- ca, but both met on Mount Ararat: that they were buried near one another :\ Seth and his family making frequent pil- ° grimages to their tombs, as did all the other branches, except Caine’s, p. 129. POPE JOAN. This good lady is said to have lived in the 9th century, but her existence is not by all accredited. Onuphrius, says Bishop Jewell, was hired on purpose to falsity her existence, which the papists say, was first -1809.] Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. 558 first asserted by Martin Polonus. Her story is, that she was the daughter,of one John English, of Mentz, and travelled with her lover in man’s apparel to Athens, where she becaine incomparably learned ; and was unanimously on that account elected Pope: but being with child by her servant, and not keeping a good reck- oning, was taken in labour, on her way from St. Peter’s to the Lateran, and there died. This, the papists say, is a fable. The authors, who assert her existence, are Platina in Joh. 8. Sabellicus Enead. © 9. Loi. Chalcoundylas, L. 6. Mart. Po- Scotus, who lived about 1028; Sigebert Gemblacensis,who lived about 1100. Mart. Polonus, who lived about 1520. Buirsius Textor, Antoninus Archbishop of Flo- rence, Volaterranus, Nauclerus, ‘Carion, and hosts of others. Bishop Jewell, thinks that she might have been taken before her time; and Cope, alias Harps- field, a writer of Louvaine, gravely pub- lished a work, iv which he makes ber an herniaphrodite, &c. What he says, if the Pope ‘were an hermaphroditus, an her- kinalson, that is to say, a man and woman both in one? But having stll a doubt upon the subject, he pro- poses another query; what if the Pope being first a man, were atterwards changed into a woman? Upon which he quotes Oyid’s Metamorphoses, as a se- rious authority, and gives the following anecdote: “ A certaine woman, named Zimylia, married unto one Antonius Spensa, a citizen of Ebulum, ten years alter she was married was turned into a man, I have likewise read, says he, of another woman, that when she had been brouglite a bed, afterward became aman.” CELIBACY OF THE CLERGY. In 1565, by asurvey taken, there were found at Rome only twenty-eight thou- sand women, who lived by prostitution : some of whom were distinguished by ri- ding on mules, others by living in good houses. THOMAS OF VALOIS. This was a commentator upon Au- gustin. de Civitate Dei. He translated Apex, the cap of the Flamen Dhialis, by making of it,an Historian or Chronicler. PETER CRINITUS—-CODRUS URCEUS. These two divines translated the Greek Aeyxos aspear, in St. John’s Gospel, (19) by Longinus, a blind knight. - CHARADE, My first isa God; my second isa man; y third is aspirit; and yet Lam not the trinity. - The answer is the word, ammoniack, OnruLty Mac. No, 179, EXTRACT OF A RECENT LETTER FROM MADRID. The Spanish theatre still retains many of those mysteries, which founded the dramatic art in modern Europe. Sas profectas de Daniel, form at present @ favourite spectacle ; and certainly fio snb= ject can be better adopted for combine ing a splendid variety ot pageantry in one or atio, or sacred opera., The jubilee of advration to the golden colossus of Belg the flaming auto da fe for the refractory holy children; the veluptuous dances ex- hibited during the meal of Belshazzar; the sacrilegious use of the chalices from Jerusalem; the sudden wrath of heaven, the gloom, the thunder, the shadowy hand-writing.on the wall in charactdrs of lund fire; and the armed irruption of tha besicgers to renew a scene of purer tri- umph, form a series of picturesque mag- uificence, which you would enjoy to see. _ repeated some Sunday evening at Drury= Jane. To the popularity of this play, may especially be ascribed the continual allusions of the Spanish patriotic writers, to the seizure and profanation of sacras mental chalices by the French. 5 Another new and very singular drama, opens with Buonaparte, who soliloquizes about Spain. Allegorical demons stand watching around, and when le has con- fessed the whole atrocity of his purposes, they seize and carry him off in a fiery car, to the place of torment. Next appears Ferdinand VII. a ballet of angels listen to his promises of virtuous sway, and crown him during their dance, with wreaths of victory. Finally appears King George the III. who declares his horror for the tyrant, his affection for the virtuous and native monarch, and who is’ entertained by Santiago and the Virgin Mary, or by figures representing the ge- nius of Spain, and the genius of christi- anity, with a performance in full chorus, of our God save the King. How popular we heretics are become within the very precincts of the mother charch! HARDING. This was another famous translator of Latin, as appears by a passage of Tere tullian, which he quotes in his controver- sies. Illum Panem, the Sacramental bread, he renders Him. AMEN, In ancient time, was sounded by the whole congregation, ; FEUDAL CLAIMS. In the end of the 14th century, the eelebrated, but long since destroyed utos 45 nastery al 56 6—Ct® fastery of Augustinians, at Winsheim, in the province of Overyssel, were desirous of erecting a windmill, not far from Zwoll; but a neighbouring lord endea- voured to prevent them, declaring that the wind in that district belonged to him. The monks, unwilling to give up the point, had recourse to the Bishop of Utrecht, under whose jurisdiction the province had continued since the tenth century. The bishop, highly incensed against the pretender, who wished to Original Poetry. [Jan. 1, usurp his authority, affirmed that’ the wind of the whole province belonged to him, and gave the convent express per- tnission to erect a windmill wherever they thought proper. Y DANES, SUCCESS OF. This is usually, and with the greatest probability, ascribed to the male popula- tion of the nation bein exhausted in monks and clergy; and the prevalence of superstition in the mass of the people. a a nt nn ORIGINAL POETRY. oe TO MISS MURPHY, °< AGED FOURTEEN, AUTHORESS OF A RECENT WORK ON TREES AND PLANTS. SONNET, Hale early favourite of the Nine, Angelic maid of eye divine! By Love adorn’d with locks of gold, Unspotted print from beauty’s mould ; Isee thee walk by Nature’s side, At once her pupil and her pride; Prudence before, Religion near, Say, then, why springs the Poet’s tear? Alas! behind—unknown to thee, The Passions, like a foaming sea, Roll on—a restless, ruthless band, To sweep thee from liie’s peaceful strand: Cling to thy rock, ’tis Virtue’s tow’r, Nor fear the storm and rattling show’r. Georce CUMBERLAND, Bristol, Dec. 11, 1808. —_— a TO DEATH. t COME not, Death! with vain, untimely fears, Urin-shadowing cypress and the midnight dew, ; To offer at thy shrine, And-deprecate thy wrath, I bring not Fear, in Frenzy’s robe array’d, So own the ruling terrors ef thy name, And feed thy cruel pride, With murmurs of despair. For what art thou, O Death! that reason’s ; eye Should ARE the menace of thy threat’ning might 5 Or turn upon thy form The gaze of wild dismay ? ©r why should terror arm thy uprais’d hand With shafts of anger, and the murderei’s rage 5 ‘ And throw around thy brows The lightning’s livid fires ? = 3 Were life the limit of the Spirit's course, The grave the barrier of her brief cureer, Beyond whose loathsome bourn No star of being gleam’d: Had Nature to the winds of Heav’n pro} clain’d No bright reversion that awaits the soul, When bursting from her chains, She seeks her kindred skies: Did not Religion from thy misked brow Pluck the vain shadow of a mimic crown, And lift the veiling cowl, N To_shew a Seraph’s smile: Then, Death, I'd hail thee monarch! and thy shrine Should hear my vows, and bear my proffer’d bribes, To win the light of Heav’n One moment to my gaze! I'dclasp the breast that loves me, and would swear, In madness, that thy unrelenting hand Never, with ruthless mighr, Should rend Affection’s bands ! But since Religion’s clear, prevailing voice, . With words of mercy, tells the trembling soul That Heav’n has Death ordain’d It’s minister of love! Bing flow’rs, bring essence from the living rose, And strew around the sickly couch of Death, From whence the Spirit bounds On her immortal wings. Be this thy triumph and thy glorious boast, Ange! of Death! that at thine awful call The shadowing veil is rent, Time’s fleeting structure falls. The seraph vision of the glowing mind, The hope of Genius, and the soul’s desire, Start into light and form, Freed by thy transient pow’r ! Birmingham, ‘Pom STANZAS, 1809.] . STANZAS, ADDRESSED TO THE LATE REV. JAMES OGILVIE, D.D. ON HIS BIRTH-DAY, FE- BRuarxy 13. By Mrs. B, FINCH. V 7OULD Hermes graciously dispense A ray of wit and eloquence, Or great Apollo his assistance lend ; Then might I, in poetic dress, The language of my heart express, On this blest day—the birth-day of my friend. But whence arose the aspiring thought ? Shall a poor Minstrel], all untaught, Seek round her brows to twine the clas- sic lay, Whose foot ne’er press’d th’ Aonian mount, Or str2ay’d where Aganippe’s fount - Thro’ laurel thickets winds its crystal way ? No—rather in some daisy’d mead, While sportive lambs around ‘me feed, Or hawthorn grove, where chaunt the feather’d choir, At grey-rob’d dawn, or rosy eve, Let me a primrose garland weave, And wake mute echo with my doric lyre. Long has that lyre neglected hung Untun’d, the leafless boughs among, But once again, to touch the trembling string, ‘ At Friendship’s bidding, I essay, And haii, in artless strains, this day O! may it to my friend true pleasures bring! May each revolving year increase His happiness, and heaven- born peace Her halcyon-plumed wings around him spread ; May health his path with roses strew, Each white-rob’d Joy bis steps pursue, And Amualthea’s horn its blessings shed. T’ improve a vain, degenerate age, Long, long may his instructive page In all the fire of attic wisdom shine; And, zealous to reform mankind, Still may his philanthropic mind New treasures draw from truth’s ex- haust!ess mine. And, when these transient scenes are o’er, Saie landed on that blissful shore, Where no tumultuous winds or storms annoy 3 May he the glorious prize obtain, Assign’d to virtue’s faithiul tra'n, _ Th’ immortal wreath of never-fading joy! a HOPE, H°Pe’s vivid beam thé fancy cheers, As down the slope of ills we stray, Smiles through the wilderness of tears, The sunshine of a brighter day ; Original Poetry 559 Or, with a pale and softer tight, When age has silver’d o’er the hairs; Sheds her mild lustre through the night, And opes Elysium to our cares, ASC, a A TRIBUTARY TEAR TO THE MEMORY OF MARIA. [For some years past, the Author of the fol- lowing Stanzas had been compelled, frorn motives of bad health, to relinquish all in-’ tercourse with the world: and beiag now tetired to an obscure village, he acciden- tally became acquainted with the lovely child whose loss he so much deplores. He was singularly struck with her fasci- Mating manners, as well as with the exquisite beauty and elegance of her per- son, and soon discovered in her tender mind the dawnings of superior genius, and the most endearing virtues,—Pleas- ed at the idea of contributing his mite towards the education of this sweet little favourite of nature, who, if God spared her life, would prove a rich and valuable ornament to society, when he would be mouldering in the dust, he encouraged her visits, and devoted a small portion of time, every day, to her instruction, with the most flattering success. But he became peculiarly interested in the fate of this dear little angel, when he learned that she was abandoned by her paternal grandfather, the person to whom she ha¢ a right to look up for all the comforts that fortwne can bes stow. Her premature geath, being only ia the seventh year of her age, gave rise tu the following lines, which plead no claims to poetic merit. They were an attempt to soothe the feelings of the author, by sim- ply pourtraying some of the features of a child, so interesting, so universally be- loved and regretted.] , : WA£8AT. presage scares my slumb’ ring head! What plaintive moans assail my hed! Ah !—is thy gentle spirit fled, Maria! On Angel’s wings *tis horne away Rejoicing, to celestial day! Thy friends to grief are left a preyy Maria! Yet not for thee, my child, we grieve ; Thy flight should consolation give, Since thou art rais’d in biiss to live, Maria! Forgive th? involuntary tear! ‘To me thy memory is dear, O } let me speak my sorrow here, Paria Slew musing through the cypressgloomy Ti. v sit oft the hallow’d tomb, While fate protr.cts my hing’ring doom, 4 aria Thy 558 Thy smile, like beam of early morn, Thy gentle soul for virtue born, Thy graces all, my lays adorn, Maria ! Nurtur’d in soft maternal air, Thy love repaid a mother’s care 5 And thou didstall her virtues share ! ‘ Maira ! Oft straying through the verdant bowers, Thy fairy fingers cull’d me flowers, Thy converse cheer’d my drooping hours, Maria! For me the Meadows bloom no more, Nor Bees collect their yellow store, Nor Larsks their warbling music pour, Maria ! A mournful gloom pervades the grove, Where gaily thou wast wont to rove, And hum thy songs of filial love, : Maria ! PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. Proceedings of Learned Societies. [Jan. 1, The poor looks sad, and drops a tear; ’ No more thy gen’rous hand is near, * His wants to soothe, his heart to cheer, Maria! The Red-breast o’cr thy grave shal! strew The sweetest flowers, of richest hue; There warble many a soft adieu, Maria} Flora shall there her gifts bestow! Meek violets and harebells grow, Roses o’er thee, for ever blow, Maria ! When this frail dust shall shrink away, And mingle with its kindred clay, Oh! might L[ hail, in brighter day, Maria! There, pleas’d remembrance would enjoy Delight, to share thy sweet employ In scenes of bliss, without alloy, Maria | Flookersbrook, Oct. 24, 1808. W. Cc. — THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. wre pleasure we lay before our ; readers a brief outline of Mr. Davy’s first lecture of the present season, delivered at the Royal, Institution, Sa- turday, December 17. Imperfect as this sketch must necessarily be, yet it cannot fail of interesting such of our readers as are watchful over the progress of chemical science, and who, from their local situ- " ation, are unable to derive more full and more accurate information on the sub- ject. ' f The professor opened his course with an intimation of those important disco- veries which he should lave to commu- nicate, and illustrate during the ensuing winter. ia that place he always deli- vered himself with pleasure, because he was sure to experience candour ; at pre- sent, however, he had not only to ask their confidence, but solicit their indul- gence. He felt himself in’ the situation of the architect, who, in changing the foundation’ of a building, must necessa- rily create much inconvenience to the inhabitants, while the new edifice was rearing. He gave a sketch of chemical history, and speaking of the alchemists and their mode of operating, he said, with regard tu the masters all was mys- tery; to #¢ pupil, surprize and astonish- ment, Chemistry, he said, might be considered and treated either as an art or ascience, and its investigation might be after the order of analysis or synthesis : in the course now entered upon, he should adopt the synthetical mode, and he thought it necessary to apprize the audience, that his lectures would be chiefly adapted to the practical student, and that they would have no particular connection with, or reference to the arts and necessities of life. ‘Ihe application of chemistry to these would be aan for another season; it was a source o much satisfaction to know, that philoso- phical discovery, and practical utilicy, would adyance with equal pace. Solar heat was the great principle by which chemical changes wefe perpetually taking place in the natural world, and the chemist imitating this principle by means of artificial heat, had been aptly called the philosopher by fire. Hence, Mr. Davy was led to consider the laws of at- traction and repulsion, observing, that the term attraction had been first applied to chemical phenomena; and since, accord- ing to the principle laid down by the il- lustrious Newton, no more causes are to be introduced in philosophy than are ne- cessary to explain the effect, he was wil- ling to refer the whole system of chemical ayency to the different electrical states in which bodies are found. The profess sor, ee ee on ee ee ee ee a 3809.) soy, in this instance, as on former occa- sions, was unwilling that he should be supposed capable of stopping at any cause, less than the energy of the divinity, ** Attraction, (said he) so capable of elu- cidating the phenomena of nature, was but the agent of the supreme intelligence, who, whether the dust was scattered in the wind, or the planets carried round the sun, was still the governor, whose wisdom preserved, in their harmonious order, the vast system of the world.” He next ex- plained the theories of Stahl and Leavoi- sier, particularly with regard to combus- tion, and shewed in what their difficulties consisted, all of which he thought might be obviated by introducing the positive and negative principle, the former ever attaching itself to inflammable matter, and the negative to oxygen. Sulphur, and phosphorus, which ull within a few months had been regarded as simple bo- dies, he had decomposed, and sliould be able to shew, by decisive experiments, that they consisted of oxygen, hydrogen, and a certain basis. Charcoal had yielded to an- alysis, and proved to be composed of ‘the carbonaceous principle aud hydrogen: the diamond likewise was now found not to be pure carbon, but consisted of the carbo- naceous principle and oxygen ; and plum- bago also he thought must be referred to the carbonaceous principle with a small portion of iron. Hence he was led to speak of the importance of the discovery of the new metals, Potasium and Sodaum, and of the still mere important results to chemistry, which these bodies were likely “to produce. ‘He had in the last course only exhibited these metals in very small portions; hereafter he should be able to gratify the audience with specimens in large quantities. As soon as he had made known his discoveries, the chemists in France and Sweden immediately repeat- ed his experiments, and hit upon a dif- ferent method of decompesing the alka- lies by which the new metals were ob- tained more abundantly, than by means of the voltaic battery. Mr. Davy next referred to the decom- position of ammonia, the base of which, if we did not misunderstand him, would combine with mercury, and in the pro- portion of only the +5456 part would render that metal solid, and by this ope- ration reduce the specific gravity from thirteen, (that of mercury) to three, the specific gravity of the compound. The boracic and fluoric acids, have been de- Proceedings of Learned Societies, 559 composed by Mr. Davy, but at present, the muriatic acid has not yielded to the powers of his apparatus, though he fully expected it shortly would. That the bowels of the earth contained various ores of metals, had been long ascertained, but it was reserved for the discoveries of the present year to prove, that the different earths on which we daily walk, are also the repository of metallic bodies; of these he had decomposed four, namely, lime, magnesia, strontites, and barytes, all of which had produced «metallic bases. From these circumstances he was led to conclude, that the two grand principles ever operating in nature, are the inflam- mable and the oxygeneous. These he said, will account for all the phenomena of ‘volcanoes, and other subterraneous fires. In adverting to the results which he had anticipated from the voltaic battery, and which had more than answered his expectations, he was proud to state that it had originated in the private munifi- cence of a few enlightened men, and li- beral patrons of science. -The sum of twenty thousand fraucs had been devoted by the court of France for a similar pur- pose: but the idea of a subscription in this country was no sooner started, than it was cordially embraced ; aud in a short time, the liberality of individuals had raised a larger sum, than, in France, was furnished from the National Treasury, and by Imperial command. Wence he must notice the utility of public institu- tions to the progress of science. The promotion of philosophical discovery was attended with mach labour, and no profit to the student. {It demanded, not only his time and attention, but an expence whick was not often within his reach. The man of letters required no such ap- paratus to pursue his enquiries: his in= strument was his niind: the whole moral world was its subject. In the fine arts, whoever had attainéd fame, was sure of obtaining fortune also. To the experi- mental philosopher no such objects were presented, fortune could not be his aime: His reputation might be established after his death, but till then his authority must be questionable. He had, however, a consolation of a nobler kind; the con- viction that he was devoted to the cause of truth; thathe had enlarged the human intellect, and in developing the laws of nature, he demonstrated the wisdom and benevolence by which it was governed. WER- 560 WERNERDIAN NATURALIUSTORY Wor SOG LEE. T the meeting of the Wernerian Natural Elistory Society, of Edin- bargh, held on the 12th of November, the Rev. Andrew Jameson, minister of St. Mungo, Dumtriessbire, read Observa- tions on Meteorological Tables, with a Descriptiun of a New Anemometer. Atier some general remarks ou the im- portance of Meteorological Observations, and on the merits and defects of registers of the weather, be pointed out what he considered to be the best form of a Me- tcorological Journal, and then described the external form and internal structure of an extensive and complete Meteorolo- gieni Observatory, and enumerated about twenty different instruments which ought to finda place m every establishment of that kind. The Anemometer which he described, will, by avery simple and in- genious arrangement of parts, enable the most common observer to ascertain the velocity of the wind with perfect accu- racy. The Rev. Mr. Meming, of Bressay, jn Shetland, who has for some time past been engaged in examining the ini- neralovy of those remote islinds, commu. nicated an interesting account of the eognostic relations of the rocks. in the islands of Unst and PapaStour. After a general account of the position, extent and external appearance of the island of Unst, he described the different rocks of - which it is conyposed, in the order of their yelative antiquity, and remarked, that their eneral position is from south-west to north-east. The rocks are gneiss-mica, slate, clay-slate, limestone, hornblende- rock, potstowe, and serpentine. ‘The gneiss, in some places, appeared to alter- nate with the oldest mica-slate, and im others to contain beds ef hormblende- rock. The mica-slate, whichis the most abundant rock in the island, is traversed by numexous contemporaneous veins of quartz, and also of feldspar, and passes distinctly into clay-slate. It contains beds of bornblende-rock, and of lhime- stone. The clay-slate occurs but spar- ingly. The potstone usually accompa- nies the serpentine. The serpentine oc- curs in great abundance, in beds in the Oldest clay-slate, and newest mica-slate, and hence must be referred to the oldest, or first serpentine formation of Werner. The island of Papa Stour, situated on the west coast of the Mainland, as the largest of the islands ts called, contaiiis no pri- Proceedings of Learned Socictics. “ “ay [Jan 8 F -mitive rocks, but appears to he entirely composed of floetz rocks. These are conglomerate, greenstone, — claystone, porphyritic stone, hornstone, (perhaps clinkstone) and sandstone. The sand- stone, as appears from observations made inthis island, and other parts of Shetland, probably belongs to the oldest coal for- mation: it is uniformly situated below the other rocks above-mentioned: As Mr. Fleming announced bis intention of again examining the whole of the Shet-. Jand islands, and of constructing mine-_ ralogical maps of them in which the rocks should be laid down according to their relative antiquity and extent, much value able information may be expected. Atasubsequent meeting of the same so- ciety on the 19th of November, Mr. Mac-~ kenzie, jun. of Applecross, read a short account of the coal formation in the vicinity of Durham. From the precise and accurate description communicated by this genileman, the rocks appear to belong to the oldest coal-formation ‘of Werner. In the course of his observa- tions, he explained what is called the ereep, by miners, and exhibited speci~ mens of the diferent rocks, with a sec tion of the coal-mine of Kipia, in which hoththe miners’ and the scientific names of the difierent strata were inserted. At the same meeting, Dr. Ogilby, of Dub- lin, read the continuation of his Minera- logical Description, of East Lothian, (of the former part of which, an account was given in our last Number) describing the different veins which he observed.in that tract of country. These he considered as of three different periods of formation, viz. 1, Such as are derived from partial formations subsequent to the floetz-trap, which are of rare occurrence. 2. Veins of the different rocks of the formation penetrating the older beds, andj 3. Those of contemporaneous origin. He then enumerated and deseribed, according to the manner of Werner, veins of green~ stone, jasper, quartz, heavy-spar, and cale-spar. Mr. P. Neill then read an ac- count of a great sea-snake, lately cast ashore in Orkney. This curious animal, it appears, was stranded in Rothesholni- bay, in the island of Stronsa. Malcolm Laing, esq. M.P. being in Orkney at the tme,communicated the circumstance to his brother at Edinburgh, upon whose property the animal kad been east. Through this authentie channel, Mr. Neill received his information. The body measured ~ wit ’ - id measured fifty-five feet in length, and the circumterence of the thickest part intulit be equal tothe girth ofan Orkney poney. The head was not larger than that of a seal, and was furnished with two blow- holes. From the back a number of fila- ments, resembling in texture the fishing= tackle, known by the name of silk-worm gut, huug down like a mane. On each side of the body were three large fins, shaped like paws, and jointed. The body ” Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts, 561 was unluckily dashed to pieces by a tempest; but the fragments have been collected by Mr, Laing, and are to be transmitted to the imusuem at Eqiu- burgh, Mr. Neill concluded with re marking that no doubt could be enter tained that this was the kind of animad described by Ramus, Egede, and Pon toppidan, but which scicutlic aud syste- matic naturalists had hitherto rejectcd as spurious and ideal, “MONTHLY RETROSPECT OF THE FINE ARTS. Bie Use of all New Prints, and Conmunications of Articles of Intelligence, are requested — Wew Series of Engravings from the Cartoons of Raffacile, in the Collection of bis Majesty, at Hampton-court. HE indefatigable Holloway still con- tinues to pay the most unremitung attention to the engraving of these traly wonderful, and hitherto unrivalled ex- amples of graphic art. After a steady, laborious, and almost daily perseverance, for a term of five years, the amount of his performance is, that he has nearly completed the sixth finished drawing, and that the second plate will probably be published in the course ef another twelvemonth. To speak of this undertaking with jus- tice to the projector and executor of it, it is requisite to contemplate the resclu- ion exercised in the total forbearance of all petty lucrative employment, of which so many are eager to avail themselves in all professions; in the long, although to him not tedious, confinement to a single object; in the narrowing of habitual wants and indulgences, for the sake of maintaining his independence during a length of Jabour; and in the devoticn of body and mipd to the accomplishment of a work, which he justly conceived to be interesting to the lovers of art, in all countries, and in all ages. The merits of the worl; itself are to be duly appreciated less by a comparison h the original’ pictures—with those emanations of mind which defy the in- dustry of the land to rival them, and are equally inimitable by all inferior powers of talent—than with the efforts of other preceding engravers in the execution of the same task. The Cartoons of Hamp- n-court ‘have been familiarly known Biisngt us since the year 1707, by the prints of S. Gribelin, and by those of Dorigny and Fittler, as well as by Uhe Inezzoubtos which bear the names of Cooper and J. Simon. The first of these sets 1S execuied with great care and fide- lity, and conveys a very good general idea of the figures, and a general expression of characters; but the comparative di- mensions of the plates and the pictures give little reason to expect any thing more. The still more diminutive priuts by Fittler are as exquisite remembrances of the original as the size and nature of the engraving will admit; but, like those ot Gribelin, they convey merely a gene ral notion of the several composltivns, The targer engravings of Dorigny are tree, sketchy, and picturesque dravghts frou the original designs, with a kind of coarse execution which was Wot ill adapted tw match the time-worn and unequal sur face of the pictures. Lis figures fre- guently display much of the spirit of the original attitudes, but they will not bear a strict comparison either of teaturé or expression. « Holloway’s work exhibits, as fhy as it has proceeded, an accurate investivation of every part and every feature, a con- stint pursuit of the iudividuad lines and expressions of the master, and a miuinute acherence to every accident of form: and colour, f The spirit which prevails in the ens gravings of Dorigny is willingly accept- ed, ftom an iopulse of transient adiai- ration, im exchunye for accurate resein- blance; and some portion of freedom, 4t is aeknowledged, will always he sacri- ficed by laborious finishing, Bus either inode of execution will prove, m soine degree, uuequal to the original work. Lt was . 562 was the peculiar praise of the genius of Raflaelle, to unite the utmost decision of character and finished expression with the utmost freedom of a flowing pen- - ell, in a regular and determined outline. Te that copies him, unless he be hunself the equal of Raffaelle, will necessarily Tag, in some part, behind him. Mr. Hol- loway prefers that species of danger which arises from a close, slow, and mi- nute pursuit of his various excellencies,. and exhibits a copy so attentively exa- amined, and so faithfully explained, that not the smallest portion of space remains pnaccounted for. Too much praise can hardly be given toa man who (as has been remarked) devotes mind and body to the Jaudable service of his country and his age. But Mr, Holloway does not stand in need of exaggerated encomium, Tis first print, of St. Paul preaching at Athens (pub- lished last winter), is far superior, taken altogether, to any other engraving of the subject. The characters are diligently studied, and successfully reflected frony their originals; and the print is both in this respect, and in delicacy of execu- tion, infinitely preferable to that of Do- rigny in particular, The beautiful: and highly finished drawings from the offered Sacrifice at Lystra, and the Miraculous Draught of Fishes, promise results equal- ly successtul, Inthe mean tine, to beguile the te- diousness of expectation, Mr, Holloway has been induced to offer for sale a finish- ed etching of the plate of the Death of Ananias, wrough*, as he professes, in such a manner as not only to shew the general fabric of that composition, but to enable the public to judge uf the final effect of the print.* * The price of Mr. Holloway’s engravings is great, but perhaps at last inadequate to his labours, The encouragement given to the first set of engravings, in Queen Anne’s reign, by Gribelin, was very great, betause, according to Walpole, the Cartoons ** had never before becn engraved.” His success stimulated Dorigny, by the persuasion of some English gentlemen of rank who were then at Rome, to come to England, and un- dertake the same work on a larger scale. The plates were ‘at first proposed to be en- graved at the queen’s,expence, only to be piven away as presents to persons of distin- guished rank; but Dorigny demanding five thousand pounds for his work, it was at last unéertaken by a subscription at four guineas a set. On the completion of it, he presented two compiete sets to George the First, anda Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. *Earl Grosvenor. 4 ail . ; British Gallery of Engravings.- By the Revs Edward Forster, Third Number. The progress of this interesting work is very creditable to the publisher, and the care and judgment shown in the se- lection of the subjects for engravings is no less so to the gond sense and taste wlrich superintend the publication, The contents of the present number are, The Canal of Dort; by Fittler, from Cuyp. ‘ Holy Family; by Rainsbach, from Lu- dovice Caracci. Flemish Pastimes; from Ostade. ¥ Joseph’s Garment; by \Schiavonetti, from Guercino. .* The pictures from which the first and third of these engravings are taken, are in the collection of the Marquis of Staf- ford; the second and fourth in that of The first plate may, without invidious comparison, be said to be the happiest in execution, in the pre sent series. ‘The clear and limpid tint which distinguishes the original picture is adinirably preserved, as well as the dis- tinctness of the particular objects, so ju= diciously kept subordinate to the general repose of the picture. British Gallery of Pictures: engraved by Car- don. Under the Direction of Mr. Ottley and Mr. Tresham, Professor of Painting to the Royal Academy. First Number. The principal series of this first num- ber contains an adinirable engraving from the picture of the Womun taken in Adul- tery, painted by Rubens, and at present in the collection of Henry Hope, esq. The engraving is a thoroughly studied work, and gives a very full idea of the richness and mellowness of Rubens’s pallette. ‘The same engraving is also to be had, coloured, with the most careful attention to the original picture, and in a manner highly creditable to the pub-' lishers. The other series contains small etch- ings from pictures in the Marquis of Stafford’s Gallery, very well calculated to give a general idea of the respective com= positions, to of which are of the Saera- ments by Nicolas Poussin. To these is’ added a plan of the Gallery. This series (like the former) may also be had with’ the etchings slightly coloured, in such a . manner as to convey the general intens set each to the prince and princess. The king, in return, presented him with a purse of 100 guineas, and the prince witha gold medal. a he ‘tions 4 je eo ee a -, 1809. ] tions of the painter in the disposition of hue and effect. | The Royal Academy is to be congra- tulated on the choice of an active asso- ciate, in the person of Anthony Carlisle, esq. who has been lately elected to the office of Professor in Painting, in the place of the ingenious, amiable, and un- fortunate Sheldon, who died about two months since. Mr. Sheldon’s lectures, founded on deep professional knowledge, were studiously adapted to the particu- Jar researches and wants of painters, though sometimes even going beyond the sphere of their immediate studies. The Royal Academy has at present reason to entertain the highest confidence that Mr. Sheldon’s will not be the last, nor the greatest, example of zeal and talents in those respects. Mr. Carlisle’s abilities have deservedly raised him to eminence, and his professional lectures addressed to students in his own profession are well known, and justly celebrated. The com- petition for the professorship lay between Mr. Carlisle, and Mr. Bell, the author of several valuable anatomical publications ; both highly qualified for the interesting situation to which they aspired. The premiums of silver medals given List of New Publications. 563 by the Royal Academy for drawings and models in sculpture, from the living figure, and ‘for views in architecture, were adjudged by the annual meeting of the Royal Academicians, on Saturday, the 10th instant. The same day, being the anniversary of the establishment of the Academy, the usual election took place for the various officers appertain~ ing to the Institution, and the venerable president of last year was continued in. his chair by the unanimous consent of the assembly. A monument is about to be erected in the Temple church, to the memory of the late Lord Chancellor Thurlow. It is executed by Rossi, R. A. The so much celebrated merits of the supposed pictures by Titian, of the Twelve Casurs on horseback, are now finally decided, the pictures being ascer- tained to be from the pencil of A. Tem- pesta; a name which, although at a very great distance below “ the mighty mas- ter’ of the Venetian school, is yet ac- knowledged by painters to be entitled to a very competent degree of estimation. The Gallery of the Bath Exhibition is opened again for the approaching sea- son, on the same plan as last year. EeEoEooooyeEeEeEeEeEeE——————————EE== LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN DECEMBER. *,* As the List of New Publications, contained in the Monthly Magazine, is the ONLY COMPLETE LIST PUBLISHED, and consequently the only one that can be useful to the Public for Purposes of general Reference, it is requested tha. Authors and Publishers will continue to communicate Notices of their Vb forks (Post paid), and they will always be faithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENCE. ARTS, FINZ. TLLUSTRATIONS of the Lay of the Last Minstrel, consisting of twelve Views of the rivers Borthwick, Ettrick, Yarrow, Ti- viot, and Tweed. Engraved by Heath, from drawings taken on the spot. By J. C. Schetky, esq. of Oxford. 4to. 11. 11s. 6d. Proofs, 21. 12s. 6d. BIOGRAPHY. An Essay on the Earlicr part of the Life of Swift. By the Rev. John Barret, D.D. vice- provost of Trinity College, Dublin. 5s. Memoirs of Robert Cary, Earl of Mon- mouth; written by Himself. Published from an original manuscript in the custody of the Earl of Cork and.Ossory. To which is add- ed Fragmenta Regalia, being a History of Queen Elizabeth’s Favourites. By Sir Robert Naunton. With explanatory annotations. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Memoirs of Frederic and Margaret Ktop- stock. Translated from the German. 8vo. 6s. Méntary Mac, No. 179. COMMERCE. The Tradesman; or Commercial Maga~ zine, 8vo. vol. I. 9s. 6d. bds. DRAMA. The School for Authors, a Comedy in thre¢ Acts. By the late John Tobin, Esq, EDUCATION. Mrs. Leicester’s School; or, the History of several young Ladies. 12mo 3s. 6d The Junior Class Book ; or, Reading Lessons for every Day in the year; selected from the most approved authors; for the Use of Schools. By William-Frederic Myliusy Master of the Academy in Red Lion-square. 12mo. with Engravings. 4s. bound. Dramas for Children, imitated from the French of L. F. Jauffret, Author of the Tra- vels of Rolando; the Little Hermitage; Vi- sit to the Menagerie, &c. By the Editor of Tabart’s Popular Tales. 3s. half bound. An Easy Grammar of Natural and Experi- mental Philosophy, designed as a Practical 4C Elementary 564 Elementary Book to simplify the Study of Philosophy at Schools. By the Rey. David Blair. 3s. bound. A Guide to Elocution, divided into six Parts; containing Grammar, Composition, Synonymy, Language, Orations, and Poems, By John Sabine. 12mo, 4s. HISTORY. The History of the University of Edin- burgh, from 1580 to 1646. By Thomas Crawford, A.M. Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics. 8vo. 7s. 6d. LAW. An Abridgment of the Law of Nisi Prius. By W. Selwyn, Esq. Part III. 10s. 6d. A Practical Treatise on Pleading, and on the Parties to Actions, and the Form of Ac- tions, with a Collection of Precedents and Notes thereon. By Joseph Chitty, Esq. of the Middle Temple. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 21. 2s. A Treatise on the Law of Idiocy and Lu- macy, with an Appendix; containing the Practice of the Court of Chancery on the Sub- ject, and some useful Practical Forms. By A. Highmore, Solicitor. 8vo. 7s. 6d. - Reports of Cases, argued and ruled at Nisi Prius, inthe Court of King’s Bench and Com~ mon Pleas, from Hilary to Trinity Term, 1808. By John Campbell, of J.incoln’s-Inn, Esquire, Barrister-at-law. Part II. 8vo. 6s. A Treatise of the Law of Contracts and Agreements, not under Seal, with Cases and Decisions thereon, in the Wetion of Assump- sit. By Samuel Comyn, Esq. of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-law, 2 vols. royal 8yvo. 11. 11s. 6d. A Continuation of a Digest of the Statute Laws, being an Abridgment of the Public’ Acts ef Parliament of Great Britain, from the 37th to the 42d of George ILL. both inclusive. By Thomas Walter Williams, Esq. Barrister-at- law. Vol. III, Part 1V, 4to. QJ. ds. The Whole of the Proceedings in the Cause of the Attorney-General v. Brown, Parry, and Others, of the Golden-lane Brew- ery. By W.R.H. Brown. 8vo. 3s, Ed. MEDICINE. A Treatise on Scrophula. By James Rus- sell, Fellowof the Royal College of Surgeons, and Professor of Clinical Surgery in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. 8vo. 5s. The London Medical Dictionary. _ By Tints tholomew Parr, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, and senior Physi- cianyof the Exeter Hospital: 2 vols. 4to. 41. 10s. bds. : * Cases of Diabetes, Consumption, &c. with Observations on the History and Treatment of Diseases-in general. By Robert Watt, Member of the Faculty of. Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. 8vo. 8s. Remarks on the Frequency and Fatality of dierent Diseases, particularly on the progres- sive Increase gf ( onsumption.’ By William Woollcombe, M.D, Syo.' 6s. Last of New Publications. MILITARY: — Essays on the Theory and Practice of the Art of War, including the Duties of Officers on Actual Service, and the Principles of Mo~ dern Tactics. Chiefly translated from the best French and German Writers. By the Editor of the Military Mentor. In three handsome and closely printed Volumes, iJlus- trated with numerous Engravings. 11. 16s. MISCELLANEOUS, Memoirs ofan American Lady, with Sketches of Manners and Scenery in America, as they existed previous to the Revolution. 2 vols, 12mo. 10s. 6d. bds. A Dialogue in the Elysian Fields, between the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, and some of his Royal Progenitors. 4to, 2s. Selections in Portuguese, from various Au- thors, with English Translations. 5s. 6d. The Defence of Outposts. Translated from the French. 1s. J An Exposition of the Conduct of Mr. Cob- bett, taken from the Satirist. 6d. A Letter to his Royal Highness the Duke of York; or, An Exposition of the Circum- stances which led to the Appointment of Sis Hew Dalrymple. By Thomas Hague. 2s. A Letter to the Governors of Christ’s Hos- pital, being a Refutation of the Invectives and Misrepresentations contained in a Letter from the Rev. Dr. Warren, Vicar of Edmonton to William Mellish, Esq. M.P. By Robert Waithman. 1s. 6d. The Compositor’s and Pressman’s Guide to the Artof Printing. By C. Stower, Printer. Royal 12mo. 38. 6d. p ha Evening Amusements for the Year 1809, being the sixth of the’ series of Annual Vo- lumes for the Improvement of Students in Astronomy. By W. Frend, Esq. 3s, Letters from the late Dr. Warburton, Bi- shop of Gloucester, to the late Dr. Hurd, Bi- shop of Worcester, from the Year 1749 ta 1776. 4to. 11. 7s. bds. The Annual Register; or,a View of the History, Politics, and Literature, for the Yeak 1806. 8Bvo. 15s. Elements of Geognosy, being the Second Part of vol. III. of the System of Mineralogy: By’ Robert Jameson, Professor of Natural His- tory, F.R.S. Edin. 8vo. 10s. The Ploughwright’s Assistant, being a New Practical Treatise on the Plough, and on va- rious important Implements made use of in Agricultures Royal 8vo. 16s. Hogan Exploded; or, a few Old English Notes stated against Four Irish Raps. By Corporal Foss,’ 2s 6d. Official Letters Written by Lieutenant-Co- lone! Henry Haldane, Captain of the Royal Invalid Engineers, to the Masters General of his Majesty’s Ordnance since the Year 1802. 2s. An Essay on the Commercial Habits of the Jews. 3s. A Letter to William Mellish Esq. M.P. on a ante 1809.) alate Dispute in the Parish of Edmonton, and on the alledged Abuses in Christ’s Hospital. By the Rev. Dawson Warren, A.M. Vicar of Edmonton. 1s. 6d. A Collection of Portraits drawn from the Life. No. I. ‘To be continued Quarterly. 11. 1s. Remarks on Mr. Fox’s History of James II. 1s. NOVELS. Don Quixote, in Spanish; revised and cor- rected by Fernandez: with the Life of Cer- vantes, &c. 4 vols. 11. 1s. Gil Blas, in Spanish ; revised and corrected by thesame. 4 vols. 1I- ‘ Gil Blas, in Portuguese ; revised and cor- rected bythe same. 4 vols. 14s. Florian’s Gonzalva De Cordova in Spanish, 3s. The Ruins of Rigonda; or, the Homicidal Father. By Helen Sc. Victor. 3 vols. 12mo. 13s. 6d. ; Tales of the Manor. 2 vols. 12mo. Corinna of England, and a Heroine in the Shade. @Zvols.12mo. 9s. London Characters, Fashions, and Customs, of the 18th century. 2 vols. The British Heiress; or, the Errors of Education. By Mrs. Sleath. 5 vols. 12mo. al. 5s. Lionel; or, the Impenetrable Command ; _an Historical Novel. By Mrs. Maxwell. 2yols.12mo. 8s. POETRY. The Ladies’ Poetical Petition for a Winter Assembly at Newport, in the Isle of Wight. Qs. 6d. The Rural Enthusiast, and other Poems. By Mrs. M. Hay. Foolscap 8vo. 10s. 6d. England and Spain; or, Valour and Patrio- tism. By Alicia Dorothea Browne. 4to. 5s. Poetic Amusement, consisting of a sample of Sonnets, Epistolary Poems, Moral Tales, and Miscellaneous Pieces. By the Rev. Thomas Beck. 4s. 6d. Poems. By Miss S. Evance. Selected from her earliest Productions, to those of the pre- sent Year. Foolscap 8vo. 5s. Bidcombe Hill, with other Rural Poems. By the Rev. Francis Skurray, M.A. Crown 8vo. 10s 6d. Large Paper, 11. is, “POLITICS. Arndt’s Spirit of the Limes. Translated from the German, By the Rev. P. Will. 4s. Manifesto addressed to Europe, on the Atrocities committed by Napoleon Bonaparte. By Antonio Mordella y Spotorno. 6d. Detailed Substance of the late Overtures and Discussions between England, France, and Russia. 2s. 6d. A Letter to a Nobleman, concerning the Farmer’s Income Tax, with a Hint on the Principle of Representation, 2s. Proceedings of the Court of Inquiry held at Chelsea College on the Conduct of the Offi- cers who concluded the Convention of Cintra; with Official Documents. 2s, 6d, 4 List of New Publications, 565 Another Report of the above. By W. E. Tomlins, Esq. Barrister. 2s, 6d. THEOLOGY. The Christian Code 3 or, a regular Digest of Christ’s Dispensation. 4to. 1Is. 1s. A View of the Progress, Origin, and Diver- sity of Heathen Worship, antececently to the Christian Revelation By T.Thomas. 4s. Discussory Considerations ; or, the Hypo thesis of Dr. Mac Knight and others, that St. Luke’s Gospel was the first written. Bya Country Clergyman. 4s. 6d. Sketches of Truth, Moral and Religious 5 with a Reference to the Alliance of Church and State. 5S vols. 12mo. A Sermon, occasioned by the Death of the Rev. W. Humphries; preached at Hammer- smith, October 9, 1808. By R. Wintere And the Address delivered at the Interment, October 6, 1808. By W. Jay. 2s. The New Whole Duty of Prayer ; contain- ing Fifty-six Family Prayers, suitable for Morning and Evening, for every Day in the Week; and a Variety of other Devotions and Thanksgivings, for particular Persons, Cire cumstances, and Occasions. 12mo, 4s, 6d. boards. ' Plain and Useful Selections from the Books of the Old and New Testament, according to the most approved Modern Translations, with Notes. By Theophilus Browne, A.M. late Fellow and Tutor of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge. Royal 8vo. 15s. fine Paper, 20s. or the New Testament alone, 5s. bds. The Anniversary Sermon of the Royal Hus mane Society, preached on the 12th of funey at the Parish of St. Margaret’s, Westminster. By the Rev. W. W. Dakins, LL.B. F.A.S. 1s. 6d. A Letter addressed to the Bishop of Peter- borough in Answer to an Appeal made to the Society for defending the Civil Rights of Dis- senters relative to the important Question of Church Burial by the Established Ciergy. 2s. A Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Rev. Theophilus Lindsey, M.A. preached at the Chapel, in Essex-Sireet, Strand, Nov. 13 1808. To which is added a brief Biographi- cal Memoir. By Thomas Belsham. 9s, The Object and Conclusion of the Christian Minister’s Mortal Life. A Sermon preached at Birmingham, September 25, 1808, on Oc- casion of the Death cf the Rev. John Edwards. By John Kentish. 1s. 64. The Lessons of the Church of England taken from the Old Testament, as appointed to be read in the Morning Service on the Sundays and most important Holidays through- out the Year. With short Notes. 8vo. 4s. 6d. Two dermons on Christian Zeal and on the Progress of tne Gospel. By Charles Lloyd, of Palgrave, Suffolk. 1s. 6d. TOPOGRAPHY, A New Picture of the Isle of Wight, if lustrated with 36 Plates. 8vo. 11. 4s. bds, VARIETIES, [ 566 7] [Jan. Ty, VARIETIES, Literary anv PaILosoPHIcat. Including Notices of Worksin Hand, Domestic and Foreign. *,* Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received. —— CIENCE has sustained an irrepa- rable loss by the death of Dr. Bzp- pors, of Bristol, in the maturity of his genus, and in the prime of bis life. He has Jong been an ornament of his profession, and an honou to his country among: fo- reign nations, as a chemist and philoso- pher. In our next we shall endeavour to do justice to his useful life and character, in a full account of both, The attention of the public is at present drawh towards the various plans for producing light and heat for domestic purposes, respectively from gas and steam. Various new experiments are making in the present winter, and nothing retards the general adoption of one or both plans, but the strange omis- sion of artizans to present to the public complete, convenient, and elegant appa- ratus adapted to various purposes.. We. have inserted accounts of some experi- ments for lighting by gas, in other parts of this Magazine, and we hope in our next. Number to be able to introduce further particulars of Mr, OaK.ey’s va- Juable experiment for warming houses by steam.* The numerous advantages re- sulting from these important applications are so obvious, that it must be unneces- sary to comment upon them. For warming churches, manufactories, hospitals, work- houses, schools, mansion-houses, and ships, this mode of conveying and diffu- sing heat, seems to be of superior conse- quence even to the means it affords of warming equally at a trifling expence, all the parts of a dwelling-house. The lovers of the fine arts will learn -with satisfaction, that Miss Lixwoon’s splendid Exhibition of Pictures of her own production, will again constitute one of the ornaments of the metropolis in the month of February, Fhe great concourse of visitors who attended her former exhi- bition in Hanover-square, has led Miss i ESD EN ATT TE TE SE LS * This experiment has previously been made with success in some manufactories in Scotland. At Mr. Oakley’s, in Old Bond- street, the steam is conveyed from a small boiler in the cellar through cast-iron pipes, of three or four inches bore, into,all the rooms of his extensive manufactory, and at the dis- tance of one hundred yards from the boiler, the steam raises the thermometer totwo hun- dred degrees. In the fifth story it boiled a copper of water in the laundry, where it also ~@ried the wet clothes with great rapidity. Linwood to determine to render her ex- hibition permanent in the metropolis, and she has therefore built on the north side of Leicester-square, two magnificent rooms for the purpose, the largest in Lon- don, which we shall call tHe Lixwoop Gaxtery. Besides the pictures formerly exhibited, there will be at least twenty new ones, the recent productions of this lady’s unparalleled ingenuity and industry. Mr. Taytor (the Platonist) announces that he has made some very important discoveries in that branch of the mathe- - matics, relating to infinitesimals, and infinite series. One of these discoveries consists in the ability of ascertaining the last term of a great variety of infinite series, whether such series are composed of whole numbers or fractions. Mr. Taylor farther announces, as the result of these discoveries, that he is able to de- monstrate that all the leading proposi- tions in Dr. Wallis’s Arithmetic of Infis nites are false, and that the doctrine of Fluxions is founded on false principles, and as wellas the Arithmetic of Infi- nites, 1s a most remarkable instance of the possibility of deducing true conclusions from erroneous principles. Mr. T. is now composing a treatise on this subject, which will be published in the course of next year. Mr. James Ermes has undertaken a complete and comprehensive Dictionary of the Fine Arts, to include accounts of the arts in theory and practice, and of their professors in all ages. Such a work must necessarily become a library of it- self to the painter, the sculptor, the ar- chitect, the amateur, and the collector of subjects connected with the fine arts. Mr. Tuomas Morrimer, Vice-consul at Ostend forty years ago, and author of the work called, Every Man his own Broker, published fifty yeats ago, is pre- paring a legacy to the world ina new Dictionary of Trade,Commerce, and Ma- nufactures. Of this work we may say, as we have said of the last work, that it must constitute a library of itself to the numerous persons to whom it addresses itself, and we may add, respecting both, that it is wonderful such usefal publica- tions have never before appeared. Dr. Arnotp, of Leicester, has just put to press a valuable practical volume of Observations on the Management of the Insane, a subject on which thirty years 1869.] — experience has eminently qualified im to write, A work, highly interesting to the Eng- lish antiquary, under the title of An Historical Survey of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities of France, with a view to il- lustrate the rise and progress of Gothic Architecture in Europe, which had long engaged the personal inspection and la- borious researches of the late Rev. G. D. Wuirrrncron, of Cambridge, is now in the press, under the direction of some judicious and henourable friends; and will soon be laid before the public. Lieutenant-Colonel Scor7 has in the press, 2 Poem on the Battle of Maida. Mr. A. JewiTT, proposes to publish by subscription, m two volumes, small octavo, with twenty-four AquatintaViews of Ruins, Scenes, Antiquities, &c. drawn expressly from nature, Remarks on various Parts of the Counties of Nottingham, Lincoln, York, Derby, and Stafford ; being the result of several successive tours and éxcursions since the commencement of we present century. Mr. Tuomas Green, of Liverpool, a youth of seventeen, has in the press a wolame of Poems, which will appear in January. Dr. Crarkxe and Mr. Crarke, will begin their spring course of Lectures on Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Chiidren, on Thursday, January 26. The Lectures are read every day, at the house of Mr. Clarke, No. 10, Upper John-street, Golden-square, from a quar- ter past ten o’clock in the morning, till a quarter past eleven, for the convenience of students attending the hospitals. Dr. Buxron’s Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and on Mate- tia Medica, will be commenced about the 20th of January, 1809. A new Grammar, entitied, The En- glish Tutor, written in familiar letters, and intended patticularly for ladies se- minaries, by Mr. W. C. Ov tron, author of the Traveller's Guide, &c. will be presented to the public in a few weeks. A volume of burlesque, dramatic, and miscellaneous Poems,by the same gentle- man, is now in the press, and will shortly be published. A Subscription Library, on a liberal plan, has been set on foot at Lincoln; and we observe with pleasure, that its ‘promoters are the principal noblemen and gentlemen of that city and its neigh- bourhood, Amidst a-variety of new papers an- Rmeunced in different parts of the country, Literary and Philosophical I ntelligence. 567 one is announced in that populous dis- trict of Stattordshire, engaged in the ma~ nufacture of pottery-ware, to be called the Pottery-Gazette. Mr. Brcouanp has in the press, and in considerable forwardness, a View of the World, which will extend to five oc tavo volumes. It-comprises a tolerably minute geographical description of the countries of the world, with an account of whatever is particularly remarkable in each, followed by a separate historical view of every nation and people. The Rev. R. Nares is about to put to press a Dictionary on the plan of John- son’s, of the Middle Language of Eng- land, or the Age of Shakspeare! To what other absurdities will the childish speculations of the readers of black let- ter lead us? The Rev. Mr. Piuumprre, of Clare- hall, will shortly publish four Discourses on the Stage, lately preached by him at Cambridge, Two volumes of Sermons, by the late Rev. TueopurLus LinpDsEy, are prepar= ing for the press, and will appear in the ensuing spring. ‘To these volumes, which it is intended to publish by subscription, willbe prefixed a memoir. A work will speedily make its appear- ance, entitled, the Brazil Pilot, or a De- scription of the Coast of Brazil; trans- lated from the Portuguese of Manoej Pimentel, principal hydrographer to King — John V, of Portugal. It will be accom~ panied by a considerable number of charts of some of its principal ports, fron: manuscripts of undoubted authority, ne- ver before published. Mr. Jaues Morrison, of Glasgow, has issued proposals for publishing by subscription a work in two volumes oc tavo, entitled, the General Accomptant; being a complete course of mercantile compvtation and accomptantship, adapt- ed to modern practice. The same gen- tleman is engaged on PopularElements of Book-keeping. The Medical and Chivrargical Society of London will shortly publish the first volume of their Records. It will contain some very valuable contributions from practitioners of first-rate eminence in the metropolis. The Translation of the Scriptures into the Persian languuge, so long in prepara-~ tio, and by many thought to be aban- doned, has been for some time in the press at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and is expected to be ready for publication in the course of the year, 1809. It will form an elegant quarte volume, A new 568 A new selection of the most favourite oetical pieces, under the title of the Muse’s Bower, will soon make its appear- ance in four small volumes. The first will contain a selection of lyrical and pa- thetic pieces; the second narrative, hu- mourous and epistolary; the third de- scriptive and sacred; anc the fourth se- Iections from the ancient classics. Mr. Waker has published some ob- servations which seem to prove that jew- elled holes in clock-work are highly dis- advantageous, being much more liable to become foul and clogged than brass ones, A transit clock of his, made by Berraud, was cleaned in July 1805, and on the 6th of December 1806, it had become so foul as not to be made to go even when two pounds were added to its weight. On its being taken to pieces, in all its jewelled holes the oil was very black and glutinous, bus in the others it was quite fluid; and it even required great force, and some dexterity, to draw out the spin- die that carried the seconds’ hand. The clock was set a going again next day, and continued to go well till the end of Oc- tober 1807, when it again went badly, and gained very much. It was taken as under as econd time about three weeks after this, when all the jewelled holes were extremely foul, black, and clogged ; and in separating the jewels, they were found to be strongly adhesive, yet the oil on the pallets was very fluid, and in a good state in all the brass holes. Proposals have been published for the establishment of an [ustitation, designed tor the relief of distressed and indigent women in the metropolis, by supplying them with suitable employment. It is intended that a house shall be taken in a reputable and populous neighbourhood, for the sale of various articles of wearing apparel and ornamented works, A ware- house will also be taken in a more retired situation, where goods will be cut out and delivered to women applying for work, The public and ladies in parti- cular are invited to subscribe annually a sum not less than half-a-guinea each. Women wanting employment are to ap- ply to one of these ladies for a recom- mendation to the society; the lady re- commending to be answerable to the amount of twenty shillings, that the goods entrusted to the workwoman shall be re- - turned. The ladies will choose out of their own number a committee, to at- tend daily at the warehouse, to inspect the work cut out, and that returned when made up and fit for sale, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. It will be the. {Jari: 1, object of this excellent society to avoid, as much as possible, taking in or selling those articles on which the industry of women is now engaged. They will also strive to avoid any interference with those shops in which women usually work or serve. The society will neither give exe travagant prices to the workwomen, nor underseH the regular trader; the grand design being to provide suitable employ- ment for poor, but industrious and res spectable females, and to prevent the ternptations to vice. Mr. B, Cook, of Birmingham, in some very seasonable observations, has shewn the great advantages that may be derived _ even by manufacturers and tradesmen on the smallest scale, from the use of gas for light, instead of candles. His apparatus consists simply of a small cast iron pot, of about eight gallons, to receive the coal, and a cast iron cover, which is luted to it with sand. The gas passes through water into the gasometer or reservoir, which holds about four hundred gallons, and by means of old gun barrels, he con= veys it all round his work-shops. His saving by this apparatus he computes at three-fifths. But, he continues, “ if erected on a smaller scale, the saving ta the manufacturer is equally great ; for the poor man who lights only six candles, or uses one lamp, will find it cost him only 101. or 121.; which he will nearly, if not quite, save the first year. And if the pipes are made of old gun-barrels, and once a year, of once in two years, coated over with tar, to keep them from rusting, they will last balf a century.” Besides the profit thus derived, Mr. Cook conceives that from the tar of the coal a spirit might be made as a substi- tute for the tar-spirit brought from Rus- sia; which would be of vast importance to a great number of manufacturers, especially japanners; that article having advanced from $s. or 3s. 6d, to 20s. per gallon since the interruption of our trade with the north. We think Mr. Cook has great merit in making and publishing this valuable experiment ; and, for our own parts, we consider the late discoveries of so much consequence to mankind, that we shall continue to publish all new facts relative to them, till their adoption in general. ; Mr. J. Picx, of Ipswich, has lately analyzed a stone of the calcareous spe- cies, frequently met with in that part of the country, and called by the common people thunder-pick, from the supposi- tion of its falling fiom the clouds in storms. 1809.] storms of thunder and lightning. Tt oc- gurs in crystals weighing from 40 to 100 grains, of a conic shape, with a cavity at the base, extending about a fourth part down to the centre of the erystal. Its colour varies from grey, brown, brownish red, to almost black, semitransparent. They are generally discovered solitary by the husbandmen when at plough, or turning up the earth in any other way. When scratched with a knife, this stone has a strong alliaceous or urinous smell. Its cross fracture is fibrous, with the striz diverging nearly as from a common centre, Its longitudinal fracture is glit- tering, with the strie parallel. It ts mo- derately bard, and of the specific gra- vity of 2,663. Its properties, as ascer- tained by examination, areas follow :— 4. When heated upon charcoal before the blow-pipe, its colour disappears, but it is infusible. 2. With phosphate of soda it is difficultiy soluble, and fuses into an enamelled bead. With borate of soda it dissolves more readily, and fuses into a semitranslucid white globule. 4. With caustic soda it could be only partially fused into a white enamel. 5. The sub- stances of which, by analysis, 100 grains were found to be composed, are :— Carbonic acid gas - 48,55 grs. Lime - ~ - 53,95 Oxides of manganeseandiron 40 Water and loss - 2,10 100 A correspondent of the Philosophical Journal, alluding to the feats exhibited on the continent by Signior Lionetto, com- monly called the incombustible man, ob- serves:—“ I have repeatedly seen a friend of mine pass over his tongue, with- out any covering, a red-hot poker; and this experiment, which he.has performed hundreds of times, to the great astonish- ment of dinner and tea-parties where he happened to be, I ventured, on his assur- ance that no hurt would ensue, to repeat. T found that it may be done with the utmost safety; the only effect is a slight taste in the mouth of carbonated hydro- gen, anda very slight soreness for a short tme. It is only necessary that the tongue be wet with saliva betore it is put ont of the mouth, and that the poker be of course quickly passed over it. The cause of this phenomenon T conceive to be that the saliva is vaporized, and in fact it prevents the tron from ever touch- ing the cuticle.” [n addition to this, the conductor of the above-mentioned Journal subjoius the following facts :— Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 569 ‘ Flaying mentioned to a plumber whom I had employed to repair a lead cistern, some of the particulars of the incombuse tible man, he expressed but littie surprize. Any one, he said, might draw their finger through melted Jead, if they did it some- what quickly; and having in his hand a ladle full of melted solder, he instantly passed his finger through it. He said he had often passed a piece of red-hot iron over bis tongue, and seen others do it without injury. In the first experiment, he said, it was necessary that the finger should be perfectly dry, otherwise the person might get what he called a thim- ble ; that is, some of the metal would ad~ here to the finger, and produce a severe burn. {n the experiment of passing @ red-hot iron over the tongue, the iron, he said, should be very red; if only of a black heat, nearly, but not quite red-hot, it was sure to burn the tongue most see verely. I shall here*state another fact, which may perhaps be explained, but not quite so satisfactorily, on similar princi- ples. A gentleman informs me that he has seen an iron-founder skim melted ° iron with his hand. The founder stated he could only do it when the iron was boiling hot ; if of a lower heat, it would burn him.”—We shall be glad to receive communications to the Monthly Maga zine on these subjects. About the middle of this month will be published, m two vols. 8vo. Outlines of Mineralogy, containing a general his- tory of the principal varieties of mineral substances ; together with a particular statement of their physical characters, and chemical analysis; by J. Krop, M.D. Professor of Chemistry in the Uni- versity of Oxford. FRANCE. The first division of the antiquities from the palace Borghese is arrived at Paris. They were conveyed on large carriages made on purpose, especially for those supposed to be the most liable to be broken, such as the Gladiator, the Faun, the Borghese Vases, &c. © An ambula- tory forge attended each smaller division, in order to repair such accidents as might happen. The carriages were two months and a half in passing the Alps, ITALY. The celebrated Danish sculptor THor~ waLpsew has lately exhibited, at Rome, a model in plaster of his statue of Adonis, which, according to the general opinion, deserves to be classed among the most . beautiful 570 beautiful productions of modern art. It is to be executed in marble for the here- ditary Prince of Bavaria. The Academy of Arts, Sciences, and Belles Lettres, of Padua, has recently ‘yesumed its meetings, after a long sus- pension. According to its ancient practice, it has proposed. several ques- tions for the ensuing year; among which are the following:—‘* How far is that epinion well-founded, which maintains that the taste for letters must diminish in proportion to the progress made in the sciences?’ and “ What improvement can be made in the ploughs at present made use of in this country, and by what means may they be rendered more use- ful in labour, better adapted to the cir- cumstances of the place, and the quality of the different soils?’ The prizes are each sixteen gold Napoleons, and the answers must be written either in Italian or French, EAST INDIFS. The Abbé Duzois, who was so fortu- nate as to escape from France during the horrors of the revolution, and has since resided in the Mysore country, has com- pleted a very valuable work on the va- rious casts of India, It has been in- spected and highly approved by Sir J. Mackintosh and other literary characters in India, and by them recommended to the notice of the government, who have agreed to purchase the manuscript of the Abbé, and to publish it at their own ex- pence. The translation of the French is entrusted toa military officer of conse- quence and ability. The Massoolah boat, so common on the coasts of the peninsula of Hindoostan, is one of the most extraordinary inventions that navigation has to boast. To all ap- pearance any other kind of vessel would be safer on the water; but the fact is, that no boat of any other kind dare ven- ture over the violent surf which breaks along the seashore at Fort St. George. Tt is unique in its construction, equally unlike the solid canoe, and the European invention of caulked vessels. It is flat- bottomed, and the planks of which it is composed are literally sewn together with the fibres of the Kyar-rope, made from the cocoa-tree; and the stitches, if they may be so called, are so little connected, that it should seem there could be no se- curity against its leaking so much as to Literary and Philosophical Intelligence: injure its safety. To prevent an accident of this nature, each boat is always proe. vided with a baler. These boats are used to convey goods and passengers to and from the ships in the Madras roads ;. and, on their return from the ships, they, are sometimes thrown with such vielence against the shore, that if they did not, by their singular construction, yield to the shock, they would be dashed in pieces, The steersman stands on the stern of the vessel, and the rudder is simply an oar, The dexterity with which he balances himself in a heavy sea is perfectly astoe nishing. The number of boats used there js one hundred and twenty, and they furs nish occupation for upwards of ene thous sand natives. The Chinese, instead of raising their fruit-trees from secds or grafts, as is the practice in Europe, adopt the following method:—They select a branch fit for the purpose, and round it they wind a rope of straw besmeared with cow-dung, until a ball is formed five or six times the diameter of the branch. Immediately under this ball, they divide the bark down to the wood, for nearly two-thirds of the circumference of the branch. A cocoa- nut shell, or small pot, is hung over the ball, with a hole in its bottom, so small that water put into it will only fall in drops. By this the rope is kept con- stantly moist, a circumstance necessary to the easy admission of the young roots. In about three weeks it is supposed that some of the roots have struck inte the rope, when the remainder of the bark is, cut, and the furmer incision carried deeper into the wood; it is repeated in three weeks more. In about two months, the roots are seen intersecting each other on the surface of the ball, which is a sign that they are sufficiently advanced to ad-~ mit of the separation of the branch from the tree, which is done by sawing at the incision, taking care not to cut off the rope, which by this time is rotten, and the branch is planted asa young tree. It. is probable that a month longer would be necessary for the operation in England, from the difference of climate; but by this means, when the branches are large, three or four years are sufficient to bring them to a state of full bearing, Timber- trees, it is supposed, may be advan- tageonsly propagated in the same Waye ? REVIEW Iso9g.J Capa » REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. ————_ tt The Exile,” a grand Melo-Dramatic Opera, in Three Acts, as performed at the King’s Theatre by his Majesty's Servants, late of the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden, written by F. Reynolds, esq. The Music entirely new. Composed by F. Mazzinghi, esq. 12s. HE music of this opera occupies eighty-seven pages, the first twenty- two of which are purely melo-dramatic. Of the general style of this part of the roduction, we can speak favourably; it is pleasing and fancitul; and had Mr. Mazzinghi prefixed to each movement a few words explanatory of the passion and scenic business meant to be elucidated and enforced, he would have enabled us -to judge of its analogy, emphasis, and otherdramatic qualities. Respecting the melodial part of the work, we have the satisfaction of saying, that it highly me- “rits our commendation. Some of the songs, as “How often will proud me- mory Trace?” sung by Mr. Incledon, and — “She’s gone, a. Daughter's Gone,” sung by Mrs. Dickons, particu- Jarly claim our notice, on account of the sweetness of their melodies, and the strength and justness of their expression. ome trivial defects we might mention ; such as the’false accent in the first bar of ‘How wretched is the Captive’s Lot !” and in some places, the adoption of a bass’not, perhaps the best that might have been chosen: but it would, at least, ’ be harsh, if not unjust, to withhold al- lowance for the haste in which music for the stage is generally obliged to be produced, especially in cases where, not- withstanding that disadvantage, so much that is eritorious presents itself to the critic’s attention, and where the known ability aud science of the composer is so adequate, as to compensate incunsider- able deficiencies. Four Rendos, under the title of the Village Rondo, the Peasant’s Rondo, the Cottage Ron- do, ard Consent, a Rondo, Each 2s. Gd. These Rondos, which are, we under- _ stand, the first four of a series of compo- sitions of the same species, intended to form a volume of pleasiig and familiar piano-forte music, form in the ageregate _ a favourable specimen of the general fair pretensions of the work. We cannot allow ourselves tu examine with fastidi- Gus scrupulousness, productions of this light description, or we might, perhaps, point out some passages not perfectly consonant with true taste or the eetab- +*-Montuty Mag., No, 179, lished laws of harmany ; especially in, the “Cottage Rondo.” We do not, how- ever, mean to detract from the real de- serts of these pleasingly imagined little pieces, the generaLstyle of which will not fail, as we should suppose, to give them circulation and popularity amongst juve- nile practitioners on the instrument for which they are designed. “© The Siege of St. Quintin, or Spanish He- roism,’’ a Drama,in Three Acts, as performed at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-Lane. 8s. The music of this opera, (the glee and march in which ,are composed by Mr. | Bishop, and the other parts by Mr. Hook,) though certainly not of a descrip- tion to challenge our warmest pralse, 1s far fromm being destitute of claims to our favourable notice. The overture is spi- rited, and not without some striking pas~ sages ; the march is bold and full of mi- litary effect; and some of the ‘songs are’ conceived with much propriety and liveliness of fancy. ‘6 The Banks of the Dee,” harmonized for Four Voices, with an Accompaniment for the Piano- forte. Composed by Dr. Fobn Clarke, of Cam- bridge. 3s. “The Banks of the Dee,” possesses much of that merit which has served to’ distinguish. the greater part of Dr. Clarke’s former publications. . In the conception of ' the melody we find much happiness of fancy, and in the combination no small portion of that seience and Judg-; ment, fer which we long since given the Doctor fulland unqualified credit. “© The Dream,” a Glee for. Four Voices, the Words. written by Thomas Mocre, esq. The Music composed by W. Hawes, gent. of bis Majesty's Chapel Roynl. 1s. : The parts of this Glee are put together with science and contrivance. The point taken up at the beginning of the second page is well sustained, and several of the passages serve to prove, that Mr. Hawes Is amusician reaching above mediocrity.» Vingticme et Dernier Pot Pourri pour le Piane- forte. Composé par D'Steibelt. 5s. This is a happily-varied and highly pleasing assemblage of movements from’ various authors, among the naines of whom we find those ef Haydn and Pleyel. They succeed each other with an effect’ that displays much judgment in the choice and avvanvement, and -thac will, we doubt not, ensure the favourable opi- nion of the generality of piano-forte per- formers. 4D Sonata, 5712 Sonata, for the Piano-forte, with an Accompa- niment for the Violin. Composed by Fobn Gildon. 33s. Gd. This Sonata consists of three move- ments, in the last of which is introduced, as its subject, an original Scotch Air, with the treatment and general effect of which we are much pleased: indeed, the whole Sonata ranks so far above the common productions of the day in the great requisites of novelty, spirit, and science, that Mr. Gildon might justly have adopted a prouder motto than the one he has selected “ Virginibus puris- gue caneo.” We think his composition qualified to gratify cultivated and veteran ears. “6 Love ina Tub,” a favourite Pastoral Ballet, as performed at the Theatre-Royal Drury Lane. The Ballet by Mr. D’Egville, The whole of tke Music composed and arranged Sor the Piano-forte, by H. R. Bisbop. 6s. While many of the passages of this in- genious little production are novel, ap- propriate, and highly agrecable, others, ‘we must say, are common-place, and of feeble expression. But spirit of inven- tion, and analogy of style, greatly pre- ponderate, and will, we are confident, recommend “ Love in a Tub,” to ex- tensive and favourable notice, &¢ Le Petit Ballet,” a favourite Divertisemcnt for the Piano-forte. \ Composed by Francis Panorma. 2s. The pretty trifles, (trifles the compo- ser, we are sure, will allow us to cail them) of which “ Le Petit Ballet” con- New Patents lately enrolled. [Jan.t, sists, are fancied with facility and taste. Every movement has a character, or fea- ture, of its own, and evinces a playful facility of fancy that cannot fail to favour- ably strike the ear of that class of per- formers for whose use the publication is intended. “The Owl,” a Song. The Poetry’ by Miss Scott, the Music by 7. F. Burrows. 1s. 6d. “The Owl,” is an interesting little composition. The adoption of a minor key at the opening, and the transition to the major, at the words ‘ while the maiden,” 1s judicious ; while the general effect indicates more than an ordinary portion of talents. Three Sonatas, with Six Progressive Preludes for the Piano-forte. Cumposed by F. Fis- rill. 65. These Sonatas possess many ingenious, and some very brilliant passages. The movements are judiciously contrasted, and the effect of the towt-ensemble is highly creditable to Mr. Fiorillo’s talent and judgment. The progressive preludes are well imagined, and will be found use- ful to the practical tyro. ‘6 The Rose,” a favourite Scottish Air, arranged with variations for the Piano-forte, by Ff. Ross, sg. of Aberdeen. 15. Gd. Mr. Ross has arranged his variations to this pleasing air, with much taste aud fancy. By giving it due application, young practitioners will not only find their ears delighted, but also their fingers unproved. NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. a MR. BENJAMIN COOK’s (BIRMINGHAM) fur a Method of making Barrels jor Fow- ling-pieces, §c. and Ram-rods for the same. HE metal used for gun-barrels is first _ cut into proper lengths, and then drawn out round, or of any other shape, by passing them between rollers or under the hammer, ‘The lengths are then fixed in alathe, or other proper machine, in or- der to be drilled. They are then drawn through plates with holes graduated one size below another, until they are drawn out the full lengths desired. Another method is to take plates or scalps of iron or steel, drawn under the hammer or roller to the proper size, form, and thickness, which ae turned over a mauudrel, beak iron, &c, to weld them, They are then drawn or forced through holes, or passed between rollers, till they have attained the proper length, size, form, and thickness. A third method is to take round or othet-shaped plates of iron, steel, or other proper metal, and force them through holes till they assume tubular forms. The advantages of these methods are, that the sides of the barrels will be of equal thickness throughout, without any irregu- larities or unsound places in any of the surfaces, inside or outside. They maybe made one third lighter by this mode than by the common method, and yet as strong _ or even stronger. Mr. Cook’s method of — making ram-rods is simply to draw them as wire is drawn, or to put them through rollers; and by this method they require no 1809: ] ho filing’ or grinding, as they leave the plates or rollers perfectly smooth and regular. a NR, WILLIAM CONGREVE’S (LONDON) fur a néw Principle of measuring Time. _ This principle is founded on certain modes of detaching the time-measurcr from the first mover for an extent of du- ration, far beyond any thing yet effected, and which is not confined within the li- mits of ordinary detachments. Thus the only detachments hitherto effected have either been limited to a period somewhat Jess'than the smallest portion of time in- dicated by the vibrations of their time- measurer, and have therefore seldom been extended beyond seconds; or they have been effected by the intervention: of an auxiliary power between the first mover and the time-measurer, which indeed ought scarcely to be considered as falling within the class of detached movements,as the time-measurer, when discharged from the maintaining power is, in this case, still combined with another force. But by the system here specified, the duration ot the detachment of the time-measurer from the first mover may, without the in- tervention of any immediate power, be extended to a period comprehending any number of the smaller portions of time, indicated by the time-measurer; in other words the time-measurer shall indicate seconds, or any smaller division, and yet it shall be absolutely detached from the yaintaining power for a period of one or more minutes. The great’ difficulty of combining the actions of-the regulating principle of clocks with the maintaining power, so that the regulating organ should be operated upon freely and uniformly by the pure action of gravity, neither acce- Jerated nor retarded by the non-accor- dance of the first mover, has long since pointed out that the only true system of effecting this desideratum was by detach- ing them, as much as possible, rather than by combination. With the ordinary regulators, that is to say, with the com- mon pendulum or balance-wheel:the ex- tent of this principle of detachment, as already observed, is extremely limited ; for, as with the most perfect detached eScapement in use, the maintaining power is allowed to act on the pendulum for a certain portion of every oscillation, it fol- Jows, that with the common pendulum it would be’ extremely inconvenient to*de- tach the first power for an interval much fonger than a second ; in so high a law do the lengths of pendulums increage as to New’ Patents lately enrolled. 573 their times; so that to obtain a detach- ment of 2” would require a pendulum of 13 feet 0,512 inches in length; to obtain one of a minute would require no lessa length than 11,738 feet 4.800 inches; the first, therefore, which would still be very limited as to any important correc- tion in its effect, would be of a most in- convenient, and the latter of an impossi- ble, length. By adopting the mode of this patent, however, it will be found tliat such or even a greater extension of detachment than a minute is practicable without any difficulty or inconvenience whatever, and even in a smaller space than is required frr the common seconds clock, The next general advantage is, that a clock made on this principle of extreme detachment requires a much less first power than @ common clock; for the power of the for- mer may be organized, so as to rest alto- gether for intervals of minutes, and to be limited when in action to less than half seconds between those intervals, while that of the latter is constantly exerted every second ; nevertheless, the maintain- ing power of the former need not have more to perform every minute than the other has every second. It follows, therefore, that a clock may be construct- edon this priciple to require only one sixtieth of the weight or power of a com- mon clock, or that with the same power it will go sixty times as long. Again, the mode of extreme detachment by di- minishing the quantity of the first force to so gréat a degree, and by the constant state of repose which it preserves in the train of the clock, removes almost entire- ly the strain and friction to which the works of a common clock are subject; so that the wear of the patent clock be- comes next to nothing, and it can, there- fore, scarcely ever reauire the application of oil, or get out of order. So also this system of detachment will be found great~ ly to simplify the train: in fact, the greater the extent of the detachment, the more simple will it be, by working from minutes instead of seconds, Notwith- standing which, however, the seconds, or any less division of time, may be indicat- ed with as much accuracy as in the more complicated train of the common time- piece. Mr. Congreve next describes his plan by means of drawings, observing that he has introduced a new modification of the action of gravity as applied to time-keeping, by taking as the time-mea- surer “a perfectly detached body, de- scending freely down an inclined plane :” . which modification, although it has never yet 574 yet been applied to the measurement of time, is as immutable in its operations as the oscillations of a pendulum, and is in fact governed by the same law. The ex- treme detachment of which it is capable, and certain specific advantages, which _ the pendulum does not possess, have pointed it out as an important agent in the measurement of time. ‘Thus we are told, that in the space of a moderatéty- sized table clock a time-piece is con- structed, the vibrations of the regulating organ of which are as slow as those of a pendulum 11,738 feet 4.800 inches in ' length, by which the first power is so re- served, that the weight or spring of a common eight-day clock may be made to Carry it 480 days; neither is there any fric- tion or motion in its train for one hundred and nineteen hundred and twentieths of the whole time of its going, while the train itself is also considerably more simple than that ofthe coznmon seconds clock, Tt is evident there are innumerable va- rieties of configuration in the application of this principle, which it is impossible to specify or even to anticipate, but which must, nevertheless, be integral parts of this invention, if they in any shape ac- complish the mode of measuring time by means of the extreme detachment here specified. And it is assumed by the pa- tentee that to obtain this, it cannot be lawful for any one to make use of any body, whether spherical, cylindrical, or conical, moving on any inclined plane, however the same may be combined with any machiuery or-clock-work whatsoever; whether the plane be simple or complex ; curvilinear or rectilinear ;/ whether it vi- brate or revolve ; whether the body moy- ing down it be a simple or a compound substance, consisting of one or more patts ; whether it be a fluid or a solid, or a combination of both. Various modes also may be introduced for the compen- sation of the expansions and contractions of temperature, either in the detent or in the rod, which it isnot necessary here to specity; but it should be observed, that an inherent pewer of compensation is combined in the very principle itself, for asthe plane expands so also does the ball and wice versa; the ball, therefore, moves guicker as its course is lengthened, and slower as it isshortened; because the vertical distance of the points of contact form the centre of gravity the ball encreases with the expansion, and de- creases with the contraction of this ball aid plane, so as to accelerate the motion New Patents lately enrolled. 4 ee = 7 4 q i [Jan. 15. of the ball in the first case, and retard it in the second. It appears, therefore, that this inherent property may, by a due pro- portioning of the diameter of the ball, and the matter of which itis formed, to the mean length of the plane and its compo- nent materials, be so adjusted as of itself to produce a perfect compensation. And lastly, with respect to the workmanship of clocks made on this principle, it ap- pears that less attention to it 1s required than in common clocks; for as to the train, it has so little comparatively to per= form, and so little of the measure of time has been shewn to depend upon it, that any want of superior workmanship must be little felt ; and for ordinary purposes, therefore, even Jess than ordinary accu- racy must be sufficient. The advantages are thus enumerated :—in the first place, the description of its action shews how much more the detachment is extended, and, how much more the pendulum, as the regulating organ is in this case left to the pure and unmixed action of gravity. In no escapement hitherto constructed has the pendulum a perfect freedom of oscillation, even for a single second, with- out having at some given point or other to unlock some detent, or perform some similar operation, which immediately brings upon it a controulmg power ina direction contrary to its spontaneous ef= fort, or an accelerating power to urge it forward; and which, from the infinite nicety of application required must, from its constant interference, continually tend to affect the isochronism of the pendu- lum. Here, on the contrary, for fifty~ nine seconds the gravity of the pendulum is the sole and uncentrouled cause of its motion, having its arcs of vibration nei- ther Jengthened nor shortened by ang urging or opposite cause, for the. mere driving of the light and perfectly free se- conds hand, constant, uniform, equally poised, and opposing no limit to the ares of vibration, can be considered as nothing but a small increase of friction on the point of suspension, until the sixtieth se- cond, wher it has to unlock the detent, and when at the same instant it receives a fresh supply of force, left, however, to operate as freely as before in the produc- tion of its effect upon fifty-nine out of sixty of the subsequent oscillations of the pendulum. In the second place, it will be found that considerably less first power is required to keep the same pendulem in action for a given time by this mode; be- cause one great impulse will be found to 1 be 1809.] - be given with much less absolute friction than the sum of a great number of small forces, even if they amount to the same impulse, for as many parts (or even more) of the train are in motion, and inas much motion each to produce the lesser im- pulse as the greater one; and, therefore, iN giving the one united impulse there is no more friction than in giving each of the sixty lesser ones; that is to say, the friction in applying the requisite main- taining power on this principle, is only one sixtieth of what it is in the ordinary mode. Inthe third place, this applica- tion of the system of extreme detach- ment has all the advantages of increasing the time of repose, as to the wear of the works in common with the inclined plane regulator, but it is of enhanced impor- tance with reference to the escapement ; for asin this case the swing-wheel and the pallet by which the force is imparted to the pendulum, are only in contact once in a minute, a relief is thus afforded to this most delicate and important part of the works, not accomplished by any escapement hitherto constructed. So also is the train in like manner simplified ; for the two swing-wheels are here the indicator of seconds and minutes, though both are connected immediately with the pendulum; that is, one revolves once in a minute, and the other once in an hour, without any intermediate train. Hence arises a great additional saving of friction and work ; for an eight-day clock requires only one pinion with the ordinary num- bers, and an extremely small power, and a year-clock may be made with only two Pinions, with the ordinary numbers of an eight-day clock, and with very little more power, ~ = BR. JOHN CARR’S (SHEFFIELD) for a Me- thod of applying Flat Ropes, Flat Bands, §c. to Cupsterns and Wind- lasses, and also for applying Flat or Round Ropes for the purpose of catch- ing Whales. : The method of applying the flat rope, hand, Wc. is by attaching them to the capstern, so that they may be easily taken of when required; or by having a splice New Patents lately enrolled. 575 may be disunited within a few yards of the end, or it may be wound in. two or more tiers; in which case it may not be necessary to apply multiplying wheels to work it: bat if the flat rope,.&c. be wound in one tier only, in-order to give sufficient power: to the sailors to heave the ship forward when the band has in- creased in diameter, it will be proper to fix a large tooth wheel on the capstern axletree, about equal in diameter to the greatest extent the rope goes to, which may be worked by a small nut wheel, or wheels, and two flat ropes, &c. may be applied on the same capstern. The pa- tentee has in his specification annexed drawings descriptive of his mode of ope- ration, and he adds that the nut wheel should be fixed about the centre of the vessel, which allows room for a sufficient length of capstern bars, and gives rooim to the saitors to apply their full powers and strength. The advantages of this invention in towing ships and vessels, consist in sav» ing the labour of the men, in expedition, and preventing the ship’s decks being so much eneumbered with ropes. Its utility as an operation in catching whales is thus described: first, the lines being wound upon the reels, and passing safely frona the reel to the:head of the boat, are not subject to-entangling, as in the old way: Secondly, they are not subject to injury or to be quickly destroyed, as they are in the old way, by running round the bol- lard. Thirdly, in the method usually em- ployed, men’s hands are frequently in- flamed by holding back the whale line. By the lever employed in Mr, Cam’s method (which with other parts cannot be well ex- plained without the aid of figures) the speed of the whale may be effectually retarded without danger or difficulty by the hay pooner, orother personappointed, Fourrh- ly, by this method the line is confined in the centre and stern of the boat, and wilt therefore prevent the danger and iNcon- venience to the men that would ensue if it were at liberty ; and by making a boat large enough to accommodate two reels and a sufficient quantity of lines, fewer boats and a smaller number of men will be required to man a whale ship, REPORT" [ 576. } REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the care of the late senior Physician of the Finsbury Dispensary, from the 20h of November to the 20th of December. _—_—_ia CARLATINA WEGtHinid C's ese ee PA LP fe eee Vermes Amenorrhea sescsesesereees, cele ee ee er 5 SS HS a Sep: Netets Grae 4 WM pStee Oe ie HfL Se as see ae, Hypochondriasis et Dyspepsia -..----. 7 Moxbilnfantiles: «ors lessens Silvéwond, Thomas. Settle. York, innkeepers (Heelisy staple inn, London, and Carr, Skipton . Skelton. James Bramley, Size-lane, merchants (Dann aud Crofland, Broad ftreer Smnith, Jofeph, Newport. Monmouth, .coal merchant. (White ombe and King, Serjeant’s inn, Fleet treet, and Frankis. Briftol Stamford. Edward. York ftreet, Commercial rood, flour- fattor. (Hunt, Warwick court, Holborn ar Stanley, William, Manchefter, innkeeper, | (Robinfon, Manchefter, and Lyon and Collyer, Gray's inn, London Stockwell. George, Sheernefs, boat builder, (Silvelter, Queenborough, and , Gray's inn : Stone, Henry, Wilton, Nereford, corn-factor, (Tarrant, Chancery lane, and Clifford, Brifol Swire, Samuel, Halifax, merchant. (Cardle and Spear, Gray’s inn, London, and Edwards, Halifax — Thomas, John, Liverpanl, vy ctualler. (Kidd. Liverpool, and Cooper and Lowe, Southampton buildings, Chane cery lance Thorneley, Williem, Cornbrook, Lancafter, dyer. (Kearse ley and Cardwell, Manchefter, and Ellis, Curfitor freer, London Titley, Willlam, and Wrightfon Greenwood, Leeds, Staf= ford, mercers. (Barber and Brown, Fetter jane, (London, and Aftbury. Stone, Stafford Topp, Samuel, Chadderton, Lancafter. (Johnfon and Railey, Mancheiter. and Ellis, Curfitor freer, Londun Turley, Thomas, Merthyr-Tidvil, Glamorgan, brewers (Jenkins. Jaines, ana Abbott, New inn, London, and Meyrick, Merthyr-Tidvil s Ware, William, Caldicott, Monmouth thopkeeper- (Tar- rant, Chancery lane, and Smith, Briftol Wheatley, George, south Shields, Durham, draper. (Carr, Newcaftle upow Tyne. and Atkinfon, Chancery lane Whitaker, William, Chariton row, Manchetter, manufac turer, (Kearfley and Cardwell, Manchelier, aud Hurd, Temple, London >» White, Thomas, Stroud, Kent, coal-merchant, field, Bouverie ftreet, London Willats, Frederick, Brewer ftreet, Golden fquare, cheefe- Monger. (Gatty and Haddan, Angel court, Throg- morton ftreet Willis, Thomas, Bath, carpenter. (Shephard and Ad- lington, Bedford row, and Sheppard, Bath Wilfon, William, Shakfpeare waik, Shadweil, merchants (Carter. Staple inn Winch, Nathaniel John, Newcaftle upon Tyne, merchant. * (aAtkinfon. Chancery lane ; Winch, William, Long Jane, Southwark, carpenters (Marfon, Charch row, Newington Butts A Wood, Thomas, Rochdale, Lancatter, fationer. (Shute tieworth, Rochdale, and Chippindall, Temple, Londoo Young, Solomon, Newport ftreet, linen draper. (Car. penter and Baily, Bafinghall ftreet ; Young, William, Ardwick, Manchelter, dealer and chap= man, (Hurd, Temple, and Law, Manchetter DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED, Allcroft, Robert, Sheffield, fcifor-manufacturer, Dec. 23 Altham, William, Tokenhoufe yard, baker, Jan.7, Feb. 7 Anderitals omoney Dean treet, Soho, piauo-torte maker, an. 2 anthers Henry, Canterbury, feedfman, Dec. 29 Angus, Wiliam, Rochefter, dinenedraper, Jan. 10 Anttie, John, Devizes, Wiits, clothier, Jan. 12 Anwyl, Thomas .Livyd, Shrewsbury, money fcrivener, Dec, 28 Arbuthnott, Alexander, and Richard Bracken, Philpoc Jane, London, aud Sirmingham, merchants, Peb. 7 Atkinfon, George, Cloth Fair, Smithfield, glazier, Dec. 27 Aungier, George, Kent road, Surry, diftiller, Dec. 20 HeRETS Charles, Saville piace, Lambcth, flour-factor, ec 27 Balley, Stephen, Briftol, tailor, Dec. 27 Barclays James, Old Broad treet, merchant, Jan. 17 Bartlett, Charlies, Cannon ftreet road, Middlefex, ftones mafon, Jap. 3 Baylis, Stephen, Cedbury, Hereford, baker, Dec, 31 Beech, John, Birmingham, buttou maker, Jan. 10 Beale, Lloyd, aud Thomas Alexander Seale, Bafinghall ftreet, warehoufemen, Jan. 19. Beale, Thomas Alexander, Bafinghall ftreet, warehoufee man, Jan. 19 : . Beale, Lloyd, Bafinghall ftreet, warehoufernan, Jan- -19 Beetion, Henry Grundy, Gray's inn fyusre, money fcri- vener, Dec. 17 . t Bell, Robert, and Robert Hedley, Newcafle upow Tyne, woullen-drapers. Jan. 6 Bithop. John, and John Terry, Maidfone, upholders, an. 24 Bintenford, Peter, Lifton, Devon, miller, Dec. 29 Blinc, George, and John Morca, Little Carter lane, Doce tor’s Commons wholefale grocers, Jan. 21 Bowen, Thomas. Rhodiad. Vembroke, Shopkeeper, Dec. 20 Bradnock, Thosaas, Walfall, Stafiord, fadier’s ironmouger, an.i2 aiden William, Jan. 10 ‘ \ Erown, William, and Juhn Yoxen, Jermyn ftreet, thoes makers, Jan. 17 Buli, Sarah, Brewer ftreet, Golden fyuare, tallow chand- ler. Dec. 47 Busby, William, Strand, hatter, Dec, 24 Rusby, William. and Ifaac Hill, Scrand, hatters, Dec. 24 Byrchmore, Timothy, Market ftreet, Oxford market, vic- tualler, Dec. 17 Byrne, John, Liverpool, wine-merchant, Jan. 6 Czmpbeil, James, Shakf{peare tavern, Covent garden, vinte ner, Dec. 17 i 7 Carden, Vhomas, St. Michael's alley, Cornhilly infurance- broker, Dec. 20 er teat John, Bread fircet, Cheapfide, an. 30 Caute, John, Great Wakering, Effex, Dec. 24 ; mda eS Richaid, Newcaitle upon Tyne, ironmonger, eC..21 : ror Charles, High Holborn, chymift and druggift, an. Child, George Augufus, Brifol, fcrivener, Jan. 16 Clark, William, Hythe, Kent, tailor, Jan. 11 Clofe, William and Matthew, Leeds, York, dyers. Jan. 2¢° Clofe, William, Leeds, York, dyer, jan. 21 Coates, Edward, ‘Thomas Mafiey. and Jofeph Hall, Hore ninglow, Stafford, brewers, Jan.10 Cooke, Thomas, Glocefter, merchant, Dec, 27 Cowperthwaite, William, and James Waring, Manchefer,y manufacturers. Dec. 26 ng se waite, William, Qld Fift ftreet, London, grocer, Ce gh : (Bous- Cirencefter, Gioucefter, innkeeper, warehoufemany, Crocker, 7 1809.] * Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. Crocker, George, Biddeford, Devon, fhip builder, Dec. 21 Crombie, David, Great Hermitage ‘treet, Middlefex, mae rinéry Feb. 4 Crump, Thomas, Wefminfter road, tinman, Dec. 24 Dall, Robert. Maresfield, Suffex, collar maker, Jan. 17 Daniels, Jofeph Elkin, otherwife Jofeph Ekin Daniels, Coleman ftreet. merchant, Dec. 17 Davis, George, Cranbourn ftreet, Leicefter fields, linen- ‘aper, Dec. 6 mari Samuel, Bury ftreet, St. Mary Axe, merchant, an. 31 Dawfon, Elliott, Hinckley, Teicefter, hofier, Jan. 3 Dearing. Phomas, and Michael Forfter, Litchheld ftreet, Seho, hotel-keepers, Jan. 17 Delancey, Angel Raphaei Louis, BlakeJey, Lancaltery dyer, Jan. 16 Denham. Samuel, Bermondfey ftreet, Southwark, tailor, Jan. 21 Bennett, Richard, Greek ftreet, Soho, cheeferronger, eC. 2g Dickinfon, William, Upholland, Lancafter, plumber, Dec. 19 Downs, William Auguftus, Brewer fircet, Gulden @ are, usidertaker, Jan. 17 Duiiey, Charles Stokes, Gracechurch ftreet, merchant, : jan, 2 Dutrou, Jofeph, Burwardsley, Chefter, cheefefactor, eieicateghiert; Chorley, Lancafter, cotton-manufacturer, Biiat, Thomas, Bedrord ftreet, Covet garden, tailur, Faulaine: Eaward, Gainsborough, Lincoln, linen-draper, Fenner, John, Lawrence lane, London, wholefale liven: draper, Jan: 28 Fenton, Francis, Sheffield, merchant. Dec. 23 Forihaw, James, Preftun, Lancalter, linen-draper, Jan. § Fofiey, John. Dunfiable, Beds, ftraw-hat-manu/facturgr, an. 20 Fue Samuel, Cambridge, draper, Dec. 31 Gardner, Themas, Shorcoitch, haberdahher, Jan- 17 Glover. Chailes, albemarle treet, uphoilterer, Dec. 14 Govdwin, William, King’s orms Stairs, Wehmintter bridge road, timber merchant, Dec. 24 Goujden, Robert, Liverpool, inerchant, Dec, 19 Goulton, William, :elby. York, linen-draper, Jan. 4 Green, john, turtunin Lonfdale, York, cotton fpinner, _- Dec. 22 Green. Richatd, Bithopfegate ftreet, jeweller, Dec. 24 Green, Valentine, Percy ttreet, Tottenham court ruad, en- grayer. Dec 17 Greeny Rupert, Percy ftreety Tottenham court road, en- grvaver, bec. 7 Greenwood jonn, and William Giimaldi, Oid Bond ftreet, auctioneers, Jan. 4 Lilie Edward, Monkwearmouth, an. 5 Harvifon, Thomas. the younger, Sandford hall, Gloucefter, timber-merchaut, Jan. 4 Hart, oenry, Great Coram ftrect, Brunfwick fyuare, bro- ker, Jan. 21 Hawketworth, William, Jan. ty Haywaid, James Corbin, Chamber Greet, Goodman's helds, mow or late purfer of the Balt India Company’s fhip United Kingdom. Jan. 14 Hirt, jofeph, Sutuk lan{s Cannon ttreet, London, broker, April 4 He lirtas Thomas. Horfham, Surry, nurferyman, Dec. 3r Hookham, thomas Jordan, New Bond fercet, bookfelier, Dec. 24 ‘ Hopkins Samuel, Leeds. merchant. Dec. 17 Hughes Thomas, Kenwert ftreet, St» James’s, vidtualler, Dec. 24 Hufey “harles, and Nicholas Hufey, Newgate freet, linen drapers, Feb 14 ackfim John. Sculcoates, York, cabinet-maker, Jau. 3 eiferfon Richard, and William Dickinfon, Hull, woollen- Grupers, Jan. 13 _ Jennings Thomas, Bunhill row, wharfinger, Jan. 19 _ Joel Mofes. High (treet, Shoreditch, dealer in g!afs and ‘ earthehware, Dec. 24 Johnfon Elijah. Bleeding Hart yard, Charles ftreet, Hat- tou garceu. cabinet maker, Jan. 17 Jobnion William Catlin, abd John Whitthire, Huntingdon, drapers, Feb. 14 2. Johnitone Andrew, and John Nainby, Finch lane, perfu- Mer, Jan. 28 ‘Kay James, Johu Watfon the elder, Paul Catterall, and : David Ainfworth, all of Freon, machine-makers, Dec. 23 “Keen Navid. Framlingham, Suffolk, furseon. Jan. 13 eecly Jon, Mauchefter, manufacturer, Jan. .6 ennion John the elder and younger, Nicholas lane, bro- n kers. Jane 2 Lane John, Thomas Frafer, and Thomas Boylfon, Nicho- 3 las lane, merchants, Jan. «7 Leer Margzret, Lictie Ruffel ftreet, Covent garden, vint- ner, Dec. 24 Lilley Wefitheld, St. John ftreet, Clerkenwell, linen-draper, ap. 1 a ia’ Wiiism, Cateaton ftreet, warehoufeman, Jan. 7 " Lockier James, Briftol, upholder, Dec. 22, 23. 30 a8 fohn the cider, Johu Lumas the younger, and Jo- feph Hold{worth Lomas, Leiceiicr, w0ol-ttaplers, Jan.17 u - Loh Georce, William Loth, and John Robinfon, Newcaftle 4. upon Tyne. iron-manufactuiers, Dec. 23 Lowe, Williem, Drury lane, cabinet-maker, Jan. 3 Lucas Wiliam, Cheapfise, warehoufeman, Jan. 7 Lund Charlies Lewis, Olu Jewry, London, factory Dec. 24 ) Marthall fohn, Venby, York, tanner, Dec, 23 Monituty Nac., No. 179. Durham, coalficter, Blackfriars road, linen-draper, 579 Maxfield Thomas, Lewes. Suflex. grocer. Dec. 24° May Samuel. and John Spooner, Great Portland (treet. hae berdawhers. Jan, 10 Mayei! William. Iste of Exeter. but now a prifoner in the gaol of Salisbury. jeweller. Dec. 13 Mec fired Macall. Finsbury fyuare. M ddlefex, merchante EC. 13 Mercer John. Uxbridge, and Nicholas Mercer. Chatham _. Place. ni¢almen. Jan. 30 ut James. Wood within Sadd!eworth, eCe SF Mills Charles. Colonnade. St. Pancras. baker. Dec. 2 aamcer Thomas. Newcatie upon Tyne. linen drapete Jats 17 Moore Mary. Albemarle freet, fincy-drefs maker. Jan. 3a Morgan Edward, Noble ftreet, warehoufeman Jan.17 Morris William. Manche@er leather feller, Jan. 2$ Morton Charles. Croytion, Surry. horfe dealer. Dec. 13 Mure Hutchinfon, obere Mure. and William Mure, Fem church ftreet, merchants. Jan. 10 Mufiou Thomas. Holme. Lancatter. cotton fpinner. Jan. 24 Nantes Henry. Warnford court. Throgmorton ftreet, mere chant. Jan. 2 Neale John. and Peter Tanner. Cock hill, _ alefex, dealers in coals. June 19 : Nunes [faac (trael. and Abraham Irael Nunes. Hackneye merchants, Peb. 4 Oates Edward. Leeds, York. drvfalter. Jan. 23 Ogilby. William Frederic. Minories druggift. Jan. 24 Orchard George. otherwife George Tryov Orchard. Copene hagen Houfe, Iflineton victualler. Jan. .7 Parkin Thomas. Witham in Holdernefs. York. woolmons fer. Jan, 6 ‘ Parkinfou Jeremiah. and John Stork. St. Saviour’s Church yard. Southwarks hop-fa¢tors: Jan, 31 Parr William. Lower Shadwell. grocer. Dec 24 Partridge William. Exeter. ferge-maker- jane 14 Peacuck Juhn. Hull, merchant. Dec. 13 * Pears Samwell. read ftreet, warchoufeman. John Watfate John Watfon the younger. aud fofeph Watéon, Preftone Lancafter + cotton-manufaGurers. Pec. 6 Leather lane. oilmaa” Dec. 17, thartcl che elder and younger. Eaftingtoms _ Gloucefter. cluthiers. Dec. 29 Philips william. Rochefter. tailor. Dec. 17 Pritchard John Starey. Wigmore ftreet, Mary-la-boonee erocer, Dec. 31 ye Jahn, Nerrow ftreet. Limehoufe. fthip-chandlera . an 21 . Richard George. Gough fquare. furrier. Jan, 21 Robinfun Joha, Newcaftle upon Tyne. ironemanufacturere _Dece 23 Role Bet uard, New City Chambers. London. merchants ec. 13 Rowe John. Caftle ftreet. Falcon fyuare. Dec. 27 gt ee Rotherfield Peppard. Oxford. miller. Dece 13e an. al ' Salt William, Stockport. Chefer. joiner. Jan. 16 Sargeant George Edward. Portfea. Hants. Dec. 17 Sayer jofeph. Upper North place. Gray’s inn lane, coach and harnefs-maker. Dec. 27 Seabrook Richard. Great Bradley. Suffolk butcher. Jan. 4 Shaw Chriftopher. Jofeph Graham. and Johy Zurn. South= _ampton. wine-merehant. Jan. 21, Smith William, Wolverhampzon. Stafford. butcher. Dec. 19 Sones George. Gofport, Southampton. boot-makere fan. 19 Southard George. New Bond ftreet. linen-draper. Dec. 17 Spencer Houghton. Weft Wratticg. Cambridge. maltitere — York. Gyere Ratcliff. Mid« flopfellere Dec. 24 — William. Mortimer ftreet. Middlefex. merchatite an. 2s . Steadman Thomas. Redmire. York. grocer. Jan. 30 Stutterd Thomas. Lindley. York. Jabez Stutterd, of Lind= ley. and ‘ihomas Littlewood. Oidfield. York, mere chants. Jan.6 . Thomas William Charles, Nicholas jane. merchant. Jan. 24 _ Thomptfon William. Dean freet. Southwark, and Ebenezer Leacbester. Moor piace. Lambeth. merchants, Jan, 3®@ Thompfon William. Manchetter, grocer, Dc. 21 Thorpe William. Pocklington. York, grocer. Jan. § Ticken William. Mariow Sridge. Uerks, dealer and chape min, Dec 17 Travers Benjamin. abd James Efdaile the younger. Dec, & Varley John, Maucheller, diyfaiter, Dec. 14 Varndeil William, Hartley Row. Hants, coach-mekere Jan. 24 Vinn Thomas. Cl:meot’s lane, Lombard ftreet, dealer and chapman Dec, :0 : > Watkis Thomas Itimael. Saiford. Laocafter, cotton: mer- chant. Dec. ig Waifon William. Great Cambri ge ftreet. Hackney roade Jan. 24 le Waybran Jofeph. and James Gerrard. Swan ftreet, Miao- ries. coru-facto’s. Jan 28 Whatley Ray. Crilum ttreet. brandy-merchant. Jan. 30 Whitaker fohu the elder. William Whitaker. Stockports Cheftet, and John Whitaker rhe younger. of Edgleys Cheadic. Chefter. corton manufa¢turers. Jan. 16 White Thomas. Southwark, haberdaiher.. Dec. 6 Whitehead fofeph. Stockpurt. Chetter. vidtualler. Jan. 16 Wcken. Joteph. Sandhurnc. Kent, grocer. Jan. 14 Wieuhot Jonna Birkert. Ord Swan, merchant. jan. 21 Wilkins John. and tomas Lacey, Bafinghali ftreet. face tors. Dec. 1% Wilkinfon Jomua Richard. Horfleydown. cooper. Feb. 14 Williams Robert, Oxford freer, firaw-hat-manufacturere Dec, 24 Wilfop Edward. St. James's ltreet. hatter. Dec. 31 Winterbourn Thomas. Aiderfgate ftreet. cabinet-makers au. Zt Woennatt Alexander. Liverpool. wine-merchant. Dec. [5 Wright Charles, Aldgate. cobacconit, Feb, 7 ‘ : STATE 4k ( 580 ) STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN DECEMBER. Containing official Papers and aathentic Documenis. (Jan 1, I . ~ SPAIN. Firse Bulletin of the French Army of Spain. VITTORIA, Nov.9.—Position of the French army on the 25th of October :—Head quar- ters at Vittoria. The Marshal Duke of Cor- negliano, with his left wing, along the banks of the Arragon and the Ebro, Head-quarters at Tafalla. The Marshal Duke of Elchingen js with his head quarters at Guardia. The Marshal Duke of Istria has his head-quarters at Miranda, witha garrison in Fort Pancorba. The General of division Merlin occupies with one division the heights of Durango, and presses upon the enemy, who seem disposed to attack the heights of Mondragon. The “Marshal Duke of Dantzic having «arrived “with the divisions of Sebastiany and Laval, the king was pleased to order the division of Meriin to return The enemy being in the sfean time in force at Lerin, and having oc- “eupied Viana, and several posts on the left bank of the Ebro, the king ordered the Duke of Cornegtiano,to advance aganist the enemy. General Waltier, commander of the cavalry, and the brigades of Generals-Herbert, Brune, and Razout, proceeded against the enemy’s sposts. On the 97th of October the enemy “were defeated at all points. ‘Twelve hundred men, who were surrounded in Lerin, at first _ghewed a disposition to defend themselves 5 but General Grandjean having made bis ar- rangements, defeated them completely, ma- _ king prisoners one Colonel, two Licut.-Colo- nels, 40 officers, and 1200 soldiers. These troops formed a part of the camp of St. Roque, before Gibraltar. At the same time, Marshal the Duke of Elchingen marched for * Logrona, passed the Ebro, took 300 of the _ enemy prisoners, pursued them several miles, and re-established the bridge of Logrono, In consequence of this event, the Spanish Ge- neral Pignatelli, who commanded the insur- gents, was stoned by them. The troops of the traitor Romana, and the Spanish prisoners in Fnzland, landed by the English in Spain, with the divisions of Gallicia, making together a force of 50,000 men, threatened from Bilboa Marshal the Duke of Dantzic, who, led on by a noble ardour, advanced wpon themen the Sist of October, and drove them at the point of the bayonet from all their positions. The troops of the Confederation of the Rhine, and particularly the corps of Baden, distin- “guished themselves. ‘The Marshal Duke of “Dantzic closely followed up his pursuit of the enemy, the whole 4st of November, as far as Guenes, and. entered Bilboa. In ‘the city very Considerable magazines were found. Several Englishmen were made pri- soners. The ewemy’s loss in killed and wounded was considerable ; but we took very few of them prisoners. Our loss consi:ts of only 50 killed, and about 100 wounded, However praiseworthy this action was, it was tobe wished that it had not taken place 5 the Spanish corps was in a Situation to have been completely cut off. ‘The corps of Mar- shal Victor having just arrived, was detached from Vittoria ‘to Orduna. On the 7th of November, the enemy, reinfurced by fresh troops from St. Andero, occupied the heights of Guenes. ‘The Marshal Duke of Dantzic advanced against them, and. broke througb their centre. The 58th and 52d regiments distinguished themselves upon, this occasion, Had these events occurred in the plains, not a man of the enemy would have escaped 5 but the mountains of St. Andero and Bilboa are almost impas able, The Duke of Dantzic pursued the foe dur ng the whole oi the day in the passes of Valmaseda. In these various affrays, the enerny have lost in killed and wounded from 3500 to 4000 men. The Duke of Danztic particularly praises the Generals of Division Laval and Sebasti- ani, the Dutch General Chassey, Colonel Lacoste, of the ¢7th regiment of light in- fantry, Colonel Baco, of the 63d regiment of the line, and the Colonels of the regiments of Baden and Nassau, upon whom his Ma- jesty has conferred rewards. The army is abundantly supplied with provisions, and the weather is very fine. Our columns are marching forward, and combining their movements. It is supposed that the head- quarters will move forward to-night from Vittoria. Second Bulletin of the Army of Spain. Burges, Now. 12.—The Duke of ,Dantzic entered Valmaseda, in pursuit of the foe. @n the 8th, General Sebastiani discovered the rear-guard of the insurgents\upon a high hill to the right of Valmaseda: he immediately advanced against them, defeated them, and tovk about 100 of them prisoners. In, the mean time, the city of Burgos was occupied. by the army of Estremadura, consisting of three divisions. ‘The advanced guard was composed of Walleons and Spanish guards; and the students of the Universities of Sal. manca ai d Leon, diviced into several batta- lions, and some regiments ofthe line, with other corps raised since the insurrection of Badajoz, made the whole of this army amount to little short of 20,000 men. The command of the cavalry of the army was given to Marshal the Duke of Istria; and the Emperor confided the command of the second’ corps to Marshal the Duke of Dalmatia. On the 10th, at day-break, the latter Marshal | marched at the head of the division of Mou- ton, to xeconnoitre the enemy. On reaching Gamonal, he was received with the discharge oF thirty pieces of artillery. This was the signal for.adyancing at the pas de charge ; the infantry & 1809.] infantry of the division of Mouton attacked them, supported by the artillery. The Wal- loons and Spanish guards were defeated at the first onset. The Duke of Istria, at the bead of his ‘cavalry, attacked them in flank. The enemy were completely routed ; 3000 of them being left dead on the field. We took 12 pair of colours, 25 pieces of cannon, and 5000 prisoners. ‘The remainder were completely dispers-d~ Our troops entered-the city of Burgos intermixed with the enemy, and the cavalry pursued them in all directions. This army of Estremadura, which had come frem Madrid by forced marches, whose first enterprise was the assassination of their un- fortunate General Count Torres, and which was completely equipped with English arms, besides being in the pay of England, is no longer in existence. The colonelofthe Wal- Joon guards, and a considerable number of the superior officers, are prisoners. Our loss was very inconsidereble, consisting only of 12 or 15 killed, and at most 50 wounded ; only one captain was killed by a cannon ball. This affair, which we owe to che excellent dispo- sitions of the Duke of Dalmatia, and the in- trepicity with which the Duke of Istria led on the cavalry, does the greatest honour to the division of Mouton; though it is well ksown that this division consists of curps: whose name alone has for a long time beena titie of honour. The castle of Burgos has been occupied, and was found in good condi- tion ; i¢ contained considerable quantities of flour, wine, and grain. On the 11th, the Emperor reviewed the division of General Bonnet, and immediately detached it towards the entrance of the passes of St. Andero. The position of the army this day is as fol- lows :—The Mirshal Duke of Bellune is’ in close pursuit of the remains -of the army of Gallicia who are flying in the direction of Villateayo and Reynosa, towards which points the Duke of Dalmatia is also marching: They cam have no other resource than that of dis- persing in the mountains with the Joss of ar- tillery, baggage, and every thing that con- stitutes anarmy. His Majesty, the Emperor, is with his guard at Burgos. General Mil- haud is marching with his division upon Pa- Yencia. Genera} Lasalle has taken possession of Lerma. Thus in an instant have the armies of Gallicia been defeated, dispersed, and partly annihilated, notwithstanding all the corps of our army have nop yet come up. Three- fourths of the cavalry, and almost one half of the infantry remain behind. The army of the insurgents exhibited the » most singular contrast. In the pockets of the Officers who were killed, were found lists of _ the ‘companies, having some of them the name of Company of Brutds, aud some of them Company of the People. There were companies of Students, and others that had the names of Saints. Such were the military bands that €omposed the insu: gent army of the p-asants. Anarchy and contusione-these were what Progress of the French Army in Spain. 58l England sowed in Spain What will she reap fromthem? ‘The hatred of this brave peo- ple, when they are once enlightened, and un- der a good government ; for the rest, the x= travagance of the leaders of the insurgents is every where notorious. Among the standards that have fallen into our hands are some bear- ing a representation of the Lion of Spain tearing in pieces the Imper.al Eagle. And who are they that have indulged in such em blems? The worst troops in Europe, The cavalry of the army of Estremadura could not even so much as face us. The instant the 10th regiment of chasseurs came in sight of them, they were put to the rout, and were no longer to be seen. The Emperor reviewed the corps of the Duke of Dalmatia previous to’ its marching from Burgos in pursuit of the rear of the army of Gallicia. His Majesty has made various promotions, distributed rewards, and is &x- tremely well satisfied with the conduct of these troops. He has expressed his satisfaction to the conquerors of Medina, Rio Seco, and Burgos, the Marshal Duke of Istria, and Ge- nerals Merle and Mouton. Third Bulletin of the Army of Spain. Burgos, Nov. 13.—The army of Gallicia is’ flying from Bilboa, and is followed by Mar- shal the Duke of Bellune in the direction of Espinosa, and Marshal the Duke of Dantzicia that of Villarcayo. Marshal the Duke of Dalmatia has proceeded for Reynosa to cut off their retreat; so that very important events may be exp-cted. General Milhaud has en- tered Palencia with his division of cavalry, and sent detachments to the passes of Rey- nosa, in pursuit of a park of artillery, be- longing to the army of Gallicia. The young students of Salamanca, who thought of nothing short of the conquest of France, and the fanatical peasantry that al< ready dreamed of plundering Bayonne and Bourdeaux, and conceived that they were every where conducted by Saints that had up- peared to their cheating monks, now see all their mischievous illusions vanishing; their despair and confusion are at their height; they lament over the misfortunes to which they have become a prey, the falsehoods they have been made to believe, and the causeless struggle in which they have involved thém- selves. The whole plain of the Castiles is already covered with our cavalry; the ardour and zeal of our troops enable them ‘to march fourteen or fifteen miles a day, with great ease. Our pigquets are upon the Donro. The whole coast, trom St. Andero to Bilboa, is cleared of the enemy. The unfortunate city of Burgos, a prey to all the calamities of a city taken by storm, trembles with terror, Priests, monks, and inhabitants, took to flight, upon the first tidings of the battle, apprehensive that the soldicrs‘of the army of Estrermadura would, as they gave out, defend themselves in their houses, and that they would be first plundered by ' 582 by these, and afterwards by our soldiers, who, having driven out the enemy, would find no inhabitints there. Such men as M. Vanstein, who from want of troops of the line, found themselves incapable of opposing our eagles, encourage the extravagant idea of an Insurrection e2 masse, ought to be sensible of the evils resulting from it, and of the very inconsiderable obstacles which such a resource can offer toregular troops. In Burgos and the environs, a quantity of wool has been found, to the amount of thirty millions, which his Majesty the’ Emperor has ordered to be put under sequestration. . All the ,wool belonging to monks, or any other persons who have joined ‘the insurgents, will be confiscated and appropriated in the first Instance to the indemnification of the losses sustained by the French ; for even at Madrid, Frenchmen resident for 40 years, have been stripped of their property. Those Spaniards ‘who have been faithful to their king were declared exiles. ‘he property of the most virtuous and enlightened minister Asanza, of the most abie seanian Massaredo, and of the best soldier in Spain O*Farril, has been pub- licly sold. That of Campo d’Alange, respect- able for his virtues, his reputation, and his ‘wealth, being the owner of 60,000 merinos, ~and having an annual income of three mil- Vions, has become the prey of these frantic proceedings, Another measure ordered by the Emperor _ is, the confiscation of all English goods and colonial produce, landed in Spain since the in- surrection, The merchants of London do very well to send their merchandize to Lisbon, Oporto, and the ports of Spain. The more they send; the greater the contribution with which they supply us, The city of Palencia, governed by a\worthy bishop, has received our troops with kind. hess. The city suffers none of the evils of war. A virtuous bishop who observes the doctrines of the gospel, and who is inspired with christian charity, and from whose lips flows nothing but honey, is the greatest bles- sing that Heaven can bestow upon a people: but an ambitious, rancorous, and wicked pre- Tate, who preaches nothing but insurrection, disobedience, and disorder, is a monster that God fras sent.in his wrath to nations to mis- Tead them, by polluting the very fountain of morality. In the prisons of Burgos area great number of monks, who were stoned by the peasantry. «© Wretclies !* said they to them, ¢¢ it is you that have plunged us into this gulf of misery ; perhaps we shall never again behold our un- happy wives and our poor children. Wrretch- és!-a righteous God will punish you in hell for all the calamities you -have brought on our families and our country.” Fourth Bulletin of the Army. of Spain. Bargos, Now. 15.— His Majesty yester- day reviewed the division of Marchand. He appointed the most meritasious officers and Progress of the French Army in Spain. : (Jan. 1, sub-officers to to fill the vacant commissions, and bestowed rewards upon the soldiers that distinguished themselves. His Majesty was highly pleased with these troops, who had just arrived, without a single halt, from the banks of the Vistula, The Duke of Elchin- gen,lias set off from Burgos. The Emperor reviewed his guard this morning upon the plain of Burgos. His Majesty afterwards in- spected the division of Desolies, and filled up all the vacancies in that division. Events are in preparation, and all is in progress. No-~ thing can succeed in war that is not the re- sultvof 2 well-digested plan. Among the prisoners were some who had on their buttons en eagle reversed, with two arrows, and the motto, To the Conqueror of France. By this ridiculous bravado we may eusily recognize the countrymen of Don Quixotte. It would be impossible to find worse troops either in the mountains or the plains. Clownish ignorance, silly conceits, cruelty towards che weak, and baseness to- wards the strong—such is the scene we have before us. ‘The monks and the inquisition have plusged this na ion into barbarism. Ten thousand light infantry and dragoons, with 24: field-picces marched off on the 11th to attack the rear of the English division that was said to be at Valladolid. These brave fellows went over 34 miles of ground in two days, but our hopes were disappointed. We entered Palencia and Valladolid, and advanced even six miles farther, and found no English- men, but abundance of promises and assur= ances. In the mean time it appears certain thyt a division of their troops has disembarked at Corunna, and that another division, at the beginning of this month, entered Badajoz. The day we fall in with them will be a day of festivity to the French army.’ May they moisten with their blood that Continent which they have desolated with their in- trigues, their monopoly, and their horrible selfishness! May they, instead 20,000, be 80 or 100,000; that the English mothers may learn what the calamities of war are, and that the English Government may not always continue to sport with the lives and blood of the people of the Continent. The greatest falsehoods, the hasest means, have been employed by English Machiavelism to mislead the Spanish nation; but. the bulk of it is still good. Biscay, Navarre, Old Castile, and the greater part of Arragon itself, are well dispused. The nation in general beholds with the most profound sorrow, the abyss into which it is plunged, and will speedily curse the authors of so many calamities, Florida Blanca, who is at the head of the insurgents, is the person who was Minister under Charles I[I. He was always the sworn enemy of France, and the zealous partisan of - England. It is to be hoped that be will, in the evening of his days, discover the errors of his political live. He is anoid man, who, to the blsndest attachment to the English, adds the >= ) u 1809.] the most credulous superstition. His confi- dents and friends are the most fanatical and stupid of the Monks. . Tranquillity is testored at Burgos and the environs. To the first moment of fury, con- fidence has succeeded. The peasants have returned to their villages, and are agaia pur- Suing their labours, Fifth Bulletin of the Army of Spain. Burgos, Nov. 16.—The fate of the army of Estremadura has been decided in the plains of Burgos, The Gallician army, beaten in the battles of Durango, Guinos, and Valmaseda, has been dispersed in the battle of Espinosa. This army was composed of the ancient Spanish troops which were in Portugal and Gallicia; the militia of Gallicia, Asturias, and Old Castile ; of 5000 Spanish prisoners, whom ‘ the English had disembarked at St. Andero ; of the volunteers of Gallicia, and the regi- ments of artillery; and of the troops which the traitor Romana had carried away from the north, This army had the presumption to attempt cutting off our communication with Biscay. For ten days it was driven from post to post ; at last, on the 10th of No- vember, it arrived at Espinosa, where, in order to save its artillery, &c. it formed in order of battle, ast is believed, in a situation not to be forced. At three o’clock in the after- noon, Marshal the Duke of Beilune arrived in front of the enemy ; General Pacthod was or- dered to carry a small battery occupied by the troops of the traitor Romana. ‘This position was excellent, and defended by their bdst troops; but Gen. Pacthod fell upon these troops, who had abused our confidence, and broken their oaths. In an instant they were broken and driven down the precipice. The princesses regiment were destroyed. ‘The enemy made several attacks ; in all of which they were defeated. During the night both armies remained in their positions. Whilst this was taking place, the Duke of Dalmatia marched towards Reynosa, the only retreat of theenemy. At break of day the enemy were attacked both on the right and left by the Dukes of Dantzic and Bellune, while Ge- neral Maigon advanced against his centre. The enemy fled, throwing away his arms and colours, and abandoning his artillery. The Duke of Dantzic took at Reynosa the artillery. Magazines, and baggage, and made some pri- soners, Thus the enemy have been turned, pot only at Reynosa, but at Palencia, sixty pieces of cannon have been taken; 20,000 men killed or made prisoners ; two Spanish generals killed ; all the succours in arms, &c. sent by the English, have fallen into our hands. Blake saved himself by taking to the Asturian mountains. Romana, with a few thousand men, is marching towards St. Andero, Our loss is trifling in these battles, not exceed- ing 80 killed, and 300 wounded. We have not lost any officer of distinction, Sixth Bulletin. Burgos, Nov, 18.—Or tie 40,000 men who ‘Progress of the French Arnvy in Spain, 583 composed the army of Gallicia, part has been killed and taken, and the rest is dispersed, The remains arrive daily at our posts. The General of Division Dacho has taken 500 pri- soners in the environs of Vasancellos. Colonel Lascher, who commands the first regiment of chasseurs, attacked the escort of the Spanish General Acevedo 5 the troops who composed the escort having made some resis« tance, they were all put to the sword, General Bonnet, with his division, fell in with the head of a column of fugitives, con- sisting of 2000 men ; they were partly taken and partly destroyed. The Marshal Duke of Istria, who com- mands the cavalry of the army, entered Aranda on the 16th at noon. Our advanced parties of horse goon the left as far as Soriaand Ma- drid, and on the right, to Leon and Zamora. Vhe enemy evacuated Aranda with the utmost precipitation, leaving there four pieces of cannon; aconsiderable magazine of biscuit, 40,000 quintals of grein, and a large quantity of clothing was found in that town- In Reynosa, numerous English effects were found, and a considerable quantity of provi- sions of every description. The inhabitants of Montana, and of the whole plain of Castile, which extends to Por- tugal, and of the province of Soria, detest and curse the authors of the war, and earnestly demand peace and repose. Twenty thousand bales of wool, worth from 15 to 20 millions, which were seized in Bur- gos, have been sent to Bayonne. Seventh Bulletin. Burgos, New, 20.—On the i6th, the van of the Marshal Duke of Dalmatia entered Ste Andero, and found there a large quantity of flour, ammunition, and English goods. The Bishop of St, Andero, animated rather with the spirit of the devil than that of the gospel, who was always masching with a cut- lass by his side, has taken shelter on board the English frigates. The cavalry of General Lasalle has pushed ° its advanccd posts as far as Sorno Sierra. | * The regiments of Zamora, and of the Prin- cess, which formed part of Romana’s divisony are almost entirely annihilated. Eighth Bulletin. Burgos, Nov. 2%.—The Duke of Dalmatia is following up his success with the utmost ac~ tivity. A convoy of artillery, ammunision, and English muskets, was taken in the port of Conillur, the very moment the ships were on the point of getting under weigh. General Surrat continues vigorously to pursue the enemy. He has entered Asturia. The light companies of the 56th regiment have seized, in the port of Santillana, an En- glish convoy laden with sugar, coffee, cottons and other colonial commodities. The number of Engliih vessels, richly laden, which have been taken on this coast, amount already to twenty-five. The 7th-corps, commanded by General Gouvion 584 Gouvion St. Cyr, has also begun its operations, _ On the 6th of November Rosas was invested by Generals Reille and Peno 5 and the heights of St. Pedro were carried by the Italians. A large number of Migquelets and English oc- evpied the port of Selva; they were attacked by General Fentano, and dashed into the sea wivh the loss of ten 24-pounders, four of which were English. f On the Sth, the garrison of Rosas made a sortie, protected by the guns of the English ships. General Maunchell killed 600 of them, and repulsed the rest. ¢ Ninth Bulletin. Aranda, Now. 25.—-Vhe military system seems to have been as follows :—On the left was the army of Gallicia, one moiety of which was composed of troops of the line, and of all the resources of Gallicia, Asturia, and Leon. Inthe centre was the army of Estremadura, which the English troops had promised to support, and which was composed of all the resources of Estremadura and the neighbour- ing provinces. Phe army of Andalusia, Valencia, New Castile, and’ Arragon, stated to amount to 80,000 men, occupied, on the 20th Novem- bet, Calahorra, Tudela, and the borders of Arragon. This army supported the right of the enemy, and was composed of the troops who formed the camp at St Roque, and/of the whole force of Andalusia, Valencia, Cartha- ena, and Madrid. It is against this army the French troops are now mancuvring, the rest having been dispersed and destroyed in the battles of Espinosa and Burgos. The head-quarters were removed on the ‘29a from Burgos to Lermia, and on the 23d ‘from Lerma to Aranda. The Duke of Elchingen marched on the 92d to Soria. The town was disarmed, and a ‘Committee uf well-disposed persons appointed Yor the adminstration of the paovince. he » Duke is now in Medina Celi, and his light troops cross the road from Saragossa to Madrid. “On the 22d, the Dukes of Montebello and Cornegliano formed a junction near the bridge ‘of Lodosa. On the 24th, the Duke of Bellune.removed his head-quarters to Venta Gomez. Almost all the roads of communication be- ‘tween Madrid and the northern provinces are intercepted by our troopsy whose light parties have picked up a great number of couriers and mails. The utmost confusion seems to prevail in Madrid, and the whole nation anxiously desires the restoration of that tranquillity and peace, of’ which Spain has been deprived by the puerile arrogance and criminal cunning of a few intriguers. It ap- pears difficult for the army which forms the right of the enemy, and is now on the banks ot the Ebro, to fall back on Madrid and the souta of Spain. The events which are-now preparing will probably decide the face of this other moiety of the Spunish army: For these three days we have had damp Progress of the French Army in Spain. e 72: [Janz 1, and hazy whether. This season is more hurt= ful to the natives of the country, than to men aceustomed to the climate of the north. General Gouvion St. Cyr continues vigoe rously to push on the siege of Rosas, Tenth Bulletin. Aranda, Nov. 26.—-TYhe Spanish effective force was 180,000 effective men. Eighty thousand effective men, 39,000 of whom com- posed the armies of Gallicia and Estremadu- ra, commanded by Blake, Romana, and Ga- luzza, have been dispersed or put hors de combat. The army of Andalusia, of Valencia, of New Castile and Arragon, commanded by Castanos, Penas, and Palafox, and which likewise consisted of 80,000 men, (60,000 armed) will soon meet its fate, as the Duke of Montebslio has received orders to attack in front, with 30,000 men, whilst the Dukes of Elchingen and Bellune are placed behind it. There are besides 60,000 effective men (40,000 of whom are armed), 30,000 of which are in Catalonia, and 10,000 at Madrid, Valencia, and other depots. Previous to the crossing of the Duero, the Emperor had come to the resolution to anni-< hilate the armie$ of the centre and the left, and then to serve in the same manner that of the right, commanded by General Castanos, When this plan shall have been executed, the march to Madrid will be only a walk. This grand design must by this time be ace complished. The corps of Catalonia being partly com= posed of the troops of Valencia, Murcia, and Granada, these provinces, threatened rhems selves, will withdraw their troops, that is, if the state of the communications will permit.-~ At all events, the 7th corps, after finishing the siege of Rosas, will give a good account of them. As for Barcelona, general Duhesme, with 15,000 men, provided with six months sup- plies, answers for the safety of that important fortress. We have not said any thing of the English forces. It appears there is one division of them in Gallicia, and that another shewed itself in Bajadoz about the end of last month. IftheEnglish have any cavalry, we must have got sight of them, for our light troops have almost reached the frontiers of Portugal. If they have infantry, they pro- bably have no intention of employing them in favour of their allies; for it is al- ready thirty days fince the opening of the cam= paign ; three powerful armies have been de- stroyed 5 an immense qu’ntity of artillery has heen taken; the provinces of Castile, Mon- tana, Arragon, and Soria, have been conquer= ed ; in short, the fate of Spain and Portugal is , decided, and we hear nothing of any movee ment on the part of the English troops. Inthe mean time half the French army has not yetarrived. A part of the 4th corpsof the army, the whole of the 5th 2nd 8th corps, six regiments of lightcavalry, many companies of artillery 1809.] artillery and sappers, anda great number of men belonging to the regiments in Spain, bave not yet passed the Bidassoa, In reality, and without derogating from the bravery of our soldiers, we must say, that worse troops than the Spanish soldiers do nat exist. Like the Arabs, they may make a stand behind houses, but they have no discip~- line, no knowledge of tactics, and it is impos- sible for them to make any, resistance on the field of battle. Even their mountains have afforded them but a feeble protection. —-But owing tothe power of the Inquistion, the influence of the Monks, and their address in seizing every pen, and directing every tongue what to say, it is still believed, in a great part of Spain, that Blake hus been victorious, that the French army has been destroyed, and that the Imperial Guard are prisoners. But whatever may be the momentary suc- cess of these miserable resources, these ridi- culous efforts, the reign of the Inquisition is at an end. Its revolutionary tribunals will no longer torment any country in Europe. In Spain, as well as at Rome, the Inquisition shall be abolished, and the horrid spectacle of of the auto-da-fes shall be repeated no more. This reform shall take place in spite of the re- ligious zeal of the English, and the alliance they have contracted with Monkish impos- tors, who have given tongues to the Virgin of the Pillar, andthe Saints of Valladolid. The alliesof England are monopoly, thelnquisition, vand the Franciscans ; every thing is good alike to her, provided she divides the nations, and cover the Continent with blood. An’ English brig, the Ferret which left Portsmouth the 11th inst. came to anchor on the 22d, in the port of St. A.ndero, not know- ‘Ing that it was in the hands of the French. She had on board important dispatches, and a great number of English papers, all of which have been taken possession of. At St. Andero we found a great quantity of Peruvian bark and colonial produce, which has been sent off for Bayonne. The Duke of Dalmatia has entered the As- turias, several cities and many villages have made offers of submission, in order to rescue themselves from the abyss dug by the coun- sels of foreigners, and the passions of the multitude. ~ , Eleventh Bulletin. Aranda de Duero, Nov 27.—His Majesty on the 19th sent off the Marshal Duke of Montebello witi instructions for the move- ments of the left, of which he gave him the command, On the 21st, the division of General La- grange, with the brigade of light cavalry of General Colbert, and the brigade of dragoons of General Dijon, set out from Logrono by the right of the Ebro. At the same time, the four divisions, com- posing the corps of the Duke of Cornegliano passed the river at Lodosa, abandoning the whole country between the Ebro and Pampe- Jus. j 3 Progress of the French Army in Spain. 535 On the 22d, at break of day, the French army beganits march. It took its direction to Calahorra, where, on the-evening before, were the head-quarters of Castanos; it found that town evacuated, and afterwards marched upon Alfaro, whence the enemy had in like manner retreated, On the 23d, at break of day, the General of Division, Lefebvre, at the head of the ca. valry, and supported by the division of Gen, Morley, forming the advanced guard, met the enemy. He immediately gave information to the Duke of Montebello, who found the army of the enemy in seven divisions, consist- ing of 45,000 men, under arms, with its right before Tudela, and its left occupying a line of a league and a half, a disposition absolutely bad, ‘The Arrazonese were on the right, the troops of Valencia and New Castilein the cen- tre, and the three divisions of Andalagia, which Gen, Castanos commanded in per- son, formed the left. Forty pieces of can- non covered the enemy’s line. At nine in the morning the columns of the French army began to deploy with that order, that regularity, and coolness, which charac- terise veteran troops. Situations were chosen for establishing batteries with sixty pieces of cannon; but the impetuosity of the troops, and the inquietude of the enemy, did not allow time for this. The Spanish army was already vanquished by the order and the movements of the French army. The Dake of Montebello caused the centre to be pierced by the division of the General Maurice Mathieu. The General of Division Lefebvre, with bis cavalry, immediately passed on the tret through this opening, and enve- loped by a quarter-wheel to the left, the whole right of the enemy. ‘Phe moment when half of the enemy’s line found itself thus turned and defeated, was that in which General La- grange attacked the village of Cascante, where the line of Castunos was placed, which did not exhibit a better countenance than the right; but abandoned the field of battle, leaving be» hind it its artillery, and a great number of prisoners. The cavalry pursued the remains of the enemy’s army to Mallem, in the diree» tion of Saragossa, and to Tarragona, in the direction to Agreda: seven standards, thirty pieces of cannon, with all their furniture, 12 Colonels, 300 officers, and 3000 men, have been taken; 4000 Spaniards have been left dead on the field of battle, or have been driven into the Ebro. Our loss has been trifling + we have had 60 men killed, and 400 woundeds among the latter is the Generel of Division Lagrange, who has received a bullet in the arm. Our troops found at Tudela a number of magazines.—The Marshal Duke of Corneg~ liano has begun his march upon Saragossa. While a pare of the fugitives retired tu this place, the left, which had been cut off, fled in disorder to Tarraguna and Agreda, The Duce of Elchingen, who was on the 224 at Soria, ouglit to have been om the 230 at 586 at Agreda: nota man could have escaped; but this corps being too much fatigued, remained at Soria the 93d and 24th, He . arrived at Agveda cn the 25th, still sufficiently in time to seize a number of magazines. A fellow, named Palafox, formerly a garde de corps, a man without talents and without courage akind of insignificant Monk, the true head of a party, which acquired him the name of General, was the first to take flight. —This is not the first time he has acted in that manner: he has done the same on all occasions. ‘This army o! 45,000 has been thus beaten and defeated without our having had more than 6000 men engaged. The battle of Burgos had struck the centre of the enemy, and the battle of Espinosa the rignt. ‘The battle of Tudela has struck the left. Victory has struck, as with a thunder- bolt, and dispersed the whole league of the enemy. : Twelfth Bulletin. Avanda, Nov. 28 —At the battle of Tu- dela, the General of Division Lagrange, charged with the attack of Cuscante, ordered his division to march by echelons, and put himself at the head of the first division, com- posed of the 25th regiment o' Light Infantry, which fell upon the enemy with such impetu- osity, that 200 Spaniards were killed in the first charge of the bayonet. The other eche- lons couid not come up. This singular intre- pidity spread consternation and disorder among the troops of Castanos.. Ir was at this mo- ment that Gen. Lagrange, who was at the head of th= first echelon, received a tall,which wounded him dangeroasly. On the 26th the Duke of Elchingen advanced by ‘Tarragona to Borja.» The enemy destroyed 60 tumbrils, which they had at Tarragona Gen. Maurice Mathieu arrived on the 25th at Borja, pursuing the enemy, and every mo- ment taking fresh prisuners, the. number of which already amounts to 50003 they are all troops of the ihe. No quarter was given to any of the peasants who were found in arms, We took 37 pieces of cannen. Disorder and @elirium have seized upon their leaders. Their first proceeding was, a violent manifesto, in which they declared war against Fiance. They, imputed to her all the disorders of their Court, the degeneracy of the race which reigned, and the buseness of the great, who, for many years, have prostrated themselves in the most abject manner at the feet of the ido), which they load with all their rage now he is fallen. They havea very false idea in Cermany, Italy, and France, of Spanish Monks, it they com- pare them to the Monks which ewise. in those countries. We find among the Benedictines, the Bernardins, &c. in France and ltaly, a crowd of men remarkabie for science and lite- ratyre; they distinguish themselves by their €jucation,’ and by the honourable and useful class to which they belong. The Spanish Monks on the contrary are chosea from the dregs of the people; they are ignorant and drunken, and can only be compared to people, ? British Declaration. (Jan. 1, employed in slaughter-housets : they are igno- rant, and have the very manner and appear- ance of it. It is only over the very lowest classes that they have any influence. A citi- zen would think himself dishonoured by ad- mitting a Monk to his table. As tothe un- fortunate Spanish peasants, we can only com= pare them tothe Fellahs of Egypt; they have no property; every thing belongs to the Monks, or some powerful house. The liber- ty to keep an inn isa feudal right, yet, ina country so favoured by nature, we find nei- ther posts nor inns; the taxes were alies.ated, and belong to the Lords. The great have degenerated to such a degree, that they are without energy, without merit, and even without influence. We every-day find at Val- ladolid, and beyond it, considerable magazines ofarms. The English taithfully executed that part of cheir engagement; they promised muskets, poignards, and libels; these they have sen: in profusion. Their inventive spi- rit has been signalized ; and they have carried to a great length the art of spreading libels, as of late they have distinguished themsélves by their fire-rockets. All the evils, all the scourges which can afflict mankind, come from London. GREAT BRITAIN. A numerons meeting of merchants, bankers, &c. of London, took. place on the 9th, at the New London Tavern, ~ Bishopsgate-street, for the purpose of Opening a subscription to defray the ex- pences of cloathing, &c. the Spanish army. , The Lord Mayor was called to the chair, and several gentlemen addres- sed the meeting. A resolution. was then passed, that books should. be opened, and a Committee appoimted to superin- tend the disposal of the subscriptions, which bave since amounted to more than 50,0001, His Majesty's Declaration on breaking off tke Negotiation with France. ‘The overtures made to -his Majesty by the Governments of Russia and of France, have not led to negotiation: and the inter- course to which those overtures gave rise being terminated, his Majesty thinks it-right thus promptly and publicly to make known its termination. *¢ The continued appearance of a negotia- tion, when peaee has been found to: be ut terly unattainable, could be advantageous on= ly to the enemy. *t It might enable France to sow distrust and jealousy iu the Councils of those who ave combined to resist her-oppressions: and if, among the nations which groan under the ty+ ranny of French.alliance, or among those which maintain against France a doubtful and precarious independence, there should be any which even now are bafancing between the certain ruin of a prolonged-imactivity, and the coiltingent danger of an effort to : save 1809.] save themselvés from that ruin; to nations ‘so situated, the delusive prospect of a peace ‘between Great Britain and France, could mot fail to be peculiarly injurious. Their ‘preparations might be relaxed by the vain hope of returning tranquillity; or their pur- ‘pose shalten by the apprehension of being left to conténd alone, ‘°'That such was'in fact the main object of France in the proposals transmitted to his Majesty from Erfurth, ‘his Majesty enter- tained’a ‘strong persuasion. “But, at a moment when results so aw- ful from their importance, and so tremen- dous from their uncertainty, might{be de- pending upon the decision of peace or war, the king ‘felt it due'to himself to ascertain, beyond ‘the possibility of doubt, the views and intentions of his enemies. Tr was difficult for his Majesty to believe, that the’ Emperor of Russia had devoted him- self so blindly and fatally to the violence and ambition of the power, with which his Imperial Majesty had unfortunately become allied, as to be prepared opemly to abet the usurpation of the Spanish Monarchy ; and to acknowledge and maintain the right assumed by ‘France, to depose and imprison frieiidly ‘Sovereigns, and forcibly to transfer to herself the allegiance of independent nations. When, therefore, it was proposed to his Majesty ‘to enter into negotiation for a ge- ‘meral peace ‘in concert’ with his Majesty’s al- lies, and to treat either on the basis of the uti \possidetis (Heretofore the subject of so ‘much controversy), or on any other basis con- sistent with jastice, honour, ‘and equality, his Majesty determined to méet this seeming ° fairness and moderation, with fairness and ‘moderation, on his Majesty’s part. real ‘and Sincere. « The King professed his readiness to enter ‘into such negotiation, in concurrence with his allies; and undertook forthwith to com- ‘minicate to them the proposals which his Majesty had received. But as his Majesty was not connected with Spain by a formal treaty of alliance, “his Majesty thought it necessary ‘to declare, that the engazements which he had contracted, in the face of the world, with that nation, were considered hy his Majesty as no less sacredand no Tess bind- ing upon his Majesty, than the most sélemn ‘tfeaties ; ‘dnd ‘to exyress his Majesty’s just confidence that the Government of Spain, Acting in the natee of his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand ‘the Seventh, was understood to be ‘a patty to the negotiation. ec Dhe reply returned by France to this proposition of his Majesty casts off at once the thin disguise which had ‘been assumed fora ‘Momentary purpose ; and displays, with less than ordinary reserve, whe arrogance and in- justice of that Government. The universal ‘Spanish Nation is described by the degrading. appellation of the Spanish Insurgents ';” “gnd the démand for the admission Of the Go- Montary Mac. No. 179, Message of the President to the United States. 587 -Vernment of Spain, as'a' party to any Negotia- tion, is ‘rejected ‘as inadmissible and insult ing. , s¢ With astonishment,’ as well as with grief, his’ Majesty has received from the Em- péror of Russia a reply, similar in effect, althougli less indecorous in tone and manner. The Emperor of Russia also stigmiatizes, ‘as «¢ Insurrection,” the glorious ‘efforts of the Spanish people, in behalf of their legitimate Sovereign, and in defence of the indepen- dence of their country; thus giving the sanc. tion of his Imperial Majesty’s authority to an usurpation which has'no parallel'in the his- tory of the world. "© The King would readily have embraced an opportunity of negotiation which might have affurded:any hope or prospect of a peace ‘compatible with justice and with honour. His Majesty deeply laments an issue, ‘by which the sufferings of Europe are aggravated and prolonged. But neither the honour of his Majesty, nor the’ generosity of the British nation would admit of his'Majesty’s consent- ing to commence a neégotiation by ‘the dban- doament ‘ofa brave and loyal people, who are contending for the preservation of all that is dear to man; and whose exertions in 2 cause $0 Unquestionably just, ‘His Majesty has*solémnly’ pledged himself ‘to sustain. 6¢ Westminster, Dec. 15,4808.” AMERICA, Message of the President to the Senate ‘and House of Representatives of the United States. Nov. 8, 1808. ' . ‘ It would have been a fource, fellow-citi- zens, of much gratification, if our lait com- munications from Europe had enabled me to inform you, that the Belligerent nations, whofe difregard of nqutral right has been - fo deftruétive to our commerce, had become awakened to the duty and the policy of revoking their unrighteous edicts. That no means might be omitted to produce this falu- tary effect, IT loft no time in availing myfelf of the att authorifing a fufpenfion, in whole or in part of the feveral embargolaws. Our minifters at London and Paris, were intruéted. to explain to the refpective governments there, our difpofition to exercife the authority in fuch manner ‘as would withdraw the pretext on which the agressions were ori- Binally founded, and open the way for a re- newal of that commercial intercourfe, which it was alleged, onall fides, had been reluc- tantly ob@ructed. As cach of thefe govern» ments had pledged its readiness to concur in renouncing a meafure which reached its ad= vérfary through the inconteftible rights of neutrals only, and as the meafure had been affumed by each as a retaliation for an afferted ‘acquiefcznce in the aggreflions of the other, it was teafonably expected that the occafion would have been feized by both for evincing the fincerity of their profeflions, and for reftoring to the United States its legitimate 4F freedom. 588 freedom... The inftruétions to our minifters, with refpeé&t to the different, Belligerents, were neteffarily modified with a reference to _ their different circumstances, and to. the condition annexed by law. to, the executive power of fufpenfion, requiring, a degree,.of security to our commerce, which would;not refult from.a repealiof the decrees of France. Inftead of a pledge, therefore, for a fufpenfion . of the, embargo as to her, in, cafe of fuch a repeal, it)was prefumed that a fuflictent in- ducement might ve. found in other confide- rations, and particularly in the chenge pro- duced by a compliance with our juft demands, by one Belligerent, and a.refufal by..the - other, in therrelations between this other . and the United States. To Great Britain, _ whofe power on the ocean is fo afcendant, it : dition, was deemed not inconfiftent with that con- to. fate, explicitly, that on her refcinding her orders in relation to the com- Merce of the United. States, their trade _ would be opened with her, and remain fhut to her enemy, in cafe of his failure to rescind his decrees alfo. From France no anfwer has Been received, nor any indication that. the requifite change in her decrees is contem- plated. The favourable reception of the _ propofition to Great Britain was the lefs to * be doubted, as her orders of council had not ” “beft adapted to fuch a flate of things; only been referred for their vindication to an acquiefcence on the part af the United States, no longer to be pretended ; but as the arrangement: propofed, whilft it refifted’ the illegal decrees of France, involved, moreover, fubftantially the precife advantages profef- fedly aimed at by the. Britifh orders... The ” arrangement has, neverthelefs, been rejected. This candid and liberal experiment having thus failed, and no other event having oc- curred os which a fufpenfion of the embargo by the executive was authorifed, it neces- farily remains ii the extent originally given toit. We have the satisfaétion, however, to vefleét, that in return for the privations impofed by the meafure, and which our fel- low-citizeas in. general. have borne with patriotifm, it has had the important efects of faving our mariners, and our vaft mercantile _ property, as well as of affording time for profecuting the defenfive and provifional meafures called for by the oceafion, It has demonftrated to foreign nations the mode- ration and firminefs which govern our coun- cils, and to our citizens the neceffity of uni- ting in fupport of the laws and the rights of their country 3 and has thus long fruftrated thofe ufurpations and fpoliations which, if refifted, involved war ;_if fubmitted to, facri~ ficed a vital principle ef our national inde- pendence. Under a continuance of the belligerent meafures, which, in defianceof laws which confecrate the rights of neutrals, overfpread the ocean with danger, it will reft with the wifdom of congrefs to decide on the courfe and 4 woe Message of the President.to the United States. (Jan. 1, -bringing with them, as they do, from evesy part of the Union, the fentiments of our conftituents, my confidence is ftrengthened that in forming this decifion, they will, with an unerring regard to the effential rights and interefts of the nation, weigh and comi- pare the painful alternatives out of whicha choice is tobe made. Nor fhould 1 do juftice to the virtues which on other occafions have marked the charaéter of our fellow-citizens, if I did not cherish an equal confidence that the alternative chofen, whatever-it may be, will be maintained with all the fortitude and patriotifm which the crifis ought to infpire. The documents containing the correfpon- dence on the fubje& of the foreign edits againft our commerce, with the inftru@ions given to our minifters at London and Paris, are now laid before you. The communication made to congrefs at their laft feffion explained the pofture in which the clofe of the difcuflion relating to the attack by a Britith fhip of war on the frigate Chefapeake, left a fubje&t on which the nation had manifefted fo honourable a fenfibility. Every view of what had paffed authorized a belief that immediate fteps would be taken by the Britifh government for re- drefling a wrong, which, the more it. was inveftigated, appeared the more clearly to require what had not been provided for in the fpecial miffion. It is found that no fteps have been taken for the purpofe. Qn the contrary, it will be feen in the documents _ laid before you, that the inadmiffible preli- minary which obftru€ts the adjuftment is ftill adhered to; and, moreover, that it is now brought into connexion with the diftinét and irrelative case of the orders in council, The inftruétions which had been given to our minifters at London, with a view to facilitate, if neceflary, the reparation claimed by the United States, are included in the documents communicated, — Our relations with the other powers of Europe have undergone no material changes fince your laftfeflion. The important nego- tiations with Spain, which had been alter- nately {ufpended and refumed, neceflarily experience a.paufe, under the extraordinary and interefting ctifis which diftinguifh her internal fituation. With the Barbary powers we continue. in harmony, with the exception of an umgul- tifiable proceeding of the Dey of Algiers towards our conful to that regency. Its character and circumftances are now laid before you, and will enable you to decide how far it may, either now or hereafter, call for any meafures not within the limits of the executive authority. ~ With our Indian neighbours the public peace has been fteadily maintained. Some inftances of individual wrong have, as at other times, taken place, but in no wife im- plicating the will of the nation. Beyond the Millifippi, the funttys the Saca, e t e - 1809.] the Alibamas, have delivered up, for trial and- punifhment, individuals from among themfelves accufed of murdering citizens of the United States, on this fide the Miffiffippi; the Creeks are exerting themfelves to arreft offenders of the fame kcind, and the Cha¢taws have manifefted their readinefs and defire for amicable and juft arrangements, refpecting depredations committed by diforderly perfons of their tribe. And generally from a con- viétion that we confider them as a part of orfelves, and cherifh with fincerity their rights and interefts, the attachment of the Tidian tribes is gaining ftrength daily, is extending from the nearer to the more remote, and will amply requite us for the juftice and friendfhip praétifed towards them; hufbandry and houfehold manufaétures are advancing among them more rapidly with the fouthern than the northern tribes, from circumftances of foil and climate: and one of the two great divifions of the Cherokee na- tion have now under confideration, to folicit the citizenthip of the U ited States, and to be identified with us in laws and govern- ment, in fuch progreflive manner as we fhall think beft. In confequence of the appropriations of the laft Seffion of congrefs for the fecurity of our fea-port-towns, and harbours, fuch works of defence have been erected as feemed to be called for by the ficuation of the feveral pla- ces, their relative iraportance, and the feale of expence indicated by the amount of the appropriation. Thefe works will chiefly be finifhed ip the courfe of the. prefent feafon, except at New York and New Orleans, where moft was to be done 5 and although a great proportion of the laft appropriation has been expended on the former place, yet fome further views will be fubmitted to congrefs for rendering its fecurity entirely adequate again{ft naval enterprize. A view of what has been done at feveral places, and of what is propofed to be done, fhall be communi- cated as foun as the feveral- reports are re~ ceived. Of the gun-boats authorifed by the A& of December laft, it has been thought neceflary to build only 103 inthe prefent year; thefe, with thofe before poflefled, are fufficient for the harbours and waters moft expofed, and the refidue will require little time for their conftru@tion, when it fhall be deemed ‘ne- ceflary. Under the A& of the laft Seffion, for raifing an additional militfry force, fo many officers were immediately appointed as were _Meceffary, for carrying on the bufinefs .of re- cruiting ; andin proportion as it advariced, others have been added» We have reafon to believe their fuccefs has been fatisfaftory,,. al- though fuch returns have nut been received, as enable me to prefent. you a ftatement of the numbers engaged. I have not thought it neceflary, in the courts of the laft feafon, to call for any ge- Message of the President to the United States. 989 neral detachments of militia, or of volun- teers, under the laws paffed for that purpofe for the enfuing feafon, however, they will be required to bein readinefs, fhould their fervice be wanted. Some fmall and {pecial detachments have been neceflaty to maintain the laws of embargo, on that pastion of our Northern frontier which offered peculiar fae cilities for evafion ; but thefe were replaced, as foon as it could be done, by bodies of new recruits, By the aid of thefe, and of the armed veffels called into fervice in other quarters, the {pirit of difobedience and abufe, which manifetted itfelf early, and with fenfi- ble effect, while we were unprepared to meet it, has been confiderably reprefied. Confidering ‘the extraordinary character of the times in which we live, our attention fhould unremittingly be fixed on the fafety — of our country. Fora people whoare free, and who remain fo, a well organized and ar- med Mij)tia is the beft fecurity, It is therefore incumbent on us at every meeting, to revife the condition of the Militia, and to afk ourfelves if it is prepared to repel a powerful enemy at every point of our terri-° tories expofed to invafion. Some of the States. have paid a Jaudable attention to this objeé&t, but every degree of negleé&t is-to be found among others. Caygrefs alone having the power to produce an uniform ftate of preparation in this great organ of defence, the interefts which they fo deeply feel in their own and their country’s fecurity, will prefent this as among the moft important ob- jets of their deliberation. : Under the -A&ts of March 11, and April 23, refpeGting arms, the difficulty of procu- ring them from abroad, during the prefent fituation and difpofitions of Europe, induced us to direét our whole efforts to the means of internal fupply, the public faétories have, therefore, been enlarged, additional machi- neries erected, and, in proportion as arti- ficérs can be found Or formed, their effeét, already more than doubled, may be increafed fo as to keep pace'with the yearly increafe of the Militia. The annual fums appropria- ted by the latter a&t, have been direéted to the encouragement of private fa‘tories of arms 3 and contracts have been entered into with individual. undertakers, to nearly the amount of the firft year’s appropriation. The fufpenfion of our foreign commerce, produced by the injuftice of the Belligerent Powers, and thé confequent loffes and facri- fices of our Citizens, ate fubjeéts of juft concern. ‘The fituation into which we have thus been forced, has impelled'us to apply a portion of our induftry and capital to inter- nal’ manufactures and improvements. The ~ extent of this converfion is daily encreafing, and little doubt remains that the eftublifh- ments formed and forming; will, under the aufpices of cheaper materials and fubfifience, the freedomyof labour ‘from taxation with us, and of protecting duties and prohibitions, be come - 590 come permanent. The.commerce with; the, Indians too, within our own boundaries, is, likely to receive abundant aliment from the, fame internal fource, and will fecure to them, peace and the progrefs of civilization, undif- turbed by pra€tices hoftile to both. _ The accounts of the receipts and expendi- tures during the year ending on the 30th day of September laft, being not yet made up, a corre& ftatement will hereafter be tranfmit- ted from. the treafury. amounted to near eighteen million of dollars, which, with the eight millions and a half in the Treafury at the beginning of the year, Have enabled us, after meeting the current demands and intereft incurred, to pay two millions three hundred thoufand dollars of the principal of our funded debt, and left us in the Treafury on that day, near four- teen millions of dollars; of thefe, five millions three hundred and fifty thoufand dollars, will be neceffary to pay what will, be due on the 1ft of January next, which, will complete the reimburfement of the eight per cent. ftock.—Thefe payments, with thofe made in the fix years and a half pre- ceding, will have extinguifhed thirty-three millions five hundred and eighty thouland dollars of the principal of the funded debt, be- ing the whole which could be paid or purcha- fed within rhe limits of the law and of our con- tracts; and the amount of principal thus dif- charged, will have liberated the revenue from about two millions of dollars intereft, and ad- aed that fum annpally to the difpofable furplus. The probable accumulation of the furpluffes of revenue, béyond what can be applied ro the payment of the public debt whenever the freedom ane fafety of ourcommerce fhall be reftored, merits the confideration of congrefs Shall it be produCtive~in the public vaults? Shall the revenue be reduced? or thall it Incidents in. andmear Londons. « 1 In the mean time, ~ it is afcertained, that the receipts have ° (Jan. ly not.rather be appropriated to the. improve- ment.of roads, canals, rivers, education, and, other great foundations of, profperity and, uni- on, under the powers which congrefs may, already. poffefs, or fuch amendment of) the, anette as_ may, be. apgrones by. the States: while, uncertain. of the courfe of, things, the time may be advantageoufly em- ployed in obtaining the powers neceffary, for, a fyftem of, improvement, fhould, that be thought beft. Availing myfelf of this the laft, occafion, which will occur, of addrefling the two houfes of Legiflature. at their meeting, I, cannot omit the expreflion of my fincere, gratitude, for the repeated proofs of confidence, mani~ fefted to me by themfelves and their, prede- ceffors, fince. my call to the, adminiftrationy and the many indulgencies experienced. at their hands; the fame. grateful acknowledg~ ments are due to my fellow-citizens general- ly, whofe fupport has been my great encou- ragement under all embarrafsments.—-In the, tranfaction of their, bufinefs, L.cannot, have, efcaped error—-it is incidene to, our imperfect nature; but], may fay, with truth, -my » er- rors have been of the underftanding, not.of intention ; and that the advancement of their rights and interefts has been the conftant mo~ tive for every meafure. On thefe confider- ations, I folicit their indulgence. Looking, forward with anxiety to their future deftinies, Itruft, that, in their fteady character, unthay ken by difficulties, in their love of liberty, obedience to law, and fupport of the public authorities, I fee a fure guarantee of the permanence of our republic: and, retiring, trom the charge of their affairs, 1 carry with, me the confolation of a firm perfuafion, that Heaven has in. ftore for our beloved coun- try, long ages to come of profperity and hap- pinefs, ~ Nov. 8, 2808. Tu. JEFFERSON. 1 INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, axp DEATHS, ry anp near LONDON: — With Bugraphical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. , ON the 16th of December, Mr, Sadjer’s — yard, in Goswell-stréet, was opened dor publicly exhibiting the cattle, sheep, and pigs, Sent in by the candidates, for the prizes offered by the Smithfield Cattle, Club, The pre- Miums were adjudged as follow :——Twenty guineas, in Class I. for the Herefordshire breed of oxen, to Mr. Samuel Chandler, of Moreton, Bucks, for his,six-years-old pied ox, bred by Mr, William. Walker, of Burton, Worcestershire. And an additional, premium ,- Of ten guineas to the same (gentleman, on ac- count of his ox being adjudged tu be the best. shewa in the first,six classes.—Twenty gui- neas, in, Class LY, for, the Sussex or, Kent breed of oxen, te Mr, Edward, Auger, of Eass~ bourpe, Sussex,, for his: five-years-old red ox, bred by himselfi—-T wenty guineas,.in Class V. for the Devonshire breed of oxen, to Mr. Martin Webber, of Uchester, Somersetshire, for his six-years-old ox, bred by Mr. Francis Quaitley, of Molland, Devonshire.—Twenty guineas, in Class VII. for large oxen, not” worked,'to Mr. Martin Webber, of Ilchester, Somersetshire, for his three-years-old red De- von ox, bred’by Mr. John Burgess, of South~ - Moulton, Devonshire.— Ten ‘guineas, in Class. VII. for large oxen; not worked, to Mr. Samuel Chandler, of Morton, Bucks, for’ his” six-years-old red Herefordshire ox, bred by. Mg. William: Walker, of Burton, Worcester- shire.—l'en guineas, in Class VIII. for small oxen of any breed, to Mr. Samuel Brooks, of Wolvers-hill, Warwickshire, for his five-year- old } 1909.] old, black Highland Scotch ox.--Ten guineas, in Class IX. for fat cows, having borne three calves, to. Mr. John, Westcar, of Creslow, Bucks, for his six-year-old. red, Hereford cow, bred by Mr, William. Watkins, of Brinsop, Herefordshire,--Ten. guineas, in Ciass X. for one-year-old. long-wooled. wether sheep, to the Rev. Thomas, Plaskett, of Harlaxton- lodge, Lincolnshire, for his three new Leices- ter wethers, bred by, himself.—Ten guineas, in Class X1, for two-years-uld long-wooled wether sheep, to Mr. Thomas Moore, of Tardibeg, Warwickshire, for his three new Leicester. wethers, bred by, himself, trom a’ ram of Mr. Thomas Chapman, of Fenny Drayton, Leicestershire. — Ten guineas, in Class XII. for one year-old. short-wooled wether sheep, to his Grace the Duke. of Bed- ford, for his three South-down wethers, bred en his Mauldea Farm,in Bedfordshire.——Ten guineas, in Class XIII, for two-years old short-wooled wether sheep, to Mr. Hegry King, jun. of Plaistow, Essex, for his three South down wethers, bred by Mr. John Ell- man, of Glyns, Sussex.eTen guineas, in Class XIV. tor pi’s under two years old, to Mr. John Roads, of Aston-Abbots, Bucks, for his black and white Berkshire sow pig, 5&weeks old, bred by Mr., John. Westbrook, - of Pinkney’s-green, Herts.—Ten guineas, in Class XV, for pigs under one year old,'to Mr. John, Hassard, of Brocket, Herts, for his white. half-bred China and Suffolk. pig, 48 weeks old, bred. by. Lord, Melbourne, of Brocket Hall, Herts.—-In Class Il. for, the long-horned breed of oxen, and. in Class VI. for mixed bieed of oxen, no, candidates ap- peared ; and the one to be offered for the premium in. Class III. failed in proving the requisite quantity of labour to have been done, by his ox, in the last. two years.— “he judges, by a special note, annexed co. their award, called the attention of the club and the. company, to the. excellent qua- lities of Mr, Thomas Crook’s three-years old Scotch ox, in Class VILL, as also co the high perfection of Earl Macclesfeld’s, Mr. John Edmona’s, and Mr. William Boultbee’s penn of two-shear new. Leicester wether sheep, in Class XJ. also to.the peri’ of one- year old new Leicesters,. belonging to Mr. Thomas Olde acre, in Class X,—Some ploughs and other Implements were exhibited, and several no- tices, interesting to agriculturists, mechanics, &e. were given among others, of Mr. John Hawkins’s Mechanical Museum., At three o'clock, such gentlemen. as..are members of the club. adjourned to Freemasons’, Tavern, where a_mecting was held, Lord Somerville in the chair; at which. twenty-three mem- bers of the,club. were present.: Sir Joseph attended and read to the company a memorial, intended, ta be presented to ithe Board of ‘Trade, suliciting thessupport of go» yernment,) in removing the dreadful damage #nd mischiets which axise.to individuals, and Incidents and: Marriages in and,near London. 591 to.the public, from.the confined and crowded state of Smithfield market, and its’ total in- adequacy, intersected as it is by various great thoroughfares for carriages, to accommodate the increasing. number of cattle, sheep, and. pigs, sold there, amounting to the enormous, sum, as is stated, of five millions sterling an= nually. The necessity of this mode of pro- ceeding.is stated co arise from. tie city of London having spent seven years in.ineftectual attempts and schemes. for, enlarging this. im- portant. market, whose. extent’ remains the same now, as it was in the days of William the Conqueror. At the conclusion of reading this. memorial, it was handed round the.room, and received the signatures of the gentlemen present. MARRIED. At St. George’s, Hanover-square, Sir George Bowyer, bart. to Miss Douglas, eldest daughter of the late Sir Andrew Snape D. —Charles Andrew Caldwell, esq. only, son of Admiral C. to Charlotte Ann, sister of Sir William, Abdy, bart. — Lieutenant-Colone] Gascoigne, in the East India Company’s sere vice, to Mrs. Denton, of ‘Tavistockesquare. -At. St. George's, Queen square, Henry Dyett, esq. of Doughty-street, to, Harriet Mae ria, eldest,daughter of Malcolm Ross, esq. of Red Lion-square.—Thomas Bakersfieid, esqs to Sophia, daughter of the late, Daniel Burr, esq. of Ramsay, Essex. ok At Mary- le-bonne Church, Thomas Thom. son, esq. of Acton Green; to Elizabeth, dayghe ter of Harry Delamain, esq... of, Berner’s= Street ==. W. Williams, esq, of Banstead, Surry, to.Miss Harriet. Chubb; of Kensing- ton.—-Lourd George Beresford, to Miss Harriet. Schutz.-Thomas. Eycon,, jun, esq. of ‘Line coln’s-inn, to Miss Campbell, eldest daughter of iviajor General Dugaid C.. At Sc.\ James’s, the Rev. Mr. Goodenough, second son of the Bishop.of Carlisle, to.Miss Markham, daughter of the late Archbishop of York. At Ealing, W. Farmer, esq. of Swindon, Wilts, to Miss Elizabeth Goodenough, see cond daughter of the late Rev. Edward G. At St, Paul’s Covent Garden, Mr. George Cooke, of Southampton-street, Strand, to Miss Sarah Baker, eldest, daughter of j. Be esq. late of Chalk, near Gravesend. At Betshanger, William Fuller. Boteler, €sq-,0f Lincoln’s-inn, recorder of Canterbury, to Charlotte, eldest daughter of the late James Leigh joynes, esq. of Mount Pleasant, near Gravesend, ‘ AtLambethy Mr, John Clark, of Belmonte place, to Miss Mary Kempster, eldest daugh- ter, of Gordan Ki esg. of Kennington-lane, At St. Pancras, the Rev, Stephen Barbut, of, Trotton, Sussexy to Maria, eldest daughter of. G. Jourdany esq. of Millman-street. At Hackney, Joshua Hobson, esy. of Great St. Helen’s, merchant, to Miss Jaye Pulsford, of. St. Lhomas’s-squarey Hackney, At 592 ' At St. George’s, Southwark, Thomas Lan-’ caster, esq. of High-stfeet, to Miss fane™ Brookes, of White-street, Borough. ‘ At St. Botolphs, Bishopsgate, Reginald’ Graham, esq. daughter of Dr. Dennison, of “Broad street Buildings. ' ' At St. James’s, Clerkenwell, Mr. W. Joy, bookseller, of Ave Maria lane, to Miss Mar , Redman, of Newark-upon. Trent. > At St. George’s, Bloomsbury, Lieutenant- Colonel Knight, of Barrels, Wrrwickshire, to Miss J, Boulton, daughter of H. B. esq. of Thorncroft, Surry. At Hackney, Mr. Francis Wakefield, jun. of Nottingham, to Elizabeth, youngest daugh- ter of the late Mr. Gilbert W. " { At St. Dunstan's, Captain J. Brady, of the royal navy, fo Miss'Lloyd, of Trewern, Den- bighshire. Ul » DIED, In Old’ Montague-street, Mr. Sohn Crudipton, merchant, . In Little James-street, Bedford-row, Ar. 3m. Badcock; midshipman belonging to the Stately, 16. He was the eldest son of the fate’ Wiliam B. esq. by Sophia, daughter of Richard Cumberland, esq. At Muswell Hill, Dfrs.' Norris, wife of Thomas N. esy. 68. © In King’s- road, Bedford-row, Mark Sprott, Whitechapel, Bq; In Ely place, Mrsi Fobnson, 69. - Mrs. Bromiey, wife of Warner B. esq. of Islington-green, and Gray’s-inn. In Basinghall-street, Ars. Frances Mary ‘Fones, wife’ of Mr. James Jones, jun. mer- chant. She was daughter of Robert Lovett, esq. late commissioner of Revenue in Ireland, and niece of Sir) Jonathan Lovett, bart. of Luscombe; Bucks. At Wood’s Hotel, Panton-square, D. New- ton, esq. late captain in the 7th West India regiment. In King-street, Covent-garden, David Da- wieS, Sq. : In Vhornhaugh:street, Fobn Gibson, esq. late of Calcutta. George Meadows Barry, esq. late of Hales- worth, Suffolk. ; At his house in Hertford«treet, May Fair, the Ear! of Liverpool, of whom a full account will be given in our next Number. At Teddington, Viscount Aghrim, Baron of Ballymore, 66. He is succeeded in his titles and “estates by Frederic, Viscount Aghrim. His lordship married Anne Elizabeth Chris- tine, Baroness De Tuill de Scerosberkin, by whom he has Jeft several children. - At'Newmarket, in his 77th year, Thomas Panton, sq. brother to the late Duchess Dow- ager of Ancasterj and uncle to the Countess of Cholmondeley and Lady Gwydir.» He was one of the oldest members on the turf, and lately married Miss Gubbins, of Bath, but has left no issue; -- Ris immense property, subject toa settlement of 50001. a year on Mrs. Pan- ulwich, to Louisa, second’ Marriages and Deaths in ‘and near London. , (Jam. ty ton; descends ‘to his two nieces: above-men- tioned. ak yf Al eeiD ti At his seat, ‘Wardour Castle, Wiltshire, Henry, Lord. Artindell, Baron’ of Wardour,. Count of the Moly Roman Empire. His lord= ship was born in 1740, and succeeded to the honours and estates of his father in 41758. Seven years afterwards he “married Mary,’ daughter of Benedict Conquest, esq. by whom he had three daughters, the eldest and young- eést of whom are dead} the survivor, Eleanor Mary, in 4786, became the wife of Lord Clif- ford. Being a Roman: Catholic, his lordship never.took the oaths, or his seat, in the house of peers. A few years since as the ancient family seat was falling into decay, Lord Arun- dell erected a mansion in its immediate vicie nity on a noble and extensive scale; but the expence incufred in this undertaking, tended not a little to embarrass his fortune. He is succeeded in his title by his first cousin, James Everard Arundell, esq. of Immham Hall, in the county of Lincoln, i In Chapel-street, May Fair, Hago Meynell, esq. so well known on the turf, and in all the fashionable circles, for half a century past, at the age of 61 years. He had been repeatedly attacked by paralytic strokes, during the last . two or three years. He has left a large pro-. perty. At Enfield, Thomas Sfones, esq. formerly of Radcliffe Highway. Mr. Jones, for many years carried on a very extensive correspon- dence in the chemical Jine throughout Ea- rope. By a very close and laborious attention to “business,. he acquired a considerable pro- perty, which for some years past he has been enjoying in an agreeable retitement.- He was a native of Merionethshire, and served his apprenticeship in Chester, and for his strength of judgment,- engaging manners, and aJmost inimitable integrity, will long be remembered with affection and esteem. In Bartlett’s- buildings, Holborn, ohn Browning, esq. eldest son of the Rev. Dr. B. and fellow-of King’s College, Cambridge, 23, In Ticchfieid-street, Madame Farry, relict of General Francis J. Commandant of the Royal Military College, at Wycombe. She was a native of Posen, in Poland, and*fre- quently amused. her friends by relating anec- dotes of the Bonaparte family, one of ‘whom she employed as a mahtua-maker during her _residence.at Paris. At his seat, Hawkestone, Shropshire; Sir Richard. Hill, bart. 75. This gentleman was descended. from a family of considerable antiquity, in the county of Salop, which can be traced upto the time of Edward Il. Row- land was the first honored with a patent of baronetage in. 1726. He afterwards ‘repre- sented the city of Litchfield in Parliament, and had a large family, consisting of ten children, the eldest of whom. Richard,’ was born in 1733. He was educated at’ West minster school, and. afterwards admitted ds ~gentleman commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford 5 18093) Oxford 5: where he sesideduntibhe received _the honorary degree of A:.M./;. when he went “to an academy at Angers, in France 3 and «after about one year’s residence. at,,that place, he made a tour of. the Southern parts of Eu- _ Tope, in company. with the late Earl of El- _ gin, aad then returmed to his native county. _ He was about twenty-four years of age before he had a religiousturnof mind; when he be- _ came known to the late reer, and aneenad Messrs. Romaine, Talbot, Stillingieet, H "Venn, Berridge, S. Walker, and others of the most pious and laborious clergy of the Church ‘of England; whose acquaintance was particnlar- aly beneficial to him.Desirous of being useful in his’station, he published and distributed seve- ral religious Tracts, yisited and relieved the _ poor and afflicted, in-his neighbourhood, and “ exhorted them to repentance and newness of life. “His controversial writings in defence _ of the Six Students expelled the university of Oxford, and in defence of the Calvinistic Doc- trines of the Gospel, as held by and stated jn | the articles, Homilies,'and Liturgy of the Church of England, do honour to_his abilities as an able writer, and to his piety, zeal, and _ integrity as a christian, the polite gentleman, _ and scholar; but his reply to the Rev. Mr. * Madan, intitled, «* The Biessings of Poly- " gamy displayed,” gained him more credit thanany of his other publications. Sir Ri- chard, when but a young convert, became a zealous champion for the rdligious party to “which he had attached himself. ,It is well “known that. the great leaders of methodism, esley and Whitfield, adopted Opposite ‘sentiments on the extent of salvation. The * former allowed that man isa free agent, and “that the satisfadtion of Christ.was made for all men. These points were flatly denied by ‘ Whitfield and the calvinistical metliodists, ‘who made man a passive i instrument till grace _ inSpired him with divine life ; and they con- ‘ tended that the elect only, or those who "were predestinated from all eternity, shall be made partakers of the kingdom of heaven. A fierce contention arose among the metho- _ distical leaders upon these inscrutable topics, “and they almost proceeded to excommunicate _#ne another for heterodoxy. The Calvinists were by far the most violent, and the harsh- ness of their, creed inspired them with the “most intolerant sentiments. Sir Richard ‘Hill waged war against the whole host of Ar- minians, and published several pamphlets bpon the doctrines in dispute, which exhibi- “ted considerable knowledge of the subject, and. evinced no sYual!l skill in” theological " controversy. About the same time, the aniversity of Oxford began to be jealous of the progress of metitodism, and finding that ‘Edmund-hal! contsined some students who exercised their preaching talents before they were duly aukhurised, expelled them. This “cansed a “mighty outcry among the zealots ; “and several pieces were published against the ieondact ef Dr, Durel. and Dr. Noel oe other Tg ' .Atcount of ihe late Sur Richard, Hill, Bart. 503 heads of houses. who were engaged in that af fair.. Among the rest Sir Richard came for- wardas the champion of methocism, ina tract which was written with great shrewdness and spirit, entitled, . ‘¢,Pietas. Oxoniexsis.” Not long after this he engaged i in a paper war, with Dr. Adams,, rector of St..Chad’s,, Shrewsbu- ty, on the following occasion. . It, was the custom of the late Mr. Romaine, whom the Calvinists regarded as their prophet, to spend some of the summer months in) travelling, and in one of these excursions he was invited topreach at the doctor’s church, He aceepted the invitation ; but.his sermon was so little to the viear’s taste, thac he is said: to have treated him rather ‘rudely, and ever to have preached against him from the same pulpit. The doctor was soon after attacked ina printed letter with great warmth. by the, author of Pietes Oxoniensis, and the controversy we be- lieve was continued for sometime with no little heat on both sides; though the doctor did not scruple to confess. that his own doc- trines were not those of the Church of Eng- land, and upon this groundit was that his an- tagonist lad sogreat an advantage over him. But Mr, John Wesley, anda very pious mi- nister in. connection with that extragrdinary man, the Rey. Mr. John Fletcher, vicar, of Madely, were the_ principal antagonists, of Sir Richard. The whole field of controversy between Calvinism and Arminianism was traversed over and over again by these adroit polemics ; but there was one gentleman who had a manifest advantage overall the rest, and that was Mr. Augustus Toplady. He possessed a considerable degree of learning a great command of language, an extent of reading, and such a competency of metaphy- sics and logic, as enabled him to give to Cal- vanism. an attracting appearance. When that gentleman died, .it seems the Wesleyan methodists propagated some scandalous stories concerning, the manner of his departure, 2s that he had recanted his opinions, and expi- req distracted. In confatation of his slande- rous reproach, Sir Richard printed a smali pamphlet, which abundantly vindicated the consistent integrity of his. departed_ friend, and did honour to his own feelings. Since that time he has published.a few other pieces, some practical end others controversial, The chief of bis works, however, is ‘¢.An, Apo- logy for Brotherly Love, and for the Doc- trines of the Church of England,.in letters to the. Rev. Charles Daubeny; with a. Vindi- cation of such psits of Mr. Wilberforce’s Practical View as have been objected to by Mr. Daubeny in his ¢* Guide to the Church.” 8yo. 1798. In this work Sir Richard evinces greater moderation than in his former pieces 5 and it must be admitted that, so far as the faith of the Church of England is concerned, he encounters his adversary to great advantage. ~ Sir Richard was elected one of the knights of the shire for the county of Salop, in 1780, and continued its representative in fiz succes sive 594 ‘sive parliaments till the ‘dissolution in 1807. He ‘formerly ‘used often to ‘speak in parlia- ment, and never rose but to promote or to sug- “gest ‘some ‘object of ‘public ‘utility. Every thing he uttered was marked ‘by good ‘sense, ‘observation, knowledge of the world, and sin- cere patriotism. ‘There was, however, some- thing peculiar in his manner, and his mind having a strong bias towards religion, he fre- quehtly ‘mingled ‘passages ‘from Scripture ‘in his speeches, which subjected him to the Fidicule of those whose dispositions were Yess serious; but the known rectitude and benig- nity of his ‘character always secured him the attention and respect of much the greater number of his’hearers. In his parliamentary career, it was his principle to support admi- nistration whenever he conscientiously could : but he never gave one vote with Lord Notth during the American war, uniformly dividing with the opposition’on every question that had any relation to it. When’Mr, Pitt first mov- ed ‘for a‘reform in parliament, ‘Sir ‘Richard voted in favor of that measure. “In ‘1784 ‘he also supported Alderman Sawbridge, and in 1797, Mr. Grey ona similar occasion. He joined for'a time in favour of the former con- test with Franee; but we at length find him voting against the continuance of the war, as the wished a‘stop'to ‘be put to ‘the €ffusion of human ‘blood. In 1800, the knight of the shire for Salop seconded a’‘motion made by the late Sir Willian Pelteney, for leave to bring in a bill to'prevént the inhuman sport of bull- baiting. In 1802, when Mr. Dent moved the second reading of a similar bill, he besped leave to “speak in ‘behalf of a race of poor friendless beings Who'certaitily could tiot speak for ‘themselves. “After quoting several ap- posite passuges fromthe Proverbs of Solomon, and the writings of Sir Matthew Hale, ia opposition to ‘cruelty to brute creatures, he jocularly observed, that ‘as the gentlemen of Ireland had been $0 favourable to their own bulis he Wwas-sure they would be no less indulgent to ours.""* Sir Richard supported Mr. Addington’s administration, and expressed his approbation of the address to the king on the renewal of hostilities. The public and private charities of the deceased baronet were very liberal and-extensive 3 and what is still better they were administered in the “true spirit of the gospel, with tenderness and —_—_~--———— * Sir Richard carried his consideration for his servants and domestic animals, particularly his horses, to a degree not yery, common at the present day. It is afact, that after being set down atthe House of Commons, which he very regularly attended, if the weather either was or threatened to be bad, he would direct his coachman to return immediately ; and rather than keep his domestics and horses ex- posed to its vicissitudes, he would himself brave its inclemen¢y; at all hours, in a walk from Westminster to his residence, at thy very extremity ef Upper Harley-street, “Sec Account of the late Sir Thomas Pasléy, Bart. _ Wan. 1, recy. The ‘great tegularity which ‘per- vaded his household’and numerous domesti¢s exhibited a pattern highly wofthy of the ‘imitation ofall others in the like station 6f life; at the samie time that his munificente and hospitality in the entertainment ‘of his ‘friends were quite of the old ‘English stamp. His ‘paternal estate he laid out with great taste, insomuch that Hawkstore is one of the greatest ornaments of the county in which it is situated, and the admiration of all visitors. Sir ‘Richard was never married, so that his title and estates descend to his eldest brother, now Sir John Hill. * At his seat, near Alton, Hampshire, Sir Thomas Pasley, batt. admiral of the ‘white, 74. He was the fifth son of James Pasley, esq. of Craig, in the county of Demtries, North Britain, by Magdalen, daughter of Robert Eliot, esq. of Middleholm “Mill, in the county of Roxburgh. He was born at Craig, on the 2d of March, 1734, and hav- ing, from his early youth, entertained a strong predilection for the naval service, he éntered in 1752, as a midshipman om board the Gar- land frigate. Very soon afterwards, he re- moved into the Weasel floop of war, at that ‘time under orders for the Jamaica station, and in which he served successively under the cap- tains Cockburn, Webber, ‘and Digby. The ‘latter being appointed to the Biddeford fri- gate, took with him Mr. Pasley, for whom le had conceived a strong’ attachment, and promoted him to the rank of acting lieute- nant. The frigate was soon ordered to Eng- land, having on board 500,0001._ in bullion. As soon as the vessel arrived at Portsmouth, Mr. Pasley, with a proper escort, was dis- patched to London with the treasure. Hav- ing lodged his valuable charge in the bank, he returned to Portsmouth without delay, and embarked on board the Dunkirk,’ to which Captain Digby had been appointed du- ring his absence. This ship was one of those which proceeded, in 1757, on the unsuccess~ ful expedition to the coast ef France; and, though its issue was so ill calculated to pro- cure either honour or promotion for those who were engaged in it, yet the merit of Mr. Pasley had so powerfully attracted the notice of his commanding officer, that, on his re- turn to Portsmouth, he found a commission as an established lieutenant lying there for him, by which he was appointed to serve on board of the Roman Emperor fire-ship. He was very soon afterwards tranferzed from this vessel, at his own special request, into the Hussar frigate, commanded by the celebrated captain Elliot, with whom heremoved to the Bolus of 36. guns. In this ship he assisted in the capture of the Migponne, a French vessel of 20 guns, which, with her consort, the Blonde, of $6, the ASolus fell in with off the coast of France; but, as the enemy im- mediately crowded all the sail they could set, the latter was fortunate enough teescape. In the year 1760, the ZZolus was enor the \ | 7809.]. Account of the late Sir Thomas Pasley, Bart. 7 f the Irish station, and captain E}liot, as senior officer, commanded -the little British squa- dron, which: proceeded from the harbour of Kinsale in quest of the French, under Thu- rot, who had effected a landing in the north of Ireland. The event of the engagement which took p'ace is too well known to render a repetition necessary; but a circumstance which occarted during the encounter, reflects too much jionour..on the judgment of Mr. Pasley tobe omitted. The ASolus had falien ‘on board the French commodore’s ship, the Belliste of 44 guns, the bowsprit hanging over that ship’s gquarter-deck, and was conse- quently not only left exposed to the whole weight of the enemy’s fire; without being able to. bring a single gun to bear on her an- tagonist, but also compelled to engage the Blonde, of $6, at the same time with her aftermost guns, that frigate having fallen en board the Solus. In this perilous situation Mr, Pasley called the men from the foremost guns, which he at that time cofnmanded; and having boarded the enemy at their head from the bowsprit, made himself master of the deck, and obtained entire possession of the ship. As soon as this conquest was achieved, he sent on board the €olus for an English jac--, which he immediately hoisted on board the prize, as her signal of surrender." Captain Elliot, soon after his arrival at Portsmouth with his prizes, was removed into another ship, but Mr. Pasley retained his station un- der captain, now lord Hetham, who was ap- pointed to succeed him, and with whom he Continued till the year 1762. In the £olus, Mr. Pasley returned to his former occupation of cruizing, but was not concerned in any advantage more material than the capture of five or six privateers of insignificant force, and of a valuable French ship outward bound, from Bourdeaux to St. Domingo, calied the Formidable. On the returniof the Aolus to England, Mr. Pasley had the satisfaction to fina that he had been promoted, during his ab- sence, to the rank of commander, and was appointed to the Albany sloop of war, a ves- sel employed in convoying ships to and from the port of Milférd. After some continu- ance in that sloop, he removed into the Weasel, in which he had before served as a midshipman, and proceeded to the coast of Guinea. From the Weasel he was appointed ‘to the Pomona, of 18 guns, and was ordered to Greenock, on the impress service, in con-. sequence of the apprehended rupture with Spain respecting the Falkland Islands. In 1771, le was promoted to the rank of post- cic Sali and being appointed to the Sealiorse, of 20 guns, he sailed to the West Indies, where he rendered material service during the ' conrest with the Caribs. Having returned to England the ensuing year, and.the Seahorse being put out of commission, he continued unemployed tijl 1776. He was then ap- inted to the Glasgow, and sent out to the est Indies, to convoy thither a valuable © Montup+ Mac., No, 179. ‘the British squadron by M. de ‘Suffrein, ia ‘Porto Praya Road, the Jupiter was particu- 595 ' ‘ficet of merchantmen, consisting of 120 sail. ‘This charge he executed so much to the sa- tisfaction of all concerned, that he received the thanks of the cities of London, Bristol, ‘and other ports, and a handsome piece of plate was presented to him, as a more sub~ ‘stantial proof af the approbation of the mer- ehants. On his return to England, captain Pasley performed a similar service ; and, with the exception of the present, he had the sa- tisfaction of receiVing similar honours. Seon after his arrival in England, he was appointed to the Sybil of 28 guns, and sent with admi- ral Edwards to the Newfoundland station. In 1780 he was promoted to the Jupiter of 50 guns, and at the commencement of the en- suing year, sailed with commodore Johnstoneon a secret expedition. In the attack made en larly distinguished for the power and force of her fire; and amidst the torrent of abuse which’ was undeservedly thrown on some pet= . Sons concerned in that encounter, the conduct of captain Pasley was very justly applauded by al! parties. The subsequent operations of the British squadron were, as it is well known, confined to the capture of a fleet of Dutch India ships, surprised in Saldanha Bay. On its return, the Jupiter was, in May 1782, or- dered to proceed to the West Indies with ad- miral Pigot, who was sent out to supersede lord Rodney, in the chief command of the fleet emoloyedin that quarter, The Jupiter, soon after her arrival, was ordered on a cruize off the Havannah, and Captain Pasley had the “good fortune to tale five out of thirteen ves- ‘stis which he fell in with. The crew of one of these prizes, however, having risen on the, English that were put into her, succeeded in | their attempt, and carried her intothe Ha- vanngh, where they informed the Spanish Ad- miral of the situation of the Jupiter, which had struck upona shoal. He accordingly dise patched a ship of 84, and another of 64 gunsg. to take or destroy her. Captain Pasley had, meanwhile, succeeded in getting the Jupiter afloat; but almost immediately fell in witls the Tiger, the largest of the Spanish ships. The enemy immediately gave chace, and gained considerably on the Jupiter, which had sustained considerable injury. At the dawn of day, the Tiger, being within gun. shot, and Captain Pasley finding escape im- possible, called together his crew, to whom he addressed a short but spirited harangue. He declared his intention of attacking the enemyy which was warmly. approved by three hearty cheers. - The pared foraction. Theenemy, probably inti- midated by this appearance of resolution, im- mediately hauled their wind, and suiicred the Jupiter to continue her voyage unzo- Jested. Captain Pasley immediately sutled for Antigua, to refit; and hostilities ceasing soon after, the Jupiter procecded to Cunthar * eur ‘where she was put out Of cyromassion. Ph five Jupiter brought-te, and pre-. , 596 five years which immediately succeeded the cessation of hostilities, were passed by Capt. Pasley in the relaxation of domestic retire- ment. In 1788, he was invested with the chief command in the Medway, and hoisted his broad pendant on board the Vengeance, From this station he removed, first into the Scipio, and then into the Bellerophon. In the latter he was ordered to join the chan- nel fleet, in consequence of the apprehended ruptures with Russia and Spain. These dis- putes being compromised, he repaired to Chatham, where he continued during the customary period allotted to such a command. Retiring for a time from the service, he again remained unemployed till the com- mencement of the war with France in 1793. He was then appointed, as an_ established commodore, to fioist his broad pendant on board his former ship, the Bellerophon, and ordered to join the main fleet, under the or- ders of Lord Howe, On the 12th of April 1794, being advanced to the rank of rear- admiral of the white, he hoisted his flag on board the same ship to which he had been so long attached. In the partial affairs which preceded the glorious ist of June, as wellas in the engagement on that day, the Bel- lerophon took a conspicuous part; and towards the conclusion of the conflict, Admiral Pasley had the misfortune to lose his leg. He had, however, the satisfaction to receive every palliative co his wound, which the attention of his sovereign, his com- mander, and his country, could bestow. His majesty conferred on him the dignity of a baronet, accompanied with a pension of 10001, a year. The personal injury he hed sus- tained necessarily deprived the nation of his farther services in an active capacity. In 1798, in consequence of the mutiny at the Nore, Sir Thomas was appointed for a short time commander-in-chief in the Thames and Medway; but relinquished this station as goon as the trials of the mutineers were con- cluded. In 1799; he was appo‘nted port- admiral at Portsmouth, where he displayed the same activity and ability which con- stantly marked his character, while the un- impaired state of his body permitted him to engage in a more interesting department of the service. Sir Thomas married Mary, daughter of "Thomas Heywood, esq. chief justice of the Isle of Man, who died in 1788, and was buried at Avignon, in France; by whom he had two daughters, Maria, mar- ried ty Captain Sabine, of the Guards, and Magdalen. i ‘At his house, in Spital-square, William Hawes, M.D. a man whose long, active, dis- interested, and unwearied éxertions in the cause of humanity, justly secured to him the regard, esteem, and affection of all who knew him, or who feel an interest in whatever pro- motes the happiness of their species ; nor can these exertions fail to endear his memory to posterity, asa benefactor to the human race, : - 4 - » Account of the late W. Hawes, M.D, \ add a He was born at Islington, of respectable pa- rents, on November 28, 1756. Aft iv ing his education at St. Paul’s school, he went as an apprentice, in the year 1751, te Mr. Corson, an eminent apothecary at Lam~ beth. On the terminatien of his apprentice- ship, he attended with great diligence the lec- tures given at the hospital, and by the diffe- rent Iccturers of the time. His favourite lecturer was the lute Dr, George Fordyce, and on whom he attended for some time after he entered into business, living in his immedi- ate neighbourhood. 1n 1759, he settled as an apothecary in the Strand: here he practised for many years with considerable success to his patients and himself. In the year 1767, a society was instituted at Amsterdam, for the recovery of the drowned, in consequence of some instances of recovery which had been happily effected, a short time before, in Switzerland. Memoirs of this society were published, anda copy of them-brought from Holland by Dr. Cogan; these he translated in 1773, inorder to show to the British pub- lic the practicability of recovering persons whe had hitherto been considered as dead, in con-~ sequence of being taken out of the water with every appearance of death. ‘These memoirs were no sooner translated, than they engaged the benevolent and humane’ mind of Mr. Hawes. He immediately advertized that he would pay rewards to those who would ac~ quaint him, within a certain time, of any” person who had been drowned in his neigh- bourhood. ‘This he» did -till the society was established in the following year: and cer~ tainly, he could not have given a more sincere or disinterested proof of his wish to promoce so valuable and benevolent an object. Inthe spring of 1774, Mr. Hawes published his *¢ Account of the late Dr. Goldsmith’s Hl. ness, so far as relates to the Exhibition of Dr, James’s Powder; together with Remarks on the Use and Abuse of that powerful Medi- cine, in the beginning of acute Disease.” Dr. Goldsmith was his intimate friend, and one of the first whom he consulted on his plan of offering the rewards just méntioned. Mr. Hawes’ only motive in this publication ap- pears to have been the wish of being service~ able to others; and to prevent men, if pose sible, trom destroying their own lives by the injudicious use of strong and (what are call- ed) infallible remedies. ‘© Ifthe desire I have, (he observes) to warn mankind against the fa- tal effects produced by the indiscriminate ex hibition of various potent medicines has be- trayed me into an improper warmth of expres« sion, I hope to stand excused by the humane and sensible part-of the public, when it is consi- dered that the preservation of the lives of my fellow-creatures was my principal inducement to it.” He acknowledges, however, with the greatest candour, that much good has arisen from the proper and skilful exhibition of Dr; James’s powder, in many cases of fever; but declares that he kas .lso seen several cases in * whigh 1809.) which it has proved highly injurious. In an advertisement to a fourth edition of this ac- count, he remarks, ‘* it is not my disposi- tion to be uncandid, nor my wish to injure the circumstances of any man; but whatsoever, in the form of medicine, appears likely to produce a public injury, Iam determined to expose. I have made quacks of all denomi- nations my sworn enemies: but what medical man of honour and reputation would wish to be upon tolerable terms with the murde- yers of the human race?” Inthe summer of this year (1774) an association of thirty gen- tlemen,. one half of whom were the friends of Dr. Cogan, and the other of Mr. Hawes, formed themselves into a society, whose ob- ject, like that of Amsterdam, was to promote the recovery of persons who were apparently dead by drowning ;:and like that society also, their views were at first confined to the reco- very of drowned. Other respectable ames were soon added to the list; and successful cases began to increase its numbers and repu- tation. Dr. Cogan, during his continuance in England, prepared the reports of the so- ciety from year to year; that he did it with judgment, would be unnecessary to say, as he ¢an do nothing but with the hand of a mas~ ter. During this time, Mr. Hawes was most zealously active in promoting the views of the infant institution: but his wish to pro- mote the welfare and happiness of others was limited or confined to one point. Karly in the year 1776, he published an examination of Wesley’s primitive physic, a work full of _ the grossest absurdities, and the most dange- Yous remedies ; and which were likely to be destructive of the/lives of many of those over whom the name of Wesley had influence. This examination, which passed through three large editions, it is believed, has been very serviceable in promoting the humane and disinterested views of its author. About this time he received his diploma of M.D. Inthe autumn of this year he gave his first course of lectures on suspended animation. The ~ Doctor’s object in delivering these lectures was to excite an investigation of the subject in all its branches, and particularly to lead the minds of medical students to it, and to induce them. to examine into, and pay the most minute attention to, all the received signs of life, in cases of suspended animation, whether from drowning, suffocation by the prs syncope: inebriation, or trance; from . xious vapuurs, intense cold, and even light-, ning. These lectures were continued for se~ veral years, and answered. the very valuable purpose of turning the attention of many of his hearers to this benevolent, novel, and in-, teresting subject. Jn 1777, the Doctor first published his ‘* Address to the. Public on premature Death and premature Interment.” At a considerable expence he distributed se- ven thousand of this address in the course of afew months. He alsooffered the reward of “one guinea to any nurse, or other attendant, v , Account of the lateW. Hatves, M. D- 597 | on any child or grown pe returning to life by their humane attention} provided the fact was ascertained by a gentleman of the’ faculty, dr attested by three creditable per- sons. The Doctor asserts, and no one who knew him can doubt it, that his view in in- curring such heavy expences was the hope of exciting an universal attention to the subject of somuch importance to mankind, Some time in the year 1778, a more active post in the management of the affairs of' the Hu- mane Society devolved on him, by his being chosen register. This was stiJ] increased in the year 1780, when Dr. Cogan returned to Holland. On this event Dr. Hawes greatly regretted the:loss of so able a colleague, and laments that the task of arranging and pre~ paring the annual reports of the socicty should have ‘* fallen into hands of such in- ferior ability ; but hopes that his zeal will compensate for the want of ability, that the important cause then intrusted to his sole care might not be permitted to languish. Those only who have witnessed the labour and fatigue which the multiplied, concerns of the society necessarily impose on him who is” entrusted with the entire direction of them, can justly appreciate the value and extent @f his unceasing exertions for promoting a cause so near his heart, and with ‘which his own happiness, as well as the happiness of others, was interwoven. The Doctor remarks, that® soon after this time the execution of the re- ports of this institution became more complex and intricate. As the instances of resuscita- tion multiplied, he observes that new and improved modes of treatment suggested them- selves to skilful practitioners; and that other species of apparent death than those hitherto treated, were also brought within the reach of art. These, circumstances arising from the liberal spirit and unexampled fervour ma- nifested by the medical assistants, in the pro- secution of their life-saving views, concurred to render the task operose and complicated. But, he adds, all these difficulties sunk be~ fore the pleasing contemplation of the im- mense good that would. result to mankind from it. In 1781, Dr. Hawes published “¢ An Address to the King and Parliament of Great Britain, on preserving the Lives of the Inhabitants, and on regulating the “Bills of Mortality.” ‘fo the third ‘edition of this work were made very considerable additions 5 particularly ¢¢ Varther Hints for restoring Animation, and for preserving Health against the pernicious Influence ef noxious vapours, or contaminated. Air, by -simple effica~ cious Means,” in a letter to him by Dry Fothergill. The mind’ of Dr. Hawes was uniformly and ardently employed in the gene~ ral cause of hymanity. His views of benefix cence were by no means confined to the ob- soon * In the Transactions of the Society from 1774 to 1784, published in 4796, by Dr, Hawes. pe tne” I “ yonk ' “5OS ject connected with the institation of which he was the zeslous advocate and unwearied promoter. His whole life was aconstant ex- emplification "of «his motto; > Homo sum bz- mani ‘nihil a’ me alien pato. We did not suffer his exertions to:abate, because he could , Hot succeed in the first, second, or third at- tempt ; ‘but persevered with uncommon ar- ~ddur till he could obtain the object he wished to'promote for ‘the good of others: Numerous are the instances of his anonymous appeals to the public liberality for the relief of virta- -ous indigence or unavoidable misery. In the year 17953, the introduction of the general use of cottons instead of silk,: having occasioned, as was to be expected, 2 wantof employment to the weavers of silk in Spitalfields, a great deal of disease, distress; and positive want, were the’ consequences. Dr. Hawes; in his capacity of physician to the London Dispen- - sary, witnessed them with real -anguish of . Mind, and lamented his own inability to afford relief. We made several appeals to the pab- lic, at length he became happily instrumental in preserving, from absolute ruin, nearly twelve hundred families. The following let- terto a clergyman, is one, among a great. many, which -his humane and benevolent mind dictated on the occasion. ‘SOReveEREND Sin, ** Permit me to address you on the present occasion, and to teturh you my most sincere thanks for your voluntary exertions in behalf , of the distressed weavers. Believe, Sir, it is not ‘in the power of language to describe their long ahd continued’ miseries 5 miseries not brought om ‘by idleness, intemperance; or a dissolute course of life; human wretchedaess, absolutely produced by want of employment. My profession obliges me daily tobe an eye- witness ‘to the severe distresses, trials, and afflictions, of ‘these thuch to be pitied of our fellow-creatures. Whole families, without fire, without raiment, and without food; and, to add to the catalogue of human woes, three, four, and five, in many families languishing of the bed of sickness. Iam sure, Sir, you will believe oe, when I declare, that such sctnes of complicated woe are too affecting to dwell upon:-and therefore shall conclude with my most earnest wishes, that by your pleading intheir behalf, other divines may be animated to the same pious undertaking; I am certain that public benevolence will pre- vent the premature death of many, will re- store health to numbers, and afford the staff of life to thousands of afflicted families. “«¢T am, Reverend Sit, your most obedient humible servant, W. Hawes, Physician to the London Dispensary.” Spital- Square, November 16, 1793. About ten yearsago, Dr. Létsom, who had succeeded Mr. Horsfallas treasurer of the Humane Society, resigned, and Dr. Hawes was chosen as his successor.» He had previ- ously discharged that ‘part of the treasurer's office which consists in examining into the Account of thelaleW. Hawes; M.D. . claims for rewards, and paying He thereforé still continued his laborious > for supporting and exvending the influence of the institutiun, which he had fostered with all the attention, assiduity, and interest of a parent. Indeed, a man of less ardour, or zeal, or activity, must have failed in raising to that degree of eminence, which it gow pos- sebsses, the Humane Society of London. The tide of prejudice, for many years, ran very strong against a set of men who presumed, or pretended to bring the dead to life. In other institutions, the subscribers have ‘the means of aftording relief to some sick or distressed neighbours, or have something to dispose of, some good they can personully confer; but, in this institution, there is nothing of the kind, which has been an obstacle to itsestablish- ment. Its patrons and promoters have, it is true, the godlike satisfaction of knowing they contribute towards presetving the; lives of many of their fellow-creatares from prema- ture death. They have a gratification too, of avery superior kind, afforded them at the an- niversary festival; they see men, women, and children, whum they have coutributed to rescue from an untimely death, walk in so- lemn and silent procession, expressing as they pass, their gratitude te God and to their ber nefactors. This is one of the most interesting and aflecting scenes a man of feeling cam wit- nessjand it seldom fails to cause thetear of sym- pathy to steal down the cheeks of the specta~ tors. It certainly reqaired all the energy and | undeviating perseverance of Drs H. to place this institation in opposition te numerous dif- | ficulties, in that state of respectability and permanence in which he has left icy and to which such a cause is justly entitled. To the same zeal for saving the lives of his -fel- low-creaturés, niust we attribute his uniform attention to the etablishment of similar socie- ties in numerous towns of the united ‘king- dom ; and in various parts of Europe, Ame- rica,and India. No man could be more alive to éistress of every kind than Dr. Hawes; and to a great variety of which he was acon- stant witness in his attendance on the-poor, as physician of the London and Surry Dispensa- ries. In many cases he found them more in want of nourishthent than medicine; having told them’ what was necessary, he would afford them the meahs of procuring this nou- rishment, and hasten from them to prevent their overwhelming him with their gratitude. Instances too have frequently occurred of his overtaking persons in the street, whom he knew tobe in great want; of his taking his hand from his pocket, and putting the means of relief into their hand, and passing quickly on; The instances of his benevolence, hu- manity, and real charity, wust have been nu- merous’; for many of those which are known, have been incidentally discovered. It was truly said of him in the Morning Chronicle; a day or two after his death, that he was a man ef whom it may with the greatest truth be a asserted, ib - Wy any 1809.] asserted,, that his only failings arose from an overfow of the milk of human kindness; that he was open and unsuspecting as noon-day ; that his heart was alwaysin his hand, and his benevolence unbounded ; and that the tears and regrets of thousands would follow him to the graye, with the consolatory reflection that he is gone to receive the reward of a well-spent, active, useful, and virtuous life. As a friend, he was sincere, and without the least reserve, In him wasno guile. To his family he was the affectionate friend, and in- dulgent father; and by whom he was most deservedly and tenderly beloved. His highest gratification was, to see those around him happy, and to contribute by every means in his power, to promote their pleasures and comfort. His manners were kind and conci- liating ; his temper frank, generous, and uncommonly cheerful. Qn the evening of Sunday, November 6; he was attacked with a very painful disease, which, though the skill and attention of Messrs. Cline and Addington Northumberland and Durham. 599 succeeded in mitigating, they could not-re- move. During this severe illness, his pa- tience, composure, and resignation, were truly exemplary. The activity of his mind continued with him to the last; and to the last moment he was sensible. On Monday morning, December 5, he was, at six o’clock, remarking on something that was passing ; at a-quarter pastsix, he gently closed his eves on this life, wih a look of affection and tender- ness to those of his family, who were then surrounding him. He was buried at Isling- ton, on Tuesday December 13. Three mourning coaches, filled with his relatives, and a few of his most intimate friends attended him to the grave. To these were unexpect- edly added, in the square, seven other mourn- ing ‘coaches; filled with those friends who were desirous of thus publicly manifesting theiresteem for him, and accompanying him to his last abode in this world. The church was filled, and the sorrow for the loss of such aman was abundantly visible, \* rn ee se | PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH att tnt MARRIAGES anp DEATHS; + Arvomged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from ‘North to South. — a. —*,* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly au= * shenticated, and sent Sree of Postage, are always thank ofeally recevved, Those are | more ; articulurly acceptable which describe the Progress of Locdl Improvements of ind, or which contuin Biographical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. -_——— NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. A ePRIED.| At Sunderland, Mr. Harri- fon Watfon, to Mifs Abigail Hunter. At Middleton One Row, near Darlington, Thomas Wrightfon, efq. of Eafingwoid, Yorkthire, to Mifs Wade, of Northallerton. - At Durham, Mr, George Elliot, to Mifs Deanhamis=Mr. Thomas Hackforth, to Mifs E. Bleach. ‘At Stannington, Mr. William Towns, to Mifs Anna Thompfon, both of Newcattle. » At Newcaftle,: Mr. D. Akenhead, of the houfe of Turner and Akenhead, druggifts, to ‘Mifs Wawn.—Mr. Jolin Rofocamp, to Mifs Barbara Harrifon.—Mr. Garthwaite, of Lan- chefter, to Milfs Eliz. Robfon. . At Simosburn, Mr. George Bewick, of ~ Donisirk, near Chollerford, to Mifs ‘Mary Bell, daughter of Mr. John B. of Hamshaugh, - At Barnardcaftle, Thomas Suggett, efq. to Mifs Urfilla Child. - At Gretna-Green, Paul Vaillant, efq. of Stesthiéen, to Mifs Inglith, of Crancfhaugh. ° Died.] At Thorneyford, Mr. Ralph Sprag- gon, 7o. At the Forth; near‘Neweaflle, Mr. James Hewfon, 28. At Newcafle, Hewry Shadforth, efq. 6p. w= Mr, Thomas Angus, printer, 31. sere. Hunter, 66.—Mrs. Jane Winthip, 72.—Mrs. Sarah Danfon, 53.—-Mr. Jofhia Alder.—Mr. John Verty.—Mr. Wm, Robfon, 53. At Hexham, Mr. Jofeph Charlton. At Burnbank, Mr. Thomas Charlton, 90, * At Sunderland, Mrs. Cuitt. * At Hawick, Mr. Wm. Oliver, merchant. At Lamefley, Mrs. Ifabe! Waifter, 99. ~ At Newham Edge, Mr. Luke Wee burn, 23. At Morpeth, Mr. John Forfter, 90. The Rev. Henry Blackett, thirty-eight years re€tor of Bolden, in the county of Durham, 33. At Chefter-le-Stseet, Mrs. Eliz. @ouncél- lor, 65. At Berwick, Mr. Service, 40.—-Mr. Ré- bert How, 71. At Wooler, Mrs. Macdonald, wife of Mr. M. 79. They had been married fifty-feven yeats, during the laft fifty of which there had aot been a death in their family. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, Married.] At Bridekirk, James Spedding, efq. to Mifs Ballantine, daughter of Lawfon Dykes B. efq of Cockermouth. At Carlifle, William Prieftley, ef. of Falifax, Yorkshire, to Mifs Paley, daughter of the late Archdeacon P. ‘ fut —————— 600 furgeon, to Mifs Udale. , : At Hefket, Jobn Graham, efq. of Calth- waite, in the Foreft of Inglewood, to Mrs, MM‘ Minnus. : At Cleator, John Birly, efq. to Mrs, Lin- dow, of Wood-End, near Egremont. At Kendal, Mr. H. Robfon, of Manchef- ter, merchant, to Mifs Mawfon. At Heverfham, Mr. Thomas Jackfon, jun. to Mifs Nicholfon, both of Lancafter.—Mr. John Addifon, to Mifs Nicholfon, both. of Beathwaite-Green, near Kendal. At Darlington, Mr. Richard Scott, of Cox- wold, to Mifs Jane Thompfon, of the King’s- head Inn. . Died.} At Carlile, on Wednefday, No- vember 2, Mr. Chifholm, architect, aged 28. He was a native of Aberdeen, in North- Britain; in the Univerfity of which he re- ceived the elements of*phyfical and moral fecience, on which his profeffional ftudies “were grounded. The aétivity of his mind was fhewn in. the great progrefs which he made in architeéture, engineering, and thofe parts of natural philofophy conneéted with them. But while he was ftudious to ad- vance himfelf in his profeffion, he did not negle& thofe ornamental ftudies which qua-— lify a man to take a part in elegant and polite converfation. His tafte was improved by reading the beft poets of ancient and modern times ; and he had formed a ftyle of writing which evinced a brilliant fancy and a poetical imagination. Mr. Chifholm, tilla few days previous to his death, enjoyed good health, and was eyer aétive in promoting and fuper- intending the works on which he was em- ployed. On the Thurfday preceding he was out taking different levels on the river Cal- dew, from which the projeéted water-works were to take ‘their fource. On Sunday he went on a vifit to John Lofk, efq. of Wood- fide, from which place he returned home in- difpofed ; fhortly after, his illnefs increafed, and though the beft medical aiffiftance was adminifiered, and every attendance that friend- thip or humanity could dictate, yet his difor- der proved mortal, and deprived the world of a man of integrity and of worth! It has too often been our Yot to lament the afpiring ge- nivs cut fhort by the hand of death, and to yaourn for the vacuum which it leaves bebind it; but never could regret or lamentation be _more feelingly beftowed than on the fubjec of this fhort memorial. -From the union of moral excellence and ingenuity in his profef- fion, from the aménity of his manners, and from: the juftnefs of his obfer'vations, he had conciliated univerfal efteem, admiration, and refpect: and never did the grave clofe upon a man more ufeful, nor more entitled to the efteem and reverence of his furvivors. ‘It is fuppofed that he died-in confequence of the hurfling of an artery at the heart. Porkshire. oF At Workington, Mr. Edward) Hare, attor- > ney, to Milfs Betfey Bell—Mr. Jofeph Litt,. At the houfe of ‘his fon-in-law James” Forfter, efq. the Rey. John Farrer, aged | 73, vicar of Stanwix, in this county, and minifter of the perpetual curacies of Wit. ton le-Wear, and Hamfterly, in the count; of Durham. He was’many years teacher of the fchoo! at Witton, which, by his unparal-- leled exertions, he raifed to a pitch of emi-- nence rarely excelled. In the death of this worthy divine, theeftablifhed church has loft one of its moft ftrenuous fupporters, the poor’ a liberal benefactor, and his family and con- ne€tions an invaluable friend, His private virtues were only furpaffed by his zeal for the religion of that mafter, whofe example it’ was ever the ardent with of ‘his life to imi- tate.—-Mr, James Blake, 84.—Mr. William - Lamb, jun. 43-—Mr. Archibald Simpfon, 70. —Mrs. Irwin, wife of Mr. 1. fchoolmafer, 78. At Newbaths Hall, Mr. Edward Bowman. - At Newtown, near Carlifle, Mr. William” Morris. : RAS? 2 At Newby, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Robert Bailiff, 28. . At Penrith, Mr. George Allen, many years matter of the Lion Inn, 66. At Whitehaven, Mrs. Edward Grears, 29. At Workington, Mr. Leonard Spears, 420 —-Mr. Jonathan Hayton, 38.— John Fawcett, efq. merchant, and late manager of the co- partnerfhip firm of Meffrs. Wilton, Wood, and Co, a young man whofe candid and inde- pendent principles, combined with his exten- five concerns in trade, render his death a public lofs, i 9 At Natland Beck, near Kendal, Mr. Ri- ~ chard Wilfon, 8a. At Newbiggin, near Penrith, Mrs. Ann — Johniton, 95. 7 ae _At Dacre, near Pentith, Mr. Wm. Slee, — a 3>- a At Brampton, Mr. John Hodgfon. a At Kendal, Mr. Thomas Beilby, of Don-~ cafter, Yorkthire, celebrated as a preferver of birds, and proprietor of the travelling mu- feum, wt . YORKSHIRE. ae ; It is in contemplation to, eftablifh in this county a feminary, on a liberal and rather ex- tenfive fcale, under the denomination of ¢* The County Grammar School,”? for the education of the children of Proteftant Diffenters: the courfe of education to comprehend the Eng- lifh, French, Latin and Greek Janguages, arithmetic, geography, hiitory, and belles lettres. The utility, not.to fay abfolute ne~ ceffity, of eftablifhments of this nature, amongft a large, increafing, and, in fome re- fpe&ts, opulent body of men, whofe children - have not accefs to the national feats of learn- ing, requires not to be infifted upon. . It will, ftrike the community by which thefe’ bene~ fits are to be enjoyed, with fufficient force to. infure the accomplifhment of a defign that mutt, in no incentiderable degree elevate the: “yang general } 3808]: rankof that commuhity in the fate, and fe- eure to their defendants the combined advan- tages of a claffical and religious education. At the'apnual meeting of the members of the Hull Subfcription Library, held at the Library-room, the treafurer (Mr. J.N.Croffe) ead to the meeting a hiftory of the inflitu- tien, from its foundation, which he had been requefted to draw up by the unanimous wifh of the-fub{feribers affembled ata former an- pual meeting. This hiftory was ordered to be printed. The annual accounts of the Library were then read and pafied. From them it appears, that the number of fub- feribers is 463; and that the amount of books purchafed this year, in the different claffes of literature, including binding, is 38g. 5s. 3d. Married.] At Halifax, Captain Porter, of the Harriet, to Mary, eldeft daughter of Cap- tain Woodhead, of Elland. At Leeds, Thomas Moore, efg. of the Ifle of Man, to Mrs. Gooch. At Skelbrook, Mr. Fenton, fon of Colonel Fenton, of Sheffield, to Mifs Lucy Mapple- beck, .of the former place. At Whitby, Lieut. Jones, of the royal navy, fon of Thomas Jones, efq. collector of excife at that place, to Mifs Langborne. At Thornton, Mr. Clarke, of Caftlethorp, near Selby, to Mifs Webfter, daughter of the Rev. Robert W. retor of Thorpe-Vaffel, and.curate of the Holy Trinity Church, Hull. At Nafferton, William Wheatley, efq. of Work(op Lodge, Nottingham, to Mifs Har- tiet Laybourn, daughter of Chriftopher L,. efq. At Watton Abbey, Charles John Berkeley, M.D, of Beverley, to Mifs Frances Harriet Pennyman, youngett davghier of the late fir James P, bart. At Sutton, Mr. James Spence, fon of Cap- tain S. of Hull, to Mifs Mary Glover. Died.] At.Leeds, Mr. Richard Paley, many) years a confiderable foap boiler and yerchant.—Mrs, Hartley, $3.—Mis. Habella Shaw.—Mrs. Ann Atkinfon, daugh- ter of the late Mr. Thomas A. town- clerk. of this borough, 69.—Mrs. Hargtave. — Mis. ~ Thompfon, wife of William T. efq. banker, .73.—Mr.Benjamin North, 33 —Mrs. Yorke, wife of Whittle Y. efq. one of the aldermen of this borough. —Mr. Benjamin Radcliffe, Mey iat’) Halifax, ‘Mr. Williams, many years drawing-maiter to feveral academies in that town and neighbourhood. At Wakefield, Mr. Labron, formerly of © the Red Lion, Pontefract. — Mr. Morville, 5 5. At Northowram, Mrs. Eliis, wife of the * Rev. Mr. E. minitterof che Baptift Meeting | there. . At Huddersfield, Mra. Garnet, wife of Mr. -G, bookfeller, At Dewlbury, Mrs. Sykes, fifter of F. s. ely. ‘sn r Aeed 66 Mr, G - ,Hobfon, of Middleham, = . Lancashire, far ‘01 ' furgeon. He left his own houle aparently in the moft perfeét health, to vifit a patient at the diftance of a few miles only: imme- diately on his arrival there, he complained of uneafinefs at his ftomach, and after taking a little refrefhment his head was affe@ted, he inftantly funk back in his chair, and expired without a groan. In the exersifs of a long ‘and laborious profeifional life, he ever fup- ported the charaéter of a fkilful and humane practitioner, a man of modeft manners, and impeached integrity. At Tickhill, near Doncafter, the Rey, Wm. Crowther, M. A, late of Sidney-Col- lege, Cambridge, 26.—Mr. Jonathan Alder fon, attorney. At Howden, John Schofield, efq. ‘ At Whitby, Mr. Jofeph Gardiner.—Mr. Nicholas Rippon, 82. At Roflington, Eleanor, eldeft daughter of ~ the Rev. James Stovin, D,D. reétor of that place, 17. At Howhham, Mr. John Hudfon, chief conftable for the divifion of sm, “ht in oe Eaft Riding. At Bridlington, Mifs Mary. Froft, 63. At Weftgate Common, near Wakefield, Mrs. Holdfworth, 61. At Gibraltar, Mr. Jofhua Markland, young~ eft fon of Edward M. efq. of Leeds. At Scofthorp, near Skipton, ina Cravens Thomas Prefton, efq. 59. At Holl, in the workhoufe, Alice Potts, 103. She was born at Sunderland, and ufed to say that fhe was the firft child baptized in that church—Mr. Thomas Brown, 46.—. Mrs. Dickinson, wife of Mr. Stephen D. at- torney.—-Mr. James Maxwell, 33.-— Mrs. Oftier, 68. At Wath, near Rotherham,, Mr. Chrifto- pher Scaife, an eminent horse jockey, aged 6z. He was training groom to the late Lord Rockingham 3 and was contiqued in that fitus ation, by Earl Fitzwilliam, uatil the 17th of May laft, when he retired, and way succeeded by his son, Mr, John dealt. At the races at Stamford, in 179%, Mr. Scaife was en- gaged to side Sir William Lowthe r’s Minion, by Magnet, for the Huntes’s Stakes, when, before farting, fhe unfortunately fell back- wards with him and broke his collar bone, several ribs, and otherwise hurt him, So as to incapacitate him from riding again. He was a respe¢table man, and has died lamented by many friends. At Pontefract, aged 75, Mr. Thomas Oxley, _Senior, surgeon and apothecary. He prac- tised in his profession upwards of fifty years _with a reputation which has only been sur- passed by his honesty and benevolence. LANCASHIRE. There are at. present.in the Liveriag! house of industry nearly, 4100 persons, men, women, and children, who are maintained (as as_respccts Butanent) at the moderate expence of abour 2s, Sd cach per week. They are, neveutheless, ‘fed upon th¢ best provi- sions, : s sin, ahd, in general, “et remarkably ealthy end contented, In ‘this populous parish, the poor rates are fower than in almost any other large tewn in the kingdom. ‘The great bulk of the money colle&ted by the “poor rates is expended in allowances to the out-poor, which require a sum little short of 70001. per annum, "The respective proprietors of the Duke of Bridgewater’s canal, and. of the. Leeds and Liverpool canal, have at length agreed to unite the two by extending the Leeds and Liverpool from Wigan to Leigh. This great undertaking wil} be of immens¢ advantage to the towns of Liverpool and Manchester, as well as to the manufacturers and other inha- bitants on the line, on account of the cheap- hess and facility which will then agtend the transmit of goods of every description between ’ the first manufacturing town, and the second sea-port in the British empire. . There are enly seven miles to cut, Married.) At Manchester, Mr, Benjamin Gibson, to miss Charlotte Peele, daughter of Laurence P. es At Lancaster, the Rev. P. S. Charrier, “ senting minister, to Miss Paget. At Bury, Mr. Ledward, of Liverpool, to Miss Ortt, daughter of the Rev. Richard O. At Liverpool, Mr. S. Samuel, of Mant chester, to Miss C. Yates, daughter of Mr. Y. esgraver. This is‘ the third brother married to a third sister.—R. Clowes, esq. to Miss Foulkes, daughter of -the late Bromi- ficld B.-¢sq.——Captain James Smith, to Miss ‘Smith., Jobn, son of Richard Cardwell, esq. Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Birley, vie of Blackburn. At Winwick, Mr. J. Woods, jun. of Liver- pool, to Miss Frances Ana Barlow, niece to the Rey, Mr. B. . At Blackburn, Thomas Carr, esq, of that place, to Miss Alicia Chew, of Billington. At Middleton, Joseph Wrigley, esq. of Gigg, near Bury, to Miss Whitworth. At Oldham, Abraham Milne, esq. of Shaw, to Miss Ann Crompton, daughter of Abel C. esq. of Rush Croft. Died.] At Prescot, aged:27, Mrs. Rich- mal Bispham, wife of Mr. Thomas B. Her memory will live long in the remembrance of her family, and her death will be lamented by her relatives and friends with no common feelings of sorrow and regret. At Lancaster, Mrs. ‘Topping.—-Mr. John Hartley, an out: pensioner of Chelsea hospital, 85.—Mr. William Addison, father of Robert ‘ A. eaq. of Cockerham-hall, 64. —Mrs. Wil- - son, 6Y. At Skerton, near Lacie, Mr. George Skerton, officer of excise, 74. Ac Liverpool, Mr. William Handley, 36. e~Mr. Richard Norris, 25.—Mrs. Long, 82. —Mr. jokn Proctor, of the customs, 36.— Mrs. Hardy, 41.—Mr, Charles Savage, 37.— Mr. W. Hoston, 38,—Mrs. Freme, 75.0 Mr. Cheshireeammmepbgshire. ’ Nt [Jan. 1, . Thomas Crane, 60.—Mrs. Gregson, wife of Mr. G. and grand-daughter of George Leigh esq. of Sughterington, Cheshire. © © At Blackburn, Mrs, Chippendall, relict of Thomas C€. esq. At Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, Med. Mercer, wife of Mr. M. surgeon and daughtet of Mr. James Whittle, of Aadericle; near Manchester, 38, At Runcorn, Mr. Robert Jannion. At Oak Hill, near Mancliester, Mrs. Sanit, wife of Samuel S. eaq. At Clarkesfield, near Oueaee Mrs. Lees, wife of James L: esq. 4 At Preston, Mrs. Scott, wité of Mr. Henry S. of the White Lion inn. At Ribchester Bridge, aged 80, Richard Carradice ; who, seventy-seven years since, lost his sight by the small-pox. In the year 1798, when in his 70th year, he walked from Blackburn to Porchester, in Hampshire, ‘upwards of two hundred miles to visit his son, and pushed a hand-cart before him all the way. A very short time before his death he ‘could contrive to thread the smallest needles. At Manchester, Mr. Philip Adolphus Rost, a native of Dresden in Saxony, formerly clerk to Messrs. Green; Byfield, and Co. 49, —Richard’ Clough,’ esq. anners the * most unassuming and-inoffensive, was united a spirit of active benevolence ; particularly towards his numerous relations, by whom he. Was regarded as a common’ facher,.” In his extensive commercial concerns,’ his integrit and scrupilous observance of: his enteqe irae, insured him general respect and sine Mr, William Radford, 45. CHESHIRE. ' Married] “At Chefter; Mr. Edward Evans, to Mifs ‘ann Otmes, fecond daughter’ of Mr. Thomas O. late of Ecclefton. , At Aftbury, the Rev. Hugh Williams, of Stone, to Ellen, third dawghter of the Tate Thomas Carcwright; : a of Ola Houfe Green. Died] At Chriftletom, the Rev: Thomas Moftyn, reétor of Chriftieton, ‘one ‘of the — prebendaries, and (ub-dean of Chefter cathe- 7 dral, and uncle to Sir Thomas Moftyn, of Moftyn, in the county of Flint’ At Chefter, Mr. Nath; Derek of thie caftle. Act Darnhall, Thomas Corbetr, efq. 79. DERBYSHIRE. Married.] At Morley, Mr. Richard All- fop, to Mifs Patience Shaw. At Heanor, Mr. B. Cartwright, of Not tingham, to Miss Holmes. Died.] At Biggin, “Mrs, Ruth Roath, wife of Mr. John R At Stanton by Bridge, Mr. Cooper. At Duffield, Mr. William Baggaley, 26.’ At Etwall, Charles Morley, $4. He lott his fight in bits youth frem the {mall-pox, and received benefit from Etwall hofpital fixty-eight years, being appointed a member ‘of, that charity in 1740; and continued in hie 1809.] the hofpital till within the laft eighteen years, when he married, and by the rules of the charity was neceflar ily expelled, but the governors allowed him a penfion till his death. He had fuch an apprehenfion of being buried alive, that fome years ago he pur- chafed a Imife, and agreed to give a fellow almfman a guinea to cut his head off with it after his death; but being himfelf the fur- vivor, he afterwards contracted with an emi- nent furgeon to open his body, which was accordingly done. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Married.} At Wet Bridgeford, Mr. John Allcock, of Nottingham, to Mifs Mary Singlehurf. At Nottingham, Mr. James Elliott, to Mrs. Unwin.—Mr. Muflon, of Wefthorpe, to Mifs Eliz. Sanders, of Beanvale.—Mr, Smith, to Milfs Gee.—Mr. Kitchen, of Thurs» gerton, to Mifs Robinfon. At Shelford, Mr. John Rofe, of Ratcliffe, to Mifs Athwell. At Newark, Mr. John Wright, ftationer, to Mifs Smalley. Died.] At Thorefby Park, Albert Alden- burgh, and John Aldenburgh, twin fons of Rear-admiral Bentinck. ' At Tuxford, Richard Berks, efq. late adjutant ia the Nottingham militia. He ferved as lieutenant of. marines at the taking of Quebec, under General Wolfe. At Nottingham, Mr. ‘William Leavers, fon of Mr. John L. 21,—Mr. Thomas Robin- fon, of the Crown and Anchor. —Mr. Mot- tram.—Mr. Crofland.—Mr. Jofeph Hill, 46. He died of hydrophobia, occafioned by the bite of a mad dog about feven weeks before . his deceafe.—Mr. George Sanfon, 30.—Mrs, Gueft, wife of Mr. Charles G.—Mr. George Richards, 17.—Mils Thorpe, only remaining daughter of Mr. Jofeph T. At Hucknal Terkard, Mrs. Belther. At Wefthorpe, Mrs. Claye, wife of the Rev. William C. 31. At Cropwell Butler, near Bingham, Mr. John Newton, many years a Soa tii in te methodift connexion. At Ollerton, Mrs. Doncafter, 74, * At Southwell, Mr, Nicholfon, fenior. _ ss LINCOLNSHIRE. A perfon engaged in digging near the en- trenchments which furround the caftle at Bourn, lately difcovered a (mall urn, con- taining upwards of fixty Roman coins. One of them is an aureus of Nero; the others-are denarii and sestertii of Conttentine, eebetis, and Maximilian. Married. | At Gainfborough,- Henry Smith,’ _efq. to Rachael, eldett daughter "of William Etheriagton,! x2fg.+-Richard Sharpe, efg. of Wing, Rutlaudy xo. Mits: Silerwiny widow of. the Kev. Roby S! rectur of AdBwell!» At ac ay rear ‘Bak cenoapon Humber, John Chapman, . weer eras to Mifs Woodall, 0) ul be aaa Mac. Norii79ei'igai 2 seh 9 2 ROW Nottingham—Lincoln-Leicester. 603 Died.] At Stamford, Mr. Boughton} for- merly an eminent attorney at King’s Cliffe, and latterly fub librarian ac the Subfcription Room jn Stamford. At Kirton Lindfey, lized neariy 100, Mrs. Letitia Bullock, the laft of the once confi- derable family of Ofgodby, of Ofgodby, ia " this county. At Gainfborough, Mifs M. Buxton, eldeft daughter of Captain John B. of the Hope, London trader, who has been fome time a prifoner of war in Francee—Mr. B. Johnfon: At Great Steeping, Mr. Jonn Bond. At Lincoln, Mr. Stephen Toyne; 71. At Burgh, in the Marth, Mr. R, Woods. e—Mrs. Jane Jollands. At Bellingborough, Mifs Ann Ellis, fecond daughter of the Rev. Seth E. of Great Hale. At Horkftow, the Rev. Mr. Rotitons vicar of that place. At Hannah cum Hagnaby, Mr. William Fenwick. At Wootton, near Barton, Mr. Thomas Morris. A few days ago, at Whaplode, near Spal- ding, aged eighty-five years, Mr. Golding, a refpectable farmer and grazier, well known as One of the warme({t votaries of Bacchus. For many years his conftant anfwer to thofe who congratulated him on his attaining to fo patriarchal an age, was ‘¢ Aye, and yet when I die you will all fay 1 killed myfelf by drinking !” At Louth, Simor’ Waters, gent. many years mafter of the White Hart Inn, Spilfby. At Stamford, Mr. Patrick, clerk to the colleGtor oF excife, 33. Ac Nittleham, Mr. Samuel Pathley, 78. At Pilsgate Mr. Malmfbury, $1 At Sleaford ;John Simpfon, gent. 38. At Blankney, Mr. J. Brown, houfe-ftew- ard to C, Chaplin, efg. M. P. for this county. : LEICESTERSHIRE. Married] At Leicefter, Mr. John Moore, of ayn ts to Mifs Leach, eldeft daughter of Fhos, L. gent. —lir.. Underwood, to Mrs. Smith, of the Three Giles ese At Market Harborough, Mr. Corral, to Ca- roline, tixth daughter ot Charles Frifby, efq, of Stratford Green, Effex. At Loughborough, Mr. Wm. Henfhaw, of Derby, to Mrs. Hopkinfon, of the Red Lion Inn, at the former place, At Hinchley, Mr. Hall, of Burton Haf- tings, Warwickfhire, to Mrs. Allen, : Died.) At'Leicefter, Mr. Henry Lenton. —Mrs. Farmer, mother of the late Rev. Dr. F. matter of Emanuel College Cambridge; and the Hoo. Mrs,. Byron, 96.—She retained her faculties until the laf mpioment, uiually read. without fpeétacles, and attendedero! het domeftic concérgsyitill within'a thorte pe) iod of her deathh—Mrs. Hlarthall, relidt. of John H. gense—Mirt Pevtifery of the Bhree —CrapssIngeevodosid eM foluinh 1A ‘rafts Weise, HAE Ge SCR, ogehts!) %o yu gee bh ve J gihine: , ‘ni . WOR OESO opis A 604. _ At Market Harborough, Mr, George Sta- bleford. At Hinkley, Mr Lee, STAFFORDSHIRE. . Married.) At Penn, Mr. Morfe, of Bed- worth mill, to Ann, fecond daughter of the late hos. Bate, efg. At, Wolverhampton, Mr. Burs, to Mifs Hill. At Weft Brunfwick, Mr. Arthur Gilbert, ' to Mifs Hudley, daughter of J. H. efg. J. Brown, efq. of Caftle Hayes, near Bur- ton on Trent, to Annj youngeit daughter of W Sagar, efq. of Southfield, near Colne, Lan- cafhire. . Died.] At A&ton Truffell, near Stafford, Mrs. Hail, 99. . ‘At Penkridge, Mrs. Reynolds, late of the new houfe, near Gnofal. At Burtonon Trent, Mr. Edward Hodfon. =—The Rev. Hugh Jones, 68. Aged €9, the Rev. T. Mofs, minifter of Trentham and Brierly Hill, author of the Beggar's Petition and other poctical pieces. WARWICKSHIRE. All thofe who take atively intereft in. the welfare of children in the lower claffes of fociety, will be gratified to hear, that a liberal fubfcription is entered intoin Birming- ham, to enable Mr. Lancafter to eftablifh a fchool in that town, upon his new, cheap and expeditious plan, for inftruéting -poor children in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Married.| At Birmingham, Mr. Wm. Read, to Mifs Amy Behfon, daughter of Wm. B. gent. of Springhill.—Mr. James Taylor, of the New inn, Halefowen, to Mifs Harriet Redfearn, Died.]_ At Birmingham, Mr. Charles Wilday,. matter of the Shakfpeare Tavern for the laft 25 years.—Mrs. Ann Hodges, 83. —Mr. ‘Thomas Hutton, 32,——Mrs. Styles, wife of Mr. S. of the Royal Hotel.—Mrs. Hirons, 94.-—Mrs. W. Leay, wife of Wm. L. efq. of Liverpool, daughter of the late. James Yates, efq. of this town 36 —Mifs Mary Matthews, daughter of the late Mr. M. mofter of the free fchool, Sheet Lane.— Mr. Jobn Blews, 21.—Mr. John Hazeldine, formerly a refpeétable drawing-mafter, $6.— Mrs. Watton, 72- At Erdington, Mrs. Fidgeon, wife of Mr. Thos. F. merchant, ; At Harborne, Frederic, the infant fon of George Simcox, efq. At Rugby Mill, Mrs. Ruffell, wife of Mu. Jofeph R. of Lick Wollon, near War~ Mack's, side / DS 43si " Lwit Brades, Wem. Hunt, fg. 'y At. Warwick Mr. sRotert. Bruce.—Mirs. Parforsbsihiistis bis . elon Bsy) RT Ee o.At; Srratfordeiupon Aiyqnyibdnojalin Ro» Berehyies. ilediH cerM-—.dyesb. 101 to os Atl Coventry;:MwadMayy-g4ney Fu ol, At Ettinfal, Mrs. Whitehcuses danghrér “of thé date Mxi.Phts obiwiad, of. Lismilligham. eprAt n, Mrs. Ardenjiwife of Humphry A. efg. Stafford—Warwick—Shropshire. \ [Jan. 1, i SHROPSHIRE. | ; Married] At Bridgworth, Mr. Chapma of London, to Mifs Jemima Langford, young- eft daughter of Mr, John Lb. At Halefowen, Mr. T. Hill, of Dudley, to Mifs Powell, only daughter of Wm, P: efq. of High Ficlds, near the former piace. At Shrewsbury, Mr. Rogers, of the Caftle and Falcon, to Mrs. White. Mifs Shuller of Eyton, to Lieut. Arkin- ftall, of the Shropshire militia. Died.] At Ludlow, atan advanced age, that eccentric character, William Purflow, felf-titied efquire, well known to many per- fons, befides his neighbours, fur having fome years ago fo tamed two hedge-hogs as to make them perambulate the ftreets with him, in a degree of difcipline and fubjection which aftonithed the behoJders. In the early part of his life he was a foldier, and ferved: under ** the old Cock of the Rock” during its fiege by the Spaniards, His latter years have been chiefly fupported by the bounties of his opu- lent and benevolent neighbours. Though in the utmoft degree of penury and wretched- nefs, he would never fubmit to receive pa- rochial relief; and feveral years ago, he had faved feven pounds, which he depofited in cuftoéy of a friend, for the exprefs purpofe of defraying his funeral expences 5 that even his interment might not be chargeable tothe parith funds. Of this fum, three-fourths re- mained untouched at the day of his death. His form was athletic, his conftitution robuft, and his features difcovered a firm heroic fpi- rit. Had he been placed in more fortunate circumftances for the exhibition of that {pi- sit he would probably have been a hero of prominent merit. During feveral years paft, rheumatic lamenefs, occafioned and confirm- ed by his hard manner.of living, compelled him to hobble-to eternity upon crutches. In principles he was\ftri€@tly honcit; in manners, civil and inoffenfive, except when inebriated, as he tuo often was by the donations of tra- vellers and military oflicers ; on which occa- fions, he was frequently conveyed home in a fingle-wheeled chariot, to the no fmall amufemect of boys, and adults. Briefly, he was at heart a man of genuine integrity and independence of foul; and, fo far poor Pur- flow has left thoufands of furvivurs who are not his, equals, At Whitchurch, the Rev. Mr. Moliard. —-Mr. Green, 96.—Mrs. Wycherley, relict of Dan, W~ efq. (68. At Afton Reynold, Mrs. Sherrat. At Ofweftry, Mr. Evan Jones. (At. Shrewlburys Wir. didllis.—Mr. Raw- lias, fen. 50:—~Mr. Parkess—Mrs. Marriott. 40 Ato Redbrookj mear’) Whitchutchy Mrs, Leeyumothar of; Jofepbhs esgin7ge fl >, At Felson vBibtter, Mirai Prices ti yg) . -AniCardingtong: Mts.1. Mapp.) ol Ps 5 o Ag: {ProdeflnyOHsdl,. Mr. Wim, Jones.44 Lieutenant John Fallows, of.the North and Wet ShropihipetocaliMuitial x anya il WORCESTER~ 7, a9.¢0° 8 ‘ 1809.] WORCESTERSHIRE. Married) At Oldf{winford, Mr. Wm. Er- win, of Liverpool, to Mifs Ann Bates, of Stour bridge. The Rev. John Rawlins, of Cropthorne, to Mrs. Ofborne, of Elmley Caftle. At Evefham, Mr. Chattaway, of Alcefter, to MifS Doyle, of the White Hart Inn. Mr, Downes, druggift, of Worcefter, to Mifs Ann Robefon, youngeft daughter of the late Mr. R. of Droitwich. ‘Died ] At Henwich, Mr. John Hall, fen. At Bransford, Jofeph, eldeft fon of Mr. Themas Hardman: At Droitwich, Mr, James Priddey, €9. At Moreton Hall, near dia Mr. Lamb, At Elmley Rectory, Mr. Wm. Glaze, 37. At Norton, Mr, Philip Brewer, fen. 75. At Tenbury, Mrs. Hazley. At Bengeworth, Mrs: Clarke, yor. Her fifter died afew inonths fince, in her ggth year. At Evetham, Mr. Thos Suffield, jun. At Clifton upon Team, Mrs. Holland, 86. At the Hill, near Worcetter, i) James Hickman, 71. HEREFORDSHIRE. Married] At Brobury, Mr. Wm. Hey- wood, of Cannog, Radnorshire, to Mifs E. Cowdell, Died.] At Richard’s Caftle, the infant fon of the Rev. R. Hailifax. At Leominfter, the Rev. James Morris, B. A. fate of Baliol College, Oxford, young- eft fon of John M. efq. 23. At the Brodd meadows, near Hay, Mr. Thos. Brace, formerly of Fenchurch-ftreet, London, 89. At Trereddow, near Rofs, Mr. Thos, Wa- than, 19. At Rofs, Mr. John Clarke. At Credenhill, Mrs. Eckley, mother of J. E.. efq. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Married.} At Weston-upon-Avon, the Rev. John Lancaster, of Hinckley, to-Eliza, eldest daughter of Mr. J. Adkins, or Mil- cote. At Cirencester, Daniel Mills, esq. of Sut- grove, to Hester, second daughter of the late John Howse, esq of Winson. At Hawkesbury, Mr. Thomas Oldland, of Monk’s Mill, to Miss EB. Fox, of Hillsley. Died. | At Wick, near Berkeley, Mr. Wil- liam Beunett, a respectable farmer.. Mr. B. and two of his sons, whilst out in one of the adjoining ‘fields, during a thunder-storm, in the month of November, 1807, were struck down by the lightning, and one of the youths and a cow were killed onthe spot. Although the two survivors sustained but a momentary shock, neither of them has enjoyed such a good state of health as before the accident. At Painswick, the Rev. Henry Cay Adams. At Glocester, Mrs. Melsom, At Citéncester, on bis way to the Hotwells, Worcester— Hereford—Glocester—Oxford, Kc. 605 C, Gibbs,.esq. late an officer in the royal marines. At Dymock, Mr. John Jenkins. At Stroud, Mr. Danicl Bloxsome. At Butler's Court, near Cheltenham, Mr. Thomas Pearce. OXFORDSHIRE, The foliowing subjects are proposed at Ox- - ford for the Chancellor? 3 prizes, for the year ensuing, viz.-For Latin verses—§* Corinthusy” —For an English Essay-——‘* The dove of our country.” —~-The Vice-Chancellor has received a donation of 201. which will be given to the author of the best composition. ia English verse, on the following subject—‘* Sfobn. the Baptist.—The first and last of the above sub- jects are intended for those gentlemen of the University who have not exceeded four years from the time of their matriculation; and the others for such as have exceeded fours but net completed seven years. Married.| At Haddenham, near Thame, Mr. William Henry Clarsony schovlmaster, to Miss Gibson. At Watlington, Mr. Merry, of Bishops- gate-streety London, to Philippa, vein daughter of Joseph Churchill, esq. Died.] At Witney, Mrs. A. rR: ‘tates of Mr. L. solicitor. At Lidstowe, Mr. Johm Morris. At Middleton Stoney, Mrs. Traffordy wite of Mr. William T. At Oxford, Mr. William Dodd, many years a faithful servant of Exeter colleges At Adderbury, im his 54th year, Mr. Thee mas Woolston, upwards of twenty-nine years master of the reputable boarding school in that place. At his house at Benson, im the 73d-year of his age, Samuel Waring, ésq. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Married.| At Swanbourne, James Hamnil- ton,-esq. to Miss Harriet Wynne. Died. ] At Boveney, Jane, wife of Mon tague Grover, esq. AtSt Ives, Mrs. Greene, wife of Mr. G. attorney. At High Wycombe, Charles Ward, esq. alderman and twice mayor of that borough. —Mrs. Anne Whitchurch, sister of the late Richard W. esq. recorser of that borough, and the last or that very ancient family for centuries resident at Munsford, in the parish of Chalfont, St. Peters.—Mrs. Mayne. At Aylesbury, Mr. James, attorney, 35. | _. HERTFORDSHIRE. Married. } At North Mimms, JohnVernon, esq. of the 92d Light Dragoons, to Miss Iili- zabeth Casamajor, second daughter of Susti- nian, C. esq. of Potterell. j “ At. Tosteridge, John Ede, esq. of King’s Arms Yard, Coleman-street,. London, to Miss Fiott, eldest daughter of the late John F. esq Dina. ] At Hitchen, Mr. Joseph Halstead, upwards of thirty years clerk to W. Wil- shire, — “606 shire, an eminent couveyiticer of that place, 60.—Mrs. Margaret Allbury, 78. At St. Alban’s, Robert Hodgson, esq. 67. BEDFORDSHIRE. Married.| At Bedford, Mr. Porter, of Saf- fron Walden, Essex, to Mrs. Palmer. Died.] At Silsge, Joseph Pawsey, esq. 64. ‘NORTHAMPTONSHIRE . The intended line of the Grand Union Ca- ial, to unite with the Grand Junction, is “abandoned, for one of a shorter extent by seven miles, which wiil join the Oxford canal at Braunston. The very recent dis- covery of so great a saving of space will pre- vent the intended application to parliament in the ensuing session; nevertheless, there isa probability of an early completion, and a very increased value to the proprietors, as the money already subscribed is expected to prove sufficient for the completion of the new line. The Northamptonshire and Leicestershire Union Canal Property will be much improved by the plan now adopted, shares having sold from 391. to 401 ; and from the certainty of the progress of the new line, the estimation of the Old Union Canal Shares may be very speedily expected to advance at least to their original value. Married.) At Bugbrook, Mr. Glover, to Miss Sheppard, both of Daventry. At Floorey Mr. Wm. Rodais, to Miss Su- Sannah Roddis.—Mr, Edward Flowers, to Miss ollete, At Northampton, Mr. Linney, of London, to Miss Johnson, eldest daughter of the late Rev. Mr. J. dissenting minister. Died.} At Thorpe Abchurch, Mr. Priestley. At Little Everdon, Mr. John Goodman, 27. At Holdenby} Mrs. Wright, wife of Mr. ohn W. 75, - At Tiffield, Mr. Wm. Plowman, 84. HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Married.| At St. Neats, Mr. James Swep- son, to Miss Sarah Leonard, of New Inn, Beds. _ Died.] At Huntingdon, Mr. Reynolds, of the Dolphin Inn. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Married.] At Newton, Isle of Ely, Mr. Robert West, to Miss Sarah Ream. ~ At Wisbech, Mr. Johnson Elsey, to Miss Walton, of Friday Bridge, in the parish of Elta. Died.| At Cambridge, Mr. John Jones, master of the Dog and Duck public-house.— Mrs. Cocher, relict of Mr. John C. At Chatteris, Mrs. Sewell, wife of Mr. John s. i Wm. NORFOLK. Married. At North Yarmouth, Captain Bradby, of his Majesty’s ship Calypso, to Miss Catherine Douglas, second daughter of Admiral D. commander in chief at Yar- mouth. C. J. Clifton, esq. of Trinity-hall, Cam- bridge, to Miss Catherine TAY ANOES eldest ; Bedford—Northampton—Huntingdon, Ke. (Jan. 1, daughter of the Rev. Charles M. rector of Garboldisham, in this county. At Hopton, James Turner, esq. of Yar- mouth, to Miss Sayers. Died.] At North Elmham, Wm, Cham- bers, gent. 80. At Wymondham, Mr. Robert Bush, 64. At Honingham, Mrs. Goodear, wife of or. James G. of the Half Moon, West Smith- held, 21. At Thorpe, Mr. Benjamin Brinded, 22. At Holt, Mr. Isaac Strange, 76, At Yarmouth, Robert Johnson, esq. sur- geon of his Majesty’s ship Monarch, 24, / SUFFOLK, Ata numerous meeting of gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood of Ipswich, held at the Town hall, for the purpose of consider-" ing of a plan for cheetidg a Suite of Public Rooms in that town, a large subscription for shares of 501. each was immediately entered into, and a committee appointed to forward the object of the meeting. Married] At Eye, the Rev. R. Rolfe, of Sahen Toney, Norfolk, to Miss Rose, only daughter of John R. esq. Mr. S. Harwood, jun. of Belstead Hall, to Miss Corsbie, daughter of Joseph C. esq. of Stanton. At Gazeley, Beijhinty Cornell, gent. of Barrow, to Miss Ann Cornell, daughter of Wm. C. gent. of Needham-street. At Stonham Aspal, Captain Gore Browne, of the Royal Artillery, to Miss Eliza Theed. —J. Turner, esq. banker, of Halesworth, to Miss Mary Ann Sayers, second daughter of J. S. esq. of Hopton. At Ipswich, Capt. Mitcham, of the 24th regiment, to Miss Coote, daughter of the late Capt. C. Died.] At Newmarket, Mr. Jolin Hilton, - many years judge of the course at Newmar- Ket, Epsom, and Bibury, and‘publisher of the Race Lists at the former place. He was greatly and justly esteemed by all ranks on theturf, being a man of inoffensive manners and stricf integrity.’ ; At Fpswich, Miss Forsett, who wasa con- siderable Jegatee under the will of the late Lord Chedworth. ’ ‘At Yoxford, Mr. John Smith, 62. ‘ At Faraiten St. Mary; near Bury, Mr, John Last. At Stradbrook, Mr. Simon Borrett, sen. 75, At Beccles, in the TAs if of his age, Henry Alexander, esq. who formerly com: manded the forces of the Nabob of Arcot. By his military skill and daring courage, he early raised himself to rank and affluence ; and by his strict integrity through life, he deservedly obtained the respect of all who knew him. ESSEX. Marricd.] At Leyton, the Rev. E. Repti; to Mary Ellis, eldest daughter of the Hon. Joseph Herbert, president of his Majesty’s Council of the island of Montserrat. . At 2 / 1809.] Kent—Surry—Sussexr—Hants—W ils—Berks, &c. 60% At Halsted, Mr. Joseph Peckover, of the Bank, Colchester, to Miss Greenwood, daugh- ter of the late Mr. Thomas G. Died.] At Chelmsford, Mrs. Straight. * At Colchester, Mrs. Matthewman. At Nelmes, near Hornchurch, Richard Newman Harding Newman, esq. He was in “the commission of the peace for the county, and joined to the inflexible integrity of the magistrate, the best qualifications that can adorn the gentleman and the philanthropist. At Writtle, Mr. John Bond, 21. At Bloys Farm, Steeple Bumstead, Mrs. Rist. _ KENT. Married} At Tunbridge-Wells, Thomas Jenkinson, esq. of Margaret-street, Caven- aish-square, London, to Miss Eliza Guiliiod, of Bond-street. At Strood, Mr. T. Holding, of the Cape of Good Hope, to Miss Maria Eason, eldest daughter of E. esq. of the royal navy. J. Sladen, esq. of Ripple Court, to Ethel- dred, eldest daughter of Kingsman St. Barbe, es Died. At Park House, Maidstone, the residence of Stewart Erskine, esq. his brother in law, Captain Thomas Reed, of his Majes- ty’s 33d regiment of foot, an officer of merit, and universally esteemed. SURRY. Marvitd.] At Ewell, Henry Bridges. esq. to Miss Dalrymple, daughter of Colonel D, late of the quéen’s regiment of foot. At Richmond, Mr. Thomas Perrin, jun. of Bristol, to Miss Crapping, daughter of Mi- chael C. esq. of Kennington. | Died.] At Hallgrove, Henrietta, youngest daughter of Ralph Leycester, jun. esq. At Chertsey, Mrs. Dundas, relict of Mr, D surgeon. At Milton Place, the seat of her father, of adeep decline, the lovely, amiable, ‘and ac- complished, Miss Priscilla Wyatt, youngest daughter of Richard Wyatt, esq. SUSSEX. Married.) At Lewes, Mr. Ellman, to Miss Whiteman, of Keymer. © At Angmering, John Holmwood, esq. son of Captain H. to Miss Leah Hopkins, daugh- - ter of Joseph H, late ofp L-cominsttr Lodge, near Arundel. Died.] At Battle barracks, Lieutenant and Assistant-Surgeon Allen, of the Northum- berland mifitgg. » .. At Alfriston, Mr. John Kidd. At Brighton, John Parker, esq. of Mus- well-hill. HAMPSHIRE. . Bellevue, the late domain of Josias Jackson, €sq- representative in parliament for South- ' ampton, is intended, in the ensuing spring, to undergo great alterations. The lawn, which commands the most picturesque and beautiful scenery of the banks of the river Itchen and Southampton Water, is to be sold-out in large css for building a crescent, and will, rom its situation, afford an advantageous spe- culation, particularly to those who look for- ward to the value of land in that neighbour- hood on the return of peace. The superfluous buildings adjomning the mansion house are to be taken down, so as to make it a compact residence for any gentleman of moderate for- tune; and the-intended improvements, when completed, will be highly ornamental to the environs of the town. Married.| At Guernsey, "he Hon. Wil- loyghby Bertie, of the royal navy, to ‘Miss Catharine Jane Sanders, who, as “iss Fisher, of the Plymouth theatre, so often afforded high gratification to the public. Died.] At Cowes, Isle of Wight, Richard Sykes, esq. only surviving brother of Sir Francis Sykes, bart. M P. for Wallingford. ~ At Winchester, T. Scott, esq. late of the island of Tobago, 25. . WILTSHIRE a Married.| At Siend, Mr. J. Shoare, of Bradford, to Miss Eliz. Redman, Second daughter of Mr. R. of Siend Park. At Salisoury, Mr. Joseph Bradby, jun. of Milford, to Miss Ann Young. Died ] At Chippenham, only ten weeks after ber marriage, Mrs. Woodrofe, wife of Mr. W. of Chippenham. At Laycock, Mr. Richard Spencer, BERKSHIRE. Married.] At Newberry, James Purcell, esq. of Kilcoleman, Ireland, to Miss Ellen Williamson, eldest daughter of Usher W. esq, of Dromore, Cork. AtHurley, J. Terveira, esa. of Oporto, to Miss Troughton, daughter of R. T. esq. of Lady -place. Died.] At Hareheath, near Reading, Mrs. May, 81. Out of a considerable property which she has let behind her, she has be- queathed the large sum of 15,0001. to chari- table purposes, and the remainder of her for- tune to numerous relations, SOMERSETSHIRE. Married.| At Bato, Henry Ashe, esq. _ late captain in tae 16th regiment, to Miss Elizabeth S, Williams, eldest daughter of the late Rev. John W, vicar of Abergavenny.— Thomas Skurry, esq. of Becklington, to Miss Anne Collins, of Norton St. Philips. Died.| At Cliften, Mrs. Harriet Manners, grand-daughter of the late Lord Robert’Sut- ton, 26. At Bristol, Maria, daughter of Evan Bai- lie, esq. 22.—Aged 53, Mrs. Ann Coryn- don, elsest sister of Mr. ‘Thomas Sargeant, of Southampton. , DORSETSHIRE, Married.] At Weymouth, Mr. Charles Hare, of Bristol, to Muss Bowles, eldest daughter of the late Rev. Mr. B. vicar of Bradford, Wilts. Died.| At Waymouth, whither he went for the benefit of his health, the Rev. James Ogilvie, D.D, one of his Majesty’s cnaplains. Those to whom the real worth of this zentie« man’s character was known, will long lae meat his loss, and cherish the remembrance of his 608 his piety, wisdom, and true christian charity. The doctrine he taught by precept, and prac- tice, was mild, gentle, and persuasive; as far removed from bigotry and superstition, as from the pernicious principles of modern phi- losophy 5 which he always zealously reprobat- ed as deadly poison tothe mind. The pure religion of the gospel, which he professed, was asa lamp to his teet, through all the vicis- situdes of life ; his sure hope, and consola- tion, in the hour of death; and now, un- doubtedly, the crown of his rejoicing his benevolence was universal; his charity un- ostentatious ; often extended by an abridg- ment of his own personal comforts 5 and fell silently, as the dews of evening. These higher endowments of soul, were accompa- nied by an excellent, well cultivated under- standing, and the most distinguished courtesy of manners, He was brother tothe Rev. Dr. John Ogilvie of Aberdeen, the effusions of whose classic pen, are too well known to the amateurs of poetry, to need any eulo- gium. DEVONSHIRE. Married.] At Shobrooke, John Serving ton Savery, esq. of Yenn, to Miss Ley, daugh- ter of the Rev. Thomas L. F Died.| Captain Balderston, of the Par- thian sloop of war. He was murdered on board that vessel when getting under weigh from Plymouth for Corunna. He was a na- tive of Dover, in his 29th year, and univers sally esteemed. JamesSmith, the master’s- mate, by whose hand he fell, is son of a British planter, resident at Santa Cruz. CORNWALLe Married.] At St. Columb, Mr. Williams, fo Miss Mary Nicholls.—Mr. Ball of Meva- gissey, to Miss Sophia Warne, daughter of Mr. Henry W. ss Died.} At Redruth, in his 71st year, cap- tain Paul Penrose, who was considered one of the best miners. At St. Ives, Mrs. Menly Stevens, a mai- den lady of Trowen, 68. . Monthly Commercial Report. + vee DEATH ARROAD. ‘ At Mymunsing, an eastern district of Ben- gal, on the 28th of April, in the 25th year of his age, Henry Townley Roherdeau, esq. register of that zillah, upon the honourable Company’s civil establishment. He was the son of Mr, Roberdeau, tormerly of Kenning~ ton, and nephew of the late Alderman Le Mesurier. He was a young gentleman of distinguished and most promising literary at- tainivents, and had attracted fuyourable no- tice in India for his poetical talenis. Emi- nently qualified by study, judgment, and assi- duity in the judicial line of the Company’s government, he had risen in rank at the ear- liest possible period; and was, for his supe- riorly-meritorious conduct, on the eve of be- ing farther rewarded by a promotion which would have effected his return to England with a liberal fortunes at a very early age. Inured to the climate from before his six. teenth year, he had been blessed with pertect health-until attacked by. the fatal fever, which in ten days terminated the fairest pro- spect, and the fullest nope, ever fostered by success and merit! His private virtues were fully consonant to his more public traits of character, To a suavity of manners, and a condescending urbanity not to be exceeded, he united the strongest filial affection and fra- ternal kindness, which were evinced by an almost-fatberly protecting attention to. his two younger brothers (both upon the Com- pany’s Bengal establishment), the elder of whom being officially stationed with him, had the mournful satisfaction of performing towards him the last duties of mortality, His afflicted relatives in England (who par- took of munificent tokens of his regard) caa only alleviace their deep-felt sorrow for his untimély loss, by the indelible and soothiag remembrance of his many virtues ; and with the full and most heart-reviving persuasion, that for so much excellence *¢ There is ano~ ther and a better world.” MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. THE following importation of Cotton-wool into the. Port of last ten days, will fhew how our manufacturers in Lancashire muft be employed in the various branches of spinning and weaving it, and not asingle pound of it is exported out of the United Kingdom, viz. Imported from the Brazils.....sseeeeeereeceeeeess 167,600Ibs, Jamaica s.sseceeeseets 12,000 Demerara oo ste eisre ea deids vee’ 10,000 Gibraltar es nb Ved bifes dente cert, HLS BOO : Malta 06 Joie ce belewens ee 73,712 ™ St, VaTigent’ss'. 6 S'S th oq elitr sd »s 10,000 Burbic€ ss. s tier de eve tdeweees 8,688 Lisbon ereceeeeeeecwecsserree 88,860 Madeira «+++ eeereerceeseee-eee 10,000 : 532,860lbs. wt. [Jan ndon alone, within the 1809.] Monthly Commercial Report. _ 609 The prices of Cotton-wool keeps pretty steady from 2s- to 33. 1d. per Ib. according te quality, and the demand brisk ‘at those prices; considerable purchases have been latel made at Liverpool and London markets, and the manufacture of the article goes on rapidly at Manchester, and in its neighbourheod, for South America aud our West-Indiz colge nies. ‘ All kinds of Russian produce continue very scarce and dear, particularly Hemp, Flary Tallow, &c. The Jatter article it is expected will lower considerably, as large quantities are expected from Ireland, the slaughtering of cattle, for exportation, being now in that country. : : British Bar-iron makes a good substitute for that of Russia, and as the latter sort advances in price, so does it encourage the home manufacture, which is already brought to the highest perfection, and meets a ready sale. My, No less than 6000 cwt. of Coifee has been imported into London from the Weft Indies, within the last eight days, and prices have advanced in consequence of the great con- sumption of this article since the reduction of the Custems and excise on it. ‘The following’ statement shows the comparative quantities taken out of the warehouses for home consump- tion forsome years past, viz. Duty paid on British Plantation Coffee in 1804........ 1,994 cwt. 4 epallaea nd 1,727 ‘ PWG cat al 2 onal 2,664 THO? cok eon 2,317 to the 30th of November, 1808.....-.. 6,759 5 Since the Americans laid an embargo on their ships, Tobacco has advanced full 10d. per lb. and within a few days past 235,800lbs. have been imported into London from Vir- ginia, and at Liverpool the import of it far exceeds that of the metropolis. We cannot expect 2 reduction of price to take place until the embargo is taken off. All the produce of our West-India colonies keep steady, and at favourable prices for the Planters and West-India Merchants, and Rum has risen to 7s. per galion tor Jamaica, and 5s, 4d. for strong Leeward Liland. , Wines of. Portugal are in great demand 5 and should it unfortunately happen that that country fall into che hands.of the French, there is little doubt that a cunsiderable advance’ will take place, particularly as the vineyards must be neglected in the ensuing spring. » We therefore recoumend our friends in the wine trade to purchase as soon as possivle; The wines of Spain, as Sherry, Mountain, Tent, &c. are likewile at this time objects © of fafe {peculation, " We are happy to state that the manufactures of Manchester and Birmingham are at this time in the most flourishing state; and confiderable orders for their produce have been’ received in town from Rio, and other parts of Spanish America. The Linen Market in Ireland has been brisk, and good prices obtained ; coarse goods” have advanced from id. to 13d. per yard, and the very fine sorts nearly 3d. per yard. Tn Scotland, not a weaver is unemployed, and large orders are executing ‘at Glasgow, Paisley, &c. COURSE OF EXCHANGE. Dec. 6. ) Dec. 9. | Dec. 13. Prices of Hops. Hamburgh..|52 4 -.-./52 4 ..|52 4 --[Lags.—Kent, Sl, 10s to 41, 16s, per cwt. Altona .. .{/32 5....132 5..)32 5 ..]——- Sussex, 31. to 41. 6s. per. cwt Amsterdam {33 10 ....|33 10 ..j53 10 Essex, 2. 16s. to 4]. 48. per cwt. Paris......}22 8 ....]22 8 ../22 8 ..|Pockets,—Kent, Sl. 14s. to 5). 10s, per owt. Le) Ne Ie sg More fo a Sussex, 31. 6s. to4l. 183, per owt. POON SAO see FAB Rae | isles Farn, Sl. to 41. 6s. per ewe. Geriod 5 HSUSO NS Bison's. 169" se. Oporto. ..../692 22.26. Dublin’ ...0} 8% 2.5.6. peor 5B. 8 {UIE 15 7. es BONS. a aia aes Cea af «s+. /69 ....] The average price of Raw Sugar; ending’ 692 ..../692 ....|7th of December, 1808, is 21.145/9d, perowt- BA .....} 82 .... exclusive of duties QD -seee' QD ....] New Dollarsy’5s. 4d4. per ounce, The following are the average Prices of Navigable Canal Shares, Dock Stock, Fire Office Shares, &c. in December, 1808, at the Ottice of Mr. Scott, No 28, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London :—The Neath Canal, in Glamorganthire, 130]. to 1341, dividing 151. per share, per annum, nett.—The Swanfea Canal, 851. each, the last dividend was 5]. pet annum, nett —Grand Junction, 1251. to 146l. ex-dividend of 2l. for the last half-year— Ditto Bunds of 50], each, at 43, bearing interest at 51. per cent.—Ellesmere Canal, 551.—. _ Kennet and Avon, 201. shares, at 3l. 108. premium.—Wilts and Berks, 281. each.—- Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 21!.—West India Dock Stock, 1661. per cent. dividing 101, per cent, nett per annum.--London Dock Stock, 120), 10s. percent. dividing 64 nett per annum... BUS Arh MONTHLY, oa! hl byon: Y Baud ; ——~-- - ; MONTHLY BOTANICAL REPORT. pi warts E never break up our number of the Botanical Magazine for the fyftematic arrangement ; of the plates, without deriving confiderable pleafure from eacli addition wé make to” the elegant feries of Irides, Ixie, and other Enfat#, that form Mr. Gawler’s department’ of this work Nor are we lets gratified by this gentleman’s text which, upon the whole,’ befpeaks a botanift intimately acquainted with and beftowing infinite pains on the eluci- ‘ dation of that ditlicult tribe of plants. We muft, however, confefs that our pleafure, and undoubtedly alfo the value of his contributions, are much impaired by the garb in which moft of his obfervations are dreffed and prefented to the reader. It is really rather impo- litic in any writer who wifhes to be generally read and underftood, to {purn at old-efta- blithed rules, and to neglect ftyle, and the proper mode of conveying ideas, in fuch a wianner as we fee it done by Mr. Gawler: witnels the /pecifie differences of the plants he defcribes and the licentioulnefs with which he manages his Latinity. If we complain of the unreafonable length of his orationes fpecifice, (for, as we have before obferved, many of them comprize all figures of {peech,’ not to mention the frequent epifodes introduced ‘anto them,) we do not with, with regard to the number of words that compofe the {pecific differeuces, to fee the old Linnean-ftatute revived, by which they were “ licenfed to carry not exceeding twelve.” The neceffity for this Iaconifm, which could but feldom prove fatisfattory to the ftudent, was fet afide by the tubfequent happy introduction of the trivial names of plants. And who would not blefs the memory of their immortal inventer, each time he is alarmed by Mr. Gawler’s luxuriant fpecific phrafes, which, if they fhall deferve ° this name, and be fit for a place in the fyftem, require to be judicially pruned? Now,’as this gentleman certainly knows how to ufe the pruning knife better than moft others, it is to be regretted that he fhould leave the tafk to others. Similar redundancies are indeed found in the fpecific characters of fome other (efpecially in thofe of fome celebrated French) botanifts, and Mr. G.-may urge thofe as precedents: but it is very doubtful whether he can find fuch an excufe for the Latin he produces. His expreffions and conftructions are not only here and there deficient in elegance or grammatical correctnets, but they are alfo otten obfcure and ambiguous; and his principal delight appears to confift in the” framing and introducing new words péculiar to himfelf, without confidering that there are old wen like ourfelves, who as ftubbornly refufe to unlearn what has coft them fo much Jabour and paius, and to make themfelves matters of a macaranica Jatinitas, as they would to renounce their full-bottomed wigs and broad-fkirted coats for the unclaflical coftume of # Bond-ftreet lounger of the prefent day * We are unwilling to get by heart adverbs like fubrepenter et prorepenter, afjurgenter, conduplicanter, pellucenter, ambienter, bianter, ancipiter, equitanter, or bilamellatim, Jubbilabiatim, angulatim, perarcuatim, flabellatim, &c. Nor can we more than guefs at the meaning of words like craticulatim-rimojxs, coriaceo-lentus, cuticulato-' confervens, filamenta confleGentia, femina SEMEL ficco-baccata, &c. not to mention many gram- matical blunders, fuch as the ill ufe which is continually made of the intenfive particle per united to the comparative degree, as foliis perbrevioribus, &c. &c. We have been always ready to acknowledge that writer’s critical acumen and talent for obferving, in the fame manner we are unwilling to defraud him of the praife which may be due to him for occafionally hitting upon words at once expreflive and corre&: tremulo-incumbens, for in- tance, is a happy manner of denoting a fituation of the anther, which is but imperfectly expreffed by verfatilis, &c. ; The Enfata in the three Jaft numbers before us are, Scilla Hyacinthoides, one of thofe bulbous plants that are of particular fhynefs in producing flowers. It is really a fubject worth the attention of a good obferver to inveftigate both the remote and proximate caufes of this fterility: the latter is probably a kind of plethora, of thefame kind with that which not feldom prevents the perfecting of feeds, and which may be artificially removed by fe- parating the ftalk of the plant from its root, and fufpending it in a dry fhady place, in which fituation the fuperabundant fupply of juices being cut off, the feeds are brought to. maturity.—-Allium Schoenoprajum B: the diiference iubfitting between the varieties major and minor is fo Dight, that we tuppofe Mr. G. «will, not devote a figure to the latter: that of major before us, is very charatterittic, and will ferve for the illaftration of both. Alliam tataricum is here tated to be the wmbellatum of Haller and the ramojum of Linmeus. Inthe Addenda to this letter-prefs we are informed that A. inodorum, Gawl, is A. fragans of Ven- tenat:¢ both thefe botaniits were led to their names by the abfence of the garlick like. f{mell, which heightened into fragrance what tittle fmell the flower is pofleffed of —Allium magicum: the confufion and contradictions caufed by Linneus’s blending the two fpecies. nigrum and magicum are here very ably fettled: the fame may be faid of the two next fpe-! cies, Alliam angulofum and fenefcens 5 the diftinguifhing chara¢ters of which are given with great precifion.—Anigofeathus favida. ‘The hexandrous genus to whicli this plant belongsy; is a native of New Holland, and eftablifhed by Labillardiere : the large drooping green: flowers externally covered with vifcid glandulous hairs (flocculofim hirjuta as we find it termed) here) ate very charatteriftic. The firft fpecies defcribed by thé French botanitt is rufayl which at firft'view refembles the prefent, from which, however, according to Mr. Brown, - = = ar st : ere “sawn we Pre ears) Br) es yeh * Pomponius Marcellus faid to Tiberius: Tu Casar civitatem dare hominibus potes, werbig non. potes And what right can any one pretend ‘to have to do fo > } A t We lament to fee the death of this induftrious and ufeful botanift announced in the . French papers, which. “ 1809.) Monthly Botanical Report. Gil who difcovered it on hjs interefting circumnavigation of New Holland on the weftern coaft, it is perfeCtly diftinét.Mid blue to gild the blushing steep, He trac’d o’er youder margent green The curling cloud of fragrance sweep. Oft did he pause, the lark to hear, With speckled wing, the skies explore 5 Oft paus’d to see the slow flock near 5 But ke shall hear and see no more. Then, stranger, be his foibles lost, At such small foibles Virtue smil’d, Few was their number, large their cost, For he was Nature’s orphan-child. The graceful drop of pity spare, ‘(To him the bright drop once belong’d,) Well, well his doom deserves thy care; ~Much, much he suffer’d,much was wrong’d. When taught by life its pangs to know, Afr! as thou roam’st the checker’d gloom, Bid the sweet night-bird’s numbers flow, -And the last sunbeam light his tomb.” “ The Siller Gun, a Poem, in four Can- tos: with Notes and a Glossary :” by Mr, Mayne; 15 the last work of poetry we shall mention; founded on an ancient custom in Dumfries, called “ Shoeting for the Siller Gun.” ‘This royal prize, which is a small tube of silver, like the barrel of a pistol, is originally said to have been the gift of Janies VI. to the best marksman among the corporations of the town. The Poem has considerable " spirit, and maintains the credit of its in- genious author. + 1® 633 PHILOLOGY. By far the most important work which we have to mention in this class, will be found in the “ Grammar of the Sanscrita Language,” by Mr. Witkuns. Iiaving, in the opening of the Preface, enlarged on the pleasures and advantages” to be derived from an acquaintance with this extraordinary language, the author judiciously thinks it may not be‘uninte- resting to the student to be informed of the manner in which his treatise has been compiled, and what have been the sources whence it has been drawn. “¢ About the year 1778, (he says) my curiosity was excited by the example of my friend, Mr. Halhed, to commence the study of the Sanskrit. I was so fortu- nate as to find a Pandit of a liberal mind,, sufficiently learned to assist me in the pursuit; but as at that'time (and indeed not till very lately) there did not exist, in any language [ understood, any elemen- tary works, I was compelled to form such for myself as I proceeded, till, with the assistance of my master, I was able to make extracts, and at length entire trans- lations of grammars, wholly composed in the idiom I was studying. I put into English, sufficiently intetligible to myself, the greatest part of three very popular grammars; namely, the Saraswatr- prakriyd of Anubhiti-swarupa charya, the Mugdha-bidha of Vipa-déwa, and the Ratra-ma@ la of Purusho ttama. These extracts and translations I brought with me to England, together with their origi- nals, and several other eminent gram- mars; among which were the celebrated Sutras of Pi ntni,the Siddhinta-kaumadi of Bhattoji-d: kshita, and the Siddha nta- . chandrika of Ramachandrdsrama, with several useful commentaries, all of which have been either used or consulted in this compilation. “« At the commencement of the year 1795, residing in the country, and hay- ing much leisure, [ began to arrange my materials, and prepare them tor publica- tion. I cut Jetters in steel, made ma- trices and moulds, and cast from thema fount of types of the Déva-nd@gari cha racter, all with my own hands; and with the assistance of such mechanies as # country village could afford, [ very spee~ dily prepared all the other implements of printing in my own dwelling-house; for by thesecond of May, the same year, [ had taken proofs of sixteen pages, difer ing but little from those now exhibited in the first two sheets, ‘Lill two o’clock on that 634 that day, every thing had succeeded to my expectations; when, alas! the pre- mises were discovered to he in flames, which spreading too rapidly to be extin- guished, the whole building was presentl burnt to the ground. In the midst of this misfortune I happily saved all my ‘books and manuscripts, and the greatest part of the punches and matrices; but’ the types themselves, having been thrown out, and scattered over the lawn, were either lost, or rendered useless. “ As one accident is often fullowed by another, so it was with me; and so many untoward circumstances, unnecessary to relate, succeeded each other to prevent my resuming the prosecution of this work, that at last I resolved to give up wl thoughts of it. But, within these two years, the establishment of the East In- dia College at Hertford, by the wise po- liey of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, induced me to change my mind. ‘The stady of the Oriental Janguages was one of the principal objects of this munificent institution, and that of the Sanskrit a desideratum. But as there was not any grammar of this to be procured, I was called upon, and highly encouraged, to bring forward that which J had been so many years preparing. I accordingly had other letters cast from iny matrices, and sent immediately to press ; from which it now issues, not the worse I hope for the delay.” It is not improbable that some readers may be at first surprised that a Sanskri'ta Grammar should occupy no less than six hundred and sixty-two quarto pages: but that surprise will probably be lessened when they are told, that there does not exist even a vocabulary in any European language to which reference can be made for thé explanation of a word: and those which are to be found in the original Sanskrit, are left exceedingly defective, ufideé the presumption that the student is of course already acquainted with com- mon terms, and.can of himself form ab- stract nouns, derivatives. and compounds, according to the rules of grammar. The lists of roots and particles, and the great- est pat of the chapters Gn etymology, which swell the present work, might, of course, be spared in future editions, should a General Dictionary appear in the intervening time, comprising every species of words. Another of the more valuable works in this class will be found in “ The Etymo- logical Dictionary of the Scottish Lan. guage,” by Dr. JAMirzsoy. Prefixed to Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Philology. it isa Dissertation on the origin of the Scottish Language, in which the idea that the language spoken in the Low-lands of Scotland.is merely a cozrupt dialect of the Anglo-Saxon, seems successfully re-, futed. In one respect Dr. Jamieson’s plan appears better executed even thar that of our own great Lexicographer; in as much as every extract from an author's work is accompanied by its exact refe- rence. We shall select two or three short specimens of the work for the en- tertainment of our readers : “© To BRUIK, BRUKE, BROOK, Vv, a t@ enjoy, to possess. The fates deny us this propine, Because we flaithfu’ are 5 An they ken best fa’s fit to druik Achilles’ doughty gear. Poems in the Buchan dialect, p, 14... When one is on a familiar footing'with another, if the latter has got any new dress, it is common to say to him, Wert bruik your new, i.e. May you have health to wear it; S. —— The case sae hard is Amang the writers and the Bardies, That lang they'll brook the aulg I trow, Or neighbour's cry, ** Weel brook the new !* Fergusson’s Poems, ii. 89. There is no evidence that E. brook, is used in this sense, signifying only to beax, , to endure. : : Bruik is allied to A. S, bruc-an, Frane, , gebruchen, Su, G. Isl. bruk-a, . Belg. bruyck-en, Germ. brauch-en, to use; Moes. G. unbruckja, useless. Mr. Mac- pherson refers also to Lat. fruct-us, en- Joying, enjoyment, fruit. “ Merry-pancers, s. pl. A name, givento the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, S, ‘In the Shetland islands, the merry- dancers, as they are there called, are the, constant attendants of clear evenings, and prove great reliefs amidst the gloom of: the Jong winter nights.’ Eyeycl, Britt. vo. Aurora Borealis. These lights had appeared much less frequently in former times than in ours, and were viewed as pertentous. The first instance mentioned by Dr, Halley, is that which occurred in England, A, 1560, when what were called burnin speurs, were secn in the atmosphere.— Baddam’s Mem. Royal Soc. vi. 209. ° Phil. Trans. N. 347. , Thev are mentioned by Wyntrion, as appearing S, m a very early period: Sevyn hundyr wynter and fourty And fyva to rekyn fullyly, Slernys Retrospect of Domestic Literatwre—Drama. Sternys inthe ayre flean’d Was sene, as fawys of fire brynnand, The fyrst nycht of Januere, All that nycht owre schynand clere, Cron. vi. 1. 75. “ Their Su. G. name, nordsken, norr- sken, corresponds to that of norihern lights, q. north shine. “« ScowmaR, s. A scowmar of the se, a pirate, a corsair. Thai had bene in grat perell ther; No wat [a] scozumar of the se, Thomas of Downe hattyn was he, Hard that the ost sa straytly than Was stad; and salyt wp the Ban, Quhill he come wele ner quhar thai lay. ; Barbour, xiv. 375. MS. “ Bele. zee-schuymer, a sea-vover; Tr. escumeur de mer, itl. from escumer, to skim, whence the phrase, escumer des mers, to scour or infest the seas. “Tn the laws of the Lombards,and wri- tings of the middle age, robbers are often denominated Scamart, scamares, Scama- tores; whence Fr. escamott-er, to steal, Ipse quantocius Istri fluenta preter- ‘means latrones properanter insequitur, quos vulgus Scamares appellabat. Eugip- pius, in Vita S. Severini, cap. 10. Et plerisque ab actoribus, Scamarisque et la- tronibus undique collectis, &c. Jornan- des de Reb. Getic. c. 58. V. Du Cane. These terms Ihre views as from the saine origin with Su. G. skam, diabolus, caco- demon, Is]. shteman, maletactor. I sus- pect, however, that scowmar, although nearly allied in sense, has no etymological affinity.” That a critical reader may here and there-discover a fault,in awork of such ex- “tensive reference, will not be wondered at. We might ourselves, perhaps, ob- ject to the admission of such a word as OMNEGATHERVM. But, upon the whole, jt will be found that Dr. Jamieson has published a dictionary which will prove a standard work, A few articles occur inan extended form, containing several very valuable disquisitions. See particu- larly under MAIL, PaxS EGGS, POWIN, suw, (a military engine), scuL, and YULE,. A work of some interest will likewise be found in “ The Grammar of the Gaelic Lunguage,” the introduction to which, dated Charleville, August 8, is signed E.O'C. vis divited into five'parts :— 1, of pronunciation and orthography ; 2, of the parts of speech; 8, of syntax ; 4, af prosody; and, 5, of contractions and ogham ; followed at the end of veca- bulary. 635 M. Lenorr’s “ Logographic Emblema- tical French Spelling Book” has reached a third edition, Its utility is so far known that we think the certificates of different persons whose children have been bene- fited by it in a comparatively small num= ber of lessons, if they were ever neces sary, are new peculiarly needless. : In the month of December 1807, Mr. Boorn, published “ A Prospectus of an Analytical Dictionary of the English Lan- guage.” In announcing which, it was- proposed toa arrange the vocables into classes ; beginning with its compounds, Circumstances having hitherto retarded the dictionary, and rendered the period of its appearance uncertain, Mr. Booth offers the introduction. Having a sepa- rate title, he says, it may be considered either as an independent work, or as an advanced part of that of which it is the harbinger. Its principal ebject is to avoid the repetitions, which would oc- cur in a dictionary, by the explanation of all the prefixes, affixes, and common endings of compounded words. Herealso we have to mention “ Latium Redivivum ; or a Treatise on the Modern Use of thé Latin Language, and the Pre- valence of the French. To whichis added, _@ Specimen of the Latin Language accom. modated to modern Use;” by Mr. SryeR, in which much will be found that is cu- rious and interesting, as. well as much that wants qualification. We fear ne great advantage would be found to arise from the encouragement of Latifj@onver- sation in our schools. Mr. Sej@'s own Latin is extremely good. Mr. Grant’s“ Institutes of Latin Gram- mar,” is both a learned and elaborate work, though perhaps too extensive for, an initiatory treatise: we shall give a fuller notice of it in another Retrospect, Last, though not altogether of the slightest conscquence, we mention the second volume of Mr. f. B. Gricurist’s ‘ British Indian Monitor.” A work highly creditable to the talents of its author. DRAMA. In regard to the more serious produc- tions of the Drama, we have no publica-’ tion of particular consequence to notice: and only Mr. Commay’s Farces, in the hyhter class. . These have all been so long before the public on the stage, that we have little more to do than to notice their tiles, “Blue Devils;” tivst acted so lony ago as 1798, appears to bea loose version of a French piece, in one act, writtey by M. Patvat, the title of which, as the ad- “ vertisem@nt hig 636 vertisement prefixed informs us, “is for- gotten by the translator, and he has now no copy of the original drama in his pos- session to ascertain it.” “ The Review ; or The Wags of Wind- sor;” appears to have some slight variation from the farce which has been usually, acted in the first scene of Caleb Quotem. . © Eove Laughs at Locksmiths,” and “ The Gay Deceivers,” are other transla- tions from the French, with occasional emissions, curtailmenis, and departure from the dialogue. The name of Arthur Griffinhoof, under which most of his farces have been in- troduced to the Public, is acknowledged to have becn assumed by Mr. Corman, asa nom de guerre, through the fear that disrepute as a farce-writer might have been prejudicial to him as the author of a comedy, orany kind of play. Among the NOVELS. « Edmund Fitgaubrey,” by Campri- gnsis, will be found a work of consi- derable interest, in three small volumes ; ehaste and simple in its language, and ‘with much variety of incident. Nor have we less commendation to bestow on the “ Leicestershire Tales ;” by. Miss Many Lixwoop. These are, in number six; entitled, The Beaulort Family; Catherine; Friendship and Re- venge; Ilarriet; and The Debt of Gra- titude Repaid: and are designed by the authoress to impress upon the youthful mind a'sense of the advantages and im- portance Of MORAL RECTITUDBE. MISCELLANIES, *¢ A most pleasant, fruitful, and witty Work of the best State of a Public Weal, and of the new Isle called Utopia; written in Latin by the right worthy and famous Sir Thomas More, Knight, and translated into. English by Raphe Robinson, A.D. 1551. A. new Edition; with coprous Notes (including the whole of Dr. War- ner’s), and a biographical and literary In- troduction.’’ By the Rev. T. F. Dispinx, F.S.A. 2 vols. 12mo. It was the remark of Bishop Burnet, that the romance of the Utopia had a very, common fate upon it—to be more known and admired all the world over, than here at home. Indeed, it seems to have been translated within a compara- tively short period, from its publication into almost all the European languages. “It was my original intention (says Mr. Dibdin) to have prefixed to this edi- tion of the Utopia some account of the life of Sir Thomas More; but recollect- Retrospect of Domestic Literature— Novels, &c. ing how frequently (and indeed recently) the subject had been before the public, it appeared to be a more eligible plan to reserve for the notes, suhjoined to the text of the Utopia, such anecdotes of our author’s life as might enliven, while they illustrated the work. I shall therefore beg the reader’s attention to the follow- ing arrangement of my introductory ma- terials :— ‘ “4. The Family of Sir Thomas More. “2, The Biography of Sir Thomas More. _“S. Account of his Works ; with Spe- cimens of the same. “4, Editions of the Utopia.” Of the editions, we find twelve in La- tin, the first being dated about 1516; one Italian; two French; and ten English, beside the present. The notes are both curious and inte-~ resting. We have also a Catalogue Rai- sonée of the various portraits which have been engraved of Sir Thomas More. Later, in point of date, though of a superior interest to the world at large, are ** The Works of John Dryden, now ® Jirst collected, in eighteen Volumes, Il- lustrated with Notes, historical, critical, and explanatory, and a Life of the Au- thor, by Warren Scott, Esq.” Afier the criticisms of Johnson, and the accurate researches of Mr. Malone, little new was probably to be expected in a Life of the poet. Mr. Scott, however, his endeavoured to connect the life of Dryden with the history of his publica- tions; and in such a manner as not, in any part, to lose sight of the fate and character of the individual, The fol- lowing extract from the advertisement will probably best explain the principal peculiarities in the present edition of the poet’s works :— “In collecting the poetry of Dryden, some hymns translated from the service of the Catholic church were recovered by the favour of Captam Mac Donogh, of the Inverness militia. As the body of the work was then printed off, they were inserted iu the life of the author; but should a second impression of this edi- tion be required by the public, they shall be transferred to their proper place, To the letters of Dryden, published in Mr, Malone’s edition of his prose works, the editor has been enabled to add one arti- cle, by the favour of Mrs. White, of Bownanhall, Gloucestershire. Those pre- served at Knowles were examined at the request cf a noble friend, and the con~ tents appeared unfit for publication. Dryden’s Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Iiscellanies. Dryden’s translation of F'resnoy’s Art of Painting, and the Life of Xavier, are in- serted without abridgment, for reasons which are elsewhere alleged. From the version of Maimbourg’s “ History of the League,” there is an extract given, which may ‘be advantageously read along with the Duke of Guise, and the Vindication _of that play. The prefaces and dedica- tions are, of course, prefixed to the pieces to.which they belong: but those who mean to study them with reference to “theatrical criticism, will do well to fol- Jew the order recommended by Mr. Malone. Several pieces published in Derrick’s edition of Drydeu’s poetry, being obvi- ously spurious, are here published sepa- rately from his authentic poetry, and with a suitable note of suspicion prefixed to each, They might, indeed, have been altogether discarded, without diminish- ing the value of the work, The following are the general contents of “ Dr. Bratson’s Chronological Re- wister of both Houses of the British Par- tiament, fromthe Union, in 1708, to the JSourth Parliament of the United King- dom of Great Brituin and Ireland, in 1807.” In three volumes. 1. A list ot all the Parliaments, with the several al- ‘terations which have happened by deaths, preferments, and undue elections, from the union in 1708, to the first session of the third Parliament of the united king- dom of Great Britain and Ireland, in 1807. 2. An alphabetical list of all the counties,cities,and boroughs, shewing the time they first began to send members, and their rights of election, as decided bythe house. 8. An account of all the controverted elections, with the several determinations concerning them, from the 29th of Elizabeth, to the present ‘time. 4. An alphabetical list of all the members, and their country seats, shew- ing the several counties, cities, or bo- roughs, which they have represeuted. 5. An alphabetical list of petitioners. 6. The heads of the statutes now in force, concerning elections. 7. A list of the rs of England, who have sat in Par- iament, from the union with Scotland in 1708, to 1807. 8. A list of the Scots ers, who have been returned to all the arliaments since the union, 9. A list of Irish peers, who have been returned to the united Parliament of Great Britain _and Ireland, since the union in 1800. n the notes are numerous references to such resolutions of the House of Com- Mons as appear to have related to the 637 different boroughs: with occasional bio- graphical references, The third volume of Mr. Beron’s “ Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books,” lias appeared in a more arranged form than the two first. Its principal contents are comprized in the following leading titles, ‘‘* Account of the Earlier Bibles.” ** Theological.” “ Greek Books from 1746 to 1500. 1. Witha Date. 2. Sine Anno. 8. Apud Aldum.” ‘¢ Karly Editions of Virgil; with a par- ticular Account of those in the collec- tion of Earl Spenser.” ‘* Brief Accoont of Karly Printers.” ‘¢ Rare Books of the Fifteenth Century.” ‘ Greek Books in Capital Letters before 1500.” “* Rare Editions of Latin Poets of the Fifteenth Century;” and “ Latin ‘rranslations of the Greek Poets.” One of the most curious anecdotes ia the volume, we shall quote. “TinpaLt.—In p, 320 of my-second volume, I have erroneously asserted that the ‘ Newe Testament’ by Tindal, pur- chased of Dr. Combe by the British Mu- seum, of the date of 1534, was the first edition. I have since discovered, that the first edition was printed in 1526. The only copy known was bought by Dr. Gifiord, and given by him to the Baptist Library, at Bristol. There were tw@ or three other editions it seems before that of 1534. Of this last edition is that most curious and beautiful copy on vel- lum in the Cracherode Collection, which, beyond a doubt, belonged to Anna Bo- leyn, and has her name aNNAa REGINA ANGLI& inscribed on the three outward edges of the leaves. “J have employed an intelligent friend, to examine the copy of the first edition » of Tindal’s Testament, in the Baptist’s Library, at Bristol, where by the way, are to be found many scarce and valu- able books, with several curious articles collected by their missionaries in the East Indies. By his assistance I am ena- bled to give the following description ofit. *Itis in duodecimo, and is lettered on the back, ‘ New Testament by ‘Tyn- dal, first edition 1526.’ It has no-title page. There is a portrait pasted to the first leaf, with G. Vertue ad vivum delin. 1738, et sculpsit 1752. Underneath the print is this inscription ; ’ *« Hoh Maister John Murray of Sacomb The works of old Time to collect was his pride, Till oblivion dreaded his care ; Regardless of friends intestate he dy’d, So the Rooksand th¢ Crows were his heir.” Quere, who was this John Murray? “On 638 Relrospect of Domestic “ On the opposite leaf is.a printed pa- per pasted, which says, that ‘ on Tues- day evening (13th of May 1760) at Mr. Langford’s sale of Mr. Ames’s books, a copy of the Translation of the New Yes- tament by Tindall, aud supposed to be the only one remaining which escaped the flames, was sold for fourteen guineas anda half. This very book was picked up by one of the late Lord Oxford’s collec- tors (John Murray written in the margin,) and was esteemed so valuable.a purchase by his lordship, that he settled twenty pounds a year for life upon the person who procured it. Ilis lordship’s library being afterwards purchased by Mr. Osborne of Gray’s Inn, he marked it at fitteen shil- lings, for which price Mr. Ames bought it. This translation was finished in the reign of Henry the Eighth, an, 1526, and the whole impression, as supposed (this copy excepted) was parchased By Ton- stall, Bishop of London, and burnt at St. Paul's Cross that year.’ “ On the ether side of the leaf, in MS. is this: © N.B. This choice book was purcha- sed at Mr. Langford’s sale, 13th May 1760, by me John White, and on the 13th day of May, 1776, I sold it to the Rey. Dr. Gifford for twenty guineas, the price at first paid for it by the late Lord Oxford.’ his is sigued John White. “Dr. Gifford, it is well known, was assistant librarian at the British Museum, and I believe a Baptist. He left his li- brary to the use of the Baptist society at Bristol. He is said to have been a lively and much admired preacber, of whom it might have been said, as it was of one of the early reformers, vividus vultus, vividi oculi, vivide manus, denique om - nia vivida. He died in 1784. This by the way. : “Then follows a print of the Earl of Oxford, formerly the owner of the book, who died in 1741. , “At the etd of the book is the follow- ipg note in MS. by J. Ames. ¢ This singular English translation of the New ‘Testament appears perfect toa person understanding printing, although it bears no date, which many books about - that time wanted also, the subject being at that time so danyerous to meddle with. Recourse may be had to history $0 know the person who, the time when, and the place where, it was done. First, the per- son is generally sapposed to be William Tindal, from many writers, and his own -othier writings, as his Pentateuche, orfive Literature—Miscellanies. Books of Moses, printed 1580, at diffe- rent presses—See Fox’s book of his Acts and Monuments for the burning of it, p- 549, and 990 of his Book of Martyrs ; and also in my History of English Print- ing, p. 490. And be sure observe the last paragraph to the reader in this same book. ‘This edition was thought to be so effectually destroyed, that till late uo ove was found until Harley, Earl of Ox- ford, a great lover of scarce books, em- ployed one John Murray, a person of some taste, who by accident found this, The earl was so rejoiced at it, that he forthwith settled an annuity on him so long as he lived, of twenty pounds a year, which was paid him to his deceasé, (which was in 1748.) Myself, among others, having heard the story of such an edition of the New Testament, when I was about my “ History of Printing,” I went among the most noted libraries, and met with this in the Ifarleian lfurary, but never saw another, ‘ The place where printed, is generally supposed to be Antwerpe, where persons in those days had the press and greater liberties than in their own countries. When Lord Oxford’s books were sold to Thomas Osborne, for thirteen thousand pounds, this book, among the rest, welt with them to him, and was represented by his catalogue-maker, as some Datch edition of the New Testament. See his Catalogue, vol. i. p. 25. No. 420. annd 1743. ‘The manner in whiclr this work is done, show it very early, as the illamina- ting of the great, or initial letters, early used iti the finest of our old manuscripts, when they had a set of men, called Iilu- minators, for such purposes. Besides, the marginal notes being done with the pen, which were afterwards printed, show it prior to others that weré priited with them. The person who did it, shews afine free hand, scarce now to be ek ceeded. These considerations, put to- gether, incline me to subscribe to this, being the first printed edition of thé Ex- glish New Testament. J. Ames.” “Underneath this is written, * And what pats it out of all doubt, that it is prior to all other editions are his own words in the second page of his ade dress to the Reder. ; ‘ A. Gifford, Sept 11, 1776. “ The Address to the Reder,” alluded to here, and by Mr. Ames, is at the coi- clusion of the book. It is to this effect; ~ © Them that are learned christenly, I beseche for as moche as I amp stire, and BLY . Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Miscellanies. 639 my conscience heareth me recorde, that of a pure extent, singilly and faythfully 1 have interpreted itt (the gospel) as farre forth as God gave me the gyfte of know- ledge and understandinge, so that the rudness of the worke now, at the first tyme, offende them not: but that they cousyder howe that I had no man to counterfet, nether was holpe with Eng- lishe of any that interpreted the same, er soche lyke thinge in the scripture be- fore tyme,’ &c. After this follow ‘ the errours commit- ted in the prentynge.’ In this place also we shall mention, “ The Madras School, or Elements of Taition, comprisiag an Analysis of un Ev- periment in Education, made at the Male Asylum, Madras, with its Facts, Proofs, und Illustrations ; to which are added Ex- tracts of Sermons, preached at Lambeth ; @ Sketch of a National Instiiution, for training up the Children of the Poor ; and a Specimen of the Mode of Religious Instruction, at the Royal Military Asy- lum, Chelsea ;? by Sr. ANDREW Bene: coinprising the substance of all that the author has done, and most of what he has written on the subject of education. The ‘ Speeches,” of Mr. Curran, principally delivered at state trials, in Ireland, where he has been since made Master of the Rolls, deserve a warm re- eommendation to our readers. It is in- deed to be regretted that they have been obtained from reporters only, and that the orator himself has not condescended to correct them. But iu the splendour of eloquence, in argument, and in power- ful addresses to the feelings we have scarcely ever seen them equalled. They have already passed through one impres- sion of a thousand copies; and are now published a second time: with the addi- tion of some of his parliamentary speeches. Nor ought we here toomit “ The New Pantheon,” by Mr, Jitcarp Hort, com- piled principally for the use of young persons. It is written in a plain and compressed, though not inelegant style, and is one of the best introductions to the Mythology of the Ancients we have lately seen. Though several publications have ap- ared, similar in design with the “ Cir- cle of the Arts and Sciences, for the Use 4%, Schools and Young Persons,” by Dr. Mavor; within these few years, it may be safely asserted that there is not one within the same compass, that includes a _ Monrury Mas, No. 180. general explanation of such a variety a3 the present, or whichis, on the whole, so well adapted for. the use of youth at school. It comprizes agriculture, alge- bra, architecture, arithmetic, astronomy, botany, chemistry, chronology, drawing, electricity, ethics, galvanism, geography, use of the globes, grammar, history, hy- draulics, hydrostatics, laws and consti- tution of England, logic, magnetism, mechanics, mensuration, military art, ‘mineralogy, music, mythology, optics, penmanship, physiology, pneumatics, politics, rhetoric, theology, trade and commerce, trigonometry, and zoology, Tn this class also we have to notice the publication of a new and elegant edition of “ The Complete Angler) by Isaac Watton; a work which has been long known not only as the best treatise on an innocent recreation, but as one diversi- fied by all the characteristic beauties of colloquial composition, It. was first printed in 1653, and went through five editions in the life time of the author, In 1750, 1759, and 1772, itrwas edited by Moses Browne; and in 1760, as well as in subsequent years, in a more splendid form, by Sir John Hawkins. The por- trait of the author, which among. others, ornaments the present edition, is similar to that which adorns his Life by Dr. Zouch. The plates from Wale’s designs, first drawn for Sir John Hawkins, have also been re-engraved, from the originals, by Audinet, who has added two exquie site views from nature, of Mr. Cotton’s fishing-house, and*pike pool. The ad- ditions, in point of matter, are chiefly confined to the notes ‘and appendix. The plates of fish are almost superior to those which illustrated the edition’ of 1653. The index has been rendered more methodical, as well as enlarged. Another treatise on the same subject, though with fewer attractions in every point of view, will be found in “ The An- gler’s Manual,” by Mr. Howr1t: it is elegantly printed, in a convenient oblong shape for the pocket, and is accompanred by twelve engravings. , “ The Cutter,” appears to be written partly on the plan of “ The Miseries of Human Life.” Tt opens with a. few hints to authors how to’cut reviewers; followed by five lectures on the art and practice of cutting friends, acquaintances and relations, By way of illustrating the authors positions, each lecture has ex- amples. The following, which accom- panies the second lecture, may serve asa 4N - Specimen 640 specimen. “ Tf you are riding on horse- back, and would cut an acquaintance, whom you might perhaps condescend to notice in a lane, give your eyes a direc- tion parallel with the two sides of the street, or turn your body obliquely to the opposite side of the horse, and examining very closely the parts adjacent to the Retrospect of French Literature—Iistory. hoof, look seriously, as if lameness, or the grease.” M. Encex’s, ** Essays and Tales, Mo- ral, Literary, and Philosophical,” trans- lated by Mr. Horne, are interesting: though we cannot say they have altoge- ther answered the expectations we had formed of them. you.suspected ed HALF-YEARLY RETROSPECT OF FRENCH LITERATURE. aE HE interdict on French works, still continues, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain any book of a very recent date. Notwithstanding this, by extending our plan, and giving a more general view of each article, we are en- abled, it is to be hoped, to render the whole more interesting. HISTORY. “ Notice Historique sur le Royaume des Deux Siciles.”—An historical Notice re- lative-to the Kingdom of the two Sicilies, 1 vol. 8vo. The territory of Naples, together with the adjacent Island which was so cele- brated in the time of the Romans, have been more than once united under one sovereign, and distinguished by the ap- péllation of “the Two Sicilies.” They are for the present separated, at least in point of fact, as Bonaparte has lately iven anew sovereign to Naples, while Ferdinand IV. reigns in Sicily, under the protection of the British nation, who still continue to support him, by means of a squadron of ships of war, and a for- midable body of troops. « The two Sicilies,” says the anony- mous author, now before us, “ have from ‘the earliest periods been afflicted with volcanic eruptions, and at the same time agitated by political convulsions, still more dangerous than those of nature. To name but Sicily, is to point out the theatre of the most brilliant actions, and at the same time, to designate the most ancient field ‘of battle, known in the his- tory of natiohs. As to the misfortunes of Naples, they seem to have commenced ‘at the epoch of the decline of the Roman empire. The conquest of that city, in $43, immortalised Totila, who treated the famished inhabitants with the utmost kindness, and carried his humanity so far, as to cause them to be closely watched after he had taken possession of their capital, lest they should be induced to overcharge their stomachs by too much food, after such long and such terrible “privations, “After the establishment of the Exarchate of Ravenna, the provinces which at present compose the kingdom of Naples, were ravaged in succession by the Lombards, the Greeks, the Saracens, the Normans, the Germans, the Hunga- rians, the French, and the Spaniards. So many wars tended not a little to alter the character of the natives; for they contrived as it were, to retain nearly all the vices of their conquerors, without preserving any, or but very few of their virtues. In the midst of the most fertile portion of Europe; were committed the most frightful crimes. The populace of Naples acquired a celebrity that became terrible to their masters, and were to the full as tumultuous, seditious, and atro- cious, as the populace of Rome. Their history has been described by one, whose work is entitled “ Le trente cing Revoltes du tres fidtle Peuple de Na- ples,” The five and thirty Revolts of the most loyal People of Naples, The cal- culation of. this author is moderate enough, for we might reckon more than double the number of these revolts, were we but to take the trouble to enter the tragic labyrinth of events, that fatigue by their sanguinary uniformity. “« The only nation that ever in a great degree incorporated itself with the Neapolitans, was the Normans, who, after fighting against the infidels, from the year 1016, rendered the most signal ser- vices to the sovereigns of that country, and obtained several portions of territory by way of recompence for their exploits. But these auxiliaries soon conducted themselves in the two Sicilies, in exactly the same manner, that the Anglo-Saxons had done in Great Britain ; that isto say, they rendered themselves masters of the whole country. “So early as 1043, they had already founded in Apulia, as well as in Cala- bria, a great number of principalities, and chased the Greeks of the Lower Em- pire from the whole of Southern Italy. Robert Guiscard, and Bohemond his We the Retrospect of French Literature—Hisiory. the two heroes of their age, would have overturned the empire of the east, but for the courage of Alexis,.who was sup- ported by all the power of the Venetians. Those redoubtable Normans, whose ex- ploits at that period, obtained the adii- ration of the whole world, were neverthe- less exposed to the machinations of the treacherous inhabitants of Apulia, who meditated a general massacre, during which, two of their princes were slain, “ The first Duke of Apulia, who as- sumed the title of king in 1130, was called Roger II. He carried on war, both in Africa and the East. At length the immense riches, which the Normans had collected during their expeditions, began to corrupt their morals. The in- dolence, the mean conduct, and the cru- elty of William the Bad, son of Roger, occasioned, the most atrocious scenes ; unworthy favourites made the people groan under the burden of imposts, and Naples became a prey to horrors, no less execrable than those formerly perpetra- ted by Nero, and Caligula; but under the reigns of William If. and of Tancred, the two kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, began to experience something like tran- quillity ; the former by the goodness of his heart, and the mildness of his man- ners»; the latter by his clemency and his éminent qualities, merited the esteem and the attachment of their subjects. “ At length this valorous race of adven- turers, was humbled and overwhelined by a variety of ills. The sceptre dropped out of the feeble hands of the youthful William IIL. into those of the Emperor Henry VI. the exterminator of all the Roman princes ; a crowned ruttian, who by his multiplied assassinations but too well merited the appellation of the Nero ef Sicily. Like another Cambyses, ex- tending his vengeance to the dead princes of the dethroned dynasty, he caused the bodies of William IL, and of Ruger, his son, to be dragged from their graves, and the crowns which had been placed on their tombs, to be nailed on the heads of two of the nobles attached to their house. “ Tleaven at !ength punished so many crimes, in the descendants of this mon- ster. Notwithstanding the virtues of Frederic, who founded the University of Salerno, made the sciences flourish, and eultivated them himself with so much success, the innocent Conradin, while scarcely a man, became the expiatory victim. Mainfred despoiled him of the crown, and this barbarous guardian him- 641 self, in his turn, fell under the poniards of the assassins protected by Charles of Anjou, who in less than three months, beheld himself in possession of the Two Sicilies, Notwithstanding this, Conra- din, accompanied by his cousin Frederic of Austria, recovered the patrimony of his forefathers, by means of arms. “ Every thing at first yielded to his cou- rageous exploits; but at length vanquished while reposing in the bosom of victory, in consequence of a fatal mistake, he was forced to resign himself to tie mercy of his most implacable enemies. All Eu- rope shed tears of pity on this occasion, and shuddered at the recital of the ca- tastrophe which terminated the life of Conradin, At the voice of ambition, both he and Frederic were immolated on a scaffuld, in Naples, and the brother of Saint Louis was the first to exhibit the terrible example, of cutting off a crowned head, with the axe of an executi- oner. Before he received the fatal blow, Conradin, who tenderly loved his mother Elizabeth, exclaimed in an agony of grief: “ Ah! my dear and worthy mother, what sorrows will you not experience in consequence of my death ! “ Many acts of refined barbarity pre- ceded this tragedy. In the presence of the still living prinees, were recited the prayers usually read for the dead, and ~ their funeral was celebrated before their own faces, a circumstance, which doubt- less inspired Charles V. after his abdi- cation, with the desire of celebrating his own within the precincts of his convent. Thus became extinct, after being struck with the thunders of the Vatican in the shape of excommunication, one of the most illustrieus and unfortunate houses, that had ever wielded a sceptre. “ The merciless Charles, however, al- though able to conquer, was not capable of reigning. This imprudent monarch, permitted his countrymen to indulge all their passioas, notwithstanding the re- monstrances of the Popes, who foresaw a revolution in his states, and already an- ticipated that destructive conflagration, which was concealed beneath the de- lusive appearance of a perfidious tran- quillity. John de Procida, at once ac- tive, discreet, eloquent, supple, haughty, being piqued at seeing himself neglected by the conqueror, went abroad, in order, to raise up enemies against him, in Are ragon, as well as at Constantinople ; and received large supplies of money, for that very purpose, frum the Greek emperorse All 642 All of a sudden this new Proteus rendered himself invisible, and concealed under. the habit of a Franciscan Friar, he every where re-animated the fury of the people, and stirred up all Sicily against the French. It was a general revolt, and not a mas- sacre, that was meditated by this Sici- lian nobleman, against the French. ‘The Most judicious historians agree, that the butchery which has obtained the name of the Sicilian Vespers, was the effect of mere chance. “ Tt was not the clock of Palermo that sounded the massacre of Easter Monday, A.D. 1282. The real signal was given by a Frenchman, and the cries of modesty brutally outraged by him, in the open street, and on the person of a young female who was going to vespers, became the only tocsin, which assembled the people, and inspired that murderous rage, that took away the lives of 28,000 of his countrymen. Asa proof that this mas- sacre was not premeditated, let it be re- collected that it was not produced by one general and simultaneous movement in the island. ‘‘ But if historians disagree, relative to the precise cause of the massacre, all are of one accord, in devoting the actors to the execration of mankind. A great number of Provencals, disyuised as Sici- lian peasants, endeavoured to quit this abode of assassins; but not one of them escaped, because the Sicilians, as if in- spired by some infernal spirit, tried them grammatically, and Cicer: was the term which these islanders selected, in order to recognise their victims. This fatal word, the pronunciation of which is so difficult, becquse the sentence of death to foreigners, who were unable to enunciate it with the same delicacy, and the same accent as the natives. The populace of Palermo, carried their fury so far, as to rip up the bellies of those Sicilian women who happened to be with child by Frenchmen, in order to destroy the fruit of their wombs. _ It would be impossible to represent all the horrors of which Si- cily became the theatre. It is well known that the multitude is often capa- ble of the most monstrous excesses, and that in all ages, and among all nations, it will often perpetuate these bloody tra- gedies, if not restrained by a firm and vigorous government. * Charles was contemplating immense projects, no less than ‘the dethroning the Greek Emperors; when the intelligence of this event surprised, and indeed an- nihilated him, ‘as it soon after deprived him of the remains of life; and his de- Retrospect of French Literature—History. scendants, notwithstanding all their efforts, found themselves driven both from Naples and Sicily, which they were never after uble to reconquer. * After these bloody scenes, the crown of Sicily, detached from the kingdom of Naples, became the portion of Pedro, King of Arragon,who consented, not with- out some dread and hesitation, to reign on a theatre of carnage, and over so many executioners, “Under the government of Charles the Lame,and of Robert, the Neapolitans at length enjoyed happiness, and blessed the paternal mildness of their govern- ment. All divisions were extinguished, all animosities ceased, and the torch of literature began to illuminate rhe minds of men, until then blinded by the dark- ness of fanaticism and barbarity. Ro- bert, picus, charitable, humane, pacific, a lover of justice, was denominated the Solomon of his aze; a learned man bim- celf, he was the protector of all the men of learning of bis age ; he encouraged the study of true philosophy, of mathemas tics, of astronomy, of medicine; he caused Aristotle to be‘ translated into the Latin tongue, and collected the most precious works in’bis library, He was indeed too passionately addicted to wo+ men, but this was almost the only vice ‘which tinctured those eminent virtues, with which this prince embellished a throne. He was brave in the face of dangers, and always great, even amidst reverses. “ Tt was at this epoch, that Flavio Gi- Oia, an inhabitant of Amalti, illustrated the Neapolitan nation, by inventing, or rather by perfecting the mariner’s com- pass, that guide which has opened for us the barriers of a new world. The word perfecting, is used here; and doubtless some will be surprised at the air of un- certainty, relative to a subject which in the opinion of many has long ceased to be problematical ; but the learned M, Azuni, in a very able dissertation, has demonstrated that. this instrument was invented in France, and that it had been known there by the name of the Mari- niére, since the time of the Crusades. In a poem written in the Gauhsh style, by Guyot de Bovins, who lived during the middle of the 12th century, we read the following lines : «© Une pierre Jaide et bruniére Oui le fer volontiers se joinct. Quand Ja mers est obscure et bruney Quand ne voit estoile ne lune, Contre I’ estoile va la pointe.” “¢ Brunet Retrospect of French Literature—H istory. “ Brunet Latini, a Florentine, speaks of this very Mariniére, in the same terms, as well as the Cardinal de Vitry; the former wrote anterior to 1294, the latter in 1200. “ Thus the human mind already began to experience the effects of a salutary fermentation, throughout the kingdom of Naples, when under the reign of Joan, A.D. 1346, new tragedies were acted, less bloody indeed than the former, but no less criminal. Andrew, her husband, was strangled by some of the Neapo- litan nobility ; 3 and itis queen, gay, light, and inconsiderate, but suspected rather than convicted of an act which scems to have affected herself with dismay, sought every where for tribunals that might ab- solve her from the charge. She accor- dingly addressed herself to the famous Prienzi, thac demagogue, who in modern itome affected to act the part of the an- cient Brutus, and who assumed to him- self the vaunting title of Tribune of the Universe ;” but he was too politic to de- cide ou so delicate a question. “ Posterity, however, always severe in its decisions, wit! regard Joan as culpable, for having too openly manitested, before the murder of Andrew, her aversion to that unfortunate husband, whose un- worthy end was avenged by the King of Hungary. Louis, irritated, and indig- nant, rusned forward at the head of his troops, who were preceded in their march by a banner, on which was depicted the cruel death of his brother. At the sight of this funeral standard, the Neapolitans turned pale, and without opposing the least resistance, permitted the authors of the crime to be immolated in the gallery, of that very palace, where it. had been perpetrated. Joan, who-had betaken herself to flight, did not return to ber states, until after the retreat of the Hun- garians. * Having become a wife for the fourth time, her last husband, Otho of Bruns- wick, was unable to defend her from Charles de Duras, who had been called by this princess to succeed her. She wished afterwards to exclude him, and that too at a time when she was his pri- soner; to prevent this, he stifled his be- nefactress ! “ The new king was desirous to unite the crown of Hungary to that of Naples, This attempt cost him his life; and it was decreed that two humiliated queens, who had been obliged to drop their sceptres at his feet, should cut the thread of his existence, jou, and René the Good: 643 “ Under Ladislaus, or Launcelot, and Joan Il. vice no longer knew any re- straint, and the whole of the kingdom, following tle example of these two sove- reigns, presented the most scandalous ex- ample of effeminacy and debauchery. Ladislaus rendered himself thrice master of Rone; and althouyi always victorious in combat, he was unable to subdue any one of his own passions. A despot, an Oppressor, sanguinary, and incontinent, he expired, exhausted as it were with pieasures, ainidst the transports of frenzy. Joan, his sister, and heir, became the Meccatina of her age. ‘This lascivious queen, that she might resign herself en- tirely to her passions, sent James de Bourbon, her husband, into France; and ber unworthy lovers, on being released from this feeble constraint, fed on the tears and the blood of the unhappy Ne- apolitans, “Tn 1414, Alphonso [. ascended the throne; his competitors were John d’An- it was he who once more united the kingdom of Naples, to that of Sicily, from which it had been separated, for one hundred and sixty years. During that space of time, an- archy had enti: ely desolated that blooil- stained island, and the history of the Si- . cilians, during this period, is entirely des- titute of any Interesting events. On the death of the magnanimous Alphonso, the inhabitants resumed their former cha- racter and conduct ; and their disorders, instead of being diminished, encreased duriag the reigns of Ferdinand 1. Ale phonso IL. and Frederic. * At length Charles VEIL. reviving the claims of the house of Anjou, with equal, rapidity subjected and relinquished Italy, and the kingdom of Naples; and with a handfui of gallant soldiers, re-entered his own kingdom, although opposed by an army four times superior to his own. Naples yielded to the elforts of Louis XIL. and Frederic, the last king of that dynasty, in which the blood of Arrazon was united to that of France, amidst ‘the sweetness of retirement, was taught to forget the loss of his throne. [is states were dividedin 1505, between the French, and the Spaniards; the latter partly by the policy of Ferdinand King of Arragon, - and partly by the valour of F Gonsalvo de’ Cordova, chased their rivals from the kingdom of Naples, and declared them- seives the sole possessors, “Then was at length beheld, what in all ages and countries may be obtained, by the sage firmness of a good governs ment, 644 ment, for the devils who inhabit the pa- radise of Italy, became angels. The two Sicilies, after being shaken by so many revolutions, remained in peace, under the domination of the viceroys of Spain, one of whom, the famous Duke d’Ossuna, made himself feared, resvected, and be- joved, at the same time by the people. “ During the reign of Philip 1V. in 1665, a single spark produced an explosion in Naples, the inhabitants of which were discontented at the tax which the Duke D’Arcos had imposed op garden herbs and fruit, A man of the lowest condition, starting from amidst the crowd, on this became, as if by instinct, at once chief and general of the popular party; and Mazaniello, from that moment, directed the movements of fifty thousand men, who flew to arms in consequence of a basket full of figs being insolently over- turned by the hand of an exciseman. “Tn a single instant, assassination be- came organized in the city; and it would be extremely difiicult to conceive an idea of the ridiculous, puerile, indecent, and sanguinary vengeance, to which the irri- tated populace delivered themselves up. The whole ef the nobility and the trades- eople trembled alike before the re- doubtable fisherman, who had become giddy in consequence of bis popularity, and who flattered bimself with the most deceitful illusions. But the mob, during a moment of caprice, first overturned, and then broke this living idol, whom they dragged through the streets, aud threw into the common sewer. On the very next day, after shedding a torrent of { Retrospect of French Literature—History. fantastical than terrible, was followed by a perfect calm, Many years of happiness and prosperity were still reserved tor this fine country, and the Neapolitans distin- guished themselves, during that period, by manners to the full as polished, and as aiwiable, as any other civilized nation in Europe. ‘The arts and sciences also flourished among a people, who, digging the remains of antiquity from the entrails of the earth, at length exhibited the spoils of the cities of Poimpeia, and Her- culancum, to astonished Europe, and eu- riched themselves by a new species of in- tercourse—that of the living with the dead. “¢ Atter braving passed in succession un- der the domination of Charles IL. son of Leopold, and the Emperor Charles VI, the Two Sicilies were conquered in 1754, by Don Carlos, who governed them with sagacity, and adegree of goodness, truly paternal. He resigned tie sceptre to Ferdinand LV. hisson, 11 1759, in order to reign over Spain. Such is the rapid sketch of the most signal events that have oc- curred in these two states, and they have been regularly traced without the omis- sion of a single epoch, with an exception to the present alone.” The reign of his present Majesty, in some respects, perhaps, may be cunsi- dered as one of the must remarkable. The education of this Prince was en- tirely neglected; and imstead of being brought up, so as to have a taste for state affairs, he soon distinguished him- self vy a passion for the sports of the field. Hunting, shooting, and fishing, ybecame his sole delight, while his queen tears over their own victim, and reproach. governed the nation; and was, in her ing themselves for the excess of their cruelty, they conferred a magnificent fu- neral on Mazaniello, the pomp of which was heightened by the presence of all the clergy, who were forced to attend in their robes. “ At length, weary of their short-lived sovereignty, fatigued with the miseries of a revolution, cured of that ardent fe- ver which had exhausted their strength, the whole of this tumultuous populace re- turned to their allegiance, notwithstand- ing the chivalrous prowess of the Duc dé Guise, who bad thrown himself into Na- ples, and endeavoured to keep alive the fire of civil discord, in the hope of being able to procure acrown. He was unable even to manage Annéze, the new idol of the populace, who happened to be, to the full, as haughty, and as jealous of power, as his predecessor. “This revolution, which proved rather turn, supposed to be governed hy her fa- vourites. The consequence is what might have been easily anticipated. His Ma- jesty has been twice driven from Naples ; once by his own subjects, and another time by the French. He now reigns in Sicily alone, where he is supported by the generosity of the British nation, whose squadrons protect his coasts, and whose troups defend his person, Car- dinal Ruffo, who at a critical period reconquered his kingdom, aud, with the aid of an Englisn aduwniral, replaced him on his throne, did not long remain in fa- vour; and the infraction of the solemn capitulation with his own subjects, asto- nished all Europe. It is evidently the interest of Great Britain, however, to protect the residue of his dominions, from becoming a prey to: Bonaparte, who had long fixed his ambitious eye on the island of Sicily, and wished to re-unite it and Naples Retrospect of French Literature—History, — Naples once more, under a prince of bis own house. “© Histoire des Guerres des Gaulois et des Frangais en Italie,” &c. 5 vol. 8vo. —Hlistory ot the Wars of the Gauls, and the French in Italy, from the earliest Ac- counts to the present Times. By Wl. M. Jose, Servan, &c. The French have decidedly evinced a military genius, and are the first of the moderis who could be fairly considered as an armed nation. Under the old ino- narchy—eyen in the best days of Louis XLV. the arts of peace were sedulously cultivated ; but now every thing assumes a warlike aspect, and the whole empire breathes threats and defiance. In the work before us, the early exploits of the inhabitants of ancient Gaul in Italy are enumerated, while their late triumphs in the same quarter are brought for- ward in such a manier as to flatter the vanity of the people, and stimulate thein to new conquests. The first book presents a rapid picture of general history during a period of about ten centuries. For two hundred years, the Gauls are represented as menacing the existence of Rome itself, and for four, as repelling, breaking, or clanking with in- dignation, those very chains, which this same Rome, become mistress of nearly allthe habitable worid, had either threat- ened or imposed uponthem. At length, the very name of the Gauls was eclip- sed, but Rome herself became enfeebled, and the Roman empire crumbled into ruins. “There was however this differ- ence in their fate, that amidst their fallen state, still deriving their name from a large and celebrated city, the Romans transmitted it to the very barba- rians who came to subjugate them, while. the Gauls on the contrary, although al-— ways armed, and always formidable, first mixed and then were confounded with the Franks, whose origin was similar, and whose chiefs had delivered them from that tyrannical yoke, which they always bore with impatience.” Tracing effects up to their primitive causes, the author observes that the cratty policy of Rome obtained so many triumphs over the Gauls, in consequence of the divisions alone of that nation, which ought to have been firmly united, by a sense of commun interest, and of common danger. “hey were destitute of chiefs, be- cause they recognised a thousand leaders ; they were destitute of discipline, for they had the presumption to attempt to sup- 645 ply the want of it by bravery, without tactics, and alinost without arms, be- Cause science alone knows how to pro- fit by the lessons of experience; for en- lightened valour, is only the patrimony, apd the appavage of civilized na- tions.” We now arrive at the period, when Sigovesius, and Bellovesius, the nephews of one of the principal leaders of the Gauls, established two colonies, one in Germany, the other on the borders of the Po, and the Adige. A violent re- sentment occasioned by the denial of Justice, produced the famous expedition of Brennus; for the Roman Senate hav- ing sent ambassadors to Clusium, then besieged by him, the two Fabii offered their mediation. The Gallic chief having retorted their own arguments, and pleaded the cons duct of Rome herself in his justification, the Fabii from umpires became enemies, and in direct violation of their public characters, led the Clusians to battle. The senate not only refused to punish this infringement of the law of nations, but recompensed the violators, by nomi- nating them military tribunes. On this Brennus marched straight to Rome, where he remained during seven months. According to Livy, he abandoned a con- guest which he was unable to retain, at the end of this period; but the author before us, chose rather to follow Po- lybius, who affirms “ that the Romans sued for peace, and submitted to the terms which the Gauls were pleased to impose upon them.” M. Jube, who composed this portion of the work, observes, that it was the preference of the interest of one family, to the honor and safety of the common- wealth, which caused all the dangers and humiliations of the Roman republic. After enumerating the bloody proscrip- tions of Sylla, and the Trumviis, he re- marks, that “* the dictator Augustus, was at great pains to exclude from the camps, that ancient love for their coun- try, with which the soldiery had been formerly penetrated—that under him, the national pride having given place to military prejudices: henceforth it is in vain we search for those immortal traits of magnanimity, and devotion, which so long illustrated the Roman legions, now become a mere militia, to which the ri- gour of discipline became insupportable, and the title of citizen an outrage.” ~ The Gauls are represented as of great service to Cesar, during their civil war, they —_— 646 they having acquired his esteem by their heroic bravery: be himself is represented -“ as intoxicated with panegyrics aud success, disdaining the glory of restoring to Rome her ancient liberty; and pre- ferring the more perilous alternative of subjugating her freedom. This Julius” adds he “ received bis death on the very steps of that throne, which a few cow- ardly adulators had prepared for him. These too were the first to insult the memory of the hero, whose tablets were filled with maxims dear to every friend of liberty.” ‘ At length the excessive augmentation of the taxes under Tiberius, together with the pride of the magistrates deputed from Rome, and the atrocitics commit- ted by the cruel generals of the cruel Vitellius, induced the Gauls once ore to revolt. But after two campaigns, re- plete with military exploits, they snil remained disunited by jealousy, and Ci- vilis was constrained to receive terms of peace from Vespasian, “ who practised on the throne those virtues, which before his elevation he had appeared to dis- own.” “« During the space of two centuries” it is added, “ the intrigues of a debased senate, together with the caprice of a tumultuous soldiery, become strangers to the ancient discipline, had successively sold to, or ravished the power from twenty-seven emperors, the greater part of whom were incapable of exercising it; but even among these, humanity and philosophy take pleasure in recounting the names of Titus, Trajan, Antoninus, and Marcus Aurelius. Of the sixty-three emperors who succeeded each other, from the time of Juiius Cesar to the di- vision of the empire into eastern and western, no fewer than forty-seven pe- rished by a violent death, most of them having been assassinated by their own guards. Philip, the first among thei who professed christianity, was the son of a captain of robbers, and caused his iinmediate predecessor to be put to death.” While treating of the reign of Galienus, the author quotes a letter from that em- peror, recommending ‘9 one of his gene- rals, not to remain content with exter- minating all those who had carried arms on the opposite side, but “ throughout every city to cut oft all the males both young and old, and to spare no one who had spoken ill of him. ‘ Kill, added he, ‘ hew in pieces without pity, You 2 Retrospect of French Literature—Ht wstory. understand me. . You are to do what you know I would do myself, I who write this to you with my own hand.’ _ “A brave captain sent to another ge- neral of Galienus, to advise him to con- quer with more prudence, and to recol- lect that there was one to whom his victories gave umbrage.” The tyraut himse!f was assassinated in his camp, by two of his own officers, and deified after his death, by that assembly of slaves, who still called themselves the Roman se- nate. Dioclesian, whom the monks have so much calumniated, and the ferocious Constantive, whom they have so much celebrated, dismembered in succession, this colossal empire. Constantine gain- ed by means of the Gauls, who were then organized in the same manner as the ancient Roman legions, a number of ad- vantages over the Franks, whose soldiers, leaders, and kings, he delivered to be devoured by wild beasts. This barbari- ty, great as it was, found apologists in his court. His flatterers compared his labours to those of Hercules, while they were prodigal of bestowing the titie of barbarians on the Franks, ‘O great Constantine! exclaimed they, may your enemies still hate you, provided they conunue to fear you.’ - “ The arms of this nation were still employed to support the worst of human passions, and at the battle of Mursa, although defeated by the unskil- fulness of the Emperor Magnentius, they persevered in the comhat, not being able to alford the incredible spectacle to the universe of the soldiers of Gaul turning their backs on an enemy ! “Under the celebrated Julian, and Aetius the famous general, they still up- eld the empire against the redoubtable Franks. But Valentinian himself, haying poniarded this very Aetius, the sole sup- port of his falling fortunes, the barbari- ans henceforth found no barriers to op- pose their inroads. The wreck and re- volution became general at this famous epoch, every thing changed its appear- ance—the goverument—the laws—the manners—the religion, and the language —the names of provinces—of rivers—of seas, were all replaced by other names, Men themselves experienced a change, says Machiavel, and they were called Peter and Matthew, instead of Caesar and Pompey. After struggling some years longer against their destiny, deso- lated alike by fiscal impositions, by wars, and by intestine disorders; the Gauls Retrospect of French Literature—History. ‘Gauls had now nothing but their name to lose, and this also they lost, when they were overpowered by the barbarians!” The connexion between Italy, and Charles Martel, Pepin, Charlemagne, Hugh Capet, Philip Augustus, Louis XI, Charles VIII. and Louis XII. fill the re- mainder of the first volume; which having been written previously to the usurpation of Bonaparte, is replete with principles favorable to liberty. It con- clades with a picture of the human mind at this interesting epoch. The other four volumes, are conduc- ted by General Servan, the friend of the celebrated Madame Roland, on precisely the same plan. The second and third occupy the whole of the interval, until the death of Louis XV., and a picture of the seventeenth century, terminates the latter of these. The two last, however, are by far the most interesting, because they con- tain the first authentic history of those campaigns which ended in the conquest of Italy, and the advancement of Bona- parte. The military rank of the histo- rian; the knowledge of the facts and the personages introduced by him, at ac- ‘quaintance with official documents, ad- ded to a knowledge of what occurred during his own administration, are all calculated to render him a fit person, to undertake such asubject. We of course however, must make allowances for the impulse under which the account of the wars in Italy was written, and the pre- sent deplorable state of the French press. Here follows a short account of the author, who has been always viewed with jealousy by Bonaparte. Geueral Joseph Servan is descen- ded from a noble parliamentary family op Daupbiné, and his brother, who like his progenitors, had addicted himself to the study of the law, acquired great ce- lebrity as advocate-general of the Par- liament of Grenoble. Josep, of whom we now treat, received a liberal educa- tion, and being resolved to dedicate himself to the profession of arms, studied the military art, as a branch of science, and acquired just wotions relative to the theory of war, After this he became, in succession, an officer of infantry, and engineers. Gleviee acquired considerable reputa- tion, he was appointed to what was then considered as a very honourable situa- tion : that of governor to the King’s* pa- * Louis XVI. Montury Mac., No. 180, 647 ges: but as he had studied the history of the Ancient Republics, and attributed their virtues, their happiness, and their glory, to the free nature of their govern- ment; he viewed with horror the despo- tism that then prevailed in France, and, like many other enlightened Frenchmen, panted for a change, but not for such a change as has occurred. It is but little wonder therefore, that his conduct and his sentiments should have given uni- brage, during the existence of a monar- chy, at one time eminently jealous of innovation; he was accordingly dismis- sed from his employment. Nosooner did the revolution take placé, and the sentiments professed by Servan begin to triumph, than he was nomina- ted colonel of one of the regiments of national guards of Paris, and acyuired the friendship of the Girondists. De- grave, who was at the head of the war department, having requested an’ assis- tant im 1792, Servan was recommended by Brissot, who had become attached to him, in consequence of his principles, and particularly on account of a publica- tion written by him, and entitled “ Le Soldat Citoyen,” (The Citizen-Sohlier), which at once indicated zealous patriot« ism, and considerable talents. On the resignation of the minister in May, he succeeded him, notwithstanding a per- sonal aversion on the part of the king, who dissembled his repugnance. Soon after this, the menacing attitude assumed by the court of Vienna, deter- mined some members of the government of that day, to recur to decisive mea. sures ; and Servan, without debating the Subject at the council-board, proposed to the National Assembly, the formation of a camp of twenty thousand men, ui- der the walls of Paris, which was adopt- ed with enthusiasm. ‘This decree, toge- ther with another for repressing the re- fractory clergy, as they were then called, proved exceedingly disagreeable to Louis, XVI. who resolved to refuse his sanc- tion, without which they could not have the force of law. Being determined ‘however to temporize, his Majesty dé- clined to declare himself.on this subject from day to day, and at length, after an interview between the queen and Dumou- riez, Servan, Roland, and Clavieres, were dismissed. But this event, added not a little to the popularity of the ni- nisters ; for the assembly decreed “ that they carried with then the regret of the nation,” On this Servan, who had atrained the 40 rank 648 Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. rank of major-general, repaired to the camp of Soissons, where he remained until the catastrophe of the 10th of Au- gust occurred ; and was recalled on the succeeding day, to fill his former impor- tant situation, When the combined ar- Jmies invaded Chainpagne, he still re- mained at the head otf the war-depart- ment, and was so zealous for the com- mon cause, that he and Roland pro- posed, in case the enemy should prove Victorious, to retire with the assembly behind the Loire, in order to defend the southern departments, which at that time had manifested a warm attachment to the cause of liberty. But the determination of Danton and the Jacobins to defend and bury them- selves in the ruins of Paris, in addition to the temporary firmness of Dumouriez, and the retreat of the allies, contributed not a little, in consequence of the ma- licious interpretation of their enemies, to throw suspicion on their firmness, aud even on their patriotism, so that Servan resigned on the 14th of October. He however obtained the command of the army of the Western Pyrenees, which be found in a state of diserga- hization; perceiving the. necessity of discipline, before he encountered the enemy, be introduced order and sub- ordinatian among the troops before he Jed them to victory. Accordingly ‘having restored regularity in the camp of Bidart, he advanced against, and cha- ced the Spaniards beyond tlie Bidassoa ; but immediately after this expedition, which was the first brilliant one achieved against the enemy, he was dismissed, conducted before a military commission at Lyons, in August 1795, and thence transferred to the Abbey, at Paris. Fortunately for Servan, he was totally forgotten by the Terrorists, during his ° Jong imprisonment, and having been lucky enough to survive their overthrow, his liberty, property, and military rank, were restored to him in September 1795, and he was employed to negociate a treaty of peace with Spain, in which he _was however anticipated by M. d’Yriarte. MISCELLANIES. “Nouveau Voyave en Italie, et en Sicile,” &c.—New Travels into [taly, and Sicily, by M.Crseuzz Dexesser.—From this work we shall extract an interesting _passage, containing a description of Pom- peia, which appears to have been a fa- yourite subject with the author. “ T have beheld,” says he, “ almost every thing remarkable that Italy pre- ~ covered. sents to the eye of a foreigner; I have contemplated the Pantheon, Vesuvius, the Coliseum, and St. Peter’s; I have visited Milan, Florence, Naples, Palermo, Rome; but what I desive most to see ayain, is Pompeia. “ Pompeia was nothing more than a little city of Campania; it is but a small remnant of antiquity, and yet it is the most true, and the must affecting one in existence. It has not the least resem- blance to Herculaneum, where indeed nothing wonderful is to be found; it is not like Rome, anew capital woich ef- faces an ancient one; it Is in truth an ancient town, the inhabitants of which appear to have fled but yesterday, But what do I say? The untortunates could not fly! The people of Herculaneum, had nearly all of them an opportunity to escape from the lava which pursned them; but the ashes here, more rapid and more destructive, overwhelmed ina few moments all Pompeia, together with the whole of its population. ’ “ Tiow could this city have been so long and so completely forgotten ? Scarce- ly were the ashes elevated a few feet above the tops of the houses. What! had its unhappy ivhabitants no friends in any of the neighbouring villages who possessed courage enough to rescue them from that tomb where they were buried alive? Did not the government of that day reeur to the means necessary for’ such a noble operation ? “ The great road that leads to this place appears to be cut level with its soil, On approaching it, one beholds a little elevation to the left—it is Pompeia, but Pompeia swallowed up; for but a small portion of it has as yet been dis- You descend but a few feet, to enter acity built by the Romans; you pass along the solitary streets; you be- hold the houses of the inhabitants—you contemplate their paintings, you form an idea of their manners; there is not a single object that is not remarkable, a single stone that is not interesting. « The quarters of the soldiers first pre- sent themselves to the view, and they possess a striking resemblanee to our cloisters. In different apartments are to be found the mills that served for grind- ing their corn; they are ingenious, and have been engraved in a variety of col- lections; but what is to be found no where engraved, is the impression made : by the bones of a soldier; we still behold the irons with which this unfortunate | wretch was bound at the time of the} _eruption ; Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. eruption; the judges and the accused perished together ! * The street which has been excavated is very harrow ; it is paved with the lava of Vesuvius. One still distinguishes the traces of the wheels, traces which prove that the carriage-way was but four feet broad. There are foot-paths three feet in breadth on each side, which proves this to be an ancient custom, and it is one too good ever to be forgotten or omitted. “« All the houses resemble each other: the greatest and the smallest alike pos- s€ss an inner court, in the midst of which there is a bath. Most of them are adorn- ed with columns, and the distribution of the chambers is equally simple and uni- form. All are small; several are desti- tute of windows, and receive no light but from the door, or an opening above it. If to this may be added, that the chambers in general are insulated, and do not communicate with each other, we shall have a just idea of the manner in which the ancients were lodged, and must frankly declare, that even the poor among us possess more conveniences than the rich among them. “ Another thing, which is also worthy of observation, ought not to be omitted here ; and that is, that all the doors are extremely low ; and that unless the Ro- mans thought proper to bend their bodies every time they entered an apartment, it is evident that they were not so tallas we. “The Italian taste for paintings in fresce, is also to be found at Pompeia ; and there are very few chambers indeed, on the walls of which one does not find something of this kind. ‘They are all be- low mediocrity in point of execution, and only curious on account of the images which they represent. Many of them exhibit mythological subjects, and serve at least to prove how universal at that period was the taste for those ingenious fictions, which triumph over the abuses to which they have been subject, and which will for ever constitute the religion of the arts. “ Several shops are still distinguishable, and in one of them we find the print made by the cups, or small vases, on the marble which covers the counter. As a proof how fond the ancients were of public shews, we have only to observe, that two theatres have already been discovered in the little city of Pompeia, The greater one is semi-circular, and its numerous seats, ascending one above another, are dug out of the suil. It conveys that true 649 idea of the ancient theatres, for which we should search Herculaneum in vain. But what antiquaries most admire, is a little temple dedicated to Isis, which at this day is in the most perfect preservation ; the opening under the spot, where the, statue was placed, is still visible, and by means of this aperture the deity was probably enabled to give answers. “The more one contemplates Pom- peia, the more it is to be regretted that such a valuable discovery had not fallen into other and better hands. Although the French were in possession of-Naples, in 1798, but for a few months, yet they have left traces of their activity behind them which are still visible. They have now more time, and a better opportu- nity, so that great things may be expected from the present government. ( “ One of the most interesting objects to be seen at Pompeia, is what the stranger generally views last: this is a country-house, or villa, at a little dis- tance from the city. He arrives there, by means of a most agreeable road, which tends only to render, by contrast, the ’ tomh into which he descends still more dreary.—Yes, I repeat the tomb! for this residence, although the roof be de- stroyed, still conveys, by means of its internal structure, a better idea of the dreary houses of antiquity, than any other T have yet beheld. The very garden is discovered, and the ponds and divisions are still visible. “ At Pompeia, one may be said to re- side with the Romans, but here you may also walk with them. Here one still meets with all the remnants of antiquity, and beholds the Amphora which were filled with a wine that no doubt had its age attested by the names of many consuls. One may behold—but as for me, I could behold nothing more, after having tra- versed a subterraneous apartment, in which twenty-seven dead bodies were_ fotnd ! It was there that the whole of an unfortunate family had taken refuge ; it was there that they in vain expected that succour which never arrived, and retfined that hope which was finally blasted ; it was there that resounded the cries of terror, and the sighs of ago- ny; it was there that horror, hunger, and despair, immolated their victims. The fiction of Ugolino vanishes before this frightful reality. Of twenty-seven human creatures, doubtless they were not all equally good, and equally worthy of re- gret; but doubtless also here was to be found one virtuous man, one faichfur friend, 650, friend, a fond mother, and innocent chil- dren;all the sentiments,the tenderest ties of humanity, were here rent asunder; amidst the darkness of night, and the screams of anguish, one old man, at least, the head of a family, uttered his last farewell in the hearing of a son who perhaps was in search of him, of a daughter who still supported him, and of all his generation, - doomed to be extinguished along with himself! “And yet, while I resigned myself to these reflexions which wrung my heart, while I contemplated in silence this thea- tre of destruction, the birds were singing above my head, Nature was clothed in her gayest garment, the sky was clear, the air serene, and even from the distant Vesuvius scarcely was perceived the issue of that smoke, which gently glided along its dark flanks, after resting awhile on its tumultuous top.” __ “ Maximes & Reflexions sur differens Sujets, de Morale & Politique,” &c.— Maxims and Reflexions on different Sub- jects, both Moral and Political, by M. de L***, 4 vol. 12mo, | This is a singular kind of author; for, although a Frenchman, he proposes to exclude women from society, and to in- troduce new manners and new customs into the world. He attempts to found his system on the practice of the ancient Grecks, as well as of the eastern nations, aod the great Scha-Abbas appears too a favourite with him, for no other reason than because he had married one widow, and at the same time purchased a hun- dred virgin slaves. _ Without combating, or further noticing his propositions, we shall here transcribe some of his maxiins, which appear to be founded on an enlightened experience. 1. Treat fortune as you would do a bad soil: do not disdain the harvest, however small it may prove. 2, The events foreseen by intelligent minds generally occur: but, fortune al- ways reserves two secrets, the epoch and the means. S, Attracted by novelty, but still the slave of habit, man spends his life in desiring change, and at the same time he is continually sighing after repose. 4, Ennui is a malady for which labour is the remedy; pleasure is merely a pal- lative. 5. Baseness always endeayours to de- grade that which on the part of men is the most noble to confer, and the most pleasant to receive—well-merited praise, 6. Your greatest enemy is not always. 1 Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellunies. he to whom, you may have done an ill oflice, fer he may be generous: but if you have been offended by a coward, be assured that be will ever attempt your destruction, for he is afraid of your re- sentment, and fear never pardons, 7. Virtue is the triumph of generosity over interest. 8. Honour is the offspring of courage and of vanity. 9. Listen to counsel, and brave cri- ticism. 10. The great difficulty in education consists in. keeping children under due submission, without at the same time de- grading their characters. 11. The spirit of domination is, first disclosed in early infancy, it diminishes during youth, and never returns during old age, but along with its other weak- nesses. 12. The self-love of fools is an.excuse, but not a justification, for that of men of sense, 138. When by any accident flattery does not succeed, it is not its fault, but that of the flatterer. 14. The pride of men of birth would be the ‘most foolish and insupportable species. of vanity, were it not for the pride of upstarts. 15. My good friends, are you sure that ten years hence you will be able to re- collect the. names of all your ‘present friends? 16, Fear and hope divide life; plea- sure and serrow occupy but a few mo- ments of it. 17. What inconsistency! men are con- ducted even to death through fear. “ Traité de Mechanique Céleste.”—~ A Treatise on Astronomy, by. P. S. La Pracr, Member of the National Insti- tute of France, and also one of the Com. missioners of the Board of Longitude. After the great discoveries made by the moderns in the sublime science of astronomy, some one was wanting to ex- hibit, read, and comment. on their la- bours. La Place, a man fitted in every point of view for such an undertaking, has in these four volumes undertaken, and in part ably executed, the task. His work is divided into two. parts, each part into five books. In part the first, be lays down general principles, and from these deduces the motions of the primary planets, as produced by gra- vitatlon towards the Sun. Part the se- second treats of the laws by which the, primary and secondary planets are regu- lated. ; Ty ; Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. 651 In this celebrated work, we not only learn what has been achieved by other famous men, such as Newton, Descartes, Clairaut, Euler, Mayer, Lagrange, Hal- ley, D’Alembert, &c. but the author has also communicated his own researches relative to the theory of the Moon, in which he confirms the principles laid down by our illustrious countryman, in the first edition of the Principia. He has also elucidated the periodical inequalities of Jupiter and Saturn, and extricated modern philosophy from the dilemma in- to which it had been thrown by some recent discoveries The phenomenon of the Tides, is a subject that has engaged the especial at- tention of the French astronomer, and the theory here given has heen strength- ened by observations made at the port of Brest, a place admirably calculated by nature for observations of this kind, We accordingly find: 1. That there is an exact coincidence between the laws by which the Tides diminish from their maximum at the full and change of the Moon, to their mini- mun at the first and third quarters. 2. It appears also, by actual experi- ment, that the heights of the Tides at their maximum near the equinox, is to their height (provided similar occurrences take place) at the sulstices, nearly as the square of the radius to the square of the co-sine of the declination of the Sun at the solstice. 3, That the influence of the Moon on the Tides, increases as the cube of her parallax. 4. That the retardation of the Tides, from one day to another, agrees equally well with both theory and practice. One of the most curious, as well as mest learned parts of the present work, is dedicated to an enquiry relative to the stability of the sea; and La Place is clearly of opinion, that the equilibrium has always been, and must necessarily be so preserved, as to render any of those changes, hinted at by some philosophers, impossible, at least so far as this may have been considered a primary cause. The precise figure of the earth, which Newton long since determined, engages the particular attention of the author, and the fifth book is devoted to the pre- cession of the equinoxes. D’Alembert was the first to solve this grand and in- teresting problem, by means of equations, and he has been followed by Simpson, and Walmsley, as well as by La Place, who has trodden the same ground again, although somewhat in a different track. The grand deductions, appear to be precisely the same, but others of an inferior, al- though interesting kind, are also intro- duced, It is proved that the phenomena of the procession and nutation, are and niust be precisely the same, as if the whole of our planet were one solid mass, while neither the curreuts in the sea, the rivers running into it, nor trade winds agitating its surface in a particular di- rection, can have any effect in alter- ing the earth’s rotation on its axis. So certain and regular is this law, that even earthquakes themselves cannot shake it, We learn also, that the density of the earth increases from the circumference towards the centre, that it is an elliptic spheroid, and that its compression at the poles, is between the limits of 74g and st_ part of the radius of the equator. The eighth book is dedicated to the secondary planets, particularly the sa- tellites of. Jupiter, which have astonished and puzzled many astronomers on ac- count of the quickness of their revolu- tions, during the comparatively short period in which they have been known to us. Bradley was one of the first to discover the periodical system of theip inequalities. In book IX, the very interesting subject of comets is treated of, and a place points out the methods of determining their orbits; and also the effects produced on them, when they come within the range of the attraction of any of the planets. It ison this occasion that he collects all his learning, and employs all his genius, to describe, calenlate, and demonstrate the laws by which these erratic bodies are governed. He also displays great skill and ree - search in the next book, particularly while treating of refraction. He ther tries to determine the angle of the ray of light, which in its progress from the sun, enters the earth’s atmosphere, and takes a new direction, through a denser me- dium, as it approaches towards the earth, The “Celestial Mechanism,” of La Place, has attained a high celebrity on the continent, and cannot fail to be read and admired in this country, by all those who are capable of relishing its merits, estimating the ingenuity of the author, or following him in his nice and difficult calculations. “* Archzographie,” &c.—Introduction to the Knowledge of the Monuments of Antiquity, by Jerome JacquesOBERLINy Professor of Philosophy ext sits (ie : vT 6 652 ; The history of ancient mations, so in- teresting on account of their political and religious establishments, would be still more so, we are here told, were we to call in to our assistance those monuments of art, which time has respected. With this torch in our hands, we should be enabled to pierce through the darkness which the defects, or contradictions of aneient authors have produced, relative toathousand important poimts. Every one knows what light bas been thrown on the art of war among the Romans, by Folard, m consequence of lis studying the monuments of antiquity. [Hommel has explained several chapters of the Roman laws, by means of ancient coins, while Spanheim, has shewn that this species of knowledge is susceptible of a still more general use. It is at the sight of the ancient speci- mens of architecture, sculpture, painting, medals, and pottery, that taste is torm- ed, the genius of the artist is aroused, and bis emulation becomes whetted. Sulzer, Mengs, and Winkelmann,ought to be consulted on these subjects. But it is more especially at the sight of the heroes of antiquity, that the courage of vreat minds will be inflamed, and they will become stimulated with the desire to imitate them. Noble actions will always find congenial souls ready to applaud; the friends of the social virtues, the lovers and defenders of liberty, will there behold their models. Monuments may be distingmished into five classes, the first of which consist of edifices, the second of the works of sculp- ture.and painting; the third, inscriptions and manuscripts; the fourth, medals ; the fifth, vases and instruments. The monuments of architecture, whe- ther yet standing or in ruins, serve to ex- hibit the taste, and instruct us relative to the customs of nations. We find temples and tombs among the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Gauls, Goths. Egypt stilt contains obelisks and pyramids; the Greeks and Romans have left us theatres, hyppodromes, circuses, amphitheatres, triumphal arches, historical columns, aqueducts, hot and cold baths, and roads furnished with stones at the end of every mile; these attest the grandeur and in- dustry of the Romans. The different buildings still remaining announce that the Egyptians and Per- sians -aifected the marvellous, and en- deavoured to astonish posterity; that among the Greeks of the early ages, Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. greater attention was paid to solidity, and simplicity, than to elegance; that the charming orders of architecture, with their appropriate proportions and deco- rations, were invented successively by the Greeks ; that the Romans, have with very little variation, confined themselves entirely to the discoveries of the latter ; that this species of beauty was unknown to the Gauls, while the Goths, or Ger- mans, invented for themselves a system of architecture, different from any species before known. On this article, Vitru- vius, as translated by Perrault, Felibien, and Winkelniann, may be consulted. The works of seu Ipture, of which great numbers yet remain in our possession, represent the images of divinities and illustrious men; of ceremonies sacred and profane; remarkable facts and events ; and traces of philosophy. There’ still exist a great number of statues,” busts, alto and basso relievos in stone, marble, metal, and earth; either confined tothe spots they were destined to ornament, or collected in the cabinets of the curious. Perrier, Bartoli, Maffei, Winkelmann, and others, bave published them; Wedg- wood and Bentley have succeeded won- derfully in this kind of figures, which they have imitated in porcelain, biscuit, and plaster. The ancient paintings, both in fresco and water colours, are also very instruc- tive. Their number has been greatly auginented since the discovery of Her- culaneum. What.a prodigious number of engraved stones, both in cameo and intaglio, ex- hibit the skill of ancient masters? Ma- riette, Maffei, Stosch, Ficoroni, and many others have published copies of them. But what augments the enjoyment, is the consideration that they are imitated in clay, and that the casts are multiplied at pleasure in sutphur, plaster, and other materials. The charming colleetions of red sulphurs of Italy are well known, as are also the white casts by Lipperts, and the black ones by Wedgwood and Bentley. The works in Mosaic, in of painting, also merit the of the curious. Ciampini, Fabretti, and Fougeroux de Bondaroi, ought to be consulted respecting this species of monuments. In other respects, the arts in their in- fancy have been nearly the same every where; but it was the Greeks alone who carried them to perfection: it ig to them we imitation attention Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. we are indebted for all the master-pieces, which excite the admiration of the con- “noisseur, The most ancient specimens of wri- ting are those which are to be met with in sacred or hieroglyphical characters on the edifices and idols of the Egyptians, and the narrow fillets which envelope their coins. The ruins ef Persepolis con- tain Persian i inscriptions, w juich have not hitherto been decyphered. The Etruscan Monuments also present us with very _ ancient ones in the language of that coun- try. There are some in Phenician. But none are more abundant than the Greek and Reman inscriptions, which desiynate almost every edifice aud work, more espe- cially, if they appertained to the public. They are to be found on common and precious stones; and marble and bronze. Writings preserved on the pupyrus of Egypt, on bark, and on parchment, do not go so far back as the Christian wera: the rolls of the Herculaneum are, however, an exception to thisrule. ‘The Mer rovingian, Lombard, Saxon, and Muzso- gothic writings appertain to the tine of the fallof the Western empire. The most ancient of the Chinese, as it is pre- tended, go as far back as the seventh century, The Runic strains of the Northern nations are less ancient. The writing-painting of Mexico is not long an- terior to the discovery of that country. Grater has edited a collection of Ro- man inscriptions ina very convenient form. Reinesius, Fabretti, Gori, and ochers, have followed his example. Sca- liger has also preserved the same order, Jn his Index to Gruter. Fleetwood bas selected a variety, of interesting incrip- tions. Bonada, Ferretius, and Burmann, ‘have collected sucli asare in verse. We find medals of gold, silver, and bronze, struck by the Phenicians, Car- thaginians, Etruscans, Greeks, Hebrews, Romans, Arabians, Celts, Britons, Goths, Anglo-Saxons, Franks, &c. In chese we may distinguish the head, field, le- geod, exergue. Attention is paid to the figures they represent. In the cabinets, the different metals are separated ; the medallions form a particular class, The bronzes are divided into great, middle, and small. DGetore Gessner, no one con- ceived the idea of a numismatic col- lection of all the nations of antiquity. The vases, and, in short, the instru- ments, both sacred and profane, whether jo metal, marble, ylass, or earth, all merit examination, Some grand vases, formed entirely our of precious stones, the sake of the metal. 653 are still in existence, Of those com- posed of clay, the Etruscan are the nist remarkable. The enquiry after, and examination of, all these kinds of monuments, ought to be accuvinpanied witha greatdeal of ciream- spection, without which one is liable te be deceived every instant: for, to say nothing of the charming remains of anti- quity, which the indiilerence of the age has permutted to fall into ruins, othersare changed, altered, aud counterfeited. The antiquary, thereture, stands in need of a certain degree of discernment, a certain degree of finesse in the feeling as it were,. in order to distinguish authentic picces from those witich are false or altered. He onghe still mare to be on his guard, against those figures which exhibit bad representations of monuments; as also against rash explanations, which fre- quently bave no other foundation than in the umagination, or ignorance of au- thors. There are certain monuments which perish from mere antiquity. Every eli- mate is not adapted to their preserva+ tion, and the powerful action of the ele- ments on such bodies is sufficiently known. In Eng‘and, the marble resolves itself into air ; thence the famous Parian marbles are no longer legible. An inscription, discovered at Strasburg in 1766, and engraved in the Museum Schoepflini, is now effaced from the stone which it adorned, in consequence of its sculing off by degrees. The mummies in Egypt, after resisting the air during whole ages, at length become rotten. It be- longs to engraving and typography, perpetuate the memory of similar monu- ments ; but there are others which are destroyed by malice, iguorance, avarice, negligence, or even by the means in- tended for their preservation, The pretended inauuscript of St. Mark, at Venice, is rozting, in cgmsequence of the humidity of the place where it is kept. The charming remains of some of the ancient figures of bronze, found in Herculaneum, have been melted. Moriconi’s varnish has destroyed severat fine pictures, procured with great pains and difficulty. Gold and silver medals, precious on many accounts, ‘have often been pu into the crucible, merely for Pere Sicard caused whole rolls of writings, discovered in Egypt, to be destroyed. The pluce- d’armes of Metz is payed with a fine Mo- saic, dug up during the latter part of the last century, and engraved in the ; history 654 History of that City, while the revolu- tionary fanaticism of- our-own times pro- duced a variety of ravages. One ought to be a Vandal, or an Ostrogoth, not to be heart-sick at the report formerly made by Gregoire on that subject. Monuments are frequently altered. The changes made some years since in the Pantheon of Rome, are not advan- tageous to it. ‘Those who restore broken and mutilated statues, and adjust the fragments or the att:ibutes, often change the very nature of them. Cassanova and /Winkelmann, who reproach Cavaceppi with this, produce many examples of it. The statues and figures of bronze and me- dals lose in the fire that precious varnish, which is the guarantee of their antiquity, when ignorant possessors pretend to clean and polish them. Medals are exposed to many frauds. The head, reverse, and legend, are all changed. Othos, Perti- naxes, Gordians, are created at pleasure. I myself possess an Otho, with a reverse of Titus. Modern hands have affixed false names of engravers to ancient gems. Pichler has placed the name of Diosco- Tides on a stone representing Caligula, The name of Lysippus has been en- graved on the Hercules of Florence. Nothing is more frequent than coun- terfeit and false monuments. The me- dals fabricated by John Cavin of Padua, Cogornier Laurent of Parma, Dervien, &e. are well known, Several medals a: by Golz, have been suspected vy the antiquaries ; however, as the col- lection made by that learned man was Jost in its passage across the channel, it is difficult to decide on this subject. The naumachia of Verona in Panvinius, the theatre of Autun in Montfaucon, are fic- titious, That learned man was also de- ceived by the figure of Cybele, given by Ligori; and by the divinities of Brescia, drawn from Rossi. The Hercules, sketch- ed by De Hooghe, misled both Gargon and Keyssler. ‘The Cupid-keybearer, in Monttaucon, appears suspicious to Cas- sanova. Joseph Guerra has counter- feited the paintings of Herculaneum; and P. Fondi, Etruscan vases. It is to be wbserved, however, that medals, ,con- cerning the existence of which the great- est doubts were once entertained, have been discovered afterwards. The cabi- net of the late duchess dowager of Port- land contained several of these. It happens also, that real monuments are badly represented. It is thus that Struys and Serlio have given false plans, and fictitious designs of the ruins of Per- Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. sepolis; Laurus, of the ancient edifices of Rome; Da Costa, of the amphitheatre of Capua; Jneas Vicus, of that of Ve- rona. Picart has drawn from his own imagination the statue of Memnon, think- ing that the original was no longer in existence. Rollin speaks of the statue of Laocoon, as if it also had been lost; and in Dryden’s Virgil that statue is badly designed: On an ancient stone which represents the murder of Polyx- ene, Gravelle has converted the Psyche into anurn, Tn the place of the Taurro- bolium, towards the extremity of the triumphal arch of Susa, we discover ~ Aaron sacrificing, in Moetjen’s plate. Many others have forged the figures of ancient divinities, instead of retaining those which the monuments present. Into how many feveries have those fallen who pretend to explain the remains of antiquity? According to Cardinal Ba- ronius, an Isis has been mistaken for the holy Virgin. A Prafectus Viarum, or superintendant of the high-ways, has been metamorphosed in Spain, into a St. Via- rus, as Mabillon attests, Engraved stones which bore a relation to the histo- ry of the Roman Emperors and their apo- theosis, were formerly displayed among the relics. An inscription in honour of Hercules, under the name of Semo sancus Deus fidius, made some believe that di- vine honours had been offered to Simon the magician. Monconnys has mistaken the sphinx near the pyramids of Egypt, for ahyena. Winkelmann has detected several similar errors; among others, that of Bellori, who imagined he discern- ed the @xpedition of the Emperor Galie- nus into the East, while Montfaucon beheld the intrigues of Mars and Venus, in amarble, which exhibits the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. On an urn in the Barbarini palace, Beger discovered Al- cestus devoting hiunself for Admetus, whereas it in reality represented the his- tory of Protesilaus, and Laodamia. The vames of the engravers on precious stones, were long mistaken for those of the personages they represented. Tych- sen was the first to give the true expla- nation of the inscription on the preten- ded pulpit of St. Paul at Venice. So much have some been deceived relative to the Runic monuments, that they have pretended to find Magog, the ark of Noah, and Sodom and Gomorra among them. In regard to the explanation of medals, nothing is more singular than the reveries of father Harduin; witness his explana- tion . . - Retrospect of French Literature —M. iscelldnyes. Pa 14 ® tion of the Isis Faria. The Col. nem. of the medal of Nimes was formerly ex- plained by Coluber Nemausensis, or by Colligavit nemo. ‘he globe placed on an altar, in a piece of money, struck du- ring the reign of Constantine, appeared to Peiresc, to designate the sacrifice of the mass. J. G. Koch pretends that the Samaritan are ancient Egyptian medals, adorned with hieroglyphics, and he puzzies his brain in order to. ex- plain the legends by means of the Ara- ic. Descarrier imagines the prow of the vessel on) the Roman as to bea plough, » “ What bas been already said, is sufli- gient in my opinion to exhibit the ad- vantages which may be reaped from the study of antiquity. The different monu+ meats belonging to the same country, will serve to determine the particulars of many remarkable events; to distinguish the genius and the taste of those nations who haye been in possession of it, and to establish the epochs of the infancy, progress, and decline, of the arts. In Egypt the pyramids, the obelisks, the remains of ancient temples, and other monuments of a similar nature, will fur- nish an apology for Herodotus, who has been accused of. fiction. They teach us also that the Egyptian nation was ad- dicted to labour, that it possessed a knowledge of mechanics, whatever Lin- guet may have said to the contrary, and that it was firmly persuaded of the immortality of the soul. Other build- ings of that country demonstrate, that it was under the dominion both of the Greeks and Arabians. “Ic is thus that monuments are the gua- rantees of the veracity of history: the co- Jumn erected at Rome in honour of Tra- jan, when compared with the medals of that emperor, attest his two expeditions into Dacia; they also exhibit to us a pa- tern of thesculpture of that period. The view of the theatres and amphitheatres preserved even in our own time, inform ‘us relative to the nature of the games, there performed. The barbarity of the mations who have trpdden under their feet the Western enspire, cannot be bet- ter proved, than by the loss of the fine arts, and of the goed taste occasioned by them. The works of sculpture, paintings, me- dals and engraved stones, present us with the figures of the divinities adored ‘by different nations; they instruct us re- lative to their priests, their worship, their games; they inform us of the series of magistrates and kings by whom they have been governed; they serve to fix Moytiry Mac., Np. 150. ~ 655, i, the epochs of the foundation of empires, natious, and cities’; they’ teach “us’their military usages; they make us acquaimt= ed with the dresses of nations; many objects are better detailed, and “more amply explained’ in their :inscriptions than elsewhere; they contain “laws, edicts, treaties of peace and alliance: in short they are the monuments which have aided the critics to restore to the ancient authors their primitive simpli- city, “Le Petit Magasin des Dames.”— The Ladies Little Magazine, for 1808, 1 vol. 18mo. We have before noticed this annual collection of poetry,» bon- mots, &c. tague, here called mi Lady Montague, find a place in this collection, which we chiefly mention on account of the motto prefixed to it, ‘ mtimating that a woman of taste, and talents, will love and edu- cate her daughters better than if she were destitute of such qualifications. We think the sentiment, cannot be too often repeated, or too frequently inculcated. Epigraphe: «© Une mere dans sa famille, Avec du gout et des talens, En aimera mieux ses enfans, En élevera mieux ses filles.” “Te Glaneur :’—The Gleaner, 4 vols, 8vyo. This work, consists of a mis- cellaneous collection in verse and prose, The first article we shall mention, is en- titled, “ Observations on the Letters of Madame du Chatelet.” “ These letters (we are told), cannot fail to render Ma- dame de Chatelet beloved; she never thinks of being witty, but what is infi- nitely better, she is always just. In ad- dition to this, our fair author frankly de- velopes her heart, displays a mind, .at once strong and generous, mixed, per- haps, with a little pride; but it is)the pride of one who bas been caressed’ and flattered. Her letters are not only well written, but actually the best of their kind. All the phrases are energetic, re- plete with passion, and yet extremely negligent in point of expression ; thence there resuits a peculiar kind of charm, which does not arise. out of style; for al- though her words be sometimes badly arcanged, yet her thoughts are so natu- ral, and animated, and’so amiable, that one feels, if they had been more correct, that they would have proved less intere esting. “It is extremely difficult to convey a just idea of these letters, for if a compa- vison be made between them and those’ 4P of Some verses by Mrs. Mon- ~ _tions was peculiarly fortunate. er of Madame de Sevigné, both will suffer. The correspondence of Madame de Se- vigné displays infinite art, and all this art is employed in its own concealment; that of Madame du Chatelet on the other hand, exhibits a mind open and honourable, which is eager to say, and to avow any thing. Nothing is foreseen, prepared, or thought of beforehand. — It is doubtful, indeed, whether this lady ever re-perused her letters, as she may be said to speak, rather than to write. Gifted with an extraordinary degree of eloquence, this eloquence never display- ed itself, unless when an object worthy of it, occurred. To a taste forglory, she added a simplicity, which rarely accom- panies it. No female was ever more learned, and yet no one seemed to be less desirous of the appellation of a Sa- wante. She never conversed relative to the sciences, but in the company of those, who she thought could instruct her, and never once spoke for the purpose of being remarked. “ Madame du Chatelet was acquaint- ed with the Latin, the English, and the Italian languages, and some fragments of a translation of Virgil, by her, are still in existence. She studied the higher branches of mathematics, as well as physics. She coimmented both on Leib- nitzand Newton. Hermemoir relative to the nature of fire, obtained high eulogiums from the Academy of Sciences; her work entitled ‘‘ Institutions de Physique ;” her Analysis of the Philosophy of Leib- nitz, her Dispute with Mairan, together with her work on the Principles of the Newtonian Philosophy, seemed calcula- ted to occupy a whole life ; but she found time for all, even for the most frivolous occupations. In fine, she loved all the pleasures of society, as much as those persons did, who occupied their minds with nothing else. . “ Fontenelle one day said, ‘ T have attained ninety years of age, and am a Frenchman; notwithstanding which, [ have never once attempted to cast the slightest ridicule on any thing that had the appearance of virtue.’ In imitation of this, Madame de Chatelet was accus- tomed to exclaim: ‘I have never, God be praised, attempted the slightest ridi- cule against any thing that exhibited the appearance of pleasure;’ and this saying, appears to me, truly to depict the character of its author, “€ Voltaire was greatly indebted to this lady, whose influence*over his composi- His in- timacy with Madame de Chatele: enno- , Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. bled and aggrandized his ideas. Jealous te please this illustrious friend, whose geni-+ us, according to his own confession, was of a vigorous cast; he conferred on his work a certain nobleness of character, strength, and elevation, not to be found in those which he published either before, or after the epoch alluded to. It was while in company with Madame de Cha- telet, it was at her house at Cirey, that he composed Le Siecle de Louis XIV., Merope, Alzire, Mahomet, Les Epitres Morales, and many other works, the beauties of which are universally allow- ed. It was then also, that he displayed most prudence and sagacity in his wri- tings—is it then unreasonable to affirm, that if Voltaire, as it was once supposed, and hoped, had concluded his career uns der the eye of Madame de Chatelet; that he would not at a remoter period, have fallen into those errors, which do so muchinjury to his memory, and which may have enfeebled the effects of those important truths, disclosed by him. “ The truth, indeed, of this observation is proved by all the letters of Madame de Chatelet, and one is greatly pleased with her, when, alluding to the Pucelle d'Or leans, she observes: ‘¢T have written a thundering letter on this subject; but it will be so long before this reaches him, that the manus script may have been sent to the printers. ‘I frankly avow to you,’ adds she to her correspondent, ‘ that L cannot re- frain from sighing at my lot,’ when I see how careless he is of my tranquillity. I will spend my whole life, in combating against him, for his own sake, without. being able to succeed, and shall never cease to tremble for him, and equally to lament his faults, and his absence. Such in fine is my destiny, and yet I account it more fortunate, than if it had been more happy.’ On the ** Memoirs of the Count de Hordt, and the Count de Bonneval.” The author, in criticising these works, is at great pains to prove that they ought not to have been republished. « A grand epoch,” says he, “replete with great eveuts, is for historians, what Rome is for those painters who are de= sirous to form themselves after grand models. The historian, who, after having beheld those great epochs, the recital ot which will astonish posterity, does not acquire that masculine and energetic sim- plicity, that digniy of tone, that elevated precision, and that rapid ‘style, which J appertains to this’ species of composition, ought either to threw away his pen, ar writes Retrospect of French Literature—Misceilanies. write on other subjects. A style without loftiness, and without warmth, provided it be sage, and correct, is still of use for many other purposes. «Let not this historian undertake to speak of times too near to his own, A grand epoch, like that which we have recently witnessed, is equally connected with the past, as with the future. The historical circle of remarkable, and al- most contemporary, events, is considera- bly enlarged, and it will no longer be possible to speak of Charles XII, and Frederic the Great, in the same manner, as before that immense revolution in Eu- rope, which, by appearing as the com- mencement of a new history, demands other historians. * But, (say M. ‘M. Borelly and Guyot Desherbiers, the editors of the works al- juded to,) ‘ we do not pretend to write any thing else but Memoirs, and why therefore would you attack us as his- torians?’—Memoirs, I confess, precede history ; but why should you hash history into. memoirs ?” After this introduction, the author at- tacks the Life of the Count de Hardt, lately written by M. Borelly, and ob- serves, that it is ridiculous, because the Count’s father had served under Charles XII. that all the revolutions of Sweden should on this account be detailed in regular order. In respect to himself, as a military man, he never served but in a subordinate capacity; and as a politician, he was never entrusted with any diplo- matic mission of the least consequence by Frederic the Great. Still greater severity is used in respect to the Memoirs of the Count de Bon- neval : : **T wish to be informed of the motive,” says he, ‘ for reprinting these memoirs. Of what utility can it be? What is it that it will teach us? M. de Bonneval was a good officer, but he never performed any great exploits, and he had no influence whatsoever over the events that occurred during his own time. If he possessed any great military talents, he must be allowed to have employed them to very little purpose. He was a fool-hardy man, without prudepee, without conduct, and who had nothing eminent in his charac- ter, courage alone excepted. . He fought well, acted badly, reasoned wrong, and, were it not. for his numerous foibles, would have long since been forgotten. Always morose, continually discontented with the king, with the ministers, with all the world, and with himself, he speng 657 his whule life in complaining of the pre- tended injustice which he had constantly experienced, Nothing could satisfy him, and if the staff of amarshal ot France had been conferred upon him, he would have - deemed it too little. He writes m the style of a captain of Cossacks, white his love-adventures resemble those of a Pan~ dour. “‘ His conduct at Cosmo, in respect to a jealous husband, was abominable; and if any other officer were to behave in so infamous a manner, he ought to be turned out of big regiment. But, even if all these despicable anecdctes of him were true—and I do not believe them to be so—for what good purpose are they now reproduced? Can one present the Life of M. de Bonneval as a model to military men? What has he achieved? He was brave—and where is the common soldier who is not so?—Is he to be considered as a friend to his native country? He abandoned it.—As a friend to his go- vernment? His whole life is but one con- tinued revolt.—As one who respected religion? He apostatised.—As attached to his friends and relations? He aban- doned them all.—As amiable, -and re- plete with gallantry? He himself acknow- ledges that he was neither, and apon my word he might have dispensed with the avowal. “ And, lo! here are two volumes swelled into an enormoug size with his life and adventures! And behold a com- mentator, who immerses the Count in the history of his own time, in the same manner as a Duke of Clarence was formerly drowned in a butt of Malmsey. This butt, indeed, was infinitely more suitable to M. de Bonneval, than those historical notes, so grossly mis- placed, by means of which M. Guyot Desherbiers contrived to overwhelm both his bashaw and his readers.”’ On some New Works——Do you love fantastical aud. mysterious adventures? Do you iike to meet with something in the first half’ dozen pages of a book, which is not to be explained until the end of a third volume? Do you imagine this to be a marvellous and yood way of exciting and supporting curiosity? Do you possess a decided taste for duels, forced marriages, and those headstrong passions, which would make a savage fancy, provided he had learned to read, and were to peruse some romances, that love, among civilised nations, was no- thing more or less than avsort of fury, an infernal degree of rage, which aay them ‘6s ‘thet capable of any atrocity?’ Do you think that a vengeance. coolly ripened, ‘and prepared during a period of twenty+ five vears, isa masterpiece of ima- ‘gination? Are you edified by be- holding robbers suddenly becoming vir- tuous and laborious? Do you like to read, without) knowing. what you are reading, until you have read the whole work? Is ita matter of indifference to spend two or three hours at a book, whence there results but one reflexion, that there are persons who waste a great deal of wit in proving that they do not possess comimon sense? In short, would you read a bad romance, which is not at all ill written? In that case, pray read L’'Urne dang le Vallée solitaire, the Urn in the solitary Valley. “Common sense is, however, still more common than some people think, and it js common sense which will at length produce a reform in taste. This is saying a great deal, but it will soon be proved, and is already proved in some stnall degree, by the success of Melanie de Réstange, a most excellent novel,:the production of Madame Ar- mande R*****, ~~ © As to the Memoirs of Mademoiselle de Montpensier, you may read them if you please, and I shall not prevent you; but you will there find so many useless de- tails; so many little passions animating great personages; so many long intrigues which lead to nothing; so many great _ mames connected with such trifling af- fairs ; so thuch importance attached to such silly stories, that, after having pe- rused the whole, you will at length dis- eover you'have learned nothing, and you will demand, like me, what is there in this werk proper to form the minds of young females, or to inspire them with a taste for virtue?” After mentioning a number of other prose works, the author takes a review of modern French poetry; and laments, that no period was ever so favourable ‘to, or produced so few, fine verses, “ But,’ adds he, “if the Muses lan- guished amidst ruins, they ought now to rejoice amidst the glorious trophies pro- duced by vietory, Already twa fine Odes have signalized the present epoch; the one written in Latin by M. Roémers ; the other in’ French, by M. d’Avrigny: both are yeplete with genius and enthusiasm. - The two following short passages have been selected as a specimen : S* Les Destins ont parlé, tout ctde a leur iSsance 5 ‘ Retrospect of French Lite ature—Miscellanies. Et, plus grand chaque jour, le héros de Ia France S’éléve triomphant des plus fiers potentats: Sous leur choc s’affermit son immortel em- pire 5 t Et de tant d’ennemls armés pour le détruirey Les torrens dissipés s*ecoulent sous ses pas. «¢ Mais quel dieu tout-& coup 4 la terre m’enléve, Sur les ailes des vents avec lui je m’éléve, Et le rivage au loin fuit mon eil éperdu. Cette ville, est Calais: ce roc fameux, est Douvre : ; Ce fleuve, la Tamise ; et la nuit qui me couvre Me cache en vain les murs ov je suis descendu. pry ea la ee wa ope er vedanta te ‘* Tandis que des tombeaux* je parcours l¢ silence, Dans cette nuit lugubre, a mes regards s’a- vance De guerricrs chargés d’ans un cortége pieux. A leur téte est leur roi, le front couvert d’al- larmes: Il gémit ; et son cil obscurci par les larmes, Semble errer sur la pierre od dorment ses aleux.” The following exaggerated panegyric is addressed to the Empress, on her retura from Germany: ' «©O! vous, Vornement et l'amour De I’Italie et de la France, Paris chante votre retour, Et Munich pleure-votre absence. D’un fils que suivent tous les veux, C’est la que, mére fortunée, Pour lui d’un illustre hymenée_ - Votre main forma les beaux neuds, Ah! combien la France attendrie Aime 4 voir cette main chérie, Qui du front sacré d’un vainqueur Toujours maitre de la victoire, Essuyait la noble sueur, Au retour des champs de la gloire, Dans les jours plus doux de la paix, Des grandeurs oubliant les charmes, Parmi nous essuyer les Jarmes Du pauvre, heureux par vos bienfaits ! O! des Graces touchante image ! De ces vers ot ma faible voix Osa célébrer-tant d’exploits, : C’est a vous qu’appartient ]’hommage, ! Oui, tandis que nos ennemis Tombaient sous un bras invincible, Vers vous an charme irrésistible Entrainait taus les ceurs soumis. - Dun héros auguste compagne 3; ; Des malheureus auguste appul, Par d’autres armes, comme lui, Vous avez conquis PAllemagne.” * The poet here supposes himself at West- minster Abbey. y « Sur Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. * Sur les Vignobles de Tokay.”—An Account of the Vineyards of Tokay. ‘Yhe celebrated vineyards of Tokay have been described with great care and, precision, by an inhabitant of the vici- ity, in a little work, the title of which is: “ Notitia Historica, poetica, cecono- mica Montium Vineferorum comitatus Zemplin, Auctore Ant. Szirmay de Szir- ma,a Kaschan 1698.” The rising grounds, or hills, appertaining to the Count de Zemplin, forma small chain, in front of the Carpathian mountains. These are designated by the Hungarians, under the name of Hegyn-Allya, which signitiesthe foot uf the mountain, and the hill of Ma- gorhegy obviously appears to have been volcanic, for it presents a crater, sur- rounded by lava. It is on a stratum of basaltes, ina state of decomposition, that the cele- ~ brated vines of Tallya-Mada, Tolesma, Liska, Terrazal, &c. usually known by the appellation of the vineyards of Tokay, are prodnced ; a preference, however, is given to those of Tallya and Trazal. The whole canton, or district, produces, one year with another, 240,000 eimers, aimea- sure which, in this part of Hungary, is equivalent to five decalitres, six-litres, and 89 cent litres, according to the new French calculation. One might be tempted to consider the vines of Tokay as the remnant of those planted in Illyria by the Romans; but the author just alluded to asserts, that it was Bela LV. who first consecrated this fertile district to the God Bacchus, This king, in 1241, taking advantage of the first moments of repose, which the discontinuance of the war allowed him, obtained from Italy, by the way of Ve- nice, beth plants and vine-dressers. As acertain species of vrape is still called, at Tokay, the Foryint, it has been ime-- _ gined by some, that these were the vine- yards of Formi, so much celebrated by Torace. Another species is supposed to have descended from the plants which the Venetians brought from Malvoisia, in the Morea. The grapes of Tokay, however, had no manner of occasion for nobility of ori- gin, as they have acquired the nobility of merit. During the celebrated council of Wrent, the Prelates of Italy were all vaunt- ing the wines of their own country. George Drascowich, Archbishop of Co- boeza, on this assured them, that Hun- gary excelled them all in that article. fvery one deemed this position hetero- dox ; but the good arehbishop having ore 659 dered some wine to be brought from Tallya-Mada, they were immediately con- vinced of their error. The Pope himself, on tasting it, de- clared its pre-eminence in 1562, accord- ing to M. de Skirmay. It was not, how- ever, until the year 1650, that the Hun- garians discovered the new method, to which the superior excellency of their wine has been attributed. ‘This method is founded chiefly on the observation made by them, that_those grapes which possess most of the saccharine principle, begin to ripen before the rest, or, in other words, crystallize, by means of the rays of the sun, while they at the same time become spoiled by the least humidity. Great care is therefore taken to select, and gather with precaution, those grapes that are first ripe, whence they extract an essence similar to honey in taste, and treacle in consistency. It is by mingling this essence with the ordinary wine of the canton, that they produce the real Tokay, of which there are two sorts: the one called the Aus- bruch, and the other the Nachlass. The former of these is sold by antals, the lat- ter by barrels, each of which contains two antals. In the masklass, there is just twice as much of the ordinary wine, with the same quantity of essence, as in the ausbruch. The vegetable gold, which is pretended to have been found in soma of the Tokay grapes, is nothing’ more than the little egg of an insect, around which the juice of the grape crystallises, and has assumed a golden colour, This observation, made by M. de Szirmay, does not, however, refute the assertion relative to the existence of gold in cer- tain invisible portions, in certain vegeta- bles, this fact having been demon-' strated by several experiments, quoted in Chaptal’s’ Elements of Chemistry, tom. iil. p. 401. “ Tableaux de Constantinople.”—A De- scription of Constantinople, by Frepsric’ Murwarp. This traveller, who is a Hessian by birth, gives the following account of the Bazar of Constantinople: This market is one of the richest in the East, and no foreigner ever leaves Perau without having visited it: but it is not one visit that can convey the least idea of its magnificence. The principal’ part is composed of large stone edifices, adorned with corridors and colonnades ; some of these have stone, others wooden ceilings, while a few are covered with simple foliage, These arcades receive the 660 the light by means of windows, pierced* through the upper part of the edifice, On both sides are to be met with rows of shops, some dug as it were out of the walls, while others project beyond it, Four immense streets, all similar to one another, are distinguished, by the solidity of their edifices, as well as by. the rich- ness of the merchandize displayed there. These are crossed in every direction, by 2 number of alleys, in which the shops are uncovered. What brings a great concourse of peo- ple into the Bazaz, 1s the consideration, that there they will find shelter from the heat, as the passenger can always walk in the shade. In short, it is of itself a little universe, where traffic, under every pos- sible form, animates all hands, and all heads. Let us enter this sphere of hu- man activity—one is instantly stunned with the confused noise, and nearly sti- fled by the exhausting heat, occasioned by the crowd. To the right and left, those who seil invite customers; they ehaffer, bargain, exchange commodities— one sentiment alone, that of sordid ava- rice, animates every feature, and agitates every limb. To what a multitude of temptations are the passengers subjected! there is not a single natural or factitious passion which may not be gratified; not a taste, or a ca- price, which cannot be satisfied. Every thing that the imagination of the Orien- tals has invented: to vary or multiply en- joyments, to awaken desires, to convert life into an enchanting and perpetual dream, is to be found assembled under these innumerable arcades. In short, the Bazar is to the eastern nations, what the theatres seem to be for the great capitals of Europe. It is a very lively pleasure, the repetition of which never produces satiety, while one of the enjoyments which they promise in their paradise is the spectacle of a Bazar, still more mag- niicent than any that is to be found on the face of the earth. , Througbout the whole of the East, the -shops which contain the merchandizes of the same species, are all ranged by the side of each other, and consequently there are whole streets consecrated to the same branch of industry. Those of the jewellers, for instance, present a dsplay of riches; valued at several mil- hons of livres. Here are rubies, eme- ralds, topazes—the eye is dazzled with so much magnificence, the stranger .sup- poses himself suddenly transferred to a palace of fairies! Here are suspended Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies, rings of an immense price, ear-rings, bracelets, which vie with each other in point of elegance—there are girdles, caf= tans, turbans, feathers, head-dresses, alk strewed over with precious stones—a lit- tle further on, you behold sabres, pistols, bridles, and harness, ornamented with dia- monds, The quarter occupied by the goldsmiths is no less calculated to gratify the imagi« Nation; and one cannot too much admire the excellency of the eastern nations in this elegant branch of human. industry. If the Europeans surpass them in the art of polishing, and setting diamonds, ‘the others equal them,at least,in respect to the precious metals. Their trinkets are in- deed all formed according to the eastern taste, but the delicacy of the ornaments, the perfection of their carving, the nice- ness of their finishing, the elegant pat~ terns of their figure-works, are-well cal- culated to confer pleasure, _ One is asto- nished, above all, at the prodigious quan- tity of arms, adorned with both gold and silver, which seem sufficient for the mili- tary accoutrements of whole battalions, and squadrons of guards, destined to escort all the courts of Europe; at the prodigious heaps of the indestructible blades from Damascus and Cairo, and of the master-pieces, hoth im steel and bronze, varied as it were to infinity, in their forms and objects. A neighbouring alley presents another kind of spectacle. There you wiil be- hold a long line of counters, where the monies appertaining to every portion of the commercial world, are changed: this is the grand resort of the Armenians and Greeks, who are chiefly engaged in that species of traflic. As the necessary mea sures are taken to guard against both thieves and fire, immense sums are heaped up here; and even the most opu- lent Turks deposit their money in. ses curity, under the protection of these bankers, In another portion of the Bazar, are displayed under vast colonnades, the most precious cloths and tissues, both of Asia, and of Europe. Here are also to Le found, the gold and silver stuffs of Aleppo, and Cairo; together with the shawls of Persia and Hindostan, em- broidered with pearls and silk; the bro- cades of Lyons, the muslins of England, the fine cotton cloaks of Tunis, the li- nens of Holland, the damask of Venice, the velvetsot Europe,the tapestry of Egypt and of Mesopotamia, the gold and silver lace of Provence, the woollens of Angora, together Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. together with the productions of the Turks and Greeks: in a word, what- ever the most varied luxury could pre- sent or conceive, as most elegant, or most curious, in point of apparel. The quarter inhabited by those who deal in peltry, is replete with the pro- ductions of Russia and Siberia. The immensity of these supplies may be easily conceived, when it is recollected that all the Orientals make more or less use of furs, and that a large portion both of Asia and Africa are supplied from thence. Here are to be found pelisses for both sexes, and all conditions; skins of martins, black and yellow foxes, ermines, lambs and rabbits; in one word, furs of every kind, and of every colour, The same variety, tlie same profusion, is to be seen in the galleries of the con~ fectioners. The talents of the French and Italians have been greatly vaunted in this branch of trade; but those who have visited Constantinople, must adjudge the prize to the Orientals. Here is to be found an innumerable quantity of preserved fruits, essences, extracts and pastes, the greater part of which are totally unknown in Europe; and the whole is ranged with so much order, and elegance, that it is extremely difficult to avoid temptation. Indeed, as commo- dities of this kind are to be had of all prices, there is no one even among the common people, who do not pay a little tribute here, as they pass along. In another portion of the market, the trade of the grocer is announced from a great distance, by the odour and grate- ful vapours which are exhaled. This is the common magazine of all the vege- table riches of India, Arabia, aud Ame- rica, Qn approaching towards the gate, the Bazar seems to be lost in the streets of the lower city. The stone arcades have ceased, the ground is no longer paved, and here and there are to be found wooden bridges. A new aspect is sud- denly assumed, but it is neither flattering to the sight, nor to. the smell; it is here that the butchers reside. A little further on is the fish-emarket, but as pestilential vapours constantly ascend from this quarter, it is impossible for delicate or- aus to remain any time here, in order to earn the long nomenclature of sea, and river fish ; which the lower orders of the people purchase and devour on the spot. The shoemakers’ shops, in this neigh- bourhood, are worthy of being viewed. One is at first surprised both by their im- 661 mensity, and the activity which reigns throughout them, It appears surprising, how so many of the same profession-are able to find employment, even in this great city; but the corporation of cord- wainers 1s not oaly more honoured here, than in Europe, but their workmanship is sO curious, that it seems to appertain to a science, rather than to a trade. Besides, there is nothing so diversified, or so elegant, as the shoes of the Orientals, for it constitutes one essential article of their luxury. Many of those destined for the ladies, are most magnificently adorned with pearls and jewels, while a great number are ornamented with gold and silver. They may be had of all co- lours, except green, which is sacred among the Mussulmans, and would be profaned by the touch of a human foot, - The taylors also, have a particular spot allotted to them, and display a grand assortment of oriental garments. The places too, where silk and cotton are spun, merit particular attention, ‘The engines made use of on those occasions, are coarse and despicable in the extreme, for in a country where none is sure of enjoying his property in peace and secu» rity, who would put himself to any uone- cessary expence? The whole of a narrow lane is occupied with works of literature, and there you may find Persian, Tartarian, and Arabie works in folio, and in quarto, beaped 'to- gether on tables: but night now ap- proaches, and the Bazar is lighted up in the Oriental manner, by millions of lan= thorns and lamps, which shed a brilliant artificial light, and astonish the traveller, by the splendour of the spectacle. “ Varietés, &c,”—Varieties, or Mis- cellaneous Papers. 1. A description of the Medals in the Museum Knobelsdorf- fianum, by M. Srsrinz.” ' The Baron de Knobelsdorff, during his residence as ambassador at the Ottoman Porte, collected a great number of coins, which he carried with him, at the con- clusion of his diplomatic career, to Ber- lin, where he built a museum for their reception, Sestini, well known for his numismat- tic erudition, having applied to him for permission to describe some of the most scarce and valuable of his coins, this was readily granted. Accordingly, out of 18,000 Grecian ones, he has here select- ed, and presented an account of 1720, which he has arranged geographically, Ile begins northward with the Tauri- ‘dian, Chersonesian, Meesian, Thracian, and - ' 662 - > and Macedonian, whence he proceeds to enumerate such as have been produced in Greece, and the Peleponnesus; the Archipelago, and Asia Minor. This work is accompanied with plates, in which the coins are beautifully en- graved. Lhe ancient Coins of Capua.— Francesco Daniele, having been enabled, after much labour and research, to collect seventeen Capuan coins, all of therm of bronze, here undertakes to give a de- scription of them. Among these, we have heads of Jupiter, Diana, and Her- cules, all of whichare well engraved, and printed with red ink. Each is accom- panied by a commentary, elucidating the subject ; but the two veiled figures have hitherto eluded the conjectures of the antiquaries. Madame de Staal.—Tbis lady, who so much distinguished herself by literary talents, was a native of Paris. Her father, M. de Launai, was a painter, and appears to have been obliged to repair to England, in order to practise his art, and he remained there for many years. But as her mother was unable to accus- tom herself to the changeable climate of our island, she soon returned, and was delivered of Mademoiselle de Launai. Being destitute, not only of fortune, but even of the means of existence, the un- happy mother deemed herself lucky in bemg admitted, without paying for her board, into the convent of St. Louis, at Rouen, during the two first years of her daughter’s life, and whiie the latter was put out to nurse. : that period, she became a prey to misery, in conseguence: of her fears relative to the future lot of her child, but Madame de Grieu, the abbess of the convent, where she resided, dissipated her chagrin, by promising to adopt and educate the child, Mademoiselle de Launai accordingly received an education far beyond what she hadsany right to expect: “ What bas occurred to;me,” says the lady herself, «4s entirely different to what occurs in romances ;jur you always find there, that the heroine, a!though educated only as a simple shepherdess, proves in the end to bé-an illustrious princess., I, on the gther hand, was always treated during ‘my infancy asa person of distinction, and ‘at jength, discovered, not onl that I was nobody, but even that nothing apper- tained to me. My. mind, therefore, never having taken that particular direc- tion, which bad fortune always necessa- 4 On the expiration of - Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. rily superinduces, has constantly resisted that humiliation, and inferiority, to which it has been ever subjected. In truth, it appears, that the early education of Mademoiselle de Launat, was attended to, with the most scrupu- lous exactness. Masters of every kind were provided for her, and the utmost care bestowed, in.order to render her in- telligent and accomplished. But just at that period, when she had attained the proper aye to demonstrate her gratitude, and reap profit from her talents, her be+ nefactress died, and she was reduced all at once to extreme poverty. On this occasion, she addressed herself to the celebrated Abbe Vertot, to whom she communicated her misfortunes, and as she happened to mention in her let- ter, ‘that she could call: nothing her own, but the air she breathed,” he imme- diately transmitted her’a bill of exchange for fifty pistoles. She determined, how- ever, to refuse this generous present, as - the repayment of such a sum appeared impossible; the money was accordingly returned, Mademoiselle de L. now repaired to Paris, in quest of employment, and at last obtained a situation about the per- son of a lady of quality,* by means of her elder sister, who was femme de chambre to Madame la Duchesse de Ferté. The account of her life, which is drawn up by herself, contains a variety of laughable details, relative to the women of rank, at the court of France. Nor does she spare herself, for the author is described as uncommonly ignorant of all the little affairs required from her situation, such as dressing up a shift, providing rouge, &c. &e. Having overturned a box filled with hair-powder, in consequence of taking it by the lid, she was desired to “ take every thing by the bottom ;” but applying this rule, somewhat too gene- rally, she adopted it in respect to a purse, in consequence of which, about an hun- dred dowis d’ors, were strewed over the floor, This young lady was at length drawn from obscurity, in consequence of a sin- gular adventure. A yourg woman, who pretended to -he possessed, attracted the notice of all Paris; and the celebrated M. de Fontenelle, happened to be among the number, who visited her. This cir- cumstance produced a charining letter -on the part of Mademoiselle de Launai, which was read and praised in all the * ‘Lhe Duchess de Maine. — fashionable _ Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellames. fashionable circles. The Duchess of Maine, in particular, was enchanted with it, and as this princess was the declared protectress of talents, her waiting-woman became her friend and confidant. This degree of favour proved singularly unfortunate for Mademoiselle de Launai, as she was comprehended, according to the horrible system of that day, in the dis- grace of tae Duchess, and sent to the Bastile, under pretext that she had been her accomplice in some political in- trigues. “ After having passed over some draw- bridges, and been saluted with the noise made By the chains, the barmony of which did not prove of the most agree- able cast, I was conducted to a large chamber, where I saw nothing but the four walls, which were very dirty, and appeared to be scrawled over with char- ’ coal, in order to amuse the leisure of my predecessors. It was so entirely destitute of moveables, that a jailor went out to search for a |ittle chair, in which I was to sit, and he at the saine time brought in a couple of stones, to support a faggot, which he lighted. A small bit of candle having been stuck against the wall, my governor, after having procured me all these comforts, retired. “ Tsoon heard five or six locks double- bolted upon me.” At the end of two years detention, this young lady at length obtained her liberty, ° and wished to become a nun; but the Duchess de Maine, who opposed the pro- position, married her to M. de Staal, then a lieutenant in the Swiss guards, and afterwards a major-general in the army. From that moment, she became dame @honneur to the duchess, dined at the same table, and rode in the same carriage. Here her memoirs conclude, and we only know that she died in June, 1750, at about fifty-one, or fifty-two years of age. Sur M. VAbbé de Voisenon.—M. de Voisenon, being the youngest son of a great family, and a sorry little crea- ture in point of person, there was some difficulty in knowing what to do with him, Accordingly, on thi*; as in similar cases, it was determined &? educate him for the church, and like others, so predes- tined, he prepared himself for theological studies, by reading Terence, Virgil, and Horace. These soon determined his avocation; but as they did not hold out avy promises of subsistence, that is to Moxautry MaAc., No. 180, 663 say of good fat livings, he became a priest, in order to be sure of an abbey. In the mean time, his patron, and model, was the Abbé de Chaulieu. Scarcely had he announced himself to the world, by the commission of a few wild pranks, when he fell sick. This furnished a fine opportunity to his great relations, and the ancient friend of his family, to bring M. de Voisenon to his senses, perhaps to convert a man of the world into a saint, and consequently to make him a saint-bishop at court! Be- hold him accordingly carefully attended, caressed, conciliated; preached a little to, indeed, and in ashort time so wearied out with attention and good advice, that by way of conclusion, he frankly and openly acknowledged his sins, for the benefit of general edification. Ile had hitherto conducted himself with frankness, but having a great terror, re- specting the article of death, this always produced a certain degree of horror, which continually pierced through that gaiety, with which he affected to talk of it, At length being recoveyed, and the demon of the flesh having once more got the better of him, be no longer dreamed of becoming a bishop, unless it was the bishop of Mount Rouge, where the Dyke de la Valliere resided; and where he lived with a certain degree of intemperance common to many of the grandees of his day. Accordingly, when Voltaire wrote to the Abbé de Voisenon, he scarcely ever gynitted to term him the very amiable, and very unworthy priest, an equivocal kind of compliment, but which was ac- tually intended as a real one. | This epithet, however, is not applicable to the Abbé de Voisenon, in any point of view ; for with abundance of wit and talent, he had rather inclination to, than taste for pleasure; he was too fecble to have any passions, and not having any firmness of character, he did not know how to sup- port the scandal that he. produced. He accordingly seemed greatly astonished at occasioving it, and was accustomed to say to those who were on the watch to joke him about M. de FPavart, to whose’ wife he was rather partial : ** Vous autres gens de peu d’etofte, Er moins encore de vertu,” Prenez Favart pour un cocu; Ce n’est pourtant qu’un philosophe.”” At length the. Abbé once more. fell sick; but the memory of this latter ma- lady affected him deeply during the 4Q whole 664 whole of his life, and at the same time, afiorded him continual consolation. He now ‘confessed to a priest in due form, and while speaking of this event,-he was always accustorned to say, “ that it was hot trifles alone, thathe owned.” “ Vhe ease indeed,” added he, “ was'so black, that my confessor refused me absolution, and he informed me, that he would ne- ver coisent to grant me it, unless [ en- gaged to distribute to the poor, as many years value of my Jivings, asI had passed without having recited my breviary :” “¢¢ Dans mon impieté Récité mon bréviaire Ni par Ja charite Remplacé la priere.” In short the Abbé de Voisenon affirm- ed, that his absolution was to cost him two-thousand crowns, which his confes- sor was to distribute for him among the poor; and, in addition to this, he was to repeat his breviary every morning, with- out once omitting it. The rigour of such a sentence, penetrated the man of wit, with due respect for it. He submitted, and although he lost much, yet he ‘thought he should beable to regain more: accordingly, during the whole course of the remainder of his life, he never once forgot his breviary, If the Duke car- tied him to Mont Rouge to supper, his old lacquey never omitted to say to ‘the valet, “is Monsieur J*Abbé’s brevi- ary placed along with his night-cap.” No one can be ignorant, that Favart his wife, and the Abbé de Voisenon, lived together, and were the parents of Gertrude de Anglais, &e. But the au- thor of La Chercheuse d’ Esprit had vie- ver sought but liow to live; he was cyni- eal, and although he possessed talents, he yet: disdained every species of repu- tation. This was very convement for the Abbé, ‘who, being himself enchanted with Madame de Favart, -had contrived in his turn, to bewitch her so completely, as to induce the lady to adopt some of his ideas, and all his scruples. In fine, ‘when any one ‘becume familiar in the house, the following Gomedy was always played in his ‘presence. On making a Morning’s visit, the friend wrs told, * that Monsieur and Madame were not yet stirring;” but on telling the femme de chambre ‘that he was: expected,” tne door instantly flew open, and they were seen in bed together, tlie Abbé constant- ly holding a large book in his hands. “Ha!” says the acquaintance (pro- vided it was the first visit), ‘ what are you doing together there !” 2 - Retrospect of French Literature—Miscelianiés. “ We are praying,” replics the Abbé, © Yes,” adds Madame de Favart in a droll manner, “ we are repeating our breviary, come let us finish M. Abbé, for it is getting late, and it is proper we should be rising, proceed.” ‘The priest accordingly continued the service, and the lady replied “ Amen,” as before. (This and the next article afford a. shocking picture of fashionable French manners, during the monarchy.) The Ablé Alégre.—This Abbé was one of the admirers of the Duchess of Maine, who received none at her seat called Sceaux, but either her courtiers or ado- rers. A single word from the rhouth of Fontenelle will convey a perfect idea of this court, and of its sovereign. © Ile cal- led all those (galeriens) Galley-Slaves, who passed for either the friends or the lovers of this Duchess, and was accus- tomed to say, “ that he himself was for a moment in this galley, whence he soon found means to extricate himself.” - As tothe Abbé Albgre, he was a priest, a sloven, aman of wit, more conversant. in intrigues than the gospel, and far from being amiable. It was his for- tune, good or bad, to become passion- ately enamoured with Mademoiselle Pro- vost, 2 celebrated dancer at the Opera- house, and much in vogue among the young men of fashion of that day. He began first by supping with her, and then gave her entertainments in his turn, to which she did not fail to invite her other ‘lovers, having full asmuch respect for the temptations,is the pretensions, of the Abbé d’Alegre. It may be necessary here to observe; that thislady was at ornee debauched,and coarse in her manners and enjoyments 5 notwithstanding this and her profession, since she had acquired some reputation, she failed not attimes, to talk of * the good principles, with which Madame her mo- ther had inspired her, during her infan- cy ;” and when the Abbé pressed his suit, she was accustomed to exelaim * Fil done M. PAbbé, vous n’y peusez pas! un pre- tral? < i An event oecurred, however, that ren- dered her more compliant. The father of Mademoiselle Provost died suddenly, and she of course’ was greatly afilicted. But her sorrow was without bounds, when her’ mother, Who had been brought up in the choir of the Opera-house, atid tiow appertained to the choir of ber parish, announced to her dear daughter, “that Monsiewr son Pere had died without confession, and without es the Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. the sacrament, exactly as if he had been a dog!” What a misfortune! what a shame to the family! [t would require many good masses, to obtain mercy, and Madeinoi- selle, quite ailrighted, immediately pro- cured fifty louis dors, which she confided to her mother, expressly for this pur- pose. Tt may be readily supposed that the Abbé d’Alévre did not fail to appear very sorrowful, and to be anxious at the same time to do every thing in his pow- er to console Mademoiselle Provost. She was in tears—this therefore was a fine opportunity for the sighs of the amorous priest; she frankly related to him the eause of her chagrin, and affliction -- and she allowed that she might have been ‘consoled, provided her father had but died like a christian, but he had departed like a dog! Her glory was affected, and her reputation tarnished by the cunsider- aun that he had gone off without cere- mony.” «Tf T esteemed you less,” replied the Abbé, “I should perhaps, condescend to bestow that species of consolation, which 3s at once false and dangerous, As for yourself, you surely have not any thing to repreach yourself with, neither in the face of God, nor of man, for you - have bestowed filty louisdors on purpose to recommend the soul of your deceased father to the protection and good offices of the church—this is at once generous, ‘and laudable! But what must you think when I tell you, that the most innocent use which will be made of at least one half of these fiftv louis, will be for the inferior clergy of the parish, to puy their gossips to dine with them, and not to soy prayers 2 And what will you say, if théy should give the other haif of your fifty louis to Irish priests, who live by masses, and even swallow them whole, without attending to what they eat? You must easily comprehend that it is not the same sacrifice when it is perform- ed gratuitously by aman of my rank, for example, or by a low hired priest!” “] most readily believe it,” replied Mademoiselle Provust. Heaven is not to be cheated in that manner! but will you yourself, Monsieur l’Abbé, conde- scend to say a few masses for the soul of my poor father? «{ will undertake it, but T cannot promise to save your father, if you will not undertake to damn me, it is absolute- ly necessary that the Devil should have <@.ne one, and it must be either of us 665 two. Mean time, Iam ready to answer to Heaven for him, and i shall endea- vour to make up my ewn affair with the Devil, the best way F can.” Lhe Abbe Barthelemy.—Having men- tioned two bad Abbés, we now come to a third, who happens to be a good one. The Abbé Barthelemy was a native of Provence, and studied at the College of the Oratory, at Marseilles. After having addicted himself for a considér- able time, to the study of the Greek and Latin Jauguages, he learned Arabic. His literary attainments at length ena~ bled him to examine the manuscripts of the celebrated Pieresc, at Aix, a learn- ed man, whose knowledge was to the full, as universal and formidable, as that of the celebrated John Picus de la Mi- randola, M. de Boze, curator and secretary to the Academy of Inscriptions, and Belles Letires, and also keeper of the ‘king’s medals, invited the Abbé Barthelemy to Paris, in 1744, and obtained for him a place, as his assistant. Ele next succeed- ed M. Burette of the Academy of In- scriptions, and after labouring during seven years at the catalogue of the Cabi- net of Medals, be had the office of M. de Boze, also conferred on him. The collection, although already con- sidered as famous, had then no more than twenty thousand medals, at that pe- riod appertaining to it; but the new keep- er soon enriched it in the sales of MM. Cary, Cleves, and Emery, as well by the acquisition of the collection of M. Pellerin, that M. Pellerin, who but twen- ty years since, spoke with such freshness of memory of M, de Yorcy, minister for foreign atfairs, to whom he had been se- cretary: and talked with the utmost fa- cility of the reizn of Louis XIV. one half of which had been witnessed by him- self. This good and respectable man had been a long time Intendant of the southern ports, which gave him consi- derable influence over the French consu!s in the Levant, and thus the king’s ser- vants were employed in searching through- out Greece and Asia, for medals, con- cerning which his Majesty (Louis XV.) did not care a farthing. After half a century of labour, correspondence, and the exercise of that power, which he never employed but in order to obtain medals, he continued to procure a most curious and valuable collection of them. To his literary places, Barthelemy did not add any court employments: he however ' 666, however, accepted the office of friend to the Duke de Choiseul, who, on account of the inconstancy of his taste, and the lightness of his manners, often became very dull ; but he had accepted this, part- ly on account of his hearty attachment for Madame de Choiseul, and partly to induce her husband, to lay out that money in medals which he would have preferred to throw out of the window! He accordingly succeeded in encreasing the royal collection, to 40,000. The memoirs written for the Academy of Inscriptions, had conferred a high re- putation on him, among the learned, be- fore he became known to the public. The Abbé regretted greatly, that men of the world were not enabled to cull the flowers of literature and _ philosophy, without turning over the enormous com- pilations of Grevius, and Gronovius, &c. and he earnestly wished to remove this common pretext for ignorance. Tt was accordingly from that very lauda- ble motive, that he undertook a course of Grecian literature ; and, in order to remove every thing that savoured of pedantry ; he made Anacharsis undertake a journey thither, at the most brilliant epoch of that classical country. The idea was a good one: Xenophon had already made Cyrus. travel, and Voltaire was obliged also to send Candide on a mission; but Anacharsis was not so rapid in his pro- ceedings, nor did he go in search of Made- moiselle Cunégonde. Anacharsis, how- ever, converses with Aspasia and with the philosophers, he visits every thing memorable, he beholds every thing worthy of being seen; in short, it is a most ex- cellent work, and one of which, without a single equal, there have been many vile imitations. Mirabeau: a fragment.—Gabriel Ho- noré Riquetti de Mirabeau, was the eldest son of Victor Riquetti, marquis of Mira- beau, by Marie Genevieve de Valsan, widow of the Marquis de Sauvebceuf. He was one of the ablest, most witty, most eloquent, and most dishonest men of his age. While in Prussia, by corrupting the clerks and other subalterns in office, he obtained intelligence which the French ministry did not make proper use of. Ie at the same time intrigued to prevent the invasion of Holland by the Prussian troops, who protected the Stadtholderian government with their bayonets, when it was shaken by an internal commotion, which was put an end to, by a species of military comedy. Retrospect of French Literature—INiscellanies. Among other papers, he had procured a statistical account of Germany, in the vernacular language of that country ; the only difficulty was how to translate it, but it was his favourite maxim, * qu’on faisoit ce qu’on vouloit,” that a man might do whatever he pleased. On this occasion, he gavea proof of the excel- lence of his own rule, and by means of a Fréich secretary who was unacquainted with German, and a German valet de chambre who did not understand French, added to the assistance derived from his dictionary, he found means to obtain the particulars of this state paper, a copy of which he sent to Louis XVI. ‘This pre- cious manuscript is said to be at this moment in the possession of his friend Talleyrand Perigord, formerly bishop of Autun, and at present minister of foreign relations, and a prince of the empire. Mirabeau presented William, on his elevation to the throne, with a letter containing lessons of the most sublime politics and sound morality. But having become the focus of intrigues, he received an order to depart in the course of twen- ty-fowr hours. Mirabeau, on his return from Prussia, attacked the reputation of Necker, who had established a high character by means of an eulogy on Colbert, since said to have been composed by Thomas. He opposed figures to declamation, and exhi- bited the ignorance not only in politics but in arithmetic of this man, who mis- took character for talent, whom the finan- ciers have called a wit, and the wits a financier. Mirabeau’s Refutation, may be seen in his Letters to Lecretelle and Cerutti. In the dedication of kis work De la Monarchie Prussienne,” published in 1788, and inscribed to his father, he thus speaks of it, and of himself: “I have endeavoured to treat on those subjects only on which it is necessary that the public opinion should be fixed. In their discussion, 1 have neither exhibited weak- ness nor prejudice. I have forgotten that accident made me noble, that cir- cumstances have made me poor, that a long series of misfortunes seems to have made me dependaut. I have shaken off these chains. I have imposed the Jaw on myself to depend solely on reason and on justice, and I have had the good fortune to experience that this disposition alone suffices to give some consequence and some glory.” DL’ Histoire secrette de la Cour de Ber= lin, by detecting the intrigues and cor- ruptions Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. ruptions of the great, made his own eourt shudder with rage; authority as usual, was opposed to genius; the parliament condemned both the work and the author, but he remained unpunished. On the convocation of the nobles, Mi- rabeau said ‘“‘ Je m’honnorerois d’etre le secretaire de cette grande Assemblée.” In his * Observations sur la maison de force, appeiée Bicétre,” he drew up a luminous theory of penal legislation; in his “ Counseils a un jeune Prince,” he is remarked for his precision, the profound- ness of his ideas, and the tone of dignity with which he conveys his precepts. When he repaired to Provence, he found he had no chance to be returned a deputy for the nobles; his propercy was small, and his interest, which was entirely personal, was overborne by the great land-owners. He was, however, more fortunate among the plebeians. than the noblesse, and was accordingly elected for the two communes of Aix and Marseilles. In the latter city there was a great coin- motion at that time, in consequence of a factitious scarcity of corn: this is said, with more asperity than justice, to have been a snare laid by the court both for the inhabitants and Mirabeau. The lat- ter perceiving, or thinkiug’he perceived this, pleaded before the administrators the cause of the people, and before the people that of the laws. The scarcity ceased, and he was carried about in triumph. He sat in the National Assembly in the 39th year of his age, and soon developed the immensity of his talents and his la- bours, together with an extraordinary knowledge both of men and_ things, Those who wish to become acquainted with his eloquence, must consult his Ora- tions, since published in 5 vols. 8vo. The principal epochs during which he distinguished himself as a legislator were, on the insurrection, and disarming of the troops—the organisation of the national uard—the union of the three orders —the resistance to arbitrary power, so admirably expressed in his reply to the threat of an officer of the crown—the an- nibilation of distinctions, privileges, and feudal rights—the guarantee of the pub- lic debt—the sale of the property of the clergy—the reform of the -system of fi- nances—the liberty of the press, and the theatre. Mirabeau was not only forcible in his expressions, but his head, his concep- tions, his eloquence, his delivery, bis gesture, his voice, his physiognomy, all 667 bore the character of genius. The na- tion in his time did not, indeed, declare itself a republic, but much was achieved by his dragying into open day that ancient mass of ,prejudices which had endured for fourteen centuries, and which at length buried in their ruins those Samsons who supported them. ; Mirabeau, after shining with meridian splendour, became at last stationary and even retrograde in his political career; for clouds, raised by himself, gathered about, and obscured his disk. The court ¢ accused him of being the author of the insurrection of the 5th of October; the popular party, on the other hand, accused hirn of intriguing with the court; and, strange to tell, both of these contradic- tory accusations appear to have been founded: this seeming enigma may how- ever be solved by recurring to his cha- racter and principles. Tle wished fora revolution, but it was in order to procure his own advancement, and from circum- stances rather than principles, proposed that it ought to be monarchical. How- ever, even in the tribune, he seemed to acknowledge, that if occurrences per- mitted, the people should aspire to what he was pleased to term the height of their destiny.* Had every thing been ripe, and the nation prepared for a republic, he would doubtless have either become, or affected to be a republican, When Camille Desmoulins proposed that the natronal cockade should either be green, the symbol of hope, or blue, the colour adopted by the republicans, he exclaim- ed, ‘* The people in general do not pos- sess as yet spirit enough to wear the blue!” ‘Alluding to what might possibly happen, he was accustomed to say, “ Should such an event occur, much em- barrassment will ensue; I alone have the plan of a republic in my head, and I know how to make every thing succumb to it!” On another occasion, he darted a fierce look at Lameth, and said, *-To- morrow I intend to proclaim the repule * Nous sommes une nation vielle, sans doute trop vicille pour notre époque ; nous avons un gouvernement préexistant, un rot préexistant, des préjuyés préexistans 5 il jaut autant qu’il est possible, assortir toutes ces choses & Ja révolution, & sauver la soudaineté da passage. Il le faut jusqu’A ce qu’il résulte de cette tolerance une violation pratique des principes de la liberté nationale, une disso- nance absolue dans l’ordre social. Mais si Vancien ordre de choses et le nouveau laissent une lacune, il faut lever le voile @ marcher™” Collec. des Trav. 4 "Ass. Nat. tom. II. p. 148. lic; 668 lic; I shalt become the first consul, and will cause you to be hanged !” At this period there were two factions in France: one defended absolate mo- narchy; another was zealous for a con- stitution, in which the division of powers should be recognised. ‘The former had but one object, the aggrandisement of the first magistrate; the latter varied as to the means, for some of thena wished for a change of the dynasty, and Spain and England were both said to have had . their partisans. Mirabeau, by turns, leaned to all these different parties, and was at one and the same time accused of being an Oileanist, and a hired zealot for the court. Lt has even been stated and believed, that he received money from M. d’Eyalité, and Louis XVI. His friends, however, assert, that all these waverings proceeded from an ambitious mind, anxious to gratify itself; his sud- den wealth, however, gives but too fair an opportunity of charging him with the grossest corruption. In one of his secret conferences with the king, he concluded by giving his majesty some excellent ad- vice: “ Pursue honestly the path pointed out by the constitution, or prepare your- self for a fresh revolution.” The court imagined that Mirabeau was entirely gained over; he however ap- eared once more in the society of the hie and, after undergoing a severe scrutiny, protested that he was devoted to the public cause, and declared, “ that he would die a Jacobin.” He at length lost himself not only with the popular but monarchical party, by belonging entirely to, neither; both, there- fore, meditated his ruin, and accused each other with his death. It is still the opinion of some that he died of poison, and it has of late been asserted with confidence, that agua lophana was the fatal drug employed on this occasion. Of this, like other occult crimes, there is of course more of suspicion than proof, Eyen on his death-bed he appeared sublime, and the sayings of the last hours of his life are still interesting. ‘ The monarchy ought to mourn for me,” said he; “ for, on my death, the factions will tear it in pieces.” On his stomach re- fusing to perform its usual office, he ob- served prophetically, “ When the first functionary is bad, the whole system will soon be destroyed.” On the night of his demise, he received a deputation from the National Assembly; and having learn- ed that the debate of succession was the order of the day for the morrow, he an- Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. nounced a memoir of his own on that subject, and addéd, “ that it would be curious to hear aman against testaments, who had made his own testament the preceding evening.” Hie bequeathed all his works to the bishop of Autun, He was surrounded aud attended in his last moments by his friends Champfort, Tvochet, Lamark, Cabanis, and 'Yalleyrand. On this occa- sion he remarked, with an affectation of heroism, “ [t 1s pleasing to me to have lived fur the people; it is glorious to die in the midst of them !” Even his last moments were with writing; he seemed to wish for opium, to put an end to his tortures ; but recovering a little, he expressed him- self as if about to sleep.’ Dormiz.” was the last word traced by his pen. While telling those about him that his strength was greater than his hopes, he was seized with a convulsive pang, which forced from him a cry of anguish, and expired ! This happened on the 2d of April, 1791. On his death being announced to the National Assembly, a lung silence en- sued. The Jamentations of grief at length gave way to the language of the passions. “ We have lost him,” cried Malouet, “ at the very moment when he had returned to a love of order and of good princi- ples.” Liancourt reminded the deputies of his famous saying, * I shall combat, by turns, the factions of all parties.” Marat exclaimed, “ He was a patriot of a day, but he is no more!” Pastoret, in the name of the department, demanded the honours of the Pantheon. The thea- tres were shut, as in times of géneral calamity. The street in which he died received the appellation of rue de Mira- beau, and a magnificent funeral cere- mony took place, at the expence of the state, Cerutti pronounced the oration in the church of St. Eustacius. Many of the stern republicans condeinned this profusion of funeral pomp, and asked what more could be done for virtue? Petion refused to assist at the interment of a man gained by the court. By the care of his friend, General Carteaux, the celebrated Houdon was enabled after his death to model that bust in which Mirabeauw still breathes. Tt was his rival Barnave who started the idea of engraving upon his pedestal his celebrated answer to M. de Brezé :— “ Allez dire 4 ceux qui vous ont envoyé que nous sommes ici par la volonté du peuple, & que nous n’en sortirons que par la puissance des sama sic he ne occupied Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. fine arts were invoked to immortalise his person,*and a crowd of painters, sculptors, and engravers, reproduced it @n canvas, paper, and marble. The poets, ip their turn, were not idle. Chenier published an ode; Durot Cubieres a poem; and Vievre an epi- taph, “ Nouvelles Observations sur les A- beilles,” &c.—New Observations relative to Bees, addressed to M. Charles Bonnet, by Francis Husre, 1 vol. 12mo. M. Eluber, a native,—for we cannot now, as formerly, teri him a citizen, of Genevya,—has paid great attention to the natural history of the Bee, an: insect, which, although constantly under the eye and observation of man, has not as yet had its habits, its manners, and its ge- nius, sufficiently explained. In our own country, many able and curious persons have dedicated much time and attention to this branch of knowledge, but none of them, we believe, have been so- fortu- nate in the result of their speculations; although it is but fair to suppose, that the author of this little treatise has pro- fited by the discoveries of all his pre- decessors, and begun his experiments exactly where theirs tiad ended. In order to enable him to study this interesting animal with more attention, he himselt invented a leaf, or book-hive, which is so constructed as to’open and shut in the same manner as a volume. it consists of a combination of thin boxes, of a foot square, placed opposite each other, and connected together by means of hinges. Knowing from experience, that bees are ever ready to complete a comb in the precise direction in which they find it, he placed pieces of this material in every box, so as to induce them to pro- ceed in the work, in a line perpendicular to the horizon. This position enabled him to examine the surfaces of the combs at his leisure, after the colonies had been fairly sevtled, In the course of his correspondence with the author® of a work heretofore of some celebrity, intitled “ La Contempla- tion de Nature,” and also with the com- piler of a treatise on the Apiary, he in- sists at large on the impregnation of the queen bee. Notwithstanding the drones are all allowed to be males, it has been generally denied that any intercourse subsists between them and the sovereign of the hive, although this theory was ein, * M, Bonnet, 669 supported by the authority of Linnaeus himself. To put the matter to the test, M. Huber, in 1787 aud 1788, selected a number of queen bees, which he him- self knew to be in a virgin state, as he had been acquainted with their history trom the first moment of their formation. By attenuvely observing them, he at length discovered, that if confined within the walls of the hive they continue bar- ren. To ensure fertility, it becomes ne- cessary for the qneen to soar high in the air, where she receives the caresses of the male for the first time, and itis not a little remarkable, that this intercourse inevitably proves fatal to the jatter. He accounts for the multitude of drones, by pointing out the necessity of the queen’s being met by some of them, during her amorous excursion; for if this did not occur, she could not be fecua dated. Should no sinister event inter- vene, the queen begins to lay the eggs of the working bees forty-six hours after this intercourse, and she continues for the space of eleven months to lay these only; after the expiration of this period, the eggs of the drones are regularly pro= duced, But in case of a retarded fecuns dation, beyond the twentieth or twenty first day an imperfect impregnation takes place, and instead of disclosing the egos of the working bees and of drones equally, those of the males only are engendered. This disastrous event is made known to the careful observer by the appearance of the queen, whose body is shorter than common, while the extremity 1s also more slender than usual, and the two first rings near the thorax are swollen to an ancome- mon magnitude. We are told that a queen, in ordinary circumstances, lays at the rate of 50 eggs a-day, or perhaps 3000 within the space of two calendar months. In extraordis nary circumstances, such as we have als ready alluded to, a greater proportion of drones eggs than usual was laid; on this, after the expiration of some time, the working bees finding themselves overs whelmed ‘by the great disproportion of a class calculated to eat up their labours, abandoned the hive, atter having dis patched their unfortunate queen. We learn also, what had been indeed suggested by others before, that the workers. instead of being neutral, ave really of the female sex ; and that on the loss or extinction of the sovereign, grubs of workers may beuctually converted te queens; butthen, to enable'them ‘to a& tain the necessary size, and develope the organs 670 ergans of generation, the cells are en- larged, and a superior and more nourish- ing kind of food provided. “ Bees,” we are told, “soon become sensible of the loss of their queen, and in the course of a few hours begin to repair $0 serious a calamity. They then select the common young grubs, which their treatunent is to convert into queens, and the first operation is to enlarge the cells in which they are deposited. Having chosen the proper worm, they sacrifice three of the contiguous cells for its habi- tation. They next supply it with food of a stimulative quality, and raise a cy- kindrical enclosure around, by means of which the cell becomes a perfect tube, with a rhomboidal bottom. But this ha- bitation remains suitable for the royal grub during no more than the first three days of its existence, and another situa- tion becomes absolutely necessary for the next two. The ceil then must be per- pendicular, and nearly pyramidal, to at- tain which the workers gnaw away the cells surrounding the cylindrical tube, and use the wax in constructing a new one of a different form, which they fix at right angles to the first, and contrive so as to work downwards. “The diameter of this pyramid de- ereases insensibly from the base, which is very wide, to the point; and in pro- portion as the grub grows, the working bees labour to extend the cell, and also to supply plenty of food, which they care- fully place before its mouth, and around its body. As it can only move in a spiral direction, it turns incessantly to take its necessary portion of nourishment, and insensibly descending, at length arrives at the orifice of the cell, where it is transformed into a nymph.” As it had been conceived by some in- genious observers, that some of the com- mon working bees are capable of laying egys, M. Huber, or rather his assistant, determined to ascertain the fact. The Jatter accordingly proposed to handle each bee separately, so as to discover whether some queen of a small size had not insinuated herself, and deposited eggs in a hive in which no queens of the usual appearance was discovered. All the bees, therefore, were seized one by one, and carefully examined, This operation occupied eleven whole days, and_ this period was required, to examine the trunk, the hind legs, and the sting, of every individual. After such an Hercu- lean task had been finished, witha de- gree of care and labour that could arise Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. a out of a love of science alone, it was fully ascertained, * that there was not one without the usual characteristics of the working bee, viz. the long trunk, the little basket on the hind legs, and the straight sting.” An apiary exhibits at one season of the year a fine picture of laborious in- dustry ; but we learn from a perusal of this treatise, that the interior presents at times a scene of carnage and destruction, arising out of the combats of the queens, the massacre of the drones, and the oc- casional trepidation of the whole swarm, In case a supernymerary queen should be unfortunately produced in a hive, a mortal combat immediately takes place, and the victor is acknowledged as the lawful sovereign. Whether they be vir- gin queens, queens in a state of impreg- hation, or the mothers of a numerous family, the same instinctive vengeance is uniformly displayed, anda royal intruder is treated in the same manuer as a sister. Nay, to such a pitch is this carried, that a queen will not so much as permit a royal cell, for the first hatched sovereign soou commences the destruction of the palaces of her rivals; while the working bees, as if desirous to enjoy the fruits of her vengeance, approach to share the plunder, by seizing on the food deposited for the nourishment of the reyal brood. On the other hand, should a queen be removed by any accident from a hive, in the course of a few hours the news is disclosed to all her subjects. A singular humming is heard; the young are desert- ed, and all is confusion. Should her ma- jesty return, or be replaced, the tran- quillity of the apiary is instantly restored, and the usual labours of its inhabitants are resumed, But if another queen be placed among them, they soon discover the imposture, and death becomes her certain fate; for she is immediately sur- rounded by the incensed swarm, and is either suffocated, or perishes with hun- ger, being kept in the most rigorous con- finement. It is not a little remarkable too, that the working bees never use their sting on such an occasion. There are times, however, when a royal stranger may approach withcut danger; for if the queen shall have abdicated above eighteen hours, but a slight con- finement ensues ; and if twenty-four houys have elapsed, she is instantly recognised as sovereign. As some doubts had taken place rela- tive to the manner of the death of the drones, M, Huber had recourse to his leaf-hive, Retrospeet of French Literature—Miscellanies. leaf-hive, which appears to be a most ad- mirable contrivance, and commenced his Observations at the period of swarming, He was enabled to see what occurred at the bottom of the hive, and be there witnessed a real massacre of the males, on which oceasion they perished by the stings of the working bees, who darted them with such violence, as to find it dit- ficult to draw them back again. It is not alittle surprising, however, that in case a hive should be deprived of its queen bee, the males are allowed to survive another winter, their aid being absolutely necessary for the impregnation of a new queen. {n respect to swarms, we learn: 4. That each is regularly led, either by the queen of the original hive, or one recently brought into existence, and al- lowed to live, for this express purpose, The * great laying” takes place in May, which Jasts about thirty days, and on the twentieth, or twenty-first, the foundations of the royal cells are constructed. 2. When the larve hatched in the eggs in the royal cells are ready to transform into nymphe, the old queen, who always conducts the first swarm, leaves the hive, followed by her subjects; and on her assuming a new habitation, her majesty begins with the deposition of workers’ eggs. 3. After the old queen has conducted the first swarm from the hive, the remain- ing bees take particular care of the royal cells, and prevent the young queens, as they are hatched in succession, from Jeaving them, unless at intervals of se- wveral days between each. ; We learn also, that a swarm is never ‘seen except on a fine day, or at least at atime of the day when the sun shines, and the air is calm. The circumstance ‘of a cloud passing over the sun, produces ‘@ great effect on the hive, and will delay the ‘expedition of a new colony. A tu- mult also takes place on the hatching of ‘the queen ‘bees; and it is not a ‘Itttle remarkable, that on one of these occa- ‘sions, M. Huber observed the thermo- meter, in the hive, to rise from 92° to 404°, This heat itself is calculated by Nature to produce swarming; and it has ‘been asserted, that one strong lively hive thas parted with no ewer than four swarms fin the course of eighteen days, 4, The young queens who conduct “swarms being still in a virgin state, the day after their settlement they gencrally o in quest of the males, in order to ful- fil the purposes of natures but the old Moytury Mac. No, 180, 67 queens are in no need of such. inter~ course; for, according to our author, “a single copulation is swflicient to impreg- nate the whole eges that a queen will lay in the course of two years; and,” adds he, “ 533 Diderot, sentiment of ge wk 453 Dilletanti tourist, the a 550 Diseases, on popular remedies for ee ess 32 » Monthly reports of 68, 173, 270, 374, 474, 576 Dividends, alphabetical lists of 67, 175, 269, 376, 476, 578 Dorchester, Lord, account of it 489 Dovaston, Mr. memoir of nm 178 Dramatic writers, on the old 113 peee history recommended 243 Dress, danger of the female 21, 105, 420 403, 518 | Du Cange, anecdote of eels 141 Ducie, Ler, account of a 290 Dulwich college, enquiry concerning 518 Duperron, M. memoir of x 154 Dupont’s army, surrender of ses 167 Durham, liberality of the bishop of 284 Eager, Lieut. account of weet 193 East India company’s sales. 91, 195, 597 Edgington, R. account of ae 177 Edinburgh, annuity fund at at 452 -++- +--+, remarkable phenomenon near 395 Education of the poor, on the if 27 _Righteenth century, review of the 319 Electrical instrument, a remarkable 57 : IN DEX PAGE. Electrical apparatus, anew 9 3S 153 oes +. se ediscoveriee,on the new 408 Elephanta, state of'the teniple of 261 Eigin collection of antiques, on the 149 Ely, memoir of the Bishop of 283 Kimmanuel college, bequest to ry 85 England, number of acres in “ 10 English language, erroneous pronunciation of the Yen He Lees 17 Enguirer, the wate 205, 456 Epitaphs, on eee °- 455 Escurial, description of the .* 535 Eudrometer, description of a new 56 Europe, on the present state of 546 Exchange, course of 91, 196, 297, 398, 501, is \¢ 609 i oeseeeeey Origin of bills of Exeter, particulars relative tothe marquis of yeti one or 124 +++, New infirmary at a 191 Family specifics, on Sah ale ey adi, Farmer, Mrs. character of . oe 605 Farrer, Rev. J. account of o 600 Fasciola, new species of ae 467 Fecula of vegetables, observations on 466 Ferguson, Sir A. account of 3% 397 Feudal claims, anecdote concerning 555 Fire, on preventing female dress from taking PN a 21, 104, 420 ** = “cape, a new woes 361 eeee produced by the compression.of at- mospheric air nipteioriits 153 . Fires, remarkable = 86, 281, 580 +s, proposed regulations for extinguish- ing ey tees 827 Fish, description ofa remarkable 459 ahs remark on o 26 Fitchet, Lieut. account of an 383 Flax, method of preserving se 260 Floods, method of discharging water in 259 Florus, on a passage in sees 241 Fletcher, M. character of oo 287 Foote, Sam. anecdote of Sis 44 Forbes, Gen. account of - 397 Ford, Mrs, character of ici 91 Forks, antiquity of sees 354 Fowls, the practice of plucking them alive 120, 224. Fowling pieces, improved barrels for 572 Fraga, in Spain, described 220 France, political stateof 164, 27 1, 377, 477 «sss, onthe state of the arts in 231 Francis I. anecdote of penis 159 Freeth, John, account of sees 387 Fredlinggon, W. account of o* 495 Friendly societies, observations on 209 Frizes in Anglo Saxon churches, on the 229 Fruit trees, how to clear moss from 55 +++se+eey methed of propagating 465 «+s».«++ Chinese mode of raising 570 Galileo, observations on i 141 Galvanic battery, description ofa grand 13 Gas lights, experiments with 546, 566, 568 Gardner, Mrs, character of a 495 Garnerin, M. aérial voyage of ..° 260 Gaudentio di Lucca, on the author of 17, 354 | | 662 PAGE. Generation, on spontaneous os 241 Germany, political state of 163, 477 Gibbs, Col. his mineralogical museum 262 Glaziers, not subject tothe gout 17 Glgucikershire, new roads in 289, S88 Glover, S: account of see . 289 Goa, state of the inquisition of 261 Goidsworth, Mrs. character of 498 Gombauld, anecdote of ar 245 Gout, whether glaziers are subject to | 17 Grammars, hints for improvement in 313 Great tas: waste lands in a 8 .» political state of 172, 271, 380, 482, 586 Greek marbles at Cambridge He ... and English lexicon, accountofa 518 494 | Green lice, how to exterminate 85 Griznion, Mr. appeal for 3 919 Gfienon,, Ch. memoir of ac 548 Grove, Rev. H. account of ae 98 Guise, Lady, character of ee 83 Handel, on the oratorios of Sic) 420 Harding, anecdote of T. ae 555 Harp, association for encouraging the 90 Hawes, Dr. memoir of Sarate 596 Head, on the ceald oe ee 118 Health, on-Dr. Beddoes’s Essays on 345 Hemel Hempstead, antiquity in the church of wale'e ee 290 Hemp, improved mode of spinning 361 Hereford agricultural gs proceedings of the S85, 496 Hertfordshire agricultural sotie ty, pro- ceedings of-the - 64, 497 Hil!, Sir R. memoir of ve 592 Hindoo, anecdote of an te 203 Hobson, G: account of P 601 Hodgson, Mrs. character of ne 177 Holbrooke, B. account of 363 381 Holderness agricultural society, proceed- ings of the eae % 73 Holland, severe decree in oe 500 Home, John, account of .* 595 Horizon, an arttfcial .* 152 Horse shoz, an improved ele 360 .... method of treating wounds in the 50 How, John, account of 25 S84 Suet, character of weds 140 Hull, state of the library at ‘601 see, State of the university of 156 Hungary, vaccination in oo 366 Hurd, Bishop, bequest of “ 85. Hurricane, account ofa violent cas Hydrometer, an improved .e 365 Incombustible quality, on the 569 India, account of atour in 202, 322,440 «+++, method of finishing palaces in «+e+, a Valuable work on the ‘coasts of '» 570 Indian corn, saccharine matter in 366 Indians, description of North American 217 Indigence, observations on . 108 Indigestion, on the acid formed in 157 Inquisition at Goa, state of the 261 Insanity, observations on ii 270 Ipswich, assembly room, &e. at 498 lrcland, state of the church of os 516 Ireland, 68% I, Ni Dy Ey X, : PAGE. PAGE freland, John, account of + 486 | Literature, Mrs. Lee’s Essay on Govern- Irish harp, association for encouraging ; ment oe ee x 616 the de - 90 | ....++.~ Baseley’s Letter to the Bishop Island, description of a floating 285 of Norwich 1a det 619 Traly, political state of a 165, 377 | +++-++++Gillow’s Catholic principles of Itch, on the treatment of the pM 118 Allegiance ive ib. Jamaica, arrival of fleets from 21, 193, 587 | ....+.+- Sketch of the State of Ireland ib. farrold, Dr. on population . PT \sie,3 tye pe beer to the Livery of London ib. Jarry, Madame, account of os 59% | ...... «-Proceedings of the Grand Juries ervis, Capt. account of “* 294 |. and of Gloucester Prison ibe Jewelled holes in clock work, on 568 THEOLOGY, MORALS, &c. Joan, account of Pope Ai 524] |. .... Weston on the Sunday Lessons ib. Jones, T- account of — 59 |... see The Lessons for the Morning Junction canal, state of the ee 606 Service explained 620 Kempfer, anecdote of ae 417 | |. ...... Bishop Watson’s second De- Kennedy, William, account of 425 fence of revealed Religion _ib. Kennet and Avon canal, state of 88 | ......+-Dr. Campbell’s Lectures on Kennicott, Dr. his epitaph on his parents 310, Systematic Theolugy, 6. "ths - A 2 939 | ........Hamond’s Divine and Moral Ret agricultural society, proceedings of a Precepts er ib. ope fe ve rs veeeee+- Skelton’s Sermons . ib. King, an equestrian statue of the 393 | so... 4. Parry's Strictures onthe Origin Koran, a Russian edition of the 241 of Morai Evil ib. Lands, amount of the waste <* of | ...ese+. The Economy of the Human Landscape, observations onthe Scotch 34) Winds wk gat ib. haan’ on the pronunciation of the bs seeeeseeThe New Whole Duty of nglis oe an ay ee. ce Lead, method of making white Re Arn Te diode oa Essay ibe Leather, machine for finishing, glazing, | ..... o's Patteson’s, Seraianoh Wigleatald ass é&c. sa nih all Ae Dudley on the Translation of Lectures announced 1545 468, 567 the Scriptures into the Lan- Leicester agricultural society, proceedings guagesof Indien Seta 621 of + is 82, 494 ve eeaeee Evans’s Sermon on Educating Legge, Mr. account, of ne 394 the Poor * (“4 4 ib. Lemoine, anecdote of se 442 |. ...... Francis on perfect Union with Lerida, in Spain, described buen: 221 the established Church ib. Lewis, Mrs. her benefactions e: 191 | |. ...... The New Testament in an im- Lewes, shire-hal] erected at ne 294. proved Version om 462 Lexicon, account of a Greek and English 518 : : Leyden phial, on the electrical shocks FLAS AF. AN TEQUS TIED froma eeeece 153, ++ ++++.Gill’s Geography and Antiqui- Life boats, observations on aS 26 ties of Ithaca oe 621 Lights, experiments with gas 546, 566, 568 TOPOGRAPHY, &C, Lightning, how to avoid thedangerof 308 Sard oni ee | weeeeess Topographical Account of the Lincoln, subscription library at 267 Parish of Scampton, in Lin- «+ +see fens, inclosure ot als 81 colnshive ert 631 Lindsey, Rev. T. memoir of Pre 445 | ..eee.+*Pearson’s Views of Antiquities Linwoo0d’s, Miss, exhibition, accountof 566} in Shropshire th ib. Literary and philosophical intelligence 53, | seesee es Dritton’s Architectural Anti- 19152595 363s,463, 366 | quities weaarod s 69g essere fund, on the management of the 127 ee eeeees Dencan’s Scotch Itinerary ib. Et Seaege establishment, anecdotes. of 429 | «eevee Phe Antiquarian and Topegra- ZIYVERATURE, Hatr-vEaRLy RETRO- | phieal Cabinet Be ibs enect ex DOMESTIC + «s.+.. Adams’s History of Shaftesbury ib. eeee.e ee Abstracts of Records and MSS. respecting the County of Gloucester sees ib. Ls -«2+.e+s Britton’s Catalogue Raisonnée Pd of England, by Mr. Fr of the Marquis of Stafford’s anks > Si voll Dd. | ; COs e.eee-.+Annals of Europe, by Mr. Ede 6i6 | ikea oe ed POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. JURISPRUDENCE. HISTORY. | e+ +eee++The History of Greece, vol. IV. } by William Mitford,esg. 615 | veeveeee The dormant and extinct Ba- { i aueaesee Reply to the Edinburgh Re- | vee ee. Annesley’s Compendium of the view on the Foreign Policy Law of Marine IMsuranees © 626 of Marquis Wellesley’s Ad- | eeweseee Farrison’s Practice of Chan- ministration fe ib. f cery enine ib,. BIOGRA™= LANA Di Eee PAGE, | BIOGRAPHY, Literature, Dr. Zouch’s Memoirs of Sir Philip Sidney o+eeees.Dr. Watkin’s Scripture Biogra- phy winiaie 2 ++seeBiographical Index to the House of Lords ib. eeseeees Public Characters of 1809-10 628 «++se-es Biographical Peerage of Great 626 627 enee Britain ayes ia ibd. oeeeeeeeCayley’s Memoirs of Sir Tho- mas Moore wenhiva 1b, oveeeees Anecdotes of the Poidiefs of England, by E. Edwards VOYAGES AND TRAYELS. eseeesee. Travels in America, by Mr. 629 Ashe re ib, oeeseee. Whittington’s Travels through Spain and Portugal ib. NATURAL HISTORY. 2+ aee+++Parkinson’s Organic Remains of a former World +. ib. e+ esee. select Works of Anthony Van Leuwenhoek .. 630 eee ees. Dr. Smith’s Introduction to Bo# tany seeee ib. ee +eeees Lhomson’s Catalogue of Plants about Berwick .. ib. se>eeess Miller’s Gardener’s and Bota- nist’s Dictionary 2 ib. MEDICINE, SURGERY, &C, o> e+eeee Letter to Dr. Moseley on Vac- cination Bee ies 631 sess pee Murray’s Answer to High- more ib. siotitehs «nia De ‘Pharmacopeia of King’ s and Queen’s College in Ire- land ahi ib. seeeeee. Mr. Russell’s Treatise on Scro- phula Pee wiare ib. CHEMISTRY. e+eeeee+Mr. Nichoison’s Dictionary of Chemistry Bare ib POETRY. eeecesee Mr. Westal’s Poems oe ib. saeeee,s Lhe Pastoral Care os 632 «+eeeeeeMrs. Lliffe’s Poems te it «+ +ee+++ Dermody’s Harp of Erin ib. veeeeees Mayne’s Siller Gun on 635 PHILOLOGY. eeeeeeeeWilkins’s Grammar of the Sanscrita Language ib, eseeeeeeDr. Jamieson’s Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language cose 654 o+eeee~+-Grammar of the Gaelic Lan- ; guage eee 635 e+ %eeeeeLenoir’s French Spelling Book ib. e+e» Booth’s Prospectus of an Ana- lytical Dictionary ° ib. evesees. Seyer’s Latium Redivivum ib. oeeeeeesGrant’s Institutes of Latin Grammar ota ‘ota ib. eeseeeeGilchrist’s British Indian Mo- niles ae ee ib. 685 PAGE, DRAMA. Literature, Blue Devils eevee 685 .. The Review, or Wagsof Wind- sor oe ‘- ib. .«eeees» Love laughs at Locksmiths ib. NOVELS. eeesees- Edmund Fitzaubrey .? 686 ++esee. Linwood's Leicestershire Tales ib. MISCELLANIES. +¢eeee,.Sir Thomas More’s Weopias 3 by Dibdin : 636 eeeeee ee Scott’s Edition of si Works of Dryden as.» tune ib. «+ se++» Beatson’s Chronological Regis- ter ce 637 +eeese Beloe’s Anecdotes of Litera- ture : ib. Mdien oie) Foy Dell's Meet of the Ma- dras School oe 639 eee us Curran’s Speeches i ib. .eeees..« Hort’s New Pantheon ib, weeesees Mavor’s Circle of the Arts and Sciences late ib. .s+eee+.s Walton’s Complete Angler ib. .....- Howitt’s Angler's Manual ib. .. The Cutter eo ee ib. »... Engel’s Essays and Tales &40 LITERATURE, Hatr-Year¥ Rerro- specT or FRENCH. HISTORY. SHMSe se Notice Historique sur le Roy- aume des Deux Siciles e---..--.Histoire des Guerres des Gau- lois et des Frangois en Italie MISELLANIES. 640 645 ----+--- Nouveau Voyage en Italie, &c. 648 Sate ac ote Maximes et Reflexions 650 Sea eee Traité de Mecanique Celeste — ib. hie eas Archzographie, Sc 651 Lake Le Petit Magasin des Dames 655 Pras oe Le Glaneur ib. a eee Sur les Wignobles de Tokay 659 S650 chee Tableaux de Constantinople ib. dmu a elas WATIETES, CoC. << 661 shag ob “Nea Nouvelles Observations sur _ les Abeilles, &c. oe 669. o--4-.--.Clatre d™Albe, &c. a5 674 .-.-....Elizabeth, ou les Exilés de Si- bérie on the fecula of % 4 veod-bLa66 «(| SSE Scottish Song 4a 40] Poulterers, barbarous practice of: 120; 224 Ee ona Sonnet, by Miss Starke ib. | Prescott, Captain, account of wel 499 ~~ ae Elegy, by Mr. Penwarne ib. | Price, Sir John, letters of ve 30 e--2e-e-The Days that are gone, by Prince, account of a tolerant ta, t See Mr. Tomlins aes 41 | Promissory notes, origin of ant 424 «-.--.---Imitation of an Ode of Sappho, Pronunciation, on a bad vy 17 by Mr. Rudge ib. | Protagoras, the dilemma of of 45 Ey 8S Temple of Gaidas; by Protogenes, anecdote of a 142 the same ib. | Provincial occurrences 78, 182, 284,382, eee e--- Translation of the first Elegy 494, 599 of Tibullus os 42 | Publications, lists of new 58, 147, 250, 369, eee- eee. ransiations from the sixth 470, 563 book of the A&neid 43, 144 | Public affairs, state of 69, 163, 271, 377, =) er The Scale of Nature, by R. 477, 580 Dinmore 142] Puns, on -- 453, 454 sieecee=-Shanzas, by Charlotte Richard- Purslow, W. memoir of P| 604 son =e 143 | Pym, W. account of sure 177 Bisivm avee= Ode to Evening oe 144 | Pym, J. character of 494 ee On leaving Bellerillo ib. | Quebec, description of the Soliathiaale of 524 e--- ---From Carlo Maggi, by Miss Quicke, Mrs. account of bs 89 Starke a4% 944 | Quixote, illustrations of ths 256 ---.----Picture of Plantation Practice ib. | Racine, anecdotes of =* 24g eet Epitaph on a Dog ve 945 | Raffaclle, engravings from the cartoons uf 561 | ES The Owl and his Pupils ib. | Rags, substitute for in making paper 542 ee 2a wc The Columbiad “s 355 | Ralphson, account of is St eae «Lines on a Young Man 357 | Ramsay, H. account of y 177 aS od: Siin wis Elegy aa ib. | Randolph, Rev. T. account of: 293 «--..«...Lines on Epping Forest 358 | Rawlinson, Miss, account of 24 184 eee On Independence bit 455 | Reformation, on the ud 205 wu.» ----Ode to Delia nie ib. | Reguirer, character of - oh 144 ~~ .«----Future Desolation of the States Remedies, on popular~ et! 7,118 of Barbary Os ib. | Rendlesham, Lord, account of 999 ee-.-+---Lines written at Kenilworth Revenue, on the source of the 121 Castle a 456 | Reviews, observations onthe 53, 199, 304 «+. ---. Ode upon Indolence ib. | Rice, John, character of 90 --- -.--- loa Friend in Love 457 | Richard Il, account of the last days and ~+y-q---Epigram a ib, death of sta 507 ayes The Otaheitean Mourner ib. | Richardson’s, Charlotte, poems, proposals ee To Miss Murphy, by Mr, for publishing Easy 107 Cumberland 2 556 | Rinoncini, account of a 142 o--@.-.---10 Death Je ib. | Roads, proceedings respecting Sant . 49 a Stanzas to Dr. Ogilvie 557 | ----» on the names of ie 214 Geiss. — = TLOpe By. ib. | ----» public,-in America i 399 -----,--Tributary Tear to the Me- Roberdeau, H. T. account of we 608 mory of Maria S ib. | Robinson, Sir I. anecdote of ae Ad Political romances, account of 17,224 | Robinson, Margaret, account of 37 Pollen, Col. melancholy fate of 102, 194 | Rogers, Mr. melancholy death of 88 Polygraphic art, on the Bi 315, 576 | Romances, account of political 17, 224 Pompeia, description of 3% 648 | Ropes, method of applying flat i575 Poor, on the management of the 109 | Rosden, William, account of a3 191 ----» society for the relief of the rup- Rosson, Miss, account of Za 287 tured Ses wg 54.| Rotatory motion, an improved 461 Popes declaration of the 4 69 | Royal Institution, proccedings of the 538 Population, observations on ae 11] Ruptured poor, society for the relief of the 52 Porchester’s, Lord, sale of sheep -- 296} Russia, state of fF 156, 467, 427 Porson, Professor, memoir of “4 947 |) - 3a 6 » surrender of the fleet of 279 Porter breweries, statement of a 74.| Rutlandagricultural society, proceedingsof 82 Port-folio of aman of letters 44, 139, 241,] Ryston, George, account of ae 30 353, 453, 554 | Silmasius, anecdote of oy 141 Mouturx Maa. No. 180. 4T Salmoret, 189 T Ga yy 688 i'n YY ee : ie . PAGE.| | ~, PAGE. Salmoret, anecdote of re 454] Stewart, Colonel, account of a 396 Salt-cellar, particulars concerning the 354 eee Sines, extraordinary pair of 86 Saragossa, description of . we 214 | Stone, analysis of a calcareous py 568 Surin, account of Elias ieee . 141 } Storms, remarkable 260, 302, 366 Scaife}'Christopher, account of 601 | Strickland, Sir G. sale of the Stockof 153 Scald-head, on the treatment of 118 | Succinic acid, from amber varnish 57 Scepticism, instance of bad 241 | Sugar produced in France pe ib: Schools, institutionsof charity 54,492, 604] .... extracted from beet root 150 éu..-.-, advantages from Sunday 213 | Sun-flower, oil extracted from the 259 ou...) anecdotes of public ee 429 | Sunday schools, advantages from 213 Scilly islands, population of the 4192| ....- society, state of the = 484 Scotland, waste lands in ee 9 | Sussex agricultural society, proceedings of 189 Scottish landscape, on the «* 131 | Sweden, declaration of the king of 377 Screen, ona transparent ea 444 | Swift, intolerance of mh 453 Seagrave, J. account of se 87 | Swifts, on the departure and arrival of 134, Sea.water, mode of making it fresh 55} 219 Segovia, description of ar 536 | Sympathy, on iy te "618 Servan, General, account of ae 647 | Tagusy surrender of the Russian fleet in Severambians, on the history 6f the 224] the ee in ee 279 Seymour; gallant action of Captain 483 | Taylor, Robert, account of 4 390 Shakspeare, similarity between him and ~ | Tea, observations on Bite | Sater | Other writers ; xe 114 | Tea plant, historical account of the 1, 97, Sus. ----» portraits of oe 139 aE ~* 201 e.....-- author of epistles translated Tees navigation company, state of the 78 from Ovid bie 312, 523 | Telescope, improvement in the "" "156 Sheep, sales of Merino ens 176, 296 | Temple, Wm. account of me 182 ees. -, anecdote of a owen 410 | Tense, on the present ae 105 Shipley, Capt. account of dena t 194} Theatre, destruction of Covent Garden 281 Ships, discovery of ata great distance 497] ...-.- , planof the new Se “484 Shipwreck, affecting account of a 10% | Theseus, state of Phidias’s statue of 150 Short-hand, on systems of 133, 419 | Thomson, proposed monument to 5 Shropshire, improvements in a 587 | Thornton, account of James - 485 Signals of the ancients, on the 246 | Thuanus, anecdote of a 142 Silkonettes, account of red oo 354 | Thunder-storm, account of a an 302 -Silk trade, present state of the 11, 113 | Time, new principle of measuring 573 Silver, experiments on fat 56 | Tindall’s translation of the Testament, Sirmond, account of Fither on 141 first edition of ih sake 638 Smithfieid cattle shew Evans, R, 269 Evatt, J. 376 Fairless, M. 476 Faulding, E. 579 Fawcett, T. 476 Fearon, JoP..' (175 Feather, H. 67 Feldwicke, J. 376 Fenner, J. 7 Fenton, f: as Field, S. 476 Finch, W. 269 Fisher, T. 47 Fitzherbert, P. 376 Flack, J. 476 Flook, J. ° 175 Foreshaw, A. 476 Forshaw, i 175) 579 rege: J. rae oe ? Poiter, J. 1 6y5' se Pater, je Fuller, S mi Furlonge, M. 476 Furniss & Co. ib. Furtado, J.R. 376 Gale, C. 376, 476 Gameau, J. 1755 376 Gardner, T- 579 Gaskill, T&G. 17 Gatty, J. 4 ase Gear, S. 67 German, J. 269, 476 de 475; 269 Gimber, G. 67 beg Hi th 52 ing, D. 67 Goodenough, W. 376 Goodwin, J. 269 Goodwin, W. — £79 Goulden, R. 376, 579 Goulton, 579 Graff & Foley 67 Gravenor, W.67, 269 . Gray, T 269 Green, 7 ; 67 Green, W. 67, 376 Green, V. & P. 67, 476; 579 Chien; if 579 Green, R. ib. Greenock: r 67 Greenwood and . Grimaldi 375 Grellet & Winter 476 Gar E. 579 rierson and va ge 269 Griffith; J. ¥ 67 Grimes, G. 67, 175, ae 478 Grover, T. 376 Guy, W ib. Hall, G: 476 ie 67 Hancock, W. ib. Harding, A. 269 Hate,M.° * ° 67 Harker, A 476 Hermer,S. 376 Barper,G.M. 175 Harris, J. - 76 Bitriton and Gib- son’ 67,175 rrison, S. 67 Harrison & Rigg 269 Harrison, T. 579 Trop, | B. 376 art & Turner 67 Heft; Ho 87 atvey, J. 47 Mawker, G.” 9 175 Hawkesworth, ° 579 Hayter, W 269 Hayward, J. 579 Hebert, J, &G. 67 Henderson, F. INDEX 269 Henderson, W. 476 Henshaw, W. 67 Heppell, f. ib. Herbert, T. lib. Herron, G. 476 Hesketh & Jones 175 Heskin, J. 175, ef Hetherington, J. Hewlings, A. i Hig beintottem! L. 376 Higvinbottom, Ww. 175 Higgs, D. ib. Hill, S. 67 Hiil, J ib. Hill, B 269 Hill, G:; 476 Hingeston, C, & R. ib. Hinse, C. ib. Hirst, J. 379 Hitchcock, H. © 269 Hobbs, S ib. ‘Hodgson, J. 67 Hoghton, W. and 175 Wéldsw rorth, W. 269 Hello ay &Green- filmes, T. 579 Hookham, T. J. ib. Hooton and.Rich 175 Hooton, W. 376 Hopkins, §. 579 Hopkinson & Co. 476 Horn, N. 7 Horn & Jackson “57, 269 Horner, L, 476 Horth, J 269 Houghton, W. & j. 67 Hudson, J. 67, 476 Hughes, T. 476,579 Hooter; J, 476 Hurdis, J. 376 Hurfel, T. 376, 476 Hurry, J. sper Hussey, C.& N. 579 Hustler, J. 4:6 Hyde and: Chad- wick 376 Tnwood, D. 269 Tretand, fk. 476 Ttter & Holding 269 Ivory, R. 376 Jackson, R. 67, 29 Jackson,” J. 7 Jackson, J. 579 Jacob, J) 5 6%. 476 i Freon A. W. 476 Jefferson and Dickinson 579° is Jennings & Dickin- M‘Dermott, J. son 376 : Jennings, T. 579 M*‘Donald, W. Jocl, M. ., ib, Maddock, R. Jozget, W.P. 269 Mann, R. Jonson, J. 67, 269, Markham, W. 476 Marsden, W. i Johnson & Wilt- Marshall & Long- shire 376, 579 cakes 269 Johnson, D. 476 Marshall, J. 579 Johnson, E 579 ‘Marston, C. 265 Johnstone & Nain- Marter& Co. “477 by 579 ©-Martin, W. 195 Jones J 67 Martinnant, P. 67 Jones, T ib. Mason,.R,, ib. jones, R. 175 Matthews, D. .'376 Jones,M.&E. 376 Matthias, J. “67 Kay & Co. 576 ee ibe 579 Keen, D. ib. *May, S 269 Keddie, T..H. 289 ‘May & Spooner 579 Kelland, W. 476 Mayell, W..477, 579 Kelly, I. 579 ‘Meadley, R. 67 Sein rion; J. ib. ‘Medford,M. “579 Kershaw, f. 476 Mecker, W. P. 1376, Wirkpatreek) Esee7 477 Kitton, J. 269 Merac, T. & M. 269 Knowles, J. 17§ Mercer, J. & Nz 579 Lacy, J. 376 \Merrefield, J.- 67 Lambert, G. 67 ‘Merrick and.Hos- Lane andiGe 579 kins 269, 477 Law, T. 175 ‘Merrick, J. 477 Lawrence, J. 477 Mer: ritt, W. ib. Lawton, H. 269 Micklam,J.. .° 67 Lawton, Ss. 376 Millington, J. & Layton, M. 175 j- 477 Leach, T. ibe ‘Mills, -C. $79 Leep TV 269 Mills, J. ib, Lee, M. ib. Milns, B 17 Lees, T. 376 Mitchell, W. 37 Leec, M. $79 Mitchell, T. 579 Lewis & Co. “67 Mockite, T. ‘G7 Lewis, J. ib. Moffatt & Brown 269 Lewis and Cham- Moore, M. 376; 579 bers 376, 477 Moore, J. - 477 Lewis, J. 376 Mordue, T.- 376 Lilley, W. - 579 Morganand Mor- ~ Lindsay, P. 376 ley 376 List, W. 579 Morgan, E. 579 Lister, P. 269, 376 Morley, W. 67 Lister, A. 376 Morris, W: 477, §79 Lloyd, J. - 67. Morton, GC. 579 Lodt, R 175 Moses, M: 269 Lockier, T, ib. Mould, H. 376 Lockier, J. 679 Moule, J. ‘269 Lodge, J. 67 ‘Mount ‘and Ro- ' Lomas, J. 579 berts ©: 376 Losh & Robinson th. Mountfort, B. * a6g Lowe, W. 477, 579 Munn, J. “ibe Lowe, J. 477.7579 Mure, H-'& R. 497, Lutas, W. $79 «CF ‘579 Luckhurst, T. 175 MussonyT. ‘: 579 Lucy, J: 259 © Nantes, -H: ‘thy Lund, C. L. 579 Neale & Tanner ib. Macklin, M. 477; Nesbitt, R. 477 Maclaichlan, J. 175 Newberry, E. 67 ‘ ani sLachigns A...3904:.-Newport, Ho ...376 ve ad. 472 Bicol, J, Ge 1.477 Norclificy 694 Norcliffe, J. 175,477 Nunes, J. & A. 579 Oates, DI. ib, Ogilby, W. F. ib. Oldfield, J. 477 Oliver, F. 269 Orchard, G. 579 Orpwood, T. 376 Paine, G. 477 Parish and Co. 269 Parker, J. 175 Parker, S. F. 477 Parker, J. ib. Parkin, T. 579 Parkinson, F. 376 Parkinson and Stock 579 Parr, W. ib. Parry, M. 175 -Parry, C. 477 Partridge, W. 376, 579 Partridge, R. 477 Payne, S.L. 175 Peacock, R. 376 Peacock, J. 579 Pearson, J. 67 Pearson, J. 269 Pearson, T. 376 Pears & Co. 376, 579 Pedler, H. 175 Peers, J. 376 Penn, B. 269 Penn, I. 579 Perkins, N. ib, Phelps, W.A. 477 Phillips,G.L. 269 Phillips, W. 579 Phipps, J. 269, 477 Pickup, J. 477 Pierson and Sam- mon 376 Pilling, J. 175 Pinney, F. 477 Poole, R. 67, 376 Poole, T. E. 67 Potter, C. ib. Potts, G. ib. Powell, J. 376 Prager, J. 477 Preston, T. 175 Preston, B. 269 Price, E, 477 Prior, J. 67 Pritchard, W. 175 Pritchard, H. 579 Pritty, J. 175 Pullen, W. 477 Purbrick, J. 269 Raby, J. 579 - Racey, J. 376,477 Raine & Mackay 477 7s AM D. a: Raine, T. 477 Sones, G. 579 Randall, W. 67 Soper, J. & W. 376 Rayner, R. 376 Southard, G. 579 Rayson, G, ib. ‘Sparkes, J. 269 Read, B. + 269 Spence, T. ib. ‘Read, E, 47. Spencer, H. 579 Readhead, D. 67 Spicer, H. 7 Reeve, J. 477 Spittle, J. 67 Reid, J. 67,269,477 Spraggon, J. and Richard, G. 579° w. 175 Richardson and Stanley, H. 269 Worthington 269 Staples& Co. 269 Richardson, J. 477 Starey, T. 67 Rigby, J. 67 Stead, W. 579 Risleben, H, 477 Steadman, T. ib. Roberts, S. 67,175 Steel, J- 269 Roberts, W. 67 Steel, W. 477 Roberts and Wil- Stephens, G. 269 liams 269 Stevens, G. 376 Robinson, J. 175 Stevens, R, 477 Robinson & Co, 175, Stevenson, T. 269 269 Stokes, T. 477 Robinson, R. 376 Stott, J. 269 Robinson, J. 579 Stuart, T. 67 Roper, T. 67 Stutterd & Co. 579 Ross, B. 579 Sutton, T. 477 Rowe, M, 67 Swaine&Co. 376 Rowe, J.- 579 Swann, W. 477 Rowton, Z. 67 Tadman, F. 376 Roxburgh, J. ib. Tankard, j. 269 Royland, J. 477. ‘Taylor, A. 175 Rust, N. 269, 376, Taylor, J. S. 376 579 Tennant,R. 175 Ryley, G. 477. ‘Terry, F. J. 269 St. John, H. 269 ©Tetley, J. 67 Salt, W. 579 Sargeant, G. E. 477; Sarton, J. Sawyer, J. 67 Saxtcn and Chap- man 477 Sayer, J. 67, 579 Seabrook, R. 579 Sellon, A. 376 Senior, J. 67 Serle, J. 375 Severn, L.H. 477 Shaw & Co. 269, 477, 579 Shepley, T. 175 Simkiss, J. 376 Simpson, T. & N. 67 Singleton, G. 376 Smerdon & Penn 269 Smith, W. 67 Smith, G. 175 Smith, J. 477 Smith, W. ib. Smith, W. 579 Snawdon, J. 175 Soanes, R. 477 Thomas, D. 175, 376 Thomas, W.C. 579 Thompson, J. 175 Thompson, W- §79 Thompson and Leadbitter 269 Thomson, J. 477 Thorpe, W. 579 Ticken, W. 477,579 Tite, T. 376, 477 Tomlinson, R. 67 Towers, T, ib. Townsend, j. 477 Townsend, E. ib. Towson, G. ib. Travers and Es- daile 4775 579 Travis, J. & R. 477 Tremlett & Hall 67 Tucker, W. 376,477 Tunnicliffe, R. 477 Turner, J. 376 Twamley, J S. 477 Tydeman, J.S. ib. Tyson, J. ib. Uren, R- 175 Valentine, R. & J. ib. END or tus TWENTY-SIXTH VOLUME. J. Aptarp, Printer, Duke-street, Smithfield Varley; J._.; 4 as Fy w. 2 Vinn, T. ik. Waghorn, T. 376 Wainwright, E. 269 Wakefield, W. 376 Wallens, J. 175 Walters, [.I. 269 Ward, J. 175 Ward, H. 175, 269 Ward, J. 477 Watkins & Co. 269 Watkinson, S. 376 Watkis, II. 477,579 Watson, W. 579 Watts, G. 269 Watts, W.R. 376 Waugh, C. 269 Way bran and Ge- rard 579 Weeden, D.N. 376 Whalley, R. 376, 579 Wheeler, J.-376, 477 Whitaker, J. 269 Whitaker & Co. 579 White, W. 269 White, T. 269, 579 White, J. 477 Whitehead, J 579 Whitehead, E. 269 Wicken, J. 579 Wienholt, J. 579 Wilcock, R. 67 Wilcock, H. and J. 376 Wilkins and La- wap 2695 §79 Wilkins, J. 376 Wilkinson, J. R. 579 Williams, W. 269 Williams, B. 269, 376 Williams, M. . 269 Williams, J. 376 Williams, G. 477 Williams, R. 579 Williamson, J. ib. Willimott, J: H. 67 Wilson, E. 579 Winter and Hay 175, 477 Winterbourn, T. 579 Wood, J. 67 Wood, T. 376, 477 Wood & Siddall 477 Woodroffe, E, ib. Woodward, A. 579 Woolley, J.P. 175 Wrigley, J. 67 Wright, W. 269,376 Wright, C. 477, 579 Wroe, J. 477 Young, Tt. ib. \ ‘i : f & ie is ie m., ioe’ a a ee Ps i i